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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (14 results)

  • Multimedia
CMPM 80K (2014)

“Midnight Escape” is an action-puzzle horror game based on the Midnight Man, a mythical monster who brave souls can summon by gathering items and completing a ritual. A warning associated with this ritual is that one must avoid the Midnight Man at all costs, never allowing him in in order to avoid entering a hard to leave hallucinatory state that could end in death. In “Midnight Escape,” the main character summons the Midnight Man and awakens in a state of hallucination in a strange, creepy house, with only a little precious time to escape. Players must navigate various rooms of the house in the allotted time, completing puzzle mini-games (teleportation room, specific pathways room, etc)in order to collect items and clues as to how to escape, all while only seeing what is lit by the candle he holds (more are collectible and strewn about the house). The Midnight Man however, will not passively wait for the player to complete his goal and exit the house-- wait too long and the Midnight Man will appear, following the player with the aim to catch him or her. When the Midnight Man catches the player, the player is sent back to the beginning room, sans all items previously stored in inventory-- back to square one with the timer still running.

  • 2 supplemental files
  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 39 (2017)
Eye tracking research on situated language comprehension hasshown that participants rely more on a recent event than on aplausible future event during spoken sentence comprehension.When people saw a recent action event and then they listenedto a German (NP1-Verb-Adv-NP2) past or futuric present tensesentence, they preferentially looked at the recent event targetover another plausible target object (that might be involvedin a future action) independent of tense. This preferential in-spection persisted even when future events and futuric presentsentences were much more frequent within the experiment,or when a gaze cue biased towards the future action target.The present experiments extend this line of research by intro-ducing incongruence (in Experiment 1 a past tense verb mis-matched the recently seen action and in Experiment 2 an actorgaze cue mismatched the past tense sentence condition). Canthe verb-action and the gaze-sentence mismatches eliminatethe recent-event inspection preference? Would participants re-call information in post-experimental memory tests better formatches (the futuric present tense condition) than mismatches(the past tense condition)? Results revealed inspection of therecent event target as participants processed the verb-actionmismatch (Exp 1) and actor gaze incongruence (Exp 2). How-ever, the gaze (but not the verb-action) incongruence elimi-nated the overall recent event preference in the NP2 region.The memory tests also showed some evidence for a reversal ofthe recent-event preference.
    Cover page: Action and actor gaze mismatch effects during spoken sentence processing
    • Article
    Research Reports (1992)

    This study investigates issues concerning the implementation and impacts of lateral guidance/control systems and the phased implementation of these systems in exclusive-access High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes. The study is divided into 5 volumes. The objectives of each volume are as follows: Vol. 1: identify strategies for early deployment of longitudinal control technologies on the highway, and to evaluate potential impacts of these strategies on traffic operation, highway capacity, and traffic accidents. Vol. 2A: assess the feasibility of early deployment of Roadway Powered Electric Vehicle (RPEV) technology in existing HOV facilities in California. Vol. 2B: investigate potential near-term air quality benefits due to RPEV's relative to conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV's), when the two are assumed to operate under identical conditions. Vol. 3: identify policy scenarios for including HOV lanes in dynamic route-guidance networks, when HOV lanes exist on the corridors. Vol. 4: study incremental systems for implementation in existing transitways and potential safety and capacity impacts of these systems, and assess human-factor issues relevant for the implementation of these systems.

      Cover page: Feasibility Study Of Advanced Technology Hov Systems: Volume 2b: Emissions Impact Of Roadway-powered Electric Buses, Light-duty Vehicles, And Automobiles
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 36 (2014)
        Cover page: How robust is the recent event preference?
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 45 (2023)
        Eye-tracking research has revealed that people rely more on a recently enacted action-event than consider a plausible future action-event when hearing a sentence referring to a visual scene. When participants encountered a recently enacted action-event, and then listened to a (NP1-Verb-Adv-NP2) past or futuric present tense sentence in German, they inspected the target of the recently seen event more often than that of the equally plausible future target shown, irrespective of sentence tense. These preferential looks towards the recent target persisted even when future events and futuric present sentences were presented with greater frequency within the experiment. The current experiments assessed whether the preferential looks toward recent targets occur in similarly structured English sentences containing earlier, more localized tense markers (auxiliary verbs: will/has), and in Georgian sentences containing an even earlier case marking at the first noun phrase (nominative and ergative case). Can the early morphosyntactic cues eliminate the preferential inspection of the recent target? Results revealed that when participants processed the tense marker in Experiment 1 (English) and 2 (Georgian), the bias towards looking at the recent target was reduced. However, in Georgian, the morphological marker on its own was not able to eliminate the strength of the recent event. In both experiments, participants rapidly started to decrease their looks towards the recent target when exposed to the clear future tense cues at the verbs and this gaze pattern continued into the later word regions. This shows that participants were able to use the tense cues but only partly use the morphosyntactic cues to anticipate sentence referents to the visual context.
          Cover page: The role of morphosyntactic cues on anticipatory sentence processing within a rich visual context: Evidence from eye-tracking
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UC San Diego Previously Published Works (2024)
          This comprehensive review explores the critical role of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cardiac diseases, particularly heart failure (HF), and the implications for therapeutic strategies. The heart's reliance on ATP, primarily sourced from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, underscores the significance of metabolic flexibility, with fatty acid oxidation (FAO) being a dominant source. In HF, metabolic shifts occur with an altered FA uptake and FAO, impacting mitochondrial function and contributing to disease progression. Conditions like obesity and diabetes also lead to metabolic disturbances, resulting in cardiomyopathy marked by an over-reliance on FAO, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipotoxicity. Therapeutic approaches targeting FA metabolism in cardiac diseases have evolved, focusing on inhibiting or stimulating FAO to optimize cardiac energetics. Strategies include using CPT1A inhibitors, using PPARα agonists, and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function. However, the effectiveness varies, reflecting the complexity of metabolic remodeling in HF. Hence, treatment strategies should be individualized, considering that cardiac energy metabolism is intricate and tightly regulated. The therapeutic aim is to optimize overall metabolic function, recognizing the pivotal role of FAs and the need for further research to develop effective therapies, with promising new approaches targeting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and FAO that improve cardiac function.
            Cover page: Metabolic Flexibility of the Heart: The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Health, Heart Failure, and Cardiometabolic Diseases
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 37 (2015)
            Previous visual world eye-tracking studies have shown that when a sentential verb can refer (via tense information on the verb and on a following time adverb) to either a recent and a future action event performed by an actor, people inspected the target of the recent event more often than the (different) target of the future event. This ’recent event preference’ replicated even when the frequency of future events within the experiment greatly exceeded the frequency of recent events (e.g., 75% vs 25%). The recent event preference may arise because the past action is situation-immediate and thus more relevant at the particular point in time when the sentence is processed (at that point participants have seen the past action performed and will not see the future action until after the sentence). If the situation-immediate relevance of a cue is responsible for the recent event preference, then we should be able to “overwrite” the effect of the recent action with another situation-immediate cue. Accordingly, two current eye-tracking experiments pitted the recent event preference against a situation-immediate cue, the shift in the actor’s gaze to the target object. Given that interlocutors’ gaze has been shown to be a powerful cue in guiding listeners’ attention to objects in the visual context, we hypothesized that the actor’s gaze to the future target should rapidly guide a listener’s attention to it. Analyses revealed indeed that listeners’ visual attention was rapidly guided to the target by the actor’s gaze; crucially the gaze cue was particularly helpful in guiding looks to the future target. Importantly, however, we still replicated the overall preference to look at the recent target regardless of tense and gaze; and even for future gaze conditions, the preference was not immediately reversed, suggesting it is surprisingly robust in competition with a situation-specific future-biasing cue.
              Cover page: Eye-tracking situated language comprehension: Immediate actor gaze versus recent action events
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              • Peer Reviewed
              UC San Diego Previously Published Works (2020)
              Broad-based prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has saved lives but at a substantial human and financial cost. One way of mitigating this harm, while maintaining and possibly improving the benefit, is by focusing screening efforts on men at higher risk. With age, race, and family history as the only risk factors, many men lack any reliable data to inform their prostate cancer (PCa) screening decisions. Complexities including history of previous negative biopsies, interpretation of negative and/or equivocal mpMRI findings, and patient comorbidities further compound the already complicated decisions surrounding PCa screening and early detection. The authors present cases that provide real-world examples of how a single nucleotide polymorphism-based test can provide patients and providers with personalized PCa risk assessments and allow for development of improved risk-stratified screening regimens.
                Cover page: Low Penetrance Germline Genetic Testing: Role for Risk Stratification in Prostate Cancer Screening and Examples From Clinical Practice.
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                • Peer Reviewed
                UC Davis Previously Published Works (2011)
                Abstract Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris are two of the most relevant microbial eukaryotic platforms for the production of recombinant proteins. Their known genome sequences enabled several transcriptomic profiling studies under many different environmental conditions, thus mimicking not only perturbations and adaptations which occur in their natural surroundings, but also in industrial processes. Notably, the majority of such transcriptome analyses were performed using non-engineered strains. In this comparative study, the gene expression profiles of S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris, a Crabtree positive and Crabtree negative yeast, respectively, were analyzed for three different oxygenation conditions (normoxic, oxygen-limited and hypoxic) under recombinant protein producing conditions in chemostat cultivations. Results The major differences in the transcriptomes of S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris were observed between hypoxic and normoxic conditions, where the availability of oxygen strongly affected ergosterol biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism and stress responses, particularly the unfolded protein response. Steady state conditions under low oxygen set-points seemed to perturb the transcriptome of S. cerevisiae to a much lesser extent than the one of P. pastoris, reflecting the major tolerance of the baker's yeast towards oxygen limitation, and a higher fermentative capacity. Further important differences were related to Fab production, which was not significantly affected by oxygen availability in S. cerevisiae, while a clear productivity increase had been previously reported for hypoxically grown P. pastoris. Conclusions The effect of three different levels of oxygen availability on the physiology of P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae revealed a very distinct remodelling of the transcriptional program, leading to novel insights into the different adaptive responses of Crabtree negative and positive yeasts to oxygen availability. Moreover, the application of such comparative genomic studies to recombinant hosts grown in different environments might lead to the identification of key factors for efficient protein production.
                • 5 supplemental files
                Cover page: The impact of oxygen on the transcriptome of recombinant S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris - a comparative analysis
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                UC San Diego Previously Published Works (2023)
                Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS2 are Earth-abundant catalysts that are attractive for many chemical processes, including the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). While many studies have correlated synthetic preparation and architectures with macroscopic electrocatalytic performance, not much is known about the state of MoS2 under functional conditions, particularly its interactions with target molecules like CO2. Here, we combine operando Mo K- and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with first-principles simulations to track changes in the electronic structure of MoS2 nanosheets during CO2RR. Comparison of the simulated and measured XAS discerned the existence of Mo-CO2 binding in the active state. This state perturbs hybridized Mo 4d-S 3p states and is critically mediated by sulfur vacancies induced electrochemically. The study sheds new light on the underpinnings of the excellent performance of MoS2 in CO2RR. The electronic signatures we reveal could be a screening criterion toward further gains in activity and selectivity of TMDCs in general.
                  Cover page: Active States During the Reduction of CO2 by a MoS2 Electrocatalyst
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