2026-09-18T08:33:20Zhttps://escholarship.org/oaioai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7590w4xd2026-09-17T18:28:55Zqt7590w4xdA Statistician’s Overview of Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Spatio-Temporal DataWikle, Christopher KNorth, JoshuaGopalan, GiriYoo, Myungsoo2026-04-03The recent success of deep neural network models with physical constraints (so-called, Physics-Informed Neural Networks, PINNs) has led to renewed interest in the incorporation of mechanistic information in predictive models. Statisticians and others have long been interested in this problem, which has led to several practical and innovative solutions dating back decades. In this overview, we focus on the problem of data-driven prediction and inference of dynamic spatio-temporal processes that include mechanistic information, such as would be available from partial differential equations, with a strong focus on the quantification of uncertainty associated with data, process, and parameters. We give a brief review of several paradigms and focus our attention on Bayesian implementations given they naturally accommodate uncertainty quantification. We then show that it is straight-forward to include the Bayesian PINN (B-PINN) within the Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) framework that has long been considered for modeling dynamic spatio-temporal processes. Such a BHM-PINN is illustrated via a simulation study in which a latent nonlinear Burgers’ equation PDE governs the dynamics of Poisson distributed spatio-temporal data. Supplementary materials for this article are available online, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work.38 Economics (for-2020)4905 Statistics (for-2020)3802 Econometrics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)BayesianBurgersDeep learningHierarchicalSpatio-temporalUncertainty quantification0104 Statistics (for)1403 Econometrics (for)1603 Demography (for)Statistics & Probability (science-metrix)3802 Econometrics (for-2020)4905 Statistics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7590w4xdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7590w4xd/qt7590w4xd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1080/01621459.2026.2625420articleJournal of the American Statistical Association, vol 121, iss 5541708 - 1724oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3nr7d3d92026-09-17T18:28:04Zqt3nr7d3d9Dietary sources of cumulative phthalates exposure among the U.S. general population in NHANES 2005–2014Varshavsky, Julia RMorello-Frosch, RachelWoodruff, Tracey JZota, Ami R2018-06-01BACKGROUND: Anti-androgenic phthalates are reproductive toxicants that may have additive effects on male development. Diet is the primary exposure source for most phthalates, which contaminate the food supply through food contact materials and industrialized production.
OBJECTIVE: To compare dietary sources of cumulative phthalates exposure between "food at home" (e.g. food consumed from a grocery store) and "food away from home" (e.g. food consumed from fast food/restaurants and cafeterias) in the U.S. general population.
METHODS: We estimated cumulative phthalates exposure by calculating daily intake from metabolite concentrations in urinary spot samples for 10,253 participants (≥6 years old) using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2014) data. We constructed a biologically relevant metric of phthalates daily intake (∑androgen-disruptor, μg/kg/day) by converting phthalates into anti-androgen equivalent terms prior to their summation. Particular foods and the percent of total energy intake (TEI) consumed from multiple dining out sources were ascertained from 24-h recall surveys. Associations with ∑androgen-disruptor levels were estimated for children, adolescents, and adults using multivariable linear regression.
RESULTS: We observed a consistent positive association between dining out and Σandrogen-disruptor levels across the study population (p-trend <0.0001). Among adolescents, high consumers of foods outside the home had 55% (95% CI: 35%, 78%) higher Σandrogen-disruptor levels compared to those who only consumed food at home. The contribution of specific dining out sources to Σandrogen-disruptor levels varied by age group. For example, cafeteria food was associated with 15% (95% CI: 4.0%, 28%) and 64% (95% CI: 40%, 92%) higher Σandrogen-disruptor levels in children and adults, respectively. Particular foods, especially sandwiches (i.e. cheeseburgers), were associated with increased Σandrogen-disruptor levels only if they were purchased away from home (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Dining out may be an important source of biologically relevant cumulative phthalates exposure among the U.S.
POPULATION: Future studies should evaluate modifiable production practices that remove phthalates from the food supply in addition to the efficacy of interventions that promote eating fresh foods prepared at home.4206 Public Health (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3210 Nutrition and Dietetics (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Nutrition (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Endocrine Disruptors (rcdc)2.3 Psychologicalsocial and economic factors (hrcs-rac)Metabolic and endocrine (hrcs-hc)Stroke (hrcs-hc)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Oral and gastrointestinal (hrcs-hc)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Child (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Diet (mesh)Environmental Exposure (mesh)Humans (mesh)Nutrition Surveys (mesh)Phthalic Acids (mesh)United States (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Chemical mixturesEndocrine disruptionFast foodCumulative assessmentFood contact materialsConsumer product chemicalsHumans (mesh)Phthalic Acids (mesh)Diet (mesh)Nutrition Surveys (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Environmental Exposure (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Child (mesh)United States (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Chemical mixturesConsumer product chemicalsCumulative assessmentEndocrine disruptionFast foodFood contact materialsAdolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Child (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Diet (mesh)Environmental Exposure (mesh)Humans (mesh)Nutrition Surveys (mesh)Phthalic Acids (mesh)United States (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nr7d3d9https://escholarship.org/content/qt3nr7d3d9/qt3nr7d3d9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.029articleEnvironment International, vol 115417 - 429oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt90h8c0132026-09-17T17:58:11Zqt90h8c013Designed adaptation: A multidisciplinary framework for urbanized river-landform design and communicationDAWSON, CoreyPasternack, Gregory B2026-08-01Urbanized riverscapes are vulnerable to changing flow and sediment regimes with consequences including increased flooding and habitat degradation. The conventional engineering solution in this situation involves gray infrastructure, including concrete-lined trapezoidal channels and flood-prevention structures, retention and detention ponds, and closed subsurface piped systems. Gray infrastructure is failing to mitigate flooding under changing climate conditions, particularly in coastal regions impacted by rising sea levels, and it is well understood to eliminate essential, natural ecosystem functions and services. This study presents a multidisciplinary design framework to support adaptive riverscape planning with additional and complementary modeling applications. It integrates synthetic 3D rivers and real-world topographic data for design development, testing and selection, refinement, and presentation to yield project-specific alternatives to gray infrastructure while enhancing stakeholder engagement. The framework was applied to a semi-alluvial urban stream as a coastal case study. Three river-design scenarios were developed upstream from a flood-prone urban site to improve water retention and soil infiltration while reducing downstream flow rates for enhanced flood mitigation. Improved river-design outcomes are demonstrated by modeling flow velocity and water depth to test hydraulic responses to river-designs. Sediment transport models are presented to understand how river-designs may adapt to elevation change and the geomorphic-form-variation approach is applied as a measure of habitat heterogeneity. The framework's flexibility is showcased by revising a river-design and re-simulating hydraulic responses to new surface-form configurations. We also present a rendered perspective image to illustrate a tool available for communicating a nature-based solution action in urbanized contexts. The framework can be adapted to diverse urban riverscape projects that require hydraulic, geomorphic, ecological, and social trade-offs by supporting a collaborative planning approach for nature-based solutions.41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)3304 Urban and regional planning (for-2020)4104 Environmental management (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/90h8c013https://escholarship.org/content/qt90h8c013/qt90h8c013.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100456articleCity and Environment Interactions, vol 31100456oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3rf8w5362026-09-17T17:50:52Zqt3rf8w536Bridging natural and artificial: Stream reach classification for mixed watershedsWang, ZhihaoPasternack, Gregory BrianJin, YufangRampini, CostanzaAlexander, SerenaKumar, NikhilPerales, K MartinMoreno, StephanieLim, ChristopherStoresund, RuneLacan, Igor2026-03-03Heavily managed urban streams, agricultural drainages, and least modified natural streams are rarely analyzed within a single framework, even though modern landscapes include a mix of them. Urbanization, agriculture, deforestation, mining, and other intensive land uses have dramatically altered fluvial systems. Most existing stream classification frameworks were developed for natural streams and rely only on natural geomorphic attributes. The few that address artificial streams focus exclusively on engineered (artificial) characteristics and usually address only a single land-use setting. As a result, these frameworks do not capture the full diversity of stream conditions found in mixed land-use watersheds that are influenced by both natural processes and human interventions. Recognizing this problem, our study proposes a joint geomorphic classification framework that collects and analyzes field data that captures both engineering and geomorphic attributes of streams in mixed land-use watersheds. We implemented this joint framework in a prime example of a mixed land-use watershed—the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. We collected a dataset for 164 stream sites. By using hierarchical cluster analysis on 92 variables computed from the field data, we identified 12 regional stream types, including six artificial and six natural ones. Our results demonstrate that this joint framework differentiates unique natural and artificial stream types in urban, agricultural, and wilderness settings. It also captures the subtle internal variability within artificial and natural stream types. Field photograph interpretation corroborates statistical findings that the diverse variables effectively represent real-world conditions of both types. Overall, by blending natural characteristics and the degree of human intervention, our classification provides critical insights that enhance our ability to understand river behavior in heavily managed urbanized, agricultural, and wilderness regions. It holds significant promise for informing targeted restoration and conservation strategies, ultimately contributing to more effective river management and sustainable watershed planning.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)15 Life on Land (sdg)0402 Geochemistry (for)0403 Geology (for)0404 Geophysics (for)Geology (science-metrix)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rf8w536https://escholarship.org/content/qt3rf8w536/qt3rf8w536.pdfinfo:doi/10.1130/b38776.1articleGeological Society of America Bulletinoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt914501gx2026-09-17T17:48:32Zqt914501gxPushed to the edges? Electivity patterns of urban stream homeless encampments in environmentally burdened areasAlexander, SerenaWilliamson, BennettWootton, JeffRampini, CostanzaPasternack, Gregory BrianJin, YufangStoresund, RuneLacan, Igor2026-01-01Urban stream corridors in the San Francisco Bay Area have increasingly become locations for homeless encampments, yet little is known about the environmental conditions of these spaces. This study uses a geospatial electivity index to examine whether urban stream encampments in Santa Clara and Contra Costa counties are disproportionately located in census tracts with high pollution burdens, as measured by CalEnviroScreen 4.0. Findings show a statistically significant overrepresentation of encampments in census tracts in the top 25% of pollution and vulnerability scores, and a significant underrepresentation in lower-pollution areas. These results suggest that homeless individuals are being pushed toward environmentally hazardous areas, likely due to enforcement pressures, lack of viable alternatives, and land use patterns that concentrate polluting infrastructure and activities in low-resource areas. The findings have implications for environmental justice, public health, and urban policy, especially as CalEnviroScreen plays a central role in allocating state resources to disadvantaged communities.4406 Human Geography (for-2020)44 Human Society (for-2020)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Homelessness (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)1205 Urban and Regional Planning (for)1604 Human Geography (for)Urban & Regional Planning (science-metrix)3304 Urban and regional planning (for-2020)4406 Human geography (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/914501gxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt914501gx/qt914501gx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1080/07352166.2026.2702435articleJournal of Urban Affairs, vol ahead-of-print, iss ahead-of-print1 - 20oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4f62q3cf2026-09-17T17:20:34Zqt4f62q3cfSearch for long-lived particles using delayed photons in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD’Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, INiedziela, MRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, ALemaitre, VPrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M VidalVischia, PZobec, JAlves, FLAlves, GASilva, G CorreiaHensel, CMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloChagas, E Belchior Batista Das2019-12-01A search for long-lived particles decaying to photons and weakly interacting particles, using proton-proton collision data at s=13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2017 is presented. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb-1. Results are interpreted in the context of supersymmetry with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, where the neutralino is long-lived and decays to a photon and a gravitino. Limits are presented as a function of the neutralino proper decay length and mass. For neutralino proper decay lengths of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 m, masses up to 320, 525, 360, and 215 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, respectively. We extend the previous best limits in the neutralino proper decay length by up to one order of magnitude, and in the neutralino mass by up to 100 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f62q3cfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4f62q3cf/qt4f62q3cf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.100.112003articlePhysical Review D, vol 100, iss 11112003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1fp7x0gq2026-09-17T17:20:07Zqt1fp7x0gqSearch for the chiral magnetic effect with isobar collisions at sNN=200 GeV by the STAR Collaboration at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, A2022-01-01The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is predicted to occur as a consequence of a local violation of P and CP symmetries of the strong interaction amidst a strong electromagnetic field generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Experimental manifestation of the CME involves a separation of positively and negatively charged hadrons along the direction of the magnetic field. Previous measurements of the CME-sensitive charge-separation observables remain inconclusive because of large background contributions. To better control the influence of signal and backgrounds, the STAR Collaboration performed a blind analysis of a large data sample of approximately 3.8 billion isobar collisions of Ru4496+Ru4496 and Zr4096+Zr4096 at sNN=200 GeV. Prior to the blind analysis, the CME signatures are predefined as a significant excess of the CME-sensitive observables in Ru+Ru collisions over those in Zr+Zr collisions, owing to a larger magnetic field in the former. A precision down to 0.4% is achieved, as anticipated, in the relative magnitudes of the pertinent observables between the two isobar systems. Observed differences in the multiplicity and flow harmonics at the matching centrality indicate that the magnitude of the CME background is different between the two species. No CME signature that satisfies the predefined criteria has been observed in isobar collisions in this blind analysis.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fp7x0gqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1fp7x0gq/qt1fp7x0gq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.105.014901articlePhysical Review C, vol 105, iss 1014901oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9826d6th2026-09-17T17:20:00Zqt9826d6thInvestigation of the linear and mode-coupled flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeVCollaboration, STARAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, Y2020-10-01Flow harmonics ( v n ) of the Fourier expansion for the azimuthal distributions of hadrons are commonly employed to quantify the azimuthal anisotropy of particle production relative to the collision symmetry planes. While lower order Fourier coefficients ( v 2 and v 3 ) are more directly related to the corresponding eccentricities of the initial state, the higher-order flow harmonics ( v n > 3 ) can be induced by a mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, in addition to a linear response to the same-order anisotropies. These higher-order flow harmonics and their linear and mode-coupled contributions can be used to more precisely constrain the initial conditions and the transport properties of the medium in theoretical models. The multiparticle azimuthal cumulant method is used to measure the linear and mode-coupled contributions in the higher-order anisotropic flow, the mode-coupled response coefficients, and the correlations of the event plane angles for charged particles as functions of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy s N N = 200 GeV. The results are compared to similar LHC measurements as well as to several viscous hydrodynamic calculations with varying initial conditions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CollectivityCorrelationShear viscositynucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9826d6thhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9826d6th/qt9826d6th.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135728articlePhysics Letters B, vol 809135728oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3k1843rw2026-09-17T17:19:51Zqt3k1843rwBulk properties of the system formed in Au+Au collisions at sNN=14.5 GeV at the BNL STAR detectorAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-02-01We report systematic measurements of bulk properties of the system created in Au+Au collisions at sNN=14.5 GeV recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum spectra of π±, K±, and p(p¯) are studied at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) for nine centrality intervals. The centrality, transverse momentum (pT), and pseudorapidity (η) dependence of inclusive charged particle elliptic flow (v2), and rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow (v1) results near midrapidity are also presented. These measurements are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at other energies, and from Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. The results at sNN=14.5 GeV show similar behavior as established at other energies and fit well in the energy dependence trend. These results are important as the 14.5-GeV energy fills the gap in μB, which is of the order of 100 MeV, between sNN=11.5 and 19.6 GeV. Comparisons of the data with UrQMD and AMPT models show poor agreement in general.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k1843rwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3k1843rw/qt3k1843rw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.101.024905articlePhysical Review C, vol 101, iss 2024905oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5cx6r4zb2026-09-17T17:19:10Zqt5cx6r4zbTransient reprogramming primes the heart for repairGude, Natalie AFirouzi, FarehehSussman, Mark A2022-01-01OAE Publishing Inc. is an international scholarly publisher specializing in peer-reviewed academic journals. To promote academic exchange and knowledge sharing, OAE provides an outstanding academic platform for biomedical experts and scholars all over the world.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4610 Library and Information Studies (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cx6r4zbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5cx6r4zb/qt5cx6r4zb.pdfinfo:doi/10.20517/jca.2021.31articleThe Journal of Cardiovascular Aging, vol 2, iss 14oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6r49p1q72026-09-17T17:18:43Zqt6r49p1q7Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized proton collisions at s=510 GeVAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, A2022-05-01We report measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized proton-proton collisions at midrapidity and center-of-mass energy s=510 GeV, using the high luminosity data sample collected by the STAR experiment in 2013. These measurements complement and improve the precision of previous STAR measurements at the same center-of-mass energy that probe the polarized gluon distribution function at partonic momentum fraction 0.015≲x≲0.25. The dijet asymmetries are separated into four jet-pair topologies, which provide further constraints on the x dependence of the polarized gluon distribution function. These measurements are in agreement with previous STAR measurements and with predictions from current next-to-leading-order global analyses. They provide more precise data at low dijet invariant mass that will better constrain the shape of the polarized gluon distribution function of the proton.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r49p1q7https://escholarship.org/content/qt6r49p1q7/qt6r49p1q7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.105.092011articlePhysical Review D, vol 105, iss 9092011oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4qc2j1cq2026-09-17T17:18:36Zqt4qc2j1cqProbing strangeness canonical ensemble with K −, ϕ(1020) and Ξ− production in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeVCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, W2022-08-01We report the first multi-differential measurements of strange hadrons of K − , ϕ and Ξ − yields as well as the ratios of ϕ / K − and ϕ / Ξ − in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeV with the STAR experiment fixed target configuration at RHIC. The ϕ mesons and Ξ − hyperons are measured through hadronic decay channels, ϕ → K + K − and Ξ − → Λ π − . Collision centrality and rapidity dependence of the transverse momentum spectra for these strange hadrons are presented. The 4π yields and ratios are compared to thermal model and hadronic transport model predictions. At this collision energy, thermal model with grand canonical ensemble (GCE) under-predicts the ϕ / K − and ϕ / Ξ − ratios while the result of canonical ensemble (CE) calculations reproduce ϕ / K − , with the correlation length r c ∼ 2.7 fm, and ϕ / Ξ − , r c ∼ 4.2 fm, for the 0-10% central collisions. Hadronic transport models including high mass resonance decays could also describe the ratios. While thermal calculations with GCE work well for strangeness production in high energy collisions, the change to CE at 3 GeV implies a rather different medium property at high baryon density.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qc2j1cqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4qc2j1cq/qt4qc2j1cq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137152articlePhysics Letters B, vol 831137152oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt26x646nc2026-09-17T17:18:30Zqt26x646ncSearch for the Chiral Magnetic Effect via Charge-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations Relative to Spectator and Participant Planes in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeVAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MD2022-03-04The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to charge separation along a strong magnetic field due to imbalanced chirality of quarks in local parity and charge-parity violating domains in quantum chromodynamics. The experimental measurement of the charge separation is made difficult by the presence of a major background from elliptic azimuthal anisotropy. This background and the CME signal have different sensitivities to the spectator and participant planes, and could thus be determined by measurements with respect to these planes. We report such measurements in Au+Au collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. It is found that the charge separation, with the flow background removed, is consistent with zero in peripheral (large impact parameter) collisions. Some indication of finite CME signals is seen in midcentral (intermediate impact parameter) collisions. Significant residual background effects may, however, still be present.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR CollaborationNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/26x646nchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt26x646nc/qt26x646nc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.128.092301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 128, iss 9092301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0839g8x12026-09-17T17:18:24Zqt0839g8x1Light nuclei collectivity from s NN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHICCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbaev, AAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison, HHe, SHe, WHe, XH2022-04-01In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, partonic collectivity is evidenced by the constituent quark number scaling of elliptic flow anisotropy for identified hadrons. A breaking of this scaling and dominance of baryonic interactions is found for identified hadron collective flow measurements in s NN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. In this paper, we report measurements of the first- and second-order azimuthal anisotropic parameters, v 1 and v 2 , of light nuclei (d, t, 3He, 4He) produced in s NN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at the STAR experiment. An atomic mass number scaling is found in the measured v 1 slopes of light nuclei at mid-rapidity. For the measured v 2 magnitude, a strong rapidity dependence is observed. Unlike v 2 at higher collision energies, the v 2 values at mid-rapidity for all light nuclei are negative and no scaling is observed with the atomic mass number. Calculations by the Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model (JAM), with baryonic mean-field plus nucleon coalescence, are in good agreement with our observations, implying baryonic interactions dominate the collective dynamics in 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0839g8x1https://escholarship.org/content/qt0839g8x1/qt0839g8x1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.136941articlePhysics Letters B, vol 827136941oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hn1w0782026-09-17T17:18:17Zqt9hn1w078Comparison of transverse single-spin asymmetries for forward π0 production in polarized pp, pAl and pAu collisions at nucleon pair c.m. energy sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, Y2021-04-01The STAR collaboration reports a measurement of the transverse single-spin asymmetries, AN, for neutral pions produced in polarized proton collisions with protons (pp), with aluminum nuclei (pAl) and with gold nuclei (pAu) at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. Neutral pions are observed in the forward direction relative to the transversely polarized proton beam, in the pseudorapidity region 2.7<η<3.8. Results are presented for π0s observed in the STAR forward meson spectrometer electromagnetic calorimeter in narrow Feynman x (xF) and transverse momentum (pT) bins, spanning the range 0.172.5 GeV/c. It is further observed that the value of AN is significantly larger for events with a large-pT isolated π0 than for events with a nonisolated π0 accompanied by additional jetlike fragments. The nuclear dependence r(A) is similar for isolated and nonisolated π0 events.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hn1w078https://escholarship.org/content/qt9hn1w078/qt9hn1w078.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.072005articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 7072005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hp3t8hx2026-09-17T17:18:10Zqt9hp3t8hxMeasurements of W and Z/γ* cross sections and their ratios in p+p collisions at RHICAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, S2021-01-01We report on the W and Z/γ* differential and total cross sections as well as the W+/W- and (W++W-)/(Z/γ*) cross section ratios measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC in p+p collisions at s=500 GeV and 510 GeV. The cross sections and their ratios are sensitive to quark and antiquark parton distribution functions. In particular, at leading order, the W cross section ratio is sensitive to the d¯/u¯ ratio. These measurements were taken at high Q2∼MW2,MZ2 and can serve as input into global analyses to provide constraints on the sea quark distributions. The results presented here combine three STAR datasets from 2011, 2012, and 2013, accumulating an integrated luminosity of 350 pb-1. We also assess the expected impact that our W+/W- cross section ratios will have on various quark distributions, and find sensitivity to the u¯-d¯ and d¯/u¯ distributions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hp3t8hxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9hp3t8hx/qt9hp3t8hx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.012001articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 1012001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9520f9432026-09-17T17:18:04Zqt9520f943Beam-energy dependence of the directed flow of deuterons in Au+Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SL2020-10-01We present a measurement of the first-order azimuthal anisotropy v1 of deuterons from Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV recorded with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The energy dependence of the v1(y) slope, dv1/dy|y=0, for deuterons, where y is the rapidity, is extracted for semicentral collisions (10%–40% centrality) and compared with that of protons. While the v1(y) slopes of protons are generally negative for sNN>10GeV, those for deuterons are consistent with zero, a strong enhancement of the v1(y) slope of deuterons is seen at the lowest collision energy (the largest baryon density) at sNN=7.7GeV. In addition, we report the transverse momentum dependence of v1 for protons and deuterons. The experimental results are compared with transport and coalescence models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9520f943https://escholarship.org/content/qt9520f943/qt9520f943.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.044906articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 4044906oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3gj951ps2026-09-17T17:15:16Zqt3gj951psFirst Measurement of Λc Baryon Production in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2020-05-01We report on the first measurement of the charmed baryon Λ_{c}^{±} production at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The Λ_{c}/D^{0} [denoting (Λ_{c}^{+}+Λ_{c}^{-})/(D^{0}+D[over ¯]^{0})] yield ratio is measured to be 1.08±0.16 (stat)±0.26 (sys) in the 0%-20% most central Au+Au collisions for the transverse momentum (p_{T}) range 35106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gj951pshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3gj951ps/qt3gj951ps.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.124.172301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 124, iss 17172301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1ht405zj2026-09-17T17:15:07Zqt1ht405zjGlobal Polarization of Ξ and Ω Hyperons in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, Y2021-04-23Global polarization of Ξ and Ω hyperons has been measured for the first time in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements of the Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+} hyperon polarization have been performed by two independent methods, via analysis of the angular distribution of the daughter particles in the parity violating weak decay Ξ→Λ+π, as well as by measuring the polarization of the daughter Λ hyperon, polarized via polarization transfer from its parent. The polarization, obtained by combining the results from the two methods and averaged over Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+}, is measured to be ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩=0.47±0.10(stat)±0.23(syst)% for the collision centrality 20%-80%. The ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩ is found to be slightly larger than the inclusive Λ polarization and in reasonable agreement with a multiphase transport model. The ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩ is found to follow the centrality dependence of the vorticity predicted in the model, increasing toward more peripheral collisions. The global polarization of Ω, ⟨P_{Ω}⟩=1.11±0.87(stat)±1.97(syst)% was obtained by measuring the polarization of daughter Λ in the decay Ω→Λ+K, assuming the polarization transfer factor C_{ΩΛ}=1.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ht405zjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1ht405zj/qt1ht405zj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.126.162301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 126, iss 16162301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt10s8j4d82026-09-17T17:14:59Zqt10s8j4d8Cross-Scale Molecular Analysis of Chemical Heterogeneity in Shale RocksHao, ZhaoBechtel, Hans AKneafsey, TimothyGilbert, BenjaminNico, Peter S2018-02-07The organic and mineralogical heterogeneity in shale at micrometer and nanometer spatial scales contributes to the quality of gas reserves, gas flow mechanisms and gas production. Here, we demonstrate two molecular imaging approaches based on infrared spectroscopy to obtain mineral and kerogen information at these mesoscale spatial resolutions in large-sized shale rock samples. The first method is a modified microscopic attenuated total reflectance measurement that utilizes a large germanium hemisphere combined with a focal plane array detector to rapidly capture chemical images of shale rock surfaces spanning hundreds of micrometers with micrometer spatial resolution. The second method, synchrotron infrared nano-spectroscopy, utilizes a metallic atomic force microscope tip to obtain chemical images of micrometer dimensions but with nanometer spatial resolution. This chemically “deconvoluted” imaging at the nano-pore scale is then used to build a machine learning model to generate a molecular distribution map across scales with a spatial span of 1000 times, which enables high-throughput geochemical characterization in greater details across the nano-pore and micro-grain scales and allows us to identify co-localization of mineral phases with chemically distinct organics and even with gas phase sorbents. This characterization is fundamental to understand mineral and organic compositions affecting the behavior of shales.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/10s8j4d8https://escholarship.org/content/qt10s8j4d8/qt10s8j4d8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41598-018-20365-6articleScientific Reports, vol 8, iss 12552oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt63z6p1mv2026-09-17T17:14:34Zqt63z6p1mvThe Middle Science: Traversing Scale In Complex Many-Body SystemsClark, Aurora EAdams, HenryHernandez, RigobertoKrylov, Anna INiklasson, Anders MNSarupria, SapnaWang, YusuWild, Stefan MYang, Qian2021-08-25A roadmap is developed that integrates simulation methodology and data science methods to target new theories that traverse the multiple length- and time-scale features of many-body phenomena.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)03 Chemical Sciences (for)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/63z6p1mvinfo:doi/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00685articleACS Central Science, vol 7, iss 81271 - 1287oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0c86n1h42026-09-17T17:13:41Zqt0c86n1h4Microdiversity of an Abundant Terrestrial Bacterium Encompasses Extensive Variation in Ecologically Relevant TraitsChase, Alexander BKaraoz, UlasBrodie, Eoin LGomez-Lunar, ZulemaMartiny, Adam CMartiny, Jennifer BHZhou, Jizhong2017-12-29Much genetic diversity within a bacterial community is likely obscured by microdiversity within operational taxonomic units (OTUs) defined by 16S rRNA gene sequences. However, it is unclear how variation within this microdiversity influences ecologically relevant traits. Here, we employ a multifaceted approach to investigate microdiversity within the dominant leaf litter bacterium, Curtobacterium, which comprises 7.8% of the bacterial community at a grassland site undergoing global change manipulations. We use cultured bacterial isolates to interpret metagenomic data, collected in situ over 2 years, together with lab-based physiological assays to determine the extent of trait variation within this abundant OTU. The response of Curtobacterium to seasonal variability and the global change manipulations, specifically an increase in relative abundance under decreased water availability, appeared to be conserved across six Curtobacterium lineages identified at this site. Genomic and physiological analyses in the lab revealed that degradation of abundant polymeric carbohydrates within leaf litter, cellulose and xylan, is nearly universal across the genus, which may contribute to its high abundance in grassland leaf litter. However, the degree of carbohydrate utilization and temperature preference for this degradation varied greatly among clades. Overall, we find that traits within Curtobacterium are conserved at different phylogenetic depths. We speculate that similar to bacteria in marine systems, diverse microbes within this taxon may be structured in distinct ecotypes that are key to understanding Curtobacterium abundance and distribution in the environment.IMPORTANCE Despite the plummeting costs of sequencing, characterizing the fine-scale genetic diversity of a microbial community-and interpreting its functional importance-remains a challenge. Indeed, most studies, particularly studies of soil, assess community composition at a broad genetic level by classifying diversity into taxa (OTUs) defined by 16S rRNA sequence similarity. However, these classifications potentially obscure variation in traits that result in fine-scale ecological differentiation among closely related strains. Here, we investigated "microdiversity" in a highly diverse and poorly characterized soil system (leaf litter in a southern Californian grassland). We focused on the most abundant bacterium, Curtobacterium, which by standard methods is grouped into only one OTU. We find that the degree of carbohydrate usage and temperature preference vary within the OTU, whereas its responses to changes in precipitation are relatively uniform. These results suggest that microdiversity may be key to understanding how soil bacterial diversity is linked to ecosystem functioning.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Actinobacteria (mesh)Biological VariationPopulation (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)DNARibosomal (mesh)Environmental Microbiology (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Xylans (mesh)ActinobacteriaCurtobacteriumMicrobacteriaceaedroughtecotypesglycoside hydrolasesnitrogen additionActinobacteria (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Xylans (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)DNARibosomal (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Environmental Microbiology (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Biological VariationPopulation (mesh)ActinobacteriaCurtobacteriumMicrobacteriaceaedroughtecotypesglycoside hydrolasesnitrogen additionActinobacteria (mesh)Biological VariationPopulation (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)DNARibosomal (mesh)Environmental Microbiology (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Xylans (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c86n1h4https://escholarship.org/content/qt0c86n1h4/qt0c86n1h4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1128/mbio.01809-17articlemBio, vol 8, iss 610.1128/mbio.01809 - 10.1128/mbio.01817oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5jp2r6wv2026-09-17T17:13:27Zqt5jp2r6wvMeasurements of Proton High-Order Cumulants in sNN=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions and Implications for the QCD Critical PointAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, A2022-05-20We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (p_{T}) within -0.55106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR CollaborationNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jp2r6wvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5jp2r6wv/qt5jp2r6wv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.128.202303articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 128, iss 20202303oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4wv5990p2026-09-17T17:13:16Zqt4wv5990pMeasurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates and constraints on its couplings from a combined ATLAS and CMS analysis of the LHC pp collision data at s=7 and 8 TeVThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2016-08-01Combined ATLAS and CMS measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates, as well as constraints on its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The combination is based on the analysis of five production processes, namely gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or a Z boson or a pair of top quarks, and of the six decay modes H → ZZ, W W , γγ, ττ, bb, and μμ. All results are reported assuming a value of 125.09 GeV for the Higgs boson mass, the result of the combined measurement by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The analysis uses the CERN LHC proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities per experiment of approximately 5 fb−1 at s=7$$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV and 20 fb−1 at s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV. The Higgs boson production and decay rates measured by the two experiments are combined within the context of three generic parameterisations: two based on cross sections and branching fractions, and one on ratios of coupling modifiers. Several interpretations of the measurements with more model-dependent parameterisations are also given. The combined signal yield relative to the Standard Model prediction is measured to be 1.09 ± 0.11. The combined measurements lead to observed significances for the vector boson fusion production process and for the H → ττ decay of 5.4 and 5.5 standard deviations, respectively. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions for all parameterisations considered.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)Higgs physicsHadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)Higgs physicshep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wv5990phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4wv5990p/qt4wv5990p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep08(2016)045articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2016, iss 845oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0q54g2d12026-09-17T17:10:10Zqt0q54g2d1The CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments at LNGSD’Addabbo, AAlduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSDafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KELiu, XG., YMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNapolitano, TNones, CNorman, EBNucciotti, AO’Donnell, TOrio, FOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, C2017-01-01The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a 1-ton scale bolometric experiment devoted to the search of the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in 130Te. The CUORE detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals operated at 10 mK. CUORE-0 is the CUORE demonstrator: it has been built to test the performance of the upcoming CUORE experiment and represents the largest 130Te bolometric setup ever operated. CUORE-0 has been running at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) from 2013 to 2015. The final CUORE-0 analysis on 0νββ and the corresponding detector performance are presented. The present status of the CUORE experiment, now in its final construction and commissioning phase, are discussed. The results from assembly of the detector and the commissioning of the cryostat are reported.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-detNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and accelerators (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q54g2d1https://escholarship.org/content/qt0q54g2d1/qt0q54g2d1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/epjconf/201716407047articleEPJ Web of Conferences, vol 164, iss 107047oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7hz1s0xc2026-09-17T17:09:40Zqt7hz1s0xcLocal Thermal Conductivity Patterning in Rotating Lattice Crystals of Anisotropic Sb2S3Isotta, EleonoraWynnychenko, RosemaryMukherjee, BinayakKaman, JackSahasrabuddhe, HrushikeshZheng, JiongzhiJain, AnubhavHautier, GeoffroyZevalkink, AlexandraMusterman, EvanDierolf, VolkmarJain, HimanshuSnyder, G JeffreyBalogun, Oluwaseyi2026-02-01Abstract The ability to control material heat transport properties over space and time can drive advanced functionalities in thermal management for electronics and system‐on‐chip, and enable thermal circuits. Despite the technological relevance, there are limited demonstrations of local thermal property control. Rotating lattice single (RLS) crystals—formed via laser‐induced crystallization of an amorphous substrate—offer a novel avenue for local crystal engineering, unlocking opportunities for microscale property patterning. Here, thermal conductivity (?) imaging is applied to RLS crystals of Sb 2 S 3 to resolve microscale ? variations across patterned regions. Amorphous areas exhibit ? as low as 0.6 Wm −1 K −1 , while crystalline regions display periodic ? variations from 0.7 to over 2.5 Wm −1 K −1 . These variations correspond to changes in crystal orientation, revealing marked ? anisotropy. The crystal out‐of‐plane direction (c axis)—featuring van der Waals bonds—shows amorphous‐like transport, whereas in‐plane directions (a, b axes) exhibit 3.5x and 1.7x larger ?, respectively. First‐principles calculations, in excellent agreement with experiments, suggest that the in‐plane anisotropy originates from expressed Sb lone pairs, which impart a corrugation along the b axis affecting bond stiffness and ?. These findings demonstrate microscale control of thermal properties via laser‐processed metastructures, with significant implications for next‐generation thermal management.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)frequency domain thermoreflectancelone pair expressionthermal circuitsthermal conductivity imagingthermal conductivity patterning02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Materials (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hz1s0xchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7hz1s0xc/qt7hz1s0xc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/adfm.202517850articleAdvanced Functional Materials, vol 36, iss 16oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7dq8w9g02026-09-17T17:08:58Zqt7dq8w9g0Trapping a cross-linked lysine–tryptophan radical in the catalytic cycle of the radical SAM enzyme SuiBBalo, Aidin RCaruso, AlessioTao, LizhiTantillo, Dean JSeyedsayamdost, Mohammad RBritt, R David2021-05-25The radical S-adenosylmethionine (rSAM) enzyme SuiB catalyzes the formation of an unusual carbon-carbon bond between the sidechains of lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp) in the biosynthesis of a ribosomal peptide natural product. Prior work on SuiB has suggested that the Lys-Trp cross-link is formed via radical electrophilic aromatic substitution (rEAS), in which an auxiliary [4Fe-4S] cluster (AuxI), bound in the SPASM domain of SuiB, carries out an essential oxidation reaction during turnover. Despite the prevalence of auxiliary clusters in over 165,000 rSAM enzymes, direct evidence for their catalytic role has not been reported. Here, we have used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to dissect the SuiB mechanism. Our studies reveal substrate-dependent redox potential tuning of the AuxI cluster, constraining it to the oxidized [4Fe-4S]2+ state, which is active in catalysis. We further report the trapping and characterization of an unprecedented cross-linked Lys-Trp radical (Lys-Trp•) in addition to the organometallic Ω intermediate, providing compelling support for the proposed rEAS mechanism. Finally, we observe oxidation of the Lys-Trp• intermediate by the redox-tuned [4Fe-4S]2+ AuxI cluster by EPR spectroscopy. Our findings provide direct evidence for a role of a SPASM domain auxiliary cluster and consolidate rEAS as a mechanistic paradigm for rSAM enzyme-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Catalysis (mesh)CloningMolecular (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Genetic Vectors (mesh)Iron-Sulfur Proteins (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Lysine (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformationalpha-Helical (mesh)Protein Conformationbeta-Strand (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Ribosomal Proteins (mesh)S-Adenosylmethionine (mesh)Streptococcus (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)Thermodynamics (mesh)Tryptophan (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Streptococcus (mesh)Lysine (mesh)Tryptophan (mesh)S-Adenosylmethionine (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Iron-Sulfur Proteins (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Ribosomal Proteins (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)CloningMolecular (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Genetic Vectors (mesh)Catalysis (mesh)Thermodynamics (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Conformationalpha-Helical (mesh)Protein Conformationbeta-Strand (mesh)EPR spectroscopybiochemistrybioinorganic chemistrychemical biologyenzymologyBacterial Proteins (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Catalysis (mesh)CloningMolecular (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Genetic Vectors (mesh)Iron-Sulfur Proteins (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Lysine (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformationalpha-Helical (mesh)Protein Conformationbeta-Strand (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Ribosomal Proteins (mesh)S-Adenosylmethionine (mesh)Streptococcus (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)Thermodynamics (mesh)Tryptophan (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dq8w9g0https://escholarship.org/content/qt7dq8w9g0/qt7dq8w9g0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.2101571118articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 118, iss 21e2101571118oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt42x440022026-09-17T17:05:59Zqt42x44002Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancersJiang, XiaFinucane, Hilary KSchumacher, Fredrick RSchmit, Stephanie LTyrer, Jonathan PHan, YounghunMichailidou, KyriakiLesseur, CorinaKuchenbaecker, Karoline BDennis, JoeConti, David VCasey, GrahamGaudet, Mia MHuyghe, Jeroen RAlbanes, DemetriusAldrich, Melinda CAndrew, Angeline SAndrulis, Irene LAnton-Culver, HodaAntoniou, Antonis CAntonenkova, Natalia NArnold, Susanne MAronson, Kristan JArun, Banu KBandera, Elisa VBarkardottir, Rosa BBarnes, Daniel RBatra, JyotsnaBeckmann, Matthias WBenitez, JavierBenlloch, SaraBerchuck, AndrewBerndt, Sonja IBickeböller, HeikeBien, Stephanie ABlomqvist, CarlBoccia, StefaniaBogdanova, Natalia VBojesen, Stig EBolla, Manjeet KBrauch, HiltrudBrenner, HermannBrenton, James DBrook, Mark NBrunet, JoanBrunnström, HansBuchanan, Daniel DBurwinkel, BarbaraButzow, RalfCadoni, GabriellaCaldés, TrinidadCaligo, Maria ACampbell, IanCampbell, Peter TCancel-Tassin, GéraldineCannon-Albright, LisaCampa, DanieleCaporaso, NeilCarvalho, André LChan, Andrew TChang-Claude, JennyChanock, Stephen JChen, ChuChristiani, David CClaes, Kathleen BMClaessens, FrankClements, JudithCollée, J MargrietCorrea, Marcia CruzCouch, Fergus JCox, AngelaCunningham, Julie MCybulski, CezaryCzene, KamilaDaly, Mary BdeFazio, AnnaDevilee, PeterDiez, OrlandGago-Dominguez, ManuelaDonovan, Jenny LDörk, ThiloDuell, Eric JDunning, Alison MDwek, MiriamEccles, Diana MEdlund, Christopher KEdwards, Digna R VelezEllberg, CarolinaEvans, D GarethFasching, Peter AFerris, Robert LLiloglou, TriantafillosFigueiredo, Jane CFletcher, OliviaFortner, Renée TFostira, FlorentiaFranceschi, SilviaFriedman, EitanGallinger, Steven JGanz, Patricia A2019-01-25Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (rg = 0.57, p = 4.6 × 10−8), breast and ovarian cancer (rg = 0.24, p = 7 × 10−5), breast and lung cancer (rg = 0.18, p =1.5 × 10−6) and breast and colorectal cancer (rg = 0.15, p = 1.1 × 10−4). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis (for-2020)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Ovarian Cancer (rcdc)Urologic Diseases (rcdc)Digestive Diseases (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease (rcdc)Lung Cancer (rcdc)Cancer Genomics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Breast Cancer (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Colo-Rectal Cancer (rcdc)Lung (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Case-Control Studies (mesh)Colorectal Neoplasms (mesh)Female (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Head and Neck Neoplasms (mesh)Humans (mesh)Inheritance Patterns (mesh)Lung Neoplasms (mesh)Male (mesh)Mental Disorders (mesh)Neoplasm Proteins (mesh)Ovarian Neoplasms (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Prostatic Neoplasms (mesh)Smoking (mesh)White People (mesh)Humans (mesh)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Colorectal Neoplasms (mesh)Ovarian Neoplasms (mesh)Head and Neck Neoplasms (mesh)Lung Neoplasms (mesh)Prostatic Neoplasms (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Neoplasm Proteins (mesh)Case-Control Studies (mesh)Smoking (mesh)Mental Disorders (mesh)Inheritance Patterns (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)White People (mesh)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Case-Control Studies (mesh)Colorectal Neoplasms (mesh)Female (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Head and Neck Neoplasms (mesh)Humans (mesh)Inheritance Patterns (mesh)Lung Neoplasms (mesh)Male (mesh)Mental Disorders (mesh)Neoplasm Proteins (mesh)Ovarian Neoplasms (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Prostatic Neoplasms (mesh)Smoking (mesh)White People (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/42x44002https://escholarship.org/content/qt42x44002/qt42x44002.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-018-08054-4articleNature Communications, vol 10, iss 1431oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2vm8g9d42026-09-17T17:05:33Zqt2vm8g9d4Meeting Highlights The 4th Marie Skłodowska-Curie Symposium on cancer research and care: Mechanisms of support for regional & international collaborationsKalinski, PawelKokolus, Kathleen MAhluwalia, InduBalu, MihaelaBalwicki, ŁukaszBaran, BrygidaBeine, LorettaBerezin, MikhailBerindan-Neagoe, IoanaBeznosenko, AndriyBorowiec, BlankaBozsányi, SzabolcsBramson, JonathanCzerniecki, BrianEveratt, RūtaFendler, WojciechForsyth, PeterGershenwald, Jeffrey EGoniewicz, MaciejGuru, KhurshidHyland, AndrewJames, SmithaKirac, IvaKoczkodaj, PawelKotula, LeszekŁuba, MaciejŁugowska, IwonaLuke, ElizabethLungulescu, CristianMatosevic, SandroNanavati, KaushalNemeth, MichaelNowak, KarolinaNoyes, KatiaParascandola, MarkPriebe, WaldemarRutkowski, PiotrSeshadri, MukundSheffer, Christine EStanciu, Ioana-MirunaStanson, JoannaStewart, TelisaSužiedėlienė, EditaSužiedėlis, KęstutisTanasiichuk, IrynaVlad, Anda MWei, Wei-ZenWilliams, DylanWojtowicz, MalgorzataZdrojewski, Tomasz2025-01-01The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Symposia on Cancer Research and Care (MSCS-CRC) promote collaborations between cancer researchers and care providers in the United States, Canada and Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) to accelerate the development of new cancer therapies, new strategies for early detection and prevention, and improve cancer care and the quality of life for patients and their families. The 4th MSCS-CRC (September 25-27, 2024, Buffalo, New York) brought together 147 participants from the US, Canada, Croatia, Czechia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine, and involved representatives of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Cancer Institute (NCI) and their counterparts from Poland, Ukraine Lithuania and other CEECs. They were accompanied by New York State (NYS) and local representatives of the NYS Empire State Development, and of the Translational Research Consortium of Cancer Centers (TRCCC), involving 13 cancer centers from the Northeastern US and Canada, as well as several Pharma and Biotech companies. The 4th Meeting focused on prevention and early detection of smoking- and HPV-related cancers, reducing disparities in cancer detection-, care and outcomes, and increasing the feasibility and reducing costs of high-end treatments, such as cell therapies for patients with advanced cancers. The second focus area were the available sources of funding of regional and international collaborations in these areas. The relevance of the successful model TRCC to promoting the oncology training and research collaborations in the CEE Countries was discussed. The 5th MSCR-CRC meeting will take place September 3-5, 2025, in Warsaw, Poland.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Cancer (rcdc)Health Services (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Cancer (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Humans (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)International Cooperation (mesh)United States (mesh)Canada (mesh)Poland (mesh)Biomedical Research (mesh)Medical Oncology (mesh)Humans (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)Medical Oncology (mesh)Biomedical Research (mesh)International Cooperation (mesh)Canada (mesh)United States (mesh)Poland (mesh)Symposiumcancer careinternational collaborationscancer researchregional collaborationsHumans (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)International Cooperation (mesh)United States (mesh)Canada (mesh)Poland (mesh)Biomedical Research (mesh)Medical Oncology (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vm8g9d4https://escholarship.org/content/qt2vm8g9d4/qt2vm8g9d4.pdfinfo:doi/10.36740/wlek/202370articleWiadomości Lekarskie, vol 78, iss 2232 - 247oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4kv4b6q82026-09-17T17:02:01Zqt4kv4b6q8Correction to “High Hydroquinone Emissions from Burning Manzanita”Jen, Coty NLiang, YutongHatch, Lindsay EKreisberg, Nathan MStamatis, ChristosKristensen, KasperBattles, John JStephens, Scott LYork, Robert ABarsanti, Kelley CGoldstein, Allen H2019-06-11An addition to the Acknowledgments of our paper is required. It is as follows: This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4105 Pollution and Contamination (for-2020)0502 Environmental Science and Management (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)1002 Environmental Biotechnology (for)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)4105 Pollution and contamination (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kv4b6q8https://escholarship.org/content/qt4kv4b6q8/qt4kv4b6q8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00315articleEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters, vol 6, iss 6378 - 378oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9bz4t14n2026-09-17T17:01:32Zqt9bz4t14nDifferential cross-section measurements of Higgs boson production in the H → τ+τ− decay channel in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAakvaag, EAbbott, BAbdelhameed, SAbeling, KAbicht, NJAbidi, SHAboelela, MAboulhorma, AAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAckermann, AAdam Bourdarios, CAdamczyk, LAddepalli, SVAddison, MJAdelman, JAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgaras, MNAgarwala, JAggarwal, AAgheorghiesei, CAhmadov, FAhmed, WSAhuja, SAi, XAielli, GAikot, AAit Tamlihat, MAitbenchikh, BAkbiyik, MÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAkiyama, DAkolkar, NNAktas, SAl Khoury, KAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlbouy, GLAlderweireldt, SAlegria, ZLAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlfonsi, FAlgren, MAlhroob, MAli, BAli, HMJAli, SAlibocus, SWAliev, MAlimonti, GAlkakhi, WAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, JSAllen, JFAllendes Flores, CAAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlsolami, ZMKAlvarez Estevez, MAlvarez Fernandez, AAlves Cardoso, MAlviggi, MGAly, MAmaral Coutinho, YAmbler, AAmelung, CAmerl, MAmes, CGAmidei, DAmini, BAmirie, KJAmor Dos Santos, SPAmos, KRAmperiadou, DAn, SAnaniev, VAnastopoulos, CAndeen, TAnders, JKAnderson, ACAndrean, SYAndreazza, AAngelidakis, SAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, A2025-03-04Differential measurements of Higgs boson production in the τ-lepton-pair decay channel are presented in the gluon fusion, vector-boson fusion (VBF), VH and tt¯H$$ t\overline{t}H $$ associated production modes, with particular focus on the VBF production mode. The data used to perform the measurements correspond to 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Two methods are used to perform the measurements: the Simplified Template Cross-Section (STXS) approach and an Unfolded Fiducial Differential measurement considering only the VBF phase space. For the STXS measurement, events are categorized by their production mode and kinematic properties such as the Higgs boson’s transverse momentum (pTH$$ {p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}} $$), the number of jets produced in association with the Higgs boson, or the invariant mass of the two leading jets (mjj). For the VBF production mode, the ratio of the measured cross-section to the Standard Model prediction for mjj > 1.5 TeV and pTH$$ {p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}} $$ > 200 GeV (pTH$$ {p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}} $$ < 200 GeV) is 1.29−0.34+0.39$$ {1.29}_{-0.34}^{+0.39} $$ (0.12−0.33+0.34$$ {0.12}_{-0.33}^{+0.34} $$). This is the first VBF measurement for the higher-pTH$$ {p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}} $$ criteria, and the most precise for the lower-pTH$$ {p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}} $$ criteria. The fiducial cross-section measurements, which only consider the kinematic properties of the event, are performed as functions of variables characterizing the VBF topology, such as the signed ∆ϕjj between the two leading jets. The measurements have a precision of 30%–50% and agree well with the Standard Model predictions. These results are interpreted in the SMEFT framework, and place the strongest constraints to date on the CP-odd Wilson coefficient cHW~$$ {c}_{H\overset{\sim }{W}} $$.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Higgs PhysicsHadron-Hadron ScatteringUnfolding0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bz4t14nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9bz4t14n/qt9bz4t14n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep03(2025)010articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2025, iss 310oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5z01m0wp2026-09-17T17:01:20Zqt5z01m0wpCandidate strongly lensed type Ia supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility archiveTownsend, ANordin, JCarracedo, A SaguésKowalski, MArendse, NDhawan, SGoobar, AJohansson, JMörtsell, ESchulze, SAndreoni, IFernández, EKim, AGNugent, PEPrada, FRigault, MSarin, NSharma, DBellm, ECCoughlin, MWDekany, RGroom, SLLacroix, LLaher, RRRiddle, RAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBrooks, DClaybaugh, Tde la Macorra, ADey, ADey, BDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHonscheid, KHowlett, CKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMyers, ADNie, JPalanque-Delabrouille, NPoppett, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GZou, H2025-02-01Context. Gravitationally lensed type Ia supernovae (glSNe Ia) are unique astronomical tools that can be used to study cosmological parameters, distributions of dark matter, the astrophysics of the supernovae, and the intervening lensing galaxies themselves. A small number of highly magnified glSNe Ia have been discovered by ground-based telescopes such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), but simulations predict that a fainter, undetected population may also exist. Aims. We present a systematic search for glSNe Ia in the ZTF archive of alerts distributed from June 1 2019 to September 1 2022. Methods. Using the AMPEL platform, we developed a pipeline that distinguishes candidate glSNe Ia from other variable sources. Initial cuts were applied to the ZTF alert photometry (with constraints on the peak absolute magnitude and the distance to a catalogue-matched galaxy, as examples) before forced photometry was obtained for the remaining candidates. Additional cuts were applied to refine the candidates based on their light curve colours, lens galaxy colours, and the resulting parameters from fits to the SALT2 SN Ia template. The candidates were also cross-matched with the DESI spectroscopic catalogue. Results. Seven transients were identified that passed all the cuts and had an associated galaxy DESI redshift, which we present as glSN Ia candidates. Although superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) cannot be fully rejected as contaminants, two events, ZTF19abpjicm and ZTF22aahmovu, are significantly different from typical SLSNe and their light curves can be modelled as two-image glSN Ia systems. From this two-image modelling, we estimate time delays of 22 ± 3 and 34 ± 1 days for the two events, respectively, which suggests that we have uncovered a population of glSNe Ia with longer time delays. Conclusions. The pipeline is efficient and sensitive enough to parse full alert streams. It is currently being applied to the live ZTF alert stream to identify and follow-up future candidates while active. This pipeline could be the foundation for glSNe Ia searches in future surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)gravitational lensing: strongmethods: observationaltechniques: photometricsupernovae: general0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z01m0wphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5z01m0wp/qt5z01m0wp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/202451082articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 694a146oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt05z2g64b2026-09-17T17:01:05Zqt05z2g64bResults from the LUX dark matter experimentHorn, MarkusAkerib, DSAraújo, HMBai, XBailey, AJBalajthy, JBernard, EBernstein, ABradley, AByram, DCahn, SBCarmona-Benitez, MCChan, CChapman, JJChiller, AAChiller, CCurrie, Ade Viveiros, LDobi, ADobson, JDruszkiewicz, EEdwards, BFaham, CHFiorucci, SFlores, CGaitskell, RJGehman, VMGhag, CGibson, KRGilchriese, MGDHall, CHanhardt, MHaselschwardt, SHertel, SAHuang, DQIhm, MJacobsen, RGKazkaz, KKnoche, RLarsen, NALee, CLenardo, BLesko, KTLindote, ALopes, MIMalling, DCMannino, RMcKinsey, DNMei, D-MMock, JMoongweluwan, MMorad, JMurphyNehrkorn, CNelson, HNeves, FOtt, RAPangilinan, MParker, PDPease, EKPech, KPhelps, PReichhart, LShutt, TSilva, CSolovov, VNSorensen, PO׳Sullivan, KSumner, TJSzydagis, MTaylor, DTennyson, BTiedt, DRTripathi, MUvarov, SVerbus, JRWalsh, NWebb, RWhite, JTWitherell, MSWolfs, FLHWoods, MZhang, CCollaboration, On behalf of the LUX2015-06-01The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world׳s most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Dark matterWIMPLiquid xenonTime projection chamber0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/05z2g64binfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2014.11.033articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 784504 - 507oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0ds6p9vg2026-09-17T16:57:15Zqt0ds6p9vgEvidence for Top Quark Production in Nucleus-Nucleus CollisionsSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NLechner, LLiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VLitomin, AMakarenko, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XKello, TLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD’Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SPython, QTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PBeghin, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKMakarenko, IMoureaux, LPétré, LPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWezenbeek, LCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, INiedziela, MRoskas, CSkovpen, KTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MBruno, GBury, FCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MDonertas, ISGiammanco, ALemaitre, VPrisciandaro, JSaggio, ATaliercio, ATeklishyn, MVischia, PWuyckens, SZobec, JAlves, GASilva, G Correia2020-11-27Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions recreate in the laboratory the thermodynamical conditions prevailing in the early universe up to 10^{-6} sec, thereby allowing the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter with deconfined partons. The top quark, the heaviest elementary particle known, is accessible in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC, and constitutes a novel probe of the QGP. Here, we report the first evidence for the production of top quarks in nucleus-nucleus collisions, using lead-lead collision data at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment. Two methods are used to measure the cross section for top quark pair production (σ_{tt[over ¯]}) via the selection of charged leptons (electrons or muons) and bottom quarks. One method relies on the leptonic information alone, and the second one exploits, in addition, the presence of bottom quarks. The measured cross sections, σ_{tt[over ¯]}=2.54_{-0.74}^{+0.84} and 2.03_{-0.64}^{+0.71} μb, respectively, are compatible with expectations from scaled proton-proton data and QCD predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMS Collaborationhep-exhep-exnucl-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ds6p9vghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0ds6p9vg/qt0ds6p9vg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.125.222001articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 125, iss 22222001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7k82z6732026-09-17T16:56:59Zqt7k82z673Beyond the Pre‐Equilibrium Approximation: Consequences of Elementary Step (Ir)reversibility on the Mechanistic Interpretation of Tafel SlopeRazdan, Neil K2026-06-15The relationship between electrochemical potential and reaction rate-or Tafel slope-is fundamental to the study of multi-step charge transfer reactions. However, despite its importance and ubiquitous use, Tafel slope is seldom interpreted outside of "cardinal" values. The mechanistic interpretation of cardinal Tafel slopes is predicated on the pre-equilibrium approximation (PEA): that the path between the (catalyst) resting state and rate-determining step is in equilibrium. This stringent approximation severely limits opportunities to elicit mechanistic information from electrochemical processes. In this Scientific Perspective, we broaden the existing framework for mechanistic interpretation of Tafel slope through a simple, universal equation that generally describes Tafel slope in terms of elementary-step symmetry factors and approach-to-equilibrium (i.e., approach to PEA accuracy). The predictiveness and mechanistic utility of these theoretical developments are showcased through analysis of experimental data available in the literature for a broad range of electrochemical and thermochemical catalytic reactions, including O2, H2, Cl2, and CO redox. The learnings accrued in these case studies inform kinetic studies of all multi-step charge transfer reactions and are particularly relevant for mixed-potential-driven mechanisms of thermochemical catalysis, which in recent years have been shown to be preponderant at metal-liquid interfaces.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)degree of rate controlpre-equilibriumreversibilityTafel slopetransfer coefficientTafel slopedegree of rate controlpre‐equilibriumreversibilitytransfer coefficient03 Chemical Sciences (for)Organic Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7k82z673https://escholarship.org/content/qt7k82z673/qt7k82z673.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/anie.1052729articleAngewandte Chemie International Edition, vol 65, iss 25e1052729oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1rj4n5wm2026-09-17T16:56:43Zqt1rj4n5wmA PKA-selective inhibitor captures an open but more ordered conformation of the PKA catalytic subunitBruystens, Jessica GHWu, JianTan, GeraldBertinetti, DanielaZenn, Hans-MichaelZimmermann, BastianChen, LisaKöckenberger, JohannesMassaro, FedericaSankaran, BanumathiWalters, Matthew SVeglia, GianluigiFerguson, Fleur MHerberg, Friedrich WTaylor, Susan S2026-05-12The structure of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA-C), a prototype for the protein kinase superfamily, laid the foundation for the development of targeted kinase inhibitors. Here we describe the structure and biophysical characterization of a PKA-C complex with BLU0588, a small PKA-selective inhibitor. The high-resolution crystal structure not only captures the inhibitor's unusual T-shaped geometry, but also shows how the four rings of BLU0588 serve as surrogates for ATP's adenosine and phosphate-organizing sites. Each site contains two subsites. BLU0588's planar azaindole and pyridine rings, which are buried beneath the glycine-rich loop in a hydrophobic shell at the base of the active site cleft, fill the adenine and ribose subsites. In contrast, BLU0588's indane and pyrrolidine rings fill the phosphate-organizing site. The indane ring occupies the α/β-phosphate organizing site while the pyrrolidine ring fills the Mg/γ-phosphate organizing site. The structure also shows how BLU0588 nucleates an open but stable conformation of the entire hydrophobic architecture of the N- and C-lobes. In addition to potently blocking phosphoryl transfer activity, BLU0588 also abolishes the synergistic high-affinity binding of the physiological pseudosubstrate inhibitor, protein kinase inhibitor. The residence time of BLU0588, measured by surface plasmon residence, contributes to its picomolar affinity and is distinct from H89, a commonly used but more promiscuous PKA inhibitor. These molecular insights provide a valuable framework for dissecting the organization of the active site cleft as well as different strategies for the rational design of more potent and selective kinase inhibitors in general.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Catalytic Domain (mesh)Protein Kinase Inhibitors (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits (mesh)cAMP-dependent protein kinasecatalytic subunitPKA-selective inhibitorcrystal structureSPR measurementCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (mesh)Protein Kinase Inhibitors (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits (mesh)PKA-selective inhibitorSPR measurementcAMP-dependent protein kinasecatalytic subunitcrystal structureCatalytic Domain (mesh)Protein Kinase Inhibitors (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rj4n5wmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1rj4n5wm/qt1rj4n5wm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.2536312123articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 123, iss 19e2536312123oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9xr2b2sh2026-09-17T16:53:54Zqt9xr2b2shIonic gel-mediated synthesis of nanostructured chiral 2D halide perovskites with amplified chiroptical responseLee, Do-KyoungMoral, Raphael FBabbe, FinnKodalle, TimRoncoroni, FabriceJayakumar, HarishankarZhou, KunZhou, YuanyuanLee, Yen JeaAbel, Brooks ASchwartz, Craig PSutter-Fella, Carolin M2026-08-29Chiroptical properties in metal halide perovskites typically arise from asymmetric crystal structures induced by chiral organic molecules during synthesis or chiral additives. However, the synthesis of two-dimensional chiral halide perovskites with sufficiently high dissymmetry factors for practical applications remains challenging. Herein, we present a two-step ionic gel-mediated nucleation and recrystallization reaction, enabling the synthesis of nanostructured chiral halide perovskite films exhibiting large intrinsic circular dichroism dissymmetry factors (gCD) up to 10−2. The ionic gel mediates the reaction between lead(II) iodide (PbI2) and R/S-methylbenzylammonium iodide (R/S-MBAI), to facilitate the formation of higher-order iodoplumbate PbI3- and oligomeric Pb-I-MBA species, which recrystallize during heat treatment as anisotropic nanostructures without preferential orientation. Ionic gel-mediated films exhibit a very pronounced peak splitting originating from a well-defined exciton fine structure and narrow photoluminescence linewidth. This is indicative of the presence of electron-hole exchange interactions and minimized structural disorder in the material leading to significantly amplified chiroptical response. This work demonstrates a synthesis route for nanostructured chiral MBA2PbI4 films, whose unique structural feature with reduced crystalline imperfection enables amplified circular dichroism and gCD response.3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xr2b2shhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9xr2b2sh/qt9xr2b2sh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-026-77274-warticleNature Communicationsoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51z8z3n42026-09-17T16:53:33Zqt51z8z3n4Σ¯± production in pp and p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with ALICEAbualrob, IJAcharya, SRinella, G AglieriAglietta, LAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZULAkindinov, AAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfanda, HMMolina, R AlfaroAli, BAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltamura, ARAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAndronov, EAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArata, CArcelli, SArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DAlba, JL BazoBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBhattarai, SBianchi, LBielčík, J2026-02-09The transverse momentum spectra and integrated yields of anti-Σ$$\Sigma $$ hyperons (Σ¯±$$\overline{\Sigma }^{\pm } $$) have been measured in pp$$\text {pp}$$ and p-Pb$$\text {p}{-}\text {Pb}$$ collisions at sNN=5.02$$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}=5.02$$ TeV with the ALICE experiment. Measurements are performed via the newly accessed decay channel Σ¯±→n¯π±$$\overline{\Sigma }^{\pm } \!\!\rightarrow \mathrm{\overline{n}} \pi ^{\pm }$$. A new method of antineutron reconstruction with the PHOS electromagnetic spectrometer is developed and applied to this analysis. The pT$$p_{\textrm{T}}$$ spectra of Σ¯±$$\overline{\Sigma }^{\pm } $$ are measured in the range 0.55106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51z8z3n4https://escholarship.org/content/qt51z8z3n4/qt51z8z3n4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15129-2articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 86, iss 2132oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08k7x5np2026-09-17T16:53:19Zqt08k7x5npA systematic review investigating policy design and implementation of US state and local policy to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco productsPayán, Denise DHerrera, Ana LChan-Golston, Alec MYacoub, Hannah LSong, Anna VTimberlake, David S2026-07-22INTRODUCTION: State and local jurisdictions in the United States are increasingly adopting flavored tobacco sales restrictions (FTSRs) to mitigate tobacco initiation and use. Policy implementation is highly understudied yet can impact policy effectiveness. This review examines existing literature on state and local FTSR policy design and implementation in the United States.
METHODS: We systematically searched for PubMed articles published by December 31, 2024 which were: original research articles in English focused on a US state or local FTSR that reported at least one policy implementation outcome measure. We excluded articles that were systematic reviews or reported on federal or non-FTSR policy. Guided by policy and implementation science frameworks, we developed a data extraction template to report: policy design elements, study characteristics, and implementation measures (ie, inputs, activities, outcomes).
RESULTS: Of 1595 articles identified, 30 were retained for review. Most evaluated local FTSRs, and eight evaluated a statewide policy. Pre-post test and cross-sectional study designs were the most common. Frequently reported implementation outcomes were acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and fidelity/compliance. Studies with pre-post test designs and comparison groups showed significantly increased fidelity/compliance (ie, reduced availability of restricted products) in FTSR jurisdictions. A majority (56.7%) detailed an implementation input for infrastructure (eg, resources) or activity (eg, outreach). Few described enforcement-related mechanisms.
CONCLUSIONS: Key gaps exist in policy implementation articles on state and local FTSRs in the United States, including infrequent reporting of enforcement agencies and penalties which may impact implementation. Additional mixed-methods research is needed to compare FTSR implementation across jurisdictions with varying policy designs.
IMPLICATIONS: Results contribute to our understanding of FTSR policy design, evaluation, and areas needed for intervention to strengthen implementation. Strategies to support compliance include guidance and criteria to identify targeted products for retailers and enforcement agents. Research gaps include a lack of information on penalty structures and data from enforcement agents or on violations, which are missed opportunities to evaluate components that can impact implementation and effectiveness.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Dissemination and Implementation Research (rcdc)8.3 Policyethicsand research governance (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)United States (mesh)Humans (mesh)Tobacco Products (mesh)Commerce (mesh)Flavoring Agents (mesh)Tobacco Control (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)policysystematic reviewstobacco controlpreventionlegislationHumans (mesh)Flavoring Agents (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)Commerce (mesh)United States (mesh)Tobacco Products (mesh)Tobacco Control (mesh)legislationpolicypreventionsystematic reviewstobacco controlUnited States (mesh)Humans (mesh)Tobacco Products (mesh)Commerce (mesh)Flavoring Agents (mesh)Tobacco Control (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1505 Marketing (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08k7x5npinfo:doi/10.1093/ntr/ntag028articleNicotine & Tobacco Research, vol 28, iss 81275 - 1283oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6k70v9rz2026-09-17T16:46:27Zqt6k70v9rzLibraries of Care: Nushafarin Ansari and Feminist Democracy in Iranian LibrarianshipBakhtiari, Hanieh2026-09-17Nushafarin Ansari (b. 1939), librarian, educator, and long-standing secretary of the Children's Book Council of Iran, is a central yet largely unexamined figure in the feminist history of librarianship outside Western contexts. This paper argues that her career, spanning outreach to psychiatric patients, rural communities, refugee children, and the visually impaired, constitutes a feminist practice of democratic care that systematically refuses to treat the library’s excluded readers as private problems or institutional afterthoughts. Drawing on Joan Tronto’s framework of “democratic care”, the paper reads Ansari’s institutional practice as a sustained effort to move librarianship in Iran from a profession organized around an imagined normative public toward recognizing and responding to the full range of lives it is meant to serve. The paper traces this movement across three dimensions: her outreach practices as a form of structural critique that translates individual exclusion into institutional accountability; her investment in participatory reading cultures, and her model of collective professional culture as an enactment of caring from within the institution. Situated against the broader feminization of the profession, and traced through the trajectory of her policy-making in knowledge dissimilation, Ansari’s work exemplifies the shift from a feminized space to a genuinely feminist institution that works democratically, relationally, and in accordance with a politics of care.
feminist librarianshipdemocratic careIranNūshāfarīn Anṣārīsocial librarianshipcare ethicsapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k70v9rzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6k70v9rz/qt6k70v9rz.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/M7.64317articleMELA Notes, vol 97, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1kq1f5wm2026-09-17T16:44:32Zqt1kq1f5wmNūshāfarīn Anṣārī Noush-Afarin Ansari and the Development of Social Librarianship in IranMaktabi Fard, Leila2026-09-17Modern librarianship in Iran emerged relatively late and, from its inception in the 1960s, was largely shaped by an emphasis on technical services such as cataloguing, classification, and resource organization. This orientation, reinforced by key academic and institutional centers, led to the marginalization of public services and the social dimensions of librarianship. Against this dominant trend, a parallel and less visible movement gradually developed, focusing on libraries’ social responsibilities and their role in fostering equity, inclusion, and community engagement. This article examines the emergence of social librarianship in Iran through the life, thought, and professional practice of Nūshāfarīn Anṣārī, widely regarded as the pioneer of this approach. Drawing on historical analysis, professional documents, and testimonies of colleagues and students, the study explores Anṣārī’s commitment to the principle of “Books for All,” her advocacy for public libraries as democratic and inclusive institutions, and her sustained efforts to redefine librarianship as a socially engaged profession. Particular attention is given to her pedagogical innovations, curriculum development, emphasis on reference and public services, and her six-decade involvement with the Children’s Book Council of Iran (CBC) as a practical embodiment of social librarianship. The article argues that Anṣārī’s enduring legacy lies in institutionalizing social librarianship in Iran and demonstrating that the professional legitimacy of librarianship is grounded not in technical sophistication alone, but in its meaningful integration into the social and cultural life of the community.Nūshāfarīn AnṣārīSocial-Oriented LibrarianshipIranModern LibrarianshipPublic LibrariesTechnical ServicesPublic ServicesThe Children’s Book Council of Iran (CBC)Tehran UniversityRanganathan.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kq1f5wmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1kq1f5wm/qt1kq1f5wm.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/M7.62122articleMELA Notes, vol 97, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt166946372026-09-17T16:42:20Zqt16694637Nush-Afarin Ansari and the Children’s Book Council of Iran: Cultural Institution-Building, Organized Voluntarism, and the Logic of SustainabilityNasrin-Pay, Parichehr2026-09-17This article examines the institutional role of Nush-Afarin Ansari in the formation, consolidation, and long-term sustainability of the Children’s Book Council of Iran (CBC) as one of the most enduring civil-society cultural institutions in contemporary Iran. Drawing on an analytical reading of Ansari’s biography, the works of Parichehr Nasrin-Pay, and materials from the Oral History Project of the Children’s Book Council, the article argues that the CBC’s success resulted from the convergence of three key factors: multicultural formative experiences, professional librarianship, and an ethical approach to cultural management. Rather than offering a linear biographical narrative or an event-based institutional history, this study focuses on institutional mechanisms, the model of organized volunteerism, and the logic of “quiet power” in leadership.
The article also addresses the limitations and costs of this model, demonstrating that volunteer-based structures grounded in ethical commitment and human capital, while sustainable, are labor-intensive and difficult to replicate. Ultimately, it argues that the experience of the CBC should be understood less as a transferable operational model and more as an analytical framework for examining cultural institution-building under conditions of limited resources, political instability, and lack of formal support in Iran. This experience has endured not only in the organizational structure of the CBC but also in the collective memory of the pioneering women whose sustained participation shaped its institutional identity.Nush-Afarin AnsariChildren’s Book Council of Irancultural institution-buildingvolunteer workinstitutional sustainabilityapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/16694637https://escholarship.org/content/qt16694637/qt16694637.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/M7.62120articleMELA Notes, vol 97, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0zs4h0qz2026-09-17T16:41:19Zqt0zs4h0qzProbing the Environment around GW170817 with DESI: Insights on Galaxy Group Peculiar Velocities for Standard Siren MeasurementsAmsellem, AJPalmese, ADouglass, KHowlett, CKarp, JSMHernandez, I MagañaMoustakas, JWechsler, RHAguilar, JAhlen, SBenZvi, SBianchi, DBrooks, DCarr, AClaybaugh, TCuceu, ADavis, TMde la Macorra, ADey, ADey, BDoel, PFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHonscheid, KIshak, MJoyce, RKehoe, RKisner, TKremin, ALahav, OLambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MManwadkar, VMeisner, AMiquel, RMyers, ADNadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRaichoor, ARossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSilber, JSprayberry, DTarlé, GZhou, RCOLLABORATION, THE DESI2026-04-20We present a new measurement of the Hubble constant, H0, following the gravitational-wave event GW170817 and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) observations. A standard siren measurement with a nearby (luminosity distance ∼40 Mpc) event such as GW170817 is typically sensitive to the peculiar motion of the host galaxy owing to local dynamics. Previous measurements from this event have taken advantage of peculiar velocity measurements of nearby galaxies, including a handful of objects in the galaxy group that the host of the event, NGC 4993, has been associated with. Still, the group’s properties and NGC 4993’s membership were debated. We present DESI observations of thousands of galaxies in the vicinity of NGC 4993, resulting in 39 group galaxies and a fivefold increase in galaxies compared to previous observations, with many contributing to a peculiar velocity measurement. Examining the local dynamics, our observations support the presence of a galaxy group of which NGC 4993 is a part with a halo mass of order ∼1013 M⊙. Using peculiar velocity measurements from our fundamental plane galaxy observations, we find H0=70.9−8.5+6.4 km s−1 Mpc−1. In addition, using a peculiar velocity measurement for NGC 4993 from surface brightness fluctuations in Cosmicflows-4, we find H0=73.4−3.9+3.3 km s−1 Mpc−1. We study the impact of different galaxy selection criteria on the determination of the peculiar velocity and, in turn, on the H0 measurement. Our results demonstrate the value of multiplexed spectroscopic observations for probing the local environments of gravitational-wave events used in standard siren measurements.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zs4h0qzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0zs4h0qz/qt0zs4h0qz.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ae4b37articleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 1001, iss 2157oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt87x6k0g52026-09-17T16:41:05Zqt87x6k0g5Multiplicity dependence of f0(980) production in pp collisions at s= 13 TeVAbualrob, IJAcharya, SRinella, G AglieriAglietta, LAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZULAkindinov, AAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfanda, HMMolina, R AlfaroAli, BAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltamura, ARAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAndronov, EAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArata, CArcelli, SArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DAlba, JL BazoBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBhattarai, SBianchi, LBielčík, J2026-01-26The dependence of f0$$\textrm{f}_{0}$$(980) production on the final-state charged-particle multiplicity is reported for proton–proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy, s=$$\sqrt{s}=$$ 13 TeV. The production of f0$$\textrm{f}_{0}$$(980) is measured with the ALICE detector via the f0(980)→π+π-$$\textrm{f}_0 (980) \rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$ decay channel in a midrapidity region of |y|<$$|y|<$$ 0.5. The evolution of the integrated yields and mean transverse momentum of f0$$_{0}$$(980) as a function of charged-particle multiplicity measured in pp at s=$$\sqrt{s}=$$ 13 TeV follows the trends observed in pp at s=$$\sqrt{s}=$$ 5.02 TeV and in proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions at sNN=$$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}=$$ 5.02 TeV. Particle yield ratios of f0$$\textrm{f}_{0}$$(980) to π±$$\pi ^{\pm }$$ and K∗$$\textrm{K}^{*}$$(892)0$$^{0}$$ are found to decrease with increasing charged-particle multiplicity. These particle ratios are compared with calculations from the canonical statistical thermal model as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. The thermal model calculations provide a better description of the decreasing trend of particle ratios when no strange or antistrange quark composition for f0$$_{0}$$(980) is assumed, which suggests that the data do not support significant hidden strangeness in the f0(980)$$\textrm{f}_{0} (980)$$.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/87x6k0g5https://escholarship.org/content/qt87x6k0g5/qt87x6k0g5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15205-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 86, iss 176oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt78j6x9mk2026-09-17T16:40:56Zqt78j6x9mkShared genetic risk between corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal dementiaYokoyama, Jennifer SKarch, Celeste MFan, Chun CBonham, Luke WKouri, NaomiRoss, Owen ARademakers, RosaKim, JungsuWang, YunpengHöglinger, Günter UMüller, UlrichFerrari, RaffaeleHardy, JohnInternational FTD-Genomics Consortium (IFGC)Momeni, ParastooSugrue, Leo PHess, Christopher PJames Barkovich, ABoxer, Adam LSeeley, William WRabinovici, Gil DRosen, Howard JMiller, Bruce LSchmansky, Nicholas JFischl, BruceHyman, Bradley TDickson, Dennis WSchellenberg, Gerard DAndreassen, Ole ADale, Anders MDesikan, Rahul S2017-05-01Corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and a subset of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by tau inclusions in neurons and glia (tauopathies). Although clinical, pathological and genetic evidence suggests overlapping pathobiology between CBD, PSP, and FTD, the relationship between these disorders is still not well understood. Using summary statistics (odds ratios and p values) from large genome-wide association studies (total n = 14,286 cases and controls) and recently established genetic methods, we investigated the genetic overlap between CBD and PSP and CBD and FTD. We found up to 800-fold enrichment of genetic risk in CBD across different levels of significance for PSP or FTD. In addition to NSF (tagging the MAPT H1 haplotype), we observed that SNPs in or near MOBP, CXCR4, EGFR, and GLDC showed significant genetic overlap between CBD and PSP, whereas only SNPs tagging the MAPT haplotype overlapped between CBD and FTD. The risk alleles of the shared SNPs were associated with expression changes in cis-genes. Evaluating transcriptome levels across adult human brains, we found a unique neuroanatomic gene expression signature for each of the five overlapping gene loci (omnibus ANOVA p < 2.0 × 10−16). Functionally, we found that these shared risk genes were associated with protein interaction and gene co-expression networks and showed enrichment for several neurodevelopmental pathways. Our findings suggest: (1) novel genetic overlap between CBD and PSP beyond the MAPT locus; (2) strong ties between CBD and FTD through the MAPT clade, and (3) unique combinations of overlapping genes that may, in part, influence selective regional or neuronal vulnerability observed in specific tauopathies.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)Dementia (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetic Testing (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Basal Ganglia Diseases (mesh)Frontotemporal Dementia (mesh)Humans (mesh)Inclusion Bodies (mesh)Neurons (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Supranuclear PalsyProgressive (mesh)Tauopathies (mesh)tau Proteins (mesh)International FTD-Genomics Consortium (IFGC)Neurons (mesh)Inclusion Bodies (mesh)Humans (mesh)Basal Ganglia Diseases (mesh)Supranuclear PalsyProgressive (mesh)Tauopathies (mesh)tau Proteins (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Frontotemporal Dementia (mesh)Basal Ganglia Diseases (mesh)Frontotemporal Dementia (mesh)Humans (mesh)Inclusion Bodies (mesh)Neurons (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Supranuclear PalsyProgressive (mesh)Tauopathies (mesh)tau Proteins (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/78j6x9mkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt78j6x9mk/qt78j6x9mk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s00401-017-1693-yarticleActa Neuropathologica, vol 133, iss 5825 - 837oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1315b1q62026-09-17T16:40:46Zqt1315b1q6Is My Loneliness Killing Me? Effects of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Transitions Between Cognitive Status Categories and DeathYoneda, TomikoJackson, Kathryn LNoyer, Emily CBeam, Christopher RPfund, GabrielleAntonoplis, StephenBeck, EmorieBedjeti, KatyQin, PeiGarner, Kayla MLuo, JingVan Bogart, KarinaPieramici, LilyHauner, KatherinaTuriano, Nicholas AO’Súilleabháin, Páraic SBarnes, LisaBennett, David ATerrera, Graciela MunizMroczek, Daniel KJames, Bryan DSteptoe, AndrewOng, Anthony DGraham, Eileen K2026-09-01Loneliness and social isolation are associated with numerous adverse physical and psychological health outcomes in older adulthood, including cognitive impairment and mortality risk. Yet, how the individual and joint effects of loneliness and social isolation contribute to these outcomes remains unclear, particularly given the interplay between individual differences (loneliness) and environmental factors (social isolation) in shaping these important health outcomes in older adulthood (i.e., person-environment interactions). We used Cox regression, logistic regression, and multistate survival models to systematically investigate the individual and adjusted associations among loneliness, social isolation, cognitive aging outcomes, and mortality risk. Further, extensive between-study variability in operational definitions, modeling approaches, and covariate adjustments may be contributing to mixed results in the existing literature. In this registered report, we applied a multistudy approach (i.e., coordinated data analysis) in which independent but identical models were fit across 11 longitudinal studies representing participants from 18 countries (Ntotal = 175,070). Random effects meta-analyses synthesized results across studies, showing that loneliness was consistently associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment and mortality across statistical approaches, even after adjusting for social isolation. Conversely, social isolation was not consistently associated with cognitive impairment and showed weaker associations with mortality risk. Together, our findings suggest that loneliness is a robust, proximal predictor of major aging outcomes and highlight avenues for theory development, strategies to strengthen cognitive resilience and independence in older adulthood, and more efficient resource allocation of public health resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).5204 Cognitive and Computational Psychology (for-2020)5205 Social and Personality Psychology (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)2.3 Psychologicalsocial and economic factors (hrcs-rac)Mental health (hrcs-hc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Humans (mesh)Loneliness (mesh)Social Isolation (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Aged (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Cognitive Aging (mesh)Death (mesh)lonelinesssocial isolationdementiamultistate survival modelsmortalityHumans (mesh)Death (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Social Isolation (mesh)Loneliness (mesh)Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Cognitive Aging (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Humans (mesh)Loneliness (mesh)Social Isolation (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Aged (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Cognitive Aging (mesh)Death (mesh)1505 Marketing (for)1701 Psychology (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)Social Psychology (science-metrix)5204 Cognitive and computational psychology (for-2020)5205 Social and personality psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1315b1q6https://escholarship.org/content/qt1315b1q6/qt1315b1q6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1037/pspp0000606articleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol 131, iss 3480 - 512oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt07d6532s2026-09-17T16:40:19Zqt07d6532sConstruction of the damped Lyα absorber catalog for DESI DR2 Lyα BAOBrodzeller, AWolfson, MSantos, DMHo, MTan, TPieri, MMCuceu, AAbdul-Karim, MAguilar, JAhlen, SAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAviles, ABailey, SBault, ABianchi, DBrooks, DCanning, RCasas, LCharles, MChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChebat, DClaybaugh, TDawson, KSde Belsunce, Rde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADey, ArjunDey, BiprateepDoel, PDoshi, MElbers, WFerraro, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGarrison, LHGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGreen, DGutierrez, GGuy, JHahn, CHerbold, MHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIshak, MJuneau, SKehoe, RKisner, TKremin, ALahav, OLamman, CLandriau, MLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, LLeauthaud, ALevi, MELi, QManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNadathur, SNapolitano, LNoriega, HEPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRamírez-Pérez, CRavoux, CRohlf, JRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSinigaglia, FSprayberry, DTarlé, GTaylor, PTurner, WWalther, MWeaver, BAYèche, CZhou, RZou, HZou, S2025-10-15We present the Damped Toolkit for automated detection and characterization of damped absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra. Our method uses quasar spectral templates with and without absorption from intervening DLAs to reconstruct observed quasar forest regions. The best-fitting model determines whether a DLA is present while estimating the redshift and column density. With an optimized quality cut on detection significance ( ), the technique achieves an estimated 80% purity and 79% completeness when evaluated on simulated spectra with that are free of broad absorption lines (BALs). We provide a catalog containing candidate DLAs from the DLA Toolkit detected in DESI DR1 quasar spectra, of which 21 719 were found in spectra with predicted and detection significance . We compare the Damped Toolkit to two alternative DLA finders based on a convolutional neural network and Gaussian process models. We present a strategy for combining these three techniques to produce a high-fidelity DLA catalog from DESI DR2 for the forest baryon acoustic oscillation measurement. The combined catalog contains 41 152 candidate DLAs with from quasar spectra with . We estimate this sample to be approximately 85% pure and 79% complete when BAL quasars are excluded.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/07d6532sinfo:doi/10.1103/wxyv-46kbarticlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 8083510oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2xt2x6mk2026-09-17T16:36:40Zqt2xt2x6mkSeeing the human behind the sample: How compassion training shaped inner awareness, relationships, and workplace meaning in HIV end-of-life researchHiggins, NiamhTran, WhitneyLau, RachelLai, JoyceTaylor, JeffSchairer, SaraGianella, SaraAhmed, AliDubé, Karine2026-07-01Background: Professionals engaged in HIV research at the end-of-life face ongoing emotional demands, yet there is limited evidence on whether brief compassion-based interventions can support resilience and team functioning in this context.
Objective: To explore how members of the Last Gift team experienced a brief compassion training program and to examine its perceived value and acceptability within an emotionally demanding end-of-life HIV research setting.
Methods: We conducted this qualitative study within the Last Gift, a rapid research autopsy program involving people with HIV and life-limiting illness at the University of California San Diego. Following completion of a four-week compassion training program, we held three focus group discussions with interdisciplinary team members (n = 10). We audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed discussions using conventional content analysis.
Results: We identified three major themes: (1) intrapersonal growth and improved inner awareness when navigating emotionally intense work; (2) changes in interpersonal relationships with enhanced capacity to extend and receive compassion; and (3) strengthening community and shared purpose in workplace culture. Participants described applying compassion practices both at work and in daily life, contributing to improved interpersonal interactions, reduced emotional reactivity, and greater workplace satisfaction.
Conclusions: Brief compassion training programs may offer a feasible and meaningful approach to supporting well-being, emotional resilience, and team cohesion among professionals working in end-of-life HIV research, particularly when embedded within supportive organizational contexts. Further research is needed to examine sustainability and broader implementation in palliative and end-of-life research settings.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)compassionempathyburnoutself-compassionend-of-life researchpalliative carecompassion trainingprofessional wellbeingqualitative researchjob satisfactionNon-MeSH headingsNon-MeSH headingsburnoutcompassioncompassion trainingempathyend-of-life researchjob satisfactionpalliative careprofessional wellbeingqualitative researchself-compassion4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xt2x6mkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2xt2x6mk/qt2xt2x6mk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1177/26323524261467424articlePalliative Care and Social Practice, vol 2026323524261467424oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8xh738512026-09-17T16:35:55Zqt8xh73851Uranyl Tris(benzoate) Photocatalysts for Site-Selective Hydrocarbon FunctionalizationHerrera, GabrielWong, AnthonyFiszbein, DavidHaibel, Betsy ALara, JadenKatzer, Nicholas JHartwig, John FArnold, Polly L2026-06-03The uranyl dication ([UO2]2+) is a highly active photocatalyst for the functionalization of inert Csp3-H bonds by direct hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA). However, photocatalysis by the uranyl ion remains underexplored. Most reports are limited to reactions catalyzed by simple uranyl salts, such as uranyl nitrate [UO2(NO3)2·6H2O] (UNO3). We report a set of uranyl tris(benzoate) complexes 1-R containing strongly coordinating and tunable equatorial ligands that resist photodamage and control access to the oxo groups. These catalyst variants with appropriate aryl substituents undergo catalytic reactions at C-H bonds by HAA. The selectivity and reactivity of this step depend on the ligand framework and are distinct from that of UNO3 or other photoactive oxo complexes, such as decatungstate, that lack ancillary ligands. Finally, consistent with the strong, stable axial U-O bond, reaction with exogenous radical acceptors outcompetes radical rebound, enabling C-C and C-N bond formation from the alkyl radical intermediate. Regioselective alkylation and functionalization of a broad range of substrates results, and this photocatalysis shows that modulation of equatorial ligands on [UO2]2+ can influence the reactivity and selectivity of photocatalytic C-H bond functionalization.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)3405 Organic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)03 Chemical Sciences (for)General Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xh73851https://escholarship.org/content/qt8xh73851/qt8xh73851.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/jacs.6c01402articleJournal of the American Chemical Society, vol 148, iss 2121933 - 21942oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1jz3g82k2026-09-17T16:35:41Zqt1jz3g82kHuman cathelicidin peptide LL-37 compacts nucleic acids and alters neutrophil extracellular trap structureZielke, ClaudiaRad, BehzadNielsen, Josefine ELi, JiaxinPimcharoen, SopidaSawant, ManasiKamayirese, SeraphineLin, Jennifer SThiam, Hawa RBarron, Annelise E2026-05-01The human cathelicidin host defense peptide LL-37 is expressed by many cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells, and forms complexes with nucleic acids that can have either beneficial or detrimental health effects. We suggest that these differential impacts are directly connected to the extent of nucleic acid binding by LL-37. Here, we use phage λ DNA and techniques such as high-resolution video microscopy, gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and displacement assays to show that LL-37 binds non-specifically to dsDNA, condensing it, followed by formation of progressively larger complexes from smaller domains, until “complete” complexation is attained at a (w/w) ratio of DNA/LL-37 of 1:1.7. The morphology of these complexes is concentration-dependent, with relatively low LL-37 amounts yielding loosely aggregated DNA structures and higher LL-37 concentrations leading to well-defined, disc-like complexes of about 150 nm in diameter. The condensation of nucleic acids, which causes a loss of the characteristic B-DNA features, results from interactions of the phosphodiester backbone with cationic amino acid side chains of the peptide at physiological pH, most likely in A-T rich sequences of the nucleic acid. Our results show that the α-helical structure of the peptide with its amphipathic and hydrophobic surfaces is essential. Finally, we show that LL-37 complexation alters the structure of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), causing a significant reduction in projected NET area at high LL-37 concentrations. Our data suggest that LL-37 helps prevent nucleic acid dispersal and condenses dsDNA, which may impact the biophysics of NET clearance.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Humans (mesh)Extracellular Traps (mesh)Cathelicidins (mesh)Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides (mesh)DNA (mesh)Neutrophils (mesh)Bacteriophage lambda (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Nucleic Acid Conformation (mesh)Neutrophils (mesh)Humans (mesh)Bacteriophage lambda (mesh)Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides (mesh)DNA (mesh)Nucleic Acid Conformation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Cathelicidins (mesh)Extracellular Traps (mesh)Antimicrobial peptideCondensationInnate immunityIntermolecular interactionsLL-37Lambda DNAHumans (mesh)Extracellular Traps (mesh)Cathelicidins (mesh)Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides (mesh)DNA (mesh)Neutrophils (mesh)Bacteriophage lambda (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Nucleic Acid Conformation (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jz3g82khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1jz3g82k/qt1jz3g82k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41598-026-48091-4articleScientific Reports, vol 16, iss 122524oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4r06f0mx2026-09-17T16:32:58Zqt4r06f0mxLead Optimization of TgCDPK1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of ToxoplasmosisMannino, MichaelPGokanapalle, AnushaPatil, ShrushtiKooner, Anoopjit SinghMeena, Chhuttan LalMedcalf, MatthewVilza, IgiBarks, JenniferFu, YongXia, JingNix, Jay CNelson, ChrisFremont, DavedDhillon, ArunSibley, L DavidJanetka, James W2026-06-25Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic pathogen that infects many individuals and threatens the health of those with compromised immunity. Current therapies are unable to eradicate chronic infections and pose risks of adverse reactions. Using X-ray structure-based drug design, we have developed a new series of biaryl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors of the essential parasite enzyme calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (TgCDPK1). These inhibitors have excellent potency against the enzyme and in vitro antiparasitic activity. We further optimized the compounds for increased metabolic stability, lowered plasma protein binding, decreased efflux, and improved pharmacokinetics (PK). Several of the inhibitors had desirable PK with high oral bioavailability, low clearance, and extended half-life, leading to excellent compound exposure in the plasma and brain over a 24-h period. Three compounds were tested during acute infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. We identified 16c as a promising preclinical candidate to treat toxoplasmosis.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3404 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Foodborne Illness (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Orphan Drug (rcdc)Biodefense (rcdc)5.1 Pharmaceuticals (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Animals (mesh)Toxoplasma (mesh)Toxoplasmosis (mesh)Mice (mesh)Protein Kinase Inhibitors (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)Humans (mesh)Pyrimidines (mesh)Protein Kinases (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Drug Design (mesh)Pyrazoles (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Female (mesh)Animals (mesh)Toxoplasma (mesh)Toxoplasmosis (mesh)Mice (mesh)Protein Kinase Inhibitors (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)Humans (mesh)Pyrimidines (mesh)Protein Kinases (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Drug Design (mesh)Pyrazoles (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Female (mesh)0304 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry (for)0305 Organic Chemistry (for)1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (for)Medicinal & Biomolecular Chemistry (science-metrix)3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences (for-2020)3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry (for-2020)3405 Organic chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r06f0mxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4r06f0mx/qt4r06f0mx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c00065articleJournal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol 69, iss 1214365 - 14389oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rq0t2fp2026-09-17T16:32:53Zqt8rq0t2fpCUORE opens the door to tonne-scale cryogenics experimentsAdams, DQAlduino, CAlessandria, FAlfonso, KAndreotti, EAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBalata, MBandac, IBanks, TIBari, GBarucci, MBeeman, JWBellini, FBenato, GBeretta, MBersani, ABiare, DBiassoni, MBragazzi, FBranca, ABrofferio, CBryant, ABuccheri, ABucci, CBulfon, CCamacho, ACamilleri, JCaminata, ACampani, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCapodiferro, MCappelli, LCardani, LCariello, MCarniti, PCarrettoni, MCasali, NCassina, LCeli, ECereseto, RCeruti, GChiarini, AChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MConventi, DCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCrescentini, CCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, AD’Aguanno, DDafinei, IDatskov, VDavis, CJDel Corso, FDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDompè, VDi Vacri, MLDi Paolo, LDrobizhev, AEjzak, LFaccini, RFang, DQFantini, GFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFu, SHFujikawa, BKGaigher, RGhislandi, SGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGoett, JGorla, PGotti, CGuandalini, CGuerzoni, MGuetti, MGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EVHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, RG2022-01-01The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution – comparable to semiconductor detectors – and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose. In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities. The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Cryogenic temperaturesNeutrinoless double beta decayDilution refrigeratorTon-scale detectorLow temperature calorimeterRare event searchesNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rq0t2fphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8rq0t2fp/qt8rq0t2fp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103902articleProgress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, vol 122103902oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50b448xd2026-09-17T16:32:19Zqt50b448xdAnalysis techniques for the evaluation of the neutrinoless double-β decay lifetime in Te130 with the CUORE-0 detectorAlduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBersani, ABiassoni, MBrofferio, CBucci, CCaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSDafinei, IDally, ADavis, CJDell'Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLim, KELiu, XG., YMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNones, CNorman, EBNucciotti, AO'Donnell, TOrio, FOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, CRusconi, CSala, ESangiorgio, SSantone, DScielzo, NDSingh, VSisti, M2016-04-01We describe in detail the methods used to obtain the lower bound on the lifetime of neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay in Te130 and the associated limit on the effective Majorana mass of the neutrino using the CUORE-0 detector. CUORE-0 is a bolometric detector array located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso that was designed to validate the background reduction techniques developed for CUORE, a next-generation experiment scheduled to come online in 2016. CUORE-0 is also a competitive 0νββ decay search in its own right and functions as a platform to further develop the analysis tools and procedures to be used in CUORE. These include data collection, event selection and processing, as well as an evaluation of signal efficiency. In particular, we describe the amplitude evaluation, thermal gain stabilization, energy calibration methods, and the analysis event selection used to create our final 0νββ search spectrum. We define our high level analysis procedures, with emphasis on the new insights gained and challenges encountered. We outline in detail our fitting methods near the hypothesized 0νββ decay peak and catalog the main sources of systematic uncertainty. Finally, we derive the 0νββ decay half-life limits previously reported for CUORE-0, T1/20ν>2.7×1024yr, and in combination with the Cuoricino limit, T1/20ν>4.0×1024yr.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exphysics.ins-detCSD-46-All CSGB (c-lbnl-label)NSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50b448xdinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.93.045503articlePhysical Review C, vol 93, iss 4045503oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt34k379932026-09-17T16:32:11Zqt34k37993Results from the CUORE-0 experimentCanonica, LAlduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBersani, ABiassoni, MBrofferio, CBucci, CCaminata, ACao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSDafinei, IDally, ADavis, CJDell'Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GYu Kolomensky, GLim, KELiu, XMa, YGMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNones, CNorman, EBNucciotti, AO'Donnell, TOrio, FOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, CRusconi, CSala, ESangiorgio, SSantone, DScielzo, NDSingh, VSisti, MSmith, AR2016-06-09The CUORE-0 experiment searched for neutrinoless double beta decay in130Te using an array of 52 tellurium dioxide crystals, operated as bolometers at a temperature of 10 mK. It took data in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy) since March 2013 to March 2015. We present the results of a search for neutrinoless double beta decay in 9.8 kg-years130Te exposure that allowed us to set the most stringent limit to date on this half-life. The performance of the detector in terms of background and energy resolution is also reported.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/34k37993https://escholarship.org/content/qt34k37993/qt34k37993.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1742-6596/718/6/062007articleJournal of Physics: Conference Series, vol 718, iss 6062007oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt15z941602026-09-17T16:32:04Zqt15z94160Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of 130Te with CUORE-0Alfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTIIIAzzolini, OBalata, MBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBersani, ABiassoni, MBrofferio, CBucci, CCaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSDafinei, IDally, ADell'Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AEjzak, LFang, DQFaverzani, MFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLim, KELiu, XMa, YGMaino, MMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SNisi, SNones, CNorman, EBNucciotti, AO'Donnell, TOrio, FOrlandi, DOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPedretti, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, CRusconi, CSala, ESangiorgio, SSantone, DScielzo, NDSisti, MSmith, ARTaffarello, L2015-09-03We report the results of a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in a 9.8 kg yr exposure of Te130 using a bolometric detector array, CUORE-0. The characteristic detector energy resolution and background level in the region of interest are 5.1±0.3keV FWHM and 0.058±0.004(stat)±0.002(syst)counts/(keVkgyr), respectively. The median 90% C.L. lower-limit half-life sensitivity of the experiment is 2.9×1024yr and surpasses the sensitivity of previous searches. We find no evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay of Te130 and place a Bayesian lower bound on the decay half-life, T1/20ν>2.7×1024yr at 90% C.L. Combining CUORE-0 data with the 19.75 kg yr exposure of Te130 from the Cuoricino experiment we obtain T1/20ν>4.0×1024yr at 90% C.L. (Bayesian), the most stringent limit to date on this half-life. Using a range of nuclear matrix element estimates we interpret this as a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass, mββ<270-760meV.nucl-exnucl-exhep-exphysics.ins-detNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/15z94160https://escholarship.org/content/qt15z94160/qt15z94160.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.102502articlePHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol 115, iss 10102502oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5v2630tx2026-09-17T16:31:42Zqt5v2630txIdentified charged hadron production in Au plus Au collisions at √sNN=54.4GeV with the STAR detectorAboona, BEAdam, JAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbayev, AAlekseev, IAlpatov, EAlshammri, AKAparin, AAslam, SAtchison, JAverichev, GSBairathi, VBao, XBarik, PBarish, KBehera, SBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, HSanchez, M Calderon de la BarcaCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChang, YSChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, LChen, QChen, WChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJDale-Gau, GDas, ALemos, D De SouzaDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEl-Feky, YSEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFan, BFang, YFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, HFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, BFu, CFu, TGao, TGao, YGarcia, GGeurts, FGibson, AGiri, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGu, JGupta, AHamed, AHamilton, RJHan, JHan, XHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XH2026-05-195106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v2630txhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5v2630tx/qt5v2630tx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/4161-dflarticlePHYSICAL REVIEW C, vol 113, iss 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1xj6b0n52026-09-17T16:31:35Zqt1xj6b0n5K*0 production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV from the RHIC beam energy scanAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAnderson, DMAschenauer, ECAtchison, JBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDaugherity, MDeppner, IMDhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison, HHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2023-03-01We report the measurement of K*0 meson at midrapidity (|y|< 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV collected by the STAR experiment during the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) beam energy scan program. The transverse momentum spectra, yield, and average transverse momentum of K*0 are presented as functions of collision centrality and beam energy. The K*0/K yield ratios are presented for different collision centrality intervals and beam energies. The K*0/K ratio in heavy-ion collisions are observed to be smaller than that in small-system collisions (e+e and p+p). The K*0/K ratio follows a similar centrality dependence to that observed in previous RHIC and Large Hadron Collider measurements. The data favor the scenario of the dominance of hadronic rescattering over regeneration for K*0 production in the hadronic phase of the medium.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xj6b0n5https://escholarship.org/content/qt1xj6b0n5/qt1xj6b0n5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.107.034907articlePhysical Review C, vol 107, iss 3034907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt19m4w50f2026-09-17T16:31:28Zqt19m4w50fNonmonotonic Energy Dependence of Net-Proton Number FluctuationsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, S2021-03-05Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1 σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data in noncentral Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}].5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR CollaborationNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/19m4w50fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt19m4w50f/qt19m4w50f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.126.092301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 126, iss 9092301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt42f564g62026-09-17T16:31:21Zqt42f564g6Polarization of Λ (Λ¯) Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2019-09-27The Λ (Λ[over ¯]) hyperon polarization along the beam direction has been measured in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV, for the first time in heavy-ion collisions. The polarization dependence on the hyperons' emission angle relative to the elliptic flow plane exhibits a second harmonic sine modulation, indicating a quadrupole pattern of the vorticity component along the beam direction, expected due to elliptic flow. The polarization is found to increase in more peripheral collisions, and shows no strong transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence at p_{T} greater than 1 GeV/c. The magnitude of the signal is about 5 times smaller than those predicted by hydrodynamic and multiphase transport models; the observed phase of the emission angle dependence is also opposite to these model predictions. In contrast, the kinematic vorticity calculations in the blast-wave model tuned to reproduce particle spectra, elliptic flow, and the azimuthal dependence of the Gaussian source radii measured with the Hanbury Brown-Twiss intensity interferometry technique reproduce well the modulation phase measured in the data and capture the centrality and transverse momentum dependence of the polarization signal.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/42f564g6https://escholarship.org/content/qt42f564g6/qt42f564g6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.123.132301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 123, iss 13132301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt75j363v12026-09-17T16:31:14Zqt75j363v1Collision-energy dependence of second-order off-diagonal and diagonal cumulants of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au + Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-07-01We report the first measurements of a complete second-order cumulant matrix of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions for the first phase of the beam energy scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. This includes the centrality and, for the first time, the pseudorapidity window dependence of both diagonal and off-diagonal cumulants in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 7.7–200 GeV. Within the available acceptance of |η|<0.5, the cumulants grow linearly with the pseudorapidity window. Relative to the corresponding measurements in peripheral collisions, the ratio of off-diagonal over diagonal cumulants in central collisions indicates an excess correlation between net-charge and net-kaon, as well as between net-charge and net-proton. The strength of such excess correlation increases with the collision energy. The correlation between net-proton and net-kaon multiplicity distributions is observed to be negative at sNN= 200 GeV and change to positive at the lowest collision energy. Model calculations based on nonthermal (UrQMD) and thermal (HRG) production of hadrons cannot explain the data. These measurements will help map the quantum chromodynamics phase diagram, constrain hadron resonance gas model calculations and provide new insights on the energy dependence of baryon-strangeness correlations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/75j363v1https://escholarship.org/content/qt75j363v1/qt75j363v1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.100.014902articlePhysical Review C, vol 100, iss 1014902oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7pc6j7ch2026-09-17T16:31:08Zqt7pc6j7chJ/ψ production cross section and its dependence on charged-particle multiplicity in p + p collisions at s = 200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-11-01We present a measurement of inclusive J / ψ production at mid-rapidity ( | y | < 1 ) in p + p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The differential production cross section for J / ψ as a function of transverse momentum ( p T ) for 0 < p T < 14 GeV / c and the total cross section are reported and compared to calculations from the color evaporation model and the non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics model. The dependence of J / ψ relative yields in three p T intervals on charged-particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity is measured for the first time in p + p collisions at s = 200 GeV and compared with that measured at s = 7 TeV, PYTHIA8 and EPOS3 Monte Carlo generators, and the Percolation model prediction.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Quarkoniump plus p collisionsMultiple parton interactionsCharged-particle multiplicityhep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pc6j7chhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7pc6j7ch/qt7pc6j7ch.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.09.029articlePhysics Letters B, vol 78687 - 93oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1mj099p52026-09-17T16:30:59Zqt1mj099p5Correlation measurements between flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions at RHICAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2018-08-01Flow harmonics ( v n ) in the Fourier expansion of the azimuthal distribution of particles are widely used to quantify the anisotropy in particle emission in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The symmetric cumulants, S C ( m , n ) , are used to measure the correlations between different orders of flow harmonics. These correlations are used to constrain the initial conditions and the transport properties of the medium in theoretical models. In this Letter, we present the first measurements of the four-particle symmetric cumulants in Au+Au collisions at s N N = 39 and 200 GeV from data collected by the STAR experiment at RHIC. We observe that v 2 and v 3 are anti-correlated in all centrality intervals with similar correlation strengths from 39 GeV Au+Au to 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb (measured by the ALICE experiment). The v 2 – v 4 correlation seems to be stronger at 39 GeV than at higher collision energies. The initial-stage anti-correlations between second and third order eccentricities are sufficient to describe the measured correlations between v 2 and v 3 . The best description of v 2 – v 4 correlations at s N N = 200 GeV is obtained with inclusion of the system's nonlinear response to initial eccentricities accompanied by the viscous effect with η / s > 0.08 . Theoretical calculations using different initial conditions, equations of state and viscous coefficients need to be further explored to extract η / s of the medium created at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CollectivityCorrelationShear viscositynucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mj099p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt1mj099p5/qt1mj099p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.076articlePhysics Letters B, vol 783459 - 465oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84t5r35h2026-09-17T16:30:51Zqt84t5r35hElliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200, 62.4, and 39 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2017-03-01We present measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from the decays of heavy-flavor hadrons (eHF) by the STAR experiment. For Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV we report v2, for transverse momentum (pT) between 0.2 and 7 GeV/c, using three methods: the event plane method (v2{EP}), two-particle correlations (v2{2}), and four-particle correlations (v2{4}). For Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 and 39 GeV we report v2{2} for pT<2GeV/c. v2{2} and v2{4} are nonzero at low and intermediate pT at 200 GeV, and v2{2} is consistent with zero at low pT at other energies. The v2{2} at the two lower beam energies is systematically lower than at sNN=200 GeV for pT<1GeV/c. This difference may suggest that charm quarks interact less strongly with the surrounding nuclear matter at those two lower energies compared to sNN=200 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84t5r35hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt84t5r35h/qt84t5r35h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.95.034907articlePhysical Review C, vol 95, iss 3034907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2pf979v32026-09-17T16:30:44Zqt2pf979v3Near-side azimuthal and pseudorapidity correlations using neutral strange baryons and mesons in d+Au, Cu + Cu, and Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAbelev, BAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarnby, LSBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBombara, MBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGaillard, LGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, T2016-07-01We present measurements of the near side of triggered di-hadron correlations using neutral strange baryons (Λ,Λ¯) and mesons (KS0) at intermediate transverse momentum (3 < pT <6 GeV/c) to look for possible flavor and baryon-meson dependence. This study is performed in d+Au, Cu+Cu, and Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The near-side di-hadron correlation contains two structures, a peak which is narrow in azimuth and pseudorapidity consistent with correlations from jet fragmentation, and a correlation in azimuth which is broad in pseudorapidity. The particle composition of the jet-like correlation is determined using identified associated particles. The dependence of the conditional yield of the jet-like correlation on the trigger particle momentum, associated particle momentum, and centrality for correlations with unidentified trigger particles are presented. The neutral strange particle composition in jet-like correlations with unidentified charged particle triggers is not well described by PYTHIA. However, the yield of unidentified particles in jet-like correlations with neutral strange particle triggers is described reasonably well by the same model.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pf979v3https://escholarship.org/content/qt2pf979v3/qt2pf979v3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.94.014910articlePhysical Review C, vol 94, iss 1014910oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3kp3p4wk2026-09-17T16:30:38Zqt3kp3p4wkJ/ψ production at low transverse momentum in p+p and d + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, THuang, XHuang, BHuang, HZHuck, PHumanic, TJ2016-06-01We report on the measurement of J/ψ production in the dielectron channel at midrapidity (|y|<1) in p+p and d+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The transverse momentum pT spectra in p+p for pT<4GeV/c and d+Au collisions for pT<3GeV/c are presented. These measurements extend the STAR coverage for J/ψ production in p+p collisions to low pT. The 〈pT2〉 from the measured J/ψ invariant cross section in p+p and d+Au collisions are evaluated and compared to similar measurements at other collision energies. The nuclear modification factor for J/ψ is extracted as a function of pT and collision centrality in d+Au and compared to model calculations using the modified nuclear parton distribution function and a final-state J/ψ nuclear absorption cross section.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kp3p4wkinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.93.064904articlePhysical Review C, vol 93, iss 6064904oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4958x4q02026-09-17T16:30:26Zqt4958x4q0Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in association with a Z boson in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2018-05-01The production of a top quark in association with a Z boson is investigated. The proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb − 1 . Events containing three identified leptons (electrons and/or muons) and two jets, one of which is identified as a b-quark jet are selected. The major backgrounds are diboson, t t ¯ and Z + jets production. A neural network is used to improve the background rejection and extract the signal. The resulting significance is 4.2σ in the data and the expected significance is 5.4σ. The measured cross-section for tZq production is 600 ± 170 (stat.) ± 140 (syst.) fb .5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4958x4q0info:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.03.023articlePhysics Letters B, vol 780557 - 577oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt44q0v5k82026-09-17T16:30:16Zqt44q0v5k8Probing parton dynamics of QCD matter with Ω and ϕ productionAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, THuang, XHuang, BHuang, HZHuck, PHumanic, TJ2016-02-01We present measurements of Ω and ϕ production at midrapidity from Au+Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Motivated by the coalescence formation mechanism for these strange hadrons, we study the ratios of N(Ω−+Ω¯+)/[2N(ϕ)]. These ratios as a function of transverse momentum pT fall on a consistent trend at high collision energies, but start to show deviations in peripheral collisions at sNN=19.6, 27, and 39 GeV, and in central collisions at 11.5 GeV in the intermediate pT region of 2.4−3.6 GeV/c. We further evaluate empirically the strange quark pT distributions at hadronization by studying the Ω/ϕ ratios scaled by the number of constituent quarks (NCQ). The NCQ-scaled Ω/ϕ ratios show a suppression of strange quark production in central collisions at 11.5 GeV compared to sNN≥19.6 GeV. The shapes of the presumably thermal strange quark distributions in 0–60% most central collisions at 7.7 GeV show significant deviations from those in 0–10% most central collisions at higher energies. These features suggest that there is likely a change of the underlying strange quark dynamics in the transition from quark matter to hadronic matter at collision energies below 19.6 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/44q0v5k8info:doi/10.1103/physrevc.93.021903articlePhysical Review C, vol 93, iss 2021903oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6df7z3k82026-09-17T16:30:08Zqt6df7z3k8Centrality dependence of identified particle elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions at sNN=7.7–62.4 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBanerjee, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, DBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DCervantes, MCChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChisman, OChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHofman, DJHorvat, SHuang, HZHuang, BHuang, XHuck, P2016-01-01Elliptic flow (v2) values for identified particles at midrapidity in Au + Au collisions measured by the STAR experiment in the Beam Energy Scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at sNN=7.7–62.4 GeV are presented for three centrality classes. The centrality dependence and the data at sNN=14.5 GeV are new. Except at the lowest beam energies, we observe a similar relative v2 baryon-meson splitting for all centrality classes which is in agreement within 15% with the number-of-constituent quark scaling. The larger v2 for most particles relative to antiparticles, already observed for minimum bias collisions, shows a clear centrality dependence, with the largest difference for the most central collisions. Also, the results are compared with a multiphase transport (AMPT) model and fit with a blast wave model.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6df7z3k8info:doi/10.1103/physrevc.93.014907articlePhysical Review C, vol 93, iss 1014907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9vr9g1c82026-09-17T16:29:57Zqt9vr9g1c8Di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV Au+Au and d+Au collisions at STARAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBanerjee, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, DBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DCervantes, MCChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHofman, DJHorvat, SHuang, THuang, BHuang, HZHuang, XHuck, P2015-12-01The STAR Collaboration presents for the first time two-dimensional di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV central Au+Au and minimum-bias d+Au collisions to explore hadronization mechanisms in the quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of the jet-like yield for leading pions in Au+Au data with respect to the d+Au reference and the absence of such an enhancement for leading non-pions (protons and kaons) are discussed within the context of a quark recombination scenario. The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region, is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. The consistencies of the constituent quark scaling, azimuthal harmonic model and a mini-jet modification model description of the data are tested, providing further constraints on hadronization.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vr9g1c8info:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.10.037articlePhysics Letters B, vol 751233 - 240oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8ht4k5js2026-09-17T16:29:48Zqt8ht4k5jsSearch for photonic signatures of gauge-mediated supersymmetry in 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2018-05-01A search is presented for photonic signatures, motivated by generalized models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. This search makes use of proton-proton collision data at s=13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC, and it explores models dominated by both strong and electroweak production of supersymmetric partner states. Experimental signatures incorporating an isolated photon and significant missing transverse momentum are explored. These signatures include events with an additional photon or additional jet activity not associated with any specific underlying quark flavor. No significant excess of events is observed above the Standard Model prediction, and 95% confidence-level upper limits of between 0.083 and 0.32 fb are set on the visible cross section of contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. These results are interpreted in terms of lower limits on the masses of gluinos, squarks, and gauginos in the context of generalized models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry, which reach as high as 2.3 TeV for strongly produced and 1.3 TeV for weakly produced supersymmetric partner pairs.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ht4k5jshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8ht4k5js/qt8ht4k5js.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.97.092006articlePhysical Review D, vol 97, iss 9092006oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7md8r1222026-09-17T16:26:16Zqt7md8r122Search for MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to μ+μ− in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, AKrintiras, GLemaitre, VMagitteri, APiotrzkowski, KSaggio, AMarono, M VidalVischia, PZobec, J2019-11-01A search is performed for neutral non-standard-model Higgs bosons decaying to two muons in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV were used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 . The search is sensitive to neutral Higgs bosons produced via the gluon fusion process or in association with a b b ‾ quark pair. No significant deviations from the standard model expectation are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in the context of the m h mod+ and phenomenological MSSM scenarios on the parameter tan β as a function of the mass of the pseudoscalar A boson, in the range from 130 to 600 GeV. The results are also used to set a model-independent limit on the product of the branching fraction for the decay into a muon pair and the cross section for the production of a scalar neutral boson, either via gluon fusion, or in association with b quarks, in the mass range from 130 to 1000 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSHiggsMuonBSMMSSMModel independenthep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7md8r122https://escholarship.org/content/qt7md8r122/qt7md8r122.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134992articlePhysics Letters B, vol 798134992oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7h70t25c2026-09-17T16:26:06Zqt7h70t25cLeveling Up Upconverting Nanoparticles with Machine LearningLuo, RipengHamm, JungminChan, Emory M2026-06-16ConspectusUpconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) transform low-energy light into higher-energy photons, enabling applications in subwavelength and subsurface imaging, nanoscale sensing, therapeutics, optogenetics, printing, and optical computing. However, the widespread adoption of UCNPs is hindered by their low brightness and limited spectral tunability. Predicting the ideal nanoparticle architectures to overcome these limitations is challenging because UCNP photophysics are governed by highly nonlinear, complex energy transfer networks that span the excited states of lanthanide dopants. Due to the large number of possible combinations of dopants, concentrations, host matrices, heterostructures, and reaction conditions, optimizing the compositional and synthetic parameters of UCNPs using conventional trial-and-error approaches is intractable.This Account explores how researchers can overcome these challenges and enhance the properties of UCNPs using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). We first review how the early foundations of AI-guided discovery were established with automated experimental workflows and physical modeling. Using robotic synthesis platforms and differential rate equation models, researchers have successfully navigated high-dimensional compositional spaces to reveal optical phenomena, such as energy looping and photon avalanching, in nanoparticles.Building on these data-driven approaches, ML has been integrated into UCNP research initially for processing raw characterization data, such as automating the analysis of TEM images and time-resolved luminescence curves. AI approaches have been extended to interpret signals in applications that utilize UCNPs, such as classifying the cytotoxicity of drugs based on upconversion luminescence microscopy data. Most significantly, ML is driving the design of new UCNP compositions and structures, including our recent development of closed-loop active learning of UCNP core-shell heterostructures. By coupling Bayesian optimization with kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations, we achieved 110-fold enhancement in UCNP emission over just 40 iterations. To bypass the steep computational cost of simulating UCNP heterostructures with up to 9 shells, we leveraged differentiable deep learning surrogate models based on heterogeneous graph neural networks to perform inverse design. Notably, these hetero-GNNs were able to extrapolate far outside of the model's training data and predict UCNP heterostructure compositions with 6.5-fold more intense emission than the brightest UCNP in the training set.In the future, we predict that AI/ML approaches will become integral to the UCNP research. UCNP experiments may soon be accelerated by autonomous self-driving laboratories in which robotic synthesis, in-line characterization, and ML agents operate in a closed feedback loop to intelligently investigate underexplored chemical spaces. Large language models (LLMs) could parse literature to develop overarching hypotheses and detailed recipes for these autonomous workflows, with generative models suggesting novel structures to test. Together with human creativity and critical analysis, these AI tools will accelerate the discovery of advanced upconverting nanomaterials, aiding fundamental understanding of their mechanisms and inspiring a broader array of photonic applications.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)03 Chemical Sciences (for)General Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7h70t25chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7h70t25c/qt7h70t25c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.accounts.6c00187articleAccounts of Chemical Research, vol 59, iss 122009 - 2021oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5db177jg2026-09-17T16:26:01Zqt5db177jgAmyloid pathway-based candidate gene analysis of [11C]PiB-PET in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohortSwaminathan, ShankerShen, LiRisacher, Shannon LYoder, Karmen KWest, John DKim, SungeunNho, KwangsikForoud, TatianaInlow, MarkPotkin, Steven GHuentelman, Matthew JCraig, David WJagust, William JKoeppe, Robert AMathis, Chester AJack, Clifford RWeiner, Michael WSaykin, Andrew Jthe Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)2012-03-01Amyloid imaging with [11 C]Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) provides in vivo data on plaque deposition in those with, or at risk for, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We performed a gene-based association analysis of 15 quality-controlled amyloid-pathway associated candidate genes in 103 Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants. The mean normalized PiB uptake value across four brain regions known to have amyloid deposition in AD was used as a quantitative phenotype. The minor allele of an intronic SNP within DHCR24 was identified and associated with a lower average PiB uptake. Further investigation at whole-brain voxel-wise level indicated that non-carriers of the minor allele had higher PiB uptake in frontal regions compared to carriers. DHCR24 has been previously shown to confer resistance against beta-amyloid and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, thus our findings support a neuroprotective role. Pathway-based genetic analysis of targeted molecular imaging phenotypes appears promising to help elucidate disease pathophysiology and identify potential therapeutic targets.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Amyloidosis (mesh)Aniline Compounds (mesh)Benzothiazoles (mesh)Brain (mesh)Carbon Radioisotopes (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)Female (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Positron-Emission Tomography (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Thiazoles (mesh)Alzheimer's diseaseADNIPathway-based gene analysisPiB-PETEndophenotypeVoxel-based analysisAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeBrain (mesh)Humans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Amyloidosis (mesh)Carbon Radioisotopes (mesh)Aniline Compounds (mesh)Thiazoles (mesh)Positron-Emission Tomography (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Benzothiazoles (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Amyloidosis (mesh)Aniline Compounds (mesh)Benzothiazoles (mesh)Brain (mesh)Carbon Radioisotopes (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)Female (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Positron-Emission Tomography (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Thiazoles (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Experimental Psychology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5db177jghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5db177jg/qt5db177jg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s11682-011-9136-1articleBrain Imaging and Behavior, vol 6, iss 11 - 15oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt82g3h3262026-09-17T16:25:38Zqt82g3h326Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experimentXENON CollaborationAprile, EAgostini, FAlfonsi, MArazi, LArisaka, KArneodo, FAuger, MBalan, CBarrow, PBaudis, LBauermeister, BBehrens, ABeltrame, PBrown, ABrown, EBruenner, SBruno, GBudnik, RBütikofer, LCardoso, JMRCoderre, DColijn, APContreras, HCussonneau, JPDecowski, MPGiovanni, A DiDuchovni, EFattori, SFerella, ADFieguth, AFulgione, WGalloway, MGarbini, MGeis, CGoetzke, LWGrignon, CGross, EHampel, WItay, RKaether, FKessler, GKish, ALandsman, HLang, RFCalloch, M LeLellouch, DLevinson, LLevy, CLindemann, SLindner, MLopes, JAMLyashenko, AMacmullin, SUndagoitia, T MarrodánMasbou, JMassoli, FVMayani, DFernandez, AJ MelgarejoMeng, YMessina, MMiguez, BMolinario, AMurra, MNaganoma, JOberlack, UOrrigo, SEAPakarha, PPantic, EPersiani, RPiastra, FPienaar, JPlante, GPriel, NRauch, LReichard, SReuter, CRizzo, ARosendahl, Sdos Santos, JMFSartorelli, GSchindler, SSchreiner, JSchumann, MLavina, L ScottoSelvi, MShagin, PSimgen, HTeymourian, AThers, DTiseni, ATrinchero, GTunnell, CVitells, OWall, RWang, HWeber, MWeinheimer, CLaubenstein, M2015-11-01The low-background, VUV-sensitive 3-inch diameter photomultiplier tube R11410 has been developed by Hamamatsu for dark matter direct detection experiments using liquid xenon as the target material. We present the results from the joint effort between the XENON collaboration and the Hamamatsu company to produce a highly radio-pure photosensor (version R11410-21) for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. After introducing the photosensor and its components, we show the methods and results of the radioactive contamination measurements of the individual materials employed in the photomultiplier production. We then discuss the adopted strategies to reduce the radioactivity of the various PMT versions. Finally, we detail the results from screening 286 tubes with ultra-low background germanium detectors, as well as their implications for the expected electronic and nuclear recoil background of the XENON1T experiment.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMphysics.ins-det0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/82g3h326https://escholarship.org/content/qt82g3h326/qt82g3h326.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3657-5articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 11546oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5d15261n2026-09-17T16:25:07Zqt5d15261nLow energy analysis techniques for CUOREAlduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, AD’Aguanno, DDafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KEMa, YGMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNapolitano, TNastasi, MNones, CNorman, EBNovati, VNucciotti, AO’Donnell, TOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPiperno, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, CRusconi, CSakai, MSangiorgio, S2017-12-01CUORE is a tonne-scale cryogenic detector operating at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) that uses tellurium dioxide bolometers to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 130$$^{130}$$Te. CUORE is also suitable to search for low energy rare events such as solar axions or WIMP scattering, thanks to its ultra-low background and large target mass. However, to conduct such sensitive searches requires improving the energy threshold to 10 keV. In this paper, we describe the analysis techniques developed for the low energy analysis of CUORE-like detectors, using the data acquired from November 2013 to March 2015 by CUORE-0, a single-tower prototype designed to validate the assembly procedure and new cleaning techniques of CUORE. We explain the energy threshold optimization, continuous monitoring of the trigger efficiency, data and event selection, and energy calibration at low energies in detail. We also present the low energy background spectrum of CUORE-0 below 60keV$$60 \, \mathrm {keV}$$. Finally, we report the sensitivity of CUORE to WIMP annual modulation using the CUORE-0 energy threshold and background, as well as an estimate of the uncertainty on the nuclear quenching factor from nuclear recoils inCUORE-0.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-detnucl-exNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d15261nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5d15261n/qt5d15261n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5433-1articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 12857oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt31b9d74r2026-09-17T16:25:01Zqt31b9d74rCUORE sensitivity to 0νββ decayAlduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, ADafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KEMa, YGMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNapolitano, TNastasi, MNones, CNorman, EBNovati, VNucciotti, AO’Donnell, TOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, E2017-08-01We report a study of the CUORE sensitivity to neutrinoless double beta (0νββ$$0
u \beta \beta $$) decay. We used a Bayesian analysis based on a toy Monte Carlo (MC) approach to extract the exclusion sensitivity to the 0νββ$$0
u \beta \beta $$ decay half-life (T1/20ν$$T_{1/2}^{\,0
u }$$) at 90%$$90\%$$ credibility interval (CI) – i.e. the interval containing the true value of T1/20ν$$T_{1/2}^{\,0
u }$$ with 90%$$90\%$$ probability – and the 3σ$$3~\sigma $$ discovery sensitivity. We consider various background levels and energy resolutions, and describe the influence of the data division in subsets with different background levels. If the background level and the energy resolution meet the expectation, CUORE will reach a 90%$$90\%$$ CI exclusion sensitivity of 2·1025$$2\cdot 10^{25}$$ year with 3 months, and 9·1025$$9\cdot 10^{25}$$ year with 5 years of live time. Under the same conditions, the discovery sensitivity after 3 months and 5 years will be 7·1024$$7\cdot 10^{24}$$ year and 4·1025$$4\cdot 10^{25}$$ year, respectively.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-detnucl-exNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/31b9d74rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt31b9d74r/qt31b9d74r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5098-9articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 8532oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4jk448j32026-09-17T16:24:55Zqt4jk448j3Results of CUORE-0 and prospects for the CUORE experimentCanonica, LArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBalata, MBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JBellini, FBersani, ABiassoni, MBrofferio, CBucci, CCai, XZCamacho, ACaminata, ACao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSDafinei, IDally, ADatskov, VDell'Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AEjzak, LFang, DQFarach, HAFaverzani, MFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLi, YLLigi, CLim, KELiu, XMa, YGMaiano, CMaino, MMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SNapolitano, TNisi, SNones, CNorman, EBNucciotti, AO'Donnell, TOrio, FOrlandi, DOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, C2015-08-01The CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) experiment is an array of 741 kg of TeO2 bolometers to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (ββ0ν) of 130Te. The detector is being constructed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) where it will start operation in 2015. To test and demonstrate the possibility of realising such a large scale bolometric detector, a prototype (CUORE-0) has been realised. The CUORE-0 detector is a single tower of 52 CUORE-like bolometers. CUORE-0 data taking started in Spring 2013. The status of CUORE and the first CUORE-0 data are here reported.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Double Beta DecayBolometersNeutrino MassNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jk448j3info:doi/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2015.06.020articleNuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings, vol 26573 - 76oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40g781fh2026-09-17T16:24:39Zqt40g781fhTRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open accessKattge, JensBönisch, GerhardDíaz, SandraLavorel, SandraPrentice, Iain ColinLeadley, PaulTautenhahn, SusanneWerner, Gijsbert DAAakala, TuomasAbedi, MehdiAcosta, Alicia TRAdamidis, George CAdamson, KairiAiba, MasahiroAlbert, Cécile HAlcántara, Julio MC, Carolina AlcázarAleixo, IzabelaAli, HamadaAmiaud, BernardAmmer, ChristianAmoroso, Mariano MAnand, MadhurAnderson, CarolynAnten, NielsAntos, JosephApgaua, Deborah Mattos GuimarãesAshman, Tia‐LynnAsmara, Degi HarjaAsner, Gregory PAspinwall, MichaelAtkin, OwenAubin, IsabelleBaastrup‐Spohr, LarsBahalkeh, KhadijehBahn, MichaelBaker, TimothyBaker, William JBakker, Jan PBaldocchi, DennisBaltzer, JenniferBanerjee, ArindamBaranger, AnneBarlow, JosBarneche, Diego RBaruch, ZdravkoBastianelli, DenisBattles, JohnBauerle, WilliamBauters, MarijnBazzato, ErikaBeckmann, MichaelBeeckman, HansBeierkuhnlein, CarlBekker, ReneeBelfry, GavinBelluau, MichaelBeloiu, MirelaBenavides, RaquelBenomar, LahcenBerdugo‐Lattke, Mary LeeBerenguer, ErikaBergamin, RodrigoBergmann, JoanaCarlucci, Marcos BergmannBerner, LoganBernhardt‐Römermann, MarkusBigler, ChristofBjorkman, Anne DBlackman, ChrisBlanco, CarolinaBlonder, BenjaminBlumenthal, DanaBocanegra‐González, Kelly TBoeckx, PascalBohlman, StephanieBöhning‐Gaese, KatrinBoisvert‐Marsh, LauraBond, WilliamBond‐Lamberty, BenBoom, ArnoudBoonman, Coline CFBordin, KauaneBoughton, Elizabeth HBoukili, VanessaBowman, David MJSBravo, SandraBrendel, Marco RichardBroadley, Martin RBrown, Kerry ABruelheide, HelgeBrumnich, FedericoBruun, Hans HenrikBruy, DavidBuchanan, Serra WBucher, Solveig FranziskaBuchmann, NinaBuitenwerf, RobertBunker, Daniel EBürger, Jana2020-01-01Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.4101 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)Access to Information (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)Ecology (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Plants (mesh)data coveragedata integrationdata representativenessfunctional diversityplant traitsTRY plant trait databaseNutrient NetworkPlants (mesh)Ecology (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)Access to Information (mesh)TRY plant trait databasedata coveragedata integrationdata representativenessfunctional diversityplant traitsAccess to Information (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)Ecology (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Plants (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40g781fhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt40g781fh/qt40g781fh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/gcb.14904articleGlobal Change Biology, vol 26, iss 1119 - 188oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8x2755kg2026-09-17T16:24:17Zqt8x2755kgWho Can Police the Police?Schwartz, Joanna2016-07-01Recent police killings have prompted a national conversation about the need for police reform. Most conversation has concerned the types of reforms that might improve policing. Equal consideration should be given to which actors can most effectively pursue these reforms. In this Essay, I suggest three qualities that police reformers need to be effective: leverage over law enforcement agencies to demand reforms; motivation to improve policing; and resources to do their work. I use this framework to assess the efficacy of those most commonly called upon to reform the police, propose strengthening reformers in the areas in which they are lacking, and suggest ways in which reformers might collaborate to draw on their comparative strengths.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x2755kghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8x2755kg/qt8x2755kg.pdfarticle2016 University of Chicago Legal Forum 437oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rr591302026-09-17T16:21:45Zqt8rr59130Probing the scalar WIMP-pion coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN dataAalbers, JAkerib, DSAl Musalhi, AKAlder, FAmarasinghe, CSAmes, AAnderson, TJAngelides, NAraújo, HMArmstrong, JEArthurs, MBaker, ABalashov, SBang, JBarillier, EEBargemann, JWBeattie, KBenson, TBhatti, ABiekert, ABiesiadzinski, TPBirch, HJBishop, EJBlockinger, GMBoxer, BBrew, CAJBrás, PBurdin, SBuuck, MCarmona-Benitez, MCCarter, MChawla, AChen, HCherwinka, JJChin, YTChott, NIConverse, MVCottle, ACox, GCurran, DDahl, CEDavid, ADelgaudio, JDey, Sde Viveiros, LDi Felice, LDing, CDobson, JEYDruszkiewicz, EEriksen, SRFan, AFearon, NMFieldhouse, NFiorucci, SFlaecher, HFraser, EDFruth, TMAGaitskell, RJGeffre, AGenovesi, JGhag, CGibbons, RGokhale, SGreen, Jvan der Grinten, MGDHaiston, JJHall, CRHan, SHartigan-O’Connor, EHaselschwardt, SJHernandez, MAHertel, SAHeuermann, GHomenides, GJHorn, MHuang, DQHunt, DJacquet, EJames, RSJohnson, JKaboth, ACKamaha, ACKannichankandy, MKhaitan, DKhazov, AKhurana, IKim, YDKim, JKingston, JKirk, RKodroff, DKorley, LKorolkova, EVKraus, HKravitz, SKreczko, LKudryavtsev, VALeonard, DSLesko, KTLevy, C2024-08-31Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of 1.5 × 10−46 cm2 at a 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2 for this interaction.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rr59130info:doi/10.1038/s42005-024-01774-8articleCommunications Physics, vol 7, iss 1292oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4vw746g62026-09-17T16:21:35Zqt4vw746g6Beam energy dependence of rapidity-even dipolar flow in Au+Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-09-01New measurements of directed flow for charged hadrons, characterized by the Fourier coefficient v 1 , are presented for transverse momenta p T , and centrality intervals in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment for the center-of-mass energy range s N N = 7.7 – 200 GeV. The measurements underscore the importance of momentum conservation, and the characteristic dependencies on s N N , centrality and p T are consistent with the expectations of geometric fluctuations generated in the initial stages of the collision, acting in concert with a hydrodynamic-like expansion. The centrality and p T dependencies of v 1 even , as well as an observed similarity between its excitation function and that for v 3 , could serve as constraints for initial-state models. The v 1 even excitation function could also provide an important supplement to the flow measurements employed for precision extraction of the temperature dependence of the specific shear viscosity.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vw746g6https://escholarship.org/content/qt4vw746g6/qt4vw746g6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.07.013articlePhysics Letters B, vol 78426 - 32oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5q93c7nq2026-09-17T16:21:21Zqt5q93c7nqReal-world clinical impact of plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing assayKaur, IshminderShaw, BennettMultani, AshritPham, ChristineMalhotra, SanchiSmith, EthanAdachi, KristinaAllyn, PaulBango, ZackaryBeaird, Omer EugeneCalderaChandrasekaran, SukanthaChan, LynnCheema, RabiaDaouk, SarahDeville, JaimeDong, Huan VinhFan, AustinGarner, OmaiGaynor, PryceGray, HannahGorin, AleksandrKalava, SowmyaKanatani, MeganneKarnaze, AndrewSaleh, TawnySharma, YaminiStauber, StaceyVargas, MoisesVeral, MonetteWinston, DrewYanagimoto-Ogawa, LaurenAldrovandi, GraceNielsen-Saines, KarinFuller, TrevonJackson, NicholasUslan, DanielSchaenman, JoannaVijayan, TaraSakona, AshlynYang, Shangxin2025-05-01OBJECTIVE: To describe the real-world clinical impact of a commercially available plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing assay, the Karius test (KT).
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical impact of KT by clinical panel adjudication. Descriptive statistics were used to study associations of diagnostic indications, host characteristics, and KT-generated microbiologic patterns with the clinical impact of KT. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to further characterize predictors of higher positive clinical impact.
RESULTS: We evaluated 1000 unique clinical cases of KT from 941 patients between January 1, 2017-August 31, 2023. The cohort included adult (70%) and pediatric (30%) patients. The overall clinical impact of KT was positive in 16%, negative in 2%, and no clinical impact in 82% of the cases. Among adult patients, multivariable logistic regression modeling showed that culture-negative endocarditis (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.11-4.53; P .022) and concern for fastidious/zoonotic/vector-borne pathogens (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.11-3.76; P .019) were associated with positive clinical impact of KT. Host immunocompromised status was not reliably associated with a positive clinical impact of KT (OR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.83-1.29; P .7806). No significant predictors of KT clinical impact were found in pediatric patients. Microbiologic result pattern was also a significant predictor of impact.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that despite the positive clinical impact of KT in select situations, most testing results had no clinical impact. We also confirm diagnostic indications where KT may have the highest yield, thereby generating tools for diagnostic stewardship.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Biodefense (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)Humans (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Child (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (mesh)Aged (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Infant (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Humans (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Child (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Infant (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (mesh)Humans (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Child (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (mesh)Aged (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Infant (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Epidemiology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q93c7nqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5q93c7nq/qt5q93c7nq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1017/ice.2024.242articleInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol 46, iss 5504 - 511oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3cb8d6n72026-09-17T16:21:13Zqt3cb8d6n7Measurement of Two-Point Energy Correlators within Jets in p+p Collisions at s=200 GeVAboona, BEAdam, JAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbayev, AAlekseev, IAlpatov, EAlshammri, AKAparin, AAslam, SAtchison, JAverichev, GSBairathi, VBao, XBarish, KBehera, SBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, HSánchez, M Calderón de la BarcaCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChang, YSChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJDale-Gau, GDas, ADedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CFu, TGao, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGupta, AHamed, AHamilton, RJHan, XHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XHHe, YHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YIsshiki, MJacobs, WW2025-09-12Hard-scattered partons ejected from high-energy proton-proton collisions undergo parton shower and hadronization, resulting in collimated collections of particles that are clustered into jets. A substructure observable that highlights the transition between the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes of jet evolution in terms of the angle between two particles is the two-point energy correlator (EEC). In this Letter, the first measurement of the EEC at RHIC is presented, using data taken from 200 GeV p+p collisions by the STAR experiment. The EEC is measured both for all the pairs of particles in jets and separately for pairs with like and opposite electric charges. These measurements demonstrate that the transition between perturbative and nonperturbative effects occurs within an angular region that is consistent with expectations of a universal hadronization regime that scales with jet momentum for a given initiator flavor. Additionally, a deviation from Monte Carlo predictions at small angles in the charge-selected sample could result from mechanics of hadronization not fully captured by current models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR CollaborationNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cb8d6n7https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cb8d6n7/qt3cb8d6n7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/wv2t-dkgnarticlePhysical Review Letters, vol 135, iss 11111901oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2g6681632026-09-17T16:20:56Zqt2g668163Measurement of H Λ 4 and He Λ 4 binding energy in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeVCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAnderson, DMAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtchison, JBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDeppner, IMDhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison, HHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZ2022-11-01Measurements of mass and Λ binding energy of Λ 4 H and Λ 4 He in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeV are presented, with an aim to address the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) problem in hypernuclei systems with atomic number A = 4. The Λ binding energies are measured to be 2.22 ± 0.06 (stat.)±0.14(syst.) MeV and 2.38 ± 0.13 (stat.)±0.12(syst.) MeV for Λ 4 H and Λ 4 He, respectively. The measured Λ binding-energy difference is 0.16 ± 0.14 ( stat . ) ± 0.10 ( syst . ) MeV for ground states. Combined with the γ-ray transition energies, the binding-energy difference for excited states is − 0.16 ± 0.14 ( stat . ) ± 0.10 ( syst . ) MeV, which is negative and comparable to the value of the ground states within uncertainties. These new measurements on the Λ binding-energy difference in A = 4 hypernuclei systems are consistent with the theoretical calculations that result in Δ B Λ 4 ( 1 exc + ) ≈ − Δ B Λ 4 ( 0 g.s. + ) < 0 and present a new method for the study of CSB effect using relativistic heavy-ion collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g668163https://escholarship.org/content/qt2g668163/qt2g668163.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137449articlePhysics Letters B, vol 834137449oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5ts6w48s2026-09-17T16:20:48Zqt5ts6w48sGlobal Λ-hyperon polarization in Au+Au collisions at sNN=3 GeVAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AI2021-12-01Global hyperon polarization, P¯H, in Au+Au collisions over a large range of collision energy, sNN, was recently measured and successfully reproduced by hydrodynamic and transport models with intense fluid vorticity of the quark-gluon plasma. While naïve extrapolation of data trends suggests a large P¯H as the collision energy is reduced, the behavior of P¯H at small sNN<7.7 GeV is unknown. Operating the STAR experiment in fixed-target mode, we measured the polarization of Λ hyperons along the direction of global angular momentum in Au+Au collisions at sNN=3 GeV. The observation of substantial polarization of 4.91±0.81(stat.)±0.15(syst.)% in these collisions may require a reexamination of the viscosity of any fluid created in the collision, of the thermalization timescale of rotational modes, and of hadronic mechanisms to produce global polarization.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ts6w48shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5ts6w48s/qt5ts6w48s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.104.l061901articlePhysical Review C, vol 104, iss 6l061901oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt68g1b51r2026-09-17T16:20:39Zqt68g1b51rMeasurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries of π0 and electromagnetic jets at forward rapidity in 200 and 500 GeV transversely polarized proton-proton collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, L2021-05-01The STAR Collaboration reports measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetry (TSSA) of inclusive π0 at center-of-mass energies (s) of 200 GeV and 500 GeV in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions in the pseudo-rapidity region 2.7 to 4.0. The results at the two different energies show a continuous increase of the TSSA with Feynman-x, and, when compared to previous measurements, no dependence on s from 19.4 GeV to 500 GeV is found. To investigate the underlying physics leading to this large TSSA, different topologies have been studied. π0 with no nearby particles tend to have a higher TSSA than inclusive π0. The TSSA for inclusive electromagnetic jets, sensitive to the Sivers effect in the initial state, is substantially smaller, but shows the same behavior as the inclusive π0 asymmetry as a function of Feynman-x. To investigate final-state effects, the Collins asymmetry of π0 inside electromagnetic jets has been measured. The Collins asymmetry is analyzed for its dependence on the π0 momentum transverse to the jet thrust axis and its dependence on the fraction of jet energy carried by the π0. The asymmetry was found to be small in each case for both center-of-mass energies. All the measurements are compared to QCD-based theoretical calculations for transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions. Some discrepancies are found, which indicates new mechanisms might be involved.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68g1b51rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt68g1b51r/qt68g1b51r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.092009articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 9092009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6ds2v4bz2026-09-17T16:20:33Zqt6ds2v4bzObservation of Excess J/ψ Yield at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sNN=193 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, HSánchez, M Calderón de la BarcaCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-09-27We report on the first measurements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.2 GeV/c) in hadronic Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV. Remarkably, the inferred nuclear modification factor of J/ψ at midrapidity in Au+Au (U+U) collisions reaches about 24 (52) for p_{T}<0.05 GeV/c in the 60%-80% collision centrality class. This noteworthy enhancement cannot be explained by hadronic production accompanied by cold and hot medium effects. In addition, the dN/dt distribution of J/ψ for the very low p_{T} range is presented for the first time. The distribution is consistent with that expected from the Au nucleus and shows a hint of interference. Comparison of the measurements to theoretical calculations of coherent production shows that the excess yield can be described reasonably well and reveals a partial disruption of coherent production in semicentral collisions, perhaps due to the violent hadronic interactions. Incorporating theoretical calculations, the results strongly suggest that the dramatic enhancement of J/ψ yield observed at extremely low p_{T} originates from coherent photon-nucleus interactions. In particular, coherently produced J/ψ's in violent hadronic collisions may provide a novel probe of the quark-gluon plasma.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationhep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ds2v4bzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6ds2v4bz/qt6ds2v4bz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.123.132302articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 123, iss 13132302oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9228t1ff2026-09-17T16:20:26Zqt9228t1ffFirst Observation of the Directed Flow of D0 and D0¯ in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGreiner, LGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SL2019-10-18We report the first measurement of rapidity-odd directed flow (v_{1}) for D^{0} and D^{0}[over ¯] mesons at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In 10-80% Au+Au collisions, the slope of the v_{1} rapidity dependence (dv_{1}/dy), averaged over D^{0} and D^{0}[over ¯] mesons, is -0.080±0.017(stat)±0.016(syst) for transverse momentum p_{T} above 1.5 GeV/c. The absolute value of D^{0} meson dv_{1}/dy is about 25 times larger than that for charged kaons, with 3.4σ significance. These data give a unique insight into the initial tilt of the produced matter, and offer constraints on the geometric and transport parameters of the hot QCD medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exhep-exnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9228t1ffhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9228t1ff/qt9228t1ff.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.123.162301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 123, iss 16162301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2959m8g82026-09-17T16:20:20Zqt2959m8g8Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of D0-meson production at mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHirsch, A2019-03-01We report a new measurement of D0-meson production at mid-rapidity (|y|<1) in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200GeV utilizing the heavy flavor tracker, a high resolution silicon detector at the STAR experiment. Invariant yields of D0 mesons with transverse momentum pT≲9GeV/c are reported in various centrality bins (0–10%, 10–20%, 20–40%, 40–60%, and 60–80%). Blast-wave thermal models are used to fit the D0-meson pT spectra to study D0 hadron kinetic freeze-out properties. The average radial flow velocity extracted from the fit is considerably smaller than that of light hadrons (π,K, and p), but comparable to that of hadrons containing multiple strange quarks (ϕ,Ξ−), indicating that D0 mesons kinetically decouple from the system earlier than light hadrons. The calculated D0 nuclear modification factors reaffirm that charm quarks suffer a large amount of energy loss in the medium, similar to those of light quarks for pT>4GeV/c in central 0–10% Au + Au collisions. At low pT, the nuclear modification factors show a characteristic structure qualitatively consistent with the expectation from model predictions that charm quarks gain sizable collective motion during the medium evolution. The improved measurements are expected to offer new constraints to model calculations and help gain further insights into the hot and dense medium created in these collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2959m8g8https://escholarship.org/content/qt2959m8g8/qt2959m8g8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.99.034908articlePhysical Review C, vol 99, iss 3034908oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6c37t5q42026-09-17T16:20:02Zqt6c37t5q4Υ production in U + U collisions at sNN=193 GeV measured with the STAR experimentAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, HZHuang, B2016-12-01We present a measurement of the inclusive production of Υ mesons in U+U collisions at sNN=193 GeV at midrapidity (|y|<1). Previous studies in central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV show a suppression of Υ(1S+2S+3S) production relative to expectations from the Υ yield in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (Ncoll), with an indication that the Υ(1S) state is also suppressed. The present measurement extends the number of participant nucleons in the collision (Npart) by 20% compared to Au+Au collisions, and allows us to study a system with higher energy density. We observe a suppression in both the Υ(1S+2S+3S) and Υ(1S) yields in central U+U data, which consolidates and extends the previously observed suppression trend in Au+Au collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c37t5q4https://escholarship.org/content/qt6c37t5q4/qt6c37t5q4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.94.064904articlePhysical Review C, vol 94, iss 6064904oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4mn3q13n2026-09-17T16:19:51Zqt4mn3q13nBeam-energy dependence of charge balance functions from Au + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAlford, JAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAverichev, GSBanerjee, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandin, AVBunzarov, IBurton, TPButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DCervantes, MCChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, HFCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCodrington, MJMContin, GCrawford, HJCui, XDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAde Souza, R Derradidi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFengFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AHamed, AHan, L-XHaque, RHarris, JWHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHofman, DJHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, XHuang, HZHuck, PHumanic, TJ2016-08-01Balance functions have been measured in terms of relative pseudorapidity (Δη) for charged particle pairs at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider from Au + Au collisions at sNN=7.7GeV to 200 GeV using the STAR detector. These results are compared with balance functions measured at the CERN Large Hadron Collider from Pb + Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The width of the balance function decreases as the collisions become more central and as the beam energy is increased. In contrast, the widths of the balance functions calculated using shuffled events show little dependence on centrality or beam energy and are larger than the observed widths. Balance function widths calculated using events generated by UrQMD are wider than the measured widths in central collisions and show little centrality dependence. The measured widths of the balance functions in central collisions are consistent with the delayed hadronization of a deconfined quark gluon plasma (QGP). The narrowing of the balance function in central collisions at sNN=7.7 GeV implies that a QGP is still being created at this relatively low energy.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mn3q13nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4mn3q13n/qt4mn3q13n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.94.024909articlePhysical Review C, vol 94, iss 2024909oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2vc2b0412026-09-17T16:19:48Zqt2vc2b041Myths and Mechanics of Deterrence: The Role of Lawsuits in Law Enforcement DecisionmakingSchwartz, Joanna2009-07-01Judicial and scholarly descriptions of the deterrent power of civil rights damages actions rely heavily on the assumption that government officials have enough information about lawsuits alleging misconduct by their officers that they can weigh the costs and benefits of maintaining the status quo. Yet, few question whether or how governments gather and analyze information about suits brought against them. Drawing on extensive documentary evidence and over two dozen interviews, this Article finds that officials rarely have probative information about suits alleging misconduct by their officers. Some departments systematically ignore information from suits. Technological kinks, employee error, and blatant efforts to sabotage combine to undermine other departments’ limited efforts to gather information. It would be a mistake, however, to conclude that civil rights damages actions cannot deter government misconduct. Those law enforcement agencies with systems to gather and analyze probative data have strengthened the deterrent effect of lawsuits. Just as informational regulation has been used to improve corporate, medical, and financial behavior, more robust and effective information policies and practices can increase the impact of lawsuits on law enforcement behavior. In the meantime, however, descriptions of deterrence – and the normative implications that follow – must be recalibrated to reflect the current relationship between litigation, information, and decision-making.civil rightsdeterrencelitigationcourt recordsinformation systemsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vc2b041https://escholarship.org/content/qt2vc2b041/qt2vc2b041.pdfarticleUCLA Law Review, Vol. 57, p. 1023, 2010oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8k31m6hs2026-09-17T16:19:45Zqt8k31m6hsMeasurement of elliptic flow of light nuclei at sNN=200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, THuang, XHuang, BHuang, HZHuck, PHumanic, TJ2016-09-01We present measurements of second-order azimuthal anisotropy (v2) at midrapidity (|y|<1.0) for light nuclei d,t,He3 (for sNN=200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV) and antinuclei d¯ (sNN=200, 62.4, 39, 27, and 19.6 GeV) and He¯3 (sNN=200 GeV) in the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC) experiment. The v2 for these light nuclei produced in heavy-ion collisions is compared with those for p and p¯. We observe mass ordering in nuclei v2(pT) at low transverse momenta (pT<2.0 GeV/c). We also find a centrality dependence of v2 for d and d¯. The magnitude of v2 for t and He3 agree within statistical errors. Light-nuclei v2 are compared with predictions from a blast-wave model. Atomic mass number (A) scaling of light-nuclei v2(pT) seems to hold for pT/A<1.5GeV/c. Results on light-nuclei v2 from a transport-plus-coalescence model are consistent with the experimental measurements.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k31m6hshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8k31m6hs/qt8k31m6hs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.94.034908articlePhysical Review C, vol 94, iss 3034908oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt98v7860w2026-09-17T16:19:26Zqt98v7860wLinear magneto-birefringence as a probe of altermagnetismSunko, VOrenstein, J2026-12-01Altermagnets are a class of magnets that exhibit non-relativistic spin splitting (NRSS) of electronic bands in the absence of net magnetization. Their potential to generate large spin polarization without spin-orbit coupling has created strong interest in probes that access the underlying order parameter directly. In this Perspective, we show that linear magneto-birefringence (LMB) provides a natural and broadly applicable route to detecting altermagnetic order. Building on the correspondence between the momentum-space structure of NRSS and the ferroic ordering of magnetic multipoles in real space, we demonstrate how d-wave and g-wave NRSS textures yield distinct LMB responses. We present a symmetry-based framework that identifies the optical geometries and field configurations required to isolate specific multipole components, enabling domain imaging and providing benchmarks for theoretical models of LMB.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/98v7860whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt98v7860w/qt98v7860w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41535-026-00901-8articlenpj Quantum Materials, vol 11, iss 174oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8h8126h12026-09-17T16:19:10Zqt8h8126h1Measurement of the differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive pp→W±+X production at s=8 TeVKhachatryan, VSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JBrondolin, EDragicevic, MErö, JFlechl, MFriedl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHartl, CHörmann, NHrubec, JJeitler, MKönig, AKrammer, MKrätschmer, ILiko, DMatsushita, TMikulec, IRabady, DRad, NRahbaran, BRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RStrauss, JTreberer-Treberspurg, WWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EMossolov, VShumeiko, NSuarez Gonzalez, JAlderweireldt, SCornelis, TDe Wolf, EAJanssen, XKnutsson, ALauwers, JLuyckx, SVan De Klundert, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NVan Spilbeeck, AAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD’Hondt, JDaci, NDe Bruyn, IDeroover, KHeracleous, NKeaveney, JLowette, SMoortgat, SMoreels, LOlbrechts, APython, QStrom, DTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBrun, HCaillol, CClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GFasanella, GFavart, LGoldouzian, RGrebenyuk, AKarapostoli, GLenzi, TLéonard, AMaerschalk, TMarinov, ARandle-conde, ASeva, TVander Velde, CVanlaer, PYonamine, RZenoni, FZhang, FBenucci, LCimmino, ACrucy, SDobur, DFagot, AGarcia, GGul, MMccartin, JOcampo Rios, AAPoyraz, DRyckbosch, DSalva, SSigamani, M2016-08-01The differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive pp→W±+X→μ±ν+X$$\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\rightarrow \mathrm {W}^{\pm }+X \rightarrow \mu ^{\pm }
u +X$$ production at s=8TeV$$\sqrt{s}=8\,\mathrm{TeV} $$ are measured as a function of muon pseudorapidity. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 18.8fb-1$$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. These results provide important constraints on the parton distribution functions of the proton in the range of the Bjorken scaling variable x from 10-3$$10^{-3}$$ to 10-1$$10^{-1}$$.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h8126h1https://escholarship.org/content/qt8h8126h1/qt8h8126h1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4293-4articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 8469oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7tk8t1fx2026-09-17T16:18:56Zqt7tk8t1fxSearch for massive WH resonances decaying into the ℓνbb¯ final state at s=8TeVKhachatryan, VSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JBrondolin, EDragicevic, MErö, JFlechl, MFriedl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHartl, CHörmann, NHrubec, JJeitler, MKnünz, VKönig, AKrammer, MKrätschmer, ILiko, DMatsushita, TMikulec, IRabady, DRahbaran, BRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RStrauss, JTreberer-Treberspurg, WWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EMossolov, VShumeiko, NSuarez Gonzalez, JAlderweireldt, SCornelis, TDe Wolf, EAJanssen, XKnutsson, ALauwers, JLuyckx, SVan De Klundert, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NVan Spilbeeck, AAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD’Hondt, JDaci, NDe Bruyn, IDeroover, KHeracleous, NKeaveney, JLowette, SMoreels, LOlbrechts, APython, QStrom, DTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Onsem, GPVan Parijs, IBarria, PBrun, HCaillol, CClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GFasanella, GFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKarapostoli, GLenzi, TLéonard, AMaerschalk, TMarinov, APerniè, LRandle-conde, AReis, TSeva, TVander Velde, CVanlaer, PYonamine, RZenoni, FZhang, FBeernaert, KBenucci, LCimmino, ACrucy, SDobur, DFagot, AGarcia, GGul, MMccartin, JOcampo Rios, AAPoyraz, D2016-05-01A search for a massive resonance W′$${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$$decaying into a W and a Higgs boson in the ℓνbb¯$$\ell
u \mathrm{b} \overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ (ℓ=e$$\ell = \mathrm {e}$$, μ$$\mu $$) final state is presented. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7fb-1$$\,\text {fb}^{{-1}}$$ of proton–proton collisions at s=8$$\sqrt{s}=8$$TeV$$~\text {TeV}$$, collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. For a high-mass (≳$$\gtrsim $$1TeV$$~\text {TeV}$$) resonance, the two bottom quarks coming from the Higgs boson decay are reconstructed as a single jet, which can be tagged by placing requirements on its substructure and flavour. Exclusion limits at 95 % confidence level are set on the production cross section of a narrow resonance decaying into WH, as a function of its mass. In the context of a little Higgs model, a lower limit on the W′$${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$$ mass of 1.4TeV$$~\text {TeV}$$ is set. In a heavy vector triplet model that mimics the properties of composite Higgs models, a lower limit on the W′$${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$$ mass of 1.5TeV$$~\text {TeV}$$ is set. In the context of this model, the results are combined with related searches to obtain a lower limit on the W′$${\mathrm{W}^{\prime }}$$ mass of 1.8TeV$$~\text {TeV}$$, the most restrictive to date for decays to a pair of standard model bosons.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tk8t1fxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7tk8t1fx/qt7tk8t1fx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4067-zarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 5237oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt44q8d96b2026-09-17T16:15:57Zqt44q8d96bMultiparticle correlation studies in pPb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHrubec, JJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JDeroover, KFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFasanella, GFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLenzi, TLuetic, JPostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IPoyraz, DRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBakhshiansohi, HBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, A2020-01-01The second- and third-order azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics of charged particles produced in pPb collisions, at sNN=8.16TeV, are studied over a wide range of event multiplicities. Multiparticle correlations are used to isolate global properties stemming from the collision overlap geometry. The second-order “elliptic” harmonic moment is obtained with high precision through four-, six-, and eight-particle correlations and, for the first time, the third-order “triangular” harmonic moment is studied using four-particle correlations. A sample of peripheral PbPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV that covers a similar range of event multiplicities as the pPb results is also analyzed. Model calculations of initial-state fluctuations in pPb and PbPb collisions can be directly compared to the high-precision experimental results. This work provides new insight into the fluctuation-driven origin of the v3 coefficients in pPb and PbPb collisions, and into the dominating overall collision geometry in PbPb collisions at the earliest stages of heavy ion interactions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/44q8d96bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt44q8d96b/qt44q8d96b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.101.014912articlePhysical Review C, vol 101, iss 1014912oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4w03d0tj2026-09-17T16:15:26Zqt4w03d0tjA communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversityThompson, Luke RSanders, Jon GMcDonald, DanielAmir, AmnonLadau, JoshuaLocey, Kenneth JPrill, Robert JTripathi, AnupriyaGibbons, Sean MAckermann, GailNavas-Molina, Jose AJanssen, StefanKopylova, EvgueniaVázquez-Baeza, YoshikiGonzález, AntonioMorton, James TMirarab, SiavashZech Xu, ZhenjiangJiang, LingjingHaroon, Mohamed FKanbar, JadZhu, QiyunJin Song, SeKosciolek, TomaszBokulich, Nicholas ALefler, JoshuaBrislawn, Colin JHumphrey, GregoryOwens, Sarah MHampton-Marcell, JarradBerg-Lyons, DonnaMcKenzie, ValerieFierer, NoahFuhrman, Jed AClauset, AaronStevens, Rick LShade, AshleyPollard, Katherine SGoodwin, Kelly DJansson, Janet KGilbert, Jack AKnight, Rob2017-11-23Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Infection (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)Archaea (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)EarthPlanet (mesh)Ecology (mesh)Gene Dosage (mesh)Geographic Mapping (mesh)Humans (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plants (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)Earth Microbiome Project ConsortiumAnimals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Plants (mesh)Archaea (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)Ecology (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)Gene Dosage (mesh)Geographic Mapping (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)EarthPlanet (mesh)Animals (mesh)Archaea (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)EarthPlanet (mesh)Ecology (mesh)Gene Dosage (mesh)Geographic Mapping (mesh)Humans (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plants (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w03d0tjinfo:doi/10.1038/nature24621articleNature, vol 551, iss 7681457 - 463oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6zr6c0s62026-09-17T16:15:03Zqt6zr6c0s6A measurement of material in the ATLAS tracker using secondary hadronic interactions in 7 TeV pp collisionsAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2016-11-01Knowledge of the material in the ATLAS inner tracking detector is crucial in understanding the reconstruction of charged-particle tracks, the performance of algorithms that identify jets containing b-hadrons and is also essential to reduce background in searches for exotic particles that can decay within the inner detector volume. Interactions of primary hadrons produced in pp collisions with the material in the inner detector are used to map the location and amount of this material. The hadronic interactions of primary particles may result in secondary vertices, which in this analysis are reconstructed by an inclusive vertex-finding algorithm. Data were collected using minimum-bias triggers by the ATLAS detector operating at the LHC during 2010 at centre-of-mass energy √s = 7 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19 nb−1. Kinematic properties of these secondary vertices are used to study the validity of the modelling of hadronic interactions in simulation. Secondary-vertex yields are compared between data and simulation over a volume of about 0.7 m3 around the interaction point, and agreement is found within overall uncertainties.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matterinteractionof photons with matterinteraction of hadrons with matteretc)Performance of High Energy Physics Detectorshep-exhep-ex02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zr6c0s6https://escholarship.org/content/qt6zr6c0s6/qt6zr6c0s6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/11/11/p11020articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 11, iss 11p11020 - p11020oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6rv4j5212026-09-17T16:14:54Zqt6rv4j521Isoprene fluxes measured by enclosure, relaxed eddy accumulation, surface layer gradient, mixed layer gradient, and mixed layer mass balance techniquesGuenther, AlexBaugh, WilliamDavis, KenHampton, GaryHarley, PeterKlinger, LeeVierling, LeeZimmerman, PatrickAllwine, EugeneDilts, SteveLamb, BrianWestberg, HalBaldocchi, DennisGeron, ChrisPierce, Thomas1996-08-20Isoprene fluxes were estimated using eight different measurement techniques at a forested site near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, during July and August 1992. Fluxes from individual leaves and entire branches were estimated with four enclosure systems, including one system that controls leaf temperature and light. Variations in isoprene emission with changes in light, temperature, and canopy depth were investigated with leaf enclosure measurements. Representative emission rates for the dominant vegetation in the region were determined with branch enclosure measurements. Species from six tree genera had negligible isoprene emissions, while significant emissions were observed for Quercus , Liquidambar , and Nyssa species. Above‐canopy isoprene fluxes were estimated with surface layer gradients and relaxed eddy accumulation measurements from a 44‐m tower. Midday net emission fluxes from the canopy were typically 3 to 5 mg C m −2 h −1 , although net isoprene deposition fluxes of −0.2 to −2 mg C m −2 h −1 were occasionally observed in early morning and late afternoon. Above‐canopy CO 2 fluxes estimated by eddy correlation using either an open path sensor or a closed path sensor agreed within ±5%. Relaxed eddy accumulation estimates of CO 2 fluxes were within 15% of the eddy correlation estimates. Daytime isoprene mixing ratios in the mixed layer were investigated with a tethered balloon sampling system and ranged from 0.2 to 5 ppbv, averaging 0.8 ppbv. The isoprene mixing ratios in the mixed layer above the forested landscape were used to estimate isoprene fluxes of 2 to 8 mg C m −2 h −1 with mixed layer gradient and mixed layer mass balance techniques. Total foliar density and dominant tree species composition for an approximately 8100 km 2 region were estimated using high‐resolution (30 m) satellite data with classifications supervised by ground measurements. A biogenic isoprene emission model used to compare flux measurements, ranging from leaf scale (10 cm 2 ) to landscape scale (10 2 km 2 ), indicated agreement to within ±25%, the uncertainty associated with these measurement techniques. Existing biogenic emission models use isoprene emission rate capacities that range from 14.7 to 70 μg C g −1 h −1 (leaf temperature of 30°C and photosynthetically active radiation of 1000 μmol m −2 s −1 ) for oak foliage. An isoprene emission rate capacity of 100 μg C g −1 h −1 for oaks in this region is more realistic and is recommended, based on these measurements.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rv4j521https://escholarship.org/content/qt6rv4j521/qt6rv4j521.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/96jd00697articleJournal of Geophysical Research, vol 101, iss D1318555 - 18567oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt29c9b0kp2026-09-17T16:14:46Zqt29c9b0kpAssembly and Reactions of Artificial Metalloenzymes in Streptomyces albusChakraborty, SukriyoHwang, SoonkyuHuang, JingChen, DongpingChen, YanPetzold, Christopher JClark, Douglas SMukhopadhyay, AindrilaKeasling, Jay DHartwig, John F2026-06-17Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) expand the suite of synthetically valuable, new-to-nature biocatalytic reactions. Integrating these enzymes into biosynthetic pathways enables reactions not found in nature to occur in living cells with the intermediates or products of the metabolic pathways. However, the integration of reactions catalyzed by ArMs into complex metabolic pathways is constrained by the lack of methods to assemble these ArMs in organisms that are commonly used for metabolic engineering. We report the assembly of an iridium-containing artificial metalloenzyme (Ir-ArM) in Streptomyces albus, a Gram-positive bacterial chassis widely used for the heterologous expression of natural products. In this engineered organism, the Ir-ArM assembles in the cytoplasm and catalyzes abiological carbene transfer to the unactivated, disubstituted double bond of an exogenously added terpene with turnover numbers (TONs) that are two times higher than those for the same reaction catalyzed within E. coli cells harboring Ir-ArM and 20 times higher than the TONs for the same reaction catalyzed by the purified holoprotein itself.3405 Organic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Streptomyces (mesh)Metalloproteins (mesh)Iridium (mesh)Biocatalysis (mesh)Streptomyces (mesh)Iridium (mesh)Metalloproteins (mesh)Biocatalysis (mesh)Streptomyces (mesh)Metalloproteins (mesh)Iridium (mesh)Biocatalysis (mesh)03 Chemical Sciences (for)General Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/29c9b0kphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt29c9b0kp/qt29c9b0kp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/jacs.6c00752articleJournal of the American Chemical Society, vol 148, iss 2323416 - 23421oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt16j877jr2026-09-17T16:14:41Zqt16j877jrDiversity-driven biochemical survey reveals widespread dimerization throughout the rubisco superfamilyKehl, Alexander JTaylor-Kearney, LeahJaffe, Alexander LPereira, Jose HenriqueLee, JenniferHammel, MichalWaldburger, Lucas MYeow, CarolineValentin-Alvarado, LuisAdams, Paul DBanfield, Jillian FSiegel, Justin BPrywes, NoamShih, Patrick M2026-06-03Rubisco is the entry point of nearly all organic carbon into the biosphere and is present in all domains of life. Despite its global importance, biochemical studies of this enzyme superfamily have been limited to a relatively narrow set of subclades. Recent advances in metagenomics have dramatically reshaped our understanding of both microbial and rubisco diversity; however, biochemical characterization of these sequences has not kept pace with the exponential growth in sequence data. To better survey the functional and structural diversity of rubisco, we systematically sample and synthesize a library of diverse rubisco sequences with an emphasis on clades that are sparsely represented in the biochemical literature. Our updated phylogenetic analysis reveals that many deep‑branching rubiscos assemble as dimers, supporting a dimeric origin for the superfamily — in contrast to the ecologically dominant hexadecameric form I. Additionally, we discover and structurally characterize an unusually large catalytic subunit among characterized rubiscos, originating from a early-branching subclade with secondary structural elements not present in canonical rubisco architectures.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/16j877jrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt16j877jr/qt16j877jr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-026-73982-5articleNature Communications, vol 17, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8q12j8m82026-09-17T16:13:51Zqt8q12j8m8Improved determination of the sample composition of dimuon events produced in collisions at TeVThe CDF CollaborationAaltonen, TÁlvarezGonzález, BAmerio, SAmidei, DAnastassov, AAnnovi, AAntos, JApollinari, GApresyan, AArisawa, TArtikov, AAsaadi, JAshmanskas, WAuerbach, BAurisano, AAzfar, FBadgett, WBarbaro-Galtieri, ABarnes, VEBarnett, BABarria, PBartos, PBauce, MBedeschi, FBeecher, DBehari, SBellettini, GBellinger, JBenjamin, DBeretvas, ABhatti, ABinkley, MBisello, DBizjak, IBland, KRBlumenfeld, BBocci, ABodek, ABortoletto, DBoudreau, JBoveia, ABrau, BBrigliadori, LBrisuda, ABromberg, CBrucken, EBucciantonio, MBudagov, JBudd, HSBudd, SBurkett, KBusetto, GBussey, PBuzatu, ACalancha, CCamarda, SCampanelli, MCampbell, MCanelli, FCarls, BCarlsmith, DCarosi, RCarrillo, SCarron, SCasal, BCasarsa, MCastro, ACatastini, PCauz, DCavaliere, VCavalli-Sforza, MCerri, ACerrito, LChen, YCChiarelli, GChlachidze, GChlebana, FCho, KChokheli, DChou, JPChung, WHChung, YSCiobanu, CICiocci, MAClark, AClarke, CCompostella, GConvery, MECorbo, MCordelli, MCox, CACox, DJCrescioli, FCuenca Almenar, CCuevas, JDagenhart, Dd’Ascenzo, NDatta, Mde Barbaro, P2011-08-01We use a new method to estimate with 5% accuracy the contribution of pion and kaon in-flight-decays to the dimuon data set acquired with the CDF detector. Based on this improved estimate, we show that the total number and the properties of the collected dimuon events are not yet accounted for by ordinary sources of dimuons which also include the contributions, as measured in the data, of heavy flavor, ϒ, and Drell–Yan production in addition to muons mimicked by hadronic punchthrough. The number of unaccounted events corresponds to (12.8±3.2)% of the $$b\bar{b}$$ production. We find that (23±6)% of the unaccounted events contain additional muon candidates. For comparison, this fraction is (6.9±0.4)% for events due to $$b\bar{b}$$ production.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q12j8m8https://escholarship.org/content/qt8q12j8m8/qt8q12j8m8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1720-4articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 71, iss 81720oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9ph0415g2026-09-17T16:11:03Zqt9ph0415gSearch for narrow resonances lighter than ϒ mesonsCDF CollaborationAaltonen, TAdelman, JAkimoto, TÁlvarez González, BAmerio, SAmidei, DAnastassov, AAnnovi, AAntos, JApollinari, GApresyan, AArisawa, TArtikov, AAshmanskas, WAttal, AAurisano, AAzfar, FBadgett, WBarbaro-Galtieri, ABarnes, VEBarnett, BABarria, PBartsch, VBauer, GBeauchemin, P-HBedeschi, FBeecher, DBehari, SBellettini, GBellinger, JBenjamin, DBeretvas, ABeringer, JBhatti, ABinkley, MBisello, DBizjak, IBlair, REBlocker, CBlumenfeld, BBocci, ABodek, ABoisvert, VBolla, GBortoletto, DBoudreau, JBoveia, ABrau, BBridgeman, ABrigliadori, LBromberg, CBrubaker, EBudagov, JBudd, HSBudd, SBurke, SBurkett, KBusetto, GBussey, PBuzatu, AByrum, KLCabrera, SCalancha, CCampanelli, MCampbell, MCanelli, FCanepa, ACarls, BCarlsmith, DCarosi, RCarrillo, SCarron, SCasal, BCasarsa, MCastro, ACatastini, PCauz, DCavaliere, VCavalli-Sforza, MCerri, ACerrito, LChang, SHChen, YCChertok, MChiarelli, GChlachidze, GChlebana, FCho, KChokheli, DChou, JPChoudalakis, GChuang, SHChung, KChung, WHChung, YSChwalek, TCiobanu, CICiocci, MAClark, A2009-07-01We report a search for narrow resonances, produced in
$$p\bar{p}$$
collisions at
$$\sqrt{s}=1.96$$
TeV, that decay into muon pairs with invariant mass between 6.3 and 9.0 GeV/c2. The data, collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 630 pb−1. We use the dimuon invariant mass distribution to set 90% upper credible limits of about 1% to the ratio of the production cross section times muonic branching fraction of possible narrow resonances to that of the ϒ(1S) meson.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ph0415ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9ph0415g/qt9ph0415g.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1057-4articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 62, iss 2319 - 326oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2hp2p8vf2026-09-17T16:10:54Zqt2hp2p8vfBeam-energy dependence of correlations between mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions at RHICAboona, BEAdam, JAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbayev, AAlekseev, IAlpatov, EAlshammri, AKAparin, AAslam, SAtchison, JAverichev, GSBairathi, VBao, XBarik, PBarish, KBehera, SBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, HDe La Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChang, YSChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, LChen, QChen, WChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJDale-Gau, GDas, ADe Souza Lemos, DDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEl-Feky, YSEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFan, BFang, YFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, HFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, BFu, CFu, TGao, TGao, YGarcia, GGeurts, FGibson, AGiri, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGu, JGupta, AHamed, AHamilton, RJHan, JHan, XHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XH2026-05-01The correlation between the mean transverse momentum, [p T], and the squared anisotropic flow, v n 2 , on an event-by-event basis has been suggested to be influenced by the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the variances and covariance of [p T] and v n 2 , along with their dimensionless ratio, for Au+Au collisions at various beam energies: s N N = 14.6, 19.6, 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV. Our measurements reveal a distinct energy-dependent behavior in the variances and covariances. In addition, the dimensionless ratio displays a similar behavior across different beam energies. We compare our measurements with hydrodynamic models and similar measurements from Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These findings provide valuable insights into the beam energy dependence of the specific shear viscosity (η/s) and initial-state effects, allowing for differentiating between different initial-state models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CollectivityCorrelationShear viscosityTransverse momentum correlationsNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2p8vfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2hp2p8vf/qt2hp2p8vf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140378articlePhysics Letters B, vol 876140378oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3k01r8ws2026-09-17T16:10:44Zqt3k01r8wsProbing the Gluonic Structure of the Deuteron with J/ψ Photoproduction in d+Au Ultraperipheral CollisionsAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbaev, AAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JW2022-03-25Understanding gluon density distributions and how they are modified in nuclei are among the most important goals in nuclear physics. In recent years, diffractive vector meson production measured in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) at heavy-ion colliders has provided a new tool for probing the gluon density. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction off the deuteron in UPCs at the center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV in d+Au collisions. The differential cross section as a function of momentum transfer -t is measured. In addition, data with a neutron tagged in the deuteron-going zero-degree calorimeter is investigated for the first time, which is found to be consistent with the expectation of incoherent diffractive scattering at low momentum transfer. Theoretical predictions based on the color glass condensate saturation model and the leading twist approximation nuclear shadowing model are compared with the data quantitatively. A better agreement with the saturation model has been observed. With the current measurement, the results are found to be directly sensitive to the gluon density distribution of the deuteron and the deuteron breakup process, which provides insights into the nuclear gluonic structure.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR CollaborationNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k01r8wshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3k01r8ws/qt3k01r8ws.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.128.122303articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 128, iss 12122303oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt247049w62026-09-17T16:10:37Zqt247049w6Azimuthal anisotropy measurements of strange and multistrange hadrons in U+U collisions at sNN=193 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, S2021-06-01We present systematic measurements of azimuthal anisotropy for strange and multistrange hadrons (Ks0, Λ, Ξ, and Ω) and ϕ mesons at midrapidity (|y|< 1.0) in collisions of U+U nuclei at sNN=193 GeV, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Transverse momentum (pT) dependence of flow coefficients (v2, v3, and v4) is presented for minimum bias collisions and three different centrality intervals. Number of constituent quark scaling of the measured flow coefficients in U+U collisions is discussed. We also present the ratio of vn scaled by the participant eccentricity (ɛn2) to explore system size dependence and collectivity in U+U collisions. The magnitude of v2/ɛ2 is found to be smaller in U+U collisions than that in central Au+Au collisions contradicting naive eccentricity scaling. Furthermore, the ratios between various flow harmonics (v3/v23/2, v4/v24/2) are studied and compared with hydrodynamic and transport model calculations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/247049w6https://escholarship.org/content/qt247049w6/qt247049w6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.103.064907articlePhysical Review C, vol 103, iss 6064907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8wr5s8t72026-09-17T16:10:31Zqt8wr5s8t7Measurement of groomed jet substructure observables in p+p collisions at s = 200 GeV with STARAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZ2020-12-01In this letter, measurements of the shared momentum fraction ( z g ) and the groomed jet radius ( R g ), as defined in the SoftDrop algorithm, are reported in p+p collisions at s = 200 GeV collected by the STAR experiment. These substructure observables are differentially measured for jets of varying resolution parameters from R = 0.2 − 0.6 in the transverse momentum range 15 < p T , jet < 60 GeV/c. These studies show that, in the p T , jet range accessible at s = 200 GeV and with increasing jet resolution parameter and jet transverse momentum, the z g distribution asymptotically converges to the DGLAP splitting kernel for a quark radiating a gluon. The groomed jet radius measurements reflect a momentum-dependent narrowing of the jet structure for jets of a given resolution parameter, i.e., the larger the p T , jet , the narrower the first splitting. For the first time, these fully corrected measurements are compared to Monte Carlo generators with leading order QCD matrix elements and leading log in the parton shower, and to state-of-the-art theoretical calculations at next-to-leading-log accuracy. We observe that PYTHIA 6 with parameters tuned to reproduce RHIC measurements is able to quantitatively describe data, whereas PYTHIA 8 and HERWIG 7, tuned to reproduce LHC data, are unable to provide a simultaneous description of both z g and R g , resulting in opportunities for fine parameter tuning of these models for p+p collisions at RHIC energies. We also find that the theoretical calculations without non-perturbative corrections are able to qualitatively describe the trend in data for jets of large resolution parameters at high p T , jet , but fail at small jet resolution parameters and low jet transverse momenta.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Jet substructureSoftDropSplitting functionGroomed jet radiushep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wr5s8t7https://escholarship.org/content/qt8wr5s8t7/qt8wr5s8t7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135846articlePhysics Letters B, vol 811135846oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4w48v8362026-09-17T16:10:25Zqt4w48v836Tracking the redox reaction of the iron enzyme ribonucleotide reductase using continuous SerialED and SFXPacoste, LauraKumar, RohitSrinivas, VivekMakita, HirokiSimon, Philipp SBannerjee, RahulMinnetian, Natalie MBhowmick, AsmitPaley, Daniel WMittan-Moreau, David WChatterjee, KuntalRosenberg, Daniel JBatyuk, AlexanderGee, Leland BAlonso-Mori, RobertoSauter, Nicholas KYano, JunkoYachandra, Vittal KJohn, JulianeAurelius, OskarBrewster, Aaron SKern, Jan FBlomberg, BusterLebrette, HugoXu, HongyiHofer, GerhardHögbom, MartinZou, Xiaodong2026-06-01Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) and continuous serial electron diffraction (c-SerialED) both enable high-resolution structure determination from protein microcrystals with minimal radiation damage, making it ideal for studying redox-active metalloenzymes. Here, c-SerialED and SFX were used to solve structures of the class Ia ribonucleotide reductase R2 subunit in oxidized (FeIII-FeIII), reduced (FeII-FeII), and re-oxidized states at ∼1.8 Å resolution, capturing three points in a redox reaction. These results demonstrate that c-SerialED can track reversible changes at the redox-site, enabling future time-resolved studies. Comparison between c-SerialED structures and SFX diffraction and emission data confirmed minimal radiation damage. Furthermore, previously reported structures use mercury in the crystallization condition and show mercury-induced conformational changes. Here, we use mercury-free crystallization conditions and reveal a water molecule in the redox center of the reduced state, absent in the previous structures, making these structures more representative of the physiological state.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Ribonucleotide Reductases (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Iron (mesh)Iron (mesh)Ribonucleotide Reductases (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)electrostatic potential mapsmetalloenzymesmicrocrystalsoxidation stateradiation damageribonucleotide reductaseserial electron diffractionserial femtosecond crystallographytime-resolved crystallographyOxidation-Reduction (mesh)Ribonucleotide Reductases (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Iron (mesh)03 Chemical Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)08 Information and Computing Sciences (for)Biophysics (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w48v836https://escholarship.org/content/qt4w48v836/qt4w48v836.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.str.2026.03.006articleStructure, vol 34, iss 6901 - 914.e6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8jv639r32026-09-17T16:10:18Zqt8jv639r3Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Λ, Λ¯, K±, Ks0, and ϕ in Au+Au CollisionsAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JW2018-02-09Rapidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ, Λ[over ¯], K^{±}, K_{s}^{0}, and ϕ at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au+Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. Results show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationhep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jv639r3https://escholarship.org/content/qt8jv639r3/qt8jv639r3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.120.062301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 120, iss 6062301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69z9z8b62026-09-17T16:10:10Zqt69z9z8b6Azimuthal transverse single-spin asymmetries of inclusive jets and charged pions within jets from polarized-proton collisions at s=500 GeVAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, XChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeng, JDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2018-02-01We report the first measurements of transverse single-spin asymmetries for inclusive jet and jet+π± production at midrapidity from transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at s=500 GeV. The data were collected in 2011 with the STAR detector sampled from 23 pb-1 integrated luminosity with an average beam polarization of 53%. Asymmetries are reported for jets with transverse momenta 65106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69z9z8b6https://escholarship.org/content/qt69z9z8b6/qt69z9z8b6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.97.032004articlePhysical Review D, vol 97, iss 3032004oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3ch2m50z2026-09-17T16:10:04Zqt3ch2m50zEnergy dependence of J/ψ production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=39,62.4 and 200GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, L2017-08-01The inclusive J/ψ transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors are reported at mid-rapidity (|y|<1.0) in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV taken by the STAR experiment. A suppression of J/ψ production, with respect to the production in p+p scaled by the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions, is observed in central Au+Au collisions at these three energies. No significant energy dependence of nuclear modification factors is found within uncertainties. The measured nuclear modification factors can be described by model calculations that take into account both suppression of direct J/ψ production due to the color screening effect and J/ψ regeneration from recombination of uncorrelated charm–anticharm quark pairs.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ch2m50zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3ch2m50z/qt3ch2m50z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.078articlePhysics Letters B, vol 77113 - 20oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2n30t3392026-09-17T16:09:48Zqt2n30t339Measurement of interaction between antiprotonsAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAlford, JAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAverichev, GSBairathi, VBanerjee, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DCervantes, MCChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHofman, DJHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, XHuck, PHumanic, TJ2015-11-01The interaction between antiprotons, produced by colliding high-energy gold ions, is shown to be attractive, and two important parameters of this interaction are measured, namely the scattering length and the effective range.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exhep-exnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2n30t339https://escholarship.org/content/qt2n30t339/qt2n30t339.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/nature15724articleNature, vol 527, iss 7578345 - 348oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55c1h68f2026-09-17T16:09:36Zqt55c1h68fFCC-ee: The Lepton ColliderAbada, AAbbrescia, MAbdusSalam, SSAbdyukhanov, IAbelleira Fernandez, JAbramov, AAburaia, MAcar, AOAdzic, PRAgrawal, PAguilar-Saavedra, JAAguilera-Verdugo, JJAiba, MAichinger, IAielli, GAkay, AAkhundov, AAksakal, HAlbacete, JLAlbergo, SAlekou, AAleksa, MAleksan, RAlemany Fernandez, RMAlexahin, YAlía, RGAlioli, SAlipour Tehrani, NAllanach, BCAllport, PPAltınlı, MAltmannshofer, WAmbrosio, GAmorim, DAmstutz, OAnderlini, LAndreazza, AAndreini, MAndriatis, AAndris, CAndronic, AAngelucci, MAntinori, FAntipov, SAAntonelli, MAntonello, MAntonioli, PAntusch, SAnulli, FApolinário, LApollinari, GApollonio, AAppelö, DAppleby, RBApyan, AApyan, AArbey, AArbuzov, AArduini, GArı, VArias, SArmesto, NArnaldi, RArsenyev, SAArzeo, MAsai, SAslanides, EAßmann, RWAstapovych, DAtanasov, MAtieh, SAttié, DAuchmann, BAudurier, AAull, SAumon, SAune, SAvino, FAvrillaud, GAydın, GAzatov, AAzuelos, GAzzi, PAzzolini, OAzzurri, PBacchetta, NBacchiocchi, EBachacou, HBaek, YWBaglin, VBai, YBaird, SBaker, MJBaldwin, MJBall, AHBallarino, ABanerjee, SBarber, DPBarducci, DBarjhoux, P2019-06-01Abstract
In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today’s technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)Applied Physics (science-metrix)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55c1h68finfo:doi/10.1140/epjst/e2019-900045-4articleThe European Physical Journal Special Topics, vol 228, iss 2261 - 623oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84m3j4fn2026-09-17T16:09:25Zqt84m3j4fnA review of maternal prenatal exposures to environmental chemicals and psychosocial stressors—implications for research on perinatal outcomes in the ECHO programPadula, Amy MMonk, CatherineBrennan, Patricia ABorders, AnnBarrett, Emily SMcEvoy, Cindy TFoss, SophieDesai, PreeyaAlshawabkeh, AkramWurth, ReneeSalafia, CarolynFichorova, RainaVarshavsky, JuliaKress, AmiiWoodruff, Tracey JMorello-Frosch, Rachel2020-01-01Exposures to environmental chemicals and psychosocial stressors during pregnancy have been individually associated with adverse perinatal outcomes related to birthweight and gestational age, but are not often considered in combination. We review types of psychosocial stressors and instruments used to assess them and classes of environmental chemical exposures that are known to adversely impact perinatal outcomes, and identify studies relevant studies. We discuss the National Institutes of Health’s Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program that has combined existing longitudinal cohorts that include more than 50,000 children across the U.S. We describe future opportunities for investigators to use this important new resource for addressing relevant and critical research questions to maternal health. Of the 84 cohorts in ECHO, 38 collected data on environmental chemicals and psychosocial stressors and perinatal outcomes. The diverse ECHO pregnancy cohorts provide capacity to compare regions with distinct place-based environmental and social stressors.3215 Reproductive Medicine (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Maternal Health (rcdc)Minority Health (rcdc)Pregnancy (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Maternal Morbidity and Mortality (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods (rcdc)2.3 Psychologicalsocial and economic factors (hrcs-rac)Reproductive health and childbirth (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Biomarkers (mesh)Birth Weight (mesh)Environmental Monitoring (mesh)Environmental Pollution (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)InfantNewborn (mesh)Maternal Exposure (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects (mesh)Racism (mesh)Social Class (mesh)StressPsychological (mesh)program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health OutcomesHumans (mesh)Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects (mesh)Birth Weight (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)StressPsychological (mesh)Environmental Pollution (mesh)Environmental Monitoring (mesh)Maternal Exposure (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Social Class (mesh)InfantNewborn (mesh)Female (mesh)Racism (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Birth Weight (mesh)Environmental Monitoring (mesh)Environmental Pollution (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)InfantNewborn (mesh)Maternal Exposure (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects (mesh)Racism (mesh)Social Class (mesh)StressPsychological (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine (for)Pediatrics (science-metrix)3213 Paediatrics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84m3j4fnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt84m3j4fn/qt84m3j4fn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41372-019-0510-yarticleJournal of Perinatology, vol 40, iss 110 - 24oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5zc8x2r42026-09-17T16:09:03Zqt5zc8x2r4Hierarchical Bayesian method for mapping biogeochemical hot spots using induced polarization imagingWainwright, Haruko MOrozco, Adrian FloresBücker, MatthiasDafflon, BaptisteChen, JinsongHubbard, Susan SWilliams, Kenneth H2016-01-01Abstract In floodplain environments, a naturally reduced zone (NRZ) is considered to be a common biogeochemical hot spot, having distinct microbial and geochemical characteristics. Although important for understanding their role in mediating floodplain biogeochemical processes, mapping the subsurface distribution of NRZs over the dimensions of a floodplain is challenging, as conventional wellbore data are typically spatially limited and the distribution of NRZs is heterogeneous. In this study, we present an innovative methodology for the probabilistic mapping of NRZs within a three‐dimensional (3‐D) subsurface domain using induced polarization imaging, which is a noninvasive geophysical technique. Measurements consist of surface geophysical surveys and drilling‐recovered sediments at the U.S. Department of Energy field site near Rifle, CO (USA). Inversion of surface time domain‐induced polarization (TDIP) data yielded 3‐D images of the complex electrical resistivity, in terms of magnitude and phase, which are associated with mineral precipitation and other lithological properties. By extracting the TDIP data values colocated with wellbore lithological logs, we found that the NRZs have a different distribution of resistivity and polarization from the other aquifer sediments. To estimate the spatial distribution of NRZs, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to integrate the geophysical and wellbore data. In addition, the resistivity images were used to estimate hydrostratigraphic interfaces under the floodplain. Validation results showed that the integration of electrical imaging and wellbore data using a Bayesian hierarchical model was capable of mapping spatially heterogeneous interfaces and NRZ distributions thereby providing a minimally invasive means to parameterize a hydrobiogeochemical model of the floodplain.
Key Points: Naturally reduced zones (NRZs) are considered to be biogeochemical hot spots under floodplains We developed a noninvasive probabilistic mapping method of NRZs using induced polarization imaging This method provides a minimally invasive means to parameterize a floodplain biogeochemical model37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)3706 Geophysics (for-2020)14 Life Below Water (sdg)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0905 Civil Engineering (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)Environmental Engineering (science-metrix)3707 Hydrology (for-2020)4005 Civil engineering (for-2020)4011 Environmental engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zc8x2r4https://escholarship.org/content/qt5zc8x2r4/qt5zc8x2r4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/2015wr017763articleWater Resources Research, vol 52, iss 1533 - 551oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5pc3d0qt2026-09-17T16:08:59Zqt5pc3d0qtDecay and Fission Hindrance of Two- and Four-Quasiparticle K Isomers in Rf254David, HMChen, JSeweryniak, DKondev, FGGates, JMGregorich, KEAhmad, IAlbers, MAlcorta, MBack, BBBaartman, BBertone, PFBernstein, LACampbell, CMCarpenter, MPChiara, CJClark, RMCromaz, MDoherty, DTDracoulis, GDEsker, NEFallon, PGothe, ORGreene, JPGreenlees, PTHartley, DJHauschild, KHoffman, CRHota, SSJanssens, RVFKhoo, TLKonki, JKwarsick, JTLauritsen, TMacchiavelli, AOMudder, PRNair, CQiu, YRissanen, JRogers, AMRuotsalainen, PSavard, GStolze, SWiens, AZhu, S2015-09-25Two isomers decaying by electromagnetic transitions with half-lives of 4.7(1.1) and 247(73) μs have been discovered in the heavy ^{254}Rf nucleus. The observation of the shorter-lived isomer was made possible by a novel application of a digital data acquisition system. The isomers were interpreted as the K^{π}=8^{-}, ν^{2}(7/2^{+}[624],9/2^{-}[734]) two-quasineutron and the K^{π}=16^{+}, 8^{-}ν^{2}(7/2^{+}[624],9/2^{-}[734])⊗8^{-}π^{2}(7/2^{-}[514],9/2^{+}[624]) four-quasiparticle configurations, respectively. Surprisingly, the lifetime of the two-quasiparticle isomer is more than 4 orders of magnitude shorter than what has been observed for analogous isomers in the lighter N=150 isotones. The four-quasiparticle isomer is longer lived than the ^{254}Rf ground state that decays exclusively by spontaneous fission with a half-life of 23.2(1.1) μs. The absence of sizable fission branches from either of the isomers implies unprecedented fission hindrance relative to the ground state.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)NSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pc3d0qthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5pc3d0qt/qt5pc3d0qt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.115.132502articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 115, iss 13132502oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5359b7tz2026-09-17T16:08:48Zqt5359b7tzApical localization of RNA polymerases modulates transcription dynamics and supercoiling domains revealed by cryo-ETZhang, MengCañari-Chumpitaz, CristhianLiu, JianfangOnoa, Bibianade Cleir, SineadCheng, EnzeRequejo, Katherinne IBustamante, Carlos2026-06-01Protein interactions with canonical B-form DNA are well characterized, yet the effect of torsionally constrained DNA on these interactions-ubiquitous in cells-remains underexplored. Using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we 3D-reconstructed entire negatively supercoiled DNA substrates bound to active RNA polymerase (RNAP), revealing diverse DNA supercoiling conformations and their interplay with transcription. RNAP preferentially localizes at plectoneme apices in a swiveled, pause-prone state. RNAP, along with other DNA-melting proteins such as dCas9, can act as torsional roadblocks that segregate "twin-supercoiling domains" during active transcription, independent of external DNA/RNAP tethering. Co-transcribing RNAPs further intensify this domain separation: tandem-oriented RNAPs relieve negative supercoiling more effectively than opposing ones and promote greater RNAP accumulation and enhanced elongation, both in vitro and in vivo. Topoisomerase I relieves torsional stress and facilitates RNAP escape from apical stalls, thereby supporting apical transcription regulation. Together, these findings support a load-and-release mechanism at plectoneme apices that may underlie supercoiling-dependent transcriptional bursting.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases (mesh)DNASuperhelical (mesh)TranscriptionGenetic (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)DNA TopoisomerasesType I (mesh)Nucleic Acid Conformation (mesh)Escherichia coli Proteins (mesh)Electron Microscope Tomography (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)DNA TopoisomerasesType I (mesh)DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases (mesh)Escherichia coli Proteins (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)DNASuperhelical (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)TranscriptionGenetic (mesh)Nucleic Acid Conformation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Electron Microscope Tomography (mesh)DNA supercoilingRNA polymeraseapical binding localizationconvergent transcriptioncryo-electron tomographydCas9divergent transcriptiontopoisomerasetorsional blocktwin supercoiling domainsDNA-Directed RNA Polymerases (mesh)DNASuperhelical (mesh)TranscriptionGenetic (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)DNA TopoisomerasesType I (mesh)Nucleic Acid Conformation (mesh)Escherichia coli Proteins (mesh)Electron Microscope Tomography (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5359b7tzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5359b7tz/qt5359b7tz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.molcel.2026.04.013articleMolecular Cell, vol 86, iss 112070 - 2087.e12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt17n103v72026-09-17T16:06:46Zqt17n103v7Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS ExperimentsAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2015-05-15A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H→γγ and H→ZZ→4ℓ decay channels. The results are obtained from a simultaneous fit to the reconstructed invariant mass peaks in the two channels and for the two experiments. The measured masses from the individual channels and the two experiments are found to be consistent among themselves. The combined measured mass of the Higgs boson is m_{H}=125.09±0.21 (stat)±0.11 (syst) GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationCMS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/17n103v7https://escholarship.org/content/qt17n103v7/qt17n103v7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.114.191803articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 114, iss 19191803oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8744z0nw2026-09-17T16:02:53Zqt8744z0nwCombined search for supersymmetry with photons in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, INiedziela, MRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, ALemaitre, VMagitteri, APrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M VidalVischia, PZobec, JAlves, FL2020-02-01A combination of four searches for new physics involving signatures with at least one photon and large missing transverse momentum, motivated by generalized models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking, is presented. All searches make use of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV, which were recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Signatures with at least one photon and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with two isolated photons, events with a lepton and a photon, events with additional jets, and events with at least one high-energy photon. No excess of events is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes, and limits are set in the context of gauge-mediated SUSY. Compared to the individual searches, the combination extends the sensitivity to gauge-mediated SUSY in both electroweak and strong production scenarios by up to 100 GeV in neutralino and chargino masses, and yields the first CMS result combining various SUSY searches in events with photons at s = 13 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsSupersymmetryGauge-mediated supersymmetryhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8744z0nwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8744z0nw/qt8744z0nw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135183articlePhysics Letters B, vol 801135183oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69d164r02026-09-17T16:02:42Zqt69d164r0Measurement of the single top quark and antiquark production cross sections in the t channel and their ratio in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHrubec, JJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DTaurok, AWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JPieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JDeroover, KFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFasanella, GFavart, LGoldouzian, RGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLenzi, TLuetic, JPostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IPoyraz, DRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBakhshiansohi, HBondu, OBrochet, SBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, C2020-01-01Measurements of the cross sections for the production of single top quarks and antiquarks in the t channel, and their ratio, are presented for proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set used was recorded in 2016 by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Events with one muon or electron are selected, and different categories of jet and b jet multiplicity and multivariate discriminators are applied to separate the signal from the background. The cross sections for the t-channel production of single top quarks and antiquarks are measured to be 130 ± 1 ( stat ) ± 19 ( syst ) pb and 77 ± 1 ( stat ) ± 12 ( syst ) pb , respectively, and their ratio is 1.68 ± 0.02 ( stat ) ± 0.05 ( syst ) . The results are in agreement with the predictions from the standard model.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsTop quarkSingle topCross sectionhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69d164r0https://escholarship.org/content/qt69d164r0/qt69d164r0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135042articlePhysics Letters B, vol 800135042oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9ns828422026-09-17T16:02:29Zqt9ns82842Observation of nuclear modifications in W± boson production in pPb collisions at s NN = 8.16 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHrubec, JJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DTaurok, AWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JPieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Bruyn, IDe Clercq, JDeroover, KFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFasanella, GFavart, LGoldouzian, RGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLenzi, TLuetic, JPostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IPoyraz, DRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBakhshiansohi, HBondu, OBrochet, SBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, P2020-01-01The production of W ± bosons is studied in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of s NN = 8.16 TeV . Measurements are performed in the W ± → μ ± ν μ channel using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 173.4 ± 6.1 nb − 1 , collected by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC. The number of positively and negatively charged W bosons is determined separately in the muon pseudorapidity region in the laboratory frame | η lab μ | < 2.4 and transverse momentum p T μ > 25 GeV / c . The W ± boson differential cross sections, muon charge asymmetry, and the ratios of W ± boson yields for the proton-going over the Pb-going beam directions are reported as a function of the muon pseudorapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame. The measurements are compared to the predictions from theoretical calculations based on parton distribution functions (PDFs) at next-to-leading-order. The results favour PDF calculations that include nuclear modifications and provide constraints on the nuclear PDF global fits.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSHeavy ionsElectroweakW bosonpPbnPDFhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ns82842https://escholarship.org/content/qt9ns82842/qt9ns82842.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135048articlePhysics Letters B, vol 800135048oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7p46d3z62026-09-17T16:02:19Zqt7p46d3z6Search for anomalous electroweak production of vector boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHrubec, JJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JDeroover, KFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, AKrintiras, GLemaitre, VMagitteri, APiotrzkowski, K2019-11-01A search for anomalous electroweak production of WW, WZ, and ZZ boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV at the LHC is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 collected with the CMS detector. Events are selected by requiring two jets with large rapidity separation and invariant mass, one or two leptons (electrons or muons), and a W or Z boson decaying hadronically. No excess of events with respect to the standard model background predictions is observed and constraints on the structure of quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of dimension-8 effective field theory operators are reported. Stringent limits on parameters of the effective field theory operators are obtained. The observed 95% confidence level limits for the S0, M0, and T0 operators are − 2.7 < f S0 / Λ 4 < 2.7 , − 1.0 < f M0 / Λ 4 < 1.0 , and − 0.17 < f T0 / Λ 4 < 0.16 , in units of TeV−4. Constraints are also reported on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for vector boson fusion production of charged Higgs bosons as a function of mass from 600 to 2000 GeV. The results are interpreted in the context of the Georgi–Machacek model.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsVBSCharged Higgshep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p46d3z6https://escholarship.org/content/qt7p46d3z6/qt7p46d3z6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134985articlePhysics Letters B, vol 798134985oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt68n4j65r2026-09-17T16:01:59Zqt68n4j65rCentrality dependence of inclusive J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVThe ALICE collaborationAdam, JAdamová, DAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAimo, IAiola, SAjaz, MAkindinov, AAlam, SNAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlexandre, DAlfaro Molina, RAlici, AAlkin, AAlmaraz, JRMAlme, JAlt, TAltinpinar, SAltsybeev, IAlves Garcia Prado, CAndrei, CAndronic, AAnguelov, VAnielski, JAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArmesto, NArnaldi, RArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBach, MBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABaltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, FBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartke, JBartsch, EBasile, MBastid, NBasu, SBathen, BBatigne, GBatista Camejo, ABatyunya, BBatzing, PCBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBelmont, RBelmont-Moreno, EBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBerceanu, IBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhasin, ABhat, IRBhati, AKBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, LBianchi, NBianchin, CBielčík, J2015-11-01We present a measurement of inclusive J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ TeV as a function of the centrality of the collision, as estimated from the energy deposited in the Zero Degree Calorimeters. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector down to zero transverse momentum, pT, in the backward (−4.46 < ycms< −2.96) and forward (2.03 < ycms< 3.53) rapidity intervals in the dimuon decay channel and in the mid-rapidity region (−1.37 < ycms< 0.43) in the dielectron decay channel. The backward and forward rapidity intervals correspond to the Pb-going and p-going direction, respectively. The pT-differential J/ψ production cross section at backward and forward rapidity is measured for several centrality classes, together with the corresponding average pT and pT2 values. The nuclear modification factor is presented as a function of centrality for the three rapidity intervals, and as a function of pT for several centrality classes at backward and forward rapidity. At mid- and forward rapidity, the J/ψ yield is suppressed up to 40% compared to that in pp interactions scaled by the number of binary collisions. The degree of suppression increases towards central p-Pb collisions at forward rapidity, and with decreasing pT of the J/ψ. At backward rapidity, the nuclear modification factor is compatible with unity within the total uncertainties, with an increasing trend from peripheral to central p-Pb collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Quark gluon plasmaQCDHeavy Ions0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68n4j65rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt68n4j65r/qt68n4j65r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep11(2015)127articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 11127oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rj3d4jk2026-09-17T16:01:33Zqt5rj3d4jkLongitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized proton collisions at s=200 GeVAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, S2021-05-01We report high-precision measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for midrapidity inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV. The new inclusive jet data are sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, Δg(x,Q2), for gluon momentum fractions in the range from x≃0.05 to x≃0.5, while the new dijet data provide further constraints on the x dependence of Δg(x,Q2). The results are in good agreement with previous measurements at s=200 GeV and with recent theoretical evaluations of prior world data. Our new results have better precision and thus strengthen the evidence that Δg(x,Q2) is positive for x>0.05.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rj3d4jkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5rj3d4jk/qt5rj3d4jk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.l091103articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 9l091103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3s4738wx2026-09-17T16:01:26Zqt3s4738wxBeam energy dependence of net-Λ fluctuations measured by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, XHumanic, TJ2020-08-01The measurements of particle multiplicity distributions have generated considerable interest in understanding the fluctuations of conserved quantum numbers in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) hadronization regime, in particular near a possible critical point and near the chemical freeze-out. Net-protons and net-kaons have been used as proxies for the net-baryon number and net-strangeness, respectively. We report the measurement of efficiency- and centrality-bin width-corrected cumulant ratios (C2/C1, C3/C2) of net-Λ distributions, in the context of both strangeness and baryon number conservation, as a function of collision energy, centrality, and rapidity. The results are for Au+Au collisions at five beam energies (sNN=19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV) recorded with the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR). We compare our results to the Poisson and negative binomial (NBD) expectations, as well as to ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) and hadron resonance gas (HRG) model predictions. Both NBD and Poisson baselines agree with data within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. UrQMD describes the measured net-ΛC1 and C3 at 200 GeV reasonably well but deviates from C2, and the deviation increases as a function of collision energy. The ratios of the measured cumulants show no features of critical fluctuations. The chemical freeze-out temperatures extracted from a recent HRG calculation, which was successfully used to describe the net-proton, net-kaon, and net-charge data, indicate Λ freeze-out conditions similar to those of kaons. However, large deviations are found when comparing with temperatures obtained from net-proton fluctuations. The net-Λ cumulants show a weak but finite dependence on the rapidity coverage in the acceptance of the detector, which can be attributed to quantum number conservation.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s4738wxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3s4738wx/qt3s4738wx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.024903articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 2024903oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt79f5x4p52026-09-17T16:01:19Zqt79f5x4p5Strange hadron production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-09-01We present STAR measurements of strange hadron (KS0, Λ, Λ¯, Ξ−, Ξ¯+, Ω−, Ω¯+, and ϕ) production at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 7.7–39 GeV from the Beam Energy Scan Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Transverse-momentum spectra, averaged transverse mass, and the overall integrated yields of these strange hadrons are presented versus the centrality and collision energy. Antibaryon-to-baryon ratios (Λ¯/Λ, Ξ¯+/Ξ−, Ω¯+/Ω−) are presented as well and used to test a thermal statistical model and to extract the temperature normalized strangeness and baryon chemical potentials at hadronic freeze-out (μB/Tch and μS/Tch) in central collisions. Strange baryon-to-pion ratios are compared to various model predictions in central collisions for all energies. The nuclear modification factors (RCP) and antibaryon-to-meson ratios as a function of transverse momentum are presented for all collision energies. The KS0 RCP shows no suppression for pT up to 3.5 GeV/c at energies of 7.7 and 11.5 GeV. The Λ¯/KS0 ratio also shows baryon-to-meson enhancement at intermediate pT (≈2.5 GeV/c) in central collisions at energies above 19.6 GeV. Both observations suggest that there is likely a change of the underlying strange quark dynamics at collision energies below 19.6 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/79f5x4p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt79f5x4p5/qt79f5x4p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.034909articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 3034909oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9cs4v9h92026-09-17T16:01:12Zqt9cs4v9h9Charge-dependent pair correlations relative to a third particle in p + Au and d + Au collisions at RHICCollaboration, STARAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SL2019-11-01Quark interactions with topological gluon configurations can induce chirality imbalance and local parity violation in quantum chromodynamics. This can lead to electric charge separation along the strong magnetic field in relativistic heavy-ion collisions – the chiral magnetic effect (CME). We report measurements by the STAR collaboration of a CME-sensitive observable in p + Au and d + Au collisions at 200 GeV, where the CME is not expected, using charge-dependent pair correlations relative to a third particle. We observe strong charge-dependent correlations similar to those measured in heavy-ion collisions. This bears important implications for the interpretation of the heavy-ion data.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cs4v9h9https://escholarship.org/content/qt9cs4v9h9/qt9cs4v9h9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134975articlePhysics Letters B, vol 798134975oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0tb5s2c72026-09-17T16:01:06Zqt0tb5s2c7Measurements of the transverse-momentum-dependent cross sections of J/ψ production at mid-rapidity in proton+proton collisions at s=510 and 500 GeV with the STAR detectorAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-09-01We present measurements of the differential cross sections of inclusive J/ψ meson production as a function of transverse momentum (pTJ/ψ) using the μ+μ- and e+e- decay channels in proton+proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 510 and 500 GeV, respectively, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measurement from the μ+μ- channel is for 05106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tb5s2c7https://escholarship.org/content/qt0tb5s2c7/qt0tb5s2c7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.100.052009articlePhysical Review D, vol 100, iss 5052009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt03s1k2wx2026-09-17T16:01:00Zqt03s1k2wxMeasurement of the longitudinal spin asymmetries for weak boson production in proton-proton collisions at s=510 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, Y2019-03-01We report new STAR measurements of the single-spin asymmetries AL for W+ and W- bosons produced in polarized proton-proton collisions at s=510 GeV as a function of the decay-positron and decay-electron pseudorapidity. The data were obtained in 2013 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 250 pb-1. The results are combined with previous results obtained with 86 pb-1. A comparison with theoretical expectations based on polarized lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering and prior polarized proton-proton data suggests a difference between the u¯ and d¯ quark helicity distributions for 0.055106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/03s1k2wxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt03s1k2wx/qt03s1k2wx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.99.051102articlePhysical Review D, vol 99, iss 5051102oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qz0x8x12026-09-17T16:00:45Zqt7qz0x8x1Constraining the initial conditions and temperature dependent viscosity with three-particle correlations in Au+Au collisionsAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2019-03-01We present three-particle mixed-harmonic correlations 〈 cos ( m ϕ a + n ϕ b − ( m + n ) ϕ c ) 〉 for harmonics m , n = 1 − 3 for charged particles in s N N = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. These measurements provide information on the three-dimensional structure of the initial collision zone and are important for constraining models of a subsequent low-viscosity quark–gluon plasma expansion phase. We investigate correlations between the first, second and third harmonics predicted as a consequence of fluctuations in the initial state. The dependence of the correlations on the pseudorapidity separation between particles show hints of a breaking of longitudinal invariance. We compare our results to a number of state-of-the art hydrodynamic calculations with different initial states and temperature dependent viscosities. These measurements provide important steps towards constraining the temperature dependent viscosity and longitudinal structure of the initial state at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qz0x8x1https://escholarship.org/content/qt7qz0x8x1/qt7qz0x8x1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.075articlePhysics Letters B, vol 79081 - 88oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2z34081k2026-09-17T16:00:35Zqt2z34081kCollision energy dependence of moments of net-kaon multiplicity distributions at RHICAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, A2018-10-01Fluctuations of conserved quantities such as baryon number, charge, and strangeness are sensitive to the correlation length of the hot and dense matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and can be used to search for the QCD critical point. We report the first measurements of the moments of net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 7.7 , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV. The collision centrality and energy dependence of the mean (M), variance ( σ 2 ), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) for net-kaon multiplicity distributions as well as the ratio σ 2 / M and the products Sσ and κ σ 2 are presented. Comparisons are made with Poisson and negative binomial baseline calculations as well as with UrQMD, a transport model (UrQMD) that does not include effects from the QCD critical point. Within current uncertainties, the net-kaon cumulant ratios appear to be monotonic as a function of collision energy.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z34081khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2z34081k/qt2z34081k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.07.066articlePhysics Letters B, vol 785551 - 560oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4tf274b42026-09-17T16:00:11Zqt4tf274b4Evaluation of forest canopy models for estimating isoprene emissionsLamb, BrianPierce, ThomasBaldocchi, DennisAllwine, EugeneDilts, SteveWestberg, HalGeron, ChristopherGuenther, AlexKlinger, LeeHarley, PeterZimmerman, Pat1996-10-20During the summer of 1992, isoprene emissions were measured in a mixed deciduous forest near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Measurements were aimed at the experimental scale‐up of emissions from the leaf level to the forest canopy to the mixed layer. Results from the scale‐up study are compared to different canopy models for determining the leaf microclimate as input to isoprene emission algorithms. These include (1) no canopy effects, (2) a simple vertical scaling canopy model with a leaf energy balance, and (3) a numerical canopy model which accounts for leaf‐sun geometries, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and gas transport in the canopy. Initial evaluation of the models was based upon a standard emission rate factor of 90 μgC g −1 hr −1 (0.42 nmol g −1 s −1 ) taken from leaf cuvette measurements and a biomass density factor of 203 g m −2 taken from biomass surveys and a flux footprint analysis. The results indicated that predicted fluxes were consistent among the models to within approximately ±20%, but that the models overestimated the mean flux by about a factor of 2 and overestimated the maximum observed flux by 30 to 50%. Adjusting the standard emission factor and biomass density each downward by 20% yielded predicted means approximately 20% greater than the observed means and predicted maxima approximately 25% less than the observed maxima. Accounting for changes in biomass density as a function of direction upwind of the tower improved the overall model performance.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tf274b4https://escholarship.org/content/qt4tf274b4/qt4tf274b4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/96jd00056articleJournal of Geophysical Research, vol 101, iss D1722787 - 22797oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hn3n2ff2026-09-17T15:59:30Zqt9hn3n2ffGateways and Pathways in Civil ProcedureSchwartz, Joanna2013-07-01Over the past thirty years, the United States Supreme Court and the Judicial Conference have modified the Rules of Civil Procedure to address concerns that litigation costs too much, takes too long, and leads to unjust results. The Supreme Court’s opinions have focused primarily on fortifying what I refer to as the “gateways” of civil procedure – including motions to dismiss, for class certification, and for summary judgment – where judges can dismiss cases that do not meet the applicable standards, thereby eliminating additional cost and delay. The Judicial Conference, in contrast, has focused primarily on regulating what I call the “pathways” – non-dispositive, context-specific decisions during discovery and before trial – to target problems of cost and delay while allowing the case to proceed. Scholars have exhaustively dissected and debated these gateway and path-way changes but have paid less attention to what these conversations – and the underlying rules – share in common. This Article offers a unified framework with which to understand the Rules’ two contrasting strategies to achieve just and efficient outcomes and examines available evidence measuring their relative effectiveness at achieving their shared goals. Stepping back, the Article asks how best to understand the roles of gate-ways and pathways in civil process and the sensibility of proposals for re-form.civil procedurepleadingsummary judgmentclass action certificationcivil procedure rulemakingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hn3n2ffhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9hn3n2ff/qt9hn3n2ff.pdfarticle60 UCLA Law Review 1652 (2013)oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5jw9k6g12026-09-17T15:57:14Zqt5jw9k6g1Implications of LHCb measurements and future prospectsThe LHCb CollaborationBharucha, ABigi, IIBobeth, CBobrowski, MBrod, JBuras, AJDavies, CTHDatta, ADelaunay, CDescotes-Genon, SEllis, JFeldmann, TFleischer, RGedalia, OGirrbach, JGuadagnoli, DHiller, GHochberg, YHurth, TIsidori, GJäger, SJung, MKagan, AKamenik, JFLenz, ALigeti, ZLondon, DMahmoudi, FMatias, JNandi, SNir, YParadisi, PPerez, GPetrov, AARattazzi, RSharpe, SRSilvestrini, LSoni, AStraub, DMvan Dyk, DVirto, JWang, Y-MWeiler, AZupan, JAaij, RAbellan Beteta, CAdametz, AAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAdrover, CAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GAlvarez Cartelle, PAlves, AAAmato, SAmhis, YAnderlini, LAnderson, JAndreassen, RAnelli, MAppleby, RBAquines Gutierrez, OArchilli, FArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBachmann, SBack, JJBaesso, CBaldini, WBand, HBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBates, ABauer, ThBay, ABeddow, JBediaga, IBeigbeder-Beau, CBelogurov, SBelous, KBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBenayoun, MBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernard, FBernet, RBettler, M-O2013-04-01During 2011 the LHCb experiment at CERN collected 1.0 fb−1 of $$\sqrt{s} = 7\mbox{~TeV}$$pp collisions. Due to the large heavy quark production cross-sections, these data provide unprecedented samples of heavy flavoured hadrons. The first results from LHCb have made a significant impact on the flavour physics landscape and have definitively proved the concept of a dedicated experiment in the forward region at a hadron collider. This document discusses the implications of these first measurements on classes of extensions to the Standard Model, bearing in mind the interplay with the results of searches for on-shell production of new particles at ATLAS and CMS. The physics potential of an upgrade to the LHCb detector, which would allow an order of magnitude more data to be collected, is emphasised.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exhep-ph0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jw9k6g1https://escholarship.org/content/qt5jw9k6g1/qt5jw9k6g1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2373-2articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 73, iss 42373oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8mh008xg2026-09-17T15:56:49Zqt8mh008xgGenetic architecture of resilience of executive functioningMukherjee, ShubhabrataKim, SungeunGibbons, Laura ENho, KwangsikRisacher, Shannon LGlymour, M MariaHabeck, ChristianLee, Grace JMormino, ElizabethErtekin-Taner, NilüferMontine, Thomas JDeCarli, CharlesSaykin, Andrew JCrane, Paul Kfor the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative2012-12-01The genetic basis of resilience, defined as better cognitive functioning than predicted based on neuroimaging or neuropathology, is not well understood. Our objective was to identify genetic variation associated with executive functioning resilience. We computed residuals from regression models of executive functioning, adjusting for age, sex, education, Hachinski score, and MRI findings (lacunes, cortical thickness, volumes of white matter hyperintensities and hippocampus). We estimated heritability and analyzed these residuals in models for each SNP. We further evaluated our most promising SNP result by evaluating cis-associations with brain levels of nearby (±100 kb) genes from a companion data set, and comparing expression levels in cortex and cerebellum from decedents with AD with those from other non-AD diseases. Complete data were available for 750 ADNI participants of European descent. Executive functioning resilience was highly heritable (H2 = 0.76; S.E. = 0.44). rs3748348 on chromosome 14 in the region of RNASE13 was associated with executive functioning resilience (p-value = 4.31 × 10-7). rs3748348 is in strong linkage disequilibrium (D′ of 1.00 and 0.96) with SNPs that map to TPPP2, a member of the α-synuclein family of proteins. We identified nominally significant associations between rs3748348 and expression levels of three genes (FLJ10357, RNASE2, and NDRG2). The strongest association was for FLJ10357 in cortex, which also had the most significant difference in expression between AD and non-AD brains, with greater expression in cortex of decedents with AD (p-value = 7 × 10-7). Further research is warranted to determine whether this signal can be replicated and whether other loci may be associated with cognitive resilience.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Europe (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)ResiliencePsychological (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)MemoryExecutive functioningAlzheimer's diseasePsychometricsResilienceGWASAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeHumans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Europe (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)ResiliencePsychological (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Europe (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)ResiliencePsychological (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Experimental Psychology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mh008xghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8mh008xg/qt8mh008xg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s11682-012-9184-1articleBrain Imaging and Behavior, vol 6, iss 4621 - 633oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2075s6952026-09-17T15:56:44Zqt2075s695Voxel and surface-based topography of memory and executive deficits in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s diseaseNho, KwangsikRisacher, Shannon LCrane, Paul KDeCarli, CharlesGlymour, M MariaHabeck, ChristianKim, SungeunLee, Grace JMormino, ElizabethMukherjee, ShubhabrataShen, LiWest, John DSaykin, Andrew JAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)2012-12-01Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with a progressive loss of cognitive abilities. In the present report, we assessed the relationship of memory and executive function with brain structure in a sample of 810 Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants, including 188 AD, 396 MCI, and 226 healthy older adults (HC). Composite scores of memory (ADNI-Mem) and executive function (ADNI-Exec) were generated by applying modern psychometric theory to item-level data from ADNI’s neuropsychological battery. We performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based association (SurfStat) analyses to evaluate relationships of ADNI-Mem and ADNI-Exec with grey matter (GM) density and cortical thickness across the whole brain in the combined sample and within diagnostic groups. We observed strong associations between ADNI-Mem and medial and lateral temporal lobe atrophy. Lower ADNI-Exec scores were associated with advanced GM and cortical atrophy across broadly distributed regions, most impressively in the bilateral parietal and temporal lobes. We also evaluated ADNI-Exec adjusted for ADNI-Mem, and found associations with GM density and cortical thickness primarily in the bilateral parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes. Within-group analyses suggest these associations are strongest in patients with MCI and AD. The present study provides insight into the spatially unbiased associations between brain atrophy and memory and executive function, and underscores the importance of structural brain changes in early cognitive decline.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Mental health (hrcs-hc)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Aged (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Brain (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)ImagingThree-Dimensional (mesh)Male (mesh)Nerve Net (mesh)Neural Pathways (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Sensitivity and Specificity (mesh)Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)Surface-based analysisMemoryExecutive functionAlzheimer's diseaseMild cognitive impairmentAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative--ADNIBrain (mesh)Nerve Net (mesh)Neural Pathways (mesh)Humans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)ImagingThree-Dimensional (mesh)Sensitivity and Specificity (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Aged (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Brain (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)ImagingThree-Dimensional (mesh)Male (mesh)Nerve Net (mesh)Neural Pathways (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Sensitivity and Specificity (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Experimental Psychology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2075s695https://escholarship.org/content/qt2075s695/qt2075s695.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s11682-012-9203-2articleBrain Imaging and Behavior, vol 6, iss 4551 - 567oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0pf280rc2026-09-17T15:56:39Zqt0pf280rcRelationship between baseline brain metabolism measured using [18F]FDG PET and memory and executive function in prodromal and early Alzheimer’s diseaseHabeck, ChristianRisacher, ShannonLee, Grace JGlymour, M MariaMormino, ElizabethMukherjee, ShubhabrataKim, SungeunNho, KwangsikDeCarli, CharlesSaykin, Andrew JCrane, Paul Kfor the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative2012-12-01Differences in brain metabolism as measured by FDG-PET in prodromal and early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been consistently observed, with a characteristic parietotemporal hypometabolic pattern. However, exploration of brain metabolic correlates of more nuanced measures of cognitive function has been rare, particularly in larger samples. We analyzed the relationship between resting brain metabolism and memory and executive functioning within diagnostic group on a voxel-wise basis in 86 people with AD, 185 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 86 healthy controls (HC) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We found positive associations within AD and MCI but not in HC. For MCI and AD, impaired executive functioning was associated with reduced parietotemporal metabolism, suggesting a pattern consistent with known AD-related hypometabolism. These associations suggest that decreased metabolic activity in the parietal and temporal lobes may underlie the executive function deficits in AD and MCI. For memory, hypometabolism in similar regions of the parietal and temporal lobes were significantly associated with reduced performance in the MCI group. However, for the AD group, memory performance was significantly associated with metabolism in frontal and orbitofrontal areas, suggesting the possibility of compensatory metabolic activity in these areas. Overall, the associations between brain metabolism and cognition in this study suggest the importance of parietal and temporal lobar regions in memory and executive function in the early stages of disease and an increased importance of frontal regions for memory with increasing impairment.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Mental health (hrcs-hc)Aged (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Brain (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Early Diagnosis (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Memory (mesh)Memory Disorders (mesh)Positron-Emission Tomography (mesh)Prodromal Symptoms (mesh)Radiopharmaceuticals (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Sensitivity and Specificity (mesh)Statistics as Topic (mesh)Tissue Distribution (mesh)Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)Alzheimer's disease (AD)FDG PETMemoryExecutive functionAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeBrain (mesh)Humans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Memory Disorders (mesh)Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (mesh)Radiopharmaceuticals (mesh)Positron-Emission Tomography (mesh)Early Diagnosis (mesh)Sensitivity and Specificity (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Memory (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Tissue Distribution (mesh)Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Statistics as Topic (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Prodromal Symptoms (mesh)Aged (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Brain (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Early Diagnosis (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Memory (mesh)Memory Disorders (mesh)Positron-Emission Tomography (mesh)Prodromal Symptoms (mesh)Radiopharmaceuticals (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Sensitivity and Specificity (mesh)Statistics as Topic (mesh)Tissue Distribution (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Experimental Psychology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pf280rchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0pf280rc/qt0pf280rc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s11682-012-9208-xarticleBrain Imaging and Behavior, vol 6, iss 4568 - 583oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt85n226472026-09-17T15:56:34Zqt85n22647Gene-based GWAS and biological pathway analysis of the resilience of executive functioningMukherjee, ShubhabrataKim, SungeunRamanan, Vijay KGibbons, Laura ENho, KwangsikGlymour, M MariaErtekin-Taner, NilüferMontine, Thomas JSaykin, Andrew JCrane, Paul Kfor the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative2014-03-01Resilience in executive functioning (EF) is characterized by high EF measured by neuropsychological test performance despite structural brain damage from neurodegenerative conditions. We previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genome-wide association study (GWAS) results for EF resilience. Here, we report gene- and pathway-based analyses of the same resilience phenotype, using an optimal SNP-set (Sequence) Kernel Association Test (SKAT) for gene-based analyses (conservative threshold for genome-wide significance = 0.05/18,123 = 2.8 × 10−6) and the gene-set enrichment package GSA-SNP for biological pathway analyses (False discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Gene-based analyses found a genome-wide significant association between RNASE13 and EF resilience (p = 1.33 × 10−7). Genetic pathways involved with dendritic/neuron spine, presynaptic membrane, postsynaptic density, etc., were enriched with association to EF resilience. Although replication of these results is necessary, our findings indicate the potential value of gene- and pathway-based analyses in research on determinants of cognitive resilience.4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Genotyping Techniques (mesh)Humans (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Male (mesh)Memory (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Psychometrics (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)MemoryExecutive functioningAlzheimer's diseaseGenesResiliencePathwaysAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeHumans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Memory (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Psychometrics (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Genotyping Techniques (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)Executive Function (mesh)Female (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Genotyping Techniques (mesh)Humans (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Male (mesh)Memory (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Psychometrics (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Experimental Psychology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/85n22647https://escholarship.org/content/qt85n22647/qt85n22647.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s11682-013-9259-7articleBrain Imaging and Behavior, vol 8, iss 1110 - 118oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt77n232362026-09-17T15:52:44Zqt77n23236An accurate and efficient laser-envelope solver for the modeling of laser-plasma acceleratorsBenedetti, CSchroeder, CBGeddes, CGREsarey, ELeemans, WP2018-01-01Detailed and reliable numerical modeling of laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs), where a short and intense laser pulse interacts with an underdense plasma over distances of up to a meter, is a formidably challenging task. This is due to the great disparity among the length scales involved in the modeling, ranging from the micron scale of the laser wavelength to the meter scale of the total laser-plasma interaction length. The use of the time-averaged ponderomotive force approximation, where the laser pulse is described by means of its envelope, enables efficient modeling of LPAs by removing the need to model the details of electron motion at the laser wavelength scale. Furthermore, it allows simulations in cylindrical geometry which captures relevant 3D physics at 2D computational cost. A key element of any code based on the time-averaged ponderomotive force approximation is the laser envelope solver. In this paper we present the accurate and efficient envelope solver used in the code INF&RNO (INtegrated Fluid & paRticle simulatioN cOde). The features of the INF&RNO laser solver enable an accurate description of the laser pulse evolution deep into depletion even at a reasonably low resolution, resulting in significant computational speed-ups.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)numerical modelinglaser-plasma interactionlaser propagation in plasmalaser-plasma accelerator0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/77n23236https://escholarship.org/content/qt77n23236/qt77n23236.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6587/aa8977articlePlasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol 60, iss 1014002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt90f1b4x42026-09-17T15:52:38Zqt90f1b4x4Impacts of elevated dissolved CO2 on a shallow groundwater system: Reactive transport modeling of a controlled-release field testZheng, LiangeSpycher, NicolasBianchi, MarcoPugh, John DVaradharajan, CharulekaTinnacher, Ruth MBirkholzer, Jens TNico, PeterTrautz, Robert C2016-12-01One of the risks that CO2 geological sequestration imposes on the environment is the impact of potential CO2/brine leakage on shallow groundwater. The reliability of reactive transport models predicting the response of groundwater to CO2 leakage depends on a thorough understanding of the relevant chemical processes and key parameters affecting dissolved CO2 transport and reaction. Such understanding can be provided by targeted field tests integrated with reactive transport modeling. A controlled-release field experiment was conducted in Mississippi to study the CO2-induced geochemical changes in a shallow sandy aquifer at about 50m depth. The field test involved a dipole system in which the groundwater was pumped from one well, saturated with CO2 at the pressure corresponding to the hydraulic pressure of the aquifer, and then re-injected into the same aquifer using a second well. Groundwater samples were collected for chemical analyses from four monitoring wells before, during and after the dissolved CO2 was injected. In this paper, we present reactive transport models used to interpret the observed changes in metal concentrations in these groundwater samples. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured concentrations indicates that the chemical response in the aquifer can be interpreted using a conceptual model that encompasses two main features: (a) a fast-reacting but limited pool of reactive minerals that responds quickly to changes in pH and causes a pulse-like concentration change, and (b) a slow-reacting but essentially unlimited mineral pool that yields rising metal concentrations upon decreased groundwater velocities after pumping and injection stopped. During the injection, calcite dissolution and Ca-driven cation exchange reactions contribute to a sharp pulse in concentrations of Ca, Ba, Mg, Mn, K, Li, Na and Sr, whereas desorption reactions control a similar increase in Fe concentrations. After the injection and pumping stops and the groundwater flow rate decreases, the dissolution of relatively slow reacting minerals such as plagioclase drives the rising concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth metals observed at later stages of the test, whereas the dissolution of amorphous iron sulfide causes slowly increasing Fe concentrations.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)0402 Geochemistry (for)0403 Geology (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)Geochemistry & Geophysics (science-metrix)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/90f1b4x4https://escholarship.org/content/qt90f1b4x4/qt90f1b4x4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.10.027articleChemical Geology, vol 447117 - 132oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8bw3z5fb2026-09-17T15:52:18Zqt8bw3z5fbSpatial heterogeneity of fine root biomass and soil carbon in a California oak savanna illuminates plant functional strategy across periods of high and low resource supplyKoteen, Laura ERaz‐Yaseef, NaamaBaldocchi, Dennis D2015-03-01Abstract We sampled isolated trees and tree clusters from a blue oak, Quercus douglasii, savanna to determine the spatial heterogeneity of fine root biomass and soil carbon across the landscape as a function of tree size and configuration. We aimed to understand how fine root structure enables sustained ecosystem metabolism through a summer of limited moisture and high heat and facilitates resource acquisition during the short period of high resource supply. An additional goal was to provide a basis for upscaling root biomass and soil carbon to the landscape scale. We sampled trees of different size and tree clusters via a stratified sampling scheme that accounted for spatial heterogeneity in root biomass and soil carbon with lateral distance from the tree bole, or cluster centre, and soil depth. We upscaled these estimates using site‐specific information from a lidar survey. We found that fine roots and soil carbon are spatially heterogeneous in their landscape distribution and greatly increase with tree size. We also found that Q. douglasii possesses a dimorphic fine root architecture, uniquely suited to the region's climatic constraints and exhibits morphological plasticity among trees of different size and physical setting. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3007 Forestry Sciences (for-2020)fine root biomassQuercus douglasiioak savannasoil carbonspatial heterogeneityprecipitation changeupscaling05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)30 Agriculturalveterinary and food sciences (for-2020)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bw3z5fbinfo:doi/10.1002/eco.1508articleEcohydrology, vol 8, iss 2294 - 308oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3hr2n4km2026-09-17T15:49:33Zqt3hr2n4kmHow Governments Pay: Lawsuits, Budgets, and Police ReformSchwartz, Joanna2015-07-01For decades, scholars have debated the extent to which financial sanctions cause government officials to improve their conduct. Yet little attention has been paid to a foundational empirical question underlying these debates: When a plaintiff recovers in a damages action against the government, who foots the bill? In prior work, I found that individual police officers virtually never pay anything toward settlements and judgments entered against them. But this finding prompts another question: Where does the money come from, if not from individual officers? The dominant view among those who have considered this question is that settlements and judgments are usually paid from jurisdictions’ general funds with no financial impact on the involved law enforcement agencies, and some have suggested that agencies would have stronger incentives to improve behavior were they required to pay settlements and judgments from their budgets. But, beyond anecdotal information about the practices in a few large agencies, there has been no empirical inquiry into the source of funds used by governments to satisfy suits involving the police.In this Article, I report the results of the first nationwide study to examine how cities, counties, and states budget for and pay settlements and judgments in cases against law enforcement. Through public records requests, interviews, and other sources, I have collected information about litigation budgeting practices in one hundred jurisdictions across the country. Based on the practices in these one hundred jurisdictions, I make two key findings. First, settlements and judgments are not always — or even usually — paid from jurisdictions’ general funds; instead, cities, counties, and states use a wide range of budgetary arrangements to satisfy their legal liabilities. All told, half of the law enforcement agencies in my study financially contribute in some manner to the satisfaction of lawsuits brought against them.Second, having a department pay money out of its budget toward settlements and judgments is neither necessary nor sufficient to impose a financial burden on that department. Some law enforcement agencies pay millions from their budgets each year toward settlements and judgments, but the particularities of their jurisdictions’ budgeting arrangements lessen or eliminate altogether the financial impact of these payments on these agencies. On the other hand, smaller agencies that pay nothing from their budgets toward lawsuits may nevertheless have their very existence threatened if liability insurers raise premiums or terminate coverage in response to large payouts.These findings should expand courts’ and scholars’ understandings of the impact of lawsuits on police reform efforts, inspire experimentation with budgeting arrangements that encourage more caretaking and accountability by law enforcement, and draw attention to the positive role government insurers can and do play in efforts to promote risk management and accountability in policing.civil rights litigationpolice misconductdeterrencelitigation costsliabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hr2n4kmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3hr2n4km/qt3hr2n4km.pdfarticle63 UCLA L. Rev. 1144 (2016)oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3hp329bp2026-09-17T15:39:14Zqt3hp329bpMeasurement of the Critical Ionization Level for Resist Polymer Dissolution Using a Polypeptoid PlatformPaing, AungAdams, Cameron PZhao, KevinDilworth, Braeden TSegalman, Rachel AOh, DahyunHoule, Frances A2026-06-23Reactive dissolution of a photoresist polymer in aqueous base to form a processable image is an important step in building patterns on semiconductor chips. The critical ionization (CI) theory states that a specific minimum fraction, the CI level, of the ionizable moieties in the exposed polymer is required for the chain to become soluble. This fraction’s value strongly influences pattern quality but has only been estimated in prior studies. Here, the CI level of a specific polymer platform has been measured to be 20% using a family of polypeptoids. This platform has controlled chain length, ionizable monomer content, and chain end groups. Using reaction-diffusion chemical kinetics modeling, we show that polypeptoids dissolution above the CI level is consistent with theory. At the CI level, qualitatively different gelation-dissolution behavior occurs compared to levels above it. The methodology used in this work is broadly applicable to understanding fundamental aspects of reactive dissolution.3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Polymers (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hp329bphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3hp329bp/qt3hp329bp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.6c00755articleMacromolecules, vol 59, iss 126729 - 6738oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8738c3w22026-09-17T15:38:34Zqt8738c3w2Λc+ production in pp collisions at s=7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVThe ALICE collaborationAcharya, SAcosta, FTAdamová, DAdolfsson, JAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAiola, SAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAlam, SNAlbuquerque, DSDAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, YAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltenkamper, LAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, DAndrews, HAAndronic, AAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAnson, CAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArnold, OWArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBatyunya, BBatzing, PCBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, IRBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, ABianchi, LBianchi, NBianchin, CBielčík, J2018-04-01The pT-differential production cross section of prompt Λc+ charmed baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in pp collisions at s=7$$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ TeV at midrapidity. The Λc+ and Λ¯c¯$$ {\overline{\varLambda}}_{\overline{\mathrm{c}}} $$ were reconstructed in the hadronic decay modes Λc+ → pK−π+, Λc+ → pKS0 and in the semileptonic channel Λc+ → e+νeΛ (and charge conjugates). The measured values of the Λc+/D0 ratio, which is sensitive to the c-quark hadronisation mechanism, and in particular to the production of baryons, are presented and are larger than those measured previously in different colliding systems, centre-of-mass energies, rapidity and pT intervals, where the Λc+ production process may differ. The results are compared with the expectations obtained from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculations and Monte Carlo event generators. Neither perturbative QCD calculations nor Monte Carlo models reproduce the data, indicating that the fragmentation of heavy-flavour baryons is not well understood. The first measurement at the LHC of the Λc+ nuclear modification factor, RpPb, is also presented. The RpPb is found to be consistent with unity and with that of D mesons within the uncertainties, and consistent with a theoretical calculation that includes cold nuclear matter effects and a calculation that includes charm quark interactions with a deconfined medium.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Heavy Ion ExperimentsQuark gluon plasma0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8738c3w2https://escholarship.org/content/qt8738c3w2/qt8738c3w2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep04(2018)108articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 4108oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9d44308w2026-09-17T15:38:22Zqt9d44308wQuantifying the effects of multiple land management practices, land cover change, and wildfire on the California landscape carbon budget with an empirical modelDi Vittorio, Alan VSimmonds, Maegen BNico, PeterSihi, Debjani2021-05-07The effectiveness of land-based climate mitigation strategies is generally estimated on a case-by-case basis without considering interactions with other strategies or influencing factors. Here we evaluate a new, comprehensive approach that incorporates interactions among multiple management strategies, land use/cover change, wildfire, and climate, although the potential effects of climate change are not evaluated in this study. The California natural and working lands carbon and greenhouse gas model (CALAND) indicates that summing individual practice estimates of greenhouse gas impacts may underestimate emission reduction benefits in comparison with an integrated estimate. Annual per-area estimates of the potential impact of specific management practices on landscape emissions can vary based on the estimation period, which can be problematic for extrapolating such estimates over space and time. Furthermore, the actual area of implementation is a primary factor in determining potential impacts of management on landscape emissions. Nonetheless, less intensive forest management, avoided conversion to urban land, and urban forest expansion generally create the largest annual per-area reductions, while meadow restoration and forest fuel reduction and harvest practices generally create the largest increases with respect to no management. CALAND also shows that data uncertainty is too high to determine whether California land is a source or a sink of carbon emissions, but that estimating effects of management with respect to a baseline provides valid results. Important sources of this uncertainty are initial carbon density, net ecosystem carbon accumulation rates, and land use/cover change data. The appropriate choice of baseline is critical for generating valid results.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)4102 Ecological Applications (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)3007 Forestry Sciences (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)Agriculture (mesh)California (mesh)Carbon Sequestration (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Conservation of Natural Resources (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Wildfires (mesh)Conservation of Natural Resources (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Agriculture (mesh)California (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Carbon Sequestration (mesh)Wildfires (mesh)Agriculture (mesh)California (mesh)Carbon Sequestration (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Conservation of Natural Resources (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Wildfires (mesh)EGD-Carbon Removal and Mineralization (c-lbnl-label)CESD-Nature-Based Carbon Reduction (c-lbnl-label)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d44308whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9d44308w/qt9d44308w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0251346articlePLOS ONE, vol 16, iss 5e0251346oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5q34f32q2026-09-17T15:36:06Zqt5q34f32qDisappearance of partonic collectivity in s NN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHICCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, W2022-04-01We report on the measurements of directed flow v 1 and elliptic flow v 2 for hadrons ( π ± , K ± , K S 0 , p, ϕ, Λ and Ξ − ) from Au+Au collisions at s N N = 3 GeV and v 2 for ( π ± , K ± , p and p ‾ ) at 27 and 54.4GeV with the STAR experiment. While at the two higher energy midcentral collisions the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling holds, at 3GeV the v 2 at midrapidity is negative for all hadrons and the NCQ scaling is absent. In addition, the v 1 slopes at midrapidity for almost all observed hadrons are found to be positive, implying dominant repulsive baryonic interactions. The features of negative v 2 and positive v 1 slope at 3GeV can be reproduced with a baryonic mean-field in transport model calculations. These results imply that the medium in such collisions is likely characterized by baryonic interactions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q34f32qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5q34f32q/qt5q34f32q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137003articlePhysics Letters B, vol 827137003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3tr0t9cz2026-09-17T15:35:59Zqt3tr0t9czDifferential measurements of jet substructure and partonic energy loss in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, A2022-04-01The STAR collaboration presents jet substructure measurements related to both the momentum fraction and the opening angle within jets in p+p and Au+Au collisions at sNN =200GeV. The substructure observables include SoftDrop groomed momentum fraction (zg), groomed jet radius (Rg), and subjet momentum fraction (zSJ) and opening angle (θSJ). The latter observable is introduced for the first time. Fully corrected subjet measurements are presented for p+p collisions and are compared to leading-order Monte Carlo models. The subjet θSJ distributions reflect the jets leading opening angle and are utilized as a proxy for the resolution scale of the medium in Au+Au collisions. We compare data from Au+Au collisions to those from p+p which are embedded in minimum-bias Au+Au events in order to include the effects of detector smearing and the heavy-ion collision underlying event. The subjet observables are shown to be more robust to the background than zg and Rg. We observe no significant modifications of the subjet observables within the two highest-energy, back-to-back jets, resulting in a distribution of opening angles and the splittings that are vacuumlike. We also report measurements of the differential dijet momentum imbalance (AJ) for jets of varying θSJ. We find no qualitative differences in energy loss signatures for varying angular scales in the range 0.1< θSJ<0.3, leading to the possible interpretation that energy loss in this population of high-momentum dijet pairs, is due to soft medium-induced gluon radiation from a single color charge as it traverses the medium.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tr0t9czhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3tr0t9cz/qt3tr0t9cz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.105.044906articlePhysical Review C, vol 105, iss 4044906oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt61g558fc2026-09-17T15:35:53Zqt61g558fcMeasurement of cold nuclear matter effects for inclusive J/ψ in p+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeVCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AI2022-02-01Measurement by the STAR experiment at RHIC of the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects experienced by inclusive J / ψ at mid-rapidity in 0-100% p+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV is presented. Such effects are quantified utilizing the nuclear modification factor, R p Au , obtained by taking a ratio of J / ψ yield in p+Au collisions to that in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The differential J / ψ yield in both p+p and p+Au collisions is measured through the dimuon decay channel, taking advantage of the trigger capability provided by the Muon Telescope Detector in the RHIC 2015 run. Consequently, the J / ψ R p Au is derived within the transverse momentum ( p T ) range of 0 to 10 GeV/c. A suppression of approximately 30% is observed for p T < 2 GeV/c, while J / ψ R p Au becomes compatible with unity for p T greater than 3 GeV/c, indicating the J / ψ yield is minimally affected by the CNM effects at high p T . Comparison to a similar measurement from 0-20% central Au+Au collisions reveals that the observed strong J / ψ suppression above 3 GeV/c is mostly due to the hot medium effects, providing strong evidence for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in these collisions. Several model calculations show qualitative agreement with the measured J / ψ R p Au , while their agreement with the J / ψ yields in p+p and p+Au collisions is worse.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)RHICCold nuclear matter effectsJ/psi suppressionNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/61g558fchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt61g558fc/qt61g558fc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136865articlePhysics Letters B, vol 825136865oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6n67b95b2026-09-17T15:35:47Zqt6n67b95bInvariant jet mass measurements in pp collisions at s=200 GeV at RHICAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, S2021-09-01We present the first inclusive measurements of the invariant and softdrop jet mass in proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeV at STAR. The measurements are fully corrected for detector effects, and reported differentially in both the jet transverse momentum and jet radius parameter. We compare the measurements to established leading-order Monte Carlo event generators and find that STAR-tuned pythia-6 reproduces the data, while LHC tunes of pythia-8 and herwig-7 do not agree with the data, providing further constraints on parameter tuning. Finally, we observe that softdrop grooming, for which the contribution of wide-angle nonperturbative radiation is suppressed, shifts the jet mass distributions into closer agreement with the partonic jet mass as determined by both pythia-8 and a next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy perturbative QCD calculation. These measurements complement recent LHC measurements in a different kinematic region, as well as establish a baseline for future jet mass measurements in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n67b95bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6n67b95b/qt6n67b95b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.104.052007articlePhysical Review D, vol 104, iss 5052007oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4g75826k2026-09-17T15:35:40Zqt4g75826kCumulants and correlation functions of net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, S2021-08-01We report a systematic measurement of cumulants, Cn, for net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions, and correlation functions, κn, for proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions up to the fourth order in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4, and 200 GeV. The Cn and κn are presented as a function of collision energy, centrality and kinematic acceptance in rapidity, y, and transverse momentum, pT. The data were taken during the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program (2010–2017) at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity (|y|< 0.5) and transverse momentum 0.45106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g75826khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4g75826k/qt4g75826k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.104.024902articlePhysical Review C, vol 104, iss 2024902oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8n68309q2026-09-17T15:35:31Zqt8n68309qMeasurement of inclusive charged-particle jet production in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZ2020-11-01The STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider reports the first measurement of inclusive jet production in peripheral and central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm using charged tracks with pseudorapidity |η|<1.0 and transverse momentum 0.25106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n68309qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8n68309q/qt8n68309q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.054913articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 5054913oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt07h3g51j2026-09-17T15:35:22Zqt07h3g51jUnderlying event measurements in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV at RHICAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-03-01Particle production sensitive to nonfactorizable and nonperturbative processes that contribute to the underlying event associated with a high transverse momentum (pT) jet in proton+proton collisions at s=200 GeV is studied with the STAR detector. Each event is divided into three regions based on the azimuthal angle with respect to the highest-pT jet direction: in the leading jet direction (“Toward”), opposite to the leading jet (“Away”), and perpendicular to the leading jet (“Transverse”). In the Transverse region, the average charged particle density is found to be between 0.4 and 0.6 and the mean transverse momentum, ⟨pT⟩, between 0.5 and 0.7 GeV/c for particles with pT>0.2 GeV/c at mid-pseudorapidity (|η|<1) and jet pT>15 GeV/c. Both average particle density and ⟨pT⟩ depend weakly on the leading jet pT. Closer inspection of the Transverse region hints that contributions to the underlying event from initial- and final-state radiation are significantly smaller in these collisions than at the higher energies, up to 13 TeV, recorded at the LHC. Underlying event measurements associated with a high-pT jet will contribute to our understanding of QCD processes at hard and soft scales at RHIC energies, as well as provide constraints to modeling of underlying event dynamics.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/07h3g51jhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt07h3g51j/qt07h3g51j.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.101.052004articlePhysical Review D, vol 101, iss 5052004oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28k6h8vs2026-09-17T15:35:15Zqt28k6h8vsMeasurement of D0-meson + hadron two-dimensional angular correlations in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SL2020-07-01Open heavy-flavor hadrons provide unique probes of the medium produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Due to their increased mass relative to light-flavor hadrons, long lifetime, and early production in hard-scattering interactions, they provide access to the full evolution of the partonic medium formed in heavy-ion collisions. This paper reports two-dimensional (2D) angular correlations between neutral D mesons and unidentified charged particles produced in minimum-bias Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV. D0 and D¯0 mesons are reconstructed via their weak decay to K∓π± using the Heavy Flavor Tracker in the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC experiment. Correlations on relative pseudorapidity and azimuth (Δη,Δϕ) are presented for peripheral, midcentral, and central collisions with D0 transverse momentum from 2–10GeV/c. Attention is focused on the 2D peaked correlation structure near the triggered D0 meson, the near-side (NS) peak, which serves as a proxy for a charm-quark-containing jet. The correlated NS yield of charged particles per D0 meson and the 2D widths of the NS peak increase significantly from peripheral to central collisions. These results are compared with similar correlations using unidentified charged particles, consisting primarily of light-flavor hadrons, at similar trigger particle momenta. Similar per-trigger yields and widths of the NS correlation peak are observed. The present results provide additional evidence that D0 mesons undergo significant interactions with the medium formed in heavy-ion collision and show, for the first time, significant centrality evolution of the NS 2D peak in the correlations of particles associated with a heavy-flavor hadron produced in these collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/28k6h8vshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt28k6h8vs/qt28k6h8vs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.014905articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 1014905oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5xm616ms2026-09-17T15:35:08Zqt5xm616msBeam-energy dependence of identified two-particle angular correlations in sNN=7.7–200 GeV Au+Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SL2020-01-01The two-particle angular correlation functions, R2, of pions, kaons, and protons in Au + Au collisions at sNN=7.7,11.5,14.5,19.6,27,39,62.4, and 200 GeV were measured by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These correlations were measured for both like-sign and unlike-sign charge combinations and versus the centrality. The correlations of pions and kaons show the expected near-side (i.e., at small relative angles) peak resulting from short-range mechanisms. The amplitudes of these short-range correlations decrease with increasing beam energy. However, the proton correlation functions exhibit strong anticorrelations in the near-side region. This behavior is observed for the first time in an A+A collision system. The observed anticorrelation is pT independent and decreases with increasing beam energy and centrality. The experimental results are also compared to the Monte Carlo models UrQMD, Hijing, and AMPT.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xm616mshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5xm616ms/qt5xm616ms.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.101.014916articlePhysical Review C, vol 101, iss 1014916oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28s1h72f2026-09-17T15:35:02Zqt28s1h72fMeasurement of inclusive J/ψ suppression in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV through the dimuon channel at STARCollaboration, STARAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SL2019-10-01J / ψ suppression has long been considered a sensitive signature of the formation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this letter, we present the first measurement of inclusive J / ψ production at mid-rapidity through the dimuon decay channel in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment. These measurements became possible after the installation of the Muon Telescope Detector was completed in 2014. The J / ψ yields are measured in a wide transverse momentum ( p T ) range of 0.15 GeV/c to 12 GeV/c from central to peripheral collisions. They extend the kinematic reach of previous measurements at RHIC with improved precision. In the 0-10% most central collisions, the J / ψ yield is suppressed by a factor of approximately 3 for p T > 5 GeV/c relative to that in p + p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The J / ψ nuclear modification factor displays little dependence on p T in all centrality bins. Model calculations can qualitatively describe the data, providing further evidence for the color-screening effect experienced by J / ψ mesons in the QGP.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Quark-gluon plasmaColor-screeningJ/psi suppressionnucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/28s1h72fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt28s1h72f/qt28s1h72f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134917articlePhysics Letters B, vol 797134917oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50t445bn2026-09-17T15:34:56Zqt50t445bnAzimuthal Harmonics in Small and Large Collision Systems at RHIC Top EnergiesAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2019-05-03The first (v_{1}^{fluc}), second (v_{2}), and third (v_{3}) harmonic coefficients of the azimuthal particle distribution at midrapidity are extracted for charged hadrons and studied as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) and mean charged particle multiplicity density ⟨N_{ch}⟩ in U+U (sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV), Au+Au, Cu+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV with the STAR detector. For the same ⟨N_{ch}⟩, the v_{1}^{fluc} and v_{3} coefficients are observed to be independent of the collision system, while v_{2} exhibits such a scaling only when normalized by the initial-state eccentricity (ϵ_{2}). The data also show that ln(v_{2}/ϵ_{2}) scales linearly with ⟨N_{ch}⟩^{-1/3}. These measurements provide insight into initial-geometry fluctuations and the role of viscous hydrodynamic attenuation on v_{n} from small to large collision systems.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50t445bnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt50t445bn/qt50t445bn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.122.172301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 122, iss 17172301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt06d2k27s2026-09-17T15:34:48Zqt06d2k27sCollision-energy dependence of pt correlations in Au + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHirsch, AHolub, LHong, Y2019-04-01We present two-particle pt correlations as a function of event centrality for Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using the STAR detector. These results are compared to previous measurements from CERES at the Super Proton Synchrotron and from ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider. The data are compared with UrQMD model calculations and with a model based on a Boltzmann-Langevin approach incorporating effects from thermalization. The relative dynamical correlations for Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV show a power-law dependence on the number of participant nucleons and agree with the results for Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV from ALICE. As the collision energy is lowered from sNN=200 to 7.7 GeV, the centrality dependence of the relative dynamical correlations departs from the power-law behavior observed at the higher collision energies. In central collisions, the relative dynamical correlations increase with collision energy up to sNN=200 GeV in contrast to previous measurements that showed little dependence on the collision energy.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/06d2k27shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt06d2k27s/qt06d2k27s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.99.044918articlePhysical Review C, vol 99, iss 4044918oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3nb3x65z2026-09-17T15:34:41Zqt3nb3x65zThe proton–Ω correlation function in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChang, F-HChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2019-03-01We present the first measurement of the proton–Ω correlation function in heavy-ion collisions for the central (0–40%) and peripheral (40–80%) Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Predictions for the ratio of peripheral collisions to central collisions for the proton–Ω correlation function are sensitive to the presence of a nucleon–Ω bound state. These predictions are based on the proton–Ω interaction extracted from ( 2 + 1 ) -flavor lattice QCD calculations at the physical point. The measured ratio of the proton–Ω correlation function between the peripheral (small system) and central (large system) collisions is less than unity for relative momentum smaller than 40 MeV/c. Comparison of our measured correlation ratio with theoretical calculation slightly favors a proton–Ω bound system with a binding energy of ∼ 27 MeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CorrelationsFemtoscopyN Omega dibaryonhep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nb3x65zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3nb3x65z/qt3nb3x65z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.01.055articlePhysics Letters B, vol 790490 - 497oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2975565b2026-09-17T15:34:35Zqt2975565bTransverse spin transfer to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-11-01The transverse spin transfer from polarized protons to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons is expected to provide sensitivity to the transversity distribution of the nucleon and to the transversely polarized fragmentation functions. We report the first measurement of the transverse spin transfer to Λ and Λ¯ along the polarization direction of the fragmenting quark, DTT, in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 18 pb-1 and cover the pseudorapidity range |η|<1.2 and transverse momenta pT up to 8 GeV/c. The dependence on pT and η are presented. The DTT results are found to be comparable with a model prediction and are also consistent with zero within uncertainties.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2975565bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2975565b/qt2975565b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.091103articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 9091103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt44j0b4bp2026-09-17T15:34:28Zqt44j0b4bpLongitudinal double-spin asymmetries for π0s in the forward direction for 510 GeV polarized pp collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-08-01The STAR Collaboration reports measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for neutral pions produced at forward directions in polarized proton-proton collisions, at a center-of-mass energy of 510 GeV. Results are given for transverse momenta in the range 25106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/44j0b4bphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt44j0b4bp/qt44j0b4bp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.032013articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 3032013oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5v07v3db2026-09-17T15:34:22Zqt5v07v3dbTransverse spin-dependent azimuthal correlations of charged pion pairs measured in p ↑ + p collisions at s = 500 GeVAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDedovich, TGDeng, JDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-05-01The transversity distribution, which describes transversely polarized quarks in transversely polarized nucleons, is a fundamental component of the spin structure of the nucleon, and is only loosely constrained by global fits to existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. In transversely polarized p ↑ + p collisions it can be accessed using transverse polarization dependent fragmentation functions which give rise to azimuthal correlations between the polarization of the struck parton and the final state scalar mesons. This letter reports on spin dependent di-hadron correlations measured by the STAR experiment. The new dataset corresponds to 25 pb−1 integrated luminosity of p ↑ + p collisions at s = 500 GeV, an increase of more than a factor of ten compared to our previous measurement at s = 200 GeV. Non-zero asymmetries sensitive to transversity are observed at a Q 2 of several hundred GeV and are found to be consistent with the former measurement and a model calculation. We expect that these data will enable an extraction of transversity with comparable precision to current SIDIS datasets but at much higher momentum transfers where subleading effects are suppressed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)TransversityDi-hadron correlationsInterference fragmentation functionhep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v07v3dbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5v07v3db/qt5v07v3db.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.02.069articlePhysics Letters B, vol 780332 - 339oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2zz1b42w2026-09-17T15:34:15Zqt2zz1b42wGlobal Λ hyperon polarization in nuclear collisionsAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2017-08-01The measurement of an alignment between the angular momentum of a non-central collision between heavy ions and the spin of emitted particles reveals that the fluid produced in the collision is extremely vortical.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zz1b42whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2zz1b42w/qt2zz1b42w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/nature23004articleNature, vol 548, iss 766562 - 65oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2k03c8mr2026-09-17T15:34:08Zqt2k03c8mrDirect virtual photon production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, XChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, L2017-07-01We report the direct virtual photon invariant yields in the transverse momentum ranges 16 GeV/c the production follows TAA scaling. Model calculations with contributions from thermal radiation and initial hard parton scattering are consistent within uncertainties with the direct virtual photon invariant yield.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k03c8mrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2k03c8mr/qt2k03c8mr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.050articlePhysics Letters B, vol 770451 - 458oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5723s6kf2026-09-17T15:34:02Zqt5723s6kfJet-like correlations with direct-photon and neutral-pion triggers at sNN=200 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, THuang, BHuang, XHuang, HZ2016-09-01Azimuthal correlations of charged hadrons with direct-photon (γdir) and neutral-pion (π0) trigger particles are analyzed in central Au+Au and minimum-bias p+p collisions at sNN=200 GeV in the STAR experiment. The charged-hadron per-trigger yields at mid-rapidity from central Au+Au collisions are compared with p+p collisions to quantify the suppression in Au+Au collisions. The suppression of the away-side associated-particle yields per γdir trigger is independent of the transverse momentum of the trigger particle (pTtrig), whereas the suppression is smaller at low transverse momentum of the associated charged hadrons (pTassoc). Within uncertainty, similar levels of suppression are observed for γdir and π0 triggers as a function of zT (≡pTassoc/pTtrig). The results are compared with energy-loss-inspired theoretical model predictions. Our studies support previous conclusions that the lost energy reappears predominantly at low transverse momentum, regardless of the trigger energy.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5723s6kfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5723s6kf/qt5723s6kf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.07.046articlePhysics Letters B, vol 760689 - 696oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9p52d10t2026-09-17T15:33:53Zqt9p52d10tMeasurement of jet activity in top quark events using the eμ final state with two b-tagged jets in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, O2016-09-01Measurements of the jet activity in tt¯$$ t\overline{t} $$ events produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV are presented, using 20.3 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The events were selected in the dilepton eμ decay channel with two identified b-jets. The numbers of additional jets for various jet transverse momentum (pT) thresholds, and the normalised differential cross-sections as a function of pT for the five highest-pT additional jets, were measured in the jet pseudo-rapidity range |η| < 4.5. The gap fraction, the fraction of events which do not contain an additional jet in a central rapidity region, was measured for several rapidity intervals as a function of the minimum pT of a single jet or the scalar sum of pT of all additional jets. These fractions were also measured in different intervals of the invariant mass of the eμbb¯$$ e\mu b\overline{b} $$ system. All measurements were corrected for detector effects, and found to be mostly well-described by predictions from next-to-leading-order and leading-order tt¯$$ t\overline{t} $$ event generators with appropriate parameter choices. The results can be used to further optimise the parameters used in such generators.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p52d10thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9p52d10t/qt9p52d10t.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep09(2016)074articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2016, iss 974oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8r20c9602026-09-17T15:33:30Zqt8r20c960Observation of Centrality-Dependent Acoplanarity for Muon Pairs Produced via Two-Photon Scattering in Pb+Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS DetectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, O2018-11-23This Letter presents a measurement of γγ→μ^{+}μ^{-} production in Pb+Pb collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 0.49 nb^{-1}. The azimuthal angle and transverse momentum correlations between the muons are measured as a function of collision centrality. The muon pairs are produced from γγ through the interaction of the large electromagnetic fields of the nuclei. The contribution from background sources of muon pairs is removed using a template fit method. In peripheral collisions, the muons exhibit a strong back-to-back correlation consistent with previous measurements of muon pair production in ultraperipheral collisions. The angular correlations are observed to broaden significantly in central collisions. The modifications are qualitatively consistent with rescattering of the muons while passing through the hot matter produced in the collision.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r20c960info:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.121.212301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 121, iss 21212301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt12m6c7hf2026-09-17T15:33:15Zqt12m6c7hfSearch for a Structure in the Bs0π± Invariant Mass Spectrum with the ATLAS ExperimentAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2018-05-18A search for the narrow structure, X(5568), reported by the D0 Collaboration in the decay sequence X→B_{s}^{0}π^{±}, B_{s}^{0}→J/ψϕ, is presented. The analysis is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC corresponding to 4.9 fb^{-1} of pp collisions at 7 TeV and 19.5 fb^{-1} at 8 TeV. No significant signal was found. Upper limits on the number of signal events, with properties corresponding to those reported by D0, and on the X production rate relative to B_{s}^{0} mesons, ρ_{X}, were determined at 95% confidence level. The results are N(X)<382 and ρ_{X}<0.015 for B_{s}^{0} mesons with transverse momenta above 10 GeV, and N(X)<356 and ρ_{X}<0.016 for transverse momenta above 15 GeV. Limits are also set for potential B_{s}^{0}π^{±} resonances in the mass range 5550 to 5700 MeV.ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/12m6c7hfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.120.202007articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 120, iss 20202007oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt094169xj2026-09-17T15:33:00Zqt094169xjSearch for doubly charged Higgs boson production in multi-lepton final states with the ATLAS detector using proton–proton collisions at s=13TeVAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-03-01A search for doubly charged Higgs bosons with pairs of prompt, isolated, highly energetic leptons with the same electric charge is presented. The search uses a proton–proton collision data sample at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to 36.1 fb-1$$\text {fb}^{-1}$$ of integrated luminosity recorded in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This analysis focuses on the decays H±±→e±e±$$H^{\pm \pm }\rightarrow e^{\pm }e^{\pm }$$, H±±→e±μ±$$H^{\pm \pm }\rightarrow e^{\pm }\mu ^{\pm }$$ and H±±→μ±μ±$$H^{\pm \pm }\rightarrow \mu ^{\pm }\mu ^{\pm }$$, fitting the dilepton mass spectra in several exclusive signal regions. No significant evidence of a signal is observed and corresponding limits on the production cross-section and consequently a lower limit on m(H±±)$$m(H^{\pm \pm })$$ are derived at 95% confidence level. With ℓ±ℓ±=e±e±/μ±μ±/e±μ±$$\ell ^{\pm }\ell ^{\pm }=e^{\pm }e^{\pm }/\mu ^{\pm }\mu ^{\pm }/e^{\pm }\mu ^{\pm }$$, the observed lower limit on the mass of a doubly charged Higgs boson only coupling to left-handed leptons varies from 770 to 870 GeV (850 GeV expected) for B(H±±→ℓ±ℓ±)=100%$$B(H^{\pm \pm }\rightarrow \ell ^{\pm }\ell ^{\pm })=100\%$$ and both the expected and observed mass limits are above 450 GeV for B(H±±→ℓ±ℓ±)=10%$$B(H^{\pm \pm }\rightarrow \ell ^{\pm }\ell ^{\pm })=10\%$$ and any combination of partial branching ratios.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/094169xjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt094169xj/qt094169xj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5661-zarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 78, iss 3199oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3hb4w7682026-09-17T15:32:15Zqt3hb4w768Measurement of longitudinal flow decorrelations in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 and 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-02-01Measurements of longitudinal flow correlations are presented for charged particles in the pseudorapidity range |η|<2.4$$|\eta |<2.4$$ using 7 and 470 μb-1$$\upmu \hbox {b}^{-1}$$ of Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76$$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}}=2.76$$ and 5.02 TeV, respectively, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. It is found that the correlation between the harmonic flow coefficients vn$$v_n$$ measured in two separated η$$\eta $$ intervals does not factorise into the product of single-particle coefficients, and this breaking of factorisation, or flow decorrelation, increases linearly with the η$$\eta $$ separation between the intervals. The flow decorrelation is stronger at 2.76 TeV than at 5.02 TeV. Higher-order moments of the correlations are also measured, and the corresponding linear coefficients for the kth$$k{\text {th}}$$-moment of the vn$$v_n$$ are found to be proportional to k for v3$$v_3$$, but not for v2$$v_2$$. The decorrelation effect is separated into contributions from the magnitude of vn$$v_n$$ and the event-plane orientation, each as a function of η$$\eta $$. These two contributions are found to be comparable. The longitudinal flow correlations are also measured between vn$$v_n$$ of different order in n. The decorrelations of v2$$v_2$$ and v3$$v_3$$ are found to be independent of each other, while the decorrelations of v4$$v_4$$ and v5$$v_5$$ are found to be driven by the nonlinear contribution from v22$$v_2^2$$ and v2v3$$v_2v_3$$, respectively.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hb4w768https://escholarship.org/content/qt3hb4w768/qt3hb4w768.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5605-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 78, iss 2142oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9bc4f2122026-09-17T15:32:00Zqt9bc4f212Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Higgs Boson Decaying to bb¯ Using 36 fb-1 of pp Collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS DetectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2017-11-03Several extensions of the standard model predict associated production of dark-matter particles with a Higgs boson. Such processes are searched for in final states with missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to a bb[over ¯] pair with the ATLAS detector using 36.1 fb^{-1} of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC. The observed data are in agreement with the standard model predictions and limits are placed on the associated production of dark-matter particles and a Higgs boson.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bc4f212https://escholarship.org/content/qt9bc4f212/qt9bc4f212.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.119.181804articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 119, iss 18181804oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2833n2042026-09-17T15:31:44Zqt2833n204Measurement of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in pp, p + Pb and low-multiplicity Pb + Pb collisions with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DSantos, SP Amor DosAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, O2017-06-01Multi-particle cumulants and corresponding Fourier harmonics are measured for azimuthal angle distributions of charged particles in pp$$pp$$ collisions at s$$\sqrt{s}$$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV and in p$$p$$ + Pb collisions at sNN$$\sqrt{s_{_\text {NN}}}$$ = 5.02 TeV, and compared to the results obtained for low-multiplicity Pb+Pb$$\mathrm{Pb}~+~\mathrm{Pb}$$ collisions at sNN$$\sqrt{s_{_\text {NN}}}$$ = 2.76 TeV. These measurements aim to assess the collective nature of particle production. The measurements of multi-particle cumulants confirm the evidence for collective phenomena in p$$p$$ + Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb$$\mathrm{Pb}~+~\mathrm{Pb}$$ collisions. On the other hand, the pp$$pp$$ results for four-particle cumulants do not demonstrate collective behaviour, indicating that they may be biased by contributions from non-flow correlations. A comparison of multi-particle cumulants and derived Fourier harmonics across different collision systems is presented as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. For a given multiplicity, the measured Fourier harmonics are largest in Pb+Pb$$\mathrm{Pb}~+~\mathrm{Pb}$$, smaller in p$$p$$ + Pb and smallest in pp$$pp$$ collisions. The pp$$pp$$ results show no dependence on the collision energy, nor on the multiplicity.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-exnucl-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2833n204https://escholarship.org/content/qt2833n204/qt2833n204.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4988-1articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 6428oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt965708hz2026-09-17T15:31:29Zqt965708hzSearch for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs and Z bosons with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DSantos, SP Amor DosAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2017-02-01Direct searches for lepton flavour violation in decays of the Higgs and Z bosons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. The following three decays are considered: H→eτ$$H\rightarrow e\tau $$, H→μτ$$H\rightarrow \mu \tau $$, and Z→μτ$$Z\rightarrow \mu \tau $$. The searches are based on the data sample of proton–proton collisions collected by the ATLAS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1$$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$$ at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8$$\sqrt{s}=8$$ TeV. No significant excess is observed, and upper limits on the lepton-flavour-violating branching ratios are set at the 95%$$\%$$ confidence level: Br(H→eτ)<1.04%$$(H\rightarrow e\tau )<1.04\%$$, Br(H→μτ)<1.43%$$(H\rightarrow \mu \tau )<1.43\%$$, and Br(Z→μτ)<1.69×10-5$$(Z\rightarrow \mu \tau )<1.69\times 10^{-5}$$.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/965708hzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt965708hz/qt965708hz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4624-0articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 270oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2g22c3qn2026-09-17T15:31:14Zqt2g22c3qnA measurement of the calorimeter response to single hadrons and determination of the jet energy scale uncertainty using LHC Run-1 pp-collision data with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DSantos, SP Amor DosAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2017-01-01A measurement of the calorimeter response to isolated charged hadrons in the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. This measurement is performed with 3.2 nb-1$$^{-1}$$ of proton–proton collision data at s=7$$\sqrt{s}=7$$ TeV$$\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ from 2010 and 0.1 nb-1$$^{-1}$$ of data at s=8$$\sqrt{s}=8$$ TeV$$\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ from 2012. A number of aspects of the calorimeter response to isolated hadrons are explored. After accounting for energy deposited by neutral particles, there is a 5% discrepancy in the modelling, using various sets of Geant4 hadronic physics models, of the calorimeter response to isolated charged hadrons in the central calorimeter region. The description of the response to anti-protons at low momenta is found to be improved with respect to previous analyses. The electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters are also examined separately, and the detector simulation is found to describe the response in the hadronic calorimeter well. The jet energy scale uncertainty and correlations in scale between jets of different momenta and pseudorapidity are derived based on these studies. The uncertainty is 2–5% for jets with transverse momenta above 2 TeV$$\,\mathrm{TeV}$$, where this method provides the jet energy scale uncertainty for ATLAS.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g22c3qnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2g22c3qn/qt2g22c3qn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4580-0articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 126oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20t602772026-09-17T15:30:59Zqt20t60277Measurement of the Inelastic Proton-Proton Cross Section at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHCAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2016-10-28This Letter presents a measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section using 60 μb^{-1} of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s] of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Inelastic interactions are selected using rings of plastic scintillators in the forward region (2.07<|η|<3.86) of the detector. A cross section of 68.1±1.4 mb is measured in the fiducial region ξ=M_{X}^{2}/s>10^{-6}, where M_{X} is the larger invariant mass of the two hadronic systems separated by the largest rapidity gap in the event. In this ξ range the scintillators are highly efficient. For diffractive events this corresponds to cases where at least one proton dissociates to a system with M_{X}>13 GeV. The measured cross section is compared with a range of theoretical predictions. When extrapolated to the full phase space, a cross section of 78.1±2.9 mb is measured, consistent with the inelastic cross section increasing with center-of-mass energy.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20t60277https://escholarship.org/content/qt20t60277/qt20t60277.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.117.182002articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 117, iss 18182002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8932j4m12026-09-17T15:30:44Zqt8932j4m1Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity distribution in proton–lead collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArslan, O2016-04-01The centrality dependence of the mean charged-particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity is measured in approximately 1 μ$$\upmu $$b-1$$^{-1}$$ of proton–lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sNN=5.02$$\sqrt{s_{_\text {NN}}} = 5.02$$ TeV$$\text {TeV}$$ using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Charged particles with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.7 are reconstructed using the ATLAS pixel detector. The collision centrality is characterised by the total transverse energy measured in the Pb-going direction of the forward calorimeter. The charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions are found to vary strongly with centrality, with an increasing asymmetry between the proton-going and Pb-going directions as the collisions become more central. Three different estimations of the number of nucleons participating in the collision have been carried out using the Glauber model as well as two Glauber–Gribov inspired extensions to the Glauber model. Charged-particle multiplicities per participant pair are found to vary differently for these three models, highlighting the importance of including colour fluctuations in nucleon–nucleon collisions in the modelling of the initial state of collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-exnucl-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8932j4m1https://escholarship.org/content/qt8932j4m1/qt8932j4m1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4002-3articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 4199oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt296189vb2026-09-17T15:30:00Zqt296189vbSearch for heavy long-lived multicharged particles in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbbott, DCAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdam, LAdamczyk, LAdamek, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexandre, DAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAn, FAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FA2019-03-01A search for heavy long-lived multicharged particles is performed using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 collected in 2015 and 2016 from proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV are examined. Particles producing anomalously high ionization, consistent with long-lived massive particles with electric charges from |q|=2e to |q|=7e, are searched for. No events are observed, and 95% confidence level cross-section upper limits are interpreted as lower mass limits for a Drell-Yan production model. Multicharged particles with masses between 50 and 980–1220 GeV (depending on their electric charge) are excluded.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/296189vbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt296189vb/qt296189vb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.99.052003articlePhysical Review D, vol 99, iss 5052003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3r4205qs2026-09-17T15:29:47Zqt3r4205qsObservation and measurements of the production of prompt and non-prompt Jψ mesons in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at s=8TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2015-05-01The production of a Z$$Z$$ boson in association with a J/ψ$$J/\psi $$ meson in proton–proton collisions probes the production mechanisms of quarkonium and heavy flavour in association with vector bosons, and allows studies of multiple parton scattering. Using 20.3fb-1$$20.3\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ of data collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in pp$$pp$$ collisions at s=8TeV$$\sqrt{s}=8\,\text {TeV}$$, the first measurement of associated Z+J/ψ$$Z\, +\, J/\psi $$ production is presented for both prompt and non-prompt J/ψ$$J/\psi $$ production, with both signatures having a significance in excess of 5σ$$5\sigma $$. The inclusive production cross-sections for Z$$Z$$ boson production (analysed in μ+μ-$$\mu ^+\mu ^-$$ or e+e-$$e^+e^-$$ decay modes) in association with prompt and non-prompt J/ψ(→μ+μ-)$$J/\psi (\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-)$$ are measured relative to the inclusive production rate of Z$$Z$$ bosons in the same fiducial volume to be (36.8±6.7±2.5)×10-7$$(36.8\pm 6.7\pm 2.5)\, \times \, 10^{-7}$$ and (65.8±9.2±4.2)×10-7$$(65.8\pm 9.2\pm 4.2)\, \times \, 10^{-7}$$ respectively. Normalised differential production cross-section ratios are also determined as a function of the Jψ$$\text {J}\uppsi $$ transverse momentum. The fraction of signal events arising from single and double parton scattering is estimated, and a lower limit of 5.3(3.7)mb$$5.3\ (3.7)\,\text {mb}$$ at 68(95)%$$68\ (95) \%$$ confidence level is placed on the effective cross-section regulating double parton interactions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Atlas CollaborationAtlas CollaborationAtlas Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r4205qshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3r4205qs/qt3r4205qs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3406-9articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 5229oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0fm3g9n82026-09-17T15:29:31Zqt0fm3g9n8Measurement of Top Quark Polarization in Top-Antitop Events from Proton-Proton Collisions at s=7 TeV Using the ATLAS DetectorAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAefsky, SAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmmosov, VVDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, E2013-12-06This Letter presents measurements of the polarization of the top quark in top-antitop quark pair events, using 4.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at √s=7 TeV. Final states containing one or two isolated leptons (electrons or muons) and jets are considered. Two measurements of α(ℓ)P, the product of the leptonic spin-analyzing power and the top quark polarization, are performed assuming that the polarization is introduced by either a CP conserving or a maximally CP violating production process. The measurements obtained, α(ℓ)P(CPC)=-0.035±0.014(stat)±0.037(syst) and α(ℓ)P(CPV)=0.020±0.016(stat)(-0.017)(+0.013)(syst), are in good agreement with the standard model prediction of negligible top quark polarization.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fm3g9n8https://escholarship.org/content/qt0fm3g9n8/qt0fm3g9n8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.111.232002articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 111, iss 23232002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8g0433g42026-09-17T15:29:15Zqt8g0433g4Search for a light charged Higgs boson in the decay channel in events using pp collisions at with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdelalim, AAAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdragna, PAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAndrieux, M-LAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAoun, SAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, S2013-06-01A search for a charged Higgs boson (H+) in $$t\bar{t}$$ decays is presented, where one of the top quarks decays via t→H+b, followed by H+→ two jets ($$c\bar{s}$$). The other top quark decays to Wb, where the W boson then decays into a lepton (e/μ) and a neutrino. The data were recorded in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 7~\mathrm {TeV}$$ by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1. With no observation of a signal, 95 % confidence level (CL) upper limits are set on the decay branching ratio of top quarks to charged Higgs bosons varying between 5 % and 1 % for H+ masses between 90 GeV and 150 GeV, assuming $$\mathcal{B}(H^{+} \rightarrow c\bar{s})=100~\%$$.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)The ATLAS CollaborationThe ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g0433g4https://escholarship.org/content/qt8g0433g4/qt8g0433g4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2465-zarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 73, iss 62465oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt48q0f6dh2026-09-17T15:29:00Zqt48q0f6dhMeasurement of the production cross section in the tau + jets channel using the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdelalim, AAAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdragna, PAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAharrouche, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAndrieux, M-LAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAoun, SAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, S2013-03-01A measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in the final state with a hadronically decaying tau lepton and jets is presented. The analysis is based on proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.67 fb−1. The cross section is measured to be $$\sigma_{t\bar{t}} = 194 \pm18\ (\mbox{stat}.) \pm46\ (\mbox{syst}.)~\mbox{pb}$$ and is in agreement with other measurements and with the Standard Model prediction.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/48q0f6dhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt48q0f6dh/qt48q0f6dh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2328-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 73, iss 32328oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0cr1j0wf2026-09-17T15:28:44Zqt0cr1j0wfMulti-channel search for squarks and gluinos in pp collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHCThe ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdelalim, AAAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdragna, PAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAndrieux, M-LAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAoun, SAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, S2013-03-01A search for supersymmetric particles in final states with zero, one, and two leptons, with and without jets identified as originating from b-quarks, in 4.7 fb−1 of $$\sqrt{s}=7\mbox{ TeV}$$pp collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector is presented. The search uses a set of variables carrying information on the event kinematics transverse and parallel to the beam line that are sensitive to several topologies expected in supersymmetry. Mutually exclusive final states are defined, allowing a combination of all channels to increase the search sensitivity. No deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed. Upper limits at 95 % confidence level on visible cross-sections for the production of new particles are extracted. Results are interpreted in the context of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model and in supersymmetry-inspired models with diverse, high-multiplicity final states.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cr1j0wfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0cr1j0wf/qt0cr1j0wf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2362-5articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 73, iss 32362oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08h621m92026-09-17T15:28:30Zqt08h621m9Measurement of production with a veto on additional central jet activity in pp collisions at TeV using the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdelalim, AAAbdesselam, AAbdinov, OAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAcerbi, EAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAderholz, MAdomeit, SAdragna, PAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAharrouche, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GAkdogan, TÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAkiyama, AAlam, MSAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAliyev, MAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral, PAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmorim, AAmorós, GAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAndrieux, M-LAnduaga, XSAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoun, SAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArik, EArik, M2012-06-01A measurement of the jet activity in $$t\bar{t}$$ events produced in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented, using 2.05 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The $$t\bar{t}$$ events are selected in the dilepton decay channel with two identified b-jets from the top quark decays. Events are vetoed if they contain an additional jet with transverse momentum above a threshold in a central rapidity interval. The fraction of events surviving the jet veto is presented as a function of this threshold for four different central rapidity interval definitions. An alternate measurement is also performed, in which events are vetoed if the scalar transverse momentum sum of the additional jets in each rapidity interval is above a threshold. In both measurements, the data are corrected for detector effects and compared to the theoretical models implemented in MC@NLO, Powheg, Alpgen and Sherpa. The experimental uncertainties are often smaller than the spread of theoretical predictions, allowing deviations between data and theory to be observed in some regions of phase space.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08h621m9https://escholarship.org/content/qt08h621m9/qt08h621m9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2043-9articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 72, iss 62043oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0xr4r08j2026-09-17T15:25:44Zqt0xr4r08jUnpacking the Disconnect Between Wholesale and Retail Electric RatesCappers, PeterMurphy, Sean2019-08-08The 2017 DOE Staff Report to the Secretary on Electricity Markets and Reliability noted a disconnect between falling wholesale electricity prices and flat or rising retail investor-owned utility (IOU) electricity prices between 2008 and 2016. This analysis sought to assess recent trends in utility costs, retail sales, and/or retail rates vis-à-vis wholesale market prices in order to help explain this disconnect.
Using FERC Form 1 and ICE Power Indices data, Berkeley Lab researchers developed key annual metrics between 2007 and 2016 at a regional level for five of the seven NERC regions: Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO), Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC), ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC), SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC), and Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). The analyses of these metrics enabled Berkeley Lab researchers to arrive at the following conclusions:
~Retail and wholesale rates were increasingly disconnected across all included NERC regions;
~Reductions in wholesale electricity market prices happened concurrently with reductions in IOU fuel and purchased power (FPP) costs, but sizable regional differences in the degree of FPP cost reductions existed;
~Reductions in IOU FPP costs were offset in part by increases in non-fuel operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, but modest regional differences in the degree of these cost impacts existed;
~Reductions in IOU FPP costs were also offset in part by increases in capital expenditures, but regional differences in the magnitude and type of investments existed; and
~Reductions in retail sales tended to mitigate the effect on retail rates from reductions in total utility costs, but regional differences existed that were sometimes counterintuitive and suggest the value in a more detailed analysis of utility costs vis-à-vis general rate case filings and decisions to better understand retail rate changes over time.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xr4r08jhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0xr4r08j/qt0xr4r08j.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt79x937t12026-09-17T15:25:21Zqt79x937t1Quantification of regional net CO2 flux errors in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) v10 model intercomparison project (MIP) ensemble using airborne measurementsYun, JeongminLiu, JunjieByrne, BrendanWeir, BradOtt, Lesley EMcKain, KathrynBaier, Bianca CGatti, Luciana VBiraud, Sebastien C2025-02-06Inverse model intercomparison projects (MIPs) provide a chance to assess the uncertainties in inversion estimates arising from various sources. However, accurately quantifying ensemble CO 2 flux errors remains challenging and often relies on the ensemble spread. This study proposes a method for quantifying the errors in regional net surface–atmosphere CO 2 flux estimates from models taken from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) v10 MIP by using independent airborne CO 2 measurements for the period 2015–2017. We first calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the ensemble mean of posterior CO 2 concentrations and airborne observations and then isolate the CO 2 concentration errors caused solely by the ensemble mean of posterior net fluxes by subtracting the observation, representation, and transport errors from seven regions. Our analysis reveals that the flux errors projected onto CO 2 space account for 55 %–85 % of the regional average RMSE over the 3 years, ranging from 0.88 to 1.91 ppm. In five regions, the error estimates based on observations exceed those computed from the ensemble spread of posterior fluxes by a factor of 1.33–1.93, implying an underestimation of the actual flux errors, while their magnitudes are comparable in two regions. The adjoint sensitivity analysis identifies that the underestimation of flux errors is prominent where the magnitudes of fossil fuel emissions exceed those of terrestrial-biosphere fluxes by a factor of 3–31 over the 3 years. This suggests the presence of systematic biases in the inversion estimates associated with errors in the prescribed fossil fuel emissions common to all models. Our study emphasizes the value of airborne measurements for quantifying regional errors in ensemble net CO 2 flux estimates.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/79x937t1https://escholarship.org/content/qt79x937t1/qt79x937t1.pdfinfo:doi/10.5194/acp-25-1725-2025articleAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol 25, iss 31725 - 1748oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt02f7q0ks2026-09-17T15:24:58Zqt02f7q0ksMeasurement of the tt¯Z and tt¯W cross sections in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbbott, DCAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdam, LAdamczyk, LAdamek, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexandre, DAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAn, FAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FA2019-04-01A measurement of the associated production of a top-quark pair (tt¯) with a vector boson (W, Z) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented, using 36.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in channels with two same- or opposite-sign leptons (electrons or muons), three leptons or four leptons, and each channel is further divided into multiple regions to maximize the sensitivity of the measurement. The tt¯Z and tt¯W production cross sections are simultaneously measured using a combined fit to all regions. The best-fit values of the production cross sections are σtt¯Z=0.95±0.08stat±0.10syst pb and σtt¯W=0.87±0.13stat±0.14syst pb in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. The measurement of the tt¯Z cross section is used to set constraints on effective field theory operators which modify the tt¯Z vertex.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/02f7q0ksinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.99.072009articlePhysical Review D, vol 99, iss 7072009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08r9z1k52026-09-17T15:24:37Zqt08r9z1k5Combination of searches for heavy resonances decaying into bosonic and leptonic final states using 36 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, O2018-09-01Searches for new heavy resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons, are presented using a data sample corresponding to 36.1 fb-1 of pp collisions at s=13 TeV collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting bosonic decay modes in the qqqq, ννqq, ℓνqq, ℓℓqq, ℓνℓν, ℓℓνν, ℓνℓℓ, ℓℓℓℓ, qqbb, ννbb, ℓνbb, and ℓℓbb final states are combined, searching for a narrow-width resonance. Likewise, analyses selecting the leptonic ℓν and ℓℓ final states are also combined. These two sets of analyses are then further combined. No significant deviation from the Standard Model predictions is observed. Three benchmark models are tested: a model predicting the existence of a new heavy scalar singlet, a simplified model predicting a heavy vector-boson triplet, and a bulk Randall-Sundrum model with a heavy spin-2 Kaluza-Klein excitation of the graviton. Cross section limits are set at the 95% confidence level using an asymptotic approximation and are compared with predictions for the benchmark models. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.5 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario and 4.5 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, as well as a Kaluza-Klein graviton with mass below 2.3 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08r9z1k5https://escholarship.org/content/qt08r9z1k5/qt08r9z1k5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.052008articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 5052008oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1w84f2zb2026-09-17T15:24:21Zqt1w84f2zbObservation of H → b b ¯ decays and VH production with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdam, LAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexandre, DAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAn, FAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-F2018-11-01A search for the decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson into a b b ¯ pair when produced in association with a W or Z boson is performed with the ATLAS detector. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 79.8 fb − 1 were collected in proton–proton collisions during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV . For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV , an excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.9 (4.3) standard deviations. A combination with the results from other searches in Run 1 and in Run 2 for the Higgs boson in the b b ¯ decay mode is performed, which yields an observed (expected) significance of 5.4 (5.5) standard deviations, thus providing direct observation of the Higgs boson decay into b-quarks. The ratio of the measured event yield for a Higgs boson decaying into b b ¯ to the Standard Model expectation is 1.01 ± 0.12 ( stat . ) − 0.15 + 0.16 ( syst . ) . Additionally, a combination of Run 2 results searching for the Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson yields an observed (expected) significance of 5.3 (4.8) standard deviations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1w84f2zbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1w84f2zb/qt1w84f2zb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.09.013articlePhysics Letters B, vol 78659 - 86oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8k33p68g2026-09-17T15:24:00Zqt8k33p68gMeasurement of the suppression and azimuthal anisotropy of muons from heavy-flavor decays in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2018-10-01ATLAS measurements of the production of muons from heavy-flavor decays in sNN=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions and s=2.76 TeV pp collisions at the LHC are presented. Integrated luminosities of 0.14 nb−1 and 570 nb−1 are used for the Pb+Pb and pp measurements, respectively, which are performed over the muon transverse momentum range 45106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k33p68ginfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.98.044905articlePhysical Review C, vol 98, iss 4044905oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4s3742v22026-09-17T15:23:48Zqt4s3742v2Measurement of long-range multiparticle azimuthal correlations with the subevent cumulant method in pp and p+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron ColliderAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-02-01A detailed study of multiparticle azimuthal correlations is presented using pp data at s=5.02 and 13 TeV, and p+Pb data at sNN=5.02 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The azimuthal correlations are probed using four-particle cumulants cn{4} and flow coefficients vn{4}=(−cn{4})1/4 for n=2 and 3, with the goal of extracting long-range multiparticle azimuthal correlation signals and suppressing the short-range correlations. The values of cn{4} are obtained as a function of the average number of charged particles per event, Nch, using the recently proposed two-subevent and three-subevent cumulant methods, and compared with results obtained with the standard cumulant method. The standard method is found to be strongly biased by short-range correlations, which originate mostly from jets with a positive contribution to cn{4}. The three-subevent method, on the other hand, is found to be least sensitive to short-range correlations. The three-subevent method gives a negative c2{4}, and therefore a well-defined v2{4}, nearly independent of Nch, which implies that the long-range multiparticle azimuthal correlations persist to events with low multiplicity. Furthermore, v2{4} is found to be smaller than the v2{2} measured using the two-particle correlation method, as expected for long-range collective behavior. Finally, the measured values of v2{4} and v2{2} are used to estimate the number of sources relevant for the initial eccentricity in the collision geometry. The results based on the subevent cumulant technique provide direct evidence, in small collision systems, for a long-range collectivity involving many particles distributed across a broad rapidity interval.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s3742v2https://escholarship.org/content/qt4s3742v2/qt4s3742v2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.97.024904articlePhysical Review C, vol 97, iss 2024904oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3528n5q02026-09-17T15:23:35Zqt3528n5q0Measurement of the cross section for inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2017-07-01Inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a data set with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. The cross section is measured as a function of the photon transverse energy above 125 GeV in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD and Monte Carlo event-generator predictions are compared to the cross-section measurements and provide an adequate description of the data.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3528n5q0https://escholarship.org/content/qt3528n5q0/qt3528n5q0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.072articlePhysics Letters B, vol 770473 - 493oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt60b8350x2026-09-17T15:21:47Zqt60b8350xReadiness of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter for LHC collisionsThe ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdelalim, AAAbdesselam, AAbdinov, OAbi, BAbolins, MAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAcharya, BSAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdorisio, CAdragna, PAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAharrouche, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhmed, HAhsan, MAielli, GAkdogan, TÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAktas, AAlam, MSAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAliyev, MAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmorim, AAmorós, GAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAndeen, TAnders, CFAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnjos, NAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonelli, SAntunovic, BAnulli, FAoun, SArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArchambault, JPArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, TArik, EArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnault, CArtamonov, AArutinov, DAsai, MAsai, SAsfandiyarov, RAsk, SÅsman, BAsner, DAsquith, LAssamagan, K2010-12-01The ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter has been operating continuously since August 2006. At this time, only part of the calorimeter was readout, but since the beginning of 2008, all calorimeter cells have been connected to the ATLAS readout system in preparation for LHC collisions. This paper gives an overview of the liquid argon calorimeter performance measured in situ with random triggers, calibration data, cosmic muons, and LHC beam splash events. Results on the detector operation, timing performance, electronics noise, and gain stability are presented. High energy deposits from radiative cosmic muons and beam splash events allow to check the intrinsic constant term of the energy resolution. The uniformity of the electromagnetic barrel calorimeter response along η (averaged over φ) is measured at the percent level using minimum ionizing cosmic muons. Finally, studies of electromagnetic showers from radiative muons have been used to cross-check the Monte Carlo simulation. The performance results obtained using the ATLAS readout, data acquisition, and reconstruction software indicate that the liquid argon calorimeter is well-prepared for collisions at the dawn of the LHC era.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-dethep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/60b8350xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt60b8350x/qt60b8350x.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1354-yarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 70, iss 3723 - 753oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2k99b7pt2026-09-17T15:21:21Zqt2k99b7ptSearch for heavy resonances decaying into WW in the eνμν final state in pp collisions at s=13TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2018-01-01A search for neutral heavy resonances is performed in the WW→eνμν$$WW\rightarrow e
u \mu
u $$ decay channel using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1fb-1$$36.1\,\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV$$\,\text {TeV}$$ by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of such heavy resonances is found. In the search for production via the quark–antiquark annihilation or gluon–gluon fusion process, upper limits on σX×B(X→WW)$$\sigma _X\times B(X \rightarrow WW)$$ as a function of the resonance mass are obtained in the mass range between 200GeV$$\,\text {GeV}$$ and up to 5TeV$$\,\text {TeV}$$ for various benchmark models: a Higgs-like scalar in different width scenarios, a two-Higgs-doublet model, a heavy vector triplet model, and a warped extra dimensions model. In the vector-boson fusion process, constraints are also obtained on these resonances, as well as on a Higgs boson in the Georgi–Machacek model and a heavy tensor particle coupling only to gauge bosons.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k99b7pthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2k99b7pt/qt2k99b7pt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5491-4articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 78, iss 124oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69t9g6jm2026-09-17T15:21:06Zqt69t9g6jmSearch for dark matter and other new phenomena in events with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum using the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2018-01-01Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are required to have at least one jet with a transverse momentum above 250 GeV and no leptons (e or μ). Several signal regions are considered with increasing requirements on the missing transverse momentum above 250 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model predictions. The results are translated into exclusion limits in models with pair-produced weakly interacting dark-matter candidates, large extra spatial dimensions, and supersymmetric particles in several compressed scenarios.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69t9g6jmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt69t9g6jm/qt69t9g6jm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep01(2018)126articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 1126oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rv073z72026-09-17T15:20:54Zqt8rv073z7Search for electroweak production of supersymmetric states in scenarios with compressed mass spectra at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2018-03-01A search for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in scenarios with compressed mass spectra in final states with two low-momentum leptons and missing transverse momentum is presented. This search uses proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015–2016, corresponding to 36.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity at s=13 TeV. Events with same-flavor pairs of electrons or muons with opposite electric charge are selected. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction. Results are interpreted using simplified models of R-parity-conserving supersymmetry in which there is a small mass difference between the masses of the produced supersymmetric particles and the lightest neutralino. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on next-to-lightest neutralino masses of up to 145 GeV for Higgsino production and 175 GeV for wino production, and slepton masses of up to 190 GeV for pair production of sleptons. In the compressed mass regime, the exclusion limits extend down to mass splittings of 2.5 GeV for Higgsino production, 2 GeV for wino production, and 1 GeV for slepton production. The results are also interpreted in the context of a radiatively-driven natural supersymmetry model with nonuniversal Higgs boson masses.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rv073z7https://escholarship.org/content/qt8rv073z7/qt8rv073z7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.97.052010articlePhysical Review D, vol 97, iss 5052010oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2bh6r0142026-09-17T15:20:42Zqt2bh6r014Search for Low-Mass Dijet Resonances Using Trigger-Level Jets with the ATLAS Detector in pp Collisions at s=13 TeVAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2018-08-24Searches for dijet resonances with sub-TeV masses using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider can be statistically limited by the bandwidth available to inclusive single-jet triggers, whose data-collection rates at low transverse momentum are much lower than the rate from standard model multijet production. This Letter describes a new search for dijet resonances where this limitation is overcome by recording only the event information calculated by the jet trigger algorithms, thereby allowing much higher event rates with reduced storage needs. The search targets low-mass dijet resonances in the range 450-1800 GeV. The analyzed data set has an integrated luminosity of up to 29.3 fb^{-1} and was recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No excesses are found; limits are set on Gaussian-shaped contributions to the dijet mass distribution from new particles and on a model of dark-matter particles with axial-vector couplings to quarks.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bh6r014https://escholarship.org/content/qt2bh6r014/qt2bh6r014.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.121.081801articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 121, iss 8081801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2nr9956h2026-09-17T15:17:46Zqt2nr9956hThe ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibrationThe ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdelalim, AAAbdesselam, AAbdinov, OAbi, BAbolins, MAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAcharya, BSAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdorisio, CAdragna, PAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAharrouche, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GAkdogan, TÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAktas, AAlam, MSAlam, MAAlbrand, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAliyev, MAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmelung, CAmorim, AAmorós, GAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAndeen, TAnders, CFAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonelli, SAntos, JAntunovic, BAnulli, FAoun, SArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArchambault, JPArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, TArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnault, CArtamonov, AArutinov, DAsai, MAsai, SAsfandiyarov, RAsk, SÅsman, BAsner, DAsquith, LAssamagan, KAstvatsatourov, AAtoian, GAuerbach, B2010-12-01The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1±0.9 μm and a relative momentum resolution σp/p=(4.83±0.16)×10−4 GeV−1×pT have been measured for high momentum tracks.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-dethep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nr9956hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2nr9956h/qt2nr9956h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1366-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 70, iss 3787 - 821oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt196382w92026-09-17T15:17:34Zqt196382w9Measurement of the differential cross-section of highly boosted top quarks as a function of their transverse momentum in s=8 TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, AArtoni, G2016-02-01The differential cross-section for pair production of top quarks with high transverse momentum is measured in 20.3 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The measurement is performed for tt¯ events in the lepton+jets channel. The cross-section is reported as a function of the hadronically decaying top quark transverse momentum for values above 300 GeV. The hadronically decaying top quark is reconstructed as an anti-kt jet with radius parameter R=1.0 and identified with jet substructure techniques. The observed yield is corrected for detector effects to obtain a cross-section at particle level in a fiducial region close to the event selection. A parton-level cross-section extrapolated to the full phase space is also reported for top quarks with transverse momentum above 300 GeV. The predictions of a majority of next-to-leading-order and leading-order matrix-element Monte Carlo generators are found to agree with the measured cross-sections.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/196382w9https://escholarship.org/content/qt196382w9/qt196382w9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.93.032009articlePhysical Review D, vol 93, iss 3032009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7s95c1dc2026-09-17T15:17:22Zqt7s95c1dcSearch for metastable heavy charged particles with large ionisation energy loss in pp collisions at s=8 TeV using the ATLAS experimentATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2015-09-01Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of charged heavy long-lived particles, such as R-hadrons or charginos. These particles, if produced at the Large Hadron Collider, should be moving non-relativistically and are therefore identifiable through the measurement of an anomalously large specific energy loss in the ATLAS pixel detector. Measuring heavy long-lived particles through their track parameters in the vicinity of the interaction vertex provides sensitivity to metastable particles with lifetimes from 0.6 ns to 30 ns. A search for such particles with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is presented, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.4$$18.4$$ fb-1$$^{-1}$$ of pp collisions at s=8$$\sqrt{s} = 8$$ TeV. No significant deviation from the Standard Model background expectation is observed, and lifetime-dependent upper limits on R-hadrons and chargino production are set. Gluino R-hadrons with 10 ns lifetime and masses up to 1185 GeV are excluded at 95 %$$\%$$ confidence level, and so are charginos with 15 ns lifetime and masses up to 482 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s95c1dchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7s95c1dc/qt7s95c1dc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3609-0articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 9407oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5050876k2026-09-17T15:17:07Zqt5050876kSearch for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons in s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, V2014-09-01Results from a search for supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons including electrons, muons and taus are presented. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider at s=8 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Signal regions are designed to target supersymmetric scenarios that can be either enriched in or depleted of events involving the production of a Z boson. No significant deviations are observed in data from standard model predictions and results are used to set upper limits on the event yields from processes beyond the standard model. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on the masses of relevant supersymmetric particles are obtained. In R-parity-violating simplified models with decays of the lightest supersymmetric particle to electrons and muons, limits of 1350 and 750 GeV are placed on gluino and chargino masses, respectively. In R-parity-conserving simplified models with heavy neutralinos decaying to a massless lightest supersymmetric particle, heavy neutralino masses up to 620 GeV are excluded. Limits are also placed on other supersymmetric scenarios.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5050876khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5050876k/qt5050876k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.90.052001articlePhysical Review D, vol 90, iss 5052001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0wp965952026-09-17T15:16:52Zqt0wp96595Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in pp collisions at and comparison to the inclusive jet cross-section at using the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdelalim, AAAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdragna, PAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAharrouche, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MSAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAndrieux, M-LAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAoun, SAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, S2013-08-01The inclusive jet cross-section has been measured in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 2.76~\mbox{TeV}$$ in a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $$0.20~\mbox {pb$$^{-1} $$}$$ collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. Jets are identified using the anti-kt algorithm with two radius parameters of 0.4 and 0.6. The inclusive jet double-differential cross-section is presented as a function of the jet transverse momentum pT and jet rapidity y, covering a range of 20≤pT<430 GeV and |y|<4.4. The ratio of the cross-section to the inclusive jet cross-section measurement at $$\sqrt{s} = 7~\mbox{TeV}$$, published by the ATLAS Collaboration, is calculated as a function of both transverse momentum and the dimensionless quantity $$x_{\mathrm{T}} = 2 p_{\mathrm{T}} / \sqrt{s}$$, in bins of jet rapidity. The systematic uncertainties on the ratios are significantly reduced due to the cancellation of correlated uncertainties in the two measurements. Results are compared to the prediction from next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative effects, and next-to-leading order Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, the ATLAS jet cross-section measurements at $$\sqrt{s} = 2.76~\mbox{TeV}$$ and $$\sqrt{s}=7~\mbox{TeV}$$ are analysed within a framework of next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations to determine parton distribution functions of the proton, taking into account the correlations between the measurements.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wp96595https://escholarship.org/content/qt0wp96595/qt0wp96595.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2509-4articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 73, iss 82509oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt78t4810q2026-09-17T15:16:38Zqt78t4810qCosmological analysis of the DESI DR1 Lyα 1D power spectrumChaves-Montero, JFont-Ribera, AMcDonald, PArmengaud, EChebat, DGarcia-Quintero, CKaraçaylı, NGRavoux, CSatyavolu, SSchöneberg, NWalther, MAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBianchi, DBrooks, DClaybaugh, TCuceu, Ade la Macorra, ADoel, PFerraro, SForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGutierrez, GGuy, JHahn, CHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KIshak, MJoyce, RJuneau, SKirkby, DKremin, ALahav, OLamman, CLandriau, MLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, LLeauthaud, ALevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JNadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSilber, JSprayberry, DTan, TTarlé, GWeaver, BAYèche, CZhou, RZou, H2026-06-01We present the cosmological analysis of the one-dimensional Lyman-α flux power spectrum from the first data release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We capture the dependence of the signal on cosmology and intergalactic medium physics using an emulator trained on a cosmological suite of hydrodynamical simulations, and we correct its predictions for the impact of astrophysical contaminants and systematics, many of these not considered in previous analyses. We employ this framework to constrain the amplitude and logarithmic slope of the linear matter power spectrum at k ★ = 0.009 km-1s and redshift z = 3, obtaining Δ2 ★ = 0.379 ± 0.032 and n ★ = -2.309 ± 0.019 https://github.com/igmhub/cobaya_lya_p1d. The robustness of these constraints is validated through the analysis of mocks and a large number of alternative data analysis variations, with cosmological parameters kept blinded throughout the validation process. We then combine our results with constraints from DESI BAO and temperature, polarization, and lensing measurements from Planck, ACT, and SPT-3G to set constraints on ΛCDM extensions. While our measurements do not significantly tighten the limits on the sum of neutrino masses from the combination of these probes, they sharpen the constraints on the effective number of relativistic species, N eff = 3.02 ± 0.10, the running of the spectral index, α s = 0.0014 ± 0.0041, and the running of the running, β s = -0.0006 ± 0.0048, by a factor of 1.18, 1.27, and 1.90, respectively. We conclude by outlining the improvements needed to fully reach the level of confidence implied by these uncertainties.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSLyman alpha forestcosmology of theories beyond the SMneutrino masses from cosmology0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/78t4810qinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/06/040articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2026, iss 06040oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt012707442026-09-17T15:16:31Zqt01270744A framework for integrating genomics, microbial traits, and ecosystem biogeochemistryLi, ZhenRiley, William JMarschmann, Gianna LKaraoz, UlasShirley, Ian AWu, QiongBouskill, Nicholas JChang, Kuang-YuCrill, Patrick MGrant, Robert FKing, EricSaleska, Scott RSullivan, Matthew BTang, JinyunVarner, Ruth KWoodcroft, Ben JWrighton, Kelly CBrodie, Eoin L2025-03-04Microbes drive the biogeochemical cycles of earth systems, yet the long-standing goal of linking emerging genomic information, microbial traits, mechanistic ecosystem models, and projections under climate change has remained elusive despite a wealth of emerging genomic information. Here we developed a general genome-to-ecosystem (G2E) framework for integrating genome-inferred microbial kinetic traits into mechanistic models of terrestrial ecosystems and applied it at a well-studied Arctic wetland by benchmarking predictions against observed greenhouse gas emissions. We found variation in genome-inferred microbial kinetic traits resulted in large differences in simulated annual methane emissions, quantitatively demonstrating that the genomically observable variations in microbial capacity are consequential for ecosystem functioning. Applying microbial community-aggregated traits via genome relative-abundance-weighting gave better methane emissions predictions (i.e., up to 54% decrease in bias) compared to ignoring the observed abundances, highlighting the value of combined trait inferences and abundances. This work provides an example of integrating microbial functional trait-based genomics, mechanistic and pragmatic trait parameterizations of diverse microbial metabolisms, and mechanistic ecosystem modeling. The generalizable G2E framework will enable the use of abundant microbial metagenomics data to improve predictions of microbial interactions in many complex systems, including oceanic microbiomes.4101 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Cancer Genomics (rcdc)13 Climate Action (sdg)Ecosystem (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Methane (mesh)Wetlands (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Greenhouse Gases (mesh)EMERGE Biology Integration Institute CoordinatorsBacteria (mesh)Methane (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Wetlands (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Greenhouse Gases (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Methane (mesh)Wetlands (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Greenhouse Gases (mesh)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/01270744https://escholarship.org/content/qt01270744/qt01270744.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-025-57386-5articleNature Communications, vol 16, iss 12186oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8zv5m8xs2026-09-17T15:16:11Zqt8zv5m8xsEarly Life Ozone Exposure Results in Dysregulated Innate Immune Function and Altered microRNA Expression in Airway EpitheliumClay, Candice CManiar-Hew, KinjalGerriets, Joan EWang, Theodore TPostlethwait, Edward MEvans, Michael JFontaine, Justin HMiller, Lisa AKalinichenko, Vladimir V2014-03-04Exposure to ozone has been associated with increased incidence of respiratory morbidity in humans; however the mechanism(s) behind the enhancement of susceptibility are unclear. We have previously reported that exposure to episodic ozone during postnatal development results in an attenuated peripheral blood cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that persists with maturity. As the lung is closely interfaced with the external environment, we hypothesized that the conducting airway epithelium of neonates may also be a target of immunomodulation by ozone. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated primary airway epithelial cell cultures derived from juvenile rhesus macaque monkeys with a prior history of episodic postnatal ozone exposure. Innate immune function was measured by expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in primary cultures established following in vivo LPS challenge or, in response to in vitro LPS treatment. Postnatal ozone exposure resulted in significantly attenuated IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in primary cultures from juvenile animals; IL-8 mRNA was also significantly reduced. The effect of antecedent ozone exposure was modulated by in vivo LPS challenge, as primary cultures exhibited enhanced cytokine expression upon secondary in vitro LPS treatment. Assessment of potential IL-6-targeting microRNAs miR-149, miR-202, and miR-410 showed differential expression in primary cultures based upon animal exposure history. Functional assays revealed that miR-149 is capable of binding to the IL-6 3' UTR and decreasing IL-6 protein synthesis in airway epithelial cell lines. Cumulatively, our findings suggest that episodic ozone during early life contributes to the molecular programming of airway epithelium, such that memory from prior exposures is retained in the form of a dysregulated IL-6 and IL-8 response to LPS; differentially expressed microRNAs such as miR-149 may play a role in the persistent modulation of the epithelial innate immune response towards microbes in the mature lung.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3404 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Lung (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)3' Untranslated Regions (mesh)Animals (mesh)AnimalsNewborn (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Epithelial Cells (mesh)Epithelium (mesh)Fluorescent Antibody Technique (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Humans (mesh)ImmunityInnate (mesh)Interleukin-6 (mesh)Interleukin-8 (mesh)Lipopolysaccharides (mesh)Lung (mesh)Macaca mulatta (mesh)Male (mesh)MicroRNAs (mesh)Ozone (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Lung (mesh)Epithelium (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Epithelial Cells (mesh)Animals (mesh)AnimalsNewborn (mesh)Macaca mulatta (mesh)Humans (mesh)Ozone (mesh)Lipopolysaccharides (mesh)MicroRNAs (mesh)3' Untranslated Regions (mesh)Interleukin-8 (mesh)Interleukin-6 (mesh)Fluorescent Antibody Technique (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Male (mesh)ImmunityInnate (mesh)3' Untranslated Regions (mesh)Animals (mesh)AnimalsNewborn (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Epithelial Cells (mesh)Epithelium (mesh)Fluorescent Antibody Technique (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Humans (mesh)ImmunityInnate (mesh)Interleukin-6 (mesh)Interleukin-8 (mesh)Lipopolysaccharides (mesh)Lung (mesh)Macaca mulatta (mesh)Male (mesh)MicroRNAs (mesh)Ozone (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zv5m8xshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8zv5m8xs/qt8zv5m8xs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090401articlePLOS ONE, vol 9, iss 3e90401oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt45n4h12r2026-09-17T15:16:05Zqt45n4h12rAlbedo estimates for land surface models and support for a new paradigm based on foliage nitrogen concentrationHOLLINGER, DYOLLINGER, SVRICHARDSON, ADMEYERS, TPDAIL, DBMARTIN, MESCOTT, NAARKEBAUER, TJBALDOCCHI, DDCLARK, KLCURTIS, PSDAVIS, KJDESAI, ARDRAGONI, DGOULDEN, MLGU, LKATUL, GGPALLARDY, SGU, KT PAWSCHMID, HPSTOY, PCSUYKER, AEVERMA, SB2010-02-01Abstract Vegetation albedo is a critical component of the Earth's climate system, yet efforts to evaluate and improve albedo parameterizations in climate models have lagged relative to other aspects of model development. Here, we calculated growing season albedos for deciduous and evergreen forests, crops, and grasslands based on over 40 site‐years of data from the AmeriFlux network and compared them with estimates presently used in the land surface formulations of a variety of climate models. Generally, the albedo estimates used in land surface models agreed well with this data compilation. However, a variety of models using fixed seasonal estimates of albedo overestimated the growing season albedo of northerly evergreen trees. In contrast, climate models that rely on a common two‐stream albedo submodel provided accurate predictions of boreal needle‐leaf evergreen albedo but overestimated grassland albedos. Inverse analysis showed that parameters of the two‐stream model were highly correlated. Consistent with recent observations based on remotely sensed albedo, the AmeriFlux dataset demonstrated a tight linear relationship between canopy albedo and foliage nitrogen concentration (for forest vegetation: albedo=0.01+0.071%N, r 2 =0.91; forests, grassland, and maize: albedo=0.02+0.067%N, r 2 =0.80). However, this relationship saturated at the higher nitrogen concentrations displayed by soybean foliage. We developed similar relationships between a foliar parameter used in the two‐stream albedo model and foliage nitrogen concentration. These nitrogen‐based relationships can serve as the basis for a new approach to land surface albedo modeling that simplifies albedo estimation while providing a link to other important ecosystem processes.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)15 Life on Land (sdg)albedonitrogenvegetation05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/45n4h12rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt45n4h12r/qt45n4h12r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02028.xarticleGlobal Change Biology, vol 16, iss 2696 - 710oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt71m0s2b02026-09-17T15:16:01Zqt71m0s2b0Shapley Values -- A Cautionary TaleLichtman, Douglas2024-01-01The federal government requires certain music copyright holders to license their work to qualifying streaming services at government-set rates. Those rates are determined in adversarial hearings before an administrative entity called the Copyright Royalty Board (CRB). The CRB for many years made the necessary determinations by, among other things, studying evidence from analogous markets. For the past ten years, however, the CRB has relied in addition on a game-theoretic concept known as the Shapley Value, which was first proposed in 1953 by Nobel Prize winner Lloyd Shapley. Shapley’s algorithm allocates economic surplus in instances where some number of distinct entities jointly produce a shared profit. The approach purports to achieve a “fair” division of that profit as between the relevant parties, accounting for each party’s unique costs and each party’s unique contributions.This new point of emphasis has had jarring impact, with billions of dollars today changing hands under either Shapley-influenced government rates or private-party deals negotiated in their shadow. In this Article, I argue that the experts who convinced the CRB to adopt Shapley analysis got their economics wrong. Shapley analysis, it turns out, does not even purport to reflect baseline market outcomes that a regulator might then beneficially adjust. Nor does it offer any built-in levers by which regulators might quantify market power or measure other market imperfections. Most problematically, Shapley analysis is an unapologetically static framework that neglects both strategic play and long-run incentives—limitations that make it wholly inappropriate for copyright law, a set of rules fundamentally designed to inspire strategic responses and shape long-run decision-making.Shapley valueShapley analysisCRBCopyright Royalty Boardapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/71m0s2b0https://escholarship.org/content/qt71m0s2b0/qt71m0s2b0.pdfarticleHarvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law, vol 15oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt77w3p3jg2026-09-17T15:12:27Zqt77w3p3jgDeep Search for Joint Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-energy Neutrinos with IceCube during the Third Observing Run of LIGO and VirgoAbbasi, RAckermann, MAdams, JAgarwalla, SKAguilar, JAAhlers, MAlameddine, JMAli, SAmin, NMAndeen, KArgüelles, CAshida, YAthanasiadou, SAxani, SNBabu, RBai, XBaines-Holmes, JV., A BalagopalBarwick, SWBash, SBasu, VBay, RBeatty, JJTjus, J BeckerBehrens, PBeise, JBellenghi, CBenkel, SBenZvi, SBerley, DBernardini, EBesson, DZBlaufuss, EBloom, LBlot, SBodo, IBontempo, FMotzkin, JY BookMeneguolo, C BoscoloBöser, SBotner, OBöttcher, JBraun, JBrinson, BBrisson-Tsavoussis, ZBurley, RTButterfield, DCampana, MACarloni, KCarpio, JChattopadhyay, SChau, NChen, ZChirkin, DChoi, SClark, BAColeman, AColeman, PCollin, GHBorja, DA ColomaConnolly, AConrad, JMCountryman, STCowen, DFDe Clercq, CDeLaunay, JJDelgado, DDelmeulle, TDeng, SDesiati, Pde Vries, KDde Wasseige, GDeYoung, TDíaz-Vélez, JCDiKerby, SDing, TDittmer, MDomi, ADraper, LDueser, LDurnford, DDutta, KDuVernois, MAEhrhardt, TEidenschink, LEimer, AEldridge, CEller, PEllinger, EElsässer, DEngel, RErpenbeck, HEsmail, WEulig, SEvans, JEvenson, PAFan, KLFang, KFarrag, KFazely, AR2026-05-20The discovery of joint sources of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves has been a primary target for the LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and IceCube observatories. The joint detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves would provide insight into cosmic processes, from the dynamics of compact object mergers and stellar collapses to the mechanisms driving relativistic outflows. The joint detection of multiple cosmic messengers can also elevate the significance of the common observation even when some or all of the constituent messengers are subthreshold, i.e., not significant enough to declare their detection individually. Using data from the LIGO, Virgo, and IceCube observatories, including subthreshold events, we searched for common sources of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Our search did not identify significant joint sources. We derive constraints on the rate densities of joint sources. Our results constrain the isotropic neutrino emission from gravitational-wave sources for very high values of the total energy emitted in neutrinos (>1052–1054 erg).5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/77w3p3jghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt77w3p3jg/qt77w3p3jg.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ae4e1barticleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 1003, iss 141oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7cd0v24z2026-09-17T15:12:05Zqt7cd0v24zPerformance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb−1 of pp collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbeling, KAbicht, NJAbidi, SHAboulhorma, AAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSBourdarios, C AdamAdamczyk, LAddepalli, SVAddison, MJAdelman, JAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgaras, MNAgarwala, JAggarwal, AAgheorghiesei, CAhmad, AAhmadov, FAhmed, WSAhuja, SAi, XAielli, GAikot, ATamlihat, M AitAitbenchikh, BAizenberg, IAkbiyik, MÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAkiyama, DAkolkar, NNAl Khoury, KAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlbouy, GLAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlfonsi, FAlgren, MAlhroob, MAli, BAli, HMJAli, SAlibocus, SWAliev, MAlimonti, GAlkakhi, WAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, JFFlores, CA AllendesAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CEstevez, M AlvarezFernandez, A AlvarezCardoso, M AlvesAlviggi, MGAly, MCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmelung, CAmerl, MAmes, CGAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmos, KRAnaniev, VAnastopoulos, CAndeen, TAnders, JKAndrean, SYAndreazza, AAngelidakis, SAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntipov, EAntonelli, MAnulli, FAoki, MAoki, TPozo, JA AparisiAparo, MABella, L AperioAppelt, C2024-02-01The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons, often referred to as quark/gluon tagging, plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider, as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced background. This paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration, using TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb collected by the ATLAS experiment. Two taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied: one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet, and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree. A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data, by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet pseudorapidity. Differences in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLASJETQUARKGLUONTAGGING0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cd0v24zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7cd0v24z/qt7cd0v24z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1674-1137/acf701articleChinese Physics C, vol 48, iss 2023001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2s0273qm2026-09-17T15:11:48Zqt2s0273qmArchitecture and Selectivity in Aquaporins: 2.5 Å X-Ray Structure of Aquaporin ZSavage, David FEgea, Pascal FRobles-Colmenares, YanethO'Connell, Joseph DStroud, Robert MSanford Simon2003-12-01Aquaporins are a family of water and small molecule channels found in organisms ranging from bacteria to animals. One of these channels, the E. coli protein aquaporin Z (AqpZ), has been shown to selectively conduct only water at high rates. We have expressed, purified, crystallized, and solved the X-ray structure of AqpZ. The 2.5 A resolution structure of AqpZ suggests aquaporin selectivity results both from a steric mechanism due to pore size and from specific amino acid substitutions that regulate the preference for a hydrophobic or hydrophilic substrate. This structure provides direct evidence on the molecular mechanisms of specificity between water and glycerol in this family of channels from a single species. It is to our knowledge the first atomic resolution structure of a recombinant aquaporin and so provides a platform for combined genetic, mutational, functional, and structural determinations of the mechanisms of aquaporins and, more generally, the assembly of multimeric membrane proteins.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Amino Acid Sequence (mesh)Aquaporins (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Detergents (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Escherichia coli Proteins (mesh)Glycerol (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Membrane Proteins (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Molecular Conformation (mesh)Molecular Sequence Data (mesh)Oxygen (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein StructureSecondary (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Sequence HomologyAmino Acid (mesh)Water (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Oxygen (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Water (mesh)Glycerol (mesh)Aquaporins (mesh)Escherichia coli Proteins (mesh)Membrane Proteins (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Detergents (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Amino Acid Sequence (mesh)Molecular Conformation (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein StructureSecondary (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Sequence HomologyAmino Acid (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Molecular Sequence Data (mesh)Amino Acid Sequence (mesh)Aquaporins (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Detergents (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Escherichia coli Proteins (mesh)Glycerol (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Membrane Proteins (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Molecular Conformation (mesh)Molecular Sequence Data (mesh)Oxygen (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein StructureSecondary (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Sequence HomologyAmino Acid (mesh)Water (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)30 Agriculturalveterinary and food sciences (for-2020)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s0273qmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2s0273qm/qt2s0273qm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0000072articlePLOS Biology, vol 1, iss 3e72oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt31t9r92s2026-09-17T15:11:45Zqt31t9r92sKaZaA and PunishmentLichtman, Douglas2003-09-10This newspaper editorial ran in the Wall Street Journal the day after the music industry filed the first wave of lawsuits against individuals who engaged in illegal file-sharing online. In it, I argue that individual lawsuits are a bad idea on public policy grounds, but are also the natural ramification of court decisions that make it unnecessarily difficult to hold intermediaries like Grokster, Napster, and KaZaA appropriately liable.RIAApeer-to-peerNapsterGrokstervicariouscontributoryapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/31t9r92shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt31t9r92s/qt31t9r92s.pdfarticleWall Street Journal, vol September, iss 10oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3gv3f8nh2026-09-17T15:11:00Zqt3gv3f8nhManaged Relocation: Integrating the Scientific, Regulatory, and Ethical ChallengesSchwartz, Mark WHellmann, Jessica JMcLachlan, Jason MSax, Dov FBorevitz, Justin OBrennan, JeanCamacho, Alejandro ECeballos, GerardoClark, Jamie RDoremus, HollyEarly, ReganEtterson, Julie RFielder, DwightGill, Jacquelyn LGonzalez, PatrickGreen, NancyHannah, LeeJamieson, Dale WJaveline, DebraMinteer, Ben AOdenbaugh, JayPolasky, StephenRichardson, David MRoot, Terry LSafford, Hugh DSala, OsvaldoSchneider, Stephen HThompson, Andrew RWilliams, John WVellend, MarkVitt, PatiZellmer, Sandra2012-08-01Managed relocation is defined as the movement of species, populations, or genotypes to places outside the areas of their historical distributions to maintain biological diversity or ecosystem functioning with changing climate. It has been claimed that a major extinction event is under way and that climate change is increasing its severity. Projections indicating that climate change may drive substantial losses of biodiversity have compelled some scientists to suggest that traditional management strategies are insufficient. The managed relocation of species is a controversial management response to climate change. The published literature has emphasized biological concerns over difficult ethical, legal, and policy issues. Furthermore, ongoing managed relocation actions lack scientific and societal engagement. Our interdisciplinary team considered ethics, law, policy, ecology, and natural resources management in order to identify the key issues of managed relocation relevant for developing sound policies that support decisions for resource management. We recommend that government agencies develop and adopt best practices for managed relocation.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)8.3 Policyethicsand research governance (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)15 Life on Land (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)ethicspolicylawconservationtranslocation05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gv3f8nhinfo:doi/10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.6articleBioScience, vol 62, iss 8732 - 743oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2tb516b22026-09-17T15:10:45Zqt2tb516b2Topological regularization via persistence-sensitive optimizationNigmetov, ArnurKrishnapriyan, AditiSanderson, NicoleMorozov, Dmitriy2024-06-01Optimization, a key tool in machine learning and statistics, relies on regularization to reduce overfitting. Traditional regularization methods control a norm of the solution to ensure its smoothness. Recently, topological methods have emerged as a way to provide a more precise and expressive control over the solution, relying on persistent homology to quantify and reduce its roughness. All such existing techniques back-propagate gradients through the persistence diagram, which is a of the topological features of a function. Their downside is that they provide information only at the critical points of the function. We propose a method that instead builds on persistence-sensitive simplification and translates the required changes to the persistence diagram into changes on large subsets of the domain, including both critical and regular points. This approach enables a faster and more precise topological regularization, the benefits of which we illustrate with experimental evidence.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4607 GraphicsAugmented Reality and Games (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Topological simplificationRegularizationMerge tree0101 Pure Mathematics (for)0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for)0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics (for)Geological & Geomatics Engineering (science-metrix)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tb516b2https://escholarship.org/content/qt2tb516b2/qt2tb516b2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.comgeo.2024.102086articleComputational Geometry, vol 120102086oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4np2x1b62026-09-17T15:07:58Zqt4np2x1b6Learning earthquake ground motions via conditional generative modelingRen, PuNakata, RieLacour, MaximeNaiman, IlanNakata, NoriSong, JialinBi, ZhengfaMalik, Osman AsifMorozov, DmitriyAzencot, OmriErichson, N BenjaminMahoney, Michael W2026-03-16Predicting high-fidelity ground motions for future earthquakes is crucial for seismic hazard assessment and infrastructure resilience. Conventional empirical simulations suffer from sparse sensor distribution and geographically localized earthquake locations, while physics-based methods are computationally intensive and require accurate representations of Earth structures and earthquake sources. We propose an artificial intelligence (AI) spectrogram generator, Conditional Generative Modeling for Ground Motion (CGM-GM). CGM-GM leverages earthquake magnitudes and geographic coordinates of earthquakes and sensors as inputs, when postprocessed with phase information, capturing spatially continuous Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) as well as properties such as P and S arrivals, and waveform durations, without explicit physics constraints. This is achieved through a probabilistic autoencoder that extracts latent distributions in the time-frequency domain and variational sequential models for prior and posterior distributions. We evaluate the performance of CGM-GM using small-magnitude earthquake records from the San Francisco Bay Area, a region with high seismic risks. Here, we report that CGM-GM demonstrates potential for complementing physics-based simulations and non-ergodic empirical ground motion models, as well as shows promise in seismology and beyond.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4005 Civil Engineering (for-2020)46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)3706 Geophysics (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4np2x1b6https://escholarship.org/content/qt4np2x1b6/qt4np2x1b6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-026-70719-2articleNature Communications, vol 17, iss 14021oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9sk893952026-09-17T15:07:45Zqt9sk89395A machine learning pipeline for membrane segmentation of cryo-electron tomogramsZhou, LiYang, ChaoGao, WeiguoPerciano, TalitaDavies, Karen MSauter, Nicholas K2023-01-01We describe how to use several machine learning techniques organized in a learning pipeline to segment and identify cell membrane structures from cryo electron tomograms. These tomograms are difficult to analyze with traditional segmentation tools. The learning pipeline in our approach starts from supervised learning via a special convolutional neural network trained with simulated data. It continues with semi-supervised reinforcement learning and/or a region merging technique that tries to piece together disconnected components belonging to the same membrane structure. A parametric or non-parametric fitting procedure is then used to enhance the segmentation results and quantify uncertainties in the fitting. Domain knowledge is used in generating the training data for the neural network and in guiding the fitting procedure through the use of appropriately chosen priors and constraints. We demonstrate that the approach proposed here works well for extracting membrane surfaces in two real tomogram datasets.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4611 Machine Learning (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Image segmentationMachine learningMembrane structureReinforcement learningGaussian processUncertainty quantification0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics (for)0806 Information Systems (for)4602 Artificial intelligence (for-2020)4606 Distributed computing and systems software (for-2020)4901 Applied mathematics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sk89395https://escholarship.org/content/qt9sk89395/qt9sk89395.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jocs.2022.101904articleJournal of Computational Science, vol 66101904oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2f45g6hj2026-09-17T15:07:23Zqt2f45g6hjStructure preserving parallel algorithms for solving the Bethe–Salpeter eigenvalue problemShao, Meiyueda Jornada, Felipe HYang, ChaoDeslippe, JackLouie, Steven G2016-01-01The Bethe–Salpeter eigenvalue problem is a dense structured eigenvalue problem arising from discretized Bethe–Salpeter equation in the context of computing exciton energies and states. A computational challenge is that at least half of the eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors are desired in practice. We establish the equivalence between Bethe–Salpeter eigenvalue problems and real Hamiltonian eigenvalue problems. Based on theoretical analysis, structure preserving algorithms for a class of Bethe–Salpeter eigenvalue problems are proposed. We also show that for this class of problems all eigenvalues obtained from the Tamm–Dancoff approximation are overestimated. In order to solve large scale problems of practical interest, we discuss parallel implementations of our algorithms targeting distributed memory systems. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our algorithms.4901 Applied Mathematics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)Bethe-Salpeter equationTamm-Dancoff approximationHamiltonian eigenvalue problemsStructure preserving algorithmsParallel algorithmsmath.NAmath.NA01 Mathematical Sciences (for)08 Information and Computing Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Numerical & Computational Mathematics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2f45g6hjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2f45g6hj/qt2f45g6hj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.laa.2015.09.036articleLinear Algebra and its Applications, vol 488148 - 167oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8342b9rv2026-09-17T15:07:18Zqt8342b9rvEfficient Algorithms for Estimating the Absorption Spectrum within Linear Response TDDFTBrabec, JiriLin, LinShao, MeiyueGovind, NiranjanYang, ChaoSaad, YousefNg, Esmond G2015-11-10We present a special symmetric Lanczos algorithm and a kernel polynomial method (KPM) for approximating the absorption spectrum of molecules within the linear response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) framework in the product form. In contrast to existing algorithms, the new algorithms are based on reformulating the original non-Hermitian eigenvalue problem as a product eigenvalue problem and the observation that the product eigenvalue problem is self-adjoint with respect to an appropriately chosen inner product. This allows a simple symmetric Lanczos algorithm to be used to compute the desired absorption spectrum. The use of a symmetric Lanczos algorithm only requires half of the memory compared with the nonsymmetric variant of the Lanczos algorithm. The symmetric Lanczos algorithm is also numerically more stable than the nonsymmetric version. The KPM algorithm is also presented as a low-memory alternative to the Lanczos approach, but the algorithm may require more matrix-vector multiplications in practice. We discuss the pros and cons of these methods in terms of their accuracy as well as their computational and storage cost. Applications to a set of small and medium-sized molecules are also presented.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)0307 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0803 Computer Software (for)Chemical Physics (science-metrix)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and computational chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8342b9rvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8342b9rv/qt8342b9rv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00887articleJournal of Chemical Theory and Computation, vol 11, iss 115197 - 5208oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8v2390992026-09-17T15:07:15Zqt8v239099MGM v. GROKSTER: Brief of Amici Curiae - Kenneth J. Arrow, Ian Ayres, Gary Becker, William M. Landes, Steven Levitt, Douglas Lichtman, Kevin Murphy, Randal Picker, Andrew Rosenfield, and Steven ShavellLichtman, DouglasStrauss, David ARosenfield, Andrew2005-01-01This amicus brief was filed at the Supreme Court prior to the oral argument in MGM v. Grokster. It argues that contributory infringement, vicarious liability, and other forms of indirect liability are entirely proper theories of liability for copyright enforcement, much as similar theories have long been viewed as proper elsewhere in the law. We further argue that copyright law ought not be read to waive off these theories of indirect liability merely because the product at issue is capable of some substantial non-infringing use. Such a rule would give manufacturers no incentive to deter infringement even when deterrence could be accomplished at low cost and without any significant interference with non-infringing uses. That is a needlessly inefficient interpretation of the law and hence should be rejected.GroksterNapstervicarious liabilitycontributory infringementindirect liabilitythird-party liabilitycopyrightpeer-to-peerSonyUniversalsubstantial non-infringing useapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8v239099https://escholarship.org/content/qt8v239099/qt8v239099.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2ds6x41n2026-09-17T15:06:22Zqt2ds6x41nControllable Doping for Tunable and Multimodal Emission in ZnS-Based Mechanoluminescent NanocrystalsWang, ZhongxiangJin, LuNi, HaoyangKim, HwangsunZeng, YushunZhou, QifaChi, MiaofangNam, JinYin, Yadong2025-07-30Scaling mechanoluminescent materials to the nanoscale enhances their potential for biomedical applications due to improved sensitivity, resolution, and biocompatibility. Here, we report a versatile strategy for synthesizing wavelength-tunable mechanoluminescent ZnS nanocrystals doped with Ag+, Cu2+, or Mn2+. The method involves coassembly of ZnS and metal sulfide nanocrystals within silica nanoreactors, followed by high-temperature calcination to induce solid-state doping and phase transformation. The resulting ZnS:Ag+, ZnS:Cu2+, and ZnS:Mn2+ nanocrystals exhibit focused ultrasound-induced mechanoluminescence at 480, 500, and 585 nm, respectively. Notably, ZnS:Ag+ also shows photoluminescence and afterglow upon UV excitation. The luminescence intensity is highly dependent on Ag+ concentration, with 0.15% yielding the optimal emission. These nanocrystals were further applied to stimulate neuronal cells, successfully inducing action potentials. This work highlights a scalable, dopant-tunable approach for fabricating multimodal luminescent nanomaterials with strong potential for noninvasive sono-optogenetic neuromodulation.40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)self-assemblynanoreactormechanoluminescencenanocrystalssono-optogeneticsmechanoluminescencenanocrystalsnanoreactorself-assemblysono-optogeneticsNanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ds6x41ninfo:doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03084articleNano Letters, vol 25, iss 3011747 - 11755oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0t25k0d02026-09-17T15:03:41Zqt0t25k0d0Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN dataCollaboration†, KATRINAker, MaxBatzler, DominicBeglarian, ArmenBehrens, JanBeisenkötter, JustusBiassoni, MatteoBieringer, BenediktBiondi, YaninaBlock, FabianBobien, SteffenBöttcher, MatthiasBornschein, BeateBornschein, LutzCaldwell, Tom SCarminati, MarcoChatrabhuti, AuttakitChilingaryan, SurenDaniel, Byron ADebowski, KarolDescher, MartinBarrero, Deseada DíazDoe, Peter JDragoun, OtokarDrexlin, GuidoEdzards, FrankEitel, KlausEllinger, EnricoEngel, RalphEnomoto, SanshiroFelden, ArneFengler, CarolineFiorini, CarloFormaggio, Joseph AForstner, ChristianFränkle, Florian MGauda, KevinGavin, Andrew SGil, WoosikGlück, FerencGrohmann, SteffenGrössle, RobinGumbsheimer, RainerGutknecht, NathanaelHannen, VolkerHasselmann, LeonardHaußmann, NormanHelbing, KlausHenke, HannaHeyns, SvenjaHickford, StephanieHiller, RomanHillesheimer, DavidHinz, DominicHöhn, ThomasHuber, AntonJansen, AlexanderKarl, ChristianKellerer, JonasKhosonthongkee, KhanchaiKleifges, MatthiasKlein, ManuelKohpeiß, JoshuaKöhler, ChristophKöllenberger, LeonardKopmann, AndreasKovač, NevenKovalík, AlojzKrause, HolgerLa Cascio, LuisaLasserre, ThierryLauer, JoschaLe, Thanh-LongLebeda, OndřejLehnert, BjoernLiLokhov, AlexeyMachatschek, MoritzMark, MartinMarsteller, AlexanderMartin, Eric LMelzer, ChristinMertens, SusanneMohanty, ShailajaMostafa, JalalMüller, KlausNava, AndreaNeumann, HolgerNiemes, SimonOnillon, AnthonyParno, Diana SPavan, MauraPinsook, UdomsilpPoon, Alan WPPoyato, Jose Manuel LopezPozzi, StefanoPriester, FlorianRáliš, JanRamachandran, ShivaniRobertson, RG Hamish2025-04-11That neutrinos carry a nonvanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass holds relevance in fields from particle physics to cosmology. We report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium β-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. On the basis of the first five measurement campaigns, we derived a best-fit value of [Formula: see text] eV2, resulting in an upper limit of mν < 0.45 eV at 90% confidence level. Stemming from 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level, and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)KATRIN Collaboration†NSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t25k0d0https://escholarship.org/content/qt0t25k0d0/qt0t25k0d0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/science.adq9592articleScience, vol 388, iss 6743180 - 185oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1471x88c2026-09-17T15:03:32Zqt1471x88cAtom-at-a-Time Radioactive Molecule Identification: Looking toward Studies of Superheavy ElementsGarcia, FatimaHPore, Jennifer LGates, Jacklyn MCrawford, Heather LDitter, AlexanderFallon, PaulGibson, John KGooding, JohnMcCarthy, MalloryOrford, RodneyShafi, ZiadShuh, David KStoyer, Mark A2025-07-24The chemical behavior of superheavy elements (SHEs, Z > 103) remains poorly understood. Their chemical properties are expected to deviate from established trends, challenging the predictive power of the periodic table. To investigate these elements experimentally, they must first be synthesized through nuclear reactions and then quickly subjected to chemical studies before they decay. Given the low production rates of these reactions and the need for measurements on an atom-at-a-time basis, innovative techniques are needed. To address these challenges, a novel gas-phase chemistry method has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, utilizing the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and FIONA. This technique enables the production, identification, and study of molecular species formed by SHEs. As a proof of concept, we present measurements on the formation and identification of 151,152HoO+ molecules, demonstrating the capability to study the production of radioactive molecules under controlled conditions and directly identify them via their mass-to-charge ratio. These measurements validate the effectiveness of this technique for low-statistics SHE studies, highlighting the potential of this approach to ignite the next generation of experimental SHE chemistry research, offering a path to re-evaluate SHE placement on the periodic table.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)0307 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and computational chemistry (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1471x88chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1471x88c/qt1471x88c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c02098articleThe Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol 129, iss 296703 - 6712oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4v5934fz2026-09-17T15:03:01Zqt4v5934fzRemotely sensed phenological heterogeneity of restored wetlands: linking vegetation structure and functionDronova, IrynaTaddeo, SophieHemes, Kyle SKnox, Sara HValach, AlexOikawa, Patricia YKasak, KunoBaldocchi, Dennis D2021-01-01Seasonal phenological dynamics of vegetation hold important clues on ecosystem performance towards management goals, such as carbon uptake, and thus should be considered in projections of their targeted services. However, in wetlands spatio-temporal heterogeneity due to mixing of open water, soil, green and dead vegetation makes it difficult to generalize ecosystem functioning across different regions. Remote sensing observations can provide spatially-explicit, cost-effective phenology indicators; however, little is known about their capacity to indicate the links between wetland ecosystem structure and function. Here we assessed this potential by comparing one-year Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from satellite products at high (5m; RapidEye) and low (30m; Landsat) spatial resolutions with eddy covariance time series of net carbon exchange, field digital camera (phenocam) greenness and water temperature among three floristically similar restored wetlands in California, USA. Phenological timing differed by wetland site: depending on satellite, the range in site-median start of greening was up to 28 days, end of greening – up to 73 days, start of senescence – up to 79 days, and end of senescence – up to 10 days. Key transition dates from satellite inputs agreed with seasonal changes in net carbon exchange, phenocam greenness and water temperatures, suggesting that phenological contrasts could result in part from site differences in vegetation configuration and litter affecting the exposure of canopy, soil and water to sunlight and thus sub-canopy microclimate and ecosystem functioning. Yet, the agreement between satellite inputs was non-systematic, with the greatest disparities at the more heterogeneous, less vegetated site. Phenological model fitting uncertainty increased with greater spatial resolution, highlighting the tradeoff between the accuracy of representing vegetation and the complexity of local seasonal variation. These findings highlight the sensitivity of satellite-derived phenology to structural and functional heterogeneity of ecosystems and call for more rigorous spatially-explicit analyses to inform assessments of restoration and management outcomes.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Phenologywetlandeddy covarianceheterogeneityflux footprintremote sensingphenologywetlandeddy covarianceheterogeneityflux footprintremote sensing04 Earth Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)30 Agriculturalveterinary and food sciences (for-2020)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v5934fzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4v5934fz/qt4v5934fz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108215articleAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol 296108215oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt80x495z82026-09-17T15:02:34Zqt80x495z8Cooperative Brønsted-Lewis acid sites created by phosphotungstic acid encapsulated metal–organic frameworks for selective glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfuralRahaman, Mohammad ShahinurTulaphol, SarttrawutHossain, AnwarJasinski, Jacek BSun, NingGeorge, AntheSimmons, Blake AMaihom, ThanaCrocker, MarkSathitsuksanoh, Noppadon2022-02-01Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from biomass-derived glucose has great potential for synthesis of renewable fuels and chemicals. Selective glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural requires a balance between Lewis and Brønsted acids for the cascade of glucose isomerization followed by fructose dehydration. A dual Brønsted-Lewis acid, phosphotungstic acid encapsulated MIL-101(Al)–NH2 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) was developed to catalyze the glucose dehydration reaction. The encapsulated catalysts had a high HMF selectivity of 58% at 44% glucose conversion at 120 °C in [C4C1im]Cl. Phosphotungstic acid was uniformly dispersed in the MOF pores, which provided both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites for this cascade reaction. The Brønsted acidic phosphotungstic acid-encapsulated MOF catalyst was stable and recyclable at least four times. These findings explain the effect of phosphotungstic acid location for maximizing the HMF selectivity and suggest a new approach for the design of bifunctional solid acid catalysts for selective HMF production from glucose. Moreover, the tunability of the acid properties of the encapsulated MOF catalysts provides opportunities for other biomass transformations.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)4019 Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4012 Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Metal-organic frameworksPhosphotungstic acidEncapsulationGlucose dehydrationHydroxymethylfurfuralCooperative0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)0904 Chemical Engineering (for)0913 Mechanical Engineering (for)Energy (science-metrix)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)4012 Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering (for-2020)4019 Resources engineering and extractive metallurgy (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/80x495z8https://escholarship.org/content/qt80x495z8/qt80x495z8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122459articleFuel, vol 310122459oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0qh8k3562026-09-17T15:02:30Zqt0qh8k356A predictive toolset for the identification of effective lignocellulosic pretreatment solvents: a case study of solvents tailored for lignin extractionAchinivu, Ezinne CMohan, MoodChoudhary, HemantDas, LalitenduHuang, KaixuanMagurudeniya, Harsha DPidatala, Venkataramana RGeorge, AntheSimmons, Blake AGladden, John M2021-09-20Systematic approach for predicting lignin extraction and studying mechanistic effects using computational chemistry and experimental correlations.
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is essential for efficient conversion into biofuels and bioproducts. The present study develops a predictive toolset to computationally identify solvents that can efficiently dissolve lignin and therefore can be used to extract it from lignocellulose during pretreatment, a process known to reduce recalcitrance to enzymatic deconstruction and increase conversion efficiency. Two approaches were taken to examine the potential of eleven organic solvents to solubilize lignin, Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) and activity coefficients and excess enthalpies of solvent/lignin mixtures predicted by COSMO-RS (COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents). The screening revealed that diethylenetriamine was the most effective solvent, promoting the highest lignin removal (79.2%) and fermentable sugar yields (>72%). Therefore, a COSMO-RS-based predictive model for the lignin removal as a function of number and type of amines was developed. Among the fitted models, the non-linear regression model predicts the lignin solubility more accurately than the linear model. Experimental results demonstrated a >65% lignin removal and >70% of sugar yield from several amine-based solvents tested, which aligned very well with the model's prediction. Finally, to help understand the dissolution mechanism of lignin by these solvents, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and quantum chemical calculations (interaction energies and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis) was performed and suggest that amines exhibit strong electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding strengths with lignin leading to higher lignin removal. Together, these computational tools provide an effective approach for rapidly identifying solvents that are tailored for effective biomass pretreatment.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)03 Chemical Sciences (for)Organic Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qh8k356https://escholarship.org/content/qt0qh8k356/qt0qh8k356.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d1gc01186carticleGreen Chemistry, vol 23, iss 187269 - 7289oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4m52q5pg2026-09-17T15:02:26Zqt4m52q5pgIntegration of acetic acid catalysis with one-pot protic ionic liquid configuration to achieve high-efficient biorefinery of poplar biomassHuang, KaixuanMohan, MoodGeorge, AntheSimmons, Blake AXu, YongGladden, John M2021-08-16An integrated acetic acid based one-pot protic ionic liquid pretreatment and saccharification enables the near full conversion of poplar polysaccharides.
Recyclable biocatalysts and high-efficiency lignocellulose deconstruction are the crucial factors for cost-effective conversion of biomass into biofuels and bioproducts. Acetic acid-based catalytic hydrolysis of grassy lignocellulosic biomass presents a promising application because of its effectivity, recyclability, and other environmentally friendly features. However, this treatment is not as effective on woody biomass, such as poplar. One way to improve conversion performance of this process is to integrate it with other effective processes, such as pretreating biomass with protic ionic liquids (PILs) that have been shown to effectively solubilize lignin in reducing the recalcitrance of biomass to enzymatic deconstruction. In this work, an integrated acetic acid based one-pot ethanolamine acetate pretreatment (HAc–[EOA][OAc]) was developed for the efficient depolymerization of poplar polysaccharides. The configuration simultaneously removed ∼88% hemicellulose and selectively extracted up to ∼46% of the lignin from lignocellulosic biomass. HAc–[EOA][OAc] pretreated poplar yielded over 80% enzyme-hydrolyzed glucose that was attributed to an increase in the accessible surface area of cellulose to the hydrolytic enzymes. Analysis of the cellulose crystallinity and thermal decomposition profiles revealed that all pretreated samples have a higher cellulose crystallinity, indicating that amorphous cellulose had been removed during pretreatment. Conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) and Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) were used to provide insights into the mechanism of biomass pretreatment efficacy using both HAc and [EOA][OAc]. We found that a strong hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic misfit interaction between hemicellulose and HAc may explain the higher removal of hemicellulose during HAc pretreatment. Further, the close HSP values and COSMO-RS analysis indicate that [EOA][OAc] is a good lignin solvent, which leads to the higher delignification of biomass. This study demonstrates that the integration of IL with acid pretreatment is a promising strategy for conducting effective pretreatment on woody lignocellulose.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)03 Chemical Sciences (for)Organic Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4m52q5pghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4m52q5pg/qt4m52q5pg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d1gc01727farticleGreen Chemistry, vol 23, iss 166036 - 6049oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4tc7k8z02026-09-17T15:02:23Zqt4tc7k8z0Towards understanding of delignification of grassy and woody biomass in cholinium-based ionic liquidsMohan, MoodChoudhary, HemantGeorge, AntheSimmons, Blake ASale, KennethGladden, John M2021-08-16Herein we report the dissolution mechanism of lignin in cholinium-based ionic liquids by molecular dynamics simulations. Multiple hydrogen bonds, longer HB lifetimes, and higher p K a of [Ch][Lys] makes it a better solvent for lignin than acidic ILs.
The molecular level details of dissolution of lignin in certain ionic liquids (ILs), such as cholinium-based ILs, are a relatively underexplored area and several key details to comprehend the dissolution mechanism are yet to be discovered. To understand, answer, and connect the missing links in the delignification mechanism during biomass pretreatment using cholinium-based ILs we employ COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate the interactions between lignin-like model compounds and the anion and cation of several cholinium-based ILs. Initially, lignin dissolution was studied for cholinium-based ILs containing five different carboxylate anions ([For], [Ace], [But], [Hex], and [Oct]) and were compared with lysinate as the anion. The microscopic properties such as interaction energies, activity coefficient, radial and spatial distribution functions (RDF/SDF), and hydrogen bonds and their dynamics were assessed to characterize lignin dissolution in these ILs and were validated with experimental data. Among the anions studied, both octanoate and lysinate containing ILs demonstrated better lignin dissolution; lysinate being the best. The simulation data suggested that [Ch][Lys] has higher affinity for ether linkages of lignin ( e.g. , β-O-4) than for C–C linkages, which explains the higher delignification of hardwood and grassy biomasses (60–80% C–O–C linkages) in [Ch][Lys].34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)03 Chemical Sciences (for)Organic Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tc7k8z0https://escholarship.org/content/qt4tc7k8z0/qt4tc7k8z0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d1gc01622aarticleGreen Chemistry, vol 23, iss 166020 - 6035oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20z9j5zz2026-09-17T15:02:19Zqt20z9j5zzUse of ensiled biomass sorghum increases ionic liquid pretreatment efficiency and reduces biofuel production cost and carbon footprintMagurudeniya, Harsha DBaral, Nawa RajRodriguez, AlbertoScown, Corinne DDahlberg, JeffPutnam, DanielGeorge, AntheSimmons, Blake AGladden, John M2021-04-26The use of ensiled biomass sorghum enables implementation of relatively mild pretreatment conditions compared to non-ensiled sorghum and results in higher sugar yields, which reduces the biofuel production cost and associated carbon footprint.
Pretreatment is an essential step to enable the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and bioproducts. The most effective pretreatment methods currently in use are based on severe thermochemical approaches, which are costly and energy-intensive. Here we explored whether the common practice of ensiling grassy biomass, such as sorghum, could be used as a pre-processing step to increase the conversion efficiency under milder pretreatment conditions. We determined the impact of replacing dry sorghum biomass with ensiled sorghum biomass on the deconstruction efficiency, process economics, and carbon footprint of a lignocellulosic biorefinery that employs a separation-free ionic liquid pretreatment coupled to enzymatic saccharification and microbial conversion. Our results indicate that the use of ensiled biomass allowed for a 50% reduction in both the amount of ionic liquid (from 5 to 2.5% (w/w) as measured by initial pretreatment loading) and the time required for enzymatic saccharification (from 72 h to 24 h) without sacrificing efficiency. We show that the resulting hydrolysate can be used to cultivate an engineered strain of Rhodosporidium toruloides to convert >90% of the monomeric sugars into bisabolene, a promising intermediate to biofuels and bioproducts. Overall, we estimate that the replacement of field-dried biomass sorghum with ensiled sorghum in combination with an ionic liquid-based deconstruction process could reduce the minimum selling price and carbon footprint of biofuel production in a biorefinery by at least 13% and 8.2%, respectively. 34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)12 Responsible Consumption and Production (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)03 Chemical Sciences (for)Organic Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20z9j5zzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt20z9j5zz/qt20z9j5zz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d0gc03260carticleGreen Chemistry, vol 23, iss 83127 - 3140oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt83w5k2072026-09-17T15:02:14Zqt83w5k207Can Multiple Ions in an Ionic Liquid Improve the Biomass Pretreatment Efficacy?Yao, AlexanderChoudhary, HemantMohan, MoodRodriguez, AlbertoMagurudeniya, HarshaPelton, Jeffrey GGeorge, AntheSimmons, Blake AGladden, John M2021-03-29Over the last few decades, efforts to transition the global production of fuels and chemicals toward renewable carbon feedstocks have accelerated. A large portion of these efforts have focused on valorization of one of the most abundant renewable carbon sources, lignocellulose. Pretreatment of lignocellulose is the first critical step in this process. In this study, novel ionic liquid (IL) systems consisting of multiple ions known to be effective at biomass pretreatment were tested on woody and grassy biomass. Molecular simulations and experimental results established the synergistic advantages of combining specific individual components in these systems. For pine (woody) biomass, pretreatment with the combination of imidazolium, cholinium, acetate, and lysinate ions achieved 80% glucose and 70% xylose yields at high biomass loading. For sorghum biomass, an IL system comprising cholinium, lysinate, and palmitate ions not only enabled a 98% glucose yield but was also found to be biocompatible in a one-pot configuration, producing the biofuel precursor bisabolene using an engineered strain of the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)3401 Analytical Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)Lignocellulosic biomassPretreatmentOne-potDouble salt ionic liquidsRhodosporidium toruloidesPineSorghumBiofuelBisabolene0301 Analytical Chemistry (for)0502 Environmental Science and Management (for)0904 Chemical Engineering (for)3401 Analytical chemistry (for-2020)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/83w5k207https://escholarship.org/content/qt83w5k207/qt83w5k207.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c09330articleACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol 9, iss 124371 - 4376oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3x01b5n42026-09-17T15:02:10Zqt3x01b5n4Conversion of poplar biomass into high-energy density tricyclic sesquiterpene jet fuel blendstocksGeiselman, Gina MKirby, JamesLandera, AlexanderOtoupal, PeterPapa, GabriellaBarcelos, CarolinaSundstrom, Eric RDas, LalitenduMagurudeniya, Harsha DWehrs, MarenRodriguez, AlbertoSimmons, Blake AMagnuson, Jon KMukhopadhyay, AindrilaLee, Taek SoonGeorge, AntheGladden, John M2020-12-01BackgroundIn an effort to ensure future energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create domestic jobs, the US has invested in technologies to develop sustainable biofuels and bioproducts from renewable carbon sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-derived jet fuel is of particular interest as aviation is less amenable to electrification compared to other modes of transportation and synthetic biology provides the ability to tailor fuel properties to enhance performance. Specific energy and energy density are important properties in determining the attractiveness of potential bio-derived jet fuels. For example, increased energy content can give the industry options such as longer range, higher load or reduced takeoff weight. Energy-dense sesquiterpenes have been identified as potential next-generation jet fuels that can be renewably produced from lignocellulosic biomass.ResultsWe developed a biomass deconstruction and conversion process that enabled the production of two tricyclic sesquiterpenes, epi-isozizaene and prespatane, from the woody biomass poplar using the versatile basidiomycete Rhodosporidium toruloides. We demonstrated terpene production at both bench and bioreactor scales, with prespatane titers reaching 1173.6 mg/L when grown in poplar hydrolysate in a 2 L bioreactor. Additionally, we examined the theoretical fuel properties of prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states as blending options for jet fuel, and compared them to aviation fuel, Jet A.ConclusionOur findings indicate that prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states would be attractive blending options in Jet A or other lower density renewable jet fuels as they would improve viscosity and increase their energy density. Saturated epi-isozizaene and saturated prespatane have energy densities that are 16.6 and 18.8% higher than Jet A, respectively. These results highlight the potential of R. toruloides as a production host for the sustainable and scalable production of bio-derived jet fuel blends, and this is the first report of prespatane as an alternative jet fuel.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)12 Responsible Consumption and Production (sdg)Biofuels (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Bioreactors (mesh)Biosynthetic Pathways (mesh)Biotechnology (mesh)DNAFungal (mesh)Hydrocarbons (mesh)Industrial Microbiology (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Microbial Viability (mesh)Populus (mesh)Rhodotorula (mesh)Sesquiterpenes (mesh)Terpenes (mesh)Rhodotorula toruloidesJet fuelHigh densityBiofuelPrespataneEpi-isozizaenePretreatment and saccharificationPoplarRhodotorula (mesh)Populus (mesh)Hydrocarbons (mesh)Terpenes (mesh)Sesquiterpenes (mesh)Lignin (mesh)DNAFungal (mesh)Bioreactors (mesh)Industrial Microbiology (mesh)Biotechnology (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Microbial Viability (mesh)Biosynthetic Pathways (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)BiofuelEpi-isozizaeneHigh densityJet fuelPoplarPrespatanePretreatment and saccharificationRhodotorula toruloidesBiofuels (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Bioreactors (mesh)Biosynthetic Pathways (mesh)Biotechnology (mesh)DNAFungal (mesh)Hydrocarbons (mesh)Industrial Microbiology (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Microbial Viability (mesh)Populus (mesh)Rhodotorula (mesh)Sesquiterpenes (mesh)Terpenes (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)1003 Industrial Biotechnology (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x01b5n4https://escholarship.org/content/qt3x01b5n4/qt3x01b5n4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s12934-020-01456-4articleMicrobial Cell Factories, vol 19, iss 1208oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8519r2fx2026-09-17T15:02:06Zqt8519r2fxShort-chain ketone production by engineered polyketide synthases in Streptomyces albusYuzawa, SatoshiMirsiaghi, MonaJocic, ReneeFujii, TatsuyaMasson, FabriceBenites, Veronica TBaidoo, Edward EKSundstrom, EricTanjore, DeeptiPray, Todd RGeorge, AntheDavis, Ryan WGladden, John MSimmons, Blake AKatz, LeonardKeasling, Jay D2018-11-01Microbial production of fuels and commodity chemicals has been performed primarily using natural or slightly modified enzymes, which inherently limits the types of molecules that can be produced. Type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multi-domain enzymes that can produce unique and diverse molecular structures by combining particular types of catalytic domains in a specific order. This catalytic mechanism offers a wealth of engineering opportunities. Here we report engineered microbes that produce various short-chain (C5–C7) ketones using hybrid PKSs. Introduction of the genes into the chromosome of Streptomyces albus enables it to produce >1 g · l−1 of C6 and C7 ethyl ketones and several hundred mg · l−1 of C5 and C6 methyl ketones from plant biomass hydrolysates. Engine tests indicate these short-chain ketones can be added to gasoline as oxygenates to increase the octane of gasoline. Together, it demonstrates the efficient and renewable microbial production of biogasolines by hybrid enzymes.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Ketones (mesh)Polyketide Synthases (mesh)Streptomyces (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Streptomyces (mesh)Ketones (mesh)Polyketide Synthases (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Ketones (mesh)Polyketide Synthases (mesh)Streptomyces (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8519r2fxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8519r2fx/qt8519r2fx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-018-07040-0articleNature Communications, vol 9, iss 14569oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8kz635fr2026-09-17T15:02:01Zqt8kz635frElucidating transfer hydrogenation mechanisms in non-catalytic lignin depolymerizationBouxin, Florent PStrub, HenriDutta, TanmoyAguilhon, JulieMorgan, Trevor JMingardon, FlorenceKonda, MurthySingh, SeemaSimmons, BlakeGeorge, Anthe2018-01-01 A good understanding of the mechanisms for non-catalytic depolymerization of lignin via transfer hydrogenation is essential in order to achieve process optimization.
Lignin undergoes catalytic depolymerization in the presence of a variety of transfer hydrogenation agents, however the mechanisms for non-catalytic depolymerization of lignin via transfer hydrogenation are not well understood; this makes process optimization difficult. Herein, for the first time a mechanism for this process is proposed. For the purposes of understanding the mechanisms involved in these non-catalytic lignin depolymerization processes, this study investigates the equilibrium system of formic acid, methyl formate and carbon monoxide, as agents for the depolymerization of lignin, in the presence of either water or methanol as solvents. In the methyl formate/water (at 300 °C) system, 73 wt% oil was produced which contained a significant amount of low molecular weight alkylphenols, with less than 1 wt% char produced. In aqueous media, the results showed that methyl formate maintains an equilibrium with formic acid which is itself in equilibrium with carbon monoxide. It was found that using either formic acid or methyl formate for non-catalytic transfer hydrogenation of lignin can produce high amounts of oil, and can be described as a two-stage mechanism. After 10 min of reaction at 300 °C, around a quarter of the formic acid is consumed via hydride transfer of the formate proton, preventing the condensation of lignin fragments. At the same time, approximately three quarters of the formic acid decomposes to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Once the formic acid is consumed, the carbon monoxide was identified as the precursor to a reactive reductive reagent and was able to activate the proton of the water molecule preventing further condensation of the lignin fragments. It has been previously thought that transfer hydrogenation in lignin using formic acid occurs via the production of molecular hydrogen. Here it is demonstrated that formic acid reacts directly with the lignin, without this hydrogen formation. Therefore the key parameters for efficient transfer hydrogenation of the lignin to maximize bio-oil yield appear to involve controlling the reactions between lignin and formic acid, methyl formate or carbon monoxide under aqueous conditions, thereby reducing the reagent cost and loading while maintaining efficient lignin conversion. 34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)03 Chemical Sciences (for)Organic Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kz635frhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8kz635fr/qt8kz635fr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/c7gc03239karticleGreen Chemistry, vol 20, iss 153566 - 3580oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8kr8n8pk2026-09-17T15:01:58Zqt8kr8n8pkBioCompoundML: A General Biofuel Property Screening Tool for Biological Molecules Using Random Forest ClassifiersWhitmore, Leanne SDavis, Ryan WMcCormick, Robert LGladden, John MSimmons, Blake AGeorge, AntheHudson, Corey M2016-10-20Screening a large number of biologically derived molecules for potential fuel compounds without recourse to experimental testing is important in identifying understudied yet valuable molecules. Experimental testing, although a valuable standard for measuring fuel properties, has several major limitations, including the requirement of testably high quantities, considerable expense, and a large amount of time. This paper discusses the development of a general-purpose fuel property tool, using machine learning, whose outcome is to screen molecules for desirable fuel properties. BioCompoundML adopts a general methodology, requiring as input only a list of training compounds (with identifiers and measured values) and a list of testing compounds (with identifiers). For the training data, BioCompoundML collects open data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, incorporates user-provided features, imputes missing values, performs feature reduction, builds a classifier, and clusters compounds. BioCompoundML then collects data for the testing compounds, predicts class membership, and determines whether compounds are found in the range of variability of the training data set. This tool is demonstrated using three different fuel properties: research octane number (RON), threshold soot index (TSI), and melting point (MP). We provide measures of its success with these properties using randomized train/test measurements: average accuracy is 88% in RON, 85% in TSI, and 94% in MP; average precision is 88% in RON, 88% in TSI, and 95% in MP; and average recall is 88% in RON, 82% in TSI, and 97% in MP. The receiver operator characteristics (area under the curve) were estimated at 0.88 in RON, 0.86 in TSI, and 0.87 in MP. We also measured the success of BioCompoundML by sending 16 compounds for direct RON determination. Finally, we provide a screen of 1977 hydrocarbons/oxygenates within the 8696 compounds in MetaCyc, identifying compounds with high predictive strength for high or low RON.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4019 Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy (for-2020)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)0904 Chemical Engineering (for)0914 Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy (for)Energy (science-metrix)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)4019 Resources engineering and extractive metallurgy (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kr8n8pkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8kr8n8pk/qt8kr8n8pk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01952articleEnergy & Fuels, vol 30, iss 108410 - 8418oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4n37d9r62026-09-17T15:01:54Zqt4n37d9r6Structure and mechanism of NOV1, a resveratrol-cleaving dioxygenaseMcAndrew, Ryan PSathitsuksanoh, NoppadonMbughuni, Michael MHeins, Richard APereira, Jose HGeorge, AntheSale, Kenneth LFox, Brian GSimmons, Blake AAdams, Paul D2016-12-13Stilbenes are diphenyl ethene compounds produced naturally in a wide variety of plant species and some bacteria. Stilbenes are also derived from lignin during kraft pulping. Stilbene cleavage oxygenases (SCOs) cleave the central double bond of stilbenes, forming two phenolic aldehydes. Here, we report the structure of an SCO. The X-ray structure of NOV1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans was determined in complex with its substrate resveratrol (1.89 Å), its product vanillin (1.75 Å), and without any bound ligand (1.61 Å). The enzyme is a seven-bladed β-propeller with an iron cofactor coordinated by four histidines. In all three structures, dioxygen is observed bound to the iron in a side-on fashion. These structures, along with EPR analysis, allow us to propose a mechanism in which a ferric-superoxide reacts with substrate activated by deprotonation of a phenol group at position 4 of the substrate, which allows movement of electron density toward the central double bond and thus facilitates reaction with the ferric superoxide electrophile. Correspondingly, NOV1 cleaves a wide range of other stilbene-like compounds with a 4'-OH group, offering potential in processing some solubilized fragments of lignin into monomer aromatic compounds.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Complementary and Integrative Health (rcdc)Dietary Supplements (rcdc)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Dioxygenases (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Resveratrol (mesh)Sphingomonadaceae (mesh)Stilbenes (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)stilbenedioxygenasestructurecarotenoidSphingomonadaceae (mesh)Stilbenes (mesh)Dioxygenases (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Resveratrol (mesh)carotenoiddioxygenasestilbenestructureBacterial Proteins (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Dioxygenases (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Resveratrol (mesh)Sphingomonadaceae (mesh)Stilbenes (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n37d9r6info:doi/10.1073/pnas.1608917113articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 113, iss 5014324 - 14329oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5mw3d9jx2026-09-17T15:01:50Zqt5mw3d9jxFast Pyrolysis of Tropical Biomass Species and Influence of Water Pretreatment on Product DistributionsMorgan, Trevor JamesTurn, Scott QSun, NingGeorge, AntheGupta, Vijai2016-03-15The fast pyrolysis behaviour of pretreated banagrass was examined at four temperatures (between 400 and 600 C) and four residence times (between ~1.2 and 12 s). The pretreatment used water washing/leaching to reduce the inorganic content of the banagrass. Yields of bio-oil, permanent gases and char were determined at each reaction condition and compared to previously published results from untreated banagrass. Comparing the bio-oil yields from the untreated and pretreated banagrass shows that the yields were greater from the pretreated banagrass by 4 to 11 wt% (absolute) at all reaction conditions. The effect of pretreatment (i.e. reducing the amount of ash, and alkali and alkali earth metals) on pyrolysis products is: 1) to increase the dry bio-oil yield, 2) to decrease the amount of undetected material, 3) to produce a slight increase in CO yield or no change, 4) to slightly decrease CO2 yield or no change, and 5) to produce a more stable bio-oil (less aging). Char yield and total gas yield were unaffected by feedstock pretreatment. Four other tropical biomass species were also pyrolyzed under one condition (450°C and 1.4 s residence time) for comparison to the banagrass results. The samples include two hardwoods: leucaena and eucalyptus, and two grasses: sugarcane bagasse and energy-cane. A sample of pretreated energy-cane was also pyrolyzed. Of the materials tested, the best feedstocks for fast pyrolysis were sugarcane bagasse, pretreated energy cane and eucalyptus based on the yields of 'dry bio-oil', CO and CO2. On the same basis, the least productive feedstocks are untreated banagrass followed by pretreated banagrass and leucaena.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Biofuels (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Eucalyptus (mesh)Poaceae (mesh)Saccharum (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Eucalyptus (mesh)Poaceae (mesh)Saccharum (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Eucalyptus (mesh)Poaceae (mesh)Saccharum (mesh)Temperature (mesh)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mw3d9jxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5mw3d9jx/qt5mw3d9jx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151368articlePLOS ONE, vol 11, iss 3e0151368oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0sq8m3vz2026-09-17T15:00:51Zqt0sq8m3vzThe Case Against YouTubeLichtman, Douglas2007-03-20This editorial was published in the Los Angeles Times on March 20, 2007. In it, I explain the reasons why I joined Viacom to that week file suit against YouTube.ViacomYouTubecopyrightDMCAapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sq8m3vzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0sq8m3vz/qt0sq8m3vz.pdfarticleLos Angeles Timesoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt43s1v5xx2026-09-17T14:59:09Zqt43s1v5xxExpression of a bacterial 3‐dehydroshikimate dehydratase reduces lignin content and improves biomass saccharification efficiencyEudes, AymerickSathitsuksanoh, NoppadonBaidoo, Edward EKGeorge, AntheLiang, YanYang, FanSingh, SeemaKeasling, Jay DSimmons, Blake ALoqué, Dominique2015-12-01Lignin confers recalcitrance to plant biomass used as feedstocks in agro-processing industries or as source of renewable sugars for the production of bioproducts. The metabolic steps for the synthesis of lignin building blocks belong to the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways. Genetic engineering efforts to reduce lignin content typically employ gene knockout or gene silencing techniques to constitutively repress one of these metabolic pathways. Recently, new strategies have emerged offering better spatiotemporal control of lignin deposition, including the expression of enzymes that interfere with the normal process for cell wall lignification. In this study, we report that expression of a 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB from Corynebacterium glutamicum) reduces lignin deposition in Arabidopsis cell walls. QsuB was targeted to the plastids to convert 3-dehydroshikimate - an intermediate of the shikimate pathway - into protocatechuate. Compared to wild-type plants, lines expressing QsuB contain higher amounts of protocatechuate, p-coumarate, p-coumaraldehyde and p-coumaryl alcohol, and lower amounts of coniferaldehyde, coniferyl alcohol, sinapaldehyde and sinapyl alcohol. 2D-NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyro-GC/MS) reveal an increase of p-hydroxyphenyl units and a reduction of guaiacyl units in the lignin of QsuB lines. Size-exclusion chromatography indicates a lower degree of lignin polymerization in the transgenic lines. Therefore, our data show that the expression of QsuB primarily affects the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Finally, biomass from these lines exhibits more than a twofold improvement in saccharification efficiency. We conclude that the expression of QsuB in plants, in combination with specific promoters, is a promising gain-of-function strategy for spatiotemporal reduction of lignin in plant biomass.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)AlcoholismAlcohol Use and Health (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Arabidopsis (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Cell Wall (mesh)Corynebacterium glutamicum (mesh)Genetic Engineering (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)cell wallligninQsuBsaccharificationlignin polymerization degreebioenergyCell Wall (mesh)Corynebacterium glutamicum (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Genetic Engineering (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)QsuBbioenergycell wallligninlignin polymerization degreesaccharificationArabidopsis (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Cell Wall (mesh)Corynebacterium glutamicum (mesh)Genetic Engineering (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/43s1v5xxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt43s1v5xx/qt43s1v5xx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/pbi.12310articlePlant Biotechnology Journal, vol 13, iss 91241 - 1250oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3hz3p6vb2026-09-17T14:59:04Zqt3hz3p6vbBiosynthesis and incorporation of side‐chain‐truncated lignin monomers to reduce lignin polymerization and enhance saccharificationEudes, AymerickGeorge, AntheMukerjee, PurbaKim, Jin SPollet, BrigitteBenke, Peter IYang, FanMitra, PrajaktaSun, LanÇetinkol, Özgül PChabout, SalemMouille, GrégorySoubigou‐Taconnat, LudivineBalzergue, SandrineSingh, SeemaHolmes, Bradley MMukhopadhyay, AindrilaKeasling, Jay DSimmons, Blake ALapierre, CatherineRalph, JohnLoqué, Dominique2012-06-01Lignocellulosic biomass is utilized as a renewable feedstock in various agro-industrial activities. Lignin is an aromatic, hydrophobic and mildly branched polymer integrally associated with polysaccharides within the biomass, which negatively affects their extraction and hydrolysis during industrial processing. Engineering the monomer composition of lignins offers an attractive option towards new lignins with reduced recalcitrance. The presented work describes a new strategy developed in Arabidopsis for the overproduction of rare lignin monomers to reduce lignin polymerization degree (DP). Biosynthesis of these 'DP reducers' is achieved by expressing a bacterial hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase (HCHL) in lignifying tissues of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems. HCHL cleaves the propanoid side-chain of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA lignin precursors to produce the corresponding hydroxybenzaldehydes so that plant stems expressing HCHL accumulate in their cell wall higher amounts of hydroxybenzaldehyde and hydroxybenzoate derivatives. Engineered plants with intermediate HCHL activity levels show no reduction in total lignin, sugar content or biomass yield compared with wild-type plants. However, cell wall characterization of extract-free stems by thioacidolysis and by 2D-NMR revealed an increased amount of unusual C₆C₁ lignin monomers most likely linked with lignin as end-groups. Moreover the analysis of lignin isolated from these plants using size-exclusion chromatography revealed a reduced molecular weight. Furthermore, these engineered lines show saccharification improvement of pretreated stem cell walls. Therefore, we conclude that enhancing the biosynthesis and incorporation of C₆C₁ monomers ('DP reducers') into lignin polymers represents a promising strategy to reduce lignin DP and to decrease cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Arabidopsis (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Cell Wall (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Plant Stems (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Polymerization (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)TransformationGenetic (mesh)cell wallligninhydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyasesaccharificationpolymerization degreebioenergyCell Wall (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Plant Stems (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)TransformationGenetic (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Polymerization (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Cell Wall (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Plant Stems (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Polymerization (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)TransformationGenetic (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hz3p6vbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3hz3p6vb/qt3hz3p6vb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00692.xarticlePlant Biotechnology Journal, vol 10, iss 5609 - 620oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7fg4d21k2026-09-17T14:59:00Zqt7fg4d21kStructural and Chemical Characterization of Hardwood from Tree Species with Applications as Bioenergy FeedstocksÇetinkol, Özgül PersilSmith-Moritz, Andreia MCheng, GangLao, JeemengGeorge, AntheHong, KunlunHenry, RobertSimmons, Blake AHeazlewood, Joshua LHolmes, Bradley MZabotina, Olga A2012-01-01Eucalypt species are a group of flowering trees widely used in pulp production for paper manufacture. For several decades, the wood pulp industry has focused research and development efforts on improving yields, growth rates and pulp quality through breeding and the genetic improvement of key tree species. Recently, this focus has shifted from the production of high quality pulps to the investigation of the use of eucalypts as feedstocks for biofuel production. Here the structure and chemical composition of the heartwood and sapwood of Eucalyptus dunnii, E. globulus, E. pillularis, E. urophylla, an E. urophylla-E. grandis cross, Corymbia citriodora ssp. variegata, and Acacia mangium were compared using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and biochemical composition analysis. Some trends relating to these compositions were also identified by Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy. These results will serve as a foundation for a more comprehensive database of wood properties that will help develop criteria for the selection of tree species for use as biorefinery feedstocks.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Acacia (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Cell Wall (mesh)ChromatographyIon Exchange (mesh)Eucalyptus (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Monosaccharides (mesh)Multivariate Analysis (mesh)Polysaccharides (mesh)SpectroscopyFourier Transform Infrared (mesh)Trees (mesh)Wood (mesh)X-Ray Diffraction (mesh)Cell Wall (mesh)Acacia (mesh)Eucalyptus (mesh)Trees (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Monosaccharides (mesh)Polysaccharides (mesh)ChromatographyIon Exchange (mesh)X-Ray Diffraction (mesh)SpectroscopyFourier Transform Infrared (mesh)Multivariate Analysis (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Wood (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Acacia (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Cell Wall (mesh)ChromatographyIon Exchange (mesh)Eucalyptus (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Monosaccharides (mesh)Multivariate Analysis (mesh)Polysaccharides (mesh)SpectroscopyFourier Transform Infrared (mesh)Trees (mesh)Wood (mesh)X-Ray Diffraction (mesh)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fg4d21khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7fg4d21k/qt7fg4d21k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052820articlePLOS ONE, vol 7, iss 12e52820oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7712658s2026-09-17T14:58:51Zqt7712658sA Performance Portable, Fully Implicit Landau Collision Operator with Batched Linear SolversAdams, Mark FWang, PengMerson, JacobHuck, KevinKnepley, Matthew G2025-04-30Abstract. Modern accelerators use hierarchical parallel programming models that enable massive multithreading within a processing element (PE), with multiple PEs per device driven by traditional processes. Batching is a technique for exposing PE-level parallelism in algorithms that have traditionally run on MPI processes or multiple threads within a single process. Opportunities for batching arise in, for example, kinetic discretizations of magnetized plasmas where collisions are advanced in velocity space at each spatial point independently. This paper builds on previous work on a high-performance, fully nonlinear, Landau collision operator by batching the linear solver, as well as batching the spatial point problems and adding new support for multiple grids for multiscale, multispecies problems. An anisotropic relaxation verification test that agrees well with previously published results and analytical models is presented. The performance results from NVIDIA A100 and AMD MI250X nodes are presented with hardware utilization analysis for each architecture. The entire implicit Landau operator time advance is implemented in Kokkos for performance portability, running entirely on the device and is available in the PETSc numerical library. Reproducibility of computational results. This paper has been awarded the “SIAM Reproducibility Badge: Code and data available” as a recognition that the authors have followed reproducibility principles valued by SISC and the scientific computing community. Code and data that allow readers to reproduce the results in this paper are available at https://gitlab.com/markadams4/batch_paper_data and in the supplementary materials ( batch_paper_data-main.zip [9.15MB]). [Formula: see text]4901 Applied Mathematics (for-2020)4903 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)batch solversLandau collision operatorGPU finite elementskinetic methods0102 Applied Mathematics (for)0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for)0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics (for)Numerical & Computational Mathematics (science-metrix)4901 Applied mathematics (for-2020)4903 Numerical and computational mathematics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7712658shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7712658s/qt7712658s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1137/24m1640252articleSIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, vol 47, iss 2b360 - b381oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0fg0h6242026-09-17T14:57:49Zqt0fg0h624Configuration, Performance, and Commissioning of the ATLAS b-jet Triggers for the 2022 and 2023 LHC data-taking periodsAad, GAakvaag, EAbbott, BAbdelhameed, SAbeling, KAbicht, NJAbidi, SHAboelela, MAboulhorma, AAbramowicz, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAckermann, ABourdarios, C AdamAdamczyk, LAddepalli, SVAddison, MJAdelman, JAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgaras, MNAggarwal, AAgheorghiesei, CAhmadov, FAhuja, SAi, XAielli, GAikot, ATamlihat, M AitAitbenchikh, BAkbiyik, MÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAkiyama, DAkolkar, NNAktas, SAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlbouy, GLAlderweireldt, SAlegria, ZLAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlfonsi, FAlgren, MAlhroob, MAli, BAli, HMJAli, SAlibocus, SWAliev, MAlimonti, GAlkakhi, WAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, JSAllen, JFFlores, CA AllendesAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlsolami, ZMKFernandez, A AlvarezCardoso, M AlvesAlviggi, MGAly, MCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmelung, CAmerl, MAmes, CGAmidei, DAmini, BAmirie, KJAmirkhanov, ADos Santos, SP AmorAmos, KRAmperiadou, DAn, SAnaniev, VAnastopoulos, CAndeen, TAnders, JKAnderson, ACAndreazza, AAngelidakis, SAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAntipov, EAntonelli, MAnulli, FAoki, M2025-03-01In 2022 and 2023, the Large Hadron Collider produced approximately two billion hadronic interactions each second from bunches of protons that collide at a rate of 40 MHz. The ATLAS trigger system is used to reduce this rate to a few kHz for recording. Selections based on hadronic jets, their energy, and event topology reduce the rate to ?(10) kHz while maintaining high efficiencies for important signatures resulting in b-quarks, but to reach the desired recording rate of hundreds of Hz, additional real-time selections based on the identification of jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) are employed to achieve low thresholds on the jet transverse momentum at the High-Level Trigger. The configuration, commissioning, and performance of the real-time ATLAS b-jet identification algorithms for the early LHC Run 3 collision data are presented. These recent developments provide substantial gains in signal efficiency for critical signatures; for the Standard Model production of Higgs boson pairs, a 50% improvement in selection efficiency is observed in final states with four b-quarks or two b-quarks and two hadronically decaying τ-leptons.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Particle identification methodsTrigger detectors02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fg0h624https://escholarship.org/content/qt0fg0h624/qt0fg0h624.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/20/03/p03002articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 20, iss 03p03002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5d33257w2026-09-17T14:56:50Zqt5d33257wPatient PatentsLichtman, Douglas2017-01-01Until recently, successful patent plaintiffs would almost always be awarded injunctions against future infringement. Thanks to a recent change in remedies jurisprudence, however, patent plaintiffs today are often denied injunctions and awarded, instead, ongoing royalties. This change was made for reasons that have nothing to do with the pace of litigation. But the change turns out to meaningfully reduce the cost of delay. After all, delay is costly in cases that possibly involve injunctions because, in those cases, every extra day of litigation is another day during which the accused infringer might wrongfully use the patented technology. In cases without injunctions, by contrast, delay simply takes a day for which the accused infringer might have been paying a court-ordered ongoing royalty and transforms it into a day for which the accused infringer might instead pay court-ordered backward-looking damages. Either way, the infringer is paying a fee. Either way, that fee is determined by the court. As a result, certain types of patent cases should today slow down. That is, courts should extend deadlines and even stay certain cases, in that way making room for tailored, accuracy-enhancing delays that previously might have seemed too costly to embrace.patentremediesinjunctioneBayongoing royaltiesdamagesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d33257whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5d33257w/qt5d33257w.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt41q1p67h2026-09-17T14:54:19Zqt41q1p67hQuantifying Seasonal and Diurnal Cycles of Solar‐Induced Fluorescence With a Novel Hyperspectral ImagerRuehr, SophieGerlein‐Safdi, CynthiaFalco, NicolaSeibert, Paul OChou, ChunweiAlbert, LorenKeenan, Trevor F2024-07-28Abstract Solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) is a proxy of ecosystem photosynthesis that often scales linearly with gross primary productivity (GPP) at the canopy scale. However, the mechanistic relationship between GPP and SIF is still uncertain, especially at smaller temporal and spatial scales. We deployed a ultra‐hyperspectral imager over two grassland sites in California throughout a soil moisture dry down. The imager has high spatial resolution that limits mixed pixels, enabling differentiation between plants and leaves within one scene. We find that imager SIF correlates well with diurnal changes in leaf‐level physiology and gross primary productivity under well‐watered conditions. These relationships deteriorate throughout the dry down event. Our results demonstrate an advancement in SIF imaging with new possibilities in remotely sensing plant canopies from the leaf to the ecosystem. These data can be used to resolve outstanding questions regarding SIF's meaning and usefulness in terrestrial ecosystem monitoring.
Plain Language Summary Estimating the rate of carbon uptake by vegetation across space and time remains a challenge. Solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF), the emission of light by vegetation during photosynthesis, has recently emerged as a potential estimate of carbon uptake in many ecosystems and is observable from both satellites and ground‐based sensors. Here we present results from a field campaign with a novel SIF instrument that creates images (akin to a photo) across a landscape, allowing for SIF measurements from individual leaves, plants, or areas of interest. We find that SIF retrievals from the imager correspond to seasonal variations in carbon dioxide fixation rates and leaf‐level physiology relating to photosynthesis. We use this novel technology to improve understanding of SIF and carbon uptake across spatial and temporal scales.
Key Points Novel imagery technology enables solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) acquisition across space and time SIF diurnal and seasonal variations correspond to carbon fluxes and environmental conditions Imaging capacity predicts leaf‐level physiology across leaf, plant, and landscape scales3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)solar-induced fluorescencehyperspectral imagingplant physiologycarbon cycleremote sensingMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/41q1p67hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt41q1p67h/qt41q1p67h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2023gl107429articleGeophysical Research Letters, vol 51, iss 14oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1wd1z6td2026-09-17T14:54:12Zqt1wd1z6tdDephasing of ion beams as magnetic vortex acceleration regime transitions into a bubble-like field structureHakimi, SahelBulanov, Stepan SHuebl, AxelObst-Huebl, LieselotteNakamura, KeiGonsalves, AnthonySchenkel, Thomasvan Tilborg, JeroenVay, Jean-LucSchroeder, Carl BEsarey, EricGeddes, Cameron R2024-12-01The interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse with a near critical density target results in the formation of a plasma channel, a strong azimuthal magnetic field and moving vortices. An application of this is the generation of energetic and collimated ion beams via magnetic vortex acceleration. The optimized regime of magnetic vortex acceleration is becoming experimentally accessible with new high intensity laser beamlines coming online and advances made in near critical density target fabrication. The robustness of the acceleration mechanism with realistic experimental conditions is examined with three-dimensional simulations. Of particular interest is the acceleration performance with different laser temporal contrast conditions, in some cases leading to pre-expanded target profiles prior to the arrival of the main pulse. Preplasma effects on the structure of the accelerating fields are explored, including a detailed analysis of the ion beam properties and the efficiency of the process. Improved scaling laws for the magnetic vortex acceleration mechanism, including the laser focal spot size effects, are presented.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wd1z6tdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1wd1z6td/qt1wd1z6td.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0238727articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 31, iss 12123108oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt71c7w6852026-09-17T14:54:01Zqt71c7w685Dependence on Crystal Size of the Nanoscale Chemical Phase Distribution and Fracture in Li x FePO4Yu, Young-SangKim, ChunjoongShapiro, David AFarmand, MaryamQian, DannaTyliszczak, TolekKilcoyne, AL DavidCelestre, RichMarchesini, StefanoJoseph, JohnDenes, PeterWarwick, TonyStrobridge, Fiona CGrey, Clare PPadmore, HowardMeng, Ying ShirleyKostecki, RobertCabana, Jordi2015-07-08The performance of battery electrode materials is strongly affected by inefficiencies in utilization kinetics and cycle life as well as size effects. Observations of phase transformations in these materials with high chemical and spatial resolution can elucidate the relationship between chemical processes and mechanical degradation. Soft X-ray ptychographic microscopy combined with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy creates a powerful suite of tools that we use to assess the chemical and morphological changes in lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) micro- and nanocrystals that occur upon delithiation. All sizes of partly delithiated crystals were found to contain two phases with a complex correlation between crystallographic orientation and phase distribution. However, the lattice mismatch between LiFePO4 and FePO4 led to severe fracturing on microcrystals, whereas no mechanical damage was observed in nanoplates, indicating that mechanics are a principal driver in the outstanding electrode performance of LiFePO4 nanoparticles. These results demonstrate the importance of engineering the active electrode material in next generation electrical energy storage systems, which will achieve theoretical limits of energy density and extended stability. This work establishes soft X-ray ptychographic chemical imaging as an essential tool to build comprehensive relationships between mechanics and chemistry that guide this engineering design.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Nanotechnology (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)High resolution chemical imaging battery materialsredox phase transformationschemo-mechanical couplingLiFePO4High resolution chemical imagingLiFePO4battery materialschemo-mechanical couplingredox phase transformationsNanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/71c7w685https://escholarship.org/content/qt71c7w685/qt71c7w685.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01314articleNano Letters, vol 15, iss 74282 - 4288oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55j7j6wq2026-09-17T14:53:38Zqt55j7j6wqEvaluating three evapotranspiration estimates from model of different complexity over China using the ILAMB benchmarking systemWu, GenanCai, XitianKeenan, Trevor FLi, ShenggongLuo, XiangzhongFisher, Joshua BCao, RuochenLi, FaPurdy, Adam JZhao, WeiSun, XiaominHu, Zhongmin2020-11-01Land surface models range in complexity of terrestrial evapotranspiration, yet it is unknown how model complexity translates to accuracy of modeled evapotranspiration estimates. Here, we use the International Land Model Benchmarking system to assess ET estimates from three models of varying complexity driven by the same forcing datasets: an earth system model, a terrestrial biosphere model, and a stand-alone ET model. The performance assessment includes both temporal and spatial evaluation, and different plant functional types across China. Our results indicate that the most complex model, an earth system model, performed best against the benchmarking datasets and metrics. Terrestrial biosphere model performed best in simulating inter-annual variability of ET, while earth system model performed best in simulating the seasonal cycle. The more complex models (earth system model and terrestrial biosphere model) perform better in forest, shrub and crop ecosystems, while the simpler model (stand-alone ET model) perform better in grass ecosystems. Our study demonstrates the impact of model complexity on ET estimates and highlights directions for future ET model improvements.4013 Geomatic Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)BenchmarkingEvapotranspiration modelModel complexityEnvironmental Engineering (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55j7j6wqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt55j7j6wq/qt55j7j6wq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125553articleJournal of Hydrology, vol 590125553oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt733385rs2026-09-17T14:53:35Zqt733385rsVentura Marsh Milk-vetch (Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus) 2025 Management and Monitoring ReportWilhelm-Safian, ClaireChapman, WayneStratton, Lisa2026-01-01Ventura marsh milk-vetch (Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus) is a California state and federally endangered species in the legume family (Fabaceae) which historically grew in alluvial coastal systems in Los Angeles and Ventura counties (USFWS, 2020). The species was declared extinct in the 1960s after several decades without record in surveys, but was rediscovered in 1997 in Oxnard at a planned development site; development was halted and the site was preserved in the following decades. Since then, the species has been reintroduced at McGrath State Beach in 2004 and Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve in 2002.The establishment of Ventura marsh milk-vetch at North Campus Open Space and Coal Oil Point Reserve (COPR) in Santa Barbara County represent novel introductions outside of the historic range. These two locations comprise the upper and lower arms of the Devereux Slough, and intermittently tidal estuarine system. Ventura marsh milk-vetch prefers shallow or perched water tables in a dynamic system with somewhat regular disturbances to reduce competitive pressure. There was an earlier introduction to COPR in 1999 that was extirpated in 2019. The Cheadle Center reintroduced the species to COPR in 2022 in experimental seeding plots throughout the reserve, as well as establishing two experimental plots at the UCSB Campus Lagoon. Since these introductions, the Ventura marsh milk-vetch has flourished at North Campus Open Space in the original “main population” along the sandy edge of the slough and in several smaller occurrences throughout the open space. At Coal Oil Point Reserve, two of the nine seeding plots have established small, but consistent occurrences of milk-vetch over the last three years. The Campus Lagoon proved unsuitable habitat for the milk-vetch, with a lower water table than expected and significantly higher competitive pressure.The populations at North Campus Open Space and Coal Oil Point Reserve both require active management and monitoring for continued survival of the species. Competition from both native and invasive species has been compounded by Nitrogen fixation by the milk-vetch and invasive Melilotus sp. These sites are vital to the conservation of a critically endangered species with only a handful of occurrences in the world. We hope the data and observations collected in this report will help inform future conservation efforts throughout the species range.endangered speciesthreatened speciesendemicapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/733385rshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt733385rs/qt733385rs.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51m6402s2026-09-17T14:53:22Zqt51m6402sSpatial and spectral mapping of traffic-related nanoparticles in hippocampal subregions of an Alzheimer disease modelO’Toole, Hannah JJames, AnchaleenaNasim, NathifaHadley, Dustin JHale, Elizabeth JHe, QingBein, Keith JValenzuela, AnthonyRojalin, TatuDugger, Brittany NWexler, Anthony SLein, Pamela JCarney, Randy P2026-03-01Chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is linked to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) is a suspected driver of TRAP neurotoxicity, but its spatial interactions with AD pathology remain poorly defined. We investigated the distribution, composition, and pathological context of TRAP-derived UFPM in the hippocampus of TgF344-AD rats chronically exposed to TRAP or filtered air (FA) for 14 months. Using a multimodal imaging workflow that combines enhanced darkfield hyperspectral imaging (EDF-HSI) with confocal immunofluorescence for microglia (CD68/Iba1) and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques (Thioflavin S), we mapped the localization and spectral properties of UFPM in situ. UFPM accumulation was elevated in TRAP-exposed females, suggesting sex-specific vulnerability in blood-brain barrier permeability or particle accumulation. Particles near plaques showed red-shifted spectral signatures, suggestive of biochemical transformation. Dimension reduction revealed clustering of particle spectra by TRAP exposure and plaque proximity. However, UFPM was rarely found within plaques or microglia, implying indirect neuroimmune modulation. These findings highlight a novel spatial and spectral imaging approach for characterizing environmental nanoparticle interactions in the brain and suggests chronic TRAP exposure may influence AD-related inflammation and pathology in a sex- and region-dependent manner in this rodent model.4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions (rcdc)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Animals (mesh)Hippocampus (mesh)Rats (mesh)Male (mesh)Particulate Matter (mesh)Nanoparticles (mesh)Female (mesh)Disease ModelsAnimal (mesh)Air Pollutants (mesh)Microglia (mesh)Traffic-Related Pollution (mesh)RatsInbred F344 (mesh)Vehicle Emissions (mesh)Particulate matter (PM)Neurodegenerative diseasesPhagocytic microgliaPlaquesHippocampus (mesh)Microglia (mesh)Animals (mesh)RatsInbred F344 (mesh)Rats (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Disease ModelsAnimal (mesh)Air Pollutants (mesh)Vehicle Emissions (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Particulate Matter (mesh)Nanoparticles (mesh)Traffic-Related Pollution (mesh)Neurodegenerative diseasesParticulate matter (PM)Phagocytic microgliaPlaquesAlzheimer Disease (mesh)Animals (mesh)Hippocampus (mesh)Rats (mesh)Male (mesh)Particulate Matter (mesh)Nanoparticles (mesh)Female (mesh)Disease ModelsAnimal (mesh)Air Pollutants (mesh)Microglia (mesh)Traffic-Related Pollution (mesh)RatsInbred F344 (mesh)Vehicle Emissions (mesh)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51m6402shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt51m6402s/qt51m6402s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127730articleEnvironmental Pollution, vol 393127730oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt83h901cc2026-09-17T14:50:30Zqt83h901ccMemory-Based Strategies for Antiretroviral Medication Management: An Evaluation of Clinical Predictors, Adherence Behavior Awareness, and EffectivenessBlackstone, KWoods, SPWeber, EGrant, IMoore, DJThe HNRP Group2013-01-01Abstract“Forgetting” is the most commonly endorsed reason for missing an antiretroviral therapy (ART) dose, yet little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and effectiveness of the mnemonic strategies to support ART adherence. The current study assessed 28 self-reported memory-based medication strategies in 233 HIV-infected individuals with 30-day ART adherence measured via the medication event monitoring system. Participants endorsed using multiple (8.7 ± 5.6) strategies with the most common being internally-driven. More frequent strategy use was uniquely associated with affective distress, dependent daily functioning, higher non-ART pill burden, and poorer ART adherence. Individuals who used strategies frequently, but perceived them as minimally effective, had more affective, physical, and functional distress. More frequent strategy use was associated with worse ART adherence and was unrelated to perceived effectiveness. Primary reliance on internally-based mnemonic strategies may reflect a lack of awareness of adherence behaviors and may be insufficient to support optimal ART adherence in vulnerable populations.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Patient Safety (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)Activities of Daily Living (mesh)Adult (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Awareness (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Health Behavior (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Memory (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Predictive Value of Tests (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)Reminder Systems (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Self Report (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Drug Monitoring (mesh)Infectious diseaseSelf-awarenessMnemonic devicesMedicationsHNRP GroupHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Drug Monitoring (mesh)Activities of Daily Living (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Predictive Value of Tests (mesh)Health Behavior (mesh)Awareness (mesh)Memory (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Reminder Systems (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Self Report (mesh)Activities of Daily Living (mesh)Adult (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Awareness (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Health Behavior (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Memory (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Predictive Value of Tests (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)Reminder Systems (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Self Report (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Drug Monitoring (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1607 Social Work (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/83h901ccinfo:doi/10.1007/s10461-012-0308-9articleAIDS and Behavior, vol 17, iss 174 - 85oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1z86p6sq2026-09-17T14:50:18Zqt1z86p6sqMethanogenesis and Acetogenesis in Hydrogenotrophy with Carbonate Minerals: Dependence on Mineral Surface Area, Biofilm Growth, and Microbial CommunityQi, YarongBorglin, SharonLi, LanglangDong, WenmingBill, MarkusHao, ZhaoPallud, CélineGilbert, Benjamin2025-08-26The production, storage, and use of hydrogen are anticipated to grow substantially to achieve energy and climate goals. Consequently, microbial communities in many terrestrial and subsurface Earth environments could be exposed to elevated hydrogen concentrations. Hydrogen stimulates metabolic processes that reduce aqueous chemical species, such as bicarbonate or sulfate, that can exchange with solid mineral phases, but the controls on microbial hydrogenotrophy with mineral sources of electron acceptors are not fully understood. Herein, we applied laboratory experiments and biogeochemical modeling to study the response of a natural microbial community to an elevated partial pressure of hydrogen in the presence of carbonate minerals of varying composition, solubility, and size. Experimental incubations and simulation results showed that hydrogen consumption by microbial communities was initially dominated by sulfate reduction and, subsequently, transitioned to acetogenesis and methanogenesis. The rates of acetogenesis and methanogenesis were not correlated with the solubility of carbonate minerals. Instead, we observed strong linear correlations between the rates and surface area of carbonate minerals. Methane and acetate production slowed down in all incubations after about 2 weeks of incubation, although biogeochemical modeling predicted that the metabolic processes were not thermodynamically limited. Electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy showed that biofilms with diverse microorganisms grew on the carbonates during this period. The methane δ13C value significantly increased, consistent with slower growth at elevated pH. This work highlights that microbial communities form biofilm on carbonate mineral surfaces as a response to hydrogen and that biofilm formation could pose a strong kinetic limitation to hydrogenotrophic metabolism utilizing carbonate minerals.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)14 Life Below Water (sdg)Biofilms (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Methane (mesh)Carbonates (mesh)Minerals (mesh)Acetates (mesh)hydrogenmethanogenesisacetogenesiscarbonate mineralcalcitebiofilmArchaeaBacteria<italic>Acetobacterium</italic><italic>Methanobacterium</italic>Biofilms (mesh)Carbonates (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Minerals (mesh)Acetates (mesh)Methane (mesh)ArchaeaBacteriaAcetobacteriumMethanobacteriumacetogenesiscalcitebiofilmcarbonate mineralhydrogenmethanogenesisBiofilms (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Methane (mesh)Carbonates (mesh)Minerals (mesh)Acetates (mesh)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z86p6sqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1z86p6sq/qt1z86p6sq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.est.4c14291articleEnvironmental Science and Technology, vol 59, iss 3317485 - 17495oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0m00f3282026-09-17T14:48:33Zqt0m00f328Captive Audiences and the First AmendmentLichtman, Douglas2005-04-01In this six-page magazine piece, I consider how First Amendment jurisprudence accounts for the possibility of listener self-help. My starting point is the observation that, in this context, the existence of a cost-effective self-help remedy has long been taken to be a good reason to disallow government regulation meant to accomplish similar ends. Why, the courts implicitly ask, should the government be allowed to regulate speech when an offended party can just as effectively turn a blind eye? From there, I note that the opposite argument has also had purchase in court decisions: where a "captive audience" has no effective self-help mechanism by which to avoid exposure to a given communication, that absence of a plausible self-help mechanism has been accepted as an argument in favor of direct government intervention. My main contribution is to then challenge this latter notion. As I argue in the piece, the absence of plausible self-help remedies is not merely a deficiency that the government ought to be allowed to address, but also an opportunity that the government ought not be allowed to squander without justification. After all, society has a strong interest in finding ways to ensure that each of us is exposed to a wide variety of conflicting perspectives. Captive audiences often represent a relatively low-cost means by which to achieve that goal.First Amendmentcaptive audiencefree speechself-helpapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m00f328https://escholarship.org/content/qt0m00f328/qt0m00f328.pdfarticleUniversity of Chicago Law School Magazine, vol Spring6 - 11oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6cf3r8mt2026-09-17T14:46:14Zqt6cf3r8mtMitigation of hydrogen crossover in liquid alkaline water electrolysers using gas recombination catalystsLiu, HaotianLang, Jack TBabbe, FinnBauer, DylanMarquez Rossy, AndresGrejtak, TomasHe, YuxiaoHuang, YuCullen, David AZenyuk, Iryna VPeng, Xiong2026-06-26The rising demand for hydrogen calls for improvements in the efficiency of liquid alkaline water electrolysers (LAWEs), which can be fulfilled by advanced electrodes or separators. Nevertheless, they also intensify hydrogen crossover and safety concerns, thus mandating efficient mitigation strategies. Here we studied the correlation between cathodes and hydrogen crossover behaviours and mitigated safety risks by designing a gas recombination catalyst (GRC). We attribute the elevated hydrogen crossover associated with platinum-based cathodes to their preferential utilization for the hydrogen evolution reaction that creates elevated hydrogen supersaturation, as evidenced by direct measurements of dissolved hydrogen concentration. Varying the placement of platinum layers relative to the cathode–separator interface also supports this conclusion. The implementation of a GRC reduces hydrogen crossover by 95% without affecting LAWE performance and functions for over 1,000 h at 1 A cm−2. This study provides insights into hydrogen supersaturation and the crossover mechanism, as well as offering a promising pathway to enhance the efficiency and reliability of alkaline water electrolysis.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)4017 Mechanical engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cf3r8mthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6cf3r8mt/qt6cf3r8mt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41560-026-02094-7articleNature Energy1 - 13oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0nx1k74d2026-09-17T14:46:07Zqt0nx1k74dSurprisingly robust photochemistry in subarctic particles during winter: evidence from photooxidantsHeinlein, Laura MDHe, JunweiSunday, Michael OluwatoyinGuo, FangzhouCampbell, JamesMoon, AllisonKapur, SukritiFang, TingEdwards, KaseyCesler-Maloney, MeetaBurns, Alyssa JDibb, JackSimpson, WilliamShiraiwa, ManabuAlexander, BeckyMao, JingqiuFlynn, James HStutz, JochenAnastasio, Cort2025-08-29Subarctic cities notoriously experience severe winter pollution episodes with fine particle (PM 2.5 ) concentrations above 35 µg m −3 , the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 24 h standard. While winter sources of primary particles in Fairbanks, Alaska, have been studied, the chemistry driving secondary particle formation is elusive. Biomass burning is a major source of wintertime primary particles, making the PM 2.5 rich in light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC). When BrC absorbs sunlight, it produces photooxidants – reactive species potentially important for secondary sulfate and secondary organic aerosol formation – yet photooxidant measurements in high-latitude PM 2.5 remain scarce. During the winter of 2022 Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) field campaign in Fairbanks, we collected PM filters, extracted the filters into water, and exposed the extracts to simulated sunlight to characterize the production of three photooxidants: oxidizing triplet excited states of BrC, singlet molecular oxygen, and hydroxyl radical. Next, we used our measurements to model photooxidant production in highly concentrated aerosol liquid water. While conventional wisdom indicates photochemistry is limited during high-latitude winters, we find that BrC photochemistry is significant: we predict high triplet and singlet oxygen daytime particle concentrations up to 2×10-12 and 3×10-11 M, respectively, with moderate hydroxyl radical concentrations up to 5×10-15 M. Although our modeling predicts that triplets account for 0.4 %–10 % of daytime secondary sulfate formation, particle photochemistry cumulatively dominates, generating 76 % of daytime secondary sulfate formation, largely due to in-particle hydrogen peroxide, which contributes 25 %–54 %. Finally, we estimate triplet production rates year-round, revealing the highest rates in late winter when Fairbanks experiences severe pollution and in summer when wildfires generate BrC.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nx1k74dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0nx1k74d/qt0nx1k74d.pdfinfo:doi/10.5194/acp-25-9561-2025articleAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol 25, iss 169561 - 9581oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3nm6z4532026-09-17T14:45:58Zqt3nm6z453Identification of proteins influencing CRISPR-associated transposases for enhanced genome editingSong, Leo CTAlker, Amanda TPOromí-Bosch, AgnèsSwartz, Sophia EMartinson, Jonathan NVArora, JigyasaWang, Abby MRovinsky, RachelSmith, Sara JPierce, Emily CDeutschbauer, Adam MDoudna, Jennifer ACress, Brady FRubin, Benjamin E2026-01-02CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) hold tremendous potential for microbial genome editing because of their ability to integrate large DNA cargos in a programmable, site-specific manner. However, their widespread application has been hindered by poorly understood host factor requirements for transposition. To address this gap, we conducted the first genome-wide screen for host factors affecting Vibrio cholerae CAST (VchCAST) activity using an Escherichia coli RB-TnSeq library and identified 15 genes affecting VchCAST transposition. Of these, seven factors were validated to improve VchCAST activity, and two were inhibitory. Guided by the identification of homologous recombination effectors, RecD and RecA, we tested the λ-Red recombineering system in our VchCAST editing vectors and increased editing efficiency by 55.2-fold in E. coli, 5.6-fold in Pseudomonas putida, and 10.8-fold in Klebsiella michiganensis while maintaining high target specificity and similar insertion arrangements. This study improves the understanding of factors affecting VchCAST activity and enhances its efficiency as a bacterial genome editor.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Digestive Diseases (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)Gene Editing (mesh)Transposases (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Vibrio cholerae (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Proteins (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Vibrio cholerae (mesh)Transposases (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Proteins (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Transposases (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Vibrio cholerae (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Proteins (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nm6z453https://escholarship.org/content/qt3nm6z453/qt3nm6z453.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.aea1429articleScience Advances, vol 12, iss 1eaea1429oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3655d6bp2026-09-17T14:45:37Zqt3655d6bpDESI DR1 Lyα 1D power spectrum: the optimal estimator measurementKaraçaylı, Naim GökselMartini, PaulAguilar, JAhlen, SArmengaud, EBailey, SBault, ABianchi, DBrodzeller, ABrooks, DChaves-Montero, JClaybaugh, TCuceu, Ade la Macorra, ADey, ADey, BDoel, PFerraro, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GGuy, JHahn, CHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KIshak, MKehoe, RKirkby, DKremin, ALandriau, MLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMontero-Camacho, PNadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPan, ZPercival, WJPieri, Matthew MPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRavoux, CRossi, GSanchez, ESaulder, CSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSiudek, MSprayberry, DTan, TTang, Ji-JiaTarlé, GWalther, MWeaver, BAYu, JZhou, RZou, H2025-10-01The one-dimensional power spectrum P 1D of Lyα forest offers rich insights into cosmological and astrophysical parameters, including constraints on the sum of neutrino masses, warm dark matter models, and the thermal state of the intergalactic medium. We present the measurement of P 1D using the optimal quadratic maximum likelihood estimator applied to over 300,000 Lyα quasars from Data Release 1 (DR1) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. This sample represents the largest to date for P 1D measurements and is larger than the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) by a factor of 1.7. We conduct a meticulous investigation of instrumental and analysis systematics and quantify their impact on P 1D. This includes the development of a cross-exposure estimator that eliminates the need to model the pipeline noise and has strong potential for future P 1D measurements. We also present new insights into metal contamination through the 1D correlation function. Using a fitting function we measure the evolution of the Lyα forest bias with high precision: bF (z) = (-0.218 ± 0.002) × ((1 + z)/4)2.96±0.06. In a companion validation paper, we substantially extend our previous suite of CCD image simulations to quantify the pipeline's exquisite performance accurately. In another companion paper, we present DR1 P 1D measurements using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) approach to power spectrum estimation. These two measurements produce a forest bias parameter that differs by 2.2 sigma. However, our model is simplistic, so this disagreement will be investigated in future work.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Lyman alpha forestpower spectrum0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3655d6bphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3655d6bp/qt3655d6bp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/10/004articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 10004oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4496k1bm2026-09-17T14:45:30Zqt4496k1bmImplementation Strategies and Utility of a Multi-sensor Suite Deployed in a Full-scale 10-story Building Shake Table Test ProgramSorosh, ShokrullahZhang, JiachenLotfizadeh, KooroshHaddadi, HamidSwensen, DanielBranum, DaveKohler, MonicaGuy, RichardSkolnik, DerekSaifullah, M KhalidSchafer, BenjaminHutchinson, Tara2026-07-13application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4496k1bmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4496k1bm/qt4496k1bm.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7v15d1jd2026-09-17T14:45:25Zqt7v15d1jdPerformance of Strong-Motion Instrumentation During FiresSkolnik, DerekSaifullah, M KhalidEmberley, RichardSorosh, ShokrullahZhang, JiachenHutchinson, Tara2026-07-13application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v15d1jdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7v15d1jd/qt7v15d1jd.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0z89g4qv2026-09-17T14:45:12Zqt0z89g4qvFiducial-cosmology-dependent systematics for the DESI 2024 BAO analysisPérez-Fernández, AMedina-Varela, LRuggeri, RVargas-Magaña, MSeo, HPadmanabhan, NIshak, MAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlves, OAndrade, UBrieden, SBrooks, DRosell, A CarneroChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADey, ArjunDing, ZDoel, PFanning, KGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHonscheid, KJuneau, SKirkby, DKisner, TLambert, ALandriau, MLasker, JLe Guillou, LManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JMyers, ADNadathur, SNewman, JANiz, GPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRashkovetskyi, MRocher, ARossi, GSanchez, ASanchez, ESchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GValcin, DWeaver, BAYu, JZou, H2025-01-01When measuring the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) scale from galaxy surveys, one typically assumes a fiducial cosmology when converting redshift measurements into comoving distances and also when defining input parameters for the reconstruction algorithm. A parameterised template for the model to be fitted is also created based on a (possibly different) fiducial cosmology. This model reliance can be considered a form of data compression, and the data is then analysed allowing that the true answer is different from the fiducial cosmology assumed. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the fiducial cosmology assumed in the BAO analysis of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey Data Release 1 (DR1) on the final measurements in DESI 2024 III. We utilise a suite of mock galaxy catalogues with survey realism that mirrors the DESI DR1 tracers: the bright galaxy sample (BGS), the luminous red galaxies (LRG), the emission line galaxies (ELG) and the quasars (QSO), spanning a redshift range from 0.1 to 2.1. We compare the four secondary AbacusSummit cosmologies against DESI's fiducial cosmology (Planck 2018). The secondary cosmologies explored include a lower cold dark matter density, a thawing dark energy universe, a higher number of effective species, and a lower amplitude of matter clustering. The mocks are processed through the BAO pipeline by consistently iterating the grid, template, and reconstruction reference cosmologies. We determine a conservative systematic contribution to the error of 0.1% for both the isotropic and anisotropic dilation parameters α iso and α AP. We then directly test the impact of the fiducial cosmology on DESI DR1 data.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationspower spectrumredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0z89g4qvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0z89g4qv/qt0z89g4qv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/144articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01144oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8jx4m6t82026-09-17T14:45:07Zqt8jx4m6t8Blinding scheme for the scale-dependence bias signature of local primordial non-Gaussianity for DESI 2024Chaussidon, Ede Mattia, AYèche, CAguilar, JAhlen, SBrooks, DClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADoel, PFanning, KGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHowlett, CKisner, TLambert, ALe Guillou, LManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPrada, FRoss, AJRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MWeaver, BAZou, H2025-01-01The next generation of spectroscopic surveys is expected to achieve an unprecedented level of accuracy in the measurement of cosmological parameters. To avoid confirmation bias and thereby improve the reliability of these results, blinding procedures become a standard practice in the cosmological analyses of such surveys. Blinding is especially crucial when the impact of observational systematics is important relative to the cosmological signal, and a detection of that signal would have significant implications. This is the case for local primordial non-gaussianity, as probed by the scale-dependent bias of the galaxy power spectrum at large scales that are heavily sensitive to the dependence of the target selection on the imaging quality, known as imaging systematics. We propose a blinding method for the scale-dependent bias signature of local primordial non-gaussianity at the density field level which consists in generating a set of weights for the data that replicate the scale-dependent bias. The applied blinding is predictable, and can be straightforwardly combined with other catalog-level blinding procedures that have been designed for the baryon acoustic oscillation and redshift space distortion signals. The procedure is validated through simulations that replicate data from the first year of observation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, but may find applications to other upcoming spectroscopic surveys.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)galaxy clusteringpower spectrumcosmological parameters from LSSgalaxy surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jx4m6t8https://escholarship.org/content/qt8jx4m6t8/qt8jx4m6t8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/135articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01135oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt130454672026-09-17T14:45:02Zqt13045467Validating the galaxy and quasar catalog-level blinding scheme for the DESI 2024 analysisAndrade, UMena-Fernández, JAwan, HRoss, AJBrieden, SPan, Jde Mattia, AAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OBrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EChaussidon, EClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADey, ADoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGuy, JHahn, CHanif, MMSHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DJuneau, SKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNadathur, SNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPinon, MPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Fernández, ARashkovetskyi, MRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MVerde, LWeaver, BA2025-01-01In the era of precision cosmology, ensuring the integrity of data analysis through blinding techniques is paramount — a challenge particularly relevant for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). DESI represents a monumental effort to map the cosmic web, with the goal to measure the redshifts of tens of millions of galaxies and quasars. Given the data volume and the impact of the findings, the potential for confirmation bias poses a significant challenge. To address this, we implement and validate a comprehensive blind analysis strategy for DESI Data Release 1 (DR1), tailored to the specific observables DESI is most sensitive to: Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Redshift-Space Distortion (RSD) and primordial non-Gaussianities (PNG). We carry out the blinding at the catalog level, implementing shifts in the redshifts of the observed galaxies to blind for BAO and RSD signals and weights to blind for PNG through a scale-dependent bias. We validate the blinding technique on mocks as well as on data by applying a second blinding layer to perform a series of sanity checks; the latter allows probing complexities in real data not captured in mocks. We find that the blinding strategy alters the data vector in a controlled way, and the BAO and RSD analysis choices are robust to blinding. The successful validation of the blinding strategy paves the way for the unblinded DESI DR1 analysis, alongside future blind analyses with DESI and other surveys.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)redshift surveysbaryon acoustic oscillationspower spectrumcosmologicalparameters from LSS0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/13045467https://escholarship.org/content/qt13045467/qt13045467.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/128articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01128oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5f17p68c2026-09-17T14:44:57Zqt5f17p68cOptimal reconstruction of baryon acoustic oscillations for DESI 2024Paillas, EDing, ZChen, XSeo, HPadmanabhan, Nde Mattia, ARoss, AJNadathur, SHowlett, CAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OAndrade, UBrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, EChen, SClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDoel, PFanning, KFerraro, SForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHahn, CHanif, MMSHonscheid, KIshak, MKehoe, RKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMedina-Varela, LMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Fernández, ARashkovetskyi, MRezaie, MRosado-Marin, ARossi, GRuggeri, RSanchez, ESaulder, CSchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GValcin, DVargas-Magaña, MYu, JYuan, SZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) provide a robust standard ruler to measure the expansion history of the Universe through galaxy clustering. Density-field reconstruction is now a widely adopted procedure for increasing the precision and accuracy of the BAO detection. With the goal of finding the optimal reconstruction settings to be used in the DESI 2024 galaxy BAO analysis, we assess the sensitivity of the post-reconstruction BAO constraints to different choices in our analysis configuration, performing tests on blinded data from the first year of DESI observations (DR1), as well as on mocks that mimic the expected clustering and selection properties of the DESI DR1 target samples. Overall, we find that BAO constraints remain robust against multiple aspects in the reconstruction process, including the choice of smoothing scale, treatment of redshift-space distortions, fiber assignment incompleteness, and parameterizations of the BAO model. We also present a series of tests that DESI followed in order to assess the maturity of the end-to-end galaxy BAO pipeline before the unblinding of the large-scale structure catalogs.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f17p68chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5f17p68c/qt5f17p68c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/142articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01142oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5502f0rk2026-09-17T14:44:51Zqt5502f0rkA comparison between ShapeFit compression and Full-Modelling method with PyBird for DESI 2024 and beyondLai, YHowlett, CMaus, MGil-Marín, HNoriega, HERamírez-Solano, SZarrouk, PAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OAviles, ABrooks, DChen, SClaybaugh, TDavis, TMDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADoel, PForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHonscheid, KJuneau, SLandriau, MManera, MMiquel, RMueller, ENadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WPoppett, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MVerde, LYuan, SZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01DESI aims to provide one of the tightest constraints on cosmological parameters by analysing the clustering of more than thirty million galaxies. However, obtaining such constraints requires special care in validating the methodology and efforts to reduce the computational time required through data compression and emulation techniques. In this work, we perform a rigorous validation of the PyBird power spectrum modelling code with both a traditional emulated Full-Modelling approach and the model-independent ShapeFit compression approach. By using cubic box simulations that accurately reproduce the clustering and precision of the DESI survey, we find that the cosmological constraints from ShapeFit and Full-Modelling are consistent with each other at the ∼ 0.5σ level for the ΛCDM model. Both ShapeFit and Full-Modelling are also consistent with the true ΛCDM simulation cosmology down to a scale of k max = 0.20 hMpc-1 even after including the hexadecapole. For extended models such as the wCDM and the oCDM models, we find that including the hexadecapole can significantly improve the constraints and reduce the modelling errors with the same k max. While their discrepancies between the constraints from ShapeFit and Full-Modelling are more significant than ΛCDM, they remain consistent within 0.7σ. Lastly, we also show that the constraints on cosmological parameters with the correlation function evaluated from PyBird down to s min = 30h -1Mpc are unbiased and consistent with the constraints from the power spectrum.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumredshift surveyscosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5502f0rkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5502f0rk/qt5502f0rk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/139articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01139oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3fs7f4rp2026-09-17T14:44:46Zqt3fs7f4rpA comparison of effective field theory models of redshift space galaxy power spectra for DESI 2024 and future surveysMaus, MLai, YNoriega, HERamirez-Solano, SAviles, AChen, SFromenteau, SGil-Marín, HHowlett, CVargas-Magaña, MWhite, MZarrouk, PAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OBrieden, SBrooks, DBurtin, EClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, KIcaza-Lizaola, Mde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADoel, PFerraro, SFindlay, NForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHahn, CHonscheid, KIshak, MKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMiquel, RMueller, ENadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRezaie, MRocher, ARossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GYuan, SZhao, RZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01In preparation for the next generation of galaxy redshift surveys, and in particular the year-one data release from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), we investigate the consistency of a variety of effective field theory models that describe the galaxy-galaxy power spectra in redshift space into the quasi-linear regime using 1-loop perturbation theory. These models are employed in the pipelines velocileptors, PyBird, and Folpsν . While these models have been validated independently, a detailed comparison with consistent choices has not been attempted. After briefly discussing the theoretical differences between the models we describe how to provide a more apples-to-apples comparison between them. We present the results of fitting mock spectra from the AbacusSummit suite of N-body simulations provided in three redshift bins to mimic the types of dark time tracers targeted by the DESI survey. We show that the theories behave similarly and give consistent constraints in both the forward-modeling and ShapeFit compressed fitting approaches. We additionally generate (noiseless) synthetic data from each pipeline to be fit by the others, varying the scale cuts in order to show that the models agree within the range of scales for which we expect 1-loop perturbation theory to be applicable. This work lays the foundation of Full-Shape analysis with DESI Y1 galaxy samples where in the tests we performed, we found no systematic error associated with the modeling of the galaxy redshift space power spectrum for this volume.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumredshift surveyscosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumredshift surveyscosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fs7f4rphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3fs7f4rp/qt3fs7f4rp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/134articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0nm3n5fp2026-09-17T14:44:41Zqt0nm3n5fpHOD-dependent systematics in Emission Line Galaxies for the DESI 2024 BAO analysisGarcia-Quintero, CMena-Fernández, JRocher, AYuan, SHadzhiyska, BAlves, ORashkovetskyi, MSeo, HPadmanabhan, NNadathur, SHowlett, CIshak, MMedina-Varela, LMcDonald, PRoss, AJXie, YChen, XBera, AAguilar, JAhlen, SAndrade, UBenZvi, SBrooks, DBurtin, EChen, SClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADey, ADey, BDing, ZDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GGuy, JHahn, CHonscheid, KKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPérez-Fernández, ARosado-Marin, ARossi, GRuggeri, RSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MWeaver, BAYu, JZhang, HZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will provide precise measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) to constrain the expansion history of the Universe and set stringent constraints on dark energy. Therefore, precise control of the global error budget due to various systematic effects is required for the DESI 2024 BAO analysis. In this work, we estimate the level of systematics induced in the DESI BAO analysis due the assumed Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model for the Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) tracer. We make use of mock galaxy catalogs constructed by fitting various HOD models to early DESI data, namely the One-Percent survey data. Our analysis includes typical HOD models for the ELG tracer used in the literature as well as extensions to the baseline models. Among the extensions, we consider various recipes for galactic conformity and assembly bias. We use 25 AbacusSummit simulations under the ΛCDM cosmology for each HOD model and perform independent analyses in Fourier space and in configuration space. To recover the BAO signal from our mocks we perform BAO reconstruction and apply the control variates technique to reduce sample variance noise. Our BAO analyses can recover the isotropic BAO parameter α iso within 0.1% and the Alcock Paczynski parameter α AP within 0.3%. Overall, we find that the systematic error due to the HOD dependence is below 0.17%, with the Fourier space analysis being more robust against the HOD systematics. We conclude that our analysis pipeline is robust enough against the HOD systematics for the ELG tracer in the DESI 2024 BAO analysis, for the assumptions made.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationsgalaxy clustering0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nm3n5fphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0nm3n5fp/qt0nm3n5fp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/132articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01132oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8k53z0rn2026-09-17T14:44:37Zqt8k53z0rnImpact and mitigation of spectroscopic systematics on DESI DR1 clustering measurementsKrolewski, AYu, JRoss, AJPenmetsa, SPercival, WJZhou, RWilson, MJHou, JAguilar, JAhlen, SBrooks, DChaussidon, EClaybaugh, Tde la Macorra, ADey, BiprateepForero-Romero, JEGontcho, S Gontcho AGuy, JHonscheid, KJuneau, SKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALe Guillou, LLevi, MEMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMyers, ADNewman, JANiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GWeaver, BAZhao, C2025-01-01The large scale structure catalogs within DESI Data Release 1 (DR1) use nearly 6 million galaxies and quasars as tracers of the large-scale structure of the universe to measure the expansion history with baryon acoustic oscillations and the growth of structure with redshift-space distortions. In order to take advantage of DESI's unprecedented statistical power, we must ensure that the galaxy clustering measurements are unaffected by non-cosmological density fluctuations. One source of spurious fluctuations comes from variation in galaxy density with spectroscopic observing conditions, lowering the redshift efficiency (and thus galaxy density) in certain areas of the sky. We measure the uniformity of the redshift success rate for DESI luminous red galaxies (LRG), bright galaxies (BGS) and quasars (QSO), complementing the detailed discussion of emission line galaxy (ELG) systematics in a companion paper [1]. We find small but significant fluctuations of up to 3% in redshift success rate with the effective spectroscopic signal-to-noise, and create and describe weights that remove these fluctuations. We also describe the process to identify and remove data from certain poorly performing fibers from DESI DR1, and measure the stability of the redshift success rate with time. Finally, we find small but significant correlations of redshift success rate with position on the focal plane, survey speed, and number of exposures required, and show the impact of weights correcting these trends on the power spectrum multipoles and on cosmological parameters from BAO and RSD fits. These corrections change the best-fit parameters by <15% of their statistical errors, and thus contribute negligibly to the overall DESI error budget.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)redshift surveyscosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrum0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k53z0rnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8k53z0rn/qt8k53z0rn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/147articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01147oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt978149tj2026-09-17T14:44:32Zqt978149tjValidation of the DESI 2024 Lyα forest BAO analysis using synthetic datasetsCuceu, AndreiHerrera-Alcantar, Hiram KGordon, CalumMartini, PaulGuy, JulienFont-Ribera, AndreuGonzalez-Morales, Alma XKarim, M AbdulAguilar, JAhlen, SArmengaud, EBault, ABrooks, DClaybaugh, Tde la Macorra, ADoel, PFanning, KFerraro, SForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHonscheid, KHowlett, CKaraçaylı, NGKirkby, DKremin, ALandriau, MLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRamírez-Pérez, CRavoux, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTan, TTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MWalther, MWeaver, BAZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01The first year of data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) contains the largest set of Lyman-α (Lyα) forest spectra ever observed. This data, collected in the DESI Data Release 1 (DR1) sample, has been used to measure the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) feature at redshift z = 2.33. In this work, we use a set of 150 synthetic realizations of DESI DR1 to validate the DESI 2024 Lyα forest BAO measurement presented in [1]. The synthetic data sets are based on Gaussian random fields using the log-normal approximation. We produce realistic synthetic DESI spectra that include all major contaminants affecting the Lyα forest. The synthetic data sets span a redshift range 1.8 < z < 3.8, and are analysed using the same framework and pipeline used for the DESI 2024 Lyα forest BAO measurement. To measure BAO, we use both the Lyα auto-correlation and its cross-correlation with quasar positions. We use the mean of correlation functions from the set of DESI DR1 realizations to show that our model is able to recover unbiased measurements of the BAO position. We also fit each mock individually and study the population of BAO fits in order to validate BAO uncertainties and test our method for estimating the covariance matrix of the Lyα forest correlation functions. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results and identify the needs for the next generation of Lyα forest synthetic data sets, with the top priority being to simulate the effect of BAO broadening due to non-linear evolution.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationsLyman alpha forestdark energy experiments0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/978149tjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt978149tj/qt978149tj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/148articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01148oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6fc355042026-09-17T14:44:27Zqt6fc35504ELG spectroscopic systematics analysis of the DESI Data Release 1Yu, JRoss, AJRocher, AAlves, Ode Mattia, AForero-Sánchez, DKneib, JKrolewski, ALan, T-WRashkovetskyi, MAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBrooks, DChaussidon, EClaybaugh, Tde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDey, BiprateepDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHonscheid, KHowlett, CJuneau, SKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GWeaver, BAZarrouk, PZhao, CZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) uses more than 2.4 million Emission Line Galaxies (ELGs) for 3D large-scale structure (LSS) analyses in its Data Release 1 (DR1). Such large statistics enable thorough research on systematic uncertainties. In this study, we focus on spectroscopic systematics of ELGs. The redshift success rate (f goodz) is the relative fraction of secure redshifts among all measurements. It depends on observing conditions, thus introduces non-cosmological variations to the LSS. We, therefore, develop the redshift failure weight (w zfail) and a per-fibre correction (η zfail) to mitigate these dependences. They have minor influences on the galaxy clustering. For ELGs with a secure redshift, there are two subtypes of systematics: 1) catastrophics (large) that only occur in a few samples; 2) redshift uncertainty (small) that exists for all samples. The catastrophics represent 0.26% of the total DR1 ELGs, composed of the confusion between [O ii] and sky residuals, double objects, total catastrophics and others. We simulate the realistic 0.26% catastrophics of DR1 ELGs, the hypothetical 1% catastrophics, and the truncation of the contaminated 1.31 < z < 1.33 in the AbacusSummit ELG mocks. Their P ℓ show non-negligible bias from the uncontaminated mocks. But their influences on the redshift space distortions (RSD) parameters are smaller than 0.2σ. The redshift uncertainty of DR1 ELGs is 8.5km s-1 with a Lorentzian profile. The code for implementing the catastrophics and redshift uncertainty on mocks can be found in https://github.com/Jiaxi-Yu/modelling_spectro_sys.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSgalaxy clusteringgalaxy surveysredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fc35504https://escholarship.org/content/qt6fc35504/qt6fc35504.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/126articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01126oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0z21p7rc2026-09-17T14:39:01Zqt0z21p7rcCharacterization of contaminants in the Lyman-alpha forest auto-correlation with DESIGuy, JGontcho, S Gontcho AArmengaud, EBrodzeller, ACuceu, AFont-Ribera, AHerrera-Alcantar, HKKaraçaylı, NGMuñoz-Gutiérrez, APieri, MMPérez-Ràfols, IRamírez-Pérez, CRavoux, CRich, JWalther, MKarim, M AbdulAguilar, JAhlen, SBault, ABrooks, DClaybaugh, Tde la Cruz, Rde la Macorra, ADoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGonzalez-Morales, AXGutierrez, GHahn, CHonscheid, KJuneau, SKehoe, RKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMontero-Camacho, PMoustakas, JMueller, EMyers, ADNie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSilber, JSprayberry, DTan, TTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MZou, H2025-01-01Baryon Acoustic Oscillations can be measured with sub-percent precision above redshift two with the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest auto-correlation and its cross-correlation with quasar positions. This is one of the key goals of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) which started its main survey in May 2021. We present in this paper a study of the contaminants to the Lyα forest which are mainly caused by correlated signals introduced by the spectroscopic data processing pipeline as well as astrophysical contaminants due to foreground absorption in the intergalactic medium. Notably, an excess signal caused by the sky background subtraction noise is present in the Lyα auto-correlation in the first line-of-sight separation bin. We use synthetic data to isolate this contribution, we also characterize the effect of spectro-photometric calibration noise, and propose a simple model to account for both effects in the analysis of the Lyα forest. We then measure the auto-correlation of the quasar flux transmission fraction of low redshift quasars, where there is no Lyα forest absorption but only its contaminants. We demonstrate that we can interpret the data with a two-component model: data processing noise and triply ionized Silicon and Carbon auto-correlations. This result can be used to improve the modeling of the Lyα auto-correlation function measured with DESI.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationsdark energy experimentsLyman alpha forestredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0z21p7rchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0z21p7rc/qt0z21p7rc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/140articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01140oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20f4w28b2026-09-17T14:38:56Zqt20f4w28bValidation of the DESI 2024 Lyman alpha forest BAL masking strategyMartini, PCuceu, AEnnesser, LBrodzeller, AAguilar, JAhlen, SBrooks, DClaybaugh, Tde Belsunce, Rde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDoel, PForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGuy, JHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KKaraçaylı, NGKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALe Guillou, LManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMontero-Camacho, PMoustakas, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPérez-Ràfols, IPoppett, CPrada, FRavoux, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTan, TTarlé, GWalther, MWeaver, BAZou, H2025-01-01Broad absorption line quasars (BALs) exhibit blueshifted absorption relative to a number of their prominent broad emission features. These absorption features can contribute to quasar redshift errors and add absorption to the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest that is unrelated to large-scale structure. We present a detailed analysis of the impact of BALs on the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) results with the Lyα forest from the first year of data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). The baseline strategy for the first year analysis is to mask all pixels associated with all BAL absorption features that fall within the wavelength region used to measure the forest. We explore a range of alternate masking strategies and demonstrate that these changes have minimal impact on the BAO measurements with both DESI data and synthetic data. This includes when we mask the BAL features associated with emission lines outside of the forest region to minimize their contribution to redshift errors. We identify differences in the properties of BALs in the synthetic datasets relative to the observational data, as well as use the synthetic observations to characterize the completeness of the BAL identification algorithm, and demonstrate that incompleteness and differences in the BALs between real and synthetic data also do not impact the BAO results for the Lyα forest.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationsdark energy experimentsLyman alpha forest0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20f4w28bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt20f4w28b/qt20f4w28b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/137articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01137oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt746597bw2026-09-17T14:38:52Zqt746597bwComparing Compressed and Full-Modeling analyses with FOLPS: implications for DESI 2024 and beyondNoriega, HEAviles, AGil-Marín, HRamirez-Solano, SFromenteau, SVargas-Magaña, MAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OBrieden, SBrooks, DCervantes-Cota, JLChen, SClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADoel, PFindlay, NForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHonscheid, KHou, JHowlett, CIshak, MJuneau, SLai, YLandriau, MManera, MMaus, MMiquel, RMorales-Navarrete, GMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CRezaie, MRocher, ARossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GVerde, LYuan, SZarrouk, PZou, H2025-01-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will provide unprecedented information about the large-scale structure of our Universe. In this work, we study the robustness of the theoretical modelling of the power spectrum of Folps, a novel effective field theory-based package for evaluating the redshift space power spectrum in the presence of massive neutrinos. We perform this validation by fitting the AbacusSummit high-accuracy N-body simulations for Luminous Red Galaxies, Emission Line Galaxies and Quasar tracers, calibrated to describe DESI observations. We quantify the potential systematic error budget of Folps finding that the modelling errors are fully sub-dominant for the DESI statistical precision within the studied range of scales. Additionally, we study two complementary approaches to fit and analyse the power spectrum data, one based on direct Full-Modelling fits and the other on the ShapeFit compression variables, both resulting in very good agreement in precision and accuracy. In each of these approaches, we study a set of potential systematic errors induced by several assumptions, such as the choice of template cosmology, the effect of prior choice in the nuisance parameters of the model, or the range of scales used in the analysis. Furthermore, we show how opening up the parameter space beyond the vanilla ΛCDM model affects the DESI observables. These studies include the addition of massive neutrinos, spatial curvature, and dark energy equation of state. We also examine how relaxing the usual Cosmic Microwave Background and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis priors on the primordial spectral index and the baryonic matter abundance, respectively, impacts the inference on the rest of the parameters of interest. This paper pathways towards performing a robust and reliable analysis of the shape of the power spectrum of DESI galaxy and quasar clustering using Folps.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)galaxy clusterspower spectrum0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/746597bwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt746597bw/qt746597bw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/136articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01136oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5mz2b76f2026-09-17T14:38:48Zqt5mz2b76fHOD-dependent systematics for luminous red galaxies in the DESI 2024 BAO analysisMena-Fernández, JGarcia-Quintero, CYuan, SHadzhiyska, BAlves, ORashkovetskyi, MSeo, HPadmanabhan, NNadathur, SHowlett, CAlam, SRocher, ARoss, AJSanchez, EIshak, MAguilar, JAhlen, SAndrade, UBenZvi, SBrooks, DBurtin, EChen, SChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADey, ArjunDey, BDing, ZDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GGuy, JHahn, CHonscheid, KJuneau, SKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMedina-Varela, LMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPérez-Fernández, ARosado-Marin, ARossi, GRuggeri, RSaulder, CSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MWeaver, BAYu, JZhang, HZou, H2025-01-01In this paper, we present the estimation of systematics related to the halo occupation distribution (HOD) modeling in the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) distance measurement of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) 2024 analysis. This paper focuses on the study of HOD systematics for luminous red galaxies (LRG). We consider three different HOD models for LRGs, including the base 5-parameter vanilla model and two extensions to it, that we refer to as baseline and extended models. The baseline model is described by the 5 vanilla HOD parameters, an incompleteness factor and a velocity bias parameter, whereas the extended one also includes a galaxy assembly bias and a satellite profile parameter. We utilize the 25 dark matter simulations available in the AbacusSummit simulation suite at z=0.8 and generate mock catalogs for our different HOD models. To test the impact of the HOD modeling in the position of the BAO peak, we run BAO fits for all these sets of simulations and compare the best-fit BAO-scaling parameters α iso and α AP between every pair of HOD models. We do this for both Fourier and configuration spaces independently, using post-reconstruction measurements. We find a 3.3σ detection of HOD systematic for α AP in configuration space with an amplitude of 0.19%. For the other cases, we did not find a 3σ detection, and we decided to compute a conservative estimation of the systematic using the ensemble of shifts between all pairs of HOD models. By doing this, we quote a systematic with an amplitude of 0.07% in α iso for both Fourier and configuration spaces; and of 0.09% in α AP for Fourier space.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)baryon acoustic oscillationsgalaxy clusteringgalaxy surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mz2b76fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5mz2b76f/qt5mz2b76f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/133articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01133oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6jn2057t2026-09-17T14:38:43Zqt6jn2057tAn analysis of parameter compression and Full-Modeling techniques with Velocileptors for DESI 2024 and beyondMaus, MChen, SWhite, MAguilar, JAhlen, SAviles, ABrieden, SBrooks, DClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDoel, PFerraro, SFindlay, NForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AHahn, CHonscheid, KHowlett, CIshak, MJuneau, SKremin, ALai, YLandriau, MLevi, MEManera, MMiquel, RMueller, EMyers, ADNadathur, SNie, JNoriega, HEPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CRamirez-Solano, SRezaie, MRocher, ARossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MWeaver, BAYuan, SZarrouk, PZhang, HZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01In anticipation of forthcoming data releases of current and future spectroscopic surveys, we present the validation tests and analysis of systematic effects within velocileptors modeling pipeline when fitting mock data from the AbacusSummit N-body simulations. We compare the constraints obtained from parameter compression methods to the direct fitting (Full-Modeling) approaches of modeling the galaxy power spectra, and show that the ShapeFit extension to the traditional template method is consistent with the Full-Modeling method within the standard ΛCDM parameter space. We show the dependence on scale cuts when fitting the different redshift bins using the ShapeFit and Full-Modeling methods. We test the ability to jointly fit data from multiple redshift bins as well as joint analysis of the pre-reconstruction power spectrum with the post-reconstruction BAO correlation function signal. We further demonstrate the behavior of the model when opening up the parameter space beyond ΛCDM and also when combining likelihoods with external datasets, namely the Planck CMB priors. Finally, we describe different parametrization options for the galaxy bias, counterterm, and stochastic parameters, and employ the halo model in order to physically motivate suitable priors that are necessary to ensure the stability of the perturbation theory.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)cosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumbaryon acoustic oscillationsredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jn2057thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6jn2057t/qt6jn2057t.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/138articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01138oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9c75z2jn2026-09-17T14:38:33Zqt9c75z2jnDESI 2024 IV: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman alpha forestAdame, AGAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlexander, DMAlvarez, MAlves, OAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAvila, SAviles, AAwan, HBailey, SBaltay, CBault, ABautista, JBehera, JBenZvi, SBeutler, FBianchi, DBlake, CBlum, RBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCereskaite, RCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChen, SChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde la Cruz, Rde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDey, ADey, BDing, JDing, ZDoel, PEdelstein, JEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJElliott, AFagrelius, PFanning, KFerraro, SEreza, JFindlay, NFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Sánchez, DForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGonzalez-Perez, VGordon, CGreen, DGruen, DGsponer, RGutierrez, GGuy, JHadzhiyska, BHahn, CHanif, MMSHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIršič, VIshak, MJuneau, SKaraçaylı, NGKehoe, RKent, SKirkby, DKremin, AKrolewski, ALai, YLan, T-WLandriau, MLang, DLasker, JLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, L2025-01-01We present the measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest of high-redshift quasars with the first-year dataset of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Our analysis uses over 420 000 Lyα forest spectra and their correlation with the spatial distribution of more than 700 000 quasars. An essential facet of this work is the development of a new analysis methodology on a blinded dataset. We conducted rigorous tests using synthetic data to ensure the reliability of our methodology and findings before unblinding. Additionally, we conducted multiple data splits to assess the consistency of the results and scrutinized various analysis approaches to confirm their robustness. For a given value of the sound horizon (rd ), we measure the expansion at z eff = 2.33 with 2% precision, H(z eff) = ( 239.2 ± 4.8 ) (147.09 Mpc /rd ) km/s/Mpc. Similarly, we present a 2.4% measurement of the transverse comoving distance to the same redshift, DM (z eff) = ( 5.84 ± 0.14 ) (rd /147.09 Mpc) Gpc. Together with other DESI BAO measurements at lower redshifts, these results are used in a companion paper to constrain cosmological parameters.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSLyman alpha forestredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9c75z2jnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9c75z2jn/qt9c75z2jn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/124articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01124oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0gx418372026-09-17T14:38:11Zqt0gx41837YouTube's Future - And Yes, it Has OneLichtman, Douglas2007-01-01In 2006, Paramount Pictures partnered with other Viacom subsidiaries to sue YouTube (the online video-sharing site) for copyright infringement. Ever since, the nation’s newspapers, blogs and airwaves have been abuzz with commentary. Many commentators have taken the position that Paramount and Viacom are wrong on the law. YouTube, we are told, has no responsibility for the harm it causes; it is immune under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Other commentators, by contrast, have conceded that Paramount is right on the law, only to complain that a valuable and exciting distribution technology is about to be lost. In this short Essay, I argue that neither of these views could be farther from the truth. The DMCA does not protect YouTube because YouTube is not a “storage” provider. Yet YouTube will survive even without DMCA protection, because conventional copyright doctrines - including the rules of contributory and vicarious infringement and the defense of fair use - already create a balanced legal regime that will give YouTube the space it needs to develop while at the same time forcing it to do what it should have been doing all along: take steps that would, at a reasonable cost, reduce infringement without substantially interfering with legitimate use.DMCADigital Millennium Copyrightsafe harborcopyrightfair useYouTubeGooglestoragecontributoryvicariousfair useapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gx41837https://escholarship.org/content/qt0gx41837/qt0gx41837.pdfarticleProgress & Freedom Foundation, Bulletin, vol 2.3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2dt5w83t2026-09-17T14:38:10Zqt2dt5w83tDESI 2024 VI: cosmological constraints from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillationsAdame, AGAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlexander, DMAlvarez, MAlves, OAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAvila, SAviles, AAwan, HBahr-Kalus, BBailey, SBaltay, CBault, ABehera, JBenZvi, SBera, ABeutler, FBianchi, DBlake, CBlum, RBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCereskaite, RCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChen, SChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDey, ADey, BDing, ZDoel, PEdelstein, JEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJElliott, AFagrelius, PFanning, KFerraro, SEreza, JFindlay, NFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Sánchez, DForero-Romero, JEFrenk, CSGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGonzalez-Perez, VGordon, CGreen, DGruen, DGsponer, RGutierrez, GGuy, JHadzhiyska, BHahn, CHanif, MMSHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIršič, VIshak, MJuneau, SKaraçaylı, NGKehoe, RKent, SKirkby, DKremin, AKrolewski, ALai, YLan, T-WLandriau, MLang, DLasker, JLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, L2025-02-01We present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-α forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide robust measurements of the transverse comoving distance and Hubble rate, or their combination, relative to the sound horizon, in seven redshift bins from over 6 million extragalactic objects in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 4.2. To mitigate confirmation bias, a blind analysis was implemented to measure the BAO scales. DESI BAO data alone are consistent with the standard flat ΛCDM cosmological model with a matter density Ωm=0.295±0.015. Paired with a baryon density prior from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the robustly measured acoustic angular scale from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), DESI requires H 0=(68.52±0.62) km s-1 Mpc-1. In conjunction with CMB anisotropies from Planck and CMB lensing data from Planck and ACT, we find Ωm=0.307± 0.005 and H 0=(67.97±0.38) km s-1 Mpc-1. Extending the baseline model with a constant dark energy equation of state parameter w, DESI BAO alone require w=-0.99+0.15 -0.13. In models with a time-varying dark energy equation of state parametrised by w 0 and wa , combinations of DESI with CMB or with type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) individually prefer w 0 > -1 and wa < 0. This preference is 2.6σ for the DESI+CMB combination, and persists or grows when SN Ia are added in, giving results discrepant with the ΛCDM model at the 2.5σ, 3.5σ or 3.9σ levels for the addition of the Pantheon+, Union3, or DES-SN5YR supernova datasets respectively. For the flat ΛCDM model with the sum of neutrino mass ∑ mν free, combining the DESI and CMB data yields an upper limit ∑ mν < 0.072 (0.113) eV at 95% confidence for a ∑ mν > 0 (∑ mν > 0.059) eV prior. These neutrino-mass constraints are substantially relaxed if the background dynamics are allowed to deviate from flat ΛCDM.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSdark energy experimentsneutrino masses from cosmology0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dt5w83thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2dt5w83t/qt2dt5w83t.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/02/021articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 02021oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0gp234jq2026-09-17T14:38:02Zqt0gp234jqMacaqueNet: Advancing comparative behavioural research through large‐scale collaborationDe Moor, DelphineSkelton, MacaelaMacaqueNetAmici, FedericaArlet, Malgorzata EBalasubramaniam, Krishna NBallesta, SébastienBerghänel, AndreasBerman, Carol MBernstein, Sofia KBhattacharjee, DebottamBliss‐Moreau, ElizaBrotcorne, FanyButovskaya, MarinaCampbell, Liz ADCarosi, MonicaChatterjee, MayukhCooper, Matthew ACowl, Veronica BDe la O, ClaudioDe Marco, AriannaDettmer, Amanda MDhawale, Ashni KErinjery, Joseph JEvans, Cara LFischer, JuliaGarcía‐Nisa, IvánGiraud, GwennanHammer, RoyHansen, Malene FHolzner, AnnaKaburu, StefanoKonečná, MartinaKumara, Honnavalli NLarrivaz, MarineLeca, Jean‐BaptisteLegrand, MathieuLehmann, JuliaLi, Jin‐HuaLezé, Anne‐SophieMacIntosh, AndrewMajolo, BonaventuraMaréchal, LaëtitiaMarty, Pascal RMassen, Jorg JMMaulany, Risma IllaMcCowan, BrendaMcFarland, RichardMerieau, PierreMeunier, HélèneMicheletta, JérômeMishra, Partha SSah, Shahrul AMMolesti, SandraMorrow, Kristen SMüller‐Klein, NadineNgakan, Putu OkaPalagi, ElisabettaPetit, OdilePflüger, Lena Sdi Sorrentino, Eugenia PolizziRaghaven, RoopaliRaimbault, GaëlRam, SunitaReichard, Ulrich HRiley, Erin PRincon, Alan VRuppert, NadineSadoughi, BaptisteSanthosh, KumarSchino, GabrieleSheeran, Lori KSilk, Joan BSingh, MewaSinha, AnindyaSosa, SebastianStribos, Mathieu SSueur, CédricTiddi, BarbaraTkaczynski, Patrick JTrebouet, FlorianWiddig, AnjaWhitehouse, JamieWooddell, Lauren JXia, Dong‐Povon Fersen, LorenzoYoung, ChristopherSchülke, OliverOstner, JuliaNeumann, ChristofDuboscq, JulieBrent, Lauren JN2025-04-01There is a vast and ever-accumulating amount of behavioural data on individually recognised animals, an incredible resource to shed light on the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in animal behaviour. Yet, the full potential of such data lies in comparative research across taxa with distinct life histories and ecologies. Substantial challenges impede systematic comparisons, one of which is the lack of persistent, accessible and standardised databases. Big-team approaches to building standardised databases offer a solution to facilitating reliable cross-species comparisons. By sharing both data and expertise among researchers, these approaches ensure that valuable data, which might otherwise go unused, become easier to discover, repurpose and synthesise. Additionally, such large-scale collaborations promote a culture of sharing within the research community, incentivising researchers to contribute their data by ensuring their interests are considered through clear sharing guidelines. Active communication with the data contributors during the standardisation process also helps avoid misinterpretation of the data, ultimately improving the reliability of comparative databases. Here, we introduce MacaqueNet, a global collaboration of over 100 researchers (https://macaquenet.github.io/) aimed at unlocking the wealth of cross-species data for research on macaque social behaviour. The MacaqueNet database encompasses data from 1981 to the present on 61 populations across 14 species and is the first publicly searchable and standardised database on affiliative and agonistic animal social behaviour. We describe the establishment of MacaqueNet, from the steps we took to start a large-scale collective, to the creation of a cross-species collaborative database and the implementation of data entry and retrieval protocols. We share MacaqueNet's component resources: an R package for data standardisation, website code, the relational database structure, a glossary and data sharing terms of use. With all these components openly accessible, MacaqueNet can act as a fully replicable template for future endeavours establishing large-scale collaborative comparative databases.3109 Zoology (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology) (hrcs-rac)1.5 Resources and infrastructure (underpinning) (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)BehaviorAnimal (mesh)Social Behavior (mesh)Macaca (mesh)Behavioral Research (mesh)Cooperative Behavior (mesh)comparative researchdata sharingdatabase<italic>Macaca</italic>primatesrepositorysocial networksteam scienceMacaqueNetAnimals (mesh)Macaca (mesh)BehaviorAnimal (mesh)Social Behavior (mesh)Cooperative Behavior (mesh)Behavioral Research (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)Macacacomparative researchdata sharingdatabaseprimatesrepositorysocial networksteam scienceAnimals (mesh)DatabasesFactual (mesh)BehaviorAnimal (mesh)Social Behavior (mesh)Macaca (mesh)Behavioral Research (mesh)Cooperative Behavior (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3109 Zoology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gp234jqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0gp234jq/qt0gp234jq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/1365-2656.14223articleJournal of Animal Ecology, vol 94, iss 4519 - 534oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6k89f40w2026-09-17T14:37:24Zqt6k89f40wGuiding Cell Migration with Electric Fields: Mechanisms and Applications of Galvanotaxis.Zhao, MinZhang, YanZhu, KanReid, Brian2026-08-01Electric field-guided cell migration, known as galvanotaxis or electrotaxis, has garnered great interest as an engineering manipulation but has not been widely considered physiologically relevant. Here we provide experimental evidence proving galvanotaxis is a fundamental biological process, like chemotaxis, and show that the application of electric fields provides a powerful engineering approach. We will review our understanding of (1) endogenous electric fields naturally found in biological systems; (2) galvanotaxis of different cell types; and (3) sensing and signaling mechanisms of galvanotaxis. We reason that the bioelectrical mechanism is likely to be part of the environmental cues that cells and tissues integrate to make motility decisions.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Cell Movement (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Animals (mesh)Chemotaxis (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Taxis Response (mesh)Electricity (mesh)Humans (mesh)Animals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Electricity (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Cell Movement (mesh)Chemotaxis (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Taxis Response (mesh)Cell Movement (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Animals (mesh)Chemotaxis (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Taxis Response (mesh)Electricity (mesh)Humans (mesh)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k89f40whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6k89f40w/qt6k89f40w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1101/cshperspect.a041744articleCold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, vol 18, iss 8a041744oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9qx495x62026-09-17T14:34:18Zqt9qx495x6Search for boosted low-mass resonances decaying into hadrons produced in association with a photon in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAakvaag, EAbbott, BAbdelhameed, SAbeling, KAbicht, NJAbidi, SHAboelela, MAboulhorma, AAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAckermann, AAdam Bourdarios, CAdamczyk, LAddepalli, SVAddison, MJAdelman, JAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgaras, MNAgarwala, JAggarwal, AAgheorghiesei, CAhmadov, FAhmed, WSAhuja, SAi, XAielli, GAikot, AAit Tamlihat, MAitbenchikh, BAkbiyik, MÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAkiyama, DAkolkar, NNAktas, SAl Khoury, KAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlbouy, GLAlderweireldt, SAlegria, ZLAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlfonsi, FAlgren, MAlhroob, MAli, BAli, HMJAli, SAlibocus, SWAliev, MAlimonti, GAlkakhi, WAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, JFAllendes Flores, CAAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlsolami, ZMKAlvarez Estevez, MAlvarez Fernandez, AAlves Cardoso, MAlviggi, MGAly, MAmaral Coutinho, YAmbler, AAmelung, CAmerl, MAmes, CGAmidei, DAmini, BAmirie, KJAmor Dos Santos, SPAmos, KRAmperiadou, DAn, SAnaniev, VAnastopoulos, CAndeen, TAnders, JKAnderson, ACAndrean, SYAndreazza, AAngelidakis, SAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, C2025-01-21Many extensions of the Standard Model, including those with dark matter particles, propose new mediator particles that decay into hadrons. This paper presents a search for such low mass narrow resonances decaying into hadrons using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The resonances are searched for in the invariant mass spectrum of large-radius jets with two-pronged substructure that are recoiling against an energetic photon from initial state radiation, which is used as a trigger to circumvent limitations on the maximum data recording rate. This technique enables the search for boosted hadronically decaying resonances in the mass range 20–100 GeV hitherto unprobed by the ATLAS Collaboration. The observed data are found to agree with Standard Model predictions and 95% confidence level upper limits are set on the coupling of a hypothetical new spin-1 Z′ resonance with Standard Model quarks as a function of the assumed Z′-boson mass in the range between 20 and 200 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron ScatteringParticle and Resonance Production0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qx495x6https://escholarship.org/content/qt9qx495x6/qt9qx495x6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep01(2025)099articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2025, iss 199oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9kg2s7vk2026-09-17T14:33:58Zqt9kg2s7vkA novel DPH5-related diphthamide-deficiency syndrome causing embryonic lethality or profound neurodevelopmental disorderShankar, Suma PGrimsrud, KristinLanoue, LouiseEgense, AlenaWillis, BrandonHörberg, JohannaAlAbdiMayer, KlausÜtkür, KorayMonaghan, Kristin GKrier, JoelStoler, JoanAlnemer, MahaShankar, Prabhu RSchaffrath, RaffaelAlkuraya, Fowzan SBrinkmann, UlrichEriksson, Leif ALloyd, KentRauen, Katherine ANetwork, Undiagnosed DiseasesAcosta, Maria TAdam, MargaretAdams, David RAlvey, JustinAmendola, LauraAndrews, AshleyAshley, Euan AAzamian, Mahshid SBacino, Carlos ABademci, GuneyBalasubramanyam, AshokBaldridge, DustinBale, JimBamshad, MichaelBarbouth, DeborahBayrak-Toydemir, PinarBeck, AnitaBeggs, Alan HBehrens, EdwardBejerano, GillBennet, JimmyBerg-Rood, BeverlyBernstein, Jonathan ABerry, Gerard TBican, AnnaBivona, StephanieBlue, ElizabethBohnsack, JohnBonner, DevonBotto, LorenzoBoyd, BrennaBriere, Lauren CBrokamp, EllyBrown, GabrielleBurke, Elizabeth ABurrage, Lindsay CButte, Manish JByers, PeterByrd, William ECarey, JohnCarrasquillo, OlveenCassini, ThomasChang, Ta Chen PeterChanprasert, SirisakChao, Hsiao-TuanClark, Gary DCoakley, Terra RCobban, Laurel ACogan, Joy DCoggins, MatthewCole, F SessionsColley, Heather ACooper, Cynthia MCope, HeidiCraigen, William JCrouse, Andrew BCunningham, MichaelD'Souza, PrecillaDai, HongzhengDasari, SurendraDavis, JoieDayal, Jyoti GDeardorff, MatthewDell'Angelica, Esteban CDipple, KatrinaDoherty, DanielDorrani, NaghmehDoss, Argenia LDouine, Emilie DDuncan, LauraEarl, DawnEckstein, David JEmrick, Lisa TEng, Christine MEsteves, CeciliaFalk, MarniFernandez, LilianaFieg, Elizabeth LFisher, Paul G2022-07-01PURPOSE: Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine essential for messenger RNA translation and ribosomal protein synthesis. We present evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality and profound neurodevelopmental delays (NDDs).
METHODS: Molecular testing was performed using exome or genome sequencing. A targeted Dph5 knockin mouse (C57BL/6Ncrl-Dph5em1Mbp/Mmucd) was created for a DPH5 p.His260Arg homozygous variant identified in 1 family. Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation assays in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells and in silico modeling were performed for the identified DPH5 potential pathogenic variants.
RESULTS: DPH5 variants p.His260Arg (homozygous), p.Asn110Ser and p.Arg207Ter (heterozygous), and p.Asn174LysfsTer10 (homozygous) were identified in 3 unrelated families with distinct overlapping craniofacial features, profound NDDs, multisystem abnormalities, and miscarriages. Dph5 p.His260Arg homozygous knockin was embryonically lethal with only 1 subviable mouse exhibiting impaired growth, craniofacial dysmorphology, and multisystem dysfunction recapitulating the human phenotype. Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation assays showed absent to decreased function in DPH5-knockout human and yeast cells. In silico modeling of the variants showed altered DPH5 structure and disruption of its interaction with eEF2.
CONCLUSION: We provide strong clinical, biochemical, and functional evidence for DPH5 as a novel cause of embryonic lethality or profound NDDs with multisystem involvement and expand diphthamide-deficiency syndromes and ribosomopathies.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Congenital Structural Anomalies (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Adenosine Diphosphate (mesh)Animals (mesh)Histidine (mesh)Humans (mesh)Methyltransferases (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred C57BL (mesh)Neurodevelopmental Disorders (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Syndrome (mesh)Nonverbal neurodevelopment delaysNovel gene discoveryPrecision animal modelingPrecision genomicsTranslational geneticsUndiagnosed Diseases NetworkAnimals (mesh)MiceInbred C57BL (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Syndrome (mesh)Methyltransferases (mesh)Histidine (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Adenosine Diphosphate (mesh)Neurodevelopmental Disorders (mesh)Nonverbal neurodevelopment delaysNovel gene discoveryPrecision animal modelingPrecision genomicsTranslational geneticsAdenosine Diphosphate (mesh)Animals (mesh)Histidine (mesh)Humans (mesh)Methyltransferases (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred C57BL (mesh)Neurodevelopmental Disorders (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Syndrome (mesh)0604 Genetics (for)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)Genetics & Heredity (science-metrix)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kg2s7vkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9kg2s7vk/qt9kg2s7vk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.gim.2022.03.014articleGenetics in Medicine, vol 24, iss 71567 - 1582oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7hs0f3q92026-09-17T14:29:48Zqt7hs0f3q9Algorithmically detected rain-on-snow flood events in different climate datasets: a case study of the Susquehanna River basinZarzycki, Colin MAscher, Benjamin DRhoades, Alan MMcCrary, Rachel R2024-09-30Rain-on-snow (RoS) events in regions of ephemeral snowpack – such as the northeastern United States – can be key drivers of cool-season flooding. We describe an automated algorithm for detecting basin-scale RoS events in gridded climate data by generating an area-averaged time series and then searching for periods of concurrent precipitation, surface runoff, and snowmelt exceeding predefined thresholds. When evaluated using historical data over the Susquehanna River basin (SRB), the technique credibly finds RoS events in published literature and flags events that are followed by anomalously high streamflow as measured by gauge data along the river. When comparing four different datasets representing the same 21-year period, we find large differences in RoS event magnitude and frequency, primarily driven by differences in estimated surface runoff and snowmelt. Using dataset-specific thresholds improves agreement between datasets but does not account for all discrepancies. We show that factors such as meteorological forcing and coupling frequency, as well as choice of land surface model, play roles in how data products capture these compound extremes and suggest care is to be taken when climate datasets are used by stakeholders for operational decision-making.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)0403 Geology (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0911 Maritime Engineering (for)StrategicDefence & Security Studies (science-metrix)3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience (for-2020)4406 Human geography (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hs0f3q9https://escholarship.org/content/qt7hs0f3q9/qt7hs0f3q9.pdfinfo:doi/10.5194/nhess-24-3315-2024articleNatural Hazards and Earth System Science, vol 24, iss 103315 - 3335oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt05c932832026-09-17T14:25:52Zqt05c93283Bewildering biogeography: Waves of dispersal and diversification across southern Wallacea by bent-toed geckos (genus: Cyrtodactylus)Reilly, Sean BStubbs, Alexander LKarin, Benjamin RArida, EvyArifin, UmilaelaHamidy, AmirKaiser, HinrichBi, KeRiyanto, AwalIskandar, Djoko TMcGuire, Jimmy A2023-09-01Bent-toed Geckos, genus Cyrtodactylus, are one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate groups, and their range extends from South Asia into Australo-Papua and adjacent Pacific islands. Given the generally high faunal endemism on Wallacean islands, it is rather paradoxical that the diversity in these geckos appears to be so low (21 species in Wallacea, 15 in the Philippines) compared with continental shelf assemblages (>300 species on Sunda + Sahul Shelves + adjacent islands). To determine whether this shortfall was real or an artifact of historical undersampling, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequences of hundreds of southern Wallacean samples (Lesser Sundas + southern Maluku). After screening to guide sample selection for target capture data collection, we obtained a 1150-locus genomic dataset (1,476,505 bp) for 119 samples of southern Wallacean and closely related lineages. The results suggest that species diversity of Cyrtodactylus in southern Wallacea is vastly underestimated, with phylogenomic and clustering analyses suggesting as many as 25 candidate species, in contrast to the 8 currently described. Gene exchange between adjacent candidate species is absent or minimal across the archipelago with only one case of > 0.5 migrants per generation. Biogeographical analysis suggests that the hitherto unrecognized diversity is the result of at least three independent dispersals from Sulawesi or its offshore islands into southern Wallacea between 6 and 14 Ma, with one invasion producing small-bodied geckos and the other two or three producing larger-bodied geckos. The smaller-bodied laevigatus group appears to be able to coexist with members of either larger-bodied clade, but we have yet to find members of the two larger-bodied clades occurring in sympatry, suggesting that ecological partitioning or competitive exclusion may be shaping individual island assemblages.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3104 Evolutionary Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)14 Life Below Water (sdg)Animals (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Indonesia (mesh)Philippines (mesh)Coleoptera (mesh)Lizards (mesh)BiogeographyGenomicsIslandsLizardsPhylogeographyReptilesAnimals (mesh)Lizards (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Indonesia (mesh)Philippines (mesh)Coleoptera (mesh)BiogeographyGenomicsIslandsLizardsPhylogeographyReptilesAnimals (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Indonesia (mesh)Philippines (mesh)Coleoptera (mesh)Lizards (mesh)0603 Evolutionary Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)0608 Zoology (for)Evolutionary Biology (science-metrix)3104 Evolutionary biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)3109 Zoology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/05c93283https://escholarship.org/content/qt05c93283/qt05c93283.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107853articleMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol 186107853oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5fh213762026-09-17T14:25:40Zqt5fh21376Generalizing to new geometries with Geometry-Aware Autoregressive Models (GAAMs) for fast calorimeter simulationLiu, JunzeGhosh, AishikSmith, DylanBaldi, PierreWhiteson, Daniel2023-11-01Generation of simulated detector response to collision products is crucial to data analysis in particle physics, but computationally very expensive. One subdetector, the calorimeter, dominates the computational time due to the high granularity of its cells and complexity of the interactions. Generative models can provide more rapid sample production, but currently require significant effort to optimize performance for specific detector geometries, often requiring many models to describe the varying cell sizes and arrangements, without the ability to generalize to other geometries. We develop a geometry-aware autoregressive model, which learns how the calorimeter response varies with geometry, and is capable of generating simulated responses to unseen geometries without additional training. The geometry-aware model outperforms a baseline unaware model by over 50% in several metrics such as the Wasserstein distance between the generated and the true distributions of key quantities which summarize the simulated response. A single geometry-aware model could replace the hundreds of generative models currently designed for calorimeter simulation by physicists analyzing data collected at the Large Hadron Collider. This proof-of-concept study motivates the design of a foundational model that will be a crucial tool for the study of future detectors, dramatically reducing the large upfront investment usually needed to develop generative calorimeter models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CalorimetersDetector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matterinteraction of photons with matterinteraction of hadrons with matteretc)Simulation methods and programs02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fh21376https://escholarship.org/content/qt5fh21376/qt5fh21376.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11003articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 18, iss 11p11003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9mp0w0mw2026-09-17T14:25:08Zqt9mp0w0mwGoogle Book Search in the Gridlock EconomyLichtman, Douglas2011-01-01Michael Heller’s The Gridlock Economy popularizes a concept that Heller has developed over nearly two decades of influential academic writing: the notion that, when it comes to property rights, too many rights-endowed cooks really can spoil the broth. I was asked in this conference to apply Heller’s insight to the Google Book Search project, and the request at first seemed natural. Heller himself suggested that Google Book Search might be an apt poster child for the gridlock phenomenon; Google likewise can often be heard to complain, in Heller-esque tones, that the only way to build a comprehensive search engine for books is to take the books without asking. This Essay, however, questions the example and offers a refinement on Heller’s theory. Gridlock, I argue, is not simply a catch-all for situations where a large number of permissions are in play. It is more narrowly a reference to situations where a large number of permissions are in play, and those permissions intertwine.HellergridlockGridlock EconomyGoogle BooksGoogle Book Searchcopyrightfair useapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mp0w0mwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9mp0w0mw/qt9mp0w0mw.pdfarticleArizona Law Review, vol 53151oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt35q940n52026-09-17T14:25:00Zqt35q940n5Building the Case for Localized Approaches to HIV: Structural Conditions and Health System Capacity to Address the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Six US CitiesPanagiotoglou, DOlding, MEnns, BFeaster, DJdel Rio, CMetsch, LRGranich, RMStrathdee, SAMarshall, BDLGolden, MRShoptaw, SSchackman, BRNosyk, Bthe Localized HIV Modeling Study Group2018-09-01Since the discovery of the secondary preventive benefits of antiretroviral therapy, national and international governing bodies have called for countries to reach 90% diagnosis, ART engagement and viral suppression among people living with HIV/AIDS. The US HIV epidemic is dispersed primarily across large urban centers, each with different underlying epidemiological and structural features. We selected six US cities, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and Seattle, with the objective of demonstrating the breadth of epidemiological and structural differences affecting the HIV/AIDS response across the US. We synthesized current and publicly-available surveillance, legal statutes, entitlement and discretionary funding, and service location data for each city. The vast differences we observed in each domain reinforce disparities in access to HIV treatment and prevention, and necessitate targeted, localized strategies to optimize the limited resources available for each city’s HIV/AIDS response.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Health Disparities (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Capacity Building (mesh)Community Health Planning (mesh)Epidemics (mesh)FinancingGovernment (mesh)Government Programs (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)Health Resources (mesh)Healthcare Disparities (mesh)Humans (mesh)Population Surveillance (mesh)Secondary Prevention (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)United States (mesh)Urban Population (mesh)HIVHealth systemPolicyEpidemiologyLocalized HIV Modeling Study GroupHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Population Surveillance (mesh)Government Programs (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)Urban Population (mesh)FinancingGovernment (mesh)Health Resources (mesh)Community Health Planning (mesh)United States (mesh)Healthcare Disparities (mesh)Secondary Prevention (mesh)Capacity Building (mesh)Epidemics (mesh)EpidemiologyHIVHealth systemPolicyAnti-HIV Agents (mesh)Capacity Building (mesh)Community Health Planning (mesh)Epidemics (mesh)FinancingGovernment (mesh)Government Programs (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)Health Resources (mesh)Healthcare Disparities (mesh)Humans (mesh)Population Surveillance (mesh)Secondary Prevention (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)United States (mesh)Urban Population (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1607 Social Work (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/35q940n5info:doi/10.1007/s10461-018-2166-6articleAIDS and Behavior, vol 22, iss 93071 - 3082oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2wc3m7x52026-09-17T14:22:03Zqt2wc3m7x5Chapter 5 Trace metal nutrition and response to deficiencyBlaby-Haas, Crysten EMerchant, Sabeeha S2023-01-01Metals are nutritionally essential because of their indispensable function as catalysts in proteins. Accordingly, strategies for handling deficiencies are multilayered to cover wide concentration ranges and multifaceted to ensure selectivity, and include regulated transport of metal ions across membranes, intracellular compartmentalization, and metal-sparing/recycling to optimize metal-use efficiency. Overlaid on these processes are additional circuits that respond to the metabolic state of the cell. The guiding principles underlying metal homeostasis strategies is to ensure a supply of metal ions to metal-dependent proteins while avoiding potential toxicity of excess metal ions. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has served as an advantageous reference organism for the discovery and understanding of metal homeostasis mechanisms at the molecular and systems levels. New experimental resources, such as genomics, RNAseq, proteomics, and subcellular metal imaging, combined with classic genetic and biochemical analyses are bringing us closer to a molecular understanding of supply dynamics and acclimation in Chlamydomonas and beyond.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Nutrition (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wc3m7x5https://escholarship.org/content/qt2wc3m7x5/qt2wc3m7x5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/b978-0-12-821430-5.00002-xchapteroai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5fp2p47j2026-09-17T14:21:33Zqt5fp2p47jMulti-Tiered Assessment of Gene Expression Provides Evidence for Mechanisms That Underlie Risk for Type 2 DiabetesAsam, KesavaLewis, Kimberly AKober, KordGong, XingyueKanaya, Alka MAouizerat, Bradley EFlowers, Elena2023-12-31Introduction: Integrated transcriptome and microRNA differential gene expression (DEG) analyses may help to explain type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis in at-risk populations. The purpose of this study was to characterize DEG in banked biospecimens from underactive adult participants who responded to a randomized clinical trial measuring the effects of lifestyle interventions on T2D risk factors. DEGs were further examined within the context of annotated biological pathways.
Methods: Participants (n = 52) in a previously completed clinical trial that assessed a 12-week behavioural intervention for T2D risk reduction were included. Participants who showed >6mg/dL decrease in fasting blood glucose were identified as responders. Gene expression was measured by RNASeq, and overrepresentation analysis within KEGG pathways and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were performed.
Results: No genes remained significantly differentially expressed after correction for multiple comparisons. One module derived by WGCNA related to body mass index was identified, which contained genes located in KEGG pathways related to known mechanisms underlying risk for T2D as well as pathways related to neurodegeneration and protein misfolding. A network analysis showed indirect connections between genes in this module and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), which has previously been hypothesized as a mechanism for T2D.
Discussion: We validated prior studies that showed pathways related to metabolism, inflammation/immunity, and endocrine/hormone function are related to risk for T2D. We identified evidence for new potential mechanisms that include protein misfolding. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these are potential therapeutic targets to decrease risk for T2D.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Diabetes (rcdc)Obesity (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Metabolic and endocrine (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)transcriptomediabetesfasting blood glucosebiomarkerspathway analysisbiomarkersdiabetesfasting blood glucosepathway analysistranscriptomebiomarkersdiabetesdifferential gene expressionfasting blood glucoseIAPPmetabolic syndromemicroRNAneurodegenerative disease pathwayspathway analysisprediabetesprotein misfolding disorder model of type 2 diabetestranscriptomeunderactive adults1101 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics (for)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fp2p47jhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5fp2p47j/qt5fp2p47j.pdfinfo:doi/10.2147/dmso.s428572articleDiabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, vol 16, iss 03445 - 3457oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8n17s8zq2026-09-17T14:20:53Zqt8n17s8zqObservation of flow vector fluctuations in p–Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=5.02\) TeVAbdallah, DAHAbualrob, IJAcharya, SAglieri Rinella, GAglietta, LAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, BAlici, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBaudino, LBauri, DBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBehling, MACBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBenchikhi, OBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBianchi, LBielčík, JBielčíková, JBilandzic, ABinoy, ABiro, GBiswas, SBlidaru, MB2026-06-15Measurements of transverse momentum (pT) and pseudorapidity (η) dependent flow vector fluctuations in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=5.02$$ TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are presented. By studying long-range two-particle correlations with a template fit method, potential biases from non-flow effects such as jets and resonance decays are effectively suppressed. Significant pT- and η-dependent fluctuations of the second-harmonic flow vector are observed with more than 5σ confidence in p–Pb collisions, similar to the observations in Pb–Pb collisions. The influence of residual non-flow effects has been evaluated and cannot account for the observed fluctuations, thereby confirming the observation of flow vector fluctuations in small collision systems at the LHC. Comparisons to model calculations from 3DGlauber+MUSIC+UrQMD and the parton transport model from AMPT are also presented. The measurements provide constraints on the theoretical modelling of the three-dimensional initial geometry and its event-by-event fluctuations, offering critical insights into the origin of collective flow in small collision systems at the LHC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Heavy Ion ExperimentsParticle Correlations and FluctuationsRelativistic Heavy Ion Physics0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n17s8zqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8n17s8zq/qt8n17s8zq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep06(2026)152articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2026, iss 6152oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4p33x1mp2026-09-17T14:20:46Zqt4p33x1mpStrangeness enhancement at its extremes: multiple (multi-)strange hadron production in pp collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=5.02\) TeVAbualrob, IJAcharya, SAglieri Rinella, GAglietta, LAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZAkindinov, AAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, BAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAndronov, EAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBhattarai, SBianchi, LBielčík, JBielčíková, JBilandzic, ABinoy, A2026-06-22The probability to observe a specific number of strange and multi-strange hadrons (nS), denoted as P(nS), is measured by ALICE at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) in $$\sqrt{s}=5.02$$ TeV proton-proton (pp) collisions, dividing events into several multiplicity-density classes. Exploiting, for the first time, a technique based on counting the number of strange-particle candidates event-by-event, this measurement allows one to extend the study of strangeness production beyond the mean of the distribution. This constitutes a new test bench for production mechanisms, probing events with a large imbalance between strange and non-strange content. The analysis of a large-statistics data sample makes it possible to extract P(nS) up to a maximum nS of 7 for $${\text{K}}_{\text{S}}^{0}$$, 5 for Λ and $$\overline{\Lambda }$$, 4 for Ξ− and $${\overline{\Xi } }^{+}$$, and 2 for Ω− and $${\overline{\Omega } }^{+}$$. From this, the probability of producing strange hadron multiplets per event is calculated, thereby enabling the extension of the study of strangeness enhancement to extreme situations where several strange quarks hadronize in a single event at midrapidity. Moreover, comparing hadron combinations with different u and d quark compositions and equal overall s quark content, the contribution to the enhancement pattern coming from non-strangeness related mechanisms is isolated. The results are compared with state-of-the-art phenomenological models implemented in commonly used Monte Carlo event generators, including PYTHIA 8 Monash 2013, PYTHIA 8 with QCD-based Color Reconnection and Rope Hadronization (QCD-CR + Ropes), and EPOS LHC, which incorporates both partonic interactions and hydrodynamic evolution. These comparisons show that the new approach dramatically enhances the sensitivity to the different underlying physics mechanisms modeled by each generator.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron ScatteringProton-Proton ScatteringRelativistic Heavy Ion Physics0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p33x1mphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4p33x1mp/qt4p33x1mp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep06(2026)227articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2026, iss 6227oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7bx5k6052026-09-17T14:20:39Zqt7bx5k605Medium-induced modification of azimuthal correlations of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays with charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVAbualrob, IJAcharya, SRinella, G AglieriAglietta, LAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZAkindinov, AAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfanda, HMMolina, R AlfaroAli, BAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltamura, ARAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAndronov, EAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArata, CArcelli, SArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DAlba, JL BazoBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBhattarai, SBianchi, LBielčík, J2026-06-03The azimuthal-correlation distributions between electrons from the decays of heavy-flavor hadrons and associated charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} = 5.02$$ TeV are reported for the 0–10% and 30–50% centrality classes. This measurement provides access to the jet-like correlation observables in the heavy-flavor sector in Pb–Pb collisions. The analysis is performed for trigger electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays with transverse momentum 44$$p_\textrm{T}>4$$ GeV/c on the away side. The IAA$$I_\textrm{AA}$$ for electron triggers from heavy-flavor hadron decays is compared with that for light-flavor and strange-particle triggers to investigate the dependence on different fragmentation processes and parton-medium dynamics, and is found to be the same within uncertainties.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bx5k605https://escholarship.org/content/qt7bx5k605/qt7bx5k605.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15412-warticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 86, iss 6598oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0pk3p7mr2026-09-17T14:20:31Zqt0pk3p7mrMeasurement of the p– Σ + correlation function in pp collisions at s = 13 TeVAbualrob, IJAcharya, SRinella, G AglieriAglietta, LAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZULAkindinov, AAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BMolina, R AlfaroAli, BAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltamura, ARAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAndronov, EAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DAlba, JL BazoBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBhattarai, SBianchi, LBielčík, JBielčíková, JBilandzic, A2026-03-01In this letter, the first measurement of the femtoscopic correlation of protons and Σ + hyperons is presented and used to study the p– Σ + interaction. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at s = 13 TeV. The Σ + hyperons are reconstructed using a missing-mass approach in the decay channel to p + π 0 with π 0 → γ γ , while both Σ + and protons are identified using a machine learning approach. These techniques result in a high reconstruction efficiency and purity, which allows the measurement of the p– Σ + correlation function for the first time. Thanks to the high significance achieved in the p– Σ + correlation signal, it is possible to discriminate between the predictions of different models of the N–Σ interaction and to accomplish a first determination of the p– Σ + scattering parameters.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Hyperon-nucleon interactionStrong interactionFemtoscopyStrangeness0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pk3p7mrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0pk3p7mr/qt0pk3p7mr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140252articlePhysics Letters B, vol 874140252oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt73q0b8qt2026-09-17T14:20:24Zqt73q0b8qtStudy of the interaction between Ξ baryons and light mesons via femtoscopy at the LHCAbualrob, IJAcharya, SRinella, G AglieriAglietta, LAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZULAkindinov, AAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BMolina, R AlfaroAli, BAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAndronov, EAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DAlba, JL BazoBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBhattarai, SBianchi, LBielčík, JBielčíková, JBilandzic, ABinoy, A2026-03-01Meson-baryon systems with strangeness content provide a unique laboratory for investigating the strong interaction and testing theoretical models of hadron structure and dynamics. In this work, the measured correlation functions for oppositely charged Ξ-K and Ξ − π pairs obtained in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s = 13 TeV at the LHC are presented. For the first time, high-precision data on the Ξ-K interaction are delivered at small relative momenta. The scattering lengths, extracted via the Lednický–Lyuboshits expression of the pair wavefunction, indicate a repulsive and a shallow attractive strong interaction for the Ξ-K and Ξ − π systems, respectively. The Ξ(1620) and Ξ(1690) states are observed in the Ξ − π correlation function and their properties, mass and width, are determined. These measurements are in agreement with other available results. Such high-precision data can help refine the understanding of these resonant states, provide stronger constraints for chirally motivated potentials, and address the key challenge of describing the coupled-channel dynamics that may give rise to molecular configurations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Meson-baryon interactionStrong interactionFemtoscopyStrangenessMolecular states0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/73q0b8qthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt73q0b8qt/qt73q0b8qt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140227articlePhysics Letters B, vol 874140227oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6b04r2qd2026-09-17T14:20:18Zqt6b04r2qdMultiplicity dependence of \({\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{+}\) and \({\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{0}\) production in pp collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=13\) TeVAbualrob, IJAcharya, SAglieri Rinella, GAglietta, LAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhuja, IAkbar, ZULAkindinov, AAkishina, VAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfanda, HMAlfaro Molina, RAli, BAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltamura, ARAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, NAndronic, AAndronov, EAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBaba, HBabu, ARJBadalà, ABae, JBae, YBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBala, RBaldisseri, ABalis, BBangalia, SBanoo, ZBarbasova, VBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarman, BBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarreau, EBarret, VBarreto, LBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBecht, PBehera, DBehera, SBelikov, IBella, VDBellini, FBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBeltran, YAVBencedi, GBensaoula, ABeole, SBerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBernardinis, LBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhalla, TBhasin, ABhattacharjee, BBhattarai, SBianchi, LBielčík, JBielčíková, J2025-11-12The first measurement at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) of the production yield of the strange-charm baryons $${\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{+}$$ and $${\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{0}$$ as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in different charged-particle multiplicity classes in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC is reported. The $${\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{+}$$ baryon is reconstructed via the $${\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$$ decay channel in the range 4 < pT< 12 GeV/c, while the $${\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{0}$$ baryon is reconstructed via both the $${\Xi}_{\text{c}}^{0}\to {\Xi}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$$ and $${\Xi}_{\text{c}}^{0}\to {\Xi}^{-}{\text{e}}^{+}{
u }_{\text{e}}$$ decay channels in the range 2 < pT< 12 GeV/c. The baryon-to-meson $$\left({\Xi}_{\text{c}}^{0,+}/{\text{D}}^{0}\right)$$ and the baryon-to-baryon $$\left({\Xi}_{\text{c}}^{0,+}/{\Lambda}_{\text{c}}^{+}\right)$$ production yield ratios show no significant dependence on multiplicity. In addition, the observed yield ratios are not described by theoretical predictions that model charm-quark fragmentation based on measurements at e+e− and e−p colliders, indicating differences in the charm-baryon production mechanism in pp collisions. A comparison with different event generators and tunings, including different modelling of the hadronisation process, is also discussed. Moreover, the branching-fraction ratio of $${\text{BR}}\left({\Xi}_{\text{c}}^{0}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\text{e}}^{+}{
u }_{\text{e}}\right)/{\text{BR}}\left({\Xi}_{\text{c}}^{0}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}\right)$$ is measured as 0.825 ± 0.094 (stat.) ± 0.081 (syst.). This value supersedes the previous ALICE measurement, improving the statistical precision by a factor of 1.6.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Charm PhysicsHadron-Hadron ScatteringProton-Proton Scattering0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b04r2qdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6b04r2qd/qt6b04r2qd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep12(2025)038articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2025, iss 1238oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8pt412rw2026-09-17T14:17:29Zqt8pt412rwFirst polarisation measurement of coherently photoproduced J/ψ in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeVCollaboration, ALICEAcharya, SAdamová, DAdler, ARinella, G AglieriAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhn, SUAhuja, IAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfanda, HMMolina, R AlfaroAli, BAlici, AAlizadehvandchali, NAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltsybeev, IAlvarado, JRAnaam, MNAndrei, CAndronic, AAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArata, CArcelli, SAresti, MArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABae, JBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBalbino, ABaldisseri, ABalis, BBanerjee, DBanoo, ZBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBarreto, LBartels, CBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DAlba, JL BazoBearden, IGBeattie, CBecht, PBehera, DBelikov, IHechavarria, ADC BellBellini, FBellwied, RBelokurova, SBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBesoiu, MGBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, MABhattacharjee, BBianchi, LBianchi, NBielčík, JBielčíková, J2025-06-01The first measurement of the polarisation of coherently photoproduced J / ψ mesons in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions, using data at s NN = 5.02 TeV, is presented. The J / ψ meson is measured via its dimuon decay channel in the forward rapidity interval − 4.0 < y < − 2.5 using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. An event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 750 μ b − 1 ± 5% (syst) is analysed. Hadronic activity is highly suppressed since the interaction is mediated by a photon. The polar and azimuthal angle distributions of the decay muons are measured, and the polarisation parameters λ θ , λ φ , λ θ φ are extracted. The analysis is carried out in the helicity frame. The results are found to be consistent with a transversely polarised J / ψ . These values are compared with previous measurements by the H1 and ZEUS experiments. The polarisation parameters of coherent J / ψ photoproduction in Pb–Pb collisions are found to be consistent with the s-channel helicity conservation hypothesis.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pt412rwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8pt412rw/qt8pt412rw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139466articlePhysics Letters B, vol 865139466oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7n15b99q2026-09-17T14:17:23Zqt7n15b99qDouble-beta decay of 130Te to the first 0+ excited state of 130Xe with CUORE-0Alduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone III, FTAzzolini, OBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBersani, ABiassoni, MBrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, ADafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDomizio, S DiVacri, ML DiDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFeintzeig, JFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KELiu, XMa, YGMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNapolitano, TNones, CNorman, EBNucciotti, AO’Donnell, TOrio, FOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, C2019-09-01We report on a search for double beta decay of 130Te$$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$ to the first 0+$$0^{+}$$ excited state of 130Xe$$^{130}\hbox {Xe}$$ using a 9.8kg·yr$$9.8\,\hbox {kg}\cdot \hbox {yr}$$ exposure of 130Te$$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$ collected with the CUORE-0 experiment. In this work we exploit different topologies of coincident events to search for both the neutrinoless and two-neutrino double beta decay modes. We find no evidence for either mode and place lower bounds on the half-lives: T01+0ν>7.9·1023yr$$T^{0
u }_{0^+_1}>7.9\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$ and T01+2ν>2.4·1023yr$$T^{2
u }_{0^+_1}>2.4\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$ (90%CL$$90\%\,\hbox {CL}$$). Combining our results with those obtained by the CUORICINO experiment, we achieve the most stringent constraints available for these processes: T01+0ν>1.4·1024yr$$T^{0
u }_{0^+_1}>1.4\cdot 10^{24}\hbox {yr}$$ and T01+2ν>2.5·1023yr$$T^{2
u }_{0^+_1}>2.5\cdot 10^{23}\hbox {yr}$$ (90%CL$$90\%\,\hbox {CL}$$).5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exphysics.ins-detNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n15b99qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7n15b99q/qt7n15b99q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7275-5articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 79, iss 9795oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7mb0h14t2026-09-17T14:16:36Zqt7mb0h14tA Study of Clustering Techniques and Hierarchical Matrix Formats for Kernel Ridge RegressionRebrova, ElizavetaChavez, GustavoLiu, YangGhysels, PieterLit, Xiaoye Sherry2018-05-01We present memory-efficient and scalable algorithms for kernel methods used in machine learning. Using hierarchical matrix approximations for the kernel matrix the memory requirements, the number of floating point operations, and the execution time are drastically reduced compared to standard dense linear algebra routines. We consider both the general$\mathcal{H}$ matrix hierarchical format as well as Hierarchically Semi-Separable (HSS) matrices. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of several preprocessing and clustering techniques on the hierarchical matrix compression. Effective clustering of the input leads to a ten-fold increase in efficiency of the compression. The algorithms are implemented using the STRUMPACK solver library. These results confirm that - with correct tuning of the hyperparameters - classification using kernel ridge regression with the compressed matrix does not lose prediction accuracy compared to the exact - not compressed - kernel matrix and that our approach can be extended to$\mathcal{O}(1M)$ datasets, for which computation with the full kernel matrix becomes prohibitively expensive. We present numerical experiments in a distributed memory environment up to 1,024 processors of the NERSC's Cori supercomputer using well-known datasets to the machine learning community that range from dimension 8 up to 784.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4611 Machine Learning (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)cs.LGcs.LGstat.MLapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mb0h14thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7mb0h14t/qt7mb0h14t.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/ipdpsw.2018.00140article2018 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS (IPDPSW 2018), vol abs/1803.10274883 - 892oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9913j7jj2026-09-17T14:13:07Zqt9913j7jjMechanics-Guided Member Grouping for Cross-Section Optimization with Heterogeneous GraphsWang, ShaoyiSun, TaoWeber, RamonSchleicher, Simon2026-09-18Structural member sizing directly influences material consumption, embodied carbon, and overall
structural efficiency. Recent advances in graph representations have opened new possibilities for
structural optimization, with applications such as topology optimization and surrogate modeling. We
propose a graph-based representation learning and clustering pipeline that uses structural simulation
results to support member sizing and cross-section optimization. In this representation, connection
points and linear members in the structural system are modeled as two node types in a heterogeneous
graph. Mechanical responses, geometric properties, and topological information are encoded as features,
and structural context is propagated through message passing. We then train a Heterogeneous Graph
Attention Network (HeteroGAT) encoder with a contrastive objective constructed from mechanically
similar and topologically adjacent member pairs. Finally, we cluster the learned embeddings with
Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). The resulting clusters provide a practical basis for structural
optimization. Specifically, we use the clustering results as grouping rules for cross-section optimization
in Karamba3D, such that members within the same cluster share a common profile. Using steel member
sizing as a case study, we evaluate the cross-section assignment strategies on a whole-building structural
system and demonstrate the method through multiple application examples. The results show that the
proposed method achieves a rationalized section system with significantly fewer cross-section types and
stable convergence, while maintaining structural performance comparable to the original design, making
it a practical tool for early-stage steel structural design.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9913j7jjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9913j7jj/qt9913j7jj.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50n2s3672026-09-17T14:12:47Zqt50n2s367A large scale hearing loss screen reveals an extensive unexplored genetic landscape for auditory dysfunctionBowl, Michael RSimon, Michelle MIngham, Neil JGreenaway, SimonSantos, LuisCater, HeatherTaylor, SarahMason, JeremyKurbatova, NataljaPearson, SelinaBower, Lynette RClary, Dave AMeziane, HamidReilly, PatrickMinowa, OsamuKelsey, LoisThe International Mouse Phenotyping ConsortiumTocchini-Valentini, Glauco PGao, XiangBradley, AllanSkarnes, William CMoore, MarkBeaudet, Arthur LJustice, Monica JSeavitt, JohnDickinson, Mary EWurst, Wolfgangde Angelis, Martin HrabeHerault, YannWakana, ShigeharuNutter, Lauryl MJFlenniken, Ann MMcKerlie, ColinMurray, Stephen ASvenson, Karen LBraun, Robert EWest, David BLloyd, KC KentAdams, David JWhite, JacquiKarp, NatashaFlicek, PaulSmedley, DamianMeehan, Terrence FParkinson, Helen ETeboul, Lydia MWells, SaraSteel, Karen PMallon, Ann-MarieBrown, Steve DM2017-10-12The developmental and physiological complexity of the auditory system is likely reflected in the underlying set of genes involved in auditory function. In humans, over 150 non-syndromic loci have been identified, and there are more than 400 human genetic syndromes with a hearing loss component. Over 100 non-syndromic hearing loss genes have been identified in mouse and human, but we remain ignorant of the full extent of the genetic landscape involved in auditory dysfunction. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, we undertook a hearing loss screen in a cohort of 3006 mouse knockout strains. In total, we identify 67 candidate hearing loss genes. We detect known hearing loss genes, but the vast majority, 52, of the candidate genes were novel. Our analysis reveals a large and unexplored genetic landscape involved with auditory function.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)4201 Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Hearing Loss (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Ear (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)Datasets as Topic (mesh)Genetic Testing (mesh)Hearing Loss (mesh)Hearing Tests (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceKnockout (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Protein Interaction Maps (mesh)International Mouse Phenotyping ConsortiumAnimals (mesh)MiceKnockout (mesh)Mice (mesh)Hearing Loss (mesh)Hearing Tests (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Genetic Testing (mesh)Protein Interaction Maps (mesh)Datasets as Topic (mesh)Animals (mesh)Datasets as Topic (mesh)Genetic Testing (mesh)Hearing Loss (mesh)Hearing Tests (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceKnockout (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Protein Interaction Maps (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50n2s367https://escholarship.org/content/qt50n2s367/qt50n2s367.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-017-00595-4articleNature Communications, vol 8, iss 1886oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7zx9c3f62026-09-17T13:48:45Zqt7zx9c3f6Irreparable BenefitsLichtman, Douglas2007-01-01The conventional approach to preliminary relief focuses on irreparable harm but neglects entirely irreparable benefits. That is hard to understand. Errant irreversible harms are important because they distort incentives and have lasting distributional consequences. But the same is true of errant irreversible gains. When a preliminary injunction wrongly issues, then, there are actually two distinct errors to count: the irreparable harm wrongly imposed on the nonmoving party, and the irreparable benefit wrongly enjoyed by the moving party. Similarly, when a preliminary injunction is wrongly denied, there are again two errors, not one: the irreparable harm wrongly imposed on the moving party, and the irreparable benefit errantly accorded the nonmoving party. The conventional approach to preliminary relief mistakenly accounts for only half the problem.preliminary reliefirreparable harmirreparable benefitsErrant irreversible harmsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zx9c3f6https://escholarship.org/content/qt7zx9c3f6/qt7zx9c3f6.pdfarticleYale Law Journal, vol 116oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7px8n0qv2026-09-17T13:48:13Zqt7px8n0qvHIV Testing and Care Among Publicly Insured Enrollees With Schizophrenia: Is There a Benefit to Dual Eligibility?Murphy, KarlyThomas, Marilyn DAlonso‐Fraire, PaolaBazazi, Alexander RDahiya, PriyaOlfson, MarkCournos, FrancineArnold, EmilyDilley, JamesWesson, PaulHermida, RichardWalkup, JamesCrystal, StephenMangurian, Christina2026-09-04Background: Patients with schizophrenia experience gaps in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care continuum. We examined the impact of dual enrollment in Medicare upon HIV testing and retention among Medicaid-enrolled patients with schizophrenia.
Methods: Using Medicaid Analytic eXtract and Medicare files from 2008 to 2012, we examined adult participants with schizophrenia enrolled in Medicaid or dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid. Our outcomes were (a) HIV testing probability among participants without HIV and (b) retention in HIV care among people living with HIV (PLWH) (two HIV viral loads or CD4+ counts >90 days apart and within 1 year).
Results: The average annual HIV testing probability was 4.9% among dually enrolled and 7.4% among Medicaid-enrolled patients (p < 0.001). Compared to Medicaid-only, HIV testing for dually enrolled patients were highest among those with opioid use disorder or sexually transmitted infection (STI); and lowest among study sample aged 50-59 years, Asian or White race. Among PLWH, the average retention probability in care was 54.7% for dually enrolled and 44.7% for Medicaid-enrolled patients (p < 0.001). Compared to Medicaid-only, retention probability for dually enrolled patients were highest among those with an STI or dyslipidemia, and lowest among younger sample.
Conclusions and Relevance: Dual Medicare enrollment for Medicaid-enrolled patients benefitted HIV retention efforts more than HIV testing efforts. Differences in public insurance coverage between HIV care retention and testing among patients with schizophrenia, emphasizes the need for ongoing evaluation of the HIV care continuum as payor coverage and policies continue to evolve.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Schizophrenia (rcdc)Health Services (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7px8n0qvinfo:doi/10.1176/appi.prcp.2023776articlePsychiatric Research and Clinical Practice10.1176/appi.prcp.2023776oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5kb2w3ct2026-09-17T13:46:24Zqt5kb2w3ctLocal pH control for impure-water-fed bipolar-membrane electrolyzersHan, SanghwiChoi, Gwan HyunZhang, WenboXi, DaweiSyar, DuhaShim, JaehyukLee, Jang YongJaramillo, Thomas FRyu, JaeyuneBoettcher, Shannon W2026-09-01We show that the pH gradient at the catalyst–ion exchange membrane interface in a seawater bipolar-membrane electrolyzer can be mitigated by reducing the catalyst–membrane distance. We further show how water transport can be balanced at steady state.
Bipolar membrane (BPM) electrolyzers offer advantages in the electrolysis of impure-waters by controlling ion flux, yet still suffer from performance and durabilty limitations. Here, we investigate the impact of NaCl electrolyte (nominally simulated seawater) on BPM electrolyzer operation and identify local pH gradients at electrode–membrane interfaces, arising from coupled ion transport and electrode reactions, as one origin of performance loss and degradation. NaCl in the catholyte induces pronounced pH gradients at the cathode|cation-exchange-layer interface, leading to increased voltage, while partial Cl − crossover to the anode becomes detrimental under locally OH − -deficient conditions, promoting the chlorine evolution reaction and accelerating degradation. Direct physical integration of the cathode and anode catalysts onto the cation and anion exchange layers through spray coating and electrodeposition, respectively, mitigates these effects by minimizing the membrane–catalyst distance. The BPM electrolyzer built in this way achieves 0.50 A cm −2 at 2.8 V and shows a degradation rate of 5.5 mV h −1 over 120 h in 0.50 M NaCl electrolyte, compared to degradation of 71 mV h −1 with a typical porous-transport-layer device structure. This work thus establishes control of local pH gradients as a design principle for BPM electrolysis with impure-water feeds.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Energy (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kb2w3cthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5kb2w3ct/qt5kb2w3ct.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d6ee02476aarticleEnergy & Environmental Science, vol 19, iss 175718 - 5729oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2x58666w2026-09-17T13:46:11Zqt2x58666wGenetically elevated high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol through the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene does not associate with risk of Alzheimer's diseasePeloso, Gina Mvan der Lee, Sven JProject, International Genomics of Alzheimer'sSims, Rvan der Lee, SJNaj, ACBellenguez, CBadarinarayan, NJakobsdottir, JKunkle, BWBoland, ARaybould, RBis, JCMartin, ERGrenier‐Boley, BHeilmann‐Heimbach, SChouraki, VKuzma, ABSleegers, KVronskaya, MRuiz, AGraham, RROlaso, RHoffmann, PGrove, MLVardarajan, BNHiltunen, MNöthen, MMWhite, CCHamilton‐Nelson, KLEpelbaum, JMaier, WChoi, SHBeecham, GWDulary, CHerms, SSmith, AVFunk, CCDerboisForstner, AJAhmad, SLi, HBacq, DHarold, DSatizabal, CLValladares, OSquassina, AThomas, RBrody, JAQu, LSánchez‐Juan, PMorgan, TWolters, FJZhao, YGarcia, FSDenning, NFornage, MMalamon, JNaranjo, MCDMajounie, EMosley, THDombroski, BWallon, DLupton, MKDupuis, JWhitehead, PFratiglioni, LMedway, CJian, XMukherjee, SKeller, LBrown, KLin, HCantwell, LBPanza, FMcGuinness, BMoreno‐Grau, SBurgess, JDSolfrizzi, VProitsi, PAdams, HHAllen, MSeripa, DPastor, PCupples, LAPrice, NDHannequin, DFrank‐García, ALevy, DChakrabarty, PCaffarra, PGiegling, IBeiser, ASGiedraitis, VHampel, HGarcia, MEWang, XLannfelt, LMecocci, PEiriksdottir, G2018-01-01INTRODUCTION: There is conflicting evidence whether high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. Genetic variation in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) locus is associated with altered HDL-C. We aimed to assess AD risk by genetically predicted HDL-C.
METHODS: Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms within the CETP locus predicting HDL-C were applied to the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) exome chip stage 1 results in up 16,097 late onset AD cases and 18,077 cognitively normal elderly controls. We performed instrumental variables analysis using inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger.
RESULTS: Based on 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms distinctly predicting HDL-C in the CETP locus, we found that HDL-C was not associated with risk of AD (P > .7).
DISCUSSION: Our study does not support the role of HDL-C on risk of AD through HDL-C altered by CETP. This study does not rule out other mechanisms by which HDL-C affects risk of AD.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Dementia (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Atherosclerosis (rcdc)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP)Cholesteryl ester transfer proteinGeneticsHDL-CInstrumental variablesSingle nucleotide polymorphisms0604 Genetics (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)5202 Biological psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x58666whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2x58666w/qt2x58666w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.dadm.2018.08.008articleAlzheimer's & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring, vol 10, iss 1595 - 598oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5ks3227s2026-09-17T13:46:01Zqt5ks3227sSex-specific genetic predictors of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkersDeming, YuetivaDumitrescu, LoganBarnes, Lisa LThambisetty, MadhavKunkle, BrianGifford, Katherine ABush, William SChibnik, Lori BMukherjee, ShubhabrataDe Jager, Philip LKukull, WalterHuentelman, MattCrane, Paul KResnick, Susan MKeene, C DirkMontine, Thomas JSchellenberg, Gerard DHaines, Jonathan LZetterberg, HenrikBlennow, KajLarson, Eric BJohnson, Sterling CAlbert, MarilynMoghekar, Abhaydel Aguila, Jorge LFernandez, Maria VictoriaBudde, JohnHassenstab, JasonFagan, Anne MRiemenschneider, MatthiasPetersen, Ronald CMinthon, LennartChao, Michael JVan Deerlin, Vivianna MLee, Virginia M-YShaw, Leslie MTrojanowski, John QPeskind, Elaine RLi, GailDavis, Lea KSealock, Julia MCox, Nancy JAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)The Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC)Goate, Alison MBennett, David ASchneider, Julie AJefferson, Angela LCruchaga, CarlosHohman, Timothy J2018-12-01Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and tau have been evaluated as endophenotypes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genetic studies. Although there are sex differences in AD risk, sex differences have not been evaluated in genetic studies of AD endophenotypes. We performed sex-stratified and sex interaction genetic analyses of CSF biomarkers to identify sex-specific associations. Data came from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CSF Aβ42 and tau (1527 males, 1509 females). We evaluated sex interactions at previous loci, performed sex-stratified GWAS to identify sex-specific associations, and evaluated sex interactions at sex-specific GWAS loci. We then evaluated sex-specific associations between prefrontal cortex (PFC) gene expression at relevant loci and autopsy measures of plaques and tangles using data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. In Aβ42, we observed sex interactions at one previous and one novel locus: rs316341 within SERPINB1 (p = 0.04) and rs13115400 near LINC00290 (p = 0.002). These loci showed stronger associations among females (β = − 0.03, p = 4.25 × 10−8; β = 0.03, p = 3.97 × 10−8) than males (β = − 0.02, p = 0.009; β = 0.01, p = 0.20). Higher levels of expression of SERPINB1, SERPINB6, and SERPINB9 in PFC was associated with higher levels of amyloidosis among females (corrected p values < 0.02) but not males (p > 0.38). In total tau, we observed a sex interaction at a previous locus, rs1393060 proximal to GMNC (p = 0.004), driven by a stronger association among females (β = 0.05, p = 4.57 × 10−10) compared to males (β = 0.02, p = 0.03). There was also a sex-specific association between rs1393060 and tangle density at autopsy (pfemale = 0.047; pmale = 0.96), and higher levels of expression of two genes within this locus were associated with lower tangle density among females (OSTN p = 0.006; CLDN16 p = 0.002) but not males (p ≥ 0.32). Results suggest a female-specific role for SERPINB1 in amyloidosis and for OSTN and CLDN16 in tau pathology. Sex-specific genetic analyses may improve understanding of AD’s genetic architecture.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)Aging (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Amyloid beta-Peptides (mesh)Amyloidosis (mesh)Apolipoproteins E (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Brain (mesh)Claudins (mesh)Female (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Muscle Proteins (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Peptide Fragments (mesh)Serpins (mesh)Sex Factors (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)tau Proteins (mesh)Alzheimer diseaseCerebrospinal fluid biomarkersNeuropathologySex differenceAPOEAmyloidTauAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC)Brain (mesh)Humans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Amyloidosis (mesh)Peptide Fragments (mesh)Apolipoproteins E (mesh)Muscle Proteins (mesh)tau Proteins (mesh)Serpins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Sex Factors (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Claudins (mesh)Amyloid beta-Peptides (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)APOEAlzheimer diseaseAmyloidCerebrospinal fluid biomarkersNeuropathologySex differenceTauAged80 and over (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Amyloid beta-Peptides (mesh)Amyloidosis (mesh)Apolipoproteins E (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Brain (mesh)Claudins (mesh)Female (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Muscle Proteins (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Peptide Fragments (mesh)Serpins (mesh)Sex Factors (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)tau Proteins (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ks3227shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5ks3227s/qt5ks3227s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s00401-018-1881-4articleActa Neuropathologica, vol 136, iss 6857 - 872oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt10p3004v2026-09-17T13:45:52Zqt10p3004vDevelopment and assessment of a composite score for memory in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)Crane, Paul KCarle, AdamGibbons, Laura EInsel, PhilipMackin, R ScottGross, AldenJones, Richard NMukherjee, ShubhabrataCurtis, S McKayHarvey, DanielleWeiner, MichaelMungas, Danfor the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative2012-12-01We sought to develop and evaluate a composite memory score from the neuropsychological battery used in the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We used modern psychometric approaches to analyze longitudinal Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, 2 versions), AD Assessment Schedule - Cognition (ADAS-Cog, 3 versions), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Logical Memory data to develop ADNI-Mem, a composite memory score. We compared RAVLT and ADAS-Cog versions, and compared ADNI-Mem to RAVLT recall sum scores, four ADAS-Cog-derived scores, the MMSE, and the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes. We evaluated rates of decline in normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD, ability to predict conversion from MCI to AD, strength of association with selected imaging parameters, and ability to differentiate rates of decline between participants with and without AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signatures. The second version of the RAVLT was harder than the first. The ADAS-Cog versions were of similar difficulty. ADNI-Mem was slightly better at detecting change than total RAVLT recall scores. It was as good as or better than all of the other scores at predicting conversion from MCI to AD. It was associated with all our selected imaging parameters for people with MCI and AD. Participants with MCI with an AD CSF signature had somewhat more rapid decline than did those without. This paper illustrates appropriate methods for addressing the different versions of word lists, and demonstrates the additional power to be gleaned with a psychometrically sound composite memory score.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Neurosciences (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Aged (mesh)Algorithms (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Data InterpretationStatistical (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Psychometrics (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Memorypsychometricslongitudinal analysiscognitionhippocampusAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeHumans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Data InterpretationStatistical (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Psychometrics (mesh)Algorithms (mesh)Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Aged (mesh)Algorithms (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Cognitive Dysfunction (mesh)Data InterpretationStatistical (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Psychometrics (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Experimental Psychology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/10p3004vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt10p3004v/qt10p3004v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s11682-012-9186-zarticleBrain Imaging and Behavior, vol 6, iss 4502 - 516oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt660517p52026-09-17T13:45:36Zqt660517p5Topography and functional traits shape the distribution of key shrub plant functional types in low-Arctic tundraYang, DarylHantson, WouterDavidson, Kenneth JLamour, JulienMorrison, Bailey DSalmon, Verity GZhang, TianqiEly, Kim SMiller, Charles EHayes, Daniel JBaines, StephenRogers, AlistairSerbin, Shawn P2026-01-07The expansion of shrubs in the Arctic tundra fundamentally modifies land-atmosphere interactions. However, it remains unclear how shrub distribution and expansion differ across key species due to challenges with discriminating tundra plant species at regional scales. Here, we combined multi-scale, multi-platform remote sensing and in situ trait measurements to elucidate the distribution patterns and primary controls of two representative deciduous-tall-shrub (DTS) genera, Alnus and Salix, in low-Arctic tundra. We show that topographic features were a key control on DTSs, creating heterogeneous, but predictable distributions of Alnus and Salix fractional cover (fCover). Alnus was more tolerant of elevation and slope and was found on hilly uplands (slope >10°) within a specific elevational band (200-400 m above sea level [MSL]). In contrast, Salix occurred at lower elevations (50-300 m MSL) on gentler slopes (3-10°) and required adequate soil moisture associated with its profligate water use. We also show that niche differentiation between Alnus and Salix changed with patch size, where larger patches were more specialized in resource requirements than individual plants of Alnus and Salix. To understand what constrains the growth of DTSs at locations with low fCover, we developed environmental limiting factor models, which showed that topography limits the upper bound of Alnus and Salix fCover in 69.2% and 48.7% of the landscape, respectively. These findings highlight a critical need to better understand and represent topography-controlled processes and functional traits in regulating shrub distribution, as well as a need for more detailed species classification to predict shrubification in the Arctic.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)arcticshrubificationpatch dynamicsenvironmental limitsalderwillowalderarcticenvironmental limitspatch dynamicsshrubificationwillow0607 Plant Biology (for)3004 Crop and pasture production (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/660517p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt660517p5/qt660517p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.3389/fpls.2025.1724838articleFrontiers in Plant Science, vol 161724838oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0w5991r62026-09-17T13:45:32Zqt0w5991r6Agile Allocation in the Tundra: A Single Growing Season of Warming Increases Nutrient Availability While Decreasing Fine-Root LengthSalmon, Verity GRogers, AlistairChilds, JoanneEly, Kim SSerbin, ShawnSpencer, BreannLewin, KeithNorby, Richard JIversen, Colleen M2026-02-01The majority of plant biomass is located belowground in Arctic ecosystems and plant roots are responsible for the uptake of the nutrients that constrain plant growth in these infertile ecosystems. Despite performing a crucial role connecting primary producers to the soil, roots are relatively understudied in the Arctic and their functional response to a rapidly warming and increasingly variable climate is unknown. We assessed whether one growing season with elevated temperatures would have an impact on nutrient uptake and allocation by applying a warming technique that increased daily air temperatures by 3.2 °C. Destructive sampling was performed at the peak of the growing season to quantify biomass pools of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), root traits, and uptake of a 15N tracer (15NH4+) for the dominant plant species, Arctagrostis latifolia. We found that soil nutrient availability increased with short-term warming, but A. latifolia NH4+ uptake remained unchanged. Fine-root length density and root biomass within the soil profile, however, were both reduced by warming. N allocation patterns across plant tissues were also altered by warming. NH4+ uptake was best fit with a logistic model that captured the spatial relationship between roots and soil (NH4+ uptake expressed per length fine root and NH4+ availability expressed per unit soil volume) rather than a traditional Michaelis–Menten model. Our results indicate that short-term experimental warming can shift plant–soil interactions, suggesting that the tundra’s belowground response to elevated temperatures may be more dynamic than previously recognized.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Arctagrostis latifoliatundrawarming experimentnutrient cyclingclimate changefine rootsN-15 tracer05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)3109 Zoology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w5991r6https://escholarship.org/content/qt0w5991r6/qt0w5991r6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s10021-025-01019-xarticleEcosystems, vol 29, iss 11oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7fb9069z2026-09-17T13:45:25Zqt7fb9069zProbing the j dependence of angular distributions and N = 20 shell rigidity via the 36 S( p , d ) 35 S reactionAnonymous2026-02-1751 Physical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fb9069zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7fb9069z/qt7fb9069z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/hrd3-246darticlePhysical Review C, vol 113, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5b13p95m2026-09-17T13:44:38Zqt5b13p95mInterannual variability of ecosystem carbon exchange: From observation to predictionNiu, ShuliFu, ZhengLuo, YiqiStoy, Paul CKeenan, Trevor FPoulter, BenjaminZhang, LeimingPiao, ShilongZhou, XuhuiZheng, HanHan, JiayinWang, QiufengYu, Guirui2017-11-01Abstract Aim Terrestrial ecosystems have sequestered, on average, the equivalent of 30% of anthropogenic carbon (C) emissions during the past decades, but annual sequestration varies from year to year. For effective C management, it is imperative to develop a predictive understanding of the interannual variability (IAV) of terrestrial net ecosystem C exchange (NEE). Location Global terrestrial ecosystems. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review to examine the IAV of NEE at global, regional and ecosystem scales. Then we outlined a conceptual framework for understanding how anomalies in climate factors impact ecological processes of C cycling and thus influence the IAV of NEE through biogeochemical regulation. Results The phenomenon of IAV in land NEE has been ubiquitously observed at global, regional and ecosystem scales. Global IAV is often attributable to either tropical or semi‐arid regions, or to some combination thereof, which is still under debate. Previous studies focus on identifying climate factors as driving forces of IAV, whereas biological mechanisms underlying the IAV of ecosystem NEE are less clear. We found that climate anomalies affect the IAV of NEE primarily through their differential impacts on ecosystem C uptake and respiration. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the carbon uptake period makes less contribution than the carbon uptake amplitude to IAV in NEE. Although land models incorporate most processes underlying IAV, their efficacy to predict the IAV in NEE remains low. Main conclusions To improve our ability to predict future IAV of the terrestrial C cycle, we have to understand biological mechanisms through which anomalies in climate factors cause the IAV of NEE. Future research needs to pay more attention not only to the differential effects of climate anomalies on photosynthesis and respiration but also to the relative importance of the C uptake period and amplitude in causing the IAV of NEE. Ultimately, we need multiple independent approaches, such as benchmark analysis, data assimilation and time‐series statistics, to integrate data, modelling frameworks and theory to improve our ability to predict future IAV in the terrestrial C cycle.4102 Ecological Applications (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)climate changeinterannual variabilitynet ecosystem exchangephotosynthesisrespiration0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0501 Ecological Applications (for)0602 Ecology (for)Ecology (science-metrix)3103 Ecology (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)4104 Environmental management (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b13p95mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5b13p95m/qt5b13p95m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/geb.12633articleGlobal Ecology and Biogeography, vol 26, iss 111225 - 1237oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0329180s2026-09-17T13:42:54Zqt0329180sUncertainty and the Standard for Preliminary ReliefLichtman, Douglas2002-01-01In deciding whether to issue a preliminary injunction, courts today focus on three factors: the likelihood that plaintiff will ultimately prevail on the merits; the harm defendant will suffer if the injunction is wrongly issued; and the harm plaintiff will suffer if the injunction is wrongly denied. The idea is to account for the possibility that the court might err in its prediction on the merits. If wrongful denial would be particularly harmful and there is a real chance of wrongful denial, the court is more reluctant to deny. By contrast, if wrongful issuance poses the greater threat, the court is more reluctant to issue. This decision rule has intuitive appeal but overlooks a key point: In most cases, the court will be just as uncertain about its estimates of the harms as it is about its prediction as to the outcome of the case. Thus, the conventional approach begins to unravel. A court cannot minimize the implications of its possibly errant prediction on the merits by blindly relying on its possibly errant estimates of relative harm. The optimal decision rule must account for both types of uncertainty.uncertaintypreliminary reliefpreliminary injunctionerrorunbiased errorLearned Handcost/benefit analysisapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0329180shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0329180s/qt0329180s.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8k04199v2026-09-17T13:38:27Zqt8k04199vReMU: regional minimal updating for model-based derivative-free optimizationXie, PengchengWild, Stefan M2026-04-28Derivative-free optimization (DFO) problems are optimization problems where derivative information is unavailable or extremely difficult to obtain. Model-based DFO solvers have been applied extensively in scientific computing. Powell's NEWUOA (2004) [Powell, The NEWUOA software for unconstrained optimization without derivatives, in Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization, Nonconvex Optimization and its Applications Vol. 83, G. Di Pillo and M. Roma, eds., Springer, 2006, pp. 255–297] and Wild's POUNDerS (2014) [Wild, Solving derivative-free nonlinear least squares problems with POUNDERS, in Advances and Trends in Optimization with Engineering Applications, T. Terlaky, M.F. Anjos, and S. Ahmed, eds., SIAM, 2017, pp. 529–540] explore the numerical power of the minimal norm Hessian (MNH) model for DFO and contributed to the open discussion on building better models with fewer data to achieve faster numerical convergence. Another decade later, we propose the regional minimal updating (ReMU) models, and extend the previous models into a broader class, including the H2 norm models [Xie and Yuan, Least H2 norm updating of quadratic interpolation models for derivative-free trust-region algorithms, IMA J. Numer. Anal. 46 (2025), pp. 21–50]. This paper shows motivation behind ReMU models, computational details, theoretical and numerical results on particular extreme points and the barycentre of ReMU's weight coefficient region, and the associated KKT matrix error and distance. Novel metrics, such as the truncated Newton step error, are proposed to numerically understand the new models' properties. A new algorithmic strategy, based on iteratively adjusting the ReMU model type, is also proposed, and shows numerical advantages by combining and switching between the barycentric model and the classic least Frobenius norm model in an online fashion.4901 Applied Mathematics (for-2020)4903 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)Interpolation modelsderivative-free trust-region methodsweight coefficientonline algorithm tuning0102 Applied Mathematics (for)0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for)0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics (for)Operations Research (science-metrix)4602 Artificial intelligence (for-2020)4901 Applied mathematics (for-2020)4903 Numerical and computational mathematics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k04199vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8k04199v/qt8k04199v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1080/10556788.2026.2660368articleOptimization Methods and Software, vol ahead-of-print, iss ahead-of-print1 - 30oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8t75382c2026-09-17T13:37:54Zqt8t75382cLand-based resources for engineered carbon dioxide removal in the United States exceed the expected needsDai, TaoEllebracht, Nathan CHunter-Sellars, ElwinAui, AlvinaGoldstein, Hannah MLi, WenqinHellwinckel, Chad MPrice, LydiaWong, Andrew ANico, PeterBasso, BrunoRobertson, G PhilipPett-Ridge, JenniferLangholtz, MatthewBaker, Sarah EPang, Simon HScown, Corinne D2025-07-01Gigatonne-scale atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR), alongside deep emission cuts, is critical to stabilizing the climate. However, some of the most scalable CDR technologies are also the most land intensive. Here, we examine whether adequate land resources exist in the contiguous United States to meet CDR targets when prioritizing grid emissions reduction, food production, and the protection of sensitive ecosystems. We focus on biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) and direct air capture and storage (DACS) and show that suitable lands exceed the expected needs: 37.6 million hectares of land are available for BiCRS, resulting in 0.26 GtCO2 of CDR/year, and 34 million hectares are suitable for wind- and solar-powered DACS, resulting in 4.8 GtCO2 of CDR/year if facilities are co-located with geologic CO2 storage. We identify biomass and energy supply hotspots to meet CDR targets while ensuring land protection and minimizing land competition.41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)15 Life on Land (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t75382chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8t75382c/qt8t75382c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101349articleOne Earth, vol 8, iss 7101349oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3x3899292026-09-17T13:34:22Zqt3x389929Soil Moisture Buffers the Impact of Precipitation Variability on Ecosystem ProductivityWang, HuiqiBassiouni, MaoyaKang, YanghuiRifai, Sami WGherardi, Laureano AUkkola, AnnaKeenan, Trevor F2026-03-01Abstract Water availability governs ecosystem productivity, yet estimates of vegetation sensitivity to water can differ greatly depending on whether the sensitivity is examined spatially or temporally. In particular, the spatial sensitivity is often reported to be much stronger than temporal sensitivities, leading to highly uncertain projections of ecosystem responses to future climate change when using space‐for‐time substitution. The large difference between spatial and temporal sensitivities remains unexplained. Prior research, however, primarily relied on precipitation as the water availability proxy, whereas vegetation responds to soil moisture. Here, we combined satellite estimates of vegetation productivity with soil moisture data across water‐limited ecosystems of the continental United States (CONUS) to identify a convergent sensitivity of productivity to water availability. Using precipitation, we show that temporal sensitivity is 66% lower than spatial sensitivity overall. Our analysis identified the cause of the difference to be primarily driven by the seasonal variability of water availability, rooting depth, and soil properties. When using soil moisture instead of precipitation, we observed widespread convergence in the spatial and temporal sensitivities—that is, the two sensitivities became much more similar in magnitude across all water‐limited ecosystems within CONUS. These results show that overlooking soil hydrology can inflate perceived discrepancies between spatial and temporal vegetation sensitivities, leading to biased projections of ecosystem dynamics under future hydro‐climatic change.
Plain Language Summary Water is essential for plant growth, especially in dry regions. To understand and predict how ecosystems respond to climate change, scientists often study vegetation responses to water over time at specific sites, but this approach is geographically limited. A common alternative—“space‐for‐time substitution”—analyzes vegetation–water relationships across multiple locations. Yet the two methods often disagree, creating uncertainty in predicting how ecosystems will respond to future climate conditions. While most studies use precipitation to represent water availability, we focused instead on soil moisture, the water plants actually use. We quantified the strength of vegetation responses across both space and time and investigated the reasons behind space‐time differences. Surprisingly, much of the difference stems from relying on precipitation as the water availability proxy. Contrary to prior assumptions that vegetation constraints drive weaker temporal responses, we found that soil type, rooting depth, and seasonal water variability play larger roles. Most importantly, when using soil moisture instead of precipitation, spatial and temporal responses converged. Our study highlights the role of soil hydrology—how water moves and is stored in soil—in shaping vegetation responses. Our findings suggest soil moisture as a more informative indicator of water stress, and caution against relying solely on precipitation in ecosystem studies.
Key Points Vegetation responds more strongly to precipitation across space than time, adding uncertainty in ecosystem projections under climate change The space‐time discrepancy is largely due to differences in seasonal water variability, rooting depth, and soil properties Vegetation sensitivity to soil moisture converges across CONUS drylands, underscoring soil hydrology's role in ecosystem response3707 Hydrology (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)water-limited ecosystemsvegetation productivityspatial-temporal sensitivity discrepancyprecipitation variabilitySMAP soil moisture0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0905 Civil Engineering (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)Environmental Engineering (science-metrix)3707 Hydrology (for-2020)4005 Civil engineering (for-2020)4011 Environmental engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x389929https://escholarship.org/content/qt3x389929/qt3x389929.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2025wr041521articleWater Resources Research, vol 62, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8ch915612026-09-17T13:32:53Zqt8ch91561Accelerated directional growth of seaweed-like iron oxide branches driven by localized electric fields of gold nanoparticles in liquidZhou, MingruiWang, WenSun, JinyiYu, YuzeNie, MengHuang, HubiaoZheng, HaimeiXu, TaoSun, Litao2026-03-31Branched nanostructures have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications across diverse fields. Precise control over branched morphology is essential for enhancing their functionality, yet it remains a considerable challenge. In this work, in-situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) is employed to investigate the controllable growth of seaweed-like iron oxide branches in the presence of charged gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) within an organic solution. In contrast to the conventional tip-splitting behavior observed in the absence of Au NPs, the branches exhibit directional and accelerated growth toward the Au NPs without further splitting. Finite-element analysis reveals that the local electric field between the charged Au NPs and the branches promotes reactant aggregation at the branch tips, thereby driving their directional and accelerated growth. This study provides insights into the growth mechanisms of seaweed-like nanostructures and highlights the potential of local electric fields for morphological control of branched structures.40 Engineering (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ch91561https://escholarship.org/content/qt8ch91561/qt8ch91561.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-026-71352-9articleNature Communications, vol 17, iss 14646oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8qv2g66d2026-09-17T13:30:19Zqt8qv2g66dSerendipitous discovery of an allosteric inhibitor binding groove in the proline biosynthetic enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1Meeks, Kaylen RMattingly, Caitlin JNix, Jay CChuk, OleksiiProtopopov, Mykola VTarkhanova, Olga OTanner, John J2026-04-08Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent conversion of L-P5C to L-proline and is one of the most consistently up-regulated metabolic enzymes in cancer cells. High PYCR1 expression is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, and its knockdown inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis, motivating inhibitor discovery. All structurally validated PYCR1 inhibitors to date bind in the active site and are anchored in the L-P5C binding pocket by an anionic functional group, typically carboxylate. Seeking inhibitors with alternative anchors, we used X-ray crystallography to screen 22 fragment-like compounds (MW = 189-343 Da) from docking that represent six different carboxylic acid isosteres. Surprisingly, only one compound bound in the active site. Four other compounds were found in three adjacent remote sites located in oligomer interfaces. The compounds bind 7 Å from NADH and 10-14 Å from L-P5C, and the intervening space is blocked by protein for inhibitors in Sites 1A/1B and open for inhibitors in Site 2. Together, the three binding sites define a ligand binding hot spot groove that spans 33 Å. The remote binders inhibit PYCR1 activity with K values from the mixed model of inhibition of 32 μM to 2 mM. Co-crystal structures of PYCR1 with combinations of allosteric inhibitors, NADH, and L-P5C/proline analogs suggest the inhibitors can bind to the ternary PYCR1-L-P5C-NAD(P)H complex in addition to the free enzyme, consistent with a mixed mechanism of inhibition. The discovery of an allosteric inhibitor binding groove that accommodates multiple fragments heralds a new era of PYCR1 inhibitor design.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Cancer (rcdc)5.1 Pharmaceuticals (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Pyrroline Carboxylate Reductases (mesh)delta-1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase (mesh)Proline (mesh)Enzyme Inhibitors (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Allosteric Regulation (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Humans (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)Molecular Docking Simulation (mesh)X-ray crystallographyallosteric inhibitorscarboxylic acid bioisosteresenzyme inhibitionfragment-based drug discoveryproline biosynthesisPyrroline Carboxylate Reductases (mesh)delta-1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase (mesh)Proline (mesh)Enzyme Inhibitors (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Allosteric Regulation (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Humans (mesh)Catalytic Domain (mesh)Molecular Docking Simulation (mesh)03 Chemical Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qv2g66dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8qv2g66d/qt8qv2g66d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1042/bcj20250278articleBiochemical Journal, vol 483, iss 4409 - 427oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7jv032j22026-09-17T13:29:38Zqt7jv032j2Seasonal dynamics and age of stemwood nonstructural carbohydrates in temperate forest treesRichardson, Andrew DCarbone, Mariah SKeenan, Trevor FCzimczik, Claudia IHollinger, David YMurakami, PaulaSchaberg, Paul GXu, Xiaomei2013-02-01Nonstructural carbohydrate reserves support tree metabolism and growth when current photosynthates are insufficient, offering resilience in times of stress. We monitored stemwood nonstructural carbohydrate (starch and sugars) concentrations of the dominant tree species at three sites in the northeastern United States. We estimated the mean age of the starch and sugars in a subset of trees using the radiocarbon ((14) C) bomb spike. With these data, we then tested different carbon (C) allocation schemes in a process-based model of forest C cycling. We found that the nonstructural carbohydrates are both highly dynamic and about a decade old. Seasonal dynamics in starch (two to four times higher in the growing season, lower in the dormant season) mirrored those of sugars. Radiocarbon-based estimates indicated that the mean age of the starch and sugars in red maple (Acer rubrum) was 7-14 yr. A two-pool (fast and slow cycling reserves) model structure gave reasonable estimates of the size and mean residence time of the total NSC pool, and greatly improved model predictions of interannual variability in woody biomass increment, compared with zero- or one-pool structures used in the majority of existing models. This highlights the importance of nonstructural carbohydrates in the context of forest ecosystem carbon cycling.41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4102 Ecological Applications (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Carbohydrates (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Plant Stems (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Species Specificity (mesh)Starch (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)Trees (mesh)Wood (mesh)carbon allocationcarbon cycle modelmean residence timenonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) reservesradiocarbon (C-14)starchPlant Stems (mesh)Trees (mesh)Starch (mesh)Carbohydrates (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Species Specificity (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)Wood (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Carbohydrates (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Plant Stems (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Species Specificity (mesh)Starch (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)Trees (mesh)Wood (mesh)Plant StemsTreesStarchCarbohydratesSeasonsSpecies SpecificityModelsBiologicalTime FactorsWoodCarbohydrate Metabolism06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)4101 Climate change impacts and adaptation (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jv032j2https://escholarship.org/content/qt7jv032j2/qt7jv032j2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/nph.12042articleNew Phytologist, vol 197, iss 3850 - 861oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qw0c0dt2026-09-17T13:29:12Zqt7qw0c0dtSurface reservoirs dominate dynamic gas-surface partitioning of many indoor air constituentsWang, ChenCollins, Douglas BArata, CalebGoldstein, Allen HMattila, James MFarmer, Delphine KAmpollini, LauraDeCarlo, Peter FNovoselac, AtilaVance, Marina ENazaroff, William WAbbatt, Jonathan PD2020-02-21Human health is affected by indoor air quality. One distinctive aspect of the indoor environment is its very large surface area that acts as a poorly characterized sink and source of gas-phase chemicals. In this work, air-surface interactions of 19 common indoor air contaminants with diverse properties and sources were monitored in a house using fast-response, on-line mass spectrometric and spectroscopic methods. Enhanced-ventilation experiments demonstrate that most of the contaminants reside in the surface reservoirs and not, as expected, in the gas phase. They participate in rapid air-surface partitioning that is much faster than air exchange. Phase distribution calculations are consistent with the observations when assuming simultaneous equilibria between air and large weakly polar and polar absorptive surface reservoirs, with acid-base dissociation in the polar reservoir. Chemical exposure assessments must account for the finding that contaminants that are fully volatile under outdoor air conditions instead behave as semivolatile compounds indoors.41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4105 Pollution and Contamination (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution (rcdc)Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion (rcdc)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qw0c0dthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7qw0c0dt/qt7qw0c0dt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.aay8973articleScience Advances, vol 6, iss 8eaay8973oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1xm4z5092026-09-17T13:26:28Zqt1xm4z509Spectrograph stabilization using a single-delay interferometer on the Hale TelescopeErskine, David JEdelstein, JerryWishnow, Edward HSirk, Martin MLinder, Eric VFratanduono, Dayne E2026-04-01We describe a technique for spectrograph stabilization useful when conventional mitigation techniques of vacuum tanks, thermal insulation, and laser frequency comb may be impractical, expensive, heavy, or bulky. This includes spectrographs on airborne platforms or mounted on telescopes where they suffer a changing gravity vector or other drifts. Placing a fixed-delay interferometer in series with a spectrograph forms an externally dispersed interferometer (EDI). This produces a uniform sinusoidal comb multiplying input spectrum, creating (through heterodyning) beats (moiré patterns). In Fourier space for low frequencies up to the comb frequency, the moiré generated signal counter-rotates to ordinary spectra under an unknown disperser wavenumber drift Δx. This generates a large negative feedback signal useful in a conceptual control loop, to converge rapidly to a stable spectrum and yield Δx. A modified EDI data analysis algorithm (“crossfading”) combines frequency-weighted moiré with conventional spectrum to cancel net output spectrum reaction to Δx. Needing only a single-delay, this is a practical improvement over prior crossfading analyses requiring multiple delays. We test crossfading on ThAr data near 4850 cm−1 taken on Hale telescope in an earlier project. In a single pass, we reduce drift 20 times. Using seven iterations, we reduce 0.5 cm−1 (31 km/s Doppler equivalent) drift to 4×10−7 cm−1 (2.5 cm/s). The interferometer delay can wander, because linearity of phase versus wavenumber interpolates science features between bracketing calibrating spectral references. Second, mathematically reversing the heterodyning effect doubles effective spectral resolution without changing disperser slit.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xm4z509https://escholarship.org/content/qt1xm4z509/qt1xm4z509.pdfinfo:doi/10.1117/1.jatis.12.2.025006articleJournal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems, vol 12, iss 2025006 - 025006oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8xp0b9062026-09-17T13:25:45Zqt8xp0b906Probing for high-momentum protons in He4 via the He4(e,e′p)X reactionsIqbal, SBenmokhtar, FIvanov, MSee, NAniol, KHiginbotham, DWBoyd, CGadsby, AGoodwill, JSFinton, DBoyer, AGilad, SSaha, AUdias, JMYe, ZSolvignon, PAguilera, PAhmed, ZAlbataineh, HAllada, KAnderson, BAnez, DAnnand, JArrington, JAverett, TBaghdasaryan, HBai, XBeck, ABeck, SBellini, VCamsonne, AChen, CChen, J-PChirapatpimol, KCisbani, EDalton, MMDaniel, ADay, DDeconinck, WDefurne, MFlay, DFomin, NFriend, MFrullani, SFuchey, EGaribaldi, FGaskell, DGilman, RGlamazdin, SGu, CGuèye, PHanretty, CHansen, J-OShabestari, M HashemiHuang, MJin, GKalantarians, NKang, HKelleher, AKorover, ILeRose, JLeckey, JLindgren, RLong, EMammei, JMargaziotis, DJMarkowitz, PMeekins, DMeziani, ZMichaels, RMihovilovic, MMuangma, NCamacho, C MunozNorum, BNuruzzamanPan, KPhillips, SPiasetzky, EPomerantz, IPosik, MPunjabi, VQian, XQiang, YQiu, XReimer, PERakhman, ARiordan, SRon, GRondon-Aramayo, OSelvy, LShahinyan, AShneor, RSirca, SSlifer, KSparveris, NSubedi, RSulkosky, VWang, DWatson, JWWeinstein, LB2022-06-01Experimental cross sections for the He4(e,e′p)X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at xB=1.24 and Q2=2 (GeV/c)2 are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the He4(e,e′p)H3 channel. Significantly more events are observed for pm≥0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around pm=0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon correlations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xp0b906https://escholarship.org/content/qt8xp0b906/qt8xp0b906.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.105.064003articlePhysical Review C, vol 105, iss 6064003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3261x4xr2026-09-17T13:25:34Zqt3261x4xrComputing nucleon charges with highly improved staggered quarksLin, Yin林胤Meyer, Aaron SGottlieb, StevenHughes, CiaranKronfeld, Andreas SSimone, James NStrelchenko, Alexei2021-03-01This work continues our program of lattice-QCD baryon physics using staggered fermions for both the sea and the valence quarks. We present a proof-of-concept study that demonstrates, for the first time, how to calculate baryon matrix elements using staggered quarks for the valence sector. We show how to relate the representations of the continuum staggered flavor-taste group SU(8)FT to those of the discrete lattice symmetry group. The resulting calculations yield the normalization factors relating staggered baryon matrix elements to their physical counterparts. We verify this methodology by calculating the isovector vector and axial-vector charges gV and gA. We use a single ensemble from the MILC Collaboration with 2+1+1 flavors of sea quark, lattice spacing a≈0.12 fm, and a pion mass Mπ≈305 MeV. On this ensemble, we find results consistent with expectations from current conservation and neutron beta decay. Thus, this work demonstrates how highly improved staggered quarks can be used for precision calculations of baryon properties and, in particular, the isovector nucleon charges.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3261x4xrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3261x4xr/qt3261x4xr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.054510articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 5054510oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4mm7p6k12026-09-17T13:21:16Zqt4mm7p6k1Filtering Films: An Empirical Study of What Consumers Would Mute and Excise from Hollywood Fare if Only They CouldLichtman, DouglasNyblade, Benjamin2018-01-01In 2016, the technology startup VidAngel offered a movie streaming service that empowered users to mute potentially offensive audio and cut potentially offensive video from Hollywood films. Copyright litigation forced VidAngel’s service offline in December of that year. But, in the preceding eleven-and-a-half months, VidAngel managed to transmit roughly four million filtered streams and, for each of them, to record not only which filters were applied, but also how many minutes of the resulting film each user then watched. In this Article, we use the VidAngel data to study the market for filtered motion picture content. Among our findings are that video filters are primarily used to filter scenes involving intimacy, rather than those related to violence; and that, while the most common filtered audio is the word “f*ck,” users are even more likely to mute the words “Christ” and “dink.” Overall, even the most cautious viewers use filters as scalpels, not sledgehammers, muting and excising only a tiny fraction of a film’s content. And, perhaps most surprisingly, despite the imperfections inevitably introduced by unscripted interruptions in a movie’s audio and video presentation, users who watch filtered films turn out to enjoy them to roughly the same degree as do users who watch the corresponding unedited originals.copyrightHollywoodmoral rightsfiltered filmsMPAAVidAngelClearPlayCleanFlicksapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mm7p6k1https://escholarship.org/content/qt4mm7p6k1/qt4mm7p6k1.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rz4p2qd2026-09-17T13:20:19Zqt8rz4p2qdProduction of Λ c + baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, AKrintiras, GLemaitre, VMagitteri, APiotrzkowski, KPrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M Vidal2020-04-01The transverse momentum ( p T ) spectra of inclusively produced Λ c + baryons are measured via the exclusive decay channel Λ c + → p K − π + using the CMS detector at the LHC. Spectra are measured as a function of transverse momentum in proton-proton ( p p ) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measurement is performed within the Λ c + rapidity interval | y | < 1 in the p T range of 5–20 GeV/ c in p p and 10–20 GeV/ c in PbPb collisions. The observed yields of Λ c + for p T of 10–20 GeV/ c suggest a suppression in central PbPb collisions compared to p p collisions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The Λ c + / D 0 production ratio in p p collisions is compared to theoretical models. In PbPb collisions, this ratio is consistent with the result from p p collisions in their common p T range.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsLambda(c) baryonsNuclear modification factorHeavy flavorhep-exhep-exnucl-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rz4p2qdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8rz4p2qd/qt8rz4p2qd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135328articlePhysics Letters B, vol 803135328oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2s1567bg2026-09-17T13:16:16Zqt2s1567bgEntry Policy in Local Telecommunications: Iowa Utilities and VerizonLichtman, DouglasPicker, Randal C2003-01-01This paper offers legal and economic analysis of two recent Supreme Court decisions, AT&T Corporation v. Iowa Utilities Board and Verizon Communications v. FCC. The paper is written with two audiences in mind. For those unfamiliar with the cases, we offer what we hope is an accessible yet detailed account of the underlying policy issues raised by a legal regime that requires incumbent local telephone carriers to lease parts of their telephone networks to would-be rivals. To that end, we discuss the main reasons why sharing rules are sometimes imposed in markets like the market for local telephone service, and we then link those issues to the specific legal questions at issue in these cases. For those already well versed in those issues, by contrast, we have woven into our account a variety of new ideas about both the relevant legal analysis and the underlying economics. We explain, for example, how low access prices might encourage incumbents to invest in new infrastructure despite the intuitive argument to the contrary, and how the Commission's seemingly nonsensical pick-and-choose rule can actually accomplish important policy goals, working in essence as a statutory most-favored-nation clause. In the end, then, we hope this paper will have value both for those relatively well steeped in telecommunications policy and for those just beginning to learn these issues.telecommunicationsVerizonIowa Utilitiesnatural monopolyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s1567bghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2s1567bg/qt2s1567bg.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1n4250dc2026-09-17T13:15:34Zqt1n4250dcSummary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee, 2025.Turner, DannAdriaenssens, Evelien MAmann, Rudolf IBardy, PavolBartlau, NinaBarylski, JakubBłażejak, StanisławBouzari, MajidBriegel, ArianeBriers, YvesCarrillo, DanielChen, XiaClaessen, DennisCook, RyanCrisci, Marco ADechesne, ArnaudDeptula, PaulinaDutilh, Bas EEly, BertFieseler, LarsFogg, Paul CMFukudome, AkihitoGanjoor, Mohammed SaeedGientka, IwonaHolmfeldt, KarinKalatzis, Panos GKauffman, Kathryn MKempff, AnnabelKnezevic, PetarKoonin, Eugene VKropinski, Andrew MKrupovic, MartKurtböke, IpekLambon, KaiLavigne, RobLehman, Susan MLiu, H-TLood, CedricLurz, RudiMäntynen, SariMatrishin, Cole BMiddelboe, MathiasMillard, Andrew DMoraru, CristinaNielsen, Dennis SNobrega, Franklin LNunoura, TakuroOksanen, Hanna MOngenae, VéroniqueParra, BorisPas, CéliaPogliano, JosephPoranen, Minna MPotipimpanon, SiravudhPrichard, AmyPye, Hannah VRothschild-Rodriguez, DanielaRozen, Daniel ESantini, Joanne MSha, YuandongShymialevich, DziyanaSokołowska, BarbaraSoleimani-Delfan, AbbasŚrednicka, PaulinaTavares, PauloTelatin, AndreaTolstoy, IgorUrayama, Shyun-Ichivan Neer, VeraVogensen, Finn KWen, QiannanWichels, AntjeWójcicki, MichałIctv Taxonomy Summary Consortium2025-07-25This article summarises the activities of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee, detailing developments in the classification of bacterial viruses. We provide here an overview of all new, abolished, moved and renamed taxa proposed in 2024, approved by the Executive Committee, and ratified by membership vote in 2025. Through the collective efforts of 74 international contributors of taxonomy proposals in this round, 43 ratified proposals have led to the creation of one new phylum, one class, four orders, 33 families, 14 subfamilies, 194 genera and 995 species. These proposals mark significant progress in refining the taxonomy of bacterial viruses. Key updates include the creation of new orders and families that include existing taxa to better reflect genomic and evolutionary relationships. As sequencing and bioinformatics approaches continue to advance, further expansion and refinements in viral taxonomy can be anticipated in the coming years.Bacteria (mesh)Classification (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Viruses (mesh)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Viruses (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Classification (mesh)Abidjanvirus Ab18Abidjanvirus Ab19Abidjanvirus PaMx11Acadevirus bigMiraUFV01Acadevirus premiAcinetobacter virus Acj61ActaeavirusActaeavirus CRP125ActinidiaevirusActinidiaevirus Ep4AdrianbuildvirusAdrianbuildvirus ARI0923Adrianbuildvirus IPP41Adrianbuildvirus IPP42Adrianbuildvirus IPP43Adrianbuildvirus IPP44Adrianbuildvirus IPP5Adrianbuildvirus IPP51Adrianbuildvirus SpSL1AequorvirusAequorvirus HTVC041PAeromonas virus 43Ahduovirus AH2Ahphunavirus A014LAhphunavirus AHPMCC7Ahphunavirus LAh1Ahphunavirus P2Ahphunavirus ST21Ahphunavirus yong1AlfirinvirusAlfirinvirus alfirinAlisviridaeAlphacystovirusAlphacystovirus phi8Ameliavirus viph1008oAltadenavirusAltadenavirus altadenaAltadenavirus bumbleAmboselivirusAmboselivirus simiAmeliavirusAmeliavirus viph1008oAnathvirusAnathvirus anathAndersonviridaeAndromedavirus leo2AngmobvirusAngmobvirus SCBP1AnticleavirusAnticleavirus jorvikApdecimavirus K12P11AristophanesvirusAristophanesvirus aristophanesArmandvirusArmandvirus PT2Armandvirus PZLAh152Armandvirus PZLAh8Armandvirus T7AhArnovirusArnovirus Wc4Arnovirus arno162Arnovirus arno18Arthrobacter virus LiebeArtimaviricotaAsemoviridaeAtoyacvirusAtoyacvirus atoyac1Atoyacvirus atoyac15AtsuirnavirusAtsuirnavirus calorisAtuphduovirus atuph03AutographiviralesAutonotataviridaeAutoscriptoviridaeAutosignataviridaeAutotranscriptaviridaeAxyvirusAxyvirus 1932Axy09Axyvirus 1932Axy21Axyvirus 1932Axy23AzeevirinaeBaileybluvirus callinallbarbzBajunvirusBajunvirus bajunBamvirusBamvirus bamBarnstormervirusBarnstormervirus barnstormerBarnstormervirus caronBaxterfoxvirus baxterfoxBaxterfoxvirus yeezyBaxtervirus baxterfoxBaxtervirus yeezyBenllochvirusBenllochvirus K10PH82C1Benllochvirus VLCpiA3aBenllochvirus cmc355DBenllochvirus cp31Berlinvirus D226Berlinvirus JSS1Berlinvirus JSS2Berlinvirus P151Berlinvirus PC127Berlinvirus PZJ0206Berlinvirus PcCB251Berlinvirus SEqdws315Berlinvirus SPLA4Berlinvirus SWJM03Berlinvirus SalMLPST153Berlinvirus V1Berlinvirus Yepe2Berlinvirus YepfBerlinvirus carlspittelerBerlinvirus ernstbeyelerBerlinvirus pEaSNUABM57Berlinvirus pO103BerryhillviridaeBertilvirusBertilvirus bertilBetacystovirusBetacystovirus phi12Bifilivirus philemoniiBifseptvirus BIMBV45Bifseptvirus SoKaBoesrvirusBoesrvirus BOESR1BolekvirusBolekvirus bolekBolekvirus lolekBonaevitae bonaevitaeBonaevitaevirus bonaevitaeBonnellvirus Kc261Bonnellvirus RZ4Bonnellvirus altidsurBonnellvirus glasurBonnellvirus mellemsurBonnellvirus smaasurBonnellvirus usurBordetella virus CN1Bordetella virus CN2Bordetella virus FP1Bordetella virus MW2Bronvirus bronBronvirus joedirtBurkholderia virus AH2Burkholderia virus BcepNazgulCafassovirusCafassovirus aleemilyCafassovirus cafassoCafassovirus morganaCafassovirus obladiCaliparnavirusCaliparnavirus acidusCampylobacter virus IBB35Camvirus vanseggelenCamvirus verabelleCankvirusCankvirus cv10P302ACarpasinavirus FoX6CasidaviridaeCatalonvirusCatalonvirus NF1Caulobacter virus SansaCebaduodecimvirusCebaduodecimvirus phi12aunaCebaduodecimvirus phi12duoCeetrepovirus C3POCeetrepovirus darwinCeetrepovirus zionCentumtrigintavirusCentumtrigintavirus cv133CenunavirusCenunavirus Cen1621CepavirusCepavirus PAS7CeskevirusCeskevirus SB4ChamilpavirusChamilpavirus RHEph21ChemalvirusChemalvirus PseuGes254ChennaivirusChennaivirus MVCVPHSA1Cheoctovirus PMCCheoctovirus SG4Cheoctovirus ardmoreCheoctovirus boomerCheoctovirus che8Cheoctovirus deadpCheoctovirus dlaneCheoctovirus dorothyCheoctovirus dotproductCheoctovirus dragoCheoctovirus fruitloopCheoctovirus gumbieCheoctovirus ibhubesiCheoctovirus llijCheoctovirus mozyCheoctovirus mutaforma13Cheoctovirus pacc40Cheoctovirus ramseyCheoctovirus rockyhorrorCheoctovirus shauna1Cheoctovirus shilanCheoctovirus spartacusCheoctovirus tajCheoctovirus tweetyCheoctovirus weeChimalliviridaeChivirus BP12CChronisvirusChronisvirus chronisChunghsingvirus P1201ColingsworthviridaeConareevirusConareevirus Cd1Conareevirus babaykaConareevirus doubleaConnertonviridaeCornievirus cornieCorticovirusCorticovirus Cr39582Corticovirus PM2CorycianvirusCorycianvirus MfVCoryciavirusCoryciavirus A014SCorynebacterium virus C3POCorynebacterium virus DarwinCorynebacterium virus P1201Corynebacterium virus ZionCotavirusCotavirus cotaCronosvirus EspYZU05Cronosvirus EspYZU13Cronosvirus GY3Cronosvirus Kc318Cuernavacavirus RHEph09Cuernavacavirus RHphI38Cuernavacavirus RHphN37Cuernavacavirus RHphTM33CullenvirusCullenvirus 6937Cullenvirus K59PH2Cullenvirus KYPCystovirusCystovirus phi6Cystovirus phiNNDabrowskivirusDabrowskivirus KKP3916DaeravirusDaeravirus MA13DaniellevirusDaniellevirus ZyzzxDaniellevirus danielleDaolivirusDaolivirus MJGDazunavirusDazunavirus DZ1DcimvirusDcimvirus DCMDeltacystovirusDeltacystovirus phi2954DewhirstvirusDewhirstvirus pging00JDewhirstvirus pging00KDewhirstvirus pging00LDewhirstvirus pging00MDexdertvirus kwekelDishuivirusDishuivirus DSLLC07DivaquaviralesDolichocephalovirinaeDovevirinaeDrulisvirus BHU1Drulisvirus BHU2Drulisvirus BHU3Drulisvirus BUCT631Drulisvirus BUCT86Drulisvirus Bp5Drulisvirus CX1Drulisvirus Dlv622Drulisvirus FBKp18Drulisvirus FK1979Drulisvirus IME308Drulisvirus IME337Drulisvirus JKP2Drulisvirus K15PH90Drulisvirus K1PH164C1Drulisvirus K24PH164C1Drulisvirus K25PH129C1Drulisvirus K39PH122C2Drulisvirus K40PH129C1Drulisvirus K51PH129C1Drulisvirus K66PH128C1Drulisvirus K71PH129C1Drulisvirus K72PH164C2Drulisvirus KADrulisvirus KMI3Drulisvirus KMI6Drulisvirus KPPK1081Drulisvirus KPPK1082Drulisvirus KPR2Drulisvirus KXPDrulisvirus KpV2883Drulisvirus Kpn13Drulisvirus LLYDrulisvirus M21221Drulisvirus NER40Drulisvirus P1010Drulisvirus P929Drulisvirus PWKp1Drulisvirus 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dv6993Drulisvirus dv6995Drulisvirus fHeKpn01Drulisvirus pKPM18622Drulisvirus pKp11Drulisvirus pokalde001Drulisvirus tk2018Drulisvirus xx20DunnvirinaeDynamenevirusDynamenevirus CRP114Dynamenevirus CRP227Dynamenevirus CRP361EastwestvirusEastwestvirus eastwestEbriosvirusEbriosvirus IME15Ebriosvirus ebriosEdwardsroadvirusEdwardsroadvirus RRH1Efekovirus efekoEfkovirus efekoEhrlichviridaeElsinorevirusElsinorevirus NO16Elunavirus PagPSK1Elunavirus stepyankaEmotionvirusEmotionvirus emotionEpseptimavirus KKPEpseptimavirus KKP3831EpsiloncystovirusEpsiloncystovirus phiNYEpsomviridaeEracentumvirus Nifs112Escherichia phage ESCO13Escherichia virus CF2Escherichia virus DE3Escherichia virus ESCO5Escherichia virus SchickermooserEscherichia virus phAPEC8EucampyvirinaeEuvesivirusEuvesivirus SB3ExcelsiorvirusExcelsiorvirus pging00SFelixounavirus ASO1AFelixounavirus BPSELC1Felixounavirus CL1Felixounavirus CRP22Felixounavirus CapYZU01Felixounavirus D12Felixounavirus DE17Felixounavirus DE7Felixounavirus DR094Felixounavirus EC106Felixounavirus ECOH1Felixounavirus EF202P1Felixounavirus ESCO45Felixounavirus ESCO49Felixounavirus ESCO50Felixounavirus GSP193Felixounavirus IME338Felixounavirus JK55Felixounavirus JLBYU28Felixounavirus JLBYU32Felixounavirus JN01Felixounavirus KhF1Felixounavirus L27Felixounavirus LMP25Felixounavirus MBP496116Felixounavirus NBEco004Felixounavirus NBEco005Felixounavirus NBSal004Felixounavirus NJ12Felixounavirus OPTSAL01Felixounavirus PHB11Felixounavirus Pr103BlwFelixounavirus REP5Felixounavirus REP8Felixounavirus RP3Felixounavirus Ro111lwFelixounavirus S19cdFelixounavirus SEP1Felixounavirus SME50Felixounavirus SPJ41Felixounavirus ST11Felixounavirus SUTS720Felixounavirus SWJM02Felixounavirus Sp3Shan2021Felixounavirus VSe11Felixounavirus Wec171Felixounavirus Z31Felixounavirus ZX4221Felixounavirus adrianhFelixounavirus allfineFelixounavirus andreottiFelixounavirus barryFelixounavirus bumzenFelixounavirus ekraFelixounavirus duneFelixounavirus ev035Felixounavirus ev108Felixounavirus ev78Felixounavirus finnoFelixounavirus fjerdesalFelixounavirus fv1Felixounavirus fv35FDFelixounavirus garusoFelixounavirus heidFelixounavirus humlepungFelixounavirus johannrwettsteinFelixounavirus medaFelixounavirus mioFelixounavirus momoFelixounavirus nataliecFelixounavirus pEP20Felixounavirus pSJ21Felixounavirus ph22Felixounavirus pinkbiffFelixounavirus radambzaFelixounavirus shyFelixounavirus skudenFelixounavirus tootikiFelixounavirus tribbleFelixounavirus warpigFelixviridaeFerrettivirinaeFibrovirus VP24Firehammervirus CJLB12Firehammervirus CJLB14Firehammervirus CJLB15Firehammervirus F379Fletchervirus CJLB10Fletchervirus CJLB7Fletchervirus F207Fletchervirus F336Fletchervirus F341Fletchervirus F372Fletchervirus PC5Fletchervirus QDYZFobrovirus VP24Foetvirus P1723Foturvirus R8WFrickvirinaeFriunavirus 3043K38Friunavirus AB3Friunavirus ABSZ6Friunavirus ABWU2101Friunavirus AGC01Friunavirus AIIMSAbE5RCFriunavirus APK09Friunavirus APK116Friunavirus APK127vFriunavirus APK128Friunavirus APK14Friunavirus APK15Friunavirus APK16Friunavirus APK2Friunavirus APK20Friunavirus APK26Friunavirus APK32Friunavirus APK37Friunavirus APK371Friunavirus APK48Friunavirus APK483Friunavirus APK77Friunavirus APK81Friunavirus APK86Friunavirus APK87Friunavirus APK89Friunavirus AbP7Friunavirus AbTP31Friunavirus AbpLFriunavirus Acba6Friunavirus ChT04Friunavirus F70K44Friunavirus Hep4Friunavirus IME546Friunavirus MRABP9Friunavirus P1489Friunavirus PMK34Friunavirus PatyFriunavirus PipoFriunavirus SWHAb1Friunavirus SWHAb3Friunavirus WU2001Friunavirus YZ2Friunavirus ZHSHWFriunavirus fBenAci001Friunavirus fBenAci002Friunavirus fBenAci003Friunavirus pB3074FujianvirusFujianvirus V141FurtirnaviricetesFussvirus eyrgjafaFuzzbustervirusFuzzbustervirus fuzzbusterGajwadongvirus MR4GammacystovirusGammacystovirus phi13Gammacystovirus phiYYGansuvirusGansuvirus F4M1DGansuvirus F5M1DGansuvirus FBKp16Gansuvirus K13PH07C1LGansuvirus K22PH164C1Gansuvirus K61PH164C1Gansuvirus KPN7Gansuvirus 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ARI0004Hinxtonvirus ARI0031Hinxtonvirus ARI02851Hinxtonvirus ARI0462Hinxtonvirus ARI04681Hinxtonvirus ARI0468b3Hinxtonvirus ARI0831bHinxtonvirus DCC1738Hinxtonvirus IC1Hinxtonvirus IPP34Hinxtonvirus IPP46Hinxtonvirus IPP64Hinxtonvirus IPP69Hinxtonvirus K13Hinxtonvirus V22Hinxtonvirus hv2167Hinxtonvirus hv34117Hinxtonvirus hv8140HodgkinviridaeHongshanvirusHongshanvirus BMB50HonkvirusHonkvirus honkHonmavirusHonmavirus pging00BHonmavirus pging00CHonmavirus pging00DHonmavirus pging00EHonmavirus pging00FHonmavirus pging00GHonmavirus pging00HHonmavirus pging00IIrusalimvirusIrusalimvirus BCSR52JawnskivirusJawnskivirus beansJawnskivirus brentJawnskivirus jawnskiJawnskivirus king2Jawnskivirus piccolettoJeanschmidtviridaeJelgvirusJelgvirus JELGKS1JeruvirusJeruvirus PSTNGR1JiaweivirusJiaweivirus jiaweiJimeivirusJimeivirus LHPJinkiesvirusJinkiesvirus jinkiesKakivirus PSTRCR114Kaohsiungvirus AS51Kaohsiungvirus MGD2Kaohsiungvirus R15ZKaohsiungvirus VPHS15Kaohsiungvirus VaZX1Karimacvirus karimacKarimacvirus lukecageKarimacvirus starplatinumKarimacvirus woffordKarimacvirus yaboiKayfunavirus101118UKE1Kayfunavirus 216Ecol046PPKayfunavirus22664UKE32Kayfunavirus 6925Kayfunavirus B1Kayfunavirus CLBP1Kayfunavirus CY1Kayfunavirus EP1Kayfunavirus EPr2Kayfunavirus EV1361Kayfunavirus EcoPRo103C3lwKayfunavirus EcpYZU01Kayfunavirus HC12Kayfunavirus HC13Kayfunavirus IME177Kayfunavirus IME278Kayfunavirus IMEP24Kayfunavirus KKP3263Kayfunavirus Kc166AKayfunavirus LET1Kayfunavirus LS2Kayfunavirus LS3Kayfunavirus Mt1B1P3Kayfunavirus NS1Kayfunavirus P762Kayfunavirus PH1061Kayfunavirus PRFSP1Kayfunavirus R1Kayfunavirus SFP20Kayfunavirus SFP21AKayfunavirus SFP21BKayfunavirus SP7Kayfunavirus SR04Kayfunavirus ST10Kayfunavirus ST15Kayfunavirus ST16Kayfunavirus ST17Kayfunavirus ST20Kayfunavirus ST21Kayfunavirus ST57Kayfunavirus TM1Kayfunavirus U8Kayfunavirus ZH4Kayfunavirus emlisKayfunavirus mididKayfunavirus milelKayfunavirus p02Kayfunavirus pO91Kayfunavirus peacockKayfunavirus penshu1Kayfunavirus piscesKayfunavirus yong1Kayfunavirus zappyKikimoravirusKikimoravirus gurkeKikimoravirus kikimoraKlebsiella virus ZCKP1Kolesnikvirus SE5KononvirusKononvirus KKP3711Kotilavirus CX5Kotilavirus MA2Koutsourovirus EhYPKoutsourovirus KKP3828Koutsourovirus PecKozievirus MO526KronosvirusKronosvirus elginKronosvirus pelionKronosvirus pomeriaKruegerviridaeKuravirus LAMPKuravirus SDYTW1F1223Kuravirus SR02Kuravirus XT18Kuravirus YF01Kuravirus myPSH1131Kuravirus myPSH2311Kuravirus pECN12032Af1KuwvirusKuwvirus ParKuw1LacfervirusLacfervirus LFP01LakviridaeLambdavirus DE3Lambovirus birthdayboyLambovirus erutanLambovirus fulcrumLambovirus genamy16Lambovirus jalebiLambovirus novasharksLambovirus otterstedtS21Lambovirus parvustardaLambovirus patosLambovirus wojtekLambovirus zanyLasallevirus Acj61Lavrentieva E21Lavrentieva PM87Lavrentieva pPM01Lavrentievavirus E21Lavrentievavirus PM87Lavrentievavirus pPM01Leonardvirus phauciLiebevirus liebeLiebevirus magucoLiefievirus haloLiefievirus liefieLilmacvirusLilmacvirus bolt007Lilmacvirus kleveyLilmacvirus lilmac1015Lilmacvirus prairieLindbergviridaeLinggongvirusLinggongvirus VH5Lomovskayavirus shawtyLoughboroughvirus ZCSE2Lucadorvirus gailLucadorvirus jeevesLucadorvirus luchadorLuchadorvirus gailLuchadorvirus jeevesLuchadorvirus luchadorLudisviridaeLudisvirusLudisvirus pging00ALullwatervirus quill52LundtoftevirusLundtoftevirus Lu221LuzcentumvirusLuzcentumvirus LUZ100MabodamacavirusMabodamacavirus mabodamacaMaculvirus AC2Maculvirus BUCT233Maculvirus DE10Maculvirus DE17Maculvirus DE18Maculvirus F23s2Maculvirus FE11Maculvirus GHSM17Maculvirus H256D1Maculvirus HA1Maculvirus HA5Maculvirus MGD1Maculvirus OWBMaculvirus SrVc9Maculvirus VP9MaevirinaeMaklayavirusMaklayavirus Q19MalkevirusMalkevirus ARI02853Malkevirus IPP45Malkevirus IPP67Malkevirus mv11865Malkevirus mv23782MallvirusMallvirus ParMal1MaltophvirusMaltophvirus BUCT609Manhattanvirus vresidenceManhattanvirus wildwestMarchewkavirusMarchewkavirus domovoiMarchewkavirus kabachokMarchewkavirus marchewkaMargaeryvirusMargaeryvirus margaeryMargaeryvirus terijMazoviaviridaeMboduovirusMboduovirus mbo2McshanvirinaeMedawarvirusMedawarvirus ARI01312Medawarvirus IPP11Medawarvirus IPP12Medawarvirus IPP17Medawarvirus IPP18Medawarvirus IPP19Medawarvirus IPP20Medawarvirus IPP21Medawarvirus IPP22Medawarvirus IPP28Medawarvirus IPP29Medawarvirus IPP30Medawarvirus IPP57Medawarvirus IPP63Meganvirus nichole72MelbournevirusMelbournevirus REQ2MengvirusMengvirus NMeng1MerivirusMerivirus Cr39582Merivirus PM2MestraviridaeMicantvirusMicantvirus loshitsa2Micantvirus micantMinipunavirus lilpapawesMojovirusMojovirus MR5Mooglevirus CHB7Mooglevirus EP1Mooglevirus HP1Mooglevirus Henu11Mooglevirus KMM2Mooglevirus KMM4Mooglevirus M7196WT1Mooglevirus PC7913Mooglevirus SFPBMooglevirus mistaenktMooglevirus silverhawkiumMooglevirus susp1Mooglevirus susp2MorelosvirusMorelosvirus RHphI20MosigvirusMosigvirus efftwoMosigvirus jaykayMtkvariviridaeMurciavirus CB5AMycobacterium virus ArdmoreMycobacterium virus BoomerMycobacterium virus BronMycobacterium virus Che8Mycobacterium virus CornieMycobacterium virus DeadPMycobacterium virus DlaneMycobacterium virus DorothyMycobacterium virus DotProductMycobacterium virus DragoMycobacterium virus FruitloopMycobacterium virus GUmbieMycobacterium virus HaloMycobacterium virus IbhubesiMycobacterium virus JoeDirtMycobacterium virus LiefieMycobacterium virus LlijMycobacterium virus MozyMycobacterium virus Mutaforma13Mycobacterium virus PMCMycobacterium virus Pacc40Mycobacterium virus RamseyMycobacterium virus Renaud18Mycobacterium virus RockyHorrorMycobacterium virus SG4Mycobacterium virus Shauna1Mycobacterium virus ShilanMycobacterium virus SpartacusMycobacterium virus SquirtyMycobacterium virus TChenMycobacterium virus TM4Mycobacterium virus TajMycobacterium virus ThetaBobMycobacterium virus TortelliniMycobacterium virus TweetyMycobacterium virus WeeMycobacterium virus WildcatMyosmarvirus SMPMyranavirus phabbaMyrnavirus phabbaNairobivirusNairobivirus nv36NakavirusNakavirus sapiNatansvirusNatansvirus SnaPR1Nazgulvirus bcepnazgulNerivirusNerivirus SSRP01NerthusvirusNerthusvirus BUCT553Nerthusvirus achelousNerthusvirus alpheusNerthusvirus nerthusNingirsuvirus DchS19Ningirsuvirus W2BNingirsuvirus nahilimaliNingirsuvirus pEpSNUABM12Ningirsuvirus sibilusNixviridaeNixvirusNixvirus pging00XNjordvirusNjordvirus njordNorfolkplacevirusNorfolkplacevirus ARI0746Norfolkplacevirus IPP15CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n4250dcinfo:doi/10.1099/jgv.0.002111articleJournal of General Virology, vol 106, iss 7002111oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt75d2n2dw2026-09-17T13:12:18Zqt75d2n2dwState of Common Grid Services DefinitionsLiu, JingjingWidergren, SteveKolln, JaimeBohn, TedXue, SonnyBrown, Richard2022-12-14This document is prepared as part of the Department of Energy’s Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC) 2.5.2 project, whose goal is to develop and socialize a common set of grid service definitions relevant to grid-related interactions with distributed energy resources (DER: responsive generation, storage, and loads), and to advance the concept and requirements of the Energy Services Interface (ESI) to the point of launching related interface standards and guides that can be implemented in communication protocols and business process definitions. The notion of “grid services” is integral to the definition of an ESI because a key principle of the ESI is that it permits coordination between grid operators and DER facilities in a way that is service-oriented, with an understanding of performance expectations.
This document reviews the current state of grid service definitions, including those actively used in the market today as well as new services that have been proposed for future implementation. The document describes grid services used in transmission as well as distribution systems. In defining grid services, this document also distinguishes between two fundamental concepts: an “operational objective” and a “grid service,” which describes a generator’s or customer’s expected physical performance in delivering power to or consuming power from the grid.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/75d2n2dwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt75d2n2dw/qt75d2n2dw.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2nc5x5w82026-09-17T13:12:07Zqt2nc5x5w8Employment Benefits from California Climate Investments and Co-investmentsCallahan, ColleenKarpman, JasonKong, Weilong (David)DeShazo, J.R.2018-01-01From the launch of California Climate Investments in 2013 through 2016, the state appropriated about $2.2 billion to 29 programs aimed at reducing GHGs. Of these, 13 were transportation programs that received nearly $1.8 billion in California Climate Investments, including the High-Speed Rail Project, the Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program, the Transit and Intercity Rail Capital Program, the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project, and otherLow CarbonTransportation investments.How do these programs translate into jobs? Researchers at the UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation conducted the state’s largest study of the employment impacts of CCI transportation investments.IMPLANCap-and-TradeAssembly Bill 32AB 32AB 1532California Climage InvestmentsCCIGreenhouse gasclean vehicle rebatelow carbon transportationtransit and intercity railapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc5x5w8https://escholarship.org/content/qt2nc5x5w8/qt2nc5x5w8.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5c29j8n42026-09-17T13:11:44Zqt5c29j8n4Challenges and Future Directions in Quantifying Terrestrial EvapotranspirationYi, KoongSenay, Gabriel BFisher, Joshua BWang, LixinSuvočarev, KosanaChu, HousenMoore, Georgianne WNovick, Kimberly ABarnes, Mallory LKeenan, Trevor FMallick, KanishkaLuo, XiangzhongMissik, Justine ECDelwiche, Kyle BNelson, Jacob AGood, Stephen PXiao, XiangmingKannenberg, Steven AAhmadi, ArmanWang, TianxinBohrer, GilLitvak, Marcy EReed, David EOishi, A ChristopherTorn, Margaret SBaldocchi, Dennis2024-10-01Abstract Terrestrial evapotranspiration is the second‐largest component of the land water cycle, linking the water, energy, and carbon cycles and influencing the productivity and health of ecosystems. The dynamics of ET across a spectrum of spatiotemporal scales and their controls remain an active focus of research across different science disciplines. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of ET science across in situ measurements, partitioning of ET, and remote sensing, and discuss how different approaches complement one another based on their advantages and shortcomings. We aim to facilitate collaboration among a cross‐disciplinary group of ET scientists to overcome the challenges identified in this paper and ultimately advance our integrated understanding of ET.
Key Points The main challenge in ET science is reconciling spatial data with point data from various sources across heterogeneous areas Each of the three general approaches to ET science (in situ measurements, partitioning, remote sensing) has strengths and weaknesses Communication and translation across these disciplines are key to closing the gaps37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)4013 Geomatic Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)terrestrial evapotranspirationin situ measurementsevapotranspiration partitioningremote sensingeddy covariance0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0905 Civil Engineering (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)Environmental Engineering (science-metrix)3707 Hydrology (for-2020)4005 Civil engineering (for-2020)4011 Environmental engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c29j8n4https://escholarship.org/content/qt5c29j8n4/qt5c29j8n4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2024wr037622articleWater Resources Research, vol 60, iss 10oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt81j4z42j2026-09-17T13:11:26Zqt81j4z42jFLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity: Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions FLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity: Objectives, Observations, and Future DirectionsKnox, Sara HJackson, Robert BPoulter, BenjaminMcNicol, GavinFluet-Chouinard, EtienneZhang, ZhenHugelius, GustafBousquet, PhilippeCanadell, Josep GSaunois, MariellePapale, DarioChu, HousenKeenan, Trevor FBaldocchi, DennisTorn, Margaret SMammarella, IvanTrotta, CarloAurela, MikaBohrer, GilCampbell, David ICescatti, AlessandroChamberlain, SamuelChen, JiquanChen, WeinanDengel, SigridDesai, Ankur REuskirchen, EugenieFriborg, ThomasGasbarra, DanieleGoded, IgnacioGoeckede, MathiasHeimann, MartinHelbig, ManuelHirano, TakashiHollinger, David YIwata, HirokiKang, MinseokKlatt, JaninaKrauss, Ken WKutzbach, LarsLohila, AnnaleaMitra, BhaskarMorin, Timothy HNilsson, Mats BNiu, ShuliNoormets, AskoOechel, Walter CPeichl, MatthiasPeltola, OlliReba, Michele LRichardson, Andrew DRunkle, Benjamin RKRyu, YoungryelSachs, TorstenSchäfer, Karina VRSchmid, Hans PeterShurpali, NarasinhaSonnentag, OliverTang, Angela CIUeyama, MasahitoVargas, RodrigoVesala, TimoWard, Eric JWindham-Myers, LisamarieWohlfahrt, GeorgZona, Donatella2019-12-01Here we describe a new coordination activity and initial results for a global synthesis of eddy covariance CH4 flux measurements.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate Change Science (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/81j4z42jhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt81j4z42j/qt81j4z42j.pdfinfo:doi/10.1175/bams-d-18-0268.1articleBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol 100, iss 122607 - 2632oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5tf3k4712026-09-17T13:11:26Zqt5tf3k471Letter to FCC Chairman Powell Concerning Auction 35Lichtman, DouglasCramton, PeterCrandall, Robert WHahn, Robert WHarris, Robert GHausman, Jerry AHazlett, Thomas WMacAvoy, Paul WMilgrom, Paul RSidak, J. GregorySchmalensee, RichardSinger, Hal JSmith, Vernon LTaylor, William ETeece, David2002-08-16Fifteen scholars on auctions and telecommunications regulation urge the FCC to cancel bids made in, or permit winning bidders to opt out of, the reauction of the NextWave licenses in Auction 35.For auctions to function efficiently, buyers and sellers must follow basic rules, including the rule that a seller deliver in a timely manner what the winning bidder has purchased. This rule has not been applied in Auction 35. The FCC auctioned something that it did not have - immediate access to the spectrum for the winning bidders. Thus, if the FCC forces the winning bidders to pay, they will sue the agency for forcing them to pay for something that they did not receive. Alternatively, their shareholders will sue the companies. Meanwhile, wireless carriers have invested in less efficient technologies to meet capacity needs.The FCC has said that its current policy toward Auction 35 seeks to "protect the integrity" of the spectrum auction process. The opposite is already occurring. The FCC increases uncertainty in the wireless market if it holds carriers accountable for winning bids for licenses that the agency cannot deliver. Bidders will discount their future bids accordingly, and auction revenues will fall. That outcome does not benefit consumers, taxpayers, workers, or shareholders.auctionstelecommunications regulationreauctionNextWave licensesAuction 35application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tf3k471https://escholarship.org/content/qt5tf3k471/qt5tf3k471.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8dc2671g2026-09-17T13:11:13Zqt8dc2671gFluxes all of the time? A primer on the temporal representativeness of FLUXNETChu, HousenBaldocchi, Dennis DJohn, RanjeetWolf, SebastianReichstein, Markus2017-02-01Abstract FLUXNET, the global network of eddy covariance flux towers, provides the largest synthesized data set of CO 2 , H 2 O, and energy fluxes. To achieve the ultimate goal of providing flux information “everywhere and all of the time,” studies have attempted to address the representativeness issue, i.e., whether measurements taken in a set of given locations and measurement periods can be extrapolated to a space‐ and time‐explicit extent (e.g., terrestrial globe, 1982–2013 climatological baseline). This study focuses on the temporal representativeness of FLUXNET and tests whether site‐specific measurement periods are sufficient to capture the natural variability of climatological and biological conditions. FLUXNET is unevenly representative across sites in terms of the measurement lengths and potentials of extrapolation in time. Similarity of driver conditions among years generally enables the extrapolation of flux information beyond measurement periods. Yet such extrapolation potentials are further constrained by site‐specific variability of driver conditions. Several driver variables such as air temperature, diurnal temperature range, potential evapotranspiration, and normalized difference vegetation index had detectable trends and/or breakpoints within the baseline period, and flux measurements generally covered similar and biased conditions in those drivers. About 38% and 60% of FLUXNET sites adequately sampled the mean conditions and interannual variability of all driver conditions, respectively. For long‐record sites (≥15 years) the percentages increased to 59% and 69%, respectively. However, the justification of temporal representativeness should not rely solely on the lengths of measurements. Whenever possible, site‐specific consideration (e.g., trend, breakpoint, and interannual variability in drivers) should be taken into account.
Key Points FLUXNET is unevenly representative across sites in terms of the measurement lengths and potentials of extrapolation in time Several drivers have trends or breakpoints in the baseline period and are underrepresented by FLUXNET measurement periods Justification of site temporal representativeness should consider the natural variability of climatological and biological conditions37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)0404 Geophysics (for)3706 Geophysics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dc2671ginfo:doi/10.1002/2016jg003576articleJournal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, vol 122, iss 2289 - 307oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt70f9r9nj2026-09-17T13:08:08Zqt70f9r9njCommercial PACE Project Origination: Leverage Points for Growing the Project PipelineLeventis, GregDeason, Jeff2023-07-19Greater use of Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) financing within communities where it is enabled will increase energy savings, drive economic development, and result in additional public benefits. Some states with active C-PACE programs have ramped up activity significantly while others have not achieved and sustained a high volume of transactions. This brief details C-PACE project origination trends, barriers, and market practices for state and local government C-PACE program sponsors looking to grow their C-PACE project pipeline.
Based on the results of a questionnaire of C-PACE stakeholders, this brief provides new information on project origination trends and strategies for how state and local governments and third-party partners can increase the volume of projects leveraging C-PACE financing. The questionnaire results support the following observations about the C-PACE financing market:
-Marketing and education: Program administrators and capital providers agree that direct outreach to property owners (e.g., one-on-one or in small groups) to explain the benefits of C-PACE financing is the most effective strategy to originate projects.
-C-PACE capital providers: Specialty C-PACE capital providers—private lenders with deep knowledge of and a significant focus on C-PACE financing—are the primary source of capital for most C-PACE programs according to program administrator respondents. The share of capital provided by specialty C-PACE providers grew from 2019 to 2020. However, some C-PACE programs (two in this study) are structured so that they use exclusively public capital.
-C-PACE project entry point into a program: Most program administrators report that over 75% of financing volume comes from projects with pre-selected capital providers,1 meaning that property owners have connected with capital providers before making contact with the C-PACE program. Transaction sizes for these projects grew from 2019 to 2020 (most are now over $1 million), helping to drive industry growth.
-Smaller C-PACE projects: Small and medium projects often do not have a pre-selected capital provider and may need additional support from a program administrator to navigate the transaction process. This is significant given that some programs have goals to serve small- and medium-sized businesses.2
-Messaging to property owners: The features property owners find most attractive about C-PACE financing are the long repayment period and the fact that it does not require a personal guarantee.
1 In open C-PACE programs, multiple capital providers compete to fund C-PACE projects. Most program administrators in our questionnaire administer open programs; however, some administer closed programs and several administer both open and closed programs. It is unclear how to interpret the responses of program administrators who work entirely or in part in closed programs, where there is not a choice among capital providers.
2 For example, Minnesota, Michigan, and Colorado, which are profiled in Improving Access to C-PACE for Smaller Businesses (National Association of State Energy Officials, 2021).application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/70f9r9njhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt70f9r9nj/qt70f9r9nj.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7496x1pc2026-09-17T13:08:04Zqt7496x1pcUtility-Scale Solar, 2022 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United StatesBolinger, MarkSeel, JoachimWarner, CodyRobson, Dana2022-09-20Berkeley Lab’s “Utility-Scale Solar, 2022 Edition” provides an overview of key trends in the U.S. market, with a focus on 2021. Highlights of this year’s update include:
-A record of nearly 12.5 GWAC of new utility-scale PV capacity came online in 2021, bringing cumulative installed capacity to more than 51.3 GWAC across 44 states.
-90% of all new utility-scale PV capacity added in 2021 uses single-axis tracking.
-Median installed project costs declined to $1.35/WAC (or $1.02/WDC) in 2021.
-Project-level capacity factors vary widely, from 9% to 35% (on an AC basis), with a sample median of 24%. The report explores drivers of this variation.
-Utility-scale PV’s LCOE fell to $33/MWh in 2021 ($27/MWh if factoring in the federal investment tax credit, or ITC).
-PPA prices have largely followed the decline in solar’s LCOE over time, but have recently stagnated and even moved slightly higher. Prices from a sample of recent contracts average around $20/MWh (levelized) in the West and $30-40/MWh elsewhere in the continental US.
-In 2021, solar’s average market value (defined in the report to include only energy and capacity value) rose by 55% to $47/MWh and exceeded average wholesale prices in 13 of the 17 balancing authorities analyzed.
-Adding battery storage is one way to increase the value of solar. Our public data file tracks metadata and PPA prices from 67 PV+battery hybrid projects that are already online or that have secured offtake arrangements.
-At the end of 2021, there were at least 674 GW of utility-scale solar power capacity within the interconnection queues across the nation, 284 GW of which include batteries.
For more information, and to explore related interactive data visualizations, go to utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7496x1pchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7496x1pc/qt7496x1pc.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8c89h4hw2026-09-17T13:07:56Zqt8c89h4hwPractices for Demonstrating Energy Savings from Commercial PACE ProjectsLeventis, GregDeason, Jeff2021-09-27Nearly three-fourths of U.S. states have authorized local governments to use voluntary special assessments on commercial properties to finance energy improvements that boost economic development, create jobs, increase property values and advance energy goals. Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) financing allows building owners to repay the borrowed capital — from private or public sources — over time using their property as security.
Berkeley Lab is supporting the Department of Energy’s Commercial PACE Working Group by developing a series of C-PACE issue briefs. The second brief in this series, Practices for Demonstrating Energy Savings from Commercial PACE Projects, looks at common practices for demonstrating energy savings to support state and local governments that sponsor C-PACE programs and want to track their energy impacts. This brief reviews:
-The value proposition and trade-offs of conducting energy impact assessments for C-PACE programs;
-Methods to quantify energy savings impacts from energy efficiency building improvements; and
-Available resources and tools to support energy impact assessments.
C-PACE programs may benefit from energy impact assessments for many reasons, including:
-Validating the public benefits of the programs
-Demonstrating that C-PACE can deliver participant benefits
-Illustrating program impacts on public policy goals
-Generating data to help improve program performance
Many C-PACE programs are collecting data on project energy savings impacts, and these data can be leveraged to further support decision making and program implementation. Potential drawbacks to energy impact assessments may include added cost and burdens on property owners (e.g., the need to collect building energy consumption data). Where these burdens are considerable, they might slow program uptake. State and local governments can balance the benefits of energy impact assessments with the range of costs and accuracy inherent to available assessment methodologies.
Additionally, depending on the policy context in the state or local government, a C-PACE program may be able to leverage existing efforts (e.g., building energy benchmarking programs) to reduce impact assessment costs, align with building owner practices and expectations, and efficiently assess program impact.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c89h4hwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8c89h4hw/qt8c89h4hw.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt133538gw2026-09-17T13:07:52Zqt133538gwFuel-Cell Vehicle and Hydrogen Transitions in California: Scenarios, Cost Analysis, and Workforce ImplicationsFulton, LewYang, ChrisBurke, AndrewAcharya, Tri DevBourne, BethCoffee, DanielKong, Weilong (David)2024-07-01To achieve California’s ambitious climate goals, a shift to hydrogen fuel for some transportation sectors may be essential.In this report, we explore the build-out of a hydrogen fuel distribution system including uptake of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty fuel cell electric vehicles. Our analysis of Base and High Case scenarios includes costs of building and operating a hydrogen vehicle and fuel system and estimates workforce impacts. We consider scenarios with about 125,000 vehicles by 2030 in the Base Case and 250,000 in the high case. This increases by an order of magnitude to 2045. Vehicle and station investment costs associated with the Base Case reach anywhere from $4 to 12 billion USD by 2030 and increase by a factor of eight by 2045. Costs per kg of hydrogen, including fuel transmission to stations and station costs delivered to vehicles, could be in the range of $4 to 8 per kg. This becomes $6 to 10/kg as a final delivered cost, if production of hydrogen were to cost $2/kg. Workforce impacts in the Base Case include 600 to 2,200 jobs created by 2030, rising rapidly thereafter. This report was prepared by the ITS-UC Davis Energy Futures Hydrogen Program in partnership with the UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation.Hydrogen fuelsfuel cell vehicleselectric vehiclesmarket penetrationcapital costseconomic impactsjobsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/133538gwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt133538gw/qt133538gw.pdfinfo:doi/10.7922/G2H70D5Karticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6kq7v2ch2026-09-17T13:07:43Zqt6kq7v2chCommercial PACE Financing and the Special Assessment Process: Understanding Roles and Managing Risks for Local GovernmentsLeventis, GregSchwartz, Lisa C2019-07-02This issue brief is for local governments that are well-positioned to participate in a commercial property assessed clean energy (C-PACE) program but are looking to inform a decision about whether to join or create a program. This resource addresses two specific barriers these local governments may face regarding C-PACE programs: (1) uncertainty about the likelihood of tax foreclosure on properties in default of C-PACE payments and the risks local governments bear, and (2) uncertainty about the staff labor commitment associated with administering the program, including the execution of the special tax assessment process.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kq7v2chhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6kq7v2ch/qt6kq7v2ch.pdfnon_textualoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55w3r37w2026-09-17T13:07:02Zqt55w3r37wGuidelines for Determining the Load Resistance of Thin-Glass Triple-Pane Insulating Glass Unit ConfigurationsHart, RobertFisher, StephenMorse, Stephen2023-06-23This guideline is intended to provide information relevant to the specification of triple- pane insulating glass (IG) units where the thickness of lite number 2 (center lite) is less than or equal to the thickness of lite numbers 1 and 3. Procedures and charts are presented to determine the load resistance (LR) of common soda-lime glass thicknesses from 0.7 mm (3/128 in.) to 1.8 mm (9/128 in.) exposed to a uniform lateral load of short or long duration, for a 0.008 probability of breakage. Deflection under load, horizontal self-weight deflection, and natural frequency procedures and charts are also included to aide in the selection of glass thickness to meet manufacturing and/or loading criteria determined by the user.Thing glassWindowsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55w3r37whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt55w3r37w/qt55w3r37w.pdfinfo:doi/10.20357/B7SS35articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0310t8kx2026-09-17T13:05:31Zqt0310t8kxMoving Beyond the Colors: The Full Life-Cycle Emissions of Hydrogen Production Pathways for CaliforniaLipman, Timothy, PhDBusch, PabloCollins, StephanieHorvath, Arpad, PhDKendall, Alissa, PhDCoffee, DanielKong, Weilong (David)2024-08-01There is growing interest in the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel but the environmental benefits of using hydrogen depend critically on how it is produced and distributed. Leading alternatives to using fossil natural gas to make hydrogen through the conventional method of steam methane reforming include using electrolyzers to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the use of biogas as an alternative feedstock to fossil natural gas. This report examines the latest carbon intensity (CI) estimates for these and various other hydrogen production processes, adding important nuances to the general “colors of hydrogen” scheme that has been used in recent years. CI values for hydrogen production can vary widely both within and across hydrogen production pathways. The lowest CI pathways use biomass or biogas as a feedstock, and solar or wind power. The report also analyses jobs creation from new hydrogen production facilities and shows that these benefits can be significant for large-scale facilities based on either future biomass/biogas-to-hydrogen or solar-hydrogen production technologies. Recommendations include setting stricter goals for the state’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program to continue to reduce the carbon footprint of California’s transportation fuels.Hydrogen fuelshydrogen productionhydrogen storagegreenhouse gasesjobsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0310t8kxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0310t8kx/qt0310t8kx.pdfinfo:doi/10.7922/G26Q1VKRarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt05m741q32026-09-17T13:03:50Zqt05m741q3Making Data-Driven Policy Decisions for the Nation’s First Building Energy Performance StandardsBergfeld, KatieMathew, PaulDuer-Balkind, MarshallPerakis, JamesNoori khah, PegahWalter, travisHeld, Andrew2021-01-06Nearly every major U.S. city has committed itself to ambitious climate action goals – for Washington, DC this means a 50 percent reduction in greenhouse gases by 2032 and carbon neutrality by 2050. In support of these goals, Washington, DC has passed one of the most aggressive and practical climate action bills in the nation—with the Clean Energy DC Omnibus Act, DC became the first city in the U.S. to adopt energy performance standards for existing buildings. DC’s Building Energy Performance Standards (BEPS) require energy efficiency improvements for all commercial and multifamily buildings that do not meet a sector-specific minimum ENERGY STAR score or equivalent metric, with iterative compliance cycles every five years that will accelerate the pace of whole building retrofits. This paper explores this revolutionary policy framework and uses two data analysis projects that DC conducted to evaluate the potential impact of the BEPS and move towards carbon neutrality. First, we analyze the potential energy savings and greenhouse gas reductions, as well as potential cost impacts, from the implementation of a BEPS policy in DC We then examine the role of BEPS in a carbon neutrality strategy, how BEPS savings iterate over time, and what additional existing building improvements will be driven by the gravitational pull of new building codes on median performance. The paper highlights the benefits and limitations of such data-driven approaches to support policy decisions. Finally, we will review ongoing BEPS implementation, including expected policy directions, critical supportive programs, and lessons learned to date.Building efficiencyBuilding performance standardsEnergy Epidemiologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/05m741q3https://escholarship.org/content/qt05m741q3/qt05m741q3.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1gx6f0c32026-09-17T13:03:01Zqt1gx6f0c3Routes and rates of bacterial dispersal impact surface soil microbiome composition and functioningWalters, Kendra ECapocchi, Joia KAlbright, Michaeline BNHao, ZhaoBrodie, Eoin LMartiny, Jennifer BH2022-10-01Recent evidence suggests that, similar to larger organisms, dispersal is a key driver of microbiome assembly; however, our understanding of the rates and taxonomic composition of microbial dispersal in natural environments is limited. Here, we characterized the rate and composition of bacteria dispersing into surface soil via three dispersal routes (from the air above the vegetation, from nearby vegetation and leaf litter near the soil surface, and from the bulk soil and litter below the top layer). We then quantified the impact of those routes on microbial community composition and functioning in the topmost litter layer. The bacterial dispersal rate onto the surface layer was low (7900 cells/cm2/day) relative to the abundance of the resident community. While bacteria dispersed through all three routes at the same rate, only dispersal from above and near the soil surface impacted microbiome composition, suggesting that the composition, not rate, of dispersal influenced community assembly. Dispersal also impacted microbiome functioning. When exposed to dispersal, leaf litter decomposed faster than when dispersal was excluded, although neither decomposition rate nor litter chemistry differed by route. Overall, we conclude that the dispersal routes transport distinct bacterial communities that differentially influence the composition of the surface soil microbiome.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)Bacteria (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gx6f0c3https://escholarship.org/content/qt1gx6f0c3/qt1gx6f0c3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41396-022-01269-warticleThe ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, vol 16, iss 102295 - 2304oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7j53q6ds2026-09-17T12:59:54Zqt7j53q6dsOpenFacadeControl: enabling integration of automated facades with other building systemsGrant, PeterSu, Tzu-ChingFernandes, LuisShackelford, JordanPrakash, AnandCzarneki, StephenYu, Pei-YuLin, Feng-Yi2024-10-10Automated facades are, for the most part, still considered as separate from other building systems throughout the design, installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance cycle. This takes place despite the fact that their energy and comfort performance are deeply interlinked with the operation of lighting and HVAC systems. Over the last two decades, research has shown that there are significant advantages from operating facades as an integrated system with the rest of the building. Nevertheless, significant barriers prevent this type of integration becoming more common. One of them is the lack of a platform that is inexpensive to implement and that easily allows the practical implementation of integrated control algorithms across fenestration and other building systems, using a variety of communications protocols. This is particularly challenging when automated facades are installed in existing buildings, where interaction with legacy building systems that were installed over the past lifetime of the building can require a high degree of interoperability.
OpenFacadeControl (OFC) is an open-source controls framework aimed at unified control of facades and other building systems, including the sharing of third-party sensor information. Through leveraging the Volttron controls platform, it allows the integration of systems and sensors that are manufactured by different companies and that use different communications protocols into an ensemble that functions as a single system. OFC is designed to enable integrated control algorithms of varying degrees of complexity, ranging from simple, heuristic controls to more sophisticated approaches like model-predictive control. Use of a research version to test advanced lighting and shading strategies in a full-scale experimental testbed has demonstrated the ease of deploying advanced control solutions using OpenFacadeControl. This paper presents the structure of OpenFacadeControl and a demonstration case showing the use of OFC in laboratory tests of advanced lighting and fenestration controls that coordinated motorized shades communicating via the BACnet building communications standard and lights communicating via internet-protocol-based application programming interface (API), based on the readings of a shared light level sensor communicating via a different API.Automated facadesdaylightingenergy efficiencyglareintegrated facadesapplication/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j53q6dshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7j53q6ds/qt7j53q6ds.pdfinfo:doi/10.20357/B7MW3Narticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6b99h9962026-09-17T12:59:28Zqt6b99h996Using Field-Metered Data to Characterize Consumer Usage Patterns of Residential DishwashersSun, QingyiKe, JingDunham, CamillaSim, Joong HoonChen, Yuting2023-04-14Pecan Street’s field-metered data offer an opportunity to track actual appliance usage patterns and energy consumption over multiple years, and can supplement data from the US Energy Information Administration’s Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). This report is based on dishwasher metering data collected from more than 500 households located in Texas, California, New York, and Colorado from 2012 to 2021. The historical dishwasher usage frequency, the COVID-19 period usage change, and the potential seasonal trend in usage were investigated. Dishwasher cycle features such as cycle duration, quick cycle usage frequency, and average per cycle dishwasher energy consumption were observed and characterized. Due to the sample size, the lack of demographic data, and the limited geographic locations of the participating households, the results are not nationally representative. However, when compared with the usage frequency reported by RECS, the field-obtained average annual cycle counts per household are 164 in 2015 and 197 in 2020 for selected households which are consistent with the RECS annual cycle counts of 181 and 191 respectively in 2015 and 2020 for the same geographic locations. Our findings support the use of RECS data to approximate field dishwasher usage. The field data usage frequency for households with infrequent dishwasher use could supplement the RECS information to better characterize the national usage distribution of different cycle selections.application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b99h996https://escholarship.org/content/qt6b99h996/qt6b99h996.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9fz4022b2026-09-17T12:59:02Zqt9fz4022bImproved genome editing by an engineered CRISPR-Cas12aMa, EnboChen, KaiShi, HonglueStahl, Elizabeth CAdler, BenTrinidad, MarenaLiu, JunjieZhou, KaihongYe, JinjuanDoudna, Jennifer A2022-12-09CRISPR-Cas12a is an RNA-guided, programmable genome editing enzyme found within bacterial adaptive immune pathways. Unlike CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12a uses only a single catalytic site to both cleave target double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) (cis-activity) and indiscriminately degrade single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (trans-activity). To investigate how the relative potency of cis- versus trans-DNase activity affects Cas12a-mediated genome editing, we first used structure-guided engineering to generate variants of Lachnospiraceae bacterium Cas12a that selectively disrupt trans-activity. The resulting engineered mutant with the biggest differential between cis- and trans-DNase activity in vitro showed minimal genome editing activity in human cells, motivating a second set of experiments using directed evolution to generate additional mutants with robust genome editing activity. Notably, these engineered and evolved mutants had enhanced ability to induce homology-directed repair (HDR) editing by 2-18-fold compared to wild-type Cas12a when using HDR donors containing mismatches with crRNA at the PAM-distal region. Finally, a site-specific reversion mutation produced improved Cas12a (iCas12a) variants with superior genome editing efficiency at genomic sites that are difficult to edit using wild-type Cas12a. This strategy establishes a pipeline for creating improved genome editing tools by combining structural insights with randomization and selection. The available structures of other CRISPR-Cas enzymes will enable this strategy to be applied to improve the efficacy of other genome-editing proteins.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)5.2 Cellular and gene therapies (hrcs-rac)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Humans (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)DNA (mesh)DNASingle-Stranded (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Proteins (mesh)Endodeoxyribonucleases (mesh)Humans (mesh)Endodeoxyribonucleases (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)DNA (mesh)DNASingle-Stranded (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Proteins (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Humans (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)DNA (mesh)DNASingle-Stranded (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Proteins (mesh)Endodeoxyribonucleases (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)08 Information and Computing Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fz4022bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9fz4022b/qt9fz4022b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/nar/gkac1192articleNucleic Acids Research, vol 50, iss 2212689 - 12701oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4xd9p8cp2026-09-17T12:58:49Zqt4xd9p8cpThe DESI N-body Simulation Project – II. Suppressing sample variance with fast simulationsDing, ZhejieChuang, Chia-HsunYu, YuGarrison, Lehman HBayer, Adrian EFeng, YuModi, ChiragEisenstein, Daniel JWhite, MartinVariu, AndreiZhao, ChengZhang, HanyuMeneses Rizo, JenniferBrooks, DavidDawson, KyleDoel, PeterGaztanaga, EnriqueKehoe, RobertKrolewski, AlexLandriau, MartinPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePoppett, Claire2022-06-23ABSTRACT
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will construct a large and precise three-dimensional map of our Universe. The survey effective volume reaches $\sim 20\, h^{-3}\, \mathrm{Gpc}^{3}$. It is a great challenge to prepare high-resolution simulations with a much larger volume for validating the DESI analysis pipelines. AbacusSummit is a suite of high-resolution dark-matter-only simulations designed for this purpose, with $200\, h^{-3}\, \mathrm{Gpc}^{3}$ (10 times DESI volume) for the base cosmology. However, further efforts need to be done to provide a more precise analysis of the data and to cover also other cosmologies. Recently, the CARPool method was proposed to use paired accurate and approximate simulations to achieve high statistical precision with a limited number of high-resolution simulations. Relying on this technique, we propose to use fast quasi-N-body solvers combined with accurate simulations to produce accurate summary statistics. This enables us to obtain 100 times smaller variance than the expected DESI statistical variance at the scales we are interested in, e.g. $k \lt 0.3\, h\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ for the halo power spectrum. In addition, it can significantly suppress the sample variance of the halo bispectrum. We further generalize the method for other cosmologies with only one realization in AbacusSummit suite to extend the effective volume ∼20 times. In summary, our proposed strategy of combining high-fidelity simulations with fast approximate gravity solvers and a series of variance suppression techniques sets the path for a robust cosmological analysis of galaxy survey data.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)methods: statisticalgalaxies: haloescosmology: theorylarge-scale structure of Universe0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xd9p8cphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4xd9p8cp/qt4xd9p8cp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/mnras/stac1501articleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 514, iss 33308 - 3328oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6g4145rq2026-09-17T12:58:26Zqt6g4145rqCosmoFlow: Using Deep Learning to Learn the Universe at ScaleMathuriya, AmritaBard, DeborahMendygral, PeterMeadows, LawrenceArnernann, JamesShao, LeiHe, SiyuKärnä, TuomasMoise, DianaPennycook, Simon JMaschhoff, KristynSewall, JasonKumar, NaliniHo, ShirleyRingenburg, Michael FPrabhatLee, Victor2018-11-11Deep learning is a promising tool to determine the physical model that describes our universe. To handle the considerable computational cost of this problem, we present CosmoFlow: a highly scalable deep learning application built on top of the TensorFlow framework. CosmoFlow uses efficient implementations of 3D convolution and pooling primitives, together with improvements in threading for many element-wise operations, to improve training performance on Intel® Xeon Phi™ processors. We also utilize the Cray PE Machine Learning Plugin for efficient scaling to multiple nodes. We demonstrate fully synchronous data-parallel training on 8192 nodes of Cori with 77% parallel efficiency, achieving 3.5 Pflop/s sustained performance. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale science application of the TensorFlow framework at supercomputer scale with fully-synchronous training. These enhancements enable us to process large 3D dark matter distribution and predict the cosmological parameters $\Omega_{M},\ \sigma_{8}$ and $n_{s}$ with unprecedented accuracy.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)4611 Machine Learning (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)CosmologyDeep LearningMachine LearningTensorFlowHigh Performance Computingastro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMcs.LGphysics.comp-phCosmologyDeep learningmaching learningtensorflowhigh performance computingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g4145rqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6g4145rq/qt6g4145rq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/sc.2018.00068articlePROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE, AND ANALYSIS (SC'18), vol 001 - 11oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9p77f8hc2026-09-17T12:55:18Zqt9p77f8hcSocial technology use and life satisfaction in a five-wave panel study of US adultsKushlev, KostadinMoon, KibumMotyl, MattFast, Nathanael JSchroeder, Juliana2026-08-28Here, in five waves of panel data (N = 1,966 US adults), we examined associations between life satisfaction and self-reported use of ten common social technologies measured every 3 months on a six-point frequency scale from ‘I did not use’ to ‘multiple times daily’. At this measurement level and timescale, Bayesian and frequentist random-intercept cross-lagged panel models showed little credible evidence that any social technology use predicts subsequent life satisfaction. In the reverse direction, increases in life satisfaction predicted only modest increases in (video) calling in select demographic groups. In analyses comparing different people, frequency of texting was associated with higher life satisfaction, whereas frequency of YouTube and TikTok use was associated with lower life satisfaction. Despite limited ability to detect within-person change due to temporal stability in responses, the absence of cross-lagged effects is informative: there is scant evidence of a meaningful relationship between social technology use and subsequent life satisfaction.52 Psychology (for-2020)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p77f8hchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9p77f8hc/qt9p77f8hc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41562-026-02564-8articleNature Human Behaviour1 - 14oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5z70s9362026-09-17T12:55:10Zqt5z70s936EMC Effect of Tritium and Helium-3 from the JLab MARATHON ExperimentAbrams, DAlbataineh, HAljawrneh, BSAlsalmi, SAndroic, DAniol, KArmstrong, WArrington, JAtac, HAverett, TGayoso, C AyerbeBai, XBane, JBarcus, SBeck, ABellini, VBhatt, HBhetuwal, DBiswas, DBlyth, DBoeglin, WBulumulla, DButler, JCamsonne, ACarmignotto, MCastellanos, JChen, J-PCloët, ICCohen, EOCovrig, SCraycraft, KCruz-Torres, RDongwi, BDuran, BDutta, DFomin, NFuchey, EGal, CGautam, TNGilad, SGnanvo, KGogami, TGomez, JGu, CHabarakada, AHague, THansen, J-OHattawy, MHauenstein, FHiginbotham, DWHolt, RJHughes, EWHyde, CIbrahim, HJian, SJoosten, SKarki, AKarki, BKatramatou, ATKeith, CKeppel, CKhachatryan, MKhachatryan, VKhanal, AKievsky, AKing, DKing, PMKorover, IKulagin, SAKumar, KSKutz, TLashley-Colthirst, NLi, SLi, WLiu, HLiuti, SLiyanage, NMarkowitz, PMcClellan, REMeekins, DBeck, S Mey-TalMeziani, Z-EMichaels, RMihovilovic, MNelyubin, VNguyen, DNuruzzamanNycz, MObrecht, ROlson, MOwen, VFPace, EPandey, BPandey, VPaolone, MPapadopoulou, APark, SPaul, SPetratos, GGPetti, R2025-08-08Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the high resolution spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken x range from 0.20 to 0.83, corresponding to a squared four-momentum transfer Q^{2} range from 2.7 to 11.9 (GeV/c)^{2}, and to an invariant mass W of the final hadronic state greater than 1.84 GeV/c^{2}. The tritium EMC effect measurement is the first of its kind. The MARATHON experimental results are compared to results from previous measurements by DESY-HERMES and JLab-Hall C experiments, as well as with few-body theoretical predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z70s936https://escholarship.org/content/qt5z70s936/qt5z70s936.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/31xz-s84darticlePhysical Review Letters, vol 135, iss 6062502oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6sd471qg2026-09-17T12:54:43Zqt6sd471qgImpact Report: Quantum Systems AcceleratorMuller, Rickde Jong, Bert2023-04-01application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sd471qghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6sd471qg/qt6sd471qg.pdfinfo:doi/10.2172/1972372articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5q4749c72026-09-17T12:54:17Zqt5q4749c7The Pain of Ghosting? People Underestimate How Bad Their Conversation Partners Feel About Not Responding.Li, SophiaZheng, CoralSchroeder, Juliana2026-08-31Although online communication platforms provide convenience, they also bring a risk of ghosting, when one person unexpectedly stops responding to another without explanation. Extending prior research that examines the pain of being ghosted, we instead examine whether the act of ghosting itself is emotionally painful - and whether people recognize the extent of ghosters' bad feelings. Across three studies - recalled real ghosting experiences (N = 195), imagined ghosting scenarios (N = 601), and induced ghosting in a live interaction (N = 350) - we find that people who are ghosted underestimate how bad their conversation partners feel about ghosting them. This underestimation is larger when the ghosting is unintentional and mitigated when communicators do not perceive their actions as ghosting or send a short response (e.g., "sorry, can't talk") instead of ghosting. Overall, this research provides a window into the overlooked pain of ghosting others.5205 Social and Personality Psychology (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Pain Research (rcdc)Chronic Pain (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)communicationinterpersonal relationshipssocial exclusion/rejectionsocial interactionwell-being1701 Psychology (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)Social Psychology (science-metrix)5205 Social and personality psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q4749c7https://escholarship.org/content/qt5q4749c7/qt5q4749c7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1177/01461672261478732articlePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin1461672261478732oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jk9b7bc2026-09-17T12:54:03Zqt3jk9b7bcMeasurement of the Nucleon F2n/F2p Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering ExperimentAbrams, DAlbataineh, HAljawrneh, BSAlsalmi, SAndroic, DAniol, KArmstrong, WArrington, JAtac, HAverett, TGayoso, C AyerbeBai, XBane, JBarcus, SBeck, ABellini, VBhatt, HBhetuwal, DBiswas, DBlyth, DBoeglin, WBulumulla, DButler, JCamsonne, ACarmignotto, MCastellanos, JChen, J-PCohen, EOCovrig, SCraycraft, KCruz-Torres, RDongwi, BDuran, BDutta, DFuchey, EGal, CGautam, TNGilad, SGnanvo, KGogami, TGomez, JGu, CHabarakada, AHague, THansen, J-OHattawy, MHauenstein, FHiginbotham, DWHolt, RJHughes, EWHyde, CIbrahim, HJian, SJoosten, SKarki, AKarki, BKatramatou, ATKeith, CKeppel, CKhachatryan, MKhachatryan, VKhanal, AKievsky, AKing, DKing, PMKorover, IKulagin, SAKumar, KSKutz, TLashley-Colthirst, NLi, SLi, WLiu, HLiuti, SLiyanage, NMarkowitz, PMcClellan, REMeekins, DBeck, S Mey-TalMeziani, Z-EMichaels, RMihovilovic, MNelyubin, VNguyen, DNuruzzamanNycz, MObrecht, ROlson, MOwen, VFPace, EPandey, BPandey, VPaolone, MPapadopoulou, APark, SPaul, SPetratos, GGPetti, RPiasetzky, EPomatsalyuk, R2022-04-01The ratio of the nucleon F_{2} structure functions, F_{2}^{n}/F_{2}^{p}, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ^{3}H and ^{3}He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range 0.195106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jk9b7bcinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.128.132003articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 128, iss 13132003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5bs8h4t52026-09-17T12:53:06Zqt5bs8h4t5Copyright as Information Policy: Google Book Search from a Law and Economics PerspectiveLichtman, Douglas2008-01-01The copyright system has long been understood to play a critical role when it comes to the development and distribution of creative work. Copyright serves a second fundamental purpose, however: it encourages the development and distribution of related technologies like hardware that might be used to duplicate creative work and software that can manipulate it. When it comes to issues of online infringement, then, copyright policy serves two goals, not one: protect the incentives copyright has long served to provide authors, and at the same time facilitate the continued emergence of innovative Internet services and equipment. In this Chapter, I use the Google Book Search litigation as a lens through which to study copyright law’s efforts to serve these two sometimes-competing masters. The Google case is an ideal lens for this purpose because both the technology implications and the authorship implications are apparent. With respect to the technology, Google tells us that the only way for it to build its Book Search engine is to have copyright law excuse the infringement that is today by design part of the project. With respect to authorship, copyright owners are resisting that result for fear that the infringement here could significantly erode both author control and author profitability over the long run. I myself am optimistic that copyright law can and will balance these valid concerns. The Chapter explains how, discussing not only the formal legal rules but also the economic intuitions behind them.copyrightlaw and economicsGoogleGoogle Book Searchfair useapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bs8h4t5https://escholarship.org/content/qt5bs8h4t5/qt5bs8h4t5.pdfarticleINNOVATION POLICY AND THE ECONOMY,, vol 9oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6jz2s0xz2026-09-17T12:51:04Zqt6jz2s0xzMeasurement of the Nucleon $F^n_2/F^p_2$ Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering ExperimentCollaboration, MARATHONAbrams, DAlbataineh, HAljawrneh, BSAlsalmi, SAniol, KArmstrong, WArrington, JAtac, HAverett, TGayoso, C AyerbeBai, XBane, JBarcus, SBeck, ABellini, VBhatt, HBhetuwal, DBiswas, DBlyth, DBoeglin, WBulumulla, DButler, JCamsonne, ACarmignotto, MCastellanos, JChen, J-PCohen, EOCovrig, SCraycraft, KCruz-Torres, RDongwi, BDuran, BDutta, DFuchey, EGal, CGautam, TNGilad, SGnanvo, KGogami, TGomez, JGu, CHabarakada, AHague, THansen, J-OHattawy, MHauenstein, FHiginbotham, DWHolt, RJHughes, EWHyde, CIbrahim, HJian, SJoosten, SKarki, AKarki, BKatramatou, ATKeith, CKeppel, CKhachatryan, MKhachatryan, VKhanal, AKievsky, AKing, DKing, PMKorover, IKulagin, SAKumar, KSKutz, TLashley-Colthirst, NLi, SLi, WLiu, HLiuti, SLiyanage, NMarkowitz, PMcClellan, REMeekins, DBeck, S Mey-TalMeziani, Z-EMichaels, RMihovilovic, MNelyubin, VNguyen, DNuruzzamanNycz, MObrecht, ROlson, MOwen, VFPace, EPandey, BPandey, VPaolone, MPapadopoulou, APark, SPaul, SPetratos, GGPetti, RPiasetzky, EPomatsalyuk, R2021-04-12The ratio of the nucleon $F_2$ structure functions, $F_2^n/F_2^p$, is
determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic
scattering of electrons from $^3$H and $^3$He nuclei. The experiment was
performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab and used two high resolution
spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which
included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique
exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates
many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results,
which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range $0.19 < x < 0.83$, represent a
significant improvement compared to previous SLAC and Jefferson Lab
measurements for the ratio. They are compared to recent theoretical
calculations and empirical determinations of the $F_2^n/F_2^p$ ratio.hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jz2s0xzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6jz2s0xz/qt6jz2s0xz.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9m90p3qh2026-09-17T12:50:46Zqt9m90p3qhCALCULATING AVERAGE HOT WATER MIXES OF RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING FITTINGS Using the ANSI 301-2019 Hot Water Draw Model and National Residential Data to Estimate Hot Water Use in Showerheads and Lavatory FaucetsChen, YutingFuchs, HeidiSchein, JonahFranco, VictorStratton, HannahDunham, Camilla2020-06-01faucetsshowerheadsWaterSensehot waterwater conservationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m90p3qhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9m90p3qh/qt9m90p3qh.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8tk4v5n52026-09-17T12:50:11Zqt8tk4v5n5Comparative genomics of Mortierella elongata and its bacterial endosymbiont Mycoavidus cysteinexigensUehling, JGryganskyi, AHameed, KTschaplinski, TMisztal, PKWu, SDesirò, APol, N VandeDu, ZZienkiewicz, AZienkiewicz, KMorin, ETisserant, ESplivallo, RHainaut, MHenrissat, BOhm, RKuo, AYan, JLipzen, ANolan, MLaButti, KBarry, KGoldstein, AHLabbé, JSchadt, CTuskan, GGrigoriev, IMartin, FVilgalys, RBonito, G2017-08-01Endosymbiosis of bacteria by eukaryotes is a defining feature of cellular evolution. In addition to well-known bacterial origins for mitochondria and chloroplasts, multiple origins of bacterial endosymbiosis are known within the cells of diverse animals, plants and fungi. Early-diverging lineages of terrestrial fungi harbor endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the Burkholderiaceae. We sequenced the metagenome of the soil-inhabiting fungus Mortierella elongata and assembled the complete circular chromosome of its endosymbiont, Mycoavidus cysteinexigens, which we place within a lineage of endofungal symbionts that are sister clade to Burkholderia. The genome of M. elongata strain AG77 features a core set of primary metabolic pathways for degradation of simple carbohydrates and lipid biosynthesis, while the M. cysteinexigens (AG77) genome is reduced in size and function. Experiments using antibiotics to cure the endobacterium from the host demonstrate that the fungal host metabolism is highly modulated by presence/absence of M. cysteinexigens. Independent comparative phylogenomic analyses of fungal and bacterial genomes are consistent with an ancient origin for M. elongata - M. cysteinexigens symbiosis, most likely over 350 million years ago and concomitant with the terrestrialization of Earth and diversification of land fungi and plants.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)Base Sequence (mesh)Burkholderiaceae (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Lipid Metabolism (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Mortierella (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Animals (mesh)Burkholderiaceae (mesh)Mortierella (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Base Sequence (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Lipid Metabolism (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Animals (mesh)Base Sequence (mesh)Burkholderiaceae (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Lipid Metabolism (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Mortierella (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)0603 Evolutionary Biology (for)0605 Microbiology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tk4v5n5info:doi/10.1111/1462-2920.13669articleEnvironmental Microbiology, vol 19, iss 82964 - 2983oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3sx5407w2026-09-17T12:50:01Zqt3sx5407wWarming and provenance limit tree recruitment across and beyond the elevation range of subalpine forestKueppers, Lara MConlisk, ErinCastanha, CristinaMoyes, Andrew BGermino, Matthew Jde Valpine, PerryTorn, Margaret SMitton, Jeffry B2017-06-01Climate niche models project that subalpine forest ranges will extend upslope with climate warming. These projections assume that the climate suitable for adult trees will be adequate for forest regeneration, ignoring climate requirements for seedling recruitment, a potential demographic bottleneck. Moreover, local genetic adaptation is expected to facilitate range expansion, with tree populations at the upper forest edge providing the seed best adapted to the alpine. Here, we test these expectations using a novel combination of common gardens, seeded with two widely distributed subalpine conifers, and climate manipulations replicated at three elevations. Infrared heaters raised temperatures in heated plots, but raised temperatures more in the forest than at or above treeline because strong winds at high elevation reduced heating efficiency. Watering increased season-average soil moisture similarly across sites. Contrary to expectations, warming reduced Engelmann spruce recruitment at and above treeline, as well as in the forest. Warming reduced limber pine first-year recruitment in the forest, but had no net effect on fourth-year recruitment at any site. Watering during the snow-free season alleviated some negative effects of warming, indicating that warming exacerbated water limitations. Contrary to expectations of local adaptation, low-elevation seeds of both species initially recruited more strongly than high-elevation seeds across the elevation gradient, although the low-provenance advantage diminished by the fourth year for Engelmann spruce, likely due to small sample sizes. High- and low-elevation provenances responded similarly to warming across sites for Engelmann spruce, but differently for limber pine. In the context of increasing tree mortality, lower recruitment at all elevations with warming, combined with lower quality, high-provenance seed being most available for colonizing the alpine, portends range contraction for Engelmann spruce. The lower sensitivity of limber pine to warming indicates a potential for this species to become more important in subalpine forest communities in the coming centuries.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)Climate (mesh)Forests (mesh)Picea (mesh)Pinus (mesh)Trees (mesh)alpine treelineclimate change experimentEngelmann sprucelimber pinePicea engelmanniiPinus flexilisseedling demographyspecies range shiftPicea (mesh)Pinus (mesh)Trees (mesh)Climate (mesh)Forests (mesh)Picea engelmanniiPinus flexilisEngelmann sprucealpine treelineclimate change experimentlimber pineseedling demographyspecies range shiftClimate (mesh)Forests (mesh)Picea (mesh)Pinus (mesh)Trees (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sx5407whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3sx5407w/qt3sx5407w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/gcb.13561articleGlobal Change Biology, vol 23, iss 62383 - 2395oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6zf8g5h82026-09-17T12:49:39Zqt6zf8g5h8Self-assembled nanoparticle micro-shells templated by liquid crystal sortingRodarte, Andrea LCao, Blessing HPanesar, HarmanpreetPandolfi, Ronald JQuint, MakikoEdwards, LaurenGhosh, SayantaniHein, Jason EHirst, Linda S2015-03-07A current goal in nanotechnology focuses on the assembly of different nanoparticle types into 3D organized structures. In this paper we report the use of a liquid crystal host phase in a new process for the generation of micron-scale vesicle-like nanoparticle shells stabilized by ligand-ligand interactions. The constructs formed consist of a robust, thin spherical layer, composed of closely packed quantum dots (QDs) and stabilized by local crystallization of the mesogenic ligands. Ligand structure can be tuned to vary QD packing within the shell and made UV cross-linkable to allow for intact shell extraction into toluene. The assembly method we describe could be extended to other nanoparticle types (metallic, magnetic etc.), where hollow shell formation is controlled by thermally sorting mesogen-functionalized nanoparticles in a liquid crystalline host material at the isotropic to nematic transition. This process represents a versatile method for making non-planar 3D nano-assemblies.3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Chemical Physics (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zf8g5h8https://escholarship.org/content/qt6zf8g5h8/qt6zf8g5h8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/c4sm02326aarticleSoft Matter, vol 11, iss 91701 - 1707oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt293623hr2026-09-17T12:46:40Zqt293623hrAtmospheric benzenoid emissions from plants rival those from fossil fuelsMisztal, PKHewitt, CNWildt, JBlande, JDEller, ASDFares, SGentner, DRGilman, JBGraus, MGreenberg, JGuenther, ABHansel, AHarley, PHuang, MJardine, KKarl, TKaser, LKeutsch, FNKiendler-Scharr, AKleist, ELerner, BMLi, TMak, JNölscher, ACSchnitzhofer, RSinha, VThornton, BWarneke, CWegener, FWerner, CWilliams, JWorton, DRYassaa, NGoldstein, AH2015-07-13Despite the known biochemical production of a range of aromatic compounds by plants and the presence of benzenoids in floral scents, the emissions of only a few benzenoid compounds have been reported from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Here, using evidence from measurements at aircraft, ecosystem, tree, branch and leaf scales, with complementary isotopic labeling experiments, we show that vegetation (leaves, flowers and phytoplankton) emits a wide variety of benzenoid compounds to the atmosphere at substantial rates. Controlled environment experiments show that plants are able to alter their metabolism to produce and release many benzenoids under stress conditions. The functions of these compounds remain unclear but may be related to chemical communication and protection against stress. We estimate the total global secondary organic aerosol potential from biogenic benzenoids to be similar to that from anthropogenic benzenoids (~10 Tg y−1), pointing to the importance of these natural emissions in atmospheric physics and chemistry.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Atmosphere (mesh)Benzene (mesh)Climate (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Fossil Fuels (mesh)StressPhysiological (mesh)Trees (mesh)Volatile Organic Compounds (mesh)Trees (mesh)Benzene (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Fossil Fuels (mesh)Atmosphere (mesh)Climate (mesh)StressPhysiological (mesh)Volatile Organic Compounds (mesh)Atmosphere (mesh)Benzene (mesh)Climate (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Fossil Fuels (mesh)StressPhysiological (mesh)Trees (mesh)Volatile Organic Compounds (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/293623hrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt293623hr/qt293623hr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/srep12064articleScientific Reports, vol 5, iss 112064oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1rj094262026-09-17T12:45:50Zqt1rj09426Emulating the Lyman-Alpha forest 1D power spectrum from cosmological simulations: new models and constraints from the eBOSS measurementWalther, MichaelSchöneberg, NilsChabanier, SolèneArmengaud, EricSexton, JeanYèche, ChristopheLesgourgues, JulienMosbech, Markus RRavoux, CorentinPalanque-Delabrouille, NathalieLukić, Zarija2025-05-01We present the Lyssa suite of high-resolution cosmological simulations of the Lyman-α forest designed for cosmological analyses. These 18 simulations have been run using the Nyx code with 40963 hydrodynamical cells in a 120 Mpc (∼ 81 Mpc/h) comoving box and individually provide sub-percent level convergence of the Lyman-α forest 1d flux power spectrum. We build a Gaussian process emulator for the Lyssa simulations in the lym1d likelihood framework to interpolate the power spectrum at arbitrary parameter values. We validate this emulator based on leave-one-out tests and based on the parameter constraints for simulations outside of the training set. We also perform comparisons with a previous emulator, showing a percent level accuracy and a good recovery of the expected cosmological parameters. Using this emulator we derive constraints on the linear matter power spectrum amplitude and slope parameters A Lyα and n Lyα . While the best-fit Planck ΛCDM model has A Lyα = 8.79 and n Lyα = -2.363, from DR14 eBOSS data we find that A Lyα < 7.6 (95% CI) and n Lyα = -2.369 ± 0.008. The low value of A Lyα , in tension with Planck, is driven by the correlation of this parameter with the mean transmission of the Lyman-α forest. This tension disappears when imposing a well-motivated external prior on this mean transmission, in which case we find A Lyα = 9.8 ± 1.1 in accordance with Planck.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Lyman alpha forestcosmological parameters from LSS0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rj09426https://escholarship.org/content/qt1rj09426/qt1rj09426.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/05/099articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 05099oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6w95x1bf2026-09-17T12:45:45Zqt6w95x1bfSubstitutes for the Doctrine of Equivalents: A Response to Meurer and NardLichtman, Douglas2005-01-01The doctrine of equivalents is under attack - by the Federal Circuit, which has in recent years significantly constrained its application through the introduction of more aggressive estoppel and public disclosure rules; and by patent law scholars, who with increasing regularity urge that the doctrine be pared down or even fully repealed. This short Essay is framed as a response to one particular scholarly commentary, but it is in fact an attempt to state more broadly the case in favor of the doctrine of equivalents. My argument is that the doctrine serves three significant goals: it ensures that patent protection remains viable despite the limitations of language and foresight; it discourages wasteful efforts to perfect claim language; and, most importantly, it empowers the patent system to make better decisions by bringing into the process information that is systematically unavailable at the time when literal patent claims are written. No other patent system mechanism accomplishes these three objectives as completely. Thus, while I survey alternative approaches to claim articulation (what I describe in the title as substitutes for the doctrine of equivalents), my argument at its core is that the doctrine of equivalents has no substitutes. Not the reissue proceeding. Not the use of continuation applications. And certainly not more aggressive attempts at literal claim drafting.patent lawdoctrine of equivalentsequivalents analysisprosecuiton history estoppelreissuepatent claimdraftingcontinuationsFestoapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w95x1bfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6w95x1bf/qt6w95x1bf.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3kd7b1qn2026-09-17T12:45:41Zqt3kd7b1qnNew Probe of Cosmic Birefringence Using Galaxy Polarization and ShapesYin, Weichen Winston尹維晨Dai, Liang戴亮Huang, Junwu黄俊午Ji, Lingyuan吉聆远Ferraro, Simone2025-04-25We propose a novel statistical method to measure cosmic birefringence and demonstrate its power in probing parity violation due to axions. Exploiting an empirical correlation between the integrated radio polarization direction of a spiral galaxy and its apparent shape, we devise an unbiased minimum-variance estimator for the rotation angle, which should achieve an uncertainty of 5°-15° per galaxy. Large galaxy samples from the forthcoming SKA continuum surveys, together with optical shape catalogs, promise a comparable or even lower noise power spectrum for the rotation angle than in the CMB Stage-IV (CMB-S4) experiment, with different systematics.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kd7b1qnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3kd7b1qn/qt3kd7b1qn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.134.161001articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 134, iss 16161001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8d04g3cn2026-09-17T12:45:14Zqt8d04g3cnThe Importance of Accounting for Landscape Position When Investigating Grasslands: A Multidisciplinary Characterisation of a California Coastal GrasslandRowley, Mike CFalco, NicolaPegoraro, ElaineDafflon, BaptisteGerlein‐Safdi, CynthiaWu, YuxinCastanha, CristinaPeña, JasquelinNico, Peter STorn, Margaret S2024-06-01Abstract Grasslands are one of the most common land‐cover types, providing important ecosystem services globally, yet few studies have examined grassland critical‐zone functioning throughout hillslopes. This study characterised a coastal grassland over a small hillslope at Point Reyes National Seashore, California, using multidisciplinary techniques, combining remotely‐sensed, geophysical, plant, and soil measurements. Clustering techniques delineated the study area into four landscape zones, up‐, mid‐, and down‐slope, and a bordering riparian ecotone, which had distinct environmental properties that varied spatially across the site, with depth, and time. Soil moisture increased with depth and down slope towards a bordering riparian zone, and co‐varied with soil CO 2 flux rates both spatially and temporally. This highlighted three distinct controls of soil moisture on soil respiration: CO 2 fluxes were inhibited by high moisture content in the down‐slope during the wet winter months, and converged across landscape positions in the dry summer months, while also displaying post‐rain pulses. The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) ranged from 0.32 (September)–0.80 (April) and correlated positively with soil moisture and aboveground biomass, moving down slope. Yet, NDVI, aboveground biomass, and soil moisture were not correlated to soil organic carbon (SOC) content (0.4%–4.5%), which was highest in the mid‐slope. The SOC content may instead be linked to shifts in dominant grassland species and their rhizosphere properties with landscape position. This multidisciplinary characterisation highlighted significant heterogeneity in grassland properties with landscape position, and demonstrated an approach that could be used to characterise other critical‐zone environments on hillslopes.
Plain Language Summary Globally, grasslands are both common and important landscapes, but less studies have investigated the influence of hillslope processes on these environments and their properties. This study investigated a coastal grassland on a hillslope at Point Reyes National Seashore, California, by combining data sets from different disciplines, covering satellite, field, and laboratory measurements. The site could be grouped into four environmental zones with different properties along the hillslope. Satellite measurements revealed that plants were more active in the wetter, down‐slope throughout the dry summer months. Soil carbon content was not linked directly to soil moisture. Yet, soil carbon dioxide emissions were related to soil moisture, displaying three different behaviors depending on the moisture level. First, soil carbon dioxide emission was lower in the down‐slope during the wet months (negative relationship), but then behaved similarly at all slope locations during the summer and early fall, and increased when it rained (positive relationship). The clustering analysis showed that our site varied significantly over a small distance (<8 m elevation and 150 m distance) and time (1 yr). Beyond the investigation of this specific site, this study highlights an approach for combining data sets to study ecosystems along hillslopes.
Key Points The study used a critical‐zone approach to combine multidisciplinary data sets and characterise a California coastal grassland Heterogeneity was large over a short distance (<150 m) and time (1 yr) and could be clustered by landscape position into four distinct zones Soil CO 2 fluxes exhibited contrasting responses to soil moisture, which differed with slope and season at the grassland3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3702 Climate Change Science (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)critical-zone approachlandscape cluster analysissoil carbon dioxide fluxesNDVIsoil organic carbon contentsoil moisture content0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0502 Environmental Science and Management (for)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)3707 Hydrology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d04g3cnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8d04g3cn/qt8d04g3cn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2023ef004208articleEarth's Future, vol 12, iss 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6wn4c76s2026-09-17T12:41:53Zqt6wn4c76sHT-SIP: a semi-automated stable isotope probing pipeline identifies cross-kingdom interactions in the hyphosphere of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiNuccio, Erin EBlazewicz, Steven JLafler, MarissaCampbell, Ashley NKakouridis, AnneKimbrel, Jeffrey AWollard, JessicaVyshenska, DariiaRiley, RobertTomatsu, AndyHestrin, RachelMalmstrom, Rex RFirestone, MaryPett-Ridge, Jennifer2022-11-25BackgroundLinking the identity of wild microbes with their ecophysiological traits and environmental functions is a key ambition for microbial ecologists. Of many techniques that strive for this goal, Stable-isotope probing—SIP—remains among the most comprehensive for studying whole microbial communities in situ. In DNA-SIP, actively growing microorganisms that take up an isotopically heavy substrate build heavier DNA, which can be partitioned by density into multiple fractions and sequenced. However, SIP is relatively low throughput and requires significant hands-on labor. We designed and tested a semi-automated, high-throughput SIP (HT-SIP) pipeline to support well-replicated, temporally resolved amplicon and metagenomics experiments. We applied this pipeline to a soil microhabitat with significant ecological importance—the hyphosphere zone surrounding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) hyphae. AMF form symbiotic relationships with most plant species and play key roles in terrestrial nutrient and carbon cycling.ResultsOur HT-SIP pipeline for fractionation, cleanup, and nucleic acid quantification of density gradients requires one-sixth of the hands-on labor compared to manual SIP and allows 16 samples to be processed simultaneously. Automated density fractionation increased the reproducibility of SIP gradients compared to manual fractionation, and we show adding a non-ionic detergent to the gradient buffer improved SIP DNA recovery. We applied HT-SIP to 13C-AMF hyphosphere DNA from a 13CO2 plant labeling study and created metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) using high-resolution SIP metagenomics (14 metagenomes per gradient). SIP confirmed the AMF Rhizophagus intraradices and associated MAGs were highly enriched (10–33 atom% 13C), even though the soils’ overall enrichment was low (1.8 atom% 13C). We assembled 212 13C-hyphosphere MAGs; the hyphosphere taxa that assimilated the most AMF-derived 13C were from the phyla Myxococcota, Fibrobacterota, Verrucomicrobiota, and the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon genus Nitrososphaera.ConclusionsOur semi-automated HT-SIP approach decreases operator time and improves reproducibility by targeting the most labor-intensive steps of SIP—fraction collection and cleanup. We illustrate this approach in a unique and understudied soil microhabitat—generating MAGs of actively growing microbes living in the AMF hyphosphere (without plant roots). The MAGs’ phylogenetic composition and gene content suggest predation, decomposition, and ammonia oxidation may be key processes in hyphosphere nutrient cycling.1Ep-TvDfGR-SFqLGobimTCVideo Abstract3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Mycorrhizae (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Ammonia (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Soil (mesh)Isotopes (mesh)Plants (mesh)DNA (mesh)Stable-isotope probingMetagenomicsMicrobial communityArbuscular mycorrhizal fungiSIPAMFSoilBacteriaArchaeaAmmonia oxidationMycorrhizae (mesh)Plants (mesh)Ammonia (mesh)Isotopes (mesh)DNA (mesh)Soil (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)AMFAmmonia oxidationArbuscular mycorrhizal fungiArchaeaBacteriaMetagenomicsMicrobial communitySIPSoilStable-isotope probingMycorrhizae (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Ammonia (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Soil (mesh)Isotopes (mesh)Plants (mesh)DNA (mesh)0602 Ecology (for)0605 Microbiology (for)1108 Medical Microbiology (for)3104 Evolutionary biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wn4c76shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6wn4c76s/qt6wn4c76s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s40168-022-01391-zarticleMicrobiome, vol 10, iss 1199oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8c88r2ck2026-09-17T12:41:24Zqt8c88r2ckTopological network analysis of patient similarity for precision management of acute blood pressure in spinal cord injuryTorres-Espín, AbelHaefeli, JennyEhsanian, RezaTorres, DoloresAlmeida, Carlos AHuie, J RussellChou, AustinMorozov, DmitriySanderson, NicoleDirlikov, BenjaminSuen, Catherine GNielson, Jessica LKyritsis, NikosHemmerle, Debra DTalbott, Jason FManley, Geoffrey TDhall, Sanjay SWhetstone, William DBresnahan, Jacqueline CBeattie, Michael SMcKenna, Stephen LPan, Jonathan ZFerguson, Adam RBeattieBresnahan, JCBurke, JFChou, Ade Almeida, CADhall, SSDiGiorgio, AMDoung-Fernandez, XFerguson, ARHaefeli, JHemmerle, DDHuieKyritsis, NManley, GTMoncivais, SOmondi, CPan, JZPascual, LUSingh, VTalbott, JFThomas, LHTorres-Espin, AWeinstein, PWhetstone, WD2021-11-16Background: Predicting neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is challenging. Using topological data analysis, we have previously shown that mean arterial pressure (MAP) during SCI surgery predicts long-term functional recovery in rodent models, motivating the present multicenter study in patients.
Methods: Intra-operative monitoring records and neurological outcome data were extracted (n = 118 patients). We built a similarity network of patients from a low-dimensional space embedded using a non-linear algorithm, Isomap, and ensured topological extraction using persistent homology metrics. Confirmatory analysis was conducted through regression methods.
Results: Network analysis suggested that time outside of an optimum MAP range (hypotension or hypertension) during surgery was associated with lower likelihood of neurological recovery at hospital discharge. Logistic and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression confirmed these findings, revealing an optimal MAP range of 76-[104-117] mmHg associated with neurological recovery.
Conclusions: We show that deviation from this optimal MAP range during SCI surgery predicts lower probability of neurological recovery and suggest new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Funding: NIH/NINDS: R01NS088475 (ARF); R01NS122888 (ARF); UH3NS106899 (ARF); Department of Veterans Affairs: 1I01RX002245 (ARF), I01RX002787 (ARF); Wings for Life Foundation (ATE, ARF); Craig H. Neilsen Foundation (ARF); and DOD: SC150198 (MSB); SC190233 (MSB).32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Spinal Cord Injury (rcdc)Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects (rcdc)Traumatic Head and Spine Injury (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Arterial Pressure (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)MonitoringIntraoperative (mesh)Recovery of Function (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Spinal Cord Injuries (mesh)topological networks analysisspinal cord injuryblood pressuremachine learningsurgeryHumanTRACK-SCI InvestigatorsHumans (mesh)Spinal Cord Injuries (mesh)MonitoringIntraoperative (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Recovery of Function (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Arterial Pressure (mesh)blood pressurecomputational biologyhumanmachine learningmedicinespinal cord injurysurgerysystems biologytopological networks analysisAdult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Arterial Pressure (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)MonitoringIntraoperative (mesh)Recovery of Function (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Spinal Cord Injuries (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c88r2ckhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8c88r2ck/qt8c88r2ck.pdfinfo:doi/10.7554/elife.68015articleELIFE, vol 10e68015oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt75r2219h2026-09-17T12:39:06Zqt75r2219hRethinking Prosecution History EstoppelLichtman, Douglas2004-01-01Under the rule of prosecution history estoppel, patent applicants who amend their claims during the course of patent prosecution assume a significant risk: namely, the risk that a court will later construe the changes as concessions that should be read to limit patent scope. This risk is exacerbated by strong evidentiary presumptions under which courts are to assume, unless the patentee presents sufficient evidence otherwise, that every change triggers estoppel, and that the resulting estoppel forfeits everything except that which the revised language literally describes. The justification for these presumptions is that, implemented in this fashion, prosecution history estoppel makes patent scope more predictable. In this Article, I argue that the benefit comes at too high a price. Drawing on a large empirical study of patent prosecution, I show that, because of these evidentiary presumptions, estoppel is dangerously sensitive to differences between patent examiners and differences across technology categories. That is, estoppel treats similar applications in dissimilar ways, not because of differences on the merits, but instead because of the personal characteristics of the examiners involved and because of differences inherent to the types of technology at issue. A better rule, I argue, would minimize the significance of examiner and technology disparities by reversing the current evidentiary presumptions and thus recognizing estoppel only where there is clear evidence that the applicant and the examiner intended to forfeit a given scope of coverage.patentpatent prosecutionpatent officeestoppelprosecution history estoppelequivalentsdoctrine of equivalentspatent examinerconsistencyexaminer consistencyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/75r2219hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt75r2219h/qt75r2219h.pdfarticleUniversity of Chicago Law Review, vol 71oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3164p5512026-09-17T12:35:13Zqt3164p5518th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment & Prevention 19–22 July 2015, Vancouver, CanadaPate, Kelly MetcalfPohlmeyer, ChrisWalker‐Sperling, VictoriaFoote, JeremyNajarro, KevinCryer, CatherineSalgado, MariaGama, LucioEngle, ElizabethShirk, ErinQueen, SuzanneChioma, StanleyVermillion, MeghanBullock, BrandonLi, MingLyons, ClaireAdams, RobertZink, ChrisClements, JaniceMankowski, JosephBlankson, JoelMicci, LucaRyan, EmilyFromentin, RémiBenne, ClarisseChomont, NicolasLifson, JeffreyPaiardini, MirkoLee, SulggiChomont, NicolasFromentin, RemiSilicano, RobertSilicano, JanetRichman, DouglasO'Doherty, UnaPalmer, SarahBurbelo, PeterDeeks, StevenGhneim, KhaderAhlers, JeffFourati, SlimShive, CareyCameron, MarkMukerjee, PranabGhannoum, MahmoudRodriguez, BenignoDeeks, StevenLederman, MichaelSekaly, RafickFrange, PierreFaye, AlbertAvettand‐Fenoel, VeroniqueBellaton, ErainnaDeschamps, DianeAngin, MathieuCaillat‐Zucman, SophiePeytavin, GillesLe Chenadec, JeromeWarszawski, JosianeRouzioux, ChristineSaez‐Cirion, AsierCohort, ANRS Epf‐Co10 PediatricChang, ChristinaCameron, PaulElliott, JulianPerelson, AlanRoche, MichaelDantanarayana, AshantiSolomon, AjanthaNaranbhai, VivekTenakoon, SurekhaHoh, RebeccaMcMahon, JamesSikaris, KenHartogensis, WendyBacchetti, PeterHecht, FrederickLifson, JeffreyDeeks, SteveLewin, SharonByrareddy, SiddappaArthos, JamesCicala, ClaudiaReimann, KeithParslow, TristramSantangelo, PhilipVillinger, FrancoisFauci, AnthonyAnsari, AftabGeorge, MichaelWeiser, BarbaraBurger, HaroldLewy, TylerAnastos, KathrynAsmuth, DavidSomsouk, MaHunt, PeterMin, ZhongMiller, ChristopherLi, Xiao Dong2015-07-01Sensitive assays are needed for detection of residual HIV in patients with undetectable plasma viral loads to determine if eradication strategies are effective. The gold standard quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) underestimates the magnitude of the viral reservoir, while sensitive PCR‐based assays lack the ability to distinguish replication competent from defective virus. We sought to determine whether xenograft of leukocytes from HIV‐1 infected patients with undetectable plasma viral loads into severely immunocompromised mice would result in viral amplification and measurable viral loads within the aberrant murine host. We evaluated whether xenograft of 1) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five HIV‐1+ patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), 2) PBMCs or purified resting CD4+ T cells from 5 HIV‐1+ elite suppressors (ES), or 3) PBMCs from a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)+ pigtailed macaque on suppressive ART, all with undetectable plasma viral loads, into NOD. Cg‐PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice resulted in viral amplification in the mouse. Successful xenograft of mice was confirmed by flow cytometry. Human CD8+ T cells were depleted in humanized mice with depleting antibody, and CD4+ T cells were activated in a subset of mice with activating anti‐CD3. Plasma viral loads in xenografted mice were quantified using qRT‐PCR, and compared to plasma viral load and QVOA results from the human or macaque donor. With this murine viral outgrowth assay (MVOA), we amplified HIV‐1 from all 10 HIV+ subjects with undetectable plasma viral load, including an ES from whom we were unable to recover virus by QVOA. We detected HIV in mice an average of 20 days after xenograft with PBMCs from patients on suppressive ART, and an average of 28 days after xenograft with PBMCs or resting CD4+ T cells from ES. For two of the mice xenografted with CD4+ T cells from ES, we detected HIV only after activation with anti‐CD3. We similarly detected SIV in macaquized mice by seven days post‐xenograft. The MVOA has the potential to serve as a powerful tool to identify residual HIV‐1 in patients with undetectable viral loads, such as those who have undergone promising cure therapies. Abstract MOAA0101–Figure 1. MVOA for detection of residual virus. Abstract MOAA0101–Figure 1. MVOA for detection of residual virus. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20320 © 2015 Pate K M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: kpate5@jhmi.edu Antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV and the virus rebounds upon treatment interruption. Recently, a sustained control of HIV replication in the absence of ART has been achieved in a subset of patients starting ART early after infection, defined as post‐ART treatment controllers (PTC). Unfortunately, the virologic and immunologic determinants of post‐ART control of HIV replication are still unclear, particularly in tissues. Here, we used the well‐established model of SIV‐infection in rhesus macaques (RMs) to investigate the existence of PTC in this model and the features associated with post‐ART SIV control. Fifteen RMs (B*08‐ and B*17) were infected (i.v.) with SIVmac239. All 15 animals initiated a five‐drug ART regimen 60 days after infection, which was maintained for seven months. ART was then interrupted and RMs monitored for eight additional months. Blood (PB), lymph node (LN) and colorectal (RB) biopsies were collected throughout the study. Quantitative assessment of total SIV‐DNA and RNA was performed on purified blood CD4 T cells and mucosal tissues by quantitative PCR; immunological parameters were determined by flow cytometry. ART suppressed SIV‐RNA to <60 copies/mL in all RMs. After ART interruption, six RMs controlled SIV viremia at <103 copies/mL up to eight months off‐ART (PTC), while nine RMs rebounded to pre‐ART levels (non‐controllers, NC). At pre‐ART, PTC had significantly lower plasma viremia and SIV‐DNA content, as well as higher CD4 T cell counts as compared to NC. Levels of intestinal CD4 T cells were similar, but PTC had higher frequencies of Th17 cells than NC. On‐ART, PTC had significantly lower levels of residual plasma viremia (3 copies/mL, limit of detection) and SIV‐DNA content (both in blood and colorectum). After ART interruption, SIV‐DNA content rapidly increased in NC while it progressively decreased in PTC. Finally, in PTC control of SIV rebound associated with higher CD4 T cell levels and reduced immune activation in PB and RB during the entire off‐ART period. Lower set point viremia, reduced cell‐associated SIV‐DNA and preserved Th17 cell homeostasis associate with improved virologic response to ART and sustained viral control post‐ART interruption in SIV‐infected RMs. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20321 © 2015 Micci L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mirko.paiardini@emory.edu A major challenge to HIV eradication strategies is accurate measurement of the latent HIV reservoir. We assessed whether the host response to residual virus may be a sensitive measure of reservoir size by comparing anti‐HIV antibody profiles in relation to several HIV reservoir assays. Using a luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) assay, we quantitatively analyzed seven anti‐HIV antibody profiles from 61 patients who initiated long‐term (≥3 years) antiretroviral therapy (ART) during chronic HIV infection. HIV antibody levels were evaluated in relation to 12 HIV reservoir measures: total, integrated and 2‐LTR DNA (rtPCR, n=48); unspliced RNA (rtPCR, n=44), total and 2‐LTR DNA (droplet digital PCR, n=27); integrated DNA (aluPCR, n=16); viral outgrowth assay (VOA, n=27) and plasma HIV RNA (single copy assay, SCA, n=27). Summary estimates of the overall association between HIV reservoir measures and HIV antibody levels adjusted for multiple comparisons were obtained using permutation testing. Participants were mostly male (96%) with a median age of 56, median nadir and proximal CD4+ T cell counts of 210 and 670 cells/mm3, respectively, and ART‐suppression for a median of 11 years. Individual correlations showed that integrated and total HIV DNA levels by aluPCR and ddPCR were significantly associated with all antibody levels except p24 (nor matrix, for ddPCR, Figure 1). HIV reservoir size measured by viral outgrowth assay (VOA) was associated with gp120 and gp41 levels (r=0.45, p=0.02; r=0.43, p=0.02) while HIV RNA by SCA and HIV DNA by rtPCR were not correlated with any HIV antibody responses. Permutation testing demonstrated a strong overall association between HIV reservoir size and anti‐HIV antibody responses (r=0.82, p=0.04, Table 1), in particular with gp120 (r=0.80, p=0.009), gp41 (r=0.73, p=0.04) and reverse transcriptase (r=0.82, p=0.007). Further adjustment for age, proximal CD4+ T cell count and years of ART suppression did not significantly alter these results. Anti‐HIV antibody responses correlate with quantifiable reservoir size during chronic ART‐mediated suppression. Epitope location (envelope proteins and reverse transcriptase, an enzyme involved in the early steps of viral replication) may determine the strength of this association. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether viral RNA or proteins are produced in cells with defective proviruses. Abstract MOAA0103–Figure 1. Individual correlations matrix. Abstract MOAA0103–Figure 1. Individual correlations matrix. Abstract MOAA0103–Table 1. Adjusted summary correlations Anti‐HIV antibody response R P loggp120 0.80 0.009 loggp41 0.73 0.042 logrt 0.82 0.007 logintegrase 0.70 0.053 logpr 0.60 0.199 logma 0.54 0.340 logp24 0.41 0.679 All 0.82 0.039 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20322 © 2015 Lee S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sulggi.lee@ucsf.edu To identify mechanisms that control immune reconstitution and the size of the inducible HIV reservoir, we performed whole blood transcriptional and metabolic profiling of subjects from the CLIF and UCSF SCOPE cohorts. These cohorts included subjects who increased CD4 counts post cART (IR) or stayed <350/mm3 after three years of cART (INR). We performed unsupervised analysis of gene expression data using hierarchical clustering to identify class and supervised analysis using statistical filtering to identify gene signatures and pathway activity differentially expressed between classes. Multivariate analysis based on Sparse Partial Least Regression was used to determine if Group membership correlated with plasma metabolites measured by LC‐MS/GC‐MS. A gene‐based classifier was developed to identify INR groups using the pamr package. Two groups of INR subjects were identified by whole blood gene expression and pathway analysis. INR‐A had the highest levels of IL‐6, sCD14, FOXO3 and STAT1 expression, and highest levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Pathway analysis showed that INR‐A failed to activate the NF‐κB pathway, TLR‐MyD88 signalling and proinflammatory modules yet upregulated expression of the p38 MAPK pathway, IRF‐3, IRF‐4 and IL‐10 associated with a tolerogenic myeloid response. In contrast, INR‐B was characterized by an unrestrained proinflammatory response including the upregulation of multiple TLRs, STAT1, IRF1 and IRF8 associated with Type I/II IFN responses. Plasma metabolites including carnitines, bacterial metabolites and cholesterol also segregated between the two INR groups and correlated with gene expression including FOXO3A and STAT‐1. TILDA, a measure of the inducible HIV reservoir; revealed that INR‐A subjects had higher levels than INR‐B and IR's. As CD4 counts and plasma biomarkers of inflammation/immune activation fail to distinguish the two INR groups, we developed a 352 gene‐based classifier that accurately identified patient groups (AUC of 0.81 by ROC analysis) in an independent test cohort (UCSF SCOPE) including those that had the highest levels of HIV reservoir. Identifying pathways that control immune reconstitution and the size of the inducible HIV reservoir paves the way to the development of therapeutic strategies that can lead to eradication of HIV. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20323 © 2015 Ghneim K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: khader.ghneim@case.edu Durable HIV‐1 remission after interruption of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been reported in some adults who started cART during primary HIV‐1 infection. The in utero HIV‐1‐infected “Mississippi child” exhibited transient viral control after interrupting very early‐initiated cART. However, viraemia rebounded 27 months later, leaving unclear the possibility of obtaining long‐term post‐treatment remission in vertically infected children. Here, we report the case of a perinatally HIV‐1‐infected adolescent who shows unprecedented virological remission more than 11 years after cART discontinuation. HIV‐RNA and CD4+ T‐cell counts have been monitored since birth. Ultrasensitive HIV‐RNA, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐associated HIV‐DNA, flow‐cytometry‐assessed frequency of HIV‐specific CD8+ T cells, CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated HIV suppression, reactivation of the CD4+ T‐cell reservoir were evaluated after 10 and 11 years of control off therapy. Plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals were determined by tandem mass spectrometry. One infant born for a woman with uncontrolled HIV‐1 viraemia received zidovudine‐based prophylaxis during six weeks. HIV‐RNA and DNA were not detected 3 and 14 days after birth. HIV‐DNA was detected at four weeks of age. HIV‐RNA reached a peak of 2.1×106 copies/mL at three months of age when cART (zidovudine, lamivudine, didanosine and ritonavir) was initiated. HIV‐RNA was undetectable one month later and remained below assay‐detection limits while on cART, except at 15 and 21 months of age. Between 5.8 and 6.8 years of age, cART was discontinued by the family. HIV‐RNA was undetectable at 6.8 years of age and cART was not resumed. HIV‐RNA has remained <50 copies/mL through 18.3 years of age, except for one blip (515 copies/mL). CD4+ T‐cell counts remained stable. After 11 years of control off therapy (confirmed by undetectable plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals), HIV‐RNA was below four copies/mL and HIV‐DNA was 2.2 log copies/106 PBMC. Low levels of HIV‐RNA and p24 were detected upon the activation of CD4+ T cells with PHA. HLA genotype showed homozygosity at several loci (A*2301‐;B*1503/4101;C*0210/0802;DRB1*1101‐;DQB1*0602‐). HIV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses and T‐cell activation were very weak. HIV‐1 western blot was positive with the absence of antibodies against gp110 and p18. This case provides first‐time evidence that very long‐term HIV‐1 remission is possible in perinatally infected early‐treated children, with similar characteristics as reported in adult post‐treatment controllers. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20566 © 2015 Frange P et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: asier.saez‐cirion@pasteur.fr Cell‐associated unspliced (CA‐US) HIV RNA is an important marker of the HIV reservoir and a common primary endpoint in clinical trials of latency reversing agents in HIV‐infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We observed large baseline variation in CA‐US HIV RNA in a recent clinical trial of disulphiram and hypothesized that these changes were due to circadian‐related alterations in CD4+ T‐cell composition, gene regulation or anticipatory stress. Blood was collected on three occasions (B1, B2 and B3) from HIV‐infected subjects (n=30) on suppressive ART prior to any intervention. B3 was collected immediately prior to administration of disulphiram. We measured CA‐US HIV RNA and DNA by real‐time PCR and plasma HIV RNA (using a single copy assay) by droplet digital PCR. Plasma cortisol and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were quantified by ELISA. PBMC were stained with live‐dead dye and antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, CD38, HLA‐DR, acetylated lysine and acetylated histone‐3 and were analyzed by flow cytometry. Data were assessed for normality and then analyzed with Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank tests and paired t‐tests. CA‐US RNA was higher in blood collected at B3 compared to B1 and B2 (median 85.63 vs. 28.14 and 34.87 copies/million CD4+ T‐cell equivalents; both, p<0.001). There were little differences in HIV DNA or plasma HIV RNA at these times. B3 was collected earlier in the day compared to B1 and B2 (mean 8.28 am vs. 11.38 am and 10.21 am; both, p<0.001). Other parameters that were significantly higher at B3 compared to B1 and B2 were cortisol (p=0.001 and 0.011); TSH (p=0.023 and 0.004); CD8+CD38+HLA‐DR– T cells (both, p<0.001) and CD4+CD38+HLA‐DR– T cells, which were elevated at B3 compared to B2 (p=0.012). There were no significant differences in the percentage of T‐cell subsets or histone acetylation in the blood collected at these time points. Time‐associated variation in CA‐US HIV RNA seen in HIV‐infected subjects on suppressive ART was not associated with significant alterations in CD4+ T‐cell subset composition and was suggestive of circadian changes in HIV RNA transcription. Diurnal changes in CA‐US HIV RNA may need to be considered in the design of future cure intervention trials. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20567 © 2015 Chang C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: christina.chang@unimelb.edu.au Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that in vivo administration of a monoclonal anti‐α4β7 antibody (α4β7‐mAb) during acute SIV infection following (1) intravenous, (2) intra‐rectal or (3) repeated low‐dose intra‐vaginal SIV challenge lead to markedly lower gastro‐intestinal tissue viral loads compared to rhesus macaques (RM) treated with a control mAb. The purpose of the present study was to compare the tissues that served as primary targets of viral infection in the α4β7‐mAb versus control mAb‐treated RM, in order to identify mechanisms by which α4β7‐mAb antibody reduces virus‐mediated gastrointestinal pathology. Groups of 12–16 RM were administered a rhesus α4β7‐mAb monoclonal antibody or an isotype‐matched control rhesus IgG mAb (50 mg/kg) intravenously (i.v.) starting on day ‐1 and then every three weeks after infection. Each monkey was then repeatedly challenged with a low‐dose SIVmac251 intra‐vaginally or a single high‐dose intrarectally. Intravenous administration of α4β7‐mAb blocked the detection of α4β7 on CD4+ T cells in the blood, cervicovaginal tissue and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) throughout the period of mAb administration. Viral DNA was reduced in GALT biopsies of the α4β7‐mAb treated RMs compared to those treated with control mAb treated (median 3.5 vs. 12.8 copies/ng DNA respectively, p=0.006). Furthermore, in‐depth analysis performed on a subset of animals (n=4/group) indicated that proviral DNA was 5 to 25 fold more abundant in jejunum, ileum or colon of control‐treated RMs compared to those treated with α4β7‐mAb. In contrast, no difference in proviral loads in the spleen and lymph nodes from various sites was noted in the two groups. Immuno‐PET/CT assisted analysis revealed that for animals with comparable plasma viral loads, the α4β7‐mAb treated monkeys showed a lower signal in the large intestine. In addition, only the control treated monkeys showed a clear PET/CT signal in lymph nodes surrounding the genital tract suggesting that treatment with α4β7‐mAb prevents viral replication in this tissue, leading to different patterns of tissue localization of the virus between the two groups. The α4β7‐mAb either protects or delays intravaginal SIV transmission, reduces gastrointestinal pathology following infection and results in both quantitative and qualitative differences in the level of viremia and tissue localization of virus. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20324 © 2015 Byrareddy S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: siddappa.n.byrareddy@emory.edu A recent marked increase in the proportion of HIV‐infected individuals older than 50 highlights the need to study the impact of ageing on HIV pathogenesis. HIV‐associated non‐AIDS (HANA) conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and dementia are more prevalent in older HIV‐infected populations than young adults. The microbiome in saliva and the oral cavity has been studied as a window into pathogenesis in ageing populations. Although disruption of the oral microbiome (dysbiosis) has been linked to various human conditions and diseases associated with ageing, the role of age‐related dysbiosis in the development of opportunistic infections and HANA conditions in HIV patients is not well understood. We utilize 16S rRNA‐based pyrosequencing to compare the salivary microbiome in three groups: chronically HIV‐infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who are (1) >50 years old (ageing), or (2) <35 years old (young adult) and (3) healthy age‐matched uninfected women. We also examine correlations between dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome, disease progression and opportunistic oral infections. HIV infection results in dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome that is enhanced in ageing individuals and characterized by increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria and a decline in healthy probiotic microbes. Higher proportions of Prevotella, Staphylococcus, Moryella, Peptostreptococcus, Ruminococcus and Oribacterium were detected in both ageing and young adult HIV infected women than in uninfected controls. Prevotella, Moryella and Oribacterium increases were higher in ageing than in young HIV patients. HIV infection in older patients was associated with greater salivary shedding of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). Increased EBV shedding, higher peripheral HIV burden and reduced CD4+ T cell counts correlated with increases in Prevotella and decreases in probiotic Lactobacillus. Patients with opportunistic oral infections also showed enhanced salivary levels of Porphyromonas, Lachnospira and Actinobacillus, and reduced Streptococcus. Age, severity of disease progression and emergence of opportunistic infections all contribute to various degrees in increasing the pathogenic footprint of the oral microbiome during chronic HIV infection. The study findings provide new insights into age‐related dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome and its role in HIV pathogenesis and lay critical groundwork for future expanded investigations. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20325 © 2015 George M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mdgeorge@ucdavis.edu A multi‐centre trial in HIV‐enteropathy was conducted to evaluate the impact of serum‐derived bovine immunoglobulin isolate (SBI) on markers of peripheral and mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms as previously reported. Patients (pts) on long‐term suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART) with HIV‐enteropathy were randomized to receive SBI 2.5 vs. 5.0 g BID or placebo (PBO) during a four‐week lead‐in phase followed by SBI 2.5 vs. 5.0 g BID for 20 weeks. Evaluations included plasma biomarkers for inflammation, peripheral CD4 counts and pt‐reported surveys on GI symptoms. Eight pts underwent duodenal biopsies to examine mucosal immunity. A total of 103 pts (SBI 2.5 g; n=34; SBI 5.0 g; n=33; PBO: n=36 continued 2.5 vs. 5.0 g (n=18 each)) were enrolled (31% female; 61% black; mean age 51 years). Mean duration of HIV, ART and enteropathy was over 15, 5 and 5 years, respectively. All cohorts showed a reduction in abnormal stool frequency (p=0.0001) from baseline (BL) to week 4; however between group analysis was not significant. This reduction was maintained for pts receiving SBI through 24 weeks. The 2.5 and 5.0 g cohorts were combined for zonulin and CD4 analysis. The mean plasma zonulin levels significantly increased (p<0.0001) for pts receiving SBI through 24 weeks. Median peripheral CD4 counts increased significantly from BL to week 24 in patients in the lowest baseline CD4 quartile (308 to 386 cells/mL, p=0.002), while no significant change was observed among subjects in the combined SBI cohorts during this time period. This compromised subgroup also experienced greater increases in CD4 counts at week‐4 than PBO pts (median +42 vs. −17 cells/mL, p=0.02). Duodenal CD4 densities increased from 217 to 329 cells/mm2 (median increase of 145 cells/mm2 (p=0.02)) in biopsies obtained from eight pts, consistent with earlier findings. Duodenal crypt cells expressing Ki67 decreased in 6/7 pts from 41 to 24% (p=0.08, n=7) which correlated with the decreased number of Paneth cells per crypt (p=0.048). Oral SBI may be a novel strategy to restore mucosal immunity and systemic immune reconstitution among pts who have not achieved normal CD4 counts despite prolonged suppressive ART. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20326 © 2015 Asmuth D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 The gut microbiome is crucial for mucosal and systemic immune development. In mice, certain bacteria are required for induction of Treg and Th17 cell development in the gut. Likewise, gut microbiota enhance immune responses to influenza vaccination in the mouse model. HIV‐infected women have altered vaginal and gut microbiome, and HIV‐exposed infants (HEU) and their mothers receive antibiotics for pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis, therefore HEU may have altered gut microbiota. HEU have higher morbidity and mortality than HIV‐unexposed (HU) infants, and respond poorly to certain infant vaccinations. We hypothesized that the aetiology of this relative immune deficiency is mediated by gut dysbiosis. HEU and HU infants were recruited at birth from informal settlements of Cape Town. Blood and stool were collected after informed consent was obtained. Stool DNA was extracted using MoBio PowerFecal DNA kit and 454 or Illumina sequencing was performed. Data was pre‐processed using QIIME and UPARSE and imported into R for further analyses using phyloseq. Differential abundance testing was performed at Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) level using the R metagenomeSeq package. Whole blood was incubated with BCG, positive and negative controls, and proliferation and cytokine expression measured using multi‐parameter flow cytometry. We found substantial differences in bacterial diversity between HEU and HU infants by Shannon index. Moreover, at all taxonomic levels, there were differences between the HIV exposure groups via PCoA analysis. Several OTUs of the phylum Firmicutes were differentially abundant between HEU and HU infants, three of which were of the genus Veillonella. Several key species were significantly correlated with both proliferative and cytokine responses to BCG. For example, at six weeks of age, significantly decreased abundance of Bacteroides species, and in particular B. fragilis, were present in infants with high CD4+IL‐2+, CD8+ki67+ and CD8+IL‐17+ responses to BCG vaccination at six weeks of age. Gut microbial composition could explain the immunological differences between HU and HEU infants. These differences should be considered in development of HIV vaccines for exposed neonates. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20327 © 2015 Viljoen K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: hbjaspan@gmail.com Disruption of the mucosal epithelium during immunodeficiency lentivirus infections permits translocation of microbial products into the circulation, causing systemic immune activation and driving disease progression. However, the specific effects of microbial products in liver, as a blood‐filtering organ, are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques on microbial translocation in the liver by immunohistochemistry. We also compared liver infiltration by myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), trafficking to the liver by lymphocytes, and liver‐resident natural killer (NK) cell frequencies, phenotypes and functions in naïve and chronically SIVmac239‐ or SIVmac251‐infected rhesus macaques using flow cytometry. In livers of normal rhesus macaques, very low levels of bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were detectable, but increased up to 20‐fold in chronically SIV‐infected animals. Increased microbial products in the liver of infected macaques was associated with the production of the chemoattractant, CXCL16, by mDCs. Subsequently, lymphocytes expressing the CXCL16 receptor, CXCR6, were mobilized in blood and hypercytotoxic NK cells were recruited to the liver. Microbial accumulation, mDC activation and hepatic cytotoxic NK cell frequency were all significantly correlated with markers of liver damage. Collectively, these data indicate that SIV‐associated accumulation of microbial products in the liver initiates a cascade of innate immune activation resulting in liver damage. These findings have implications for the liver pathology associated with HIV, especially in instances of coinfection with HCV. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20568 © 2015 Schafer J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rreeves@bidmc.harvard.edu Provision of rapid early infant HIV diagnosis (EID) service remains a challenge for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programmes globally. Point‐of‐care (POC) EID testing may improve access and turnaround times, but while several POC technologies are in development there are few data on implementation. We conducted an implementation study of the Alere q Detect POC system for EID at two public sector health facilities. At a maternity hospital the POC device was used to test HIV‐exposed neonates soon after birth; at a primary care clinic the device was used for routine six‐week EID testing. At each site infants undergoing laboratory‐based HIV PCR testing per local protocols were tested on the POC device by doctors or nurses with results available within one hour. Analysis examined the performance of POC versus laboratory testing of the same specimen, and semi‐structured interviews with providers to assess implementation issues and acceptability. Overall 476 tests were conducted: 291 birth tests in the maternity hospital (mean child age, <1 day) and 195 six‐week tests in primary care (mean child age, 51 days). Twelve percent of all tests resulted in an error with no differences by site; most error results resolved with retesting. POC EID was more sensitive (100%; lower confidence limit, 40%) and specific (100%, lower confidence limit, 98%) among older children tested in primary care compared birth testing in hospital (92% (95% CI, 62–100%) and 99% (95% CI, 99–100%), respectively), though test performance improved with repeated lab testing and negative predictive value was high (>99%) at both sites. In interviews, providers felt that the ease of use of the device coupled with the rapid turnaround time of POC EID results facilitated decision‐making in the management of infants, but many wanted to understand better the cause of errors on the POC device to assist in repeat testing. POC EID testing performs well in field implementation in health care facilities and is highly acceptable to health care providers. While further research is needed to understand POC EID implementation at scale, the rapid turnaround time of POC testing may allow immediate identification and management of HIV‐infected infants. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20328 © 2015 Kroon M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Limited data exist on drug resistance and antiretroviral treatment (ART) outcomes in HIV‐1 infected children in West Africa. We determined the prevalence of baseline resistance, and correlates of virologic failure (VF) and on‐treatment resistance in a cohort of HIV‐1 infected children in Mali. Prospective observational study of HIV‐1 infected children <10 years of age initiating first‐line ART in Bamako, Mali. Assessments occurred at baseline and after six months of ART. Genotypic resistance testing on stored baseline and six‐month samples occurred at study end. Reverse transcriptase and protease genes were sequenced using in‐house methods. Resistance was defined as intermediate or high‐level according to the Stanford HIV Genotypic Resistance Algorithm v7.0. Virologic failure was defined as viral load (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL. Clinical and immunological failures were based on WHO criteria. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with VF and resistance. A total of 150 children were enrolled; 60% male and mean age 3.4 years. Ninety‐four percent reported no prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) exposure. Median baseline CD4 count and VL were 633 cells/mm3 (IQR: 381–1039) and 675,651 copies/mL (IQR: 40,000–1,583,200). Initial ART regimens were lopinavir/ritonavir‐based (43%) or non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (efavirenz or nevirapine)‐based (57%). Of 141 children with amplifiable baseline samples, 28 (19.86%) had NNRTI resistance, only two of whom had PMTCT exposure and none had protease inhibitor (PI) resistance. Mean age of children with baseline NNRTI resistance was 2.3 years. By six months of ART, 11 died, 8 were lost to follow‐up and 6 had missing VL data. Among 125 remaining children, 41 (33%) had VF, 24 of whom (58%) had drug resistance (23 with NNRTI and one with PI mutations). A total of 93% of children with VF did not meet criteria for clinical or immunological failure. In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, adherence and ART regimen, baseline NNRTI resistance was strongly associated with VF and six‐month resistance (OR: 6.7, p=0.001; OR: 20, p<0.001). Baseline NNRTI resistance was common in Malian children without prior NNRTI exposure and was associated with VF and a high resistance rate during ART. Clinical and immunologic criteria rarely detected VF. Our findings support WHO recommendations of PI‐based regimens in all children <3 years, and virological monitoring. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20329 © 2015 Crowell C S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: claudia.crowell@seattlechildrens.org Chronic immune activation is associated with HIV disease progression in adults; however, data in children, especially infants, are limited. We determined levels and correlates of T‐cell activation and the effect of baseline activation on response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV‐infected infants. This investigation utilized specimens from the Optimizing Pediatric HAART study of early infant ART (NCT00428116). Kenyan infants less than five months of age were enrolled between 2007 and 2010 and started on ART. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples collected before ART initiation were analyzed using flow cytometry and the activated (HLA‐DR+/CD38high) T‐cell percentage quantified. Factors associated with T‐cell activation at baseline were identified using Mann‐Whitney U tests or linear regression. The effect of baseline activation on survival, CD4 reconstitution and HIV‐1 log10 viral load (VL) suppression was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Among 72 infants, median age at enrolment was 111 days, median VL was 6.6 log10 copies/mL and median CD4 was 19%. Most infants had symptomatic disease; 49% were WHO stage 3/4, median weight‐for‐age Z‐score (WAZ) was −2.5 and median length‐for‐age Z‐score (LAZ) was −2.1. Twenty infants died, including eight before ART initiation. Median CD8+ T‐cell activation at baseline pre‐ART was 17.0% (interquartile range (IQR) 10.4, 31.8) and median CD4+ T‐cell activation was 3.3% (IQR 1.6, 5.8). At enrolment, CD8+ T‐cell activation was associated with younger age (−0.15%/day (95% Confidence Interval (CI) −0.28, −0.01), p=0.05) and weight‐for‐age Z‐score (2.4%/WAZ standard deviation (95% CI 0.64–4.2), p=0.02), but not with CD4% or VL. CD4+ T‐cell activation at enrolment was inversely associated with CD4% (−0.20%/CD4% (95% CI −0.36, −0.05), p=0.01). T‐cell activation pre‐ART was not associated with time to CD4% reconstitution or VL suppression. Low CD8+ T‐cell activation (<5%) was associated with mortality (hazard ratio=3.8 (95% CI 1.3, 11.4), p=0.02). Contrary to findings in adults, low CD8+ T‐cell activation was strongly associated with mortality in this infant cohort. Among infants, low CD8+ T‐cell activation in symptomatic HIV infection may be a marker of ineffective immune response. Abstract MOAB0103–Figure 1. Survival to one year by CD8+ T‐cell activation. Abstract MOAB0103–Figure 1. Survival to one year by CD8+ T‐cell activation. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20330 © 2015 Ásbjörnsdóttir K H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: kasbjorn@uw.edu EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF (E/C/F/TAF) and EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF (Stribild, STB) are integrase inhibitor (INSTI)‐based single‐tablet regimens (STRs) in clinical development for HIV‐1‐infected adolescents. Exposures of all components have been shown to be within the range associated with antiviral activity in adults. Preliminary comparative safety data through 24 weeks are reported. Treatment‐naïve 12 to <18‐year‐olds weighing ≥35 kg with HIV‐1 RNA ≥1000 copies/mL, CD4 >100 cells/µL and eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 received E/C/F/TAF or STB once daily in two ongoing 48‐week, single‐arm, open‐label trials. Adverse events (AE), laboratory tests, bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X‐ray absorptiometry and height‐age adjusted (HA) Z‐scores were assessed through Week 24. The E/C/F/TAF and STB trials enrolled 50 and 33 adolescents, respectively (median age 15 vs. 16 years, 56% vs. 30% female, 88% vs. 76% Black, 22% vs. 27% with baseline HIV‐1 RNA >100,000 copies/mL, median CD4 count 456 vs. 407 cells/µL median eGFR 156 vs. 143 mL/min/1.73 m2). Most AEs in both trials were mild and unrelated to treatment, with no deaths or AEs leading to treatment discontinuation. At Week 24, the median increase in serum creatinine was +0.08 mg/dL in E/C/F/TAF participants, with and +0.10 mg/dL in STB participants, with median eGFR decreases of −17.0 and −18.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, consistent with COBI's inhibition of renal tubular creatinine secretion. Proteinuria (any grade) occurred in 26% of E/C/F/TAF participants vs. 52% of STB participants, with Grade 2 or higher proteinuria occurring in 4% vs. 21% of participants, respectively. Of those participants with BMD measurements at Week 24, the median increase in spine BMD was +1.98% in E/C/F/TAF participants, with a decrease of ≥4% in 3/41 participants (7%), versus a median decrease of −1.29% in the STB cohort, with a decrease of ≥4% in 6/20 participants (30%). Spine HA Z‐scores decreased by −0.02 and −0.21 respectively. Compared with STB, E/C/F/TAF exhibited similar effects on eGFR, a lower incidence and severity of proteinuria, and a median increase in spine mineralization. Both STRs were well‐tolerated through 24 weeks. These findings support INSTI‐based STRs as initial HIV‐1 treatment in adolescents and suggest that TAF could offer safety advantages in paediatric populations. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20331 © 2015 Kizito H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: aditya.gaur@stjude.org With limited paediatric third‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource‐limited settings, data on treatment efficacy and drug resistance following second‐line failure are needed to guide future management. HIV‐infected children <18 years old who were taking or switching to second‐line ART were enrolled from Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. Clinical and laboratory assessments were retrospectively and prospectively obtained from the time of second‐line switch (baseline). Genotyping was performed upon virologic failure (VF; HIV‐RNA >1000 copies/mL). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate factors predicting post‐switch VF. A total of 277 children were enrolled; 41% were female. Baseline values included median (interquartile range; IQR) age 7.5 (5.3–10.3) years, CD4 count 300 (146–562) cells/mm3, CD4 percentage 13 (7–20)%, HIV‐RNA 5 (4.4–5.5) log10 copies/mL. The median duration of first‐line ART was 2.7 (1.7–4.2) years. Resistance mutations at first‐line failure were available for 156 of 277 children (all had prior non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI)‐based regimens) and included ≥4 thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs; 18%), Q151 M (8%), M184 V (82%) and ≥1 NNRTI mutation (92%). Current second‐line regimens contained lamivudine (90%), tenofovir (43%), zidovudine or abacavir (30%) and boosted lopinavir (LPV) or atazanavir (ATV; 98%). After a median of 3.3 (1.8–5.3) years on second‐line, the median CD4 was 767 (556–1060) cells/mm3 and 26 (20–31)%. Eighteen (7%) had WHO stage 3 or 4 events; 3 (2%) died from HIV‐related illnesses. VF occurred in 73 (27%; incidence 7 per 100 person‐years, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8–9.1), at which time 23% had <95% adherence by pill count. Fifty of 73 with second‐line VF had ≥4 TAMs (10%), Q151 M (4%), M184 V (55%), and ≥1 major LPV (8%), ≥6 LPV (2%), and ≥1 major ATV mutations (4%). Age >11 years (hazard ratio (HR) 4.06; 95% CI 2.15–7.66) and HIV‐RNA >5 log10 copies/mL (HR 2.4; 95% CI 1.27–4.59) at second‐line switch were predictors of VF. One‐fourth of children had VF while on second‐line ART. However, <10% developed major mutations to protease inhibitors, which may have been related to poor adherence or duration of VF. Greater advocacy is needed to create access to third‐line antiretrovirals in resource‐limited settings. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20332 © 2015 Prasitsuebsai W et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: annette.sohn@amfar.org Rilpivirine 25 mg qd exposure was similar in adults and adolescents (Week 4 PAINT pharmacokinetic analysis). Week 48 safety and efficacy results are reported here. PAINT (NCT00799864) is a Phase II, ongoing, open‐label, single‐arm trial of rilpivirine plus two investigator‐selected N[t]RTIs in treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected adolescents (≥12 to <18 years, from sites in India, Thailand, Uganda, South Africa, USA). After the adult approved indication, only patients with viral load (VL)≤100,000 copies/mL were enrolled. Virologic response was defined as VL<50 copies/mL (time‐to‐loss‐of‐virologic‐response (TLOVR) algorithm). Of 36 patients, 20 (56%) were female, 18 (50%) aged 12 to <15 years and 32 (89%) Black/African American; 28 (78%) had baseline (BL) VL ≤100,000 copies/mL; 24 (67%) received emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (TDF), 8 (22%) lamivudine/TDF and 4 (11%) lamivudine/zidovudine. At Week 48, 26/36 (72%) patients overall, 22/28 (79%) with BLVL ≤100,000 copies/mL and 4/8 (50%) with BLVL >100,000 copies/mL achieved virologic response. Of the 10 non‐responders (28%), eight were virologic failures (VFs), one was dosed although a protocol violator (screening NNRTI RAM) and withdrawn and one withdrew due to an AE (pulmonary tuberculosis). CD4+ count increased by median (range) 250.5 (−135 to 740) cells/mm3. For 2/8 VFs, overall adherence (pill count) was <95% (one of these also had BLVL >100,000 copies/mL). Five of eight VFs developed rilpivirine RAMs, mostly E138K (n=4), K101E (n=2) and M230L (n=2); 4/5 developed N[t]RTI RAMs, mostly M184V (n=3). Mean (standard deviation) rilpivirine AUC24h and C0h were 2391 (991) ng.h/mL and 84 (39) ng/mL, respectively (population pharmacokinetic analysis). Most AEs were grade 1 or 2. Seven patients (19%) had grade 3 or 4 AEs regardless of causality, mainly malaria and depression (each n=2 and not related to rilpivirine). AEs considered at least possibly related to rilpivirine occurred in 13 (36%) patients, mainly (excluding investigations) somnolence (n=5, 14%) and nausea (n=2, 6%). This 48‐week analysis supports use of rilpivirine 25 mg qd combined with other antiretrovirals in treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected adolescents (≥12 to <18 years) with VL≤100,000 copies/mL. Rilpivirine safety, virological and pharmacokinetic results were similar to those observed in adults. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20333 © 2015 Lombaard J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: kboven@its.jnj.com Despite widespread use of tenofovir (TDF) in pregnant and breast‐feeding women, few data have been published on foetal bone development or child growth after in utero TDF exposure. We evaluated foetal long bone measurements in HIV‐infected pregnant woman/foetus dyads in Cape Town, South Africa. Measurements were conducted by a trained research sonographer using high‐resolution ultrasound. Foetal femur (FLZ) and humerus (HLZ) length z‐scores were compared by duration of in utero TDF exposure in three categories: 1) TDF‐exposed since conception (TDF‐C) versus 2) TDF‐exposed for ≥4 weeks and initiated after first trimester (TDF‐E), versus 3) TDF‐exposed for <4 weeks or TDF‐unexposed (TDF‐U). Ultrasounds performed at <10 weeks gestational age (GA), twin pregnancies and those resulting in intrauterine foetal demise were excluded. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of duration of TDF exposure category on FLZ and HLZ. A total of 1957 foetal ultrasounds (408 TDF‐C, 581 TDF‐E, 968 TDF‐U) in 1030 women (73% of whom had ≥2 ultrasounds) were available for analysis. Women in the TDF‐C group were older and had lower CD4 cell counts than women in the other categories but did not differ in anthropometry or history of low birth weight deliveries (Table). Median duration of TDF exposure was 26.9, 13.0 and 0 weeks, respectively, in the TDF‐C, TDF‐E and TDF‐U groups. Mean FLZ and HLZ did not differ by TDF exposure category (FLZ: 0.321 vs. 0.300 vs. 0.333, p=0.570, and HLZ: 0.130 vs. 0.318 vs. 0.048, p=0.832). These relationships persisted after adjusting for maternal age, gestation, gravidity, socioeconomic status, CD4 cell count, HIV RNA level and maternal BMI (β=0.038, p=0.563 for TDF‐C vs. TDF‐U and β=−0.002, p=0.964 for TDF‐E vs. TDF‐U foetal FLZ; β=0.009, p=0.903 for TDF‐C vs. TDF‐U and β=−0.006, p=0.885 for TDF‐E vs. TDF‐U foetal HLZ). No other factors related to HIV disease severity were associated with foetal FLZ or HLZ. In utero TDF exposure does not appear to alter foetal long bone growth. These results are reassuring and support the continued use of TDF in HIV‐infected pregnant women. Abstract MOAB0107LB–Table 1. Characteristics of women and foetal ultrasound measurement Characteristics of pregnant women TDF‐exposed since conception (n=226) TDF‐exposed for >4 weeks and initiated after first trimester (n=232) TDF‐exposed for <4 weeks or TDF‐unexposed (n=572) p Age of mother, years 31 (27–34) 27 (23–32) 28 (25–32) <0.001 GA, weeks 20 (14–28) 21 (14–28) 21 (16–27) 0.805 Maternal BMI at enrolment, kg/m2 29.14 (25.81–33.91) 28.50 (25.00–33.75) 28.63 (25.15–34.24) 0.790 CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 399 (273–523) 360 (239–478) 340 (232–507) 0.015 Log HIV RNA level at enrolment 1.59 (1.59–1.59) 4.13 (3.52–4.57) 3.99 (3.37–4.65) <0.001 Number of women with >2 ultrasound scans 147 (64.8) 126 (54.3) 479 (83.6) 0.001 Characteristics of ultrasound scans (n=408) (n=581) (n=968) p value Femur length z score 0.32 (−0.03, 0.70) 0.30 (−0.03, 0.63) 0.33 (−0.07, 0.79) 0.570 Humerus length z score 0.13 (−0.29, 0.59) 0.32 (−0.04, 0.59) 0.05 (−0.33, 0.46) 0.832 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20480 © 2015 Jao J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jennifer.jao@mssm.edu Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) in HIV‐infected adults, but the effectiveness of shorter IPT regimens (6–9 months) rapidly wanes in high TB burden settings. We examined the long‐term durability of six months of IPT among HIV‐infected adults in South Africa. We analyzed the experience of a prospective clinical cohort of HIV‐infected adults at one urban and one rural hospital in South Africa. The exposures of interest were receipt of IPT and antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the primary outcome was incident TB. We used multivariate Poisson regression to examine the association of IPT and ART with risk of TB. From 2003 to 2010, 3465 HIV‐infected adults were followed for 9908 person‐years (PY) during which 372 incident TB cases were diagnosed (incidence rate (IR): 3.8/100PY; 95% CI: 3.4–4.2). A total of 776 participants received IPT (median treatment length: 5 months (IQR: 2–6)). During 1886 PY of follow‐up after initiating IPT, 54 incident cases of TB were diagnosed (IR: 2.9/100 PY; 95% CI: 2.2–3.7), while during 8022 PY of follow‐up without IPT exposure, 318 incident TB cases were diagnosed (IR: 4.0/100 PY; 95% CI: 3.6–4.4). After adjusting for age, sex, study site, ART use and CD4 count, IPT was associated with a 23% reduction in TB incidence over seven years of follow‐up (adjusted IRR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.7–1.0; p=0.070). IPT appeared to be protective only for the first year following initial IPT exposure (aIRR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36–0.98; p=0.042), after which the risk of TB was not significantly reduced. In this prospective cohort of HIV‐infected adults in South Africa, receipt of six months of IPT resulted in a marked (40%) reduction in risk for TB during the first year following IPT initiation, independent of ART status. No reduction in TB risk was observed beyond one year, confirming similar findings in settings of high TB burden. We demonstrate that IPT remains an important intervention for HIV‐infected individuals, and that even a short regimen can provide crucial protection from TB of up to one year for those not yet initiated on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Abstract MOAB0201–Table 1. Incidence of TB by time following IPT exposure IPT unexposed (n=2689) IPT exposed (n=776) Incidence rate ratio (95% CI) Time interval Cases/PY Rate/100 PY Cases/PY Rate/100 PY Unadjusted p Adjusted p Overall 318/8022 4.0 (3.6–4.4) 54/1886 2.9 (2.2–3.7) 0.72 (0.53–0.99) 0.042 0.77 (0.57–1.0) 0.070 0–1 year 151/2672 5.7 (4.8–6.6) 16/615 1.6 (1.6–4.2) 0.46 (0.26–0.80) 0.006 0.60 (0.36–0.98) 0.042 ≥1–2 years 75/2138 3.5 (2.8–4.4) 20/519 3.9 (2.5–6.0) 1.1 (0.63–1.9) 0.740 1.1 (0.67–1.8) 0.733 ≥2–3 years 47/1362 3.5 (2.6–4.6) 10/301 3.3 (1.8–6.2) 0.96 (0.50–1.9) 0.880 0.95 (0.51–1.8) 0.880 ≥3 years 45/1851 2.4 (18–3.3) 8/451 1.8 (0.89–3.7) 0.73 (0.30–1.6) 0.413 0.73 (0.34–1.6) 0.394 Abstract MOAB0201–Figure 1. Time to incident TB by IPT and HAART exposure. Abstract MOAB0201–Figure 1. Time to incident TB by IPT and HAART exposure. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20334 © 2015 Hanrahan C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: chanrah1@jhmi.edu South Africa reports the third highest number of drug‐resistant TB (DR‐TB) cases and the largest population living with HIV in the world. We describe treatment outcomes of patients from the South African Electronic Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Register (EDRweb), the national database of all DR‐TB cases, after January 2009. Retrospective, de‐identified descriptive analysis of all patients with multidrug resistant (MDR) TB who initiated DR‐TB treatment in South Africa between 01/01/09 and 30/09/11. During this period, guidelines specified all MDR‐TB patients were admitted to specialized referral hospitals for the six‐month intensive phase of treatment or until culture conversion, then followed as outpatients for 12–18 months. Treatment outcomes included success (cured and treatment completed), failed, lost to follow‐up and died. Person‐time accrued from treatment initiation until the earliest of outcome date recorded or 24 months on treatment. Cox hazard models were used to evaluate the relationship between HIV status and all‐cause mortality. Models were adjusted for age, gender and previous history of TB treatment. In total, 13,692 confirmed MDR‐TB patients initiated treatment (median age 35.4 years; 53% male; 99% pulmonary TB). Eighty‐one percent (11,028/13,692) had HIV status recorded; of these 66% (7289/11,028) were co‐infected with HIV. Among those with an outcome reported (8465/13,692; 62%), overall mortality and success rates were 24.6% (95% CI 23.7–25.6) and 42.4% (41.3–43.4), respectively. Success was similar between HIV negative patients (42.9% (41.0–44.8); 18.1/100 person‐years (pys)) and those co‐infected with HIV (42.5% (41.0–43.9); 15.5/100 pys). Mortality was substantially higher in the HIV positive (27.3% (26.0–28.6); 10.1/100 pys) than the HIV negative (17.3% (15.9–18.7); 8.0/100 pys) group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.45 (1.30–1.62)). Fewer HIV positive patients were lost to follow‐up or failed treatment compared to HIV negatives (21.6 and 8.6% vs. 29.0 and 10.8%). In this analysis of the outcomes of MDR‐TB treatment in the South African national database, the reported rate of treatment success was low (42%) and did not vary by HIV status. Mortality was high in both groups but almost 1.5 times more in HIV co‐infected patients. New guidelines allowing decentralized (outpatient) treatment of some MDR‐TB patients and newly available drug regimens may improve treatment results. Abstract MOAB0202–Table 1. Summary of treatment outcomes of MDR‐TB patients in South Africa (n=13,692) Treatment success Total Cured Completed treatment Died Failed treatment Lost to follow‐up Not evaluated HIV status HIV −ve 3739 (27.3%) 803 (21.5%) 341 (9.1%) 460 (12.3%) 289 (7.7%) 773 (20.7%) 1073 (28.7%) HIV +ve 7289 (53.2%) 1356 (18.6%) 576 (7.9%) 1243 (17.1%) 390 (5.4%) 985 (13.5%) 2739 (37.5%) Unknown 2664 (19.5%) 328 (12.3%) 184 (6.9%) 383 (14.4%) 118 (4.4%) 236 (8.9%) 1415 (53.1%) TB treatment history New 3250 (23.7%) 653 (20.1%) 291 (9.0%) 439 (13.5%) 164 (5.0%) 476 (14.6%) 1227 (37.8%) Relapse 2351 (17.2%) 436 (18.5%) 177 (7.5%) 328 (14.0%) 139 (5.9%) 331 (14.1%) 940 (40.0%) LTFa 1232 (9.0%) 132 (10.7%) 80 (6.5%) 274 (22.2%) 99 (8.1%) 286 (23.2%) 361 (29.3%) Failed 1st 3959 (28.9%) 735 (18.6%) 333 (8.4%) 567 (14.3%) 186 (4.7%) 485 (12.3%) 1653 (41.7%) Failed 2nd 2516 (18.4%) 495 (19.7%) 197 (7.8%) 415 (16.5%) 180 (7.2%) 352 (14.0%) 877 (34.8%) Other 384 (2.8%) 36 (9.3%) 23 (6.0%) 63 (16.4%) 29 (7.6%) 64 (16.7%) 169 (44.0%) aLTF lost to follow‐up; 1st first‐line; 2nd second‐line. LTF lost to follow‐up; 1st first‐line; 2nd second‐line. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20335 © 2015 Evans D H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: ebudgell@heroza.org Management of TB in HIV patients in Eastern Europe (EE) is challenged by high MDR‐TB prevalence, low rates of drug susceptibility testing (DST) and poor access to ART. We report 1‐year mortality estimates from a multi‐regional (EE, Western Europe (WE) and Latin America (LA)) cohort study. Deaths within 12 months of starting TB therapy (baseline) among consecutive HIV patients with TB in 2011–2013 were classified as being TB‐related or not. Risk factors for all‐cause and TB‐related death were assessed using standard survival analysis methods. Among 1410 patients starting TB therapy (EE=835, WE=319, LA=256), 257 (18%) died within 12 months of baseline; 170 (66%) of these were TB‐related. The cumulative probability of all‐cause and TB‐related death at 12 months was 29, 5 and 11% (p<0.001) and 22, 1 and 4% (p<0.001) in EE, WE and LA respectively. In EE, fewer patients were on cART at 12 months (68% vs. 90% and 85%, p<0.001), and many were treated without access to baseline DST (66% vs. 37% and 69%, p<0.001). Among those with DST, the empiric treatment regimen (composed when DST results were not yet known) included <3 active TB‐drugs in 36, 7 and 9% (EE, WE, LA, p<0.001); of those 81, 46 and 86% had MDR‐TB. Patients who started <3 active drugs were at excess risk of dying from TB compared to patients starting ≥3 active drugs (aHR=3.20, 95% CI=1.82–5.66). Patients without DST results (and thus no option for targeting subsequent therapy) also had a greater risk of death (aHR=2.33, 1.40–3.87). This appeared driven by deaths in EE (Figure, aHR=2.37, 1.66–3.40, analyses restricted to EE), although a formal test for interaction with region was not significant (p=0.44), potentially due to few deaths outside EE. There is an elevated risk of death from TB in HIV patients managed in EE compared to WE and LA. This is partly explained by modifiable risk factors including low rates of DST, hampering the optimized choice of TB drugs in a setting of high MDR‐TB prevalence. Our data call for urgent action to improve the care of HIV/TB patients in EE. Abstract MOAB0203–Figure 1. TB‐related death among HIV‐positive patients according to the number of active drugs used as part of empiric TB therapy. Abstract MOAB0203–Figure 1. TB‐related death among HIV‐positive patients according to the number of active drugs used as part of empiric TB therapy. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20336 © 2015 Schultze A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: a.schultze@ucl.ac.uk Despite being preventable and curable, tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV (PLHIV). The past decade has seen considerable scale‐up of collaborative TB/HIV activities, however, implementation remains suboptimal. Closer inspection at each stage of the cascade of TB/HIV care is warranted to assess the gaps and to identify opportunities for strengthened service delivery in order to eliminate HIV‐associated TB mortality. Data were downloaded from the Global TB Programme Database on 22/01/2015 on the latest available TB treatment outcomes (2012 cohort), disaggregated by HIV status, from reporting high TB/HIV burden countries in the WHO African Region, along with related data on the implementation of collaborative TB/HIV activities. Data were analysed and missed opportunities identified. Fourteen countries reported the required outcome data, accounting for some 570,000 HIV‐positive incident TB cases, (Table 1), or 63% of the African burden and 49% of the global burden in 2012. More than 50,000 reported HIV‐positive TB cases died or were lost to follow‐up, representing 18% of evaluated cases, compared with 11% of evaluated HIV‐negative TB cases, (Figure 1). Of the estimated HIV‐positive TB cases almost 260,000 (46%) went unreported, (Table 1). Among registered TB patients, 11% (around 80,000) did not have an HIV test in the TB register. In eight countries that reported, there was a gap of over 1,700,000 reported as not having received a TB screen, (53% of the 3,300,000 people in HIV care). Among notified HIV‐positive TB cases, 42% (nearly 130,000) were not reported as receiving ART. Only five of the 14 countries reported providing Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) to people newly registered in HIV care. In the four countries that reported a denominator, 69% (some 900,000) people newly enrolled in HIV care did not receive IPT. This analysis highlights some considerable gaps in the care cascade, resulting from suboptimal implementation and/or recording and reporting. In order to prevent disproportionate TB mortality among PLHIV, countries are encouraged to scrutinize weaknesses in the care cascade at every level to enhance early detection of HIV‐associated TB, timely ART initiation and scaled‐up TB prevention. Abstract MOAB0204–Figure 1. Comparison of TB treatment outcomes according to HIV status in 14 African Countries 2012 cohort. Abstract MOAB0204–Figure 1. Comparison of TB treatment outcomes according to HIV status in 14 African Countries 2012 cohort. Abstract MOAB0204–Table 1. Analysis of the cascade of TB/HIV care in 14 high TB/HIV burden African Countries, 2012 cohort Est. HIV‐pos incident TB cases % of est. HIV‐pos TB cases unreported Notified TB cases % of TB cases with unreported HIV status Notified TB cases with HIV‐pos status % of HIV‐pos TB cases not on ART 14 high burden TB/HIV African countries 570,000 46 695,580 11 306,398 42 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20337 © 2015 Baddeley A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: baddeleya@who.int Strategies for reducing the high early mortality seen among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy ART in resource‐limited settings (RLS) are urgently needed. We hypothesized that given the high burden of tuberculosis (TB) in these settings, empiric TB treatment among patients at high risk for death would reduce early mortality. REMEMBER (Reducing Early Mortality and Early Morbidity by Empiric Tuberculosis Treatment Regimens) is a multicountry randomized clinical trial comparing two management strategies: ART+empiric 4 drug TB therapy (Empiric) vs. ART+isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in HIV‐infected individuals with CD4 count <50 cells/mm3. Participants were screened for TB prior to entry using symptom screen, locally available diagnostics per standard of care, and GeneXpert when available. The study was stratified according to CD4 count (<25 vs. ≥25 cells/mm3) and poor prognostic factors (body mass index <18.5, haemoglobin <8 g/dl, recent hospitalization). The primary endpoint was survival (death or unknown status) at 24 weeks postrandomization, and Kaplan–Meier estimates of the endpoint rates across arms were compared by the z‐test. Of 1368 participants screened, 850 (62%) were randomized; 53% were male, 90% were black and median (quartiles) age was 36 (30–42) years. The median (quartiles) CD4 count at study entry was 18 cells/mm3 (9, 32). At week 24, both arms had the same primary endpoint rate of 5.2% (95% CI: 3.5–7.8% for Empiric and 3.4–7.8% for IPT) with an absolute risk difference of −0.06% (95% CI: −3.05 to 2.94%). Primary endpoint rates were similar across arms for the stratification factors and for other secondary outcomes: viral load <400 copies/mL was achieved in 84% Empiric and 85% IPT; Grade 3 or 4 symptoms occurred in 12% Empiric and 11% IPT; Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities in 23% both arms; and new clinical events in 49% Empiric and 51% IPT. Among highly TB screened participants with advanced HIV in RLS, empiric TB therapy did not reduce mortality at 24 weeks compared to IPT. The low mortality seen in both arms supports enhanced screening for TB prior to ART initiation and the routine use of IPT. Abstract MOAB0205LB–Figure 1. KM graph for 5274 Abstract MOAB0205LB–Figure 1. KM graph for 5274 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20481 © 2015 Hosseinipour M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mina_hosseinipour@med.unc.edu The HPTN 052 trial was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral therapy reduces sexual transmission of HIV. The trial started in April 2005 and ended in May 2015. HPTN 052 enrolled 1763 HIV serodiscordant couples in Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, Kenya, Thailand, India, Brazil and the U.S. (97% heterosexual). HIV‐infected index participants had CD4 cell counts between 350 and 550 cells/mm3 at enrolment. Index participants were randomized to receive ART at enrolment (early arm) or when their CD4 cell count fell to ≤250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS‐defining illness (delayed arm). The primary analysis was based on genetically linked viral transmission events. When interim analysis in May 2011 demonstrated the benefits of early ART, ART was offered to all index participants in the delayed arm (N Engl J Med 2011;365:493–505); the study then continued otherwise unchanged. At the end of the trial, 1171 (66%) of 1763 couples remained in follow‐up (603/886 early arm; 568/877 delayed arm). Index participants were followed for 9822 person‐years (py). ART was initiated by all 886 index participants in the early arm and 785 (90%) of 877 index participants in the delayed arm. Before ART was offered to all index participants, there was 1 linked infection in the early ART arm (4 total infections/1776 py) and 35 linked infections in the delayed arm (42 total infections/1757 py). After ART was offered to index participants in both study arms, there were two linked infections in the early arm (15 total infections/2537 py) and six linked infections in the delayed arm (17 total infections/2412 py). Only seven linked infections were diagnosed while the index participant was receiving ART: four infections were diagnosed shortly after the index participant started ART and three were diagnosed after ART failure. These findings demonstrate that HIV transmission is very unlikely when viral replication is suppressed. The previously reported efficacy of early ART for HIV prevention was sustained for the duration of the HPTN 052 study. ART, combined with counselling and provision of condoms provides durable, highly effective protection from HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20482 © 2015 Cohen M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mscohen@med.unc.edu For antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs to have a preventive impact, the proportion of HIV‐infected people being treated should be high. In 2012, seven years after the beginning of ART programs in the South‐African township of Orange Farm, we measured the proportion of HIV+ who were virally suppressed, especially among age groups highly exposed to HIV (women 18–29 years and men 25–34 years). A community‐based cross‐sectional representative survey conducted in 2012 among 3293 men and 3473 women. Study procedures included a face‐to‐face questionnaire and collection of blood samples that were tested for HIV, 10 antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and HIV‐viral load (VL). HIV prevalence was 17.0% (95% Confidence Interval: 15.7–18.3%) among men and 30.1% (28.5–31.6%) among women. Overall, 59.1% (57.4–60.8%) of men and 79.5% (78.2–80.9%) of women reported having ever been tested for HIV. When controlling for age, circumcised men were more likely to ever have been tested (66.1% vs. 53.6%; p<0.001). Among HIV+ individuals, 21.0% (17.7–24.6%) of men and 30.5% (27.7–33.3%) of women tested positive for any ARV. The ratio of ARV+ people over those HIV− was 0.084. Using basic calculations, we found that if ART programs were actually treating all eligible patients since 2005, this ratio should have been 0.21–0.28, indicating an effectiveness of ART programs around 47–63%. Among ARV+ participants, 91.9% (88.7–94.3%) had viral suppression (VL<400 cp/mL). The proportion of viral suppression among HIV+ was 27.0% (24.3–29.9%) among women and 17.5% (14.4–20.9%) among men. These proportions were lower among the highly‐exposed age groups: 15.6% (12.1–19.7%) among women and 8.4% (5.0–13.1%) among men. In Orange Farm, in the 2005–2012 period, ART programs were sub‐optimal and, among HIV+, proportion of viral suppression was low, especially among the highly‐exposed age groups. This suggests that, up to 2012, ART programs may not have substantially impacted HIV incidence. However, our study showed at community level that, when effectively taken, ARVs present a high effectiveness in suppressing VL. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20338 © 2015 Jean K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: bertran.auvert@uvsq.fr Panama adopted Treatment as Prevention (TasP) in February 2014 and is now seeking efficient and effective ways to expand antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in key populations. We developed a mathematical model to determine the ART coverage and associated costs required to meet HIV incidence reduction targets for the female sex worker (FSW) population, which has a 1.6% HIV prevalence. The Government of Panama, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and Simon Fraser University are collaborating to develop mathematical models for informing Panama's TasP strategy. Quantitative and qualitative information was collected from national reports, key informant interviews and focus groups with civil society to inform a compartmental HIV transmission model incorporating disease progression and treatment. The model was calibrated and validated for 2013. Estimated FSW population size is 17,000 and according to the Global AIDS Response Progress report, current ART coverage for both FSW and the hard‐to‐reach client population is about 47%. Annual ART cost/individual is US$625. Simulation scenarios for meeting 50, 70 or 90% reduction in HIV incidence in FSW in 15 years assumed ART expansion either for FSW and their clients (Scenario 1) or for FSW only (Scenario 2). ART expansion for FSW costs slightly more in Scenario 1 than 2. However, overall for both populations of FSW and clients, more infections are averted and treatment programme costs are lower for the strategy targeting FSW only (see Table 1). Furthermore, initial aggressive expansion of ART coverage leads to overall cost savings and a more effective means of averting new infections (see Figure 1). The result of no action compared to the 90% Scenario 2 strategy would be 170% more HIV infections and 50% more treatment costs over 15 years. Rapid expansion of TasP for female sex workers in Panama would avert infections and treatment costs already within 15 years. Initial short‐term investment to increase ART coverage would be offset by long‐term savings. Since Panama adopted TasP, UNAIDS has announced the 90–90–90 targets for HIV diagnosis, treatment and suppression, which call for an even more rapid reduction in incidence. Ongoing analyses are evaluating costs and outcomes of reaching the new targets by 2020. Abstract MOAC0103–Figure 1. Treatment cost for FSW population. Abstract MOAC0103–Figure 1. Treatment cost for FSW population. Abstract MOAC0103–Table 1. Outcomes and costs of TasP expansion scenarios Population Target incidence reduction in FSW in 15 years (%) No ART expansion new cases in 15 years No ART expansion US$ costs in 15 years TasP Scenario 1 new cases in 15 years TasP Scenario 1 US$ costs in 15 years TasP Scenario 2 new cases in 15 years TasP Scenario 2 US$ costs in 15 years FSW 50 2816 $1,240,560 2003 $911,016 2000 $1,025,737 Clients 50 4096 $3,841,072 2878 $3,308,139 2847 $3,139,332 Both 50 6912 $5,061,632 4881 $4,219,155 4847 $4,165,069 FSW 70 2816 $1,240,560 1620 $863,324 1605 $1,093,578 Clients 70 4096 $3,841,072 2331 $3,030,029 2259 $2,782,224 Both 70 6912 $5,061,632 3951 $3,893,353 3864 $3,875,802 FSW 90 2816 $1,240,560 1118 $777,438 1074 $1,107,593 Clients 90 4096 $3,841,072 1615 $2,818,353 1480 $2,260,854 Both 90 6912 $5,061,632 2733 $3,595,791 2554 $3,368,447 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20339 © 2015 Jenkins L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jenkins.lorna@yahoo.com HIV treatment guidelines are recommending ART at increasingly higher CD4 counts for maximizing individual and population benefits. However, the expansion of ART use may be at the expense of optimal adherence. We report on adherence and virological suppression when initiating ART at different CD4 thresholds within the Treatment as Prevention (ANRS 12249) trial of universal home‐based testing and immediate ART initiation in rural KwaZulu‐Natal. Using data of a cluster‐randomized trial of immediate ART versus initiation according to current national guidelines (CD4≤350 cells/mm3), we compared adherence levels (≥95% vs. <95%) measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and pill count (PC) and virological suppression at six months (<400 c/mL) according to CD4 count at ART initiation through logistic regression models, adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, marital status, education and employment). During March 2012–May 2014, 601 participants who were not on ART entered care in trial clinics; 382 initiated ART; 254 have completed ≥6 months on ART, 227 of whom had six months HIV RNA data and were included in analyses. One hundred sixty‐nine were women; median (IQR) age and CD4 at ART initiation were 35 years (28, 46) and 313 cells/mm3 (206, 513). Adherence ≥95% at six months was high (88 and 83% by PC and VAS, respectively) with no evidence that this was associated with CD4 at initiation (aOR=0.97 per 100 cells/mm3 higher, 95% CI: 0.83–1.12, p=0.65 for VAS; aOR 1.13 per 100 cells/mm3 higher, 0.98–1.31, p=0.09 for PC). Male sex was independently associated with <95% adherence (2.58, 1.24–5.35, p=0.01; ref. females). Eighty‐three percent (183/227) of those who started ART achieved HIV suppression by six months with no association with CD4 at initiation (1.13 per 100 cells/mm3 higher, 0.96–1.33, p=0.40). Compared to those with ≥95% adherence by VAS, individuals with <95% adherence were somewhat less likely to suppress (0.44, 0.19–1.03, p=0.06). We found no evidence that, among people newly entering HIV care, higher CD4 at ART initiation was associated with reduced adherence or poorer virological suppression, at least in the short‐term. In this rural South African setting, motivation to adhere to ART may be independent of the presence of symptomatic HIV disease. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20340 © 2015 Iwuji C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: ciwuji@yahoo.com To have a population impact in generalized HIV epidemics in Africa, high coverage of combination HIV prevention strategies that reduce the susceptibility of uninfected persons and the infectiousness of infected persons is needed. Community‐based HIV testing and counselling, with linkage to care and prevention, is a potential delivery platform for combination HIV prevention. We conducted a multisite programme of community‐based HIV testing and counselling, linkage to HIV care, and demand creation for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in rural communities in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa and Sheema district, Uganda. HIV testing was done at home or through mobile units. HIV‐positive persons were randomly allocated to linkage to care strategies: clinic facilitation by lay‐counsellors at the initial clinic visit, lay‐counsellor follow‐up visits at home, or standard clinic referral. HIV‐negative uncircumcised men were randomized to VMMC demand creation strategies: lay counsellor follow‐up visits at home, SMS reminders, or standard VMMC promotion at the time of testing. Between June 2013 and February 2015, 15,332 persons received HIV testing and counselling. Among 1325 HIV‐positive persons randomized to linkage strategies, the overall clinic linkage was high (93%). Compared to standard linkage, lay counsellor clinic facilitation increased linkage to care (RR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.13), and home follow‐up visits increased antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.02–1.47). In all arms, ART initiation was limited by bottlenecks in service delivery at the clinics, although 67% of those eligible initiated ART by nine months. Overall, 82% of persons initiating ART achieved viral suppression without significant difference between study arms. Of 750 HIV‐negative uncircumcised men randomized to VMMC promotion strategies, the uptake of circumcision was 41% by month 3. Compared to standard messages, VMMC uptake was significantly higher in the SMS promotion (RR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.36–2.17) and lay counsellor follow‐up arms (and RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.29–2.14). Community‐based HIV testing and linkage to care and prevention effectively deliver combination HIV prevention. Simple strategies, such as SMS reminders or lay‐counsellor visits, increase linkage for ART initiation and male circumcision. Community‐based strategies require integration with efficient clinical services, and additional strategies are needed to address clinic delays that are barriers to ART delivery. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20483 © 2015 Barnabas R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rbarnaba@uw.edu In 2011, results from an interim analysis of the HPTN 052 trial demonstrated that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) was highly effective for the prevention of HIV transmission from HIV‐infected adults (index participants) to their HIV‐uninfected sexual partners. All index participants were offered ART after May 2011; the trial ended in May 2015. This report describes the analysis of partner infections in HPTN 052. HIV from index‐partner pairs was analyzed. Phylogenetic methods were used to compare HIV pol sequences from index‐partner pairs and controls. Linkage probability was further assessed by comparing the genetic distances between pol sequences (Bayesian analysis). Selected samples were also analyzed using next generation sequencing (envy region). Three infections that occurred close to the time of index ART initiation were analyzed by BEAST and serologic methods to determine the probable timing of HIV transmission. This abstract presents provisional findings based on data available as of May 2015. Seventy‐five partner infections were confirmed (64 in Africa, 6 in Asia, 5 in the Americas), including 39 described previously (JID 2011; 204:1918–1926). Linkage status was determined for 70 cases (five cases failed analysis). Of these 70 cases, 26 (37%) were classified as unlinked (the partner was most likely infected from someone other than the index participant), and 44 (63%) were classified as linked (the index was most likely the source of the partner′s HIV infection). In 7 of the 44 linked cases, the partner seroconverted while the index was receiving study ART. In four of these seven cases, the partner seroconverted shortly after the index started ART, likely before the index was virally suppressed. In the remaining three cases, the partner seroconverted when the index was not virally suppressed due to ART failure. Laboratory and statistical methods were used to identify and characterize linked partner infections in HPTN 052. Seven linked infections were observed in partners after index participants started study ART: four occurred shortly after ART initiation and three occurred in the setting of ART failure. The timing of the linked transmission events supports the model that HIV transmission is very unlikely in the setting of viral suppression. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20484 © 2015 Eshleman S H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: seshlem@jhmi.edu Under the Option B+ PMTCT strategy, HIV‐infected pregnant and breastfeeding women initiate lifelong ART. Long‐term retention after weaning is unknown. We examine treatment outcomes for up to 30‐months after ART initiation. We examined cumulative incidence of mortality, no follow‐up after ART initiation, loss to follow‐up after the first follow‐up visit (LTF), treatment discontinuation and retention in the Malawian “Option B+ programme.” We analyzed 24‐months aggregated facility‐level data (65,749 patients, 654 facilities) and 30‐months individual‐level data (3225 patients; six large facilities) from Option B+ patients who initiated ART during 2011–2014. We excluded patients who transferred to another facility. In facility‐level data, 79.9% (52,525/65,749) and 75.0% (40,509/54,029) of all patients were still in care 6 and 12 months after ART initiation. After 24 months, 70.6% (17,257/24,245) were retained, 26.8% were LTF, 1.5% had died and 0.6% stopped ART. In six large facilities with individual‐level data, slightly more patients defaulted or discontinued treatment: 24 and 30 months after ART initiation retention was 67.2 and 62.6%. Most patients were lost early and many did not return after the first visit (Figure 1), but after 18 months, further LTF was low. Of those who started ART during pregnancy, 15.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.4–17.4%) had no follow‐up, 18.0% (95% CI: 16.0–20.0%) were LTF, 6.6% (95% CI: 5.1–8.3%) stopped ART and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3–1.0%) died during 30 months of follow‐up. Of those who initiated ART while breastfeeding, 8.5% (95% CI: 6.8–10.4%) had no follow‐up, 18.6% (95% CI: 15.7–21.7%) were LTF, 1.9% (95% CI: 1.0–3.5%) stopped ART and 0.6% died (95% CI: 0.2–1.3%) (Fig. 1). Patients who collected <85% of the prescribed drugs during the first year of ART were at higher risk of LTF between 13 and 30 months compared to patients who collected >95% of the prescribed drugs (aHR: 3.02; 95% CI: 1.99–4.59). Suboptimal long‐term retention in care (67–70% after two years) needs to be addressed. Attrition rates are higher in those starting ART during pregnancy versus breast‐feeding. Poor early drug adherence predicts later LTF. If women stay in care throughout breast‐feeding, retention after weaning is likely. Abstract MOAC0201–Figure 1. ART outcomes for Option B+ patients. Abstract MOAC0201–Figure 1. ART outcomes for Option B+ patients. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20341 © 2015 Haas A D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: andreas.haas@ispm.unibe.ch In Malawi's antenatal programme, HIV counselling and testing (HCT) for pregnant women is nearly universal, but couple HCT (cHCT) is uncommon, even though it is included in the Option B+ guidelines. cHCT is critical for HIV‐infected women: many have HIV‐infected partners in need of HIV diagnosis and treatment or HIV‐uninfected partners in need of HIV prevention. cHCT may also increase Option B+ retention. Two partner recruitment strategies were assessed for cHCT uptake, male HIV status, female Option B+ retention and consistent condom use. Newly diagnosed HIV‐infected pregnant women≥16 years with male partners in Lilongwe were recruited from Bwaila District Hospital Antenatal Unit from March to October 2014 to participate in a randomized controlled trial. Women in the “invitation only” arm received an invitation inviting male partners to antenatal care; women in the “invitation plus tracing” arm received the same invitation but male partners were traced by phone and/or home visit if they failed to present within one week. Women were assessed one month later. Analyses were conducted using Chi‐squared tests. Of 220 eligible women, 200 (90%) consented and enrolled. cHCT uptake was 52% in the invitation only arm and 74% in the invitation plus tracing arm (p=0.001). Among the 126 men who presented for cHCT, 25% already knew they were HIV‐infected, 47% learned they were HIV‐infected for the first time and 25% were HIV‐uninfected with no difference by arm (p=0.8). There was a trend towards greater one‐month retention among women in the invitation plus tracing arm (91%) compared to the invitation only arm (83%) (p=0.09). Among HIV‐discordant couples, unprotected sex declined from 94 to 23% (p<0.001) following cHCT. Participation did not lead to intimate partner violence in either arm. The invitation plus tracing strategy was extremely effective for recruiting male partners for cHCT and substantially more effective than the invitation only strategy. Both strategies identified many HIV‐infected men and HIV‐discordant couples. cHCT resulted in higher ART retention, declines in unprotected sex in HIV‐discordant couples and no intimate partner violence. Scaling up an invitation plus tracing strategy within the Option B+ programme would have substantial public health benefits. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20342 © 2015 Rosenberg N et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: nora_rosenberg@unc.edu We evaluated the impact of Option A, rolled out in August–December 2011, on HIV‐free infant survival and mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) in Zimbabwe. In 2012 and 2014, we conducted cross‐sectional community‐based serosurveys of mother‐infants pairs residing in the catchment areas of 157 health facilities randomly selected from 5 of 10 provinces in Zimbabwe. Eligible infants (alive or deceased) were born 9–18 months before each survey to mothers ≥16 years old. We randomly selected mother‐infant pairs and conducted questionnaires and verbal autopsies and collected blood samples. The impact analysis was limited to 113 catchment areas unexposed to Option A activities at baseline according to facility records; we estimated the HIV‐free infant survival and MTCT rate within each catchment area and compared the 2012 and 2014 estimates using a paired t‐test. We enrolled 8568 mother‐infant pairs with viable maternal specimens in 2012 and 9619 in 2014, of whom 1107 (12.9%) and 1176 (12.2%) mothers respectively were HIV‐infected. Among infants born to HIV‐infected mothers, 90.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88.8, 92.3) of infants were alive and HIV‐uninfected at 9–18 months in 2012, compared to 94.7% (95% CI: 93.4, 96.0) of infants in 2014 (p=0.001); MTCT was 9.0% (95% CI: 7.3, 10.7) in 2012 and 5.3% (95% CI: 4.0, 6.6) in 2014. In the 113 catchment areas where Option A was implemented after the infants surveyed in 2012 were born, there was a 6.5 percentage point (95% CI: 3.3, 9.7) mean increase in HIV‐free infant survival (89.8 to 96.3%, p<0.001), and 6.2 percentage point (95% CI: 3.0, 9.4) mean decrease in MTCT (9.9 to 3.7%, p<0.001). We found a substantial and statistically significant increase in HIV‐free infant survival and decrease in MTCT among infants aged 9–18 months following the implementation of Option A in Zimbabwe. Our estimates capture transmissions during pregnancy, delivery and the first 9–18 months of breastfeeding. Notably, 72% of HIV‐exposed infants were still breastfeeding at baseline and 78% at endline, so additional infections may occur. The 2014 survey also provides a baseline for evaluating Option B+, which has been recently rolled out in Zimbabwe and should further accelerate efforts to eliminate MTCT. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20343 © 2015 Buzdugan R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: f.cowan@ucl.ac.uk Infants born to HIV‐infected pregnant women presenting late are at high risk of intrapartum infection. Mother/infant antiretroviral (ARV) intensification may substantially reduce this risk. In a multicentre, phase 3, adaptive single‐arm trial in Thailand, pregnant women with <8 weeks of standard ARVs (zidovudine (ZDV)+lamivudine (3TC)+lopinavir/ritonavir) and their infants received “ARV intensification” to prevent transmission at delivery: women took a single nevirapine (NVP) dose in labour and continued ARVs for four weeks; formula‐fed neonates received two weeks AZT+3TC+NVP followed by two weeks AZT+3TC, instead of standard one‐week ZDV. Infants were tested for HIV at birth, one, two, four, six months. A negative DNA PCR <48 hours, followed by a confirmed positive PCR defined intrapartum transmission. Data from 3965 mother/infant pairs (84 intrapartum transmissions) in three PHPT randomized perinatal HIV prevention trials (NCT00386230, NCT00398684 and NCT00409591) conducted in the same setting were used to define an historical control and build an intrapartum transmission model. Viral load (VL) during pregnancy was modelled as a function of ARVs exposure and intrapartum transmission was predicted through a logistic model with VL, maternal/infant ARVs, delivery mode and prematurity status as covariates. The Bayesian estimation of the risks of intrapartum transmission with/without intensification used all historical information and decision rules to stop for futility or superiority of ARV intensification over standard of care (risk ratio, RR<1) were determined for three interim analyses. Prior intrapartum transmission probabilities were subsequently updated using the results of the intensification trial to derive posterior probabilities (credibility interval, CrI) as well as probability distributions of RR<1 and RR<0.5. At first interim analysis, the DSMB recommended stopping enrolment and reporting intensification efficacy. Overall 88 mother/infant pairs received intensification with no intrapartum transmission. The posterior probability of intrapartum transmission was 0.4% (95% CrI: 0.1–1.4%) with intensification compared to 2.0% (0.3–5.2%) without. The probability of superiority of intensification over standard of care (RR<1) was 94.1%, and that of at least a two‐fold reduction of risk (RR<0.5) was 82.9%. ARV intensification appeared safe. ARV intensification is very effective in preventing intrapartum transmission in pregnant women receiving a short course antepartum ARVs before delivery. Abstract MOAC0204–Table 1. Women's baseline characteristics Characteristics Historical data Intensification N 3965 88 Age (IQR) – years 25.7 (22.5–29.7) 26.3 (22.3–33.0) CD4 (IQR) – cells/mm3 380 (260–527) 368 (255–503) VL baseline (IQR) – log10 copies/mL 4.0 (3.4–4.6) 4.3 (3.7–4.7) VL delivery (IQR) – log10 copies/mL 3.2 (2.3–4.0) 2.2 (1.8–2.9) GA delivery (IQR) – weeks 38.7 (37.9–39.7) 38.6 (38.0–39.3) C/section (%) (21%) (36%) Abstract MOAC0204–Figure 1. Intrapartum transmission posterior probabilities. Abstract MOAC0204–Figure 1. Intrapartum transmission posterior probabilities. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20344 © 2015 Lallemant M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 In 2010 and 2013, World Health Organization issued revised guidelines on the recommended approaches for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) (Options A, B, B+). Estimating the cost of these PMTCT regimens is essential. We estimated the cost of Option A in Zimbabwe, which was rolled out in 2011. These data also represent baseline estimates to assess the cost‐effectiveness of Option B+, rolled out in Zimbabwe in late 2013. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 157 randomly selected health facilities offering PMTCT services in 5 of 10 provinces in Zimbabwe. In each facility, we collected data on the output and cost of PMTCT services, including staff and supplies for the whole year and for each month of 2013. We also assessed the time allocation of staff providing these services. We estimated the average cost of PMTCT services per facility and for specific services in the PMTCT cascade such as HIV testing and antiretroviral prophylaxis. We also examined the variation in costs by the type of provider. We estimated that the average cost of PMTCT services is approximately US$13,600 (median US$9074) per facility‐year, which varies widely by facility size and type. On average, 80% of the overall cost corresponds to staff (US$10,900) and the remaining 20% to supplies (US$2700). The average cost per pregnant woman tested was US$75 (median US$44) and the average cost per HIV‐infected pregnant woman on antiretroviral prophylaxis or treatment was US$1040 (median US$527) per year. Scale was associated with cost; 40% of the variation in the cost per pregnant woman tested can be explained by number of HIV+ women on ART/ARV, as was 50% of the variation in prophylaxis and treatment costs (see Figure). These findings are the first empirical estimations of PMTCT programmes costs in Zimbabwe. Given limited resources, calls for the elimination of MTCT have challenged the international community to optimize the use of resources to increase coverage of PMTCT priority services. Information about costs is essential to determine the highest possible quality HIV services at the lowest feasible cost and thus maximize efficiency. Abstract MOAC0205LB–Figure 1. Facility‐level variation of average cost per service in two stages of the PMTCT cascade vs. scale. Abstract MOAC0205LB–Figure 1. Facility‐level variation of average cost per service in two stages of the PMTCT cascade vs. scale. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20485 © 2015 Ochoa‐Moreno I et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: f.cowan@ucl.ac.uk Tanzania introduced voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in 2009 as part of its national HIV prevention strategy. Reaching men aged 20–34 years with circumcision may affect the most immediate reduction in HIV incidence. However, approximately 80% of VMMC clients in Tabora and Njombe regions are aged 10–19 years. This study evaluated the effect of a strategy to increase VMMC uptake among men aged 20–34 years in Njombe and Tabora. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial at 20 VMMC outreach sites was conducted in Njombe and Tabora, focusing on increasing VMMC uptake. The intervention, which was informed by formative research, included 1) additional demand‐creation messages (non‐HIV benefits of VMMC, voluntary nature of HIV testing), 2) involvement of recently circumcised men as auxiliary peer promoters, 3) separate waiting and education areas for men aged >20 years, and 4) sessions on wound healing and post‐circumcision abstinence targeting female partners. Analysis was based on cluster‐level summary measures. Overall, 6251 men were enrolled in 10 intervention sites (1809 Njombe and 4442 Tabora) and 3968 men in the 10 control sites (1035 Njombe and 2933 Tabora). The proportion of clients aged 20–34 was greater in intervention sites compared to control sites (17.7% vs. 13.0%; RR=1.4; 95% CI: 0.9–2.0; p=0.11) and was associated with a greater number of clients in both regions (overall mean difference=227; 95% CI: 33–420; p=0.03). The effect of the intervention varied by region: in Njombe, there was little difference in attendance between control and intervention sites (11.3% vs. 14.7%; RR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.4–1.6; p=0.43), while in Tabora, there was over a twofold difference (27.5% vs. 11.5%; RR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.7–3.4; p=0.03). Similarly, the mean number of clients aged 20–34 was greater in intervention facilities in Tabora (mean difference=182; 95% CI: 5–359; p=0.05) and there was little difference in Njombe (mean difference=12; 95% CI: −13 to 36; p=0.31). The intervention was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of VMMC clients aged 20–34 years in Tabora but not in Njombe. The lack of intervention effect in Njombe may be due to saturation, as VMMC has been available for longer. The results suggest that the intervention may be more likely to be effective in areas newly targeted for VMMC. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20486 © 2015 Wambura M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: wmwita@yahoo.com Identifying interventions to increase men's uptake of HIV testing in sub‐Saharan Africa is essential for the success of combination prevention strategies, including treatment as prevention. HIV self‐testing is an emerging approach with high acceptability, but limited evidence exists on optimal strategies for distributing self‐tests and reaching men in particular. This study explored a novel approach of providing multiple self‐tests to women with high HIV incidence to promote HIV testing among their sexual partners. HIV‐uninfected women aged 18–39 years were recruited at two sites in Kisumu, Kenya between January and March 2015: a drop‐in centre for female sex workers (FSWs) and a health facility with antenatal and postpartum clinics. Following informed consent and instructions on using the OraQuick Rapid HIV 1/2 Test, index participants (IPs) enrolled at the health facility and drop‐in centre received three and five self‐tests, respectively. Structured interviews were conducted with IPs at enrolment and multiple times over three months to determine how self‐tests were used. Key outcomes included the proportion of IPs reporting their primary sexual partner used a self‐test. A total of 278 IPs were enrolled (101 FSWs, 61 antenatal, 116 postpartum). Follow‐up interviews were completed with 262 IPs (94.2%) by May 9, 2015. Most self‐tests provided at enrolment were either used by the IP or given to other persons (mean 2.7 (90%) for antenatal and postpartum IPs, 4.7 (94%) for FSWs). All but two IPs gave ≥1 self‐tests to other persons, and a large majority gave a self‐test to their primary sexual partner (77% FSWs, 91.8% antenatal and 86% postpartum). Ninety‐eight percent of self‐tests given to other persons were reported to be used. Among 367 persons who received self‐tests from FSWs and used them, commercial sex clients were the largest group (211, 57%). In total, 10.6% (72/681) of those who received self‐tests from IPs and used them were reported to obtain an HIV‐positive result; 55% of them sought confirmatory testing. Provision of multiple HIV self‐tests to sub‐populations of women with high HIV incidence was successful in promoting HIV testing among their sexual partners. This novel strategy warrants further consideration as countries develop self‐testing policies. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20487 © 2015 Thirumurthy H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: hthirumu@email.unc.edu On 23 January 2015, the Indiana State Department of Health began investigating an outbreak of HIV infection after disease intervention specialists (DIS) reported 11 confirmed HIV cases traced to a rural community in southeastern Indiana that had reported five HIV cases between 2004 and 2013. From 2009 to 2013, the community (population 4200) had substantial unemployment (8.9%), many adults without high school diplomas (21.3%), a substantial proportion living in poverty (19%) and a limited healthcare access. A public health emergency was declared on March 26 by executive order. We report on efforts to diagnose HIV infection in this community. For individuals newly diagnosed with HIV infection, partner services’ interviews elicited information about needle‐sharing and sex partners and social contacts (who could benefit from an HIV test) within the past 12 months. HIV testing was offered to all contacts who could be located. DIS identified 491 unique individuals during contact tracing, and as of May 13, 390/491 (79%) persons were located, assessed for risk and tested for HIV. Overall, 153/390 (39%) persons were diagnosed with HIV infection. There was no difference in age and sex between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative tested persons (Table 1). Compared with HIV‐negative contacts (n=239), the 153 HIV‐infected individuals were more likely to be named as needle‐sharing partners (81% vs. 52%; p<0.0001) and less likely to be named as sexual partners only (1% vs. 15%; p<0.0001) during contract tracing. All individuals reporting injection drug use described practices including crushing, dissolving and cooking OPANA® ER or extended‐release generic oxymorphone. The reported daily numbers of injections ranged from 4 to 15, and the number of injection partners ranged from 1 to 6 per injection event. Individuals reported that injection drug use in this community is a multigenerational activity with family and community members injecting together, frequently sharing syringes and drug preparation equipment. This outbreak highlights the vulnerability of rural, resource‐poor populations to drug use, misuse and addiction; the importance of timely HIV surveillance activities and rapid response to interrupt disease transmission and the need for expanded mental health and substance use treatment programmes in medically underserved rural areas. Abstract MOAC0303LB–Table 1. HIV cases and contacts identified during investigation HIV‐positive N (%) HIV‐negative N (%) Total N (%) Overall 153 237 390 Male sex 88 (58) 132 (56) 220 (56) Median age (range) 34 (18–57) 35 (13–75) 34 (13–75) HIV risk factor Sexual risk only 2 (1) 36 (15) 38 (10) Needle‐sharing risk only 65 (42) 87 (37) 152 (39) Sexual and needle‐sharing risk 59 (39) 36 (15) 95 (24) Unknown 27 (18) 78 (33) 105 (27) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20488 © 2015 Duwve J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jduwve@iu.edu In January 2015, a cluster of HIV‐1 infections was detected in a rural county in southeastern Indiana among persons who reported injection of the prescription opioid oxymorphone. As of 13 May 2015, HIV‐1 infection has been diagnosed in 153 individuals. We compare molecular analyses of HIV‐1 and HCV sequences among a subset of individuals in this outbreak to infer the timing of HIV transmission relative to HCV. Serum and plasma samples were collected from November 2014 to April 2015. HIV polymerase (pol) gene sequences from persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection were phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic clusters were defined when HIV‐1 pol sequences were highly genetically related (>97% nucleotide identity) and statistical evidence supporting relatedness was high (Shimodaira–Hasegawa probabilities >0.99). Recency of HIV infection was determined by avidity testing using a modified Bio‐Rad HIV 1/2 plus O assay (BRAI). HCV NS5B gene sequences were phylogenetically analyzed to determine the number of clusters of independent HCV strains within this population. The pol gene was sequenced for 57 HIV‐1‐infected persons. Two clusters of HIV‐1 subtype B infection were identified (Cluster 1, n=55; Cluster 2, n=2; Figure, panel a). Among 49 specimens available for BRAI testing, 45 (91.8%) were recent infections. Of 36 HIV‐infected specimens with HCV antibody results, 34 (94%) were HCV co‐infected. The NS5B gene was sequenced for 119 HCV‐infected persons. Genotype 1a (n=82) was most common, followed by genotype 3a (n=29), 2b (n=5) and 1b (n=3). Three unique clusters of HCV strains were identified (Cluster 1, n=45; Cluster 2, n=9; Cluster 3, n= 7; Figure, panel b). Of 118 HCV‐infected specimens with HIV antibody results, 38 (32.2%) were HIV co‐infected. In this prescription opioid injection‐associated outbreak, a single strain of HIV‐1 was introduced into a population infected with multiple HCV strains. In contrast to the homogeneity of HIV strains observed in this cohort, the heterogeneity of HCV strains (clustering and non‐clustering) suggests earlier introduction of HCV compared with HIV. These data demonstrate the outbreak potential with the introduction of HIV‐1 into a community where HCV prevalence is high among persons who inject prescription opioids. Abstract MOAC0304LB–Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of (a) HIV‐1 pol sequences and (b) HCV NS 5b sequences. Abstract MOAC0304LB–Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of (a) HIV‐1 pol sequences and (b) HCV NS 5b sequences. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20489 © 2015 Galang R R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: ydh0@cdc.gov Daily oral FTC/TDF (Truvada) is US FDA‐approved for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). HPTN 067/ADAPT, a phase II randomized, open‐label PrEP trial, assessed the feasibility of intermittent FTC/TDF‐based PrEP for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in New York City (NYC). MSM and TGW were eligible if: male at birth, and reported anal intercourse and ≥1 other HIV risk factor in the past six months. Exclusion criteria included HIV infection, hepatitis B infection, acute HIV symptoms and abnormal renal function. Following six weeks of once/week directly observed dosing, participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to 24 weeks of PrEP dosed: daily (D), twice weekly plus one post‐sex dose (time‐driven (T)), or one pre‐ and one post‐sex dose (event‐driven (E)). Regimens were compared for prophylactic coverage (PrEP within four days pre‐ and 24 hours post‐sex) of sex events, pills taken, side effects and plasma drug levels. Adherence and coverage were assessed using electronic monitoring adjusted by self‐reported sex and pill taking behaviour collected in detailed weekly interviews. A total of 179 participants were randomized: 176 MSM, 3 TGW; median age 30 years; 70% black, 13% white and 25% Hispanic. D arm participants had significantly higher complete coverage of sex acts (66% D, 47% T, 52% E; p=0.03; Table 1) and highest adherence to regimen (65% D, 46% T, 41% E; p<0.001). Significantly fewer pills were used with intermittent (T and E) PrEP (p<0.001). Side effects were similar across arms, with gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms most common. Participants reporting recent sex in all PrEP dosing arms achieved similar rates of detectable plasma tenofovir levels and of concentrations associated with effective PrEP dose frequency. While this cohort of mostly black MSM in NYC reported higher prophylactic coverage of sex acts and higher adherence to daily PrEP, non‐daily PrEP users who reported recent sex achieved comparable rates of effective tenofovir plasma concentrations. Intermittent PrEP required substantially fewer pills, although side effects were similar. This study demonstrates the feasibility of intermittent PrEP, a potentially more cost‐effective alternative to daily PrEP, among U.S. black MSM. Abstract MOAC0305LB–Table 1 Characteristic Study regimen daily (D), n=59 Study regimen time (T), n=60 Study regimen event (E), n=60 p Number of sex events during study, excluding oral sex 1083 1311 1502 0.20 % total sex events with complete coverage (or for sex events with partial coverage % pre‐sex only, % post‐sex only) 66 (24, 2) 47 (30, 8) 52 (29, 6) 0.03 Total number of required pills taken 5370 1708 1063 <0.001 Total % PrEP adherence 65 46 41 <0.001 % Participants with neurologic side effects (e.g. headache, dizzy and lightheaded) 24 20 18 0.64 % Participants with gastrointestinal side effects (e.g. nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, bloating, gas) 39 18 28 0.51 % Participants with detectable tenofovir (TFV) (>0.31 ng/mL) in plasma when reporting sex in last 7 days at 10 weeks, at 30 weeks 74, 61 76, 56 64, 50 0.58 Median plasma TFV concentration (ng/mL) in plasma when reporting sex in last 7 days at 10 weeks, at 30 weeks 83, 31 24, 11 15, 1 0.49 % achieving effective plasma TFV concentration (>5 ng/mL) when reporting sex in last 7 days at 10 weeks, at 30 weeks 63, 56 72, 50 61, 39 0.65 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20538 © 2015 Mannheimer S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sbm20@columbia.edu Oral FTC/TDF PrEP is effective for preventing sexual HIV acquisition when used daily. An alternate dosing (non‐daily) regimen was effective in the IPERGAY trial. Daily and non‐daily regimens have not been compared directly with respect to prophylactic coverage for sexual exposure. We enrolled men who have sex with men (MSM) into a phase 2, randomized, open‐label trial of oral FTC/TDF PrEP in Bangkok, Thailand. We randomly assigned participants to one of three self‐administered dosing regimens for 24 weeks: daily (D); time‐driven twice weekly with a post‐sex dose (T) or event‐driven before and after sex (E). We contacted participants weekly to collect dates/times of PrEP use (monitored electronically by Wisepill™) and sex events. We defined adherence as the proportion of tablets taken as recommended, and coverage as taking ≥1 tablet in the four days before sex and ≥1 tablet within 24 hours after sex. We randomized 178 MSM (median age 31 years). PrEP coverages were similar in arms D and T (85% vs. 84%, p=0.79) and both were greater than in arm E (74%; p<0.05). Adherence was greater in D (85%) compared with T (79%) or E (65%; p<0.001). Compared with D, the number of doses required for full adherence was reduced by 57% in T and by 80% in E (p<0.001). Among MSM reporting sex in the past week, PBMC tenofovir diphosphate was detectable (≥9.1 fmol/million cells) among 31/31 (100%) in D, 28/29 (96.6%) in T and 28/30 (93.3%) in E at week 10 on study, and in 21/23 (91.3%), 18/19 (94.7%) and 12/14 (85.7%) at week 30, respectively (p=0.54). Median PBMC drug concentrations at week 30 were highest among men in D (102.0 vs. 46.8 vs. 32.9 fmol/million cells for D, T and E, respectively, p<0.001). No HIV infections occurred after randomization. Compared with the daily regimen, the time‐driven dosing regimens offered comparably high PrEP coverage for sex acts for Thai MSM, despite slightly less adherence, while requiring fewer tablets. However, since non‐daily dosing results in significantly lower PBMC drug concentrations, stricter adherence is required under these regimens to maintain prophylactic drug concentrations. Abstract MOAC0306LB–Table 1. Results from Bangkok HPTN 067/ADAPT study (n=178) Characteristic Daily (D) Time‐driven (T) Event‐driven (E) Total p value N 60 59 59 178 – Median age 31 28 31 31 – Number of sex events over full study, not including oral sex 1485 1337 1018 – 0.16 % total events fully covered 85 84 74 – See text Total required tablets actually taken 8047 3272 1255 – <0.001 Total tablets required 9420 4121 1928 – <0.001 Total % adherence 85 79 65 – <0.001 % detectable (>9.1 fmol/million) in PBMCs when reporting sex in last 7 days (at 10 weeks of follow up; at 30 weeks of follow up) 100; 91.3 96.6; 94.7 93.3; 85.7 96.7; 91.1 0.54 Median drug concentration in PBMCs (fmol/million cells) when reporting sex in last 7 days (at 10 weeks of follow up; at 30 weeks of follow up) 81.1; 102.0 35.3; 46.8 26.4; 32.9 45.5; 60.7 <0.001 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20539 © 2015 Holtz T H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tkh3@cdc.gov Progress towards the ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 critically depends on adoption of global guidelines that address evidenced based proven approaches to optimally treat all people living with HIV and how to best deliver interventions. With the 2013 Consolidated ARV Guidelines, WHO successfully launched new policy recommendations on the clinical, operational, programmatic and M&E aspects of HIV treatment and care. WHO HQ with regional and country offices, held nine capacity building and dissemination consultations for >100 countries from 2013 to 2014. Through triangulation of baseline surveys, e‐surveys with the country MoH HIV focal point and data compiled from the 2014 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting, we have documented the adoption of priority HIV treatment policies within the 58 WHO focal countries. Data are presented through end 2014. Within 18 months of the launch of the 2013 consolidated antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) guidelines, 44 of 58 (76%) of focus countries adopted at least one of the major recommendations; globally another 25 countries were in the process of adopting. Sixty percent of focus countries adopted a CD4 count initiation of ≤500 cells/mm3, while Brazil, Thailand and Yemen offer treatment to all adults regardless of CD4 cell count. Seventy‐one percent adopted a policy to treat all children with HIV <5 years; Ethiopia treats all children <15 years. More than 90% of countries adopted PMTCT Option B/B+; 59% adopted treatment for all HIV serodiscordant couples; and 86% adopted the use of TDF+3TC (or FTC)+EFV as the preferred first‐line therapy, granting more people access to better treatment regimens; and 69% planned to implement routine viral load monitoring. Adoption varied by WHO region (Figure 1). An update on the country implementation of these policies will be available in April 2015. With the 2013 Consolidated ARV Guidelines, WHO brought together 56 new recommendations across the continuum of HIV treatment and care, and supported countries to more rapidly adopt new policies than ever before; if fully implemented, countries can achieve the 90/90/90 global target. Abstract MOAD0101–Figure 1. WHO ARV Guidelines Adoption by region. Abstract MOAD0101–Figure 1. WHO ARV Guidelines Adoption by region. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20345 © 2015 Doherty M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: dohertym@who.int UNAIDS has set the “90–90–90” target for all countries: to diagnose 90% of all HIV positive people, provide antiretrovirals for 90% of those diagnosed and achieve undetectable HIV RNA for 90% of those treated, in every country worldwide by 2020. This translates to at least 73% of all HIV positive people achieving undetectable HIV RNA in every country. We used national level HIV treatment cascades to analyze whether countries have achieved these targets. We compared published estimates of HIV treatment cascades across 12 countries in Western and Eastern Europe, North and South America, Australia and sub‐Saharan Africa. Cascades were selected based on reliable, generalizable, recently published results from large cross‐sectional and longitudinal study cohorts. Data were analyzed in six stages: 1) HIV positive people, 2) Diagnosed, 3) Linked to care, 4) Retained in care, 5) On antiretroviral treatment (ART), 6) Undetectable HIV RNA. Each country level cascade was analyzed to identify whether each stage of the 90–90–90 target was met. The percentage of HIV positive people who both received ART and achieved undetectable HIV‐RNA ranged from 9% (Russia) to 73% (Switzerland). None of the 12 countries met the UNAIDS target of 90% of HIV positive people diagnosed. One country (Switzerland) met the target of 90% of diagnosed people on ART. Five countries (Switzerland, Australia, UK, Denmark and The Netherlands) met the target of 90% of treated people with undetectable HIV RNA. While five Western European countries achieved >50% undetectable HIV‐RNA, three Eastern European countries achieved under <20%. USA achieved undetectable HIV‐RNA for 30% overall, the lowest amongst high‐income countries, comparable to sub‐Saharan Africa (29%). The largest fall between stages in the treatment cascades was between prevalence and diagnosis for Switzerland, UK, The Netherlands, Sub‐Saharan Africa and Russia; from diagnosis to receiving ART for Australia, Brazil, USA, Georgia and Estonia, and between treatment and achieving undetectable HIV RNA for France and Canada. Only one of the 12 countries analyzed achieved the UNAIDS 90–90–90 coverage target of 73% of HIV positive people with undetectable HIV RNA. There were disparities between countries. A standardized reporting method should be implemented to facilitate comparisons between countries to better identify gaps and inform policy. Abstract MOAD0102–Table 1. Country level cascades versus 90–90–90 target Country % Diagnosed % On ART % Undetectable HIV‐RNA Country % Diagnosed % On ART % Undetectable HIV‐RNA UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets for 2020 90 82 73 Brazil (2013) 80 48 40 Switzerland (2012) 84 76 73 Canada (BC) (2011) 71 51 35 Australia (2013) 86 66 62 USA (2013) 82 40 30 United Kingdom (2013) 76 68 61 Sub‐Saharan Africa (2013) 45 39 29 Denmark (2010) 85 62 59 Georgia (2012) 52 26 20 The Netherlands (2013) 73 59 53 Estonia (2013) 87 29 19 France (2010) 81 60 52 Russia (2013) 49 11 9 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20346 © 2015 Levi J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jacob.levi11@imperial.ac.uk Expanded access to HAART in Latin America began slowly in the late 1990s and faster in early 2000s; many antiretrovirals used then, are now outdated and most patients presented with advanced disease stages. Characterizing these patients’ major outcomes (death, loss to follow‐up (LTFU), viral suppression, CD4+ cell (CD4) count evolution and regimen changes) after a decade of HAART – not well defined at present – may provide insights into their present and future situation and provide information relevant for the management of patients who initiated HAART more recently. The study included adults from six CCASAnet sites: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Honduras and Mexico who initiated HAART before 2004, without exclusion of non‐ART‐naïve. Status (active, LTFU or dead) for each patient was registered at six‐month intervals for up to 10 years, as well as CD4 and viral load (VL) in active patients. The proportions of patients in first, second, third or further HAART regimen or not on HAART were also measured. In total, 4975 patients (66% male) met inclusion criteria. At HAART initiation, the median age was 35 years, 23% had AIDS and 45% were not ART‐naïve. At 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years, overall rates of mortality were 4.2, 6.8, 9.0, 10.8 and 13.6% respectively. LTFU rates for the same periods were 2.4, 6.8, 10.9, 14.8 and 24.2% respectively; 62% remained in active care at 10 years (Figure 1). At the end of follow up, 85% of active patients had VL<400 copies/mL (Haiti excluded because VL not regularly measured) and median CD4 increased from 153 to 517 cells/mm3 . After 10 years, only 11% of patients remained active and on their first HAART regimen, 13% were on their second, 12% were on their third and 23% were on their fourth or more regimen. Heterogeneity in outcomes between sites was substantial. Despite advanced disease and use of mostly old antiretrovirals, a large proportion of first HAART initiators in these Latin American cohorts were alive, in active control, with substantial immune recovery and virologic suppression after 10 years. Early death was a problem as well as persistent LTFU and frequent change of therapy. Abstract MOAD0103–Figure 1. Major outcomes of early HAART programs at CCASAnet. Abstract MOAD0103–Figure 1. Major outcomes of early HAART programs at CCASAnet. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20347 © 2015 Wolff M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: marcewolff@yahoo.com The integration of HIV‐care into primary health care (PHC) clinics is a strategy to expand access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, integration may compromise PHC service delivery within weak health systems. We designed a study to examine changes in PHC service provision (pre and post‐integration) in public‐sector PHC clinics in Free State, South Africa. We analyzed administrative data on 15 PHC indicators. The data were collected monthly over a critical four year period as integration was implemented into 131 PHC clinics representing a catchment population of 1.5 million. We defined integration as the month and year the PHC clinic provided comprehensive HIV‐care, from testing to treatment to follow‐up. We utilized interrupted time series analysis at ±18 and ±30 months from HIV integration in each clinic to identify changes in PHC services post‐integration. We conducted sensitivity analyses with linear mixed effect models to study the relationship between HIV service indicators and the PHC indicators. The number of patients receiving ART in the 131 PHC clinics studied increased from 121 (April 2009) to 57,958 (March 2013). We did not observe any changes in service indicators for 11 of the 15 PHC indicators we examined, However, we did observe decreases in population‐level immunization coverage after integration by 0.98% (SE=0.25, p<0.001) at ±18 months and by 1.31% (SE=0.16, p<0.001) at ±30 months. Clinic level immunization coverage also decreased by 33 infants per 100,000 patients (SE=8, p<0.001) at ±30 months. None of these changes were associated with the number of HIV patients at the clinics. We also observed decreases in total clinic visits per year for adults and children under five years old. Despite an extraordinary increase in patients accessing ART in PHC clinics during our study period, the vast majority of PHC indicators remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that the integration of HIV‐care into public‐sector PHC clinics is a viable strategy through which to expand access to ART. However, further research is needed to understand how immunization coverage is affected. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20348 © 2015 Rawat A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: angelirawat@gmail.com The Adherence Club (AC) model of care was piloted by Médecins Sans Frontières starting in 2007. ACs are groups of approximately 30 stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients who met every eight weeks for group support, brief symptom screen and collection of pre‐packed ART facilitated by a lay‐healthcare worker. Following good pilot outcomes, from 2011 the Cape Metro health district in turn piloted, using a collaborative quality improvement approach and then adopted the model of care. Few data on large‐scale implementation of novel models of care exist. We describe the implementation scale‐up across the district highlighting key efficiencies and context‐specific adaptations to the model. We describe the scale‐up from January 2011 to December 2014. Data from routine electronic monitoring of the ART programme provide the total number of ART patients retained in care (RIC) while monitoring of AC participation is reported monthly by each AC. AC implementation expanded over the four‐year period with the number of patients retained in AC care increasing annually from 5675 in December 2011 to 30,790 in December 2014 (Figure 1). By December 2014, ACs were offered at 76.1% of ART facilities (51/76) with only 7.5% of ART patients in care at a facility where ACs were not operating. The proportion of patients receiving ART within an AC grew from 7.3% in 2011 to 25.0% by the end of 2014 (Figure 1). Over a four‐year period, the AC model of care was widely accepted and expanded to support a quarter of all patients receiving ART in the district. Adaptations to the model of care supported implementation within the various facility contexts. Some facilities offered ACs at the facility while others decentralized the model to outreach community and home venues. Most used various lay cadres of staff, while some used nurses to facilitate the groups. The model offered efficiencies both to patients and the health system. For ACs to expand to provide quality care to a greater proportion of ART patients, appropriate resources are required. Further research is needed to evaluate the outcomes of AC patients. Abstract MOAD0105LB–Figure 1. Number of patients receiving care within an Adherence Club and the proportion of all ART patients in the Cape Metro health district receiving care within an Adherence Club, January 2011–December 2014. Abstract MOAD0105LB–Figure 1. Number of patients receiving care within an Adherence Club and the proportion of all ART patients in the Cape Metro health district receiving care within an Adherence Club, January 2011–December 2014. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20540 © 2015 Wilkinson L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: msfocb‐khayelitsha‐coord@brussels.msf.org Treatment of HIV infection with antiretrovirals reduces individuals’ plasma viral loads to undetectable levels and in turn decreases the risk of transmission. Despite epidemiological evidence supporting the efficacy of “Treatment as Prevention,” quantifying this success remains a significant challenge. Phylogenetic analysis of viral sequence data can yield crucial insights into epidemic processes, including transmission dynamics. We sought to evaluate the impact of treatment on HIV transmission rates in British Columbia (BC), Canada, using phylogenetic methods. We recovered 27,296 anonymized HIV protease and RT sequences from 7747 HIV patients in BC from the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS database. Sequences were annotated with: sample collection date, treatment status at sample collection, date of first antiretroviral treatment and risk factor (intravenous drug use (IDU), men having sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual (HET)). Codons associated with known drug resistance were censored from the alignment prior to tree inference. We inferred a set of 1000 maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. We calculated a lineage level phylogenetic branching rate for each HIV lineage in the trees, which provides an approximate measure of transmission rates. We stratified branching rates by treatment experience and risk factor. To assess the impact of treatment on onward transmission of HIV, we compared the mean HIV branching rate between treatment‐experienced and treatment‐naive lineages across the BC epidemic as a whole and among risk factors. Phylogenetic branching rates were significantly lower among treatment‐experienced HIV lineages relative to treatment‐naive lineages (p<0.001), implying reduced rates of HIV transmission in the former. Importantly, treatment experienced lineages had significantly lower HIV branching rates irrespective of HIV transmission risk factor (p<0.001 for IDU, MSM and HET) or exposure to different antiretroviral drug classes (p<0.001 NRTI, NNRTI, PI), suggesting these results are not driven by penetrance of health care into particular risk groups or therapeutic regimens. Our results provide independent evidence that antiretroviral HIV treatment has limited the onward transmission of HIV to new hosts. These results are based on a lineage level measure, are measured phylogenetically rather than epidemiologically and are replicated both across different risk exposure categories and different treatment regimens. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20349 © 2015 Joy J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jjoy@cfenet.ubc.ca Sexual HIV‐1 infection requires penetration of the virus across the mucosal barrier and the establishment of infection in target cells. It is widely accepted that only one or a small number of HIV‐1 clones is successfully transmitted from the donor to the recipient. However, little is known about the phenotypic properties of the transmitted virus and the influence the phenotype plays in the genetic bottleneck selection process. Here we evaluated possible phenotypic differences between acute and chronic HIV‐1 that may effect transmission fitness. We compared the genetic diversity of HIV‐1 isolates from the female genital tract with isolates from the blood of the same donor by 454 pyrosequencing of the env region. Furthermore, we generated chimeric viruses from acute and chronic envelope genes using a yeast‐based cloning strategy. The chimeric clones were then evaluated for host cell entry and receptor efficiency, sensitivity to entry inhibitors and for replication fitness in PBMCs, T cells and macrophages. Additionally we evaluated the transmission fitness across mucosal tissues by multi‐virus competitions. Both acute and chronic HIV‐1 clones showed similar cell entry and receptor efficiency, sensitivity to inhibitors and replication fitness. Sequence analysis revealed that primary infection in the cervix resulted in a highly genetically diverse HIV‐1 population, while only one or a few HIV‐1 clones are in matched blood. Analysis of mixed competitions of acute and chronic HIV‐1 env‐clones in ex vivo tissue models revealed higher transmission fitness of acute isolates than chronic. We observed that higher transmission fitness was related to a reduced number of conserved N‐linked glycans on the envelope of acute viruses. Chronic HIV‐1 isolates appear to stay and replicate in the mucosal tissue, while acute isolates are preferentially bound by tissue residing dendritic cells/langerhans cells (DCs/LCs) and are subsequently transmitted to T cells. High levels of mannose binding proteins in tissue and lectins on epithelial cells may be responsible for a passive selection process of HIV‐1 with fewer glycans for transmission due to reduced lectin binding. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20350 © 2015 Klein K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: kklein5@uwo.ca HLA‐driven HIV‐1 immune escape mutations that persist following transmission could gradually spread in the viral population, compromising host antiviral immunity over time. We investigate the extent and correlates of escape mutation accumulation in HIV‐1 Polymerase (Pol) sequences in North America from 1979 to present. HIV‐1 RNA Pol and HLA class I genotyping was performed on 338 Historic (1979–1989) and 278 Modern (2001–2011) specimens from Boston, New York, San Francisco and Vancouver. HLA‐associated polymorphisms were defined according to published lists. Historic and modern datasets were also investigated for the presence for novel HLA‐associated mutations using phylogenetically‐ informed methods. Ancestral reconstruction of the HIV‐1 epidemic founder sequence was performed using bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees (BEAST) and Hypothesis testing using Phylogenies (HyPhy). The estimated HIV‐1 epidemic founder sequence dated to ~1969 and was near‐identical to the modern subtype B consensus, suggesting no historic selective sweeps have occurred to shift the population consensus. No HLA‐associated polymorphisms unique to the historic dataset were identified. Nevertheless, pairwise sequence diversity of modern HIV‐1 sequences was approximately two‐fold greater than historic sequences, with diversification predominating at HLA‐associated sites (p<0.0002). N=20 published HLA‐associated polymorphisms were investigated for spread over time. Overall, their median “background” frequencies (in individuals lacking the restricting HLA) were 6.6% vs. 16.8% in historic and modern eras respectively (p=0.0004); polymorphism frequencies in reconstructed pre‐1979 ancestral sequences were also consistent with gradual spread (p<0.01). No correlation was observed between HLA allele frequency and relative spread of its associated polymorphisms (r=−0.13, p=0.8); rather, polymorphisms restricted by protective HLA alleles exhibited greater relative spread than those restricted by non‐protective alleles (r=0.83, p=0.0047). Despite these overall increases, the frequency of many polymorphisms (e.g. B*51‐associated RT‐I135T) remained consistent throughout the eras. Moreover, at the whole‐sequence level, the median extent of adaptation of the typical circulating modern HIV‐1 Pol sequence to the average North American host remains 0%, indicating a low overall risk of acquiring HIV‐1 harbouring adaptations to one's HLA profile. Immune escape mutations in HIV‐1 Pol have spread significantly in the population since the genesis of the North American epidemic; however, these changes are unlikely to herald immediate consequences for host antiviral immunity on this continent. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20351 © 2015 Kinloch N N et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: nkinloch@sfu.ca Dolutegravir is an integrase inhibitor that has shown a high genetic barrier against the emergence of resistant strains. No resistance substitution has been observed in treatment‐naïve individuals treated with this drug. In tissue culture experiments, we have identified the R263K resistance substitution as a signature substitution for HIV resistance against dolutegravir, an observation that was later confirmed in highly treatment‐experienced individuals. Given the importance of DNA integration in the establishment of HIV persistence, we tested the ability of dolutegravir‐resistant HIV strains to integrate within human DNA. We used an Alu‐mediated quantitative PCR to measure levels of integration of dolutegravir‐resistant variants in primary human PBMCs. Levels of integration were normalized using the b‐actin gene. These experiments were performed using subtype B and C viruses. Our results show that dolutegravir‐resistant variants are impaired in their ability to integrate within human DNA. The integration levels of subtype B and C R263K variants were decreased by 30% and 40% compared to WT viruses, respectively. More important, the addition of several secondary substitutions failed to restore integration to a level comparable to WT and, in some cases, further lowered integration to only 20% of WT. The relative inability of dolutegravir‐resistant variants to integrate within human DNA may contribute to a progressive decrease in the viral reservoir of individuals who develop these substitutions. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20352 © 2015 Mesplède T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tibo_mes@hotmail.com Distinct integration patterns of different retroviruses, including HIV‐1, have puzzled virologists for over 20 years. A tetramer of the viral integrase (IN) assembles on the two viral cDNA ends, docks onto the target DNA (tDNA) to form the target capture complex (TCC) and catalyzes viral genome insertion into the host chromatin. We combined structural information on the Prototype Foamy Virus TCC with conservation in retroviral IN protein alignments to determine aa‐tDNA base contacts. We generated HIV‐1 variants based on the observed variability at these positions, assessed replication capacities and performed integration site sequencing to reveal their integration preferences. Finally, we examined their effect on disease progression in a chronic HIV‐1 subtype C infection cohort. We identified retroviral IN amino acids affecting molecular recognition in the TCC and resulting in distinct local tDNA nucleotide biases. These residues also determine the propensity of the virus to integrate into flexible tDNA sequences. Remarkably, natural polymorphisms INS119G and INR231G retarget viral integration away from gene dense regions. Precisely these variants were associated with rapid disease progression in a chronic HIV‐1 subtype C infection cohort. Our findings reveal how polymorphisms at positions corresponding to HIV IN119 and IN231 affect both local and global integration site targeting. Intriguingly, these findings link integration site selection to virulence and viral evolution but also to the host immune response and antiretroviral therapy, since HIV‐1 IN119 is under selection by HLA alleles and integrase inhibitors. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20353 © 2015 Demeulemeester J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rik.gijsbers@med.kuleuven.be The RV144 trial had a vaccine efficacy of 31%, and IgG antibodies to HIV‐1 Envelope (Env) amino acid positions 120–204 were identified as a predictor of decreased risk of infection. The IgG responses were binding to scaffolded Env antigen comprising the variable loops 1 and 2, flanked by partial regions of the first and second conserved domains. Since HLA class II molecules are expressed on antigen‐presenting cells and modulate CD4 T‐cell stimulation of antibody production by B cells, we tested whether HLA allotypes influenced vaccine response and efficacy. HLA‐DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 were genotyped in 760 individuals. Direct associations of 31 HLA class II alleles on Env (120–204)‐specific IgG were compared using linear regression models. Interaction of HLA with IgG response to Env (120–204) was tested for an effect on acquisition by logistic regression. Higher levels of Env (120–204) IgG antibody directly correlated with the presence of DPB1*13 (p=0.002, q=0.05). Env (120–204)‐specific IgG antibody levels also associated with decreased risk of HIV‐1 infection only with the presence of DPB1*13 (OR=0.29 per 1‐SD increase, p=0.006). Both of these findings were replicated with Env antigens across multiple viral subtypes. Vaccine efficacy increased to 71% among individuals that were DPB1*13+ and had higher levels of Env (120–204)‐specific IgG levels relative to the placebos. To delineate the anti‐Env antibody responses in DPB1*13+ individuals, we screened overlapping peptides to Env (120–204). Frequency and magnitude of IgG response specifically to Env peptide positions 119–133, which are involved in Env binding to CD4, associated with both presence of DPB1*13 and protection from HIV‐1 acquisition among individuals with a DPB1*13 allele. Further evidence that immune responses induced by vaccination in individuals carrying DPB1*13 are different from those without DPB1*13 was apparent in significant viral sequence differences specifically in infected vaccine recipients with DPB1*13. DPB1*13‐associated immune responses to vaccination is associated with decreased risk of HIV‐1 acquisition. The specific differences in vaccine‐induced responses elicited by individuals with HLA‐DPB1*13 should be examined to determine the mechanism of protection of the vaccine. Understanding this HLA class II restricted mechanism will enable improved HIV vaccine design. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20541 © 2015 Prentice H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rthomas@hivresearch.org Nuclease‐mediated gene editing in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) holds great promise in the cure of HIV infection, but little information is available regarding the feasibility of this approach in large animal models. To better evaluate the function of HSCs following gene editing, we have engineered cells with disrupted CCR5 alleles and assessed engraftment following autologous transplant in the pigtailed macaque, M. nemestrina. Disrupted CCR5 alleles in this model should directly protect against infection with simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). We are evaluating the extent to which CCR5‐disrupted cell progeny engraft in macaques and testing whether these cells impede infection by SHIV. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are used to target the CCR5 locus in macaque HSCs. Engraftment and persistence of these autologous stem cells and stem cell‐derived lymphoid and myeloid cells are measured ex vivo and in vivo. Animals are challenged with SHIV virus containing an HIV envelope; to approximate the status of an HIV+ patient, three‐drug combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is initiated following viral set point. Animals reach undetectable levels of plasma viremia prior to autologous transplant with gene‐edited cells. CCR5 targeting experiments yield up to 60% gene disruption in CD34+ cells ex vivo, translating to approximately 5% steady state bulk disruption in vivo. Gene‐disrupted cells demonstrate long‐term, multilineage engraftment in macaques, including comparable levels of disruption in CD3+, CD20+, CD14+ and granulocyte subsets. We also observe biallelic disruption of CCR5 in colony forming assays. Importantly, this approach is equally feasible in SHIV‐naïve and in SHIV‐infected, cART‐suppressed animals. During robust SHIV replication, our preliminary data suggest that CCR5‐deleted cells undergo positive selection in vivo. This is the first demonstration of successful long‐term multilineage engraftment of ZFN‐edited, CCR5‐deleted HSCs in a non‐human primate (NHP) transplantation model. Our strategy results in robust levels of target gene disruption in vivo, yet does not impair HSC engraftment or differentiation. CCR5‐deleted cells can undergo positive selection following challenge with SHIV. Our model enables the evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches not only in the context of acute HIV exposure, but also in the clinically relevant setting of pre‐existing latent HIV infection. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20354 © 2015 Peterson C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: cwpeters@fhcrc.org A sterilizing cure for HIV‐1/AIDS requires a strategy that eliminates all or at least some critical regions of the HIV‐1 genome including the promoter positioned within the 5’ LTR of the viral genome from cells serving as a stable reservoir for HIV‐1, that is, resting CD4+ T‐lymphocytes, macrophages and brain microglia, with no adverse impact on the host cells. We have tailored CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing by bioinformatic screening, surveyor assay, and whole genome sequencing and have successfully developed a series of guide RNAs (gRNAs) that, in complex with Cas9 nuclease, effectively and safely eliminate integrated copies of HIV‐1 proviral DNA in several human cell culture models. We assessed the impact of our gene editing strategy on viral transcription and replication by measuring the level of a GFP reporter and viral p24, upon reactivation of virus from the latent stage by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and trichostatin A (TSA). We demonstrated inactivation of HIV‐1 gene expression and replication in latently infected T‐lymphocytes and promonocytic human cell lines as well as microglial cells upon excising the proviral DNA fragment corresponding to the entire coding sequence of HIV‐1 spanning the 5’ to 3’ LTRs from the host chromosome by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Further, we demonstrate that the presence of LTR‐specific multiplex of guide RNAs in cells expressing Cas9 acts as an efficient inhibitor blocking new HIV‐1 infection. Our findings suggest that the strategy involving the newly developed CRISPR/Cas9 serves as a promising platform that can be advanced for eradication of HIV‐1 and a cure for AIDS. Abstract TUAA0203–Figure 1. Eradication of HIV‐1 DNA in latently infected cells. A. Treatment of latently infected T‐lymphocytes with PMA and TSA activates viral gene expression and expression of GFP reporter in more than 93% of the cells. The presence of gRNAs (LTR A/B) and Cas9 dramatically prevented viral replication. B. Examination of DNA by PCR and direct sequencing verifies removal of integrated proviral DNA from chromosome 16. Abstract TUAA0203–Figure 1. Eradication of HIV‐1 DNA in latently infected cells. A. Treatment of latently infected T‐lymphocytes with PMA and TSA activates viral gene expression and expression of GFP reporter in more than 93% of the cells. The presence of gRNAs (LTR A/B) and Cas9 dramatically prevented viral replication. B. Examination of DNA by PCR and direct sequencing verifies removal of integrated proviral DNA from chromosome 16. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20355 © 2015 Kaminski R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: kkhalili@temple.edu HIV infection induces a series of phenotypic and functional changes to T cells that eventually results in a state of T‐cell exhaustion and failure to control viral replication. T‐cell‐Ig‐and‐ITIM‐domain (TIGIT) is a recently described negative checkpoint receptor expanded on CD8+ T cells during LCMV infection in mice and inhibits anti‐viral effector CD8+ T‐cell activity. We hypothesized that during progressive HIV infection, TIGIT surface expression will mark an expanded population of dysfunctional T cells, and that novel monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting TIGIT would restore anti‐HIV‐specific T‐cell responses. Surface expression of TIGIT and PD‐1 on T cells was measured by flow cytometry from 103 HIV‐infected participants (non‐controllers (n=20), elite controllers (n=20), antiretroviral (ART) suppressed (n=39), acutely infected (n=24)) and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched HIV‐uninfected controls. Quantified cell associated HIV (CA‐HIV) DNA and RNA from purified CD4+ T cells. Functional characterization of TIGIT+ T cells was performed, and ex vivo HIV‐specific cytokine and proliferative responses were assessed in the presence of mAb targeting TIGIT and/or PD‐1 pathways (anti‐TIGIT mAb and anti‐PD‐L1 mAb). In controls, a median of 28.05% of CD8+ T cells was TIGIT+ (IQR 24.43, 39.15). In comparison, we found a significant expansion of TIGIT+CD8+ T cells during chronic (median 57.1%, IQR 42.6, 63.45; p<0.0001) and a non‐significant trend in acute HIV infection (40.40%, IQR 28.3, 47.8; p=0.08). TIGIT expression remained elevated despite viral suppression and associated with CD4+ CA‐HIV DNA. TIGIT+ and TIGIT+PD‐1+ CD8+ T cells inversely correlated with CD4 count (p=0.0016, r=−0.658; p=0.0024, r=−0.385, respectively). TIGIT was expressed on >50% HIV‐specific CD8+ T cells; however, TIGIT+ T cells failed to produce cytokines in response to HIV antigens. Single blockade of TIGIT led to a significant increase of interferon gamma response to HIV Gag compared to no blockade (p=0.027). Co‐blockade of TIGIT and PD‐L1 led to greater restoration of HIV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell proliferative responses (4.10%, IQR 1.46, 22.28) than single blockade of TIGIT (3.47%, IQR 1.11, 10.08; p=0.0078) or PD‐L1 (3.945%, IQR 1.15, 17.53; p=0.039). These findings identify TIGIT as a novel marker of dysfunctional HIV‐specific T cells and suggest TIGIT along with other checkpoint receptors may be novel curative HIV targets. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20542 © 2015 Chew G et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: glenchew@hawaii.edu Unbiased shRNA library screens have been used to identify novel genes and pathways that are required to maintain HIV latency and/or play an essential role in HIV transcription. One of the most prominent and robust “hits” was the oestrogen receptor type 1 (ESR‐1). The activities of ESR‐1 agonists, antagonists and oestrogen on proviral reactivation were studied in transformed and primary cell models of latency and in patient cells. Specific antagonists of ESR‐1, such as Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant, are weak proviral activators but sensitize latently infected cells to very low doses of the proviral activators TNF‐α (NF‐κB inducer) and SAHA (HDAC inhibitor). By contrast, a selective ESR‐1 agonist propylpyrazoletriol and the broader spectrum ESR‐1 agonist diethylstilbestrol strongly suppress both TNF‐α and SAHA reactivation. In contrast to the ESR‐1 antagonists, ESR‐2 antagonists were not effective inducers of HIV expression in cell models. Co‐activator 3 (SRC‐3) is an upstream modulator of ESR‐1, which was also identified as a hit in the shRNA screen. Blocking of SRC‐3 by its inhibitor Gossypol also induces latent proviruses. Consistent with these results, specific knock‐down of ESR‐1 in Jurkat 2D10 cells with shRNA constitutively re‐activates the latent provirus. In the HAART‐treated patient samples, there was a modest increase of spliced HIV env mRNA when resting memory cells were treated with the ESR antagonists Fulvestrant or Tamoxifen alone. Proviral reactivation by ESR antagonists was synergistically increased by SAHA. By contrast, β‐estradiol at concentrations in the physiological range led to dramatic reductions in proviral reactivation efficiencies. This is consistent with earlier observations that high levels of β‐estradiol can block HIV replication. ESR‐1 is a pharmacologically attractive target that can be exploited in the design of therapeutic strategies aimed at eradication of the latent reservoir. Our results show that drugs targeting ESR‐1 can be used to either promote the re‐activation of latent proviruses (antagonists) or limit their responses (agonists). The profound effects of β‐estradiol on HIV reservoir reactivation suggest that there may be gender‐specific differences in HIV reservoirs and highlight the need to tailor latency reactivation strategies for both men and women. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20543 © 2015 Karn J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jonathan.karn@case.edu Asian HIV‐infected patients generally experience higher systemic exposure to HIV protease inhibitors (PIs). We compared the efficacy and safety of switching to lower versus standard dose of atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) in virologically suppressed second‐line patients. Patients with plasma HIV‐RNA (pVL) <50 copies/mL, ALT <200 IU/L and creatinine clearance (Crcl) ≥60 mL/min while using PI‐based regimens were randomized to ATV/r 200/100 mg (A200) vs. ATV/r 300/100 mg (A300) once daily with 2NRTIs at 14 sites in Thailand. Patients were followed every 12 weeks until week‐48. Virological failure (VF) was defined as had confirmed pVL >200 copies/mL. Patients in ATV200 with VF resumed standard dose PI‐based regimens. Treatment groups were regarded as non‐inferior if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the difference in VF was above −10% in an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis at 48 weeks. A total of 559 patients were randomized (ATV200; N=279 vs. ATV300; N=280). At baseline, 85% used lopinavir/ritonavir, mean age was 42 years, body weight was 59 kg, CD4 was 539 cells/mm3 and total bilirubin was 0.85 mg/dL. At week 48, by ITT, the proportion of patients in ATV200 vs. ATV300 with pVL <200 copies/mL (difference, 95% CI) was 97.1% vs. 96.4% (0.68, −2.29 to 3.65), the proportions with pVL <50 copies/mL were 93.4% vs. 91.7% (1.71, −2.67 to 6.09). In per‐protocol analyses, the proportions with pVL <200 copies/mL were 98.5% vs. 99.2% (−0.72, −2.6 to 1.16). Only one ATV200 recipient developed major resistance (I50 L) to ATV. Discontinuation from randomized therapy was 8 (2.9%) in ATV200 (1 death, 2 VF, 1 jaundice, 2 rash, 2 others) and 21 (7.5%) in ATV300 (2 deaths, 7 jaundice, 7 rash, 5 others) (p=0.01). At week‐48, there was no difference between treatment arms in CD4, total cholesterol, triglyceride and Crcl (all p>0.1). Comparing ATV200 vs. ATV300, the number (%) of patients with total bilirubin >3.2 mg/dL was 27 (10%) vs. 46 (17%) respectively (p=0.017). A lower dose of ATV/r‐based regimens in Thais is non‐inferior compared to standard dose ATV/r. Higher dose ATV was associated with higher rates of treatment discontinuation. ATV/r 200/100 mg can be recommended as part of routine care for Asian adults who have well‐controlled HIV infection on a PI‐based regimen. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20356 © 2015 Bunupuradah T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: torsak.b@hivnat.org Despite a favourable efficacy and safety profile, TDF‐based regimens may be associated with renal toxicity and reduced bone mineral density (BMD). TAF is a novel tenofovir prodrug in which TFV plasma levels are 90% lower than seen with TDF, thereby reducing off‐target side effects. Week 48 data in patients switching to a once‐daily fixed dose combination regimen containing elvitegravir 150 mg, cobicistat 150 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg and TAF 10 mg (E/C/F/TAF) are described. Virologically suppressed adults (HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL) with normal renal function taking one of four different TDF‐based regimens for at least 48 weeks were randomized 2:1 to receive E/C/F/TAF or to retain their prior TDF‐based regimen. Following randomization, all treatments were open‐label. Of 1196 patients completing at least 48 weeks of treatment, 799 received E/C/F/TAF and 397 received their prior TDF regimen: E/C/F/TDF, 31.9%; EFV/FTC/TDF, 26.1%; ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF, 26.8%; ATV/COBI + FTC/TDF, 15.0%. Virologic success <50 copies/mL occurred in 95.6% on E/C/F/TAF and 92.9% on FTC/TDF + 3rd Agent (weighted difference: 2.7%; 95% CI: −0.3% to +5.6%), with virologic failure in 1.1% and 1.3% of patients, respectively. General safety was similar between the arms. The mean percent change (SD) in hip BMD: +1.95% (3.0) for E/C/F/TAF and −0.14% (3.0) for FTC/TDF+3rd Agent (p<0.001); the mean percent change (SD) in spine BMD: +1.86% (3.1) for E/C/F/TAF and −0.11% (3.7) for FTC/TDF+3rd Agent (p<0.001). There were no cases of Fanconi Syndrome on E/C/F/TAF and one case on FTC/TDF+3rd Agent. For patients on either a COBI or RTV boosted regimen prior to randomization, the estimated GFR increased 1.8 mL/min for E/C/F/TAF and decreased 3.7 mL/min for FTC/TDF+3rd Agent (p<0.001). As shown in the table, multiple measures of quantitative proteinuria, including tubular proteinuria, had statistically significant improvements for patients switching to E/C/F/TAF as compared with those retaining their prior TDF‐based regimen. These 48 week data demonstrate that patients who switch from a TDF‐based regimen to E/C/F/TAF maintain high efficacy, have statistically significant increases in BMD and have statistically significant improvements in multiple tests of renal function, as compared with patients remaining on their prior TDF‐based regimen. Abstract TUAB0102–Table 1. Changes in proteinuria and tubular proteinuria Median % change baseline to Week 48 E/C/F/TAF FTC/TDF+3rd agent Significance Urine protein: creatinine (UPCR) −18.5% +9.4% p<0.001 Urine albumin: creatinine (UACR) −18.4% +5.3% p<0.001 Retinol binding protein: creatinine (RBP: CR) −32.9% +15.7% p<0.001 Beta‐2‐microglobulin: creatinine (B2MG: CR) −49.2% +14.4% p<0.001 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20357 © 2015 Mills T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tmills@tonymillsmd.com Tenofovir (TFV) is renally eliminated, and the prodrug, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), has been associated with renal toxicity and reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a novel prodrug of tenofovir (TFV) that results in 90% lower plasma TFV levels as compared to TDF. The safety and efficacy of a once‐daily single tablet regimen of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and TAF (E/C/F/TAF) was assessed in HIV‐1 infected patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. Virologically suppressed adults with stable renal impairment (eGFRCG 30–69 mL/min) had their treatment switched from both TDF‐ and non‐TDF‐containing regimens to open‐label E/C/F/TAF. Week 48 safety data by pre‐switch TDF use are presented. Of 242 subjects switched to E/C/F/TAF (mean age 58 years (range: 24–82), 18% Black, 39% HTN and 14% DM) 158 subjects (65%) were taking TDF‐containing regimens prior to switch. At Week 48, the median (Q1, Q3) change from baseline for eGFRC‐G was +0.2 (−5.8, 6.3) mL/min (p=0.81) and for eGFR‐cystatin C was +2.7 (−6.2, 14.1) mL/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.003). The following measures of renal tubular function improved significantly (p<0.001 for all) for subjects switching from TDF‐containing regimens to E/C/F/TAF: quantified proteinuria (UPCR, median (Q1, Q3) % change; −55 (−70, −28)), albuminuria (UACR, median (Q1, Q3) % change; −61 (−81, −27)), retinol binding protein (RBP:Cr, median (Q1, Q3) % change; −82 (−95, −55)) and beta‐2‐microglobulin (β‐2‐Mg:Cr, median (Q1, Q3) % change; −89 (−97, −61)). The prevalence of clinically significant proteinuria (UPCR >200 mg/g) and albuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g) decreased from 48 to 13% and from 56 to 22%, respectively. Significant increases in mean% change in hip (+1.29%) and spine (+2.60%) BMD were observed at 48 weeks (p<0.001 for both). Subjects taking non‐TDF based regimens pre‐switch (n=84) had no significant changes from baseline measures of renal function or BMD. Subjects with mild and moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30 to 69 mL/min) who switched from TDF‐containing regimens to once daily single‐tablet E/C/F/TAF experienced improvements in multiple assessments of renal and bone safety through 48 weeks. These data support the safety of E/C/F/TAF in patients with impaired renal function. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20358 © 2015 Gupta S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sgupta1@iu.edu Doravirine (DOR), an investigational NNRTI with a novel resistance profile, was compared with efavirenz (EFV) in a double‐blind, randomized, 2‐part study in ART‐naïve HIV‐infected patients who also received tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC). In Part 1 (dose selection), DOR at 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg QD showed rates of virologic suppression similar to EFV 600 mg QD; DOR 100 mg was selected for ongoing evaluation. Part 2 enrolled additional patients to receive DOR 100 mg or EFV. Using data from Parts 1+2 combined, DOR 100 mg showed significantly fewer CNS AEs than EFV at week 8. Week 24 efficacy and safety results were analyzed for all patients who received DOR 100 mg or EFV in Part 1 (n=42 per group) and Part 2 (n=66 per group) combined. Patients were stratified at randomization by screening RNA ≤ or >100,000 copies/mL. Primary endpoints were the proportion of patients with HIV RNA <40 c/mL (efficacy) and the proportion of patients with pre‐specified CNS events (safety). Of the 108 patients randomized and treated per group, mean baseline RNA was 4.6 log10 c/mL in both the DOR and EFV groups, and mean CD4 counts were 432 and 448 cells/mm3, respectively. Discontinuations in the DOR and EFV groups, respectively, were 4.6 and 12.0%. The most common drug‐related clinical AEs in the DOR and EFV groups, respectively, were nausea (7.4%; 5.6%), dizziness (6.5%; 25.0%), abnormal dreams (5.6%; 14.8%), nightmares (4.6%; 8.3%) and sleep disorder (3.7%; 6.5%). Drug‐related AEs leading to discontinuation were hallucination for DOR (n=1) and dysesthesia, hallucination, drug eruption, dizziness and disturbance in attention for EFV (n=5). The most common CNS AEs (all causality) were dizziness (DOR 9.3%; EFV 27.8%), insomnia (7.4%; 2.8%), abnormal dreams (6.5%; 17.6%) and nightmares (6.5%; 8.3%). Lab abnormalities of Grade 2 or greater were uncommon in both groups. DOR 100 mg qd demonstrated antiretroviral activity and immunological effect similar to EFV (each with TDF/FTC) and was generally safe and well tolerated during 24 weeks of treatment in ART‐naïve, HIV‐1 infected patients. Treatment‐emergent CNS AEs through week 24 were significantly less common in the DOR group than in the EFV group. Abstract TUAB0104–Table 1. Week 24 Efficacy, including subgroup responses by screening RNA ≤ or >100,000 c/mL Endpoint DOR† (N=108) EFV† (N=108) Difference [DOR‐EFV] (95% CI) HIV RNA<40c/mL†† 72.2% 73.1% −1.2 (−13.0, 10.5) screening RNA ≤100K§ (n=66, 63) 83.3% 85.7% −2.4 (−15.3, 10.6) screening RNA >100K§ (n=38, 38) 60.5% 65.8% −5.3 (−26.4, 16.4) HIV RNA<200c/mL†† 88.9% 87.0% 1.9 (−7.0, 11.0) screening RNA≤100K§ (n=66, 63) 92.4% 92.1% 0.4 (−9.8, 10.8) screening RNA >100K§ (n=38, 38) 92.1% 94.7% −2.6 (16.5, 10.7) Mean change in CD4 count§ 154/mm3 146/mm3 8 (−37, 52) †with TDF/FTC. ††Non‐completer=Failure (NC=F) approach to missing data. §Observed Failure (OF) approach to missing data. Abstract TUAB0104–Table 2. Week 24 Clinical Adverse Event (AE) Summary & Primary Safety Analysis (CNS AEs) Proportion of patients with: DOR† (N=108) EFV† (N=108) Difference [DOR‐EFV] (95% CI) One or more AEs 75.9% 84.3% −83 (−19.1, 2.4) Drug‐related AEs 27.8% 55.6% −27.8 (−39.9, 14.8) Serious AE 0.9% 4.6% −3.7 (−9.6, 0.9) Serious drug‐related AEs 0% 0.9% −0.9 (−5.1, 2.5) Discontinued due to AEs 0.9% 5.6% −4.6 (−10.8, 0.1) One or more CNS AEs 26.9% 46.3% −19.4 (−31.7, 6.6)* †with TDF/FTC. *Pre‐specified safety hypothesis, p<0.001. with TDF/FTC. Non‐completer=Failure (NC=F) approach to missing data. Observed Failure (OF) approach to missing data. with TDF/FTC. Pre‐specified safety hypothesis, p<0.001. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20359 © 2015 Gatell J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: gatell@fundsoriano.es Raltegravir (RAL), though currently category C in pregnancy and not recommended for use in newborns, has been used in exceptional cases for prevention of mother‐to‐child‐transmission (PMTCT). We report on the outcomes of 14 infants exposed in utero to RAL and the first newborn to be treated with RAL for six weeks for PMTCT. Infants born to mothers treated with RAL during pregnancy from the Centre Maternel et Infantile sur le Sida (CMIS) mother‐child cohort between 2010 and 2014 were included in the study. RAL levels were tested on the first available stored plasma sample after birth, and in the treated newborn, therapeutic drug monitoring was done at weekly intervals. In RAL‐exposed infants, RAL was given to mothers at standard dosing of 400 mg BID, started at a mean GA of 30 weeks (range pre‐conception‐37.5 weeks). Indications for RAL included drug resistance and/or detectable viral load in the third trimester. Mean GA was 38.5 weeks (±1.76), and mean birthweight was 3200 g (±540). There were no clinical adverse events noted among RAL‐exposed infants (mean follow‐up time 119 weeks, range 48–144), and all were confirmed HIV negative. RAL levels tested in two exposed newborns at 16 and 30 hours of life were detectable at 0.9345 mg/L and 0.0381 mg/L, respectively, and undetectable in six other infants tested at days 4–14. RAL granules for suspension (Merck, special access) were obtained for prophylaxis of a term newborn (39 weeks GA) from a mother with multidrug‐resistant virus and started at 1.5 mg/kg BID, along with zidovudine and lamivudine at standard doses. RAL levels were consistently above the targeted trough for treatment (0.02 mg/L) (Table 1) for the duration of therapy. RAL was well tolerated and at follow‐up, the infant was confirmed HIV negative. RAL in late pregnancy had no adverse effects on infants exposed in utero. RAL treatment in the newborn at doses of 1.3–1.6 mg/kg BID was well tolerated and resulted in therapeutic drug levels. Given detectable levels of RAL in the first 30 hours of life in exposed infants, the timing and role of RAL in PMTCT should further be considered. Abstract TUAB0105–Table 1. Raltegravir levels in a treated newborn Day of life Weight (kg) Dose mg/kg/dose Trough (hours) Trough level Peak (hours) Peak level Adjusted 6 3.115 5 mg BID 1.61 11.67 0.36 1.97 0.87 No 9 3.220 5 mg BID 1.55 11.25 0.75 1.25 0.15 No 20 3.565 5 mg BID 1.40 12 0.07 1.17 0.33 No 27 3.835 5 mg BID 1.30 11 0.06 1.15 0.02 Increased to 6 mg BID 40 4.275 6 mg BID 1.40 N/A N/A N/A N/A Stopped 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20360 © 2015 Trahan M‐J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: fatima.kakkar@umontreal.ca BMS‐955176 is a second‐generation HIV‐1 maturation inhibitor that targets the HIV‐1 Gag polyprotein, inhibiting the last protease cleavage event between capsid protein p24 and spacer peptide 1, resulting in the release of immature, non‐infectious virions. Ten days of BMS‐955176 monotherapy resulted in maximum median declines in HIV‐1 RNA that plateaued at ~1.64 log10 c/mL at doses between 40 mg and 120 mg once daily (QD). Two drug combination studies in vitro demonstrated that BMS‐955176+atazanavir (ATV) had an additive effect. Due to the proximity of their sites of inhibition in the virus life cycle and the potential for synergy, we assessed the antiviral activity and safety of BMS‐955176 with ATV±ritonavir (RTV) for 28 days in HIV‐1‐infected subjects. In addition, this combination is being further evaluated to potentially serve as part of a booster‐sparing and nucleot(s)ide‐sparing strategy. AI468002 (NCT01803074) was a Phase 2a, randomized, multipart trial. In Part B, 28 HIV‐1 subtype B‐infected subjects (HIV‐1 RNA≥5000 c/mL, CD4+ T‐cell counts≥200 cells/µL) were randomized 2:2:2:1 to four treatment groups (all QD): BMS‐955176 40 mg+ATV 400 mg; BMS‐955176 40 mg+ATV 300 mg+RTV 100 mg; BMS‐955176 80 mg+ATV 400 mg; and a standard‐of‐care (SOC) control of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg+emtricitabine 200 mg (fixed‐dose combination)+ATV 300 mg+RTV 100 mg. Median change in HIV‐1 RNA at Day 29 was −1.66, −1.99, −2.18 and −2.22 log10 c/mL, and maximum median change in HIV‐1 RNA from baseline to end of study/discharge (Day 42) was −1.86, −2.20, −2.23 and −2.39 log10 c/mL, for BMS‐955176 40 mg+ATV 400 mg, BMS‐955176 40 mg+ATV 300 mg+RTV 100 mg, BMS‐955176 80 mg+ATV 400 mg, and the SOC control, respectively (Table 1 and Figure 1). There were no deaths, serious adverse events (SAEs), or AEs leading to discontinuation. Furthermore, the median bilirubin level was below the upper limit of normal for subjects receiving unboosted ATV with BMS‐955176, in contrast to the level observed for subjects receiving BMS‐955176 40 mg+ATV+RTV or SOC. In this study, BMS‐955176 80 mg+ATV and 40 mg+ATV+RTV had similar maximum median declines in HIV‐1 RNA compared with the SOC control. BMS‐955176 with ATV±RTV was generally well tolerated. A Phase 2b study investigating BMS‐955176 in a booster‐sparing and nucleot(s)ide‐sparing regimen in treatment‐experienced patients will begin in Q2 2015. Abstract TUAB0106LB–Table 1. Changes in HIV‐1 RNA from baseline BMS‐955176 (40 mg QD)+ATV (400 mg QD) BMS‐955176 (40 mg QD)+ATV (300 mg QD)+RTV (100 mg QD) BMS‐955176 (80 mg QD)+ATV (400 mg QD) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg QD)+emtricitabine (200 mg QD) (fixed‐dose combination)+ATV (300 mg QD)+RTV (100 mg QD) N 8 8 8 4 Maximum decline in HIV‐1 RNA (log10 c/mL); median (min, max) −1.86 (−1.49, −2.37) −2.20 (−1.24, −3.52) −2.23 (−1.87, −2.68) −2.39 (−1.83, −3.04) Median decline in HIV‐1 RNA (log10 c/mL) on Day 29 (min, max) −1.66 (−1.19, −2.04) −1.99 (−1.04, −3.32) −2.18 (−1.53, −2.68) −2.22 (−1.83, −2.84) Abstract TUAB0106LB–Figure 1. Median change in HIV‐1 RNA (log10 c/mL) over time. Abstract TUAB0106LB–Figure 1. Median change in HIV‐1 RNA (log10 c/mL) over time. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20544 © 2015 Hwang C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: carey.hwang@bms.com Both protease inhibitors (PI) and non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) have been associated with acute hepatotoxicity, but their long‐term effect on liver fibrosis remains uncertain. We explored rates of change in liver fibrosis as measured by the aspartate‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) among HIV‐hepatitis C (HCV) co‐infected users of modern PI‐ or NNRTI‐based regimens. Data from a Canadian prospective multicentre cohort were analyzed for 397 HCV PCR+ persons who initiated antiretroviral therapy in or after 2000, with regimens at cohort entry comprised of a backbone of either Tenofovir/Emtricitabine or Abacavir/Lamivudine with a PI or NNRTI as the anchor agent. The natural logarithm of the APRI score was the outcome of interest. Three multivariate linear regression analyses with generalized estimating equations were performed. Analysis 1 (intention‐to‐treat) used baseline exposure to PI or NNRTI; analysis 2 (per protocol) was restricted to persons with a viral load under 1000 copies/mL and censored participants when the class of anchor agent was changed; analysis 3 (as treated) allowed for changes in the class of anchor agent during follow‐up. At cohort entry, 74% of participants were male, the median age was 44 years and 56% had used alcohol in the past six months. Therapy was started a median of 1.9 years before cohort entry (IQR: 0.3, 5.0), 70% used a PI and 69% were on a backbone of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine. PI use was associated with a median increase in APRI per 5 years of 16% (95% CI: 3%, 30%) in Analysis 1, 16% (95% CI: 0%, 32%) in Analysis 2 and 13% (95% CI: −1%, 27%) in Analysis 3. NNRTI use was not significantly associated with change in APRI in any of the three analyses, as shown in the Table. PI use seems to be associated with a faster progression of liver fibrosis, as measured by the median change in APRI score over five years. The consistency of estimates across the three analyses suggests that this is not the result of the type of patients using PI‐based regimens, although we could not account for all patient characteristics influencing the choice of an anchor agent. Abstract TUAB0201–Table 1. Multiplicative median change in APRI per 5 years Analysis APRI score at cohort entry, median (IQR) PI users (APRI units/5 years), Exp(β) (95% CI)a NNRTI users (APRI unit/5 years), Exp(β) (95% CI)a 1. Intention‐to‐treat 0.63 (0.39–1.30) 1.16 (1.03, 1.30) 1.05 (0.90, 1.20) 2. Per protocol 0.60 (0.39–1.22) 1.16 (1.00, 1.32) 1.07 (0.89, 1.24) 3. As treated 0.63 (0.39–1.30) 1.13 (0.99, 1.27) 1.09 (0.93, 1.25) aAdjusted for baseline age, sex and time since HCV infection and updated alcohol use, CD4 cell count, viral load or virologic failure and number or type of previous regimens. Adjusted for baseline age, sex and time since HCV infection and updated alcohol use, CD4 cell count, viral load or virologic failure and number or type of previous regimens. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20361 © 2015 Brunet L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: laurence.brunet@mail.mcgill.ca Historically HIV co‐infection was considered a negative predictor of HCV response to treatment with interferon/ribavirin (IFN/RBV). For sofosbuvir‐based regimens, HIV/HCV patients have achieved similar sustained virologic response (SVR) rates as HCV mono‐infected patients. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the IFN‐free, RBV‐free, single tablet regimen of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) in HCV genotype 1 or 4 patients co‐infected with HIV‐1 in the Phase 3 ION‐4 study. HCV treatment naïve and experienced HIV co‐infected patients on stable, approved antiretroviral (ARV) regimens were enrolled and received LDV/SOF (90 mg/400 mg) once daily for 12 weeks. Patients with compensated cirrhosis were eligible. Permitted concomitant ARVs included tenofovir and emtricitabine (TDF+FTC) with raltegravir (RAL), efavirenz (EFV) or rilpivirine (RPV). Safety evaluations included adverse event (AE) and standard laboratory parameter monitoring in addition to enhanced renal toxicity monitoring, CD4 count and HIV‐1 RNA levels. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. A total of 335 patients with GT1a (75%), GT1b (23%) and GT4 (2%) were enrolled; 82% were male, 61% were white, mean age was 52 (range 26–72), mean baseline HCV RNA was 6.7 log10 IU/mL (range 4.1–7.8), median baseline CD4 count was 662 cells/µL (Q1, Q3=469, 823), 20% had cirrhosis, 24% were IL28B CC genotype and 55% had not responded to prior HCV treatment. Patients were taking EFV (48%) or RAL (44%) or RPV (9%). The table shows SVR12 by ARV regimen. Overall, the SVR12 rate was 96% (320/335); two patients had on‐treatment virologic failure likely due to non‐compliance and 10 had virologic relapse after discontinuing treatment. SVR12 was similar among non‐cirrhotic (96%) and cirrhotic (94%) patients and also among treatment naïve (94%) and treatment experienced (97%) patients. No patient had confirmed HIV virologic rebound (HIV‐1 RNA≥400 copies/mL). No patients discontinued study drug due to an AE. AEs occurring in ≥10% of patients were headache (25%), fatigue (21%) and diarrhoea (11%). No significant lab abnormalities were observed. The IFN‐free, RBV‐free, single tablet regimen of LDV/SOF administered once daily for 12 weeks is highly effective and well tolerated in treatment‐naïve and experienced, genotype 1 or 4 HCV‐infected patients with HIV‐1 co‐infection, including those with cirrhosis. Abstract TUAB0202–Table 1. SVR12 by HIV regimen and overall Virologic response TDF+FTC+EFV (N=160) TDF+FTC+RAL (N=146) TDF+FTC+RPV (N=29) Overall (N=335) SVR12, n (%) 151 (94) 141 (97) 28 (97) 320 (96) On‐Treatment Failure, n (%) 1 (<1) 0 1 (3) 2 (<1) Relapse, n (%) 8 (5) 2 (1) 0 10 (3) Other, n (%) 0 3 (2) 0 3 (<1) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20362 © 2015 Naggie S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 The 3 direct‐acting antiviral (3D) regimen of ombitasvir (OBV), paritaprevir (identified by AbbVie and Enanta; co‐dosed with ritonavir; PTV/r) and dasabuvir (DSV) with ribavirin (RBV) is approved to treat HCV genotype 1 infection in patients with HIV‐1 co‐infection. In the TURQUOISE‐I trial, response rates were 94 and 91% in this population when treated for 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. We report the week 12 post‐treatment sustained virologic response rates (SVR12) by baseline characteristics. Patients were randomized to receive OBV/PTV/r + DSV + RBV for 12 (N=31) or 24 weeks (N=32). Eligible patients in this open‐label study were treatment‐naïve or pegIFN/RBV‐experienced with or without cirrhosis, had CD4+ count ≥200 cells/mm3 or CD4+% ≥14%, and plasma HIV‐1 RNA suppressed while receiving a stable atazanavir‐ or raltegravir‐inclusive antiretroviral (ART) regimen. Sixty‐three patients were enrolled, of whom 92% were male, 24% black race, 19% with compensated cirrhosis and 16% with a prior null response to pegIFN/RBV treatment. Two patients in the 12‐week treatment group (1 withdrawn consent, 1 HCV relapse), and three in the 24‐week treatment group (1 on‐treatment virologic breakthrough, 2 post‐treatment HCV re‐infections) did not achieve SVR12. The patients with on‐treatment breakthrough and relapse were both genotype 1a‐infected with prior null response to pegIFN/RBV and had F4 fibrosis (cirrhosis). High SVR12 rates were achieved in patients with historically difficult‐to‐cure characteristics including those with IL28B non‐CC genotype, high viral load, prior treatment failure and advanced liver disease (Table 1). Lower baseline CD4+ T‐cell counts did not negatively affect SVR12 rates. The regimen was well tolerated with no discontinuation due to adverse event or serious adverse event. In HCV genotype 1 patients co‐infected with HIV‐1, OBV/PTV/r + DSV + RBV achieved high rates of SVR12 regardless of baseline host, viral and disease characteristics whether treated with 12 or 24 weeks of therapy. Abstract TUAB0203–Table 1. SVR12 rates by baseline characteristic, n/N (%) Characteristic 12‐week OBV/PTV/r + DSV + RBV 24‐week OBV/PTV/r + DSV + RBV Overall 29/31 (94) 29/32 (91) Black race
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 7/7 (100)
7/8 (88) 7/8 (88)
7/8 (88) Age, ≥55 years 7/8 (88) 12/12 (100) BMI ≥30 3/3 (100) 7/7 (100) IL28B genotype
CT
TT
16/16 (100)
8/10 (80)
19/20 (95)
4/5 (80) Prior pegIFN/RBV treatment experience
Naïve
Relapser
Partial response
Null response
19/20 (95)
1/1 (100)
5/5 (100)
4/5 (80)
20/22 (91)
3/3 (100)
2/2 (100)
4/5 (80) Baseline HCV RNA
≥800,000 IU/mL
Baseline CD4+ T‐cell
cells/mm3
<350
350 – <500 25/27 (93)
2/2 (100)
8/8 (100) 26/28 (93)
5/5 (100)
7/8 (88) Baseline CD4+ T‐cells/mm3
<350
350 – <500
Baseline fibrosis stage
F2
F3
F4
2/2 (100)
8/8 (100)
5/5 (100)
3/4 (75)
5/6 (83)
5/5 (100)
7/8 (88)
5/5 (100)
1/1 (100)
5/6 (83) SVR12, sustained virologic response at post‐treatment week 12; OBV, ombitasvir; PTV, paritaprevir; r, ritonavir; DSV, dasabuvir; RBV, ribavirin. SVR12, sustained virologic response at post‐treatment week 12; OBV, ombitasvir; PTV, paritaprevir; r, ritonavir; DSV, dasabuvir; RBV, ribavirin. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20363 © 2015 Wyles D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: dwyles@ucsd.edu There are few data about the clinical outcome of hepatitis C (HCV)/HIV co‐infected patients with liver cirrhosis after therapy, considering the possibility of fibrosis regression (FR). We compared the incidence rate (IR), and the time to develop a liver complication and death, in 139 cirrhotic patients according to sustained virological response (SVR) or/and FR, as established by a confirmed 1‐point decrease in Metavir score by transient elastography (TE). Overall, 42 patients reached SVR, and 23 of them (55%) had FR, in comparison with only 14 of the 91 (15%) without SVR. During a median follow up of 6.8 years (916.8 person‐years), the IR of death, liver‐related death, liver‐related complications and hospital admissions were significantly lower in patients with SVR/FR (Table). SVR patients without FR had a worse IR of death (5.36) and liver‐related death (2.68) than non‐SVR patients with FR (1.3 and 0.65, respectively; p<0.01). In Cox multivariate analysis, only FR was associated with a lower risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, HR, 0.36; 95% CI 0.15–0.86), and liver‐related death (HR 0.15; 95% CI 0.03–0.65), whereas both FR (HR 0.09; 95% CI 0.03–0.3, p<0.01) and SVR (HR 0.24; 95% CI 0.07–0.87) decreased the risk of liver‐related complications. FR is frequent after anti‐HCV therapy in HIV/HCV co‐infected patients with compensated cirrhosis who achieve SVR, and it is associated with the highest reduction of death of any cause, liver‐related mortality, liver‐related complications and hospital admissions. Abstract TUAB0204–Table 1 SVR (42) No SVR (91) FR (23, 55%) No FR (19, 45%) p FR (14, 15%) No FR (77, 85%) p TE (Kpa) 7.1 (6.3–8.8) 17.5 (13.8–26.3) <0.01 11.6 (6.3–11.2) 21.3 (17.2–45.4) <0.01 Death (n, %) IR 4 (17%) 2.45 6 (32%) 5.36 0.01 2 (14%) 1.3 37 (48%) 7.6 <0.01 Liver‐related death (n, %), IR 1 (4%) 0.61 3 (16%) 2.68 0.01 1 (7%) 3.65 29 (38%) 5.9 <0.01 Liver‐related complications (n, %) IR 1 (4%) 1.22 2 (11%) 1.78 0.2 0.15 5 (36%) 3.25 33 (43%) 6.81 0.01<0.01 Hospital admissions (n, %) IR 2 (9%) 1.22 3 (16%) 2.68 0.7 0.13 4 (29%) 2.6 27 (30%) 5.6 0.2 0.04 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20364 © 2015 Casado J L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: smoreno.hrc@salud.madrid.org Worldwide, approximately seven million people are co‐infected with HIV‐Hepatitis C (HCV). The most common risk factor for co‐infection is injection drug use. HCV treatments have evolved at an unprecedented speed; Simpeprevir (SIM) and Sofosburvir (SOF) are among the latest DAAs approved for use. However clinical trials conducted with these agents have enrolled a small number of individuals, in ideal circumstances with strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. This provokes the question: how generalizable are their results? We examined the study population characteristics (based on published inclusion/exclusion criteria) from the only two efficacy trials evaluating SIM (NCT01479868) and SOF (NCT01667731: PHOTON‐1) for HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients and compared them to participants in the Canadian Co‐Infection Cohort (CCC), a prospective cohort following 1383 co‐infected people from across Canada (representing ~23% co‐infected population in care). Due to eligibility criteria, 30% (49/160) of screened subjects from 32 international study locations and 29% (96/330) of screened subjects from 27 American sites were excluded from the SIM and SOF trials, respectively. Of 1383 CCC participants, 1054 (76%) had evidence of chronic HCV (RNA+) at last visit; 699 (66%) infected with HCV genotype 1 and 887 (84%) infected with genotype 1, 2 or 3 and therefore could have been eligible for these trials. After applying all the available trial inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 8.6% of genotype 1 (60/699) and similarly 8.6% (76/887) overall would have been eligible to participate. Active drug use within 12 months accounted for 46% of reasons for non‐eligibility, restriction to specific antiretroviral therapies and liver fibrosis staging were also highly exclusive as described in Table 1. Limited population level data makes it difficult to examine external validity of clinical trials. However using data from the CCC, we have illustrated that results obtained from clinical trials are not generalizable to the HIV‐HCV patients in Canada and caution should be used when translating trial results in the real world. Abstract TUAB0205–Table 1. Inclusion/exclusion criteria Exclusion criteria (exclusive) No (%) among genotype 1 (n=699) No (%) among genotypes 1, 2 and 3 (n=887) Specific cART regimensa 380 (54) 484 (55) Active drug abuse within 12 months (excluding marijuana use) 320 (46) 402 (45) HIV VL>50 copies/mL 175 (25) 225 (25) HbA1c>10% (used HOMA IR>2 as surrogate) 171 (24) 217 (24) APRIb of <1 or ≥2 129 (18) 171 (19) CD4 T‐cell count <200 cells/mm3 106 (15) 136 (15) Decompensated liver disease 23 (3) 27 (3) aSOF trial: emtricitabine/tenofovir plus atazanavir/ritonavir; or darunavir/ritonavir; efavirenz; raltegravir; rilpivirine. SIM trial: excluded all boosted PIs and allowed only raltegravir, sustiva and ripilvirine; baspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) <1 defined as non‐cirrhotic or ≥2 defined as cirrhotic based on SOF trial. SOF trial: emtricitabine/tenofovir plus atazanavir/ritonavir; or darunavir/ritonavir; efavirenz; raltegravir; rilpivirine. SIM trial: excluded all boosted PIs and allowed only raltegravir, sustiva and ripilvirine; aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) <1 defined as non‐cirrhotic or ≥2 defined as cirrhotic based on SOF trial. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20365 © 2015 Saeed S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sahar.saeed@mail.mcgill.ca The fixed‐dose combination of grazoprevir (GZR, MK‐5172, 100 mg, an NS3/4 protease inhibitor)/elbasvir (EBR, MK‐8742, 50 mg, an NS5A inhibitor), an interferon‐free, ribavirin‐free, once‐daily tablet has shown robust efficacy and safety in diverse populations. C‐EDGE co‐infection is an on‐going phase‐III study evaluating GZR/EBR among treatment‐naïve, HIV/HCV co‐infected patients with GT1, 4, or 6. Enrolled patients were on a stable antiretroviral (ARV) regimen (tenofovir or abacavir, and lamivudine or emtricitabine; and either raltegravir, dolutegravir or rilpivirine) with a CD4 >200 cells/mm3 and an HIV RNA <20 copies/mL, or were HIV treatment‐naive with CD4 >500 cells/mm3 and VL <50,000 copies/mL. All patients received open‐label GZR/EBR for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response at follow‐up week 12 (SVR12). Adherence was assessed using electronic study medication diaries and pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment. All patients underwent testing for HCV resistance associated variants (RAVs) at baseline, and at failure and follow‐up in those with virologic failure. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to distinguish relapse from reinfection. A total of 218 patients were enrolled; 211 had suppressed HIV viraemia; 7 were ARV‐naïve. In the Full Analysis Set population, SVR12 was achieved by 207/218 (95%) patients, including 35/35 (100%) patients with cirrhosis (Table 1). Of the 11 non‐SVR12 patients, 4 failed for reasons other than virologic failure and 7 patients met criteria for virologic failure. Phylogenetic analysis of the seven failures demonstrated five were relapses and two were reinfections (Table 1). Thus, 5/218 (2.3%) patients failed to clear HCV infection that was present pre‐therapy. Of the five virologic relapses, two had baseline NS5A RAVs with >5× resistance to EBR in vitro (L31M, Y93S). Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 157/218 (72%) patients; serious AEs occurred in 2/218 (0.9%) patients. Adherence was >90% in the total population, including virologic failures. There was no difference in PK parameters in patients who achieved SVR12 versus patients who did not achieve SVR12. A 12‐week regimen of GZR/EBR FDC was highly effective among HIV/HCV co‐infected patients with GT1, 4 or 6 infection, with a favourable safety profile. SVR was high across all patient subgroups including African‐Americans and those with cirrhosis. Abstract TUAB0206LB–Table 1. SVR12 by genotype All patients GT1a GT1b GT4 (N=218a) (N=144) (N=44) (N=28) SVR12b n/N 207/218 136/144 42/44 27/28 % 95.0% 94.4% 95.5% 96.4% 95% CI 91.2, 97.5 89.3, 97.6 84.5, 99.4 81.7. 99.9 LTFU or unrelated to VFc 4 3 1 0 Relapsed 5 4 0 1 Reinfection 2 1 1 0 aFAS (Full Analysis Set): all patients who received at least one dose of GZR/EBR. bHCV RNA assessed via COBAS TaqMan v2.0 [lower limit of quantitation <15 IU/mL]. N=Number of subjects included in the analysis. n (%)=Number of subjects who achieved SVR12 and the percentage calculated as (n/N)*100. cTwo subjects were lost to follow‐up; one patient was discontinued for taking a prohibited concomitant medication, and one subject's FW12 visit was outside the analysis window. dAt baseline in the NSSA gene, one of the relapses had L31M/L RAV and one of the relapses had the Y93S RAV. The other three relapses had the WT NSSA gene at baseline. FAS (Full Analysis Set): all patients who received at least one dose of GZR/EBR. HCV RNA assessed via COBAS TaqMan v2.0 [lower limit of quantitation <15 IU/mL]. N=Number of subjects included in the analysis. n (%)=Number of subjects who achieved SVR12 and the percentage calculated as (n/N)*100. Two subjects were lost to follow‐up; one patient was discontinued for taking a prohibited concomitant medication, and one subject's FW12 visit was outside the analysis window. At baseline in the NSSA gene, one of the relapses had L31M/L RAV and one of the relapses had the Y93S RAV. The other three relapses had the WT NSSA gene at baseline. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20545 © 2015 Rockstroh J K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: juergen.rockstroh@ukb.uni‐bonn.de All‐oral regimen with daclatasvir (DCV; NS5A replication complex inhibitor)+sofosbuvir (SOF; NS5B polymerase inhibitor)±weight‐based ribavirin (RBV) has demonstrated high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HCV mono‐infected patients. This analysis reports SVR4 and SVR12 results from an ongoing multicentre compassionate use programme (ATU) in France. HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients with advanced liver disease from 221 centres have been included since March 2014. All patients received DCV+SOF QD for 12 or 24 weeks, with RBV added at the physician's discretion. Baseline characteristics, virological response rates and adverse events were collected through a standardized form. We report interim SVR rates at 4 and 12 weeks after the end of treatment for patients who have completed treatment to date. Of 562 patients enrolled, 73.8% were males, median age was 52.3 years (30–74), 395 (71.0%) were cirrhotic and 460 (82.6%) were treatment‐experienced. Child Pugh was A=85.4%, B=12.9%, C=1.7%. Genotype distribution was as follows: 387 GT1 (69.7%), 2 GT2 (0.4%), 72 GT3 (13.0%), 93 GT4 (16.8%) and 1 GT6 (0.1%), 7 missing data. Median HCV‐RNA was 6.10 logUI/mL (1.08–7.97). Combined antiretroviral therapy included: NRTI in 88%, PI in 36.4%, NNRTI in 23% and INI in 63.7% of the patients. Baseline median CD4 count was 551/mm3 (0–1922). HIV‐RNA was undetectable in 505 patients (98.4%). RBV was added to DCV+SOF in 67 patients (12.0%). Treatment duration was 24 weeks in 478 (85.1%) and 12 weeks in 84 (14.9%) patients. Overall, SVR4 was obtained in 90.2% (148/164) and SVR12 in 95.9% (94/98) of the cases Among patients treated with DCV+SOF for 12 or 24 weeks, 96.0% (24/25) and 95.1% (58/61) achieved an SVR12, respectively, compared to 100% (6/6) and 100% (6/6) for patients receiving DCV+SOF+RBV. Neither duration of treatment nor cirrhosis status and genotype influenced the rate of SVR12 (Table 1). Treatment discontinuations occurred in 17 patients (3%) and were related to an adverse event (n=5), death (n=4, not related to treatment), patient decision (n=3), contraindication (n=3), unknown reason (n=1) and patient lost to follow‐up (n=1). DCV+SOF±RBV regimen was well tolerated and demonstrated high SVR12 rate in HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients with advanced liver disease. Abstract TUAB0207LB–Table 1. Efficacy of DCV+SOF±RBV regimens in HIV/HCV co‐infection Treatment duration Genotype status 12 weeks 24 weeks GT1 (all) GT1 cirrhotic GT3 (all) GT3 cirrhotic GT4 (all) GT4 cirrhotic SVR4, N=164 41/49 (83.7%) 107/115 (93.0%) 104/116 (89.7%) 80/87 (92.0%) 13/15 (86.7%) 12/13 (92.3%) 26/28 (92.9%) 16/17 (94.1%) SVR12, N=98 30/31 (96.8%) 64/67 (95.5%) 66/68 (97.1%) 52/53 (98.1%) 11/11 (100%) 11/11 (100%) 14/15 (93.3%) 10/11 (90.9%) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20546 © 2015 Lacombe K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: dominique.salmon@aphp.fr Young women in southern Africa have high rates of sexually transmitted infections, including herpes simplex virus type‐2 (HSV‐2) and HIV. We investigated whether conditional cash incentives (CCIs) reduced the incidence of HSV‐2 and HIV in rural high school students in South Africa. An open‐label, matched‐pair, cluster randomized controlled trial (CAPRISA 007) was undertaken in 3217 consenting male (n=1517) and female (n=1700) grade 9 and 10 students. A locally developed HIV prevention programme, My Life! My Future!, was actively implemented in all 14 schools. Seven schools (n=1592 students) were randomly assigned to receive; in addition, cash incentives (maximum of $175 over two years) for fulfilling any combination of four conditions; annual HIV testing, performance in school tests, participation in My Life! My Future!, and a written report on their community involvement project. HSV‐2 and HIV serology was undertaken at baseline, 12 months and 24 months. In the intent‐to‐treat analysis, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and p‐values were adjusted for the matched‐pair cluster design. HSV‐2 prevalence at baseline was 9.0% in CCI schools and 7.3% in control schools. During follow‐up, there were 319 new HSV‐2 infections, with an incidence rate of 6.2 per 100 person‐years in CCI schools compared to 8.7 per 100 person‐years in control schools (IRR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.86; p=0.007). HSV‐2 incidence was 7.1 per 100 person‐years in the 760 students who received <$65, 6.3 per 100 person‐years in the 304 students who received $65–$95, and 4.2 per 100 person‐years in the 265 students who received >$95 (Trend test, p=0.12). The lower‐than‐anticipated overall HIV incidence rate of 1.6 per 100 person‐years was similar in both groups of schools (IRR=1.26, 95% CI: 0.66–2.39; p=0.419). A fourfold larger study would be required for 80% power to observe a 30% HIV incidence reduction. CCI schools had 30% lower HSV‐2 incidence. Students who received larger cash incentives had lower HSV‐2 incidence rates. The impact of CCI on HIV could not be adequately assessed as incidence was lower than expected, likely due to HIV lowering effects of both study‐initiated and background community HIV interventions. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20547 © 2015 Karim Q A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: quarraisha.abdoolkarim@caprisa.org Low uptake of male circumcision has been a major challenge to scaling‐up and maximizing the HIV prevention impact of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services in eastern and southern Africa. There is limited evidence on effective demand creation strategies for VMMC that address reported barriers to male circumcision. Building on insights from behavioural economics, we assessed whether providing compensation for opportunity costs of time or lottery‐based rewards can increase VMMC uptake among men in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Uncircumcised men aged 21–39 years were provided information on VMMC services and randomized in 1:1:1 ratio to two intervention groups or a control group. One intervention group was offered compensation of US$12.50 conditional on VMMC uptake. Compensation was provided in the form of food vouchers valid at shops in the study region. A second intervention group was offered the opportunity to participate in a lottery with high‐value prizes upon undergoing circumcision. The primary outcome was VMMC uptake within three months. Among 903 participants enrolled, those randomized to receive compensation of US$12.50 had the highest VMMC uptake (8.4%, 26/308), followed by those receiving lottery‐based rewards (3.3%, 10/302) and those in the control group (1.3%, 4/299). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the control group, the US$12.50 group had significantly higher VMMC uptake (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.1; 95% CI 2.4–20.8). Participants in the lottery‐based rewards group were not significantly more likely to become circumcised than participants in the control group (AOR 2.5; 95% CI 0.8–8.1). The effect of providing compensation of US$12.50 was largest among participants who were contemplating circumcision at the time of enrolment. Providing conditional economic compensation was effective in increasing circumcision uptake among men in a short time period. The results are consistent with studies showing that small incentives can modify health behaviours by addressing barriers such as opportunity costs of time and present‐biased decision‐making. Contrary to findings from studies in high‐income countries, lottery‐based rewards did not significantly increase circumcision uptake. Testing economic interventions in other settings and applying them to different HIV behaviours can be useful for assessing the generalizability of the findings. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20366 © 2015 Thirumurthy H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: hthirumu@email.unc.edu Homelessness has been identified as an important structural barrier to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) utilization among HIV‐infected people who use drugs (PWUD). However, the potential effect of reducing homelessness on viral suppression rates at the community level is unknown. We used an imputation‐based marginal modelling approach to estimate change in the prevalence of viral suppression among HIV‐infected PWUD, if homelessness were eliminated from the population. We used data from a cohort study of community‐recruited PWUD in Vancouver, Canada. Of note, HIV/AIDS treatment and care is provided free of charge in this setting. Persons were eligible to participate if they were HIV‐infected and used an illicit drug in the month prior to enrolment. We assessed self‐reported baseline housing status in the past six months. Viral suppression was defined as HIV RNA viral load <50 copies per mm3 at first study visit. We estimated the effect of homelessness on viral suppression using modified‐Poisson regression, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, trauma history, depression, addiction treatment and other confounders. Then, a marginal modelling approach was applied. First, we imputed the outcome probability for each individual while manipulating the exposure (homelessness) to never exposed, and then averaged these probabilities across the population. Bootstrapping was conducted to calculate 95% confidence limits. Of 718 eligible individuals enrolled between January 2005 and December 2013, the majority was male (66%), white race/ethnicity (55%) and had a history of injection drug use (94%). At baseline, 230 (32%) reported homelessness. The prevalence of viral suppression was 35% (95% CI: 31–38%). Adjusted marginal models estimated a 14% relative increase (95% CI: 10–24%) in viral suppression prevalence in the entire sample – to 40% (95% CI: 36–45%) – if all homeless individuals were housed. Among those homeless at baseline, adjusted marginal models estimated that eliminating this exposure would increase viral suppression from 19% (95% CI: 14–24%) to 37% (95% CI: 33–42%). Reducing homelessness among HIV‐infected PWUD could have significant population‐level benefits on outcomes in the HIV care continuum. Low threshold shelter and housing support programs should be considered as key components in comprehensive strategies to increase population‐level viral suppression for PWUD. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20367 © 2015 Marshall B D L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: brandon_marshall@brown.edu Behavioural economic theory suggests that understanding motivations and future preferences of people living with HIV infection (PLHIV) can inform the development of interventions supporting adherence to treatment and care. For example, PLHIV with high levels of intrinsic motivation to adhere to ART may require less external motivation, such as cash incentives. In addition, PLHIV who disproportionally value the present and heavily discount the future may be less likely to adhere to ART, a behaviour with future benefits and present costs. We measured these constructs among antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiates at four HIV care and treatment clinics in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. We analyzed data collected from in‐person interviews between December 2013 and December 2014 with food‐insecure, HIV‐infected adults who initiated ART in the past 90 days. Temporal discount rate, the rate at which individuals discount future costs and benefits, was measured using a bidding process to assess the acceptable percent increase of a hypothetical monetary offer they would receive in three months compared to a smaller amount received today. Future health expectations were assessed for one year from now, and intrinsic motivation for ART adherence was measured as the mean score (range: 0–3) on a Likert‐scale using questions in the Treatment Self‐Regulation Questionnaire. Overall, 511 food‐insecure recent ART initiates were interviewed (mean age: 37, 64% female). Nearly all (99%) expected their health to be somewhat (55%) or much better (44%) one year from now. Excluding those who initiated treatment on the same day of the interview, mean internal motivation was 2.75 (standard deviation 0.36; n=423). Temporal discount rates (n=489) fell into four ranges: <50% (8%), 50–100% (37%), 101–200% (54%) and >200% (2%). These data indicate high levels of both intrinsic motivation for ART adherence and optimism towards future health among food‐insecure ART initiates in Tanzania, suggesting that interventions designed to strengthen and sustain intrinsic motivation may be appropriate. The high discount rates indicate a greater focus on the present; thus, interventions aiming to overcome the short‐term cost barriers to adherence and care (e.g. time, transport and competing needs) in order to achieve future gains may be highly effective among this population. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20368 © 2015 Czaicki N et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: nczaicki@berkeley.edu The South African disability grant (DG) has been theorized to incentivize poor recovery by tying grant receipt to AIDS sickness. Prior to 2008, many official guidelines defined qualifying AIDS disability as a CD4 count below 200 mmHg, and this recommendation persists unofficially. We make two predictions: 1) The population distribution of CD4 counts will have an observable discontinuity with excess mass just below the CD4 qualification threshold of 200 mmHg, and 2) individuals receiving the grant will recover more slowly around this threshold than those who do not, due to threat of grant loss. The analysis utilizes a two‐stage panel regression methodology to absorb individual trends and identify differential recovery rates around the CD4 threshold of 200 mmHg. The dataset for this analysis utilizes the Africa Centre Demographic Information System (ACDIS), an open cohort health and demographic monitoring programme consisting mainly of annual surveys, individually matched with an HIV‐focused clinical informatics system in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Data are restricted to HIV+ individuals from 2004 to 2011, who have at least four observed CD4 counts, with at least one observed CD4 count above and below 200 mmHg. The cohort for this analysis consists of 11,160 observations from 1450 individuals. The distribution of CD4 counts shows clear excess mass just below a CD4 count of 200 mmHg, with more pronounced for CD4 counts occurring in 2008 or earlier. Among observations around the threshold, the rate of recovery of those receiving DGs is 0.23 mmHg/year lower (p=0.020) than that of those not receiving DGs, controlling for individual recovery trends, age, education, time, household assets and employment. Stratifying on gender, the effect is seen much stronger among women with a differential recovery rate of 58 mmHg/year (p=0.018). The effect is significantly larger for observations in 2008 or earlier. This study finds that the South African DG system resulted in a modest but significant manipulation of CD4 counts in order to qualify for the grant. While policy changes have likely reduced the severity of the effect, policy makers should ensure that incentives from grants are aligned with health incentives to reduce poor outcomes, infectivity and drug resistance. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20369 © 2015 Haber N et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: nhaber@mail.harvard.edu Young women in South Africa face a particularly high risk of HIV infection. Structural factors such as schooling, socio‐economic status (SES) and financial dependence on partners contribute to this risk. Cash transfers have shown promise in reducing HIV risk in young women by addressing these factors. HPTN 068 is the first randomized trial to examine the impact of conditional cash transfers on HIV incidence among young women. HPTN 068 is a phase III individually randomized trial to assess the impact of a conditional cash transfer on the acquisition of HIV among South Africa young women. Young women and their parent/guardian in the intervention arm received a monthly cash transfer conditional on 80% school attendance, which was verified using school attendance rosters. The intervention ran from April 2011 to March 2015. Participants enrolled in the study were aged 13–20, in high school, not married or pregnant and resident in the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS) site in rural Mpumalanga Province. Participants were seen at baseline, then annually for up to three follow‐up visits, where HIV and HSV‐2 testing was conducted and an interview was completed using Audio Computer‐Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI). The interview assessed sexual behaviour including partner‐specific details, schooling, mental health, SES and gender power dynamics. Participants were tested for HIV infection using two HIV rapid tests with Western blot confirmation. Stored samples from all participants at all visits were also tested at the HPTN Laboratory Center using assays that included an HIV antigen/antibody test and a qualitative HIV RNA test. To compare treatment arms, time to first HIV detection was analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model. We will present the impact of the conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence, unprotected sex, pregnancy, age difference with partners, number of sex partners, transactional sex, age of sexual debut and school attendance. Cash transfers are increasingly being included as part of the package of prevention services that should be offered to young women to reduce HIV risk in sub‐Saharan Africa. The evidence from this RCT will have important implications for HIV prevention policy and practice. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20548 © 2015 Pettifor A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: apettif@email.unc.edu Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral FTC/TDF prevents HIV infection and is safe, but concern has been raised that PrEP could cause hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated flares when discontinued by people with HBV infection, particularly among individuals with cirrhosis. The safety and feasibility of providing HIV PrEP in the setting of HBV infection was evaluated in the iPrEx study. The iPrEx study randomized 2499 HIV‐negative men and transgender women who have sex with men to once‐daily oral FTC/TDF versus placebo. Hepatitis serologies and transaminases were obtained at screening and at PrEP discontinuation. Participants with a reactive hepatitis B surface antigen were enrolled if there was no clinical evidence of cirrhosis and transaminases were <2.5‐fold the ULN. HBV DNA was assessed by PCR and drug resistance was assessed by population sequencing (Abbott labs) at least once for individuals with evidence of HBV DNA. Vaccination was offered to individuals susceptible to HBV. Among 2499 enrolled participants, 12 (0.5%; including six randomized to FTC/TDF) had chronic HBV infection. After stopping study drug, five of six in the active arm had LFTs performed at follow‐up. LFTs remained within normal limits at post‐stop visits except for a Grade 1 elevation in one participant at post‐stop week 12 (ALT=90, AST=61). There was no evidence of flares. PCR of stored samples showed that four had evidence of acute HBV infection at enrolment (two in the active arm). Both had evidence of grade 4 transaminase elevations by week 4 with subsequent resolution. Overall, there was no evidence of TDF or FTC resistance among tested genotypes. Of 1633 eligible for vaccination, 1587 (97.2%) received at least one vaccine and 1383 (84.7%) received the complete series. Anti‐HBs detection was 44.4% after one, 74.5% after two and 86.9% after three doses. PrEP can be safely offered to persons with HBV infection if there is no evidence of cirrhosis or substantial transaminase elevation. As information is limited and treatment for HBV is complex, referral to a specialist is appropriate when available. HBV vaccination rates at screening were low globally, yet uptake and efficacy were high when offered. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20370 © 2015 Solomon M M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: robert.grant@ucsf.edu Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). Little is known about adherence, sexual behaviour and HIV/STI incidence among those who elect to take PrEP in real‐world settings. The Demo Project is the first US multi‐site open‐label study assessing PrEP delivery in municipal STD (San Francisco, Miami) and community‐health (Washington, DC) clinics. HIV‐uninfected MSM/TGW were offered 48 weeks of PrEP. Tenofovir‐diphosphate levels were measured in dried blood spots (DBS) in a random sample of participants (pts). Correlates of adherence were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Sexual behaviours, PrEP discontinuations and HIV/STI incidence are described. From 9/2012 to 1/2014, 557 pts enrolled, with 83% retained for the final visit (468.8 person‐years (py)). Longitudinal drug levels, sexual behaviour and STI incidence are shown (Figure). Among 147 pts with DBS testing, 65% had drug levels consistent with taking ≥4 doses/week at all visits, 3% always had DBS levels <2 doses/week, and 32% had an inconsistent pattern. Black pts, being self‐referred to the PrEP programme and having a greater number of condomless anal sex (AS) partners were independently associated with DBS ≥4 doses/week (all p<0.05). Median AS partners in the past three months declined from baseline to week 48 (5 to 4, p<0.0008). Two‐thirds reported condomless receptive AS (CRAS) at baseline, which remained stable during follow‐up (p=0.96). Twenty pts chose to stop PrEP due to low self‐perceived HIV risk, however 65% of these pts reported CRAS in the prior three to six months. Three participants were acutely infected at enrolment, and one seroconverted during follow‐up (HIV incidence 0.21/100 py). This subject had DBS <2 doses/week at all prior visits. Overall, 27.5% had early syphilis, GC or CT at screening, and 38% had ≥1 STI during follow‐up; STI incidence was high (47.9, 42.8 and 12.6/100 py for CT, GC and syphilis) but did not increase over time (p=0.87). PrEP adherence was high and HIV incidence was low in this cohort at ongoing high sexual risk for HIV. STIs were common during PrEP use, highlighting the importance of screening and treatment. Strategies for counselling on appropriate PrEP discontinuation are warranted. Abstract TUAC0202–Figure 1. Adherence, Risk Behavior and STI incidence Over Time in the Demo Project. Abstract TUAC0202–Figure 1. Adherence, Risk Behavior and STI incidence Over Time in the Demo Project. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20371 © 2015 Liu A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: albert.liu@sfdph.org The TDF2 Study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of daily oral co‐formulated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg)/emtricitabine (200 mg) (TDF/FTC) for pre‐exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection (PrEP) among young heterosexual adults in Gaborone and Francistown, Botswana. TDF2 completed follow‐up in 2011, demonstrating 62% overall protective efficacy. We describe final results of a 12‐month open‐label extension (OLE). Between February and May 2013, former TDF2 participants were screened and offered 30‐day supplies of TDF/FTC for up to 12 months. OLE exclusion criteria included HIV infection, pregnancy/breastfeeding and abnormal serum creatinine clearance or phosphorus. Demographic and sexual behaviour data were collected at baseline. Dual rapid fingerstick HIV testing, sexual behaviour questionnaires and self‐reported adherence measures were conducted monthly. Dried blood spots (DBS) were collected monthly. Tenofovir levels were measured from DBS for a subset of 30 randomly selected participants at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12. Of 1219 TDF2 participants, 736 were contacted, and 229 (Male: 55.5%) were eligible and started drug. 71.2% were single, and 23.9% were married/cohabitating. 60.3% of participants completed at least 10 monthly visits. Across all visits, 71.2% reported one sex partner in the prior 30 days; 8.7% reported two partners, and 2.4% reported ≥3 partners. For the prior three days, 87.8% reported taking TDF/FTC daily, while 5.5% reported taking it 1–2 times and 6.7% reported taking none. Overall, 58.3% reported “very good” adherence in the prior 30 days, and 32.3% reported “good” adherence. Of the 30 participants (Male: 77%) selected for DBS testing, the overall proportion with detectable mean tenofovir levels (>25 ng/mL) was 94%. At months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12, the proportion with detectable mean tenofovir levels were 93, 93, 100, 93 and 90%, respectively. After starting drug, no HIV infections were observed during the study. In this open‐label study of TDF/FTC for oral PrEP, we observed high self‐reported three‐day medication adherence, high percentage of detectable DBS tenofovir levels and no HIV infections. These findings lend support to efforts to expand availability of PrEP in the context of generalized epidemics in resource‐limited settings. Further work is needed to define longer‐term adherence for such populations. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20372 © 2015 Henderson F et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: inh3@cdc.gov Young men who have sex with men (YMSM), particularly racial/ethnic minority YMSM, are a key population for implementation of domestic pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions. This open‐label PrEP study examined uptake and adherence to PrEP and assessed sexual risk behaviour among a diverse sample of YMSM in 12 U.S. cities. ATN110 combined PrEP with evidence‐based behavioural risk reduction interventions along with frequent sexual health and adherence promotion counselling. Eligible participants were 18‐ to 22‐year‐old HIV‐uninfected MSM who reported HIV transmission risk behaviour in the past six months. Participants were recruited and screened for preliminary eligibility through venue‐based outreach, community presentations and online advertising. Laboratory screening determined final eligibility. Study visits occurred at baseline, monthly through week 12, then quarterly through week 48. Dried blood spots were serially collected for the quantification of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV‐DP) blood levels. Between March and September 2013, 2186 individuals were approached, 277 (13%) were preliminarily eligible and 200 were enrolled (mean age=20.2; 54.5% Black, 26.5% Latino). Eleven (4%) had undiagnosed HIV infection at screening and two acute HIV infections were diagnosed at baseline. Diagnosis of STIs at baseline was high (22%) and remained high across visits. Most participants (98%) chose to take PrEP. Figure 1 shows TFV‐DP levels. At week 4, 56% of participants had TFV‐DP levels consistent with ≥4 pills/week. By week 48, 34% of participants had TFV‐DP levels consistent with ≥4 pills/week, with a noticeable drop‐off occurring at Week 24. Four HIV seroconversions occurred on study (3.29/100 person‐years); all had TFV‐DP BLQ at diagnosis. Condomless sex was reported by >80% of participants throughout the study and condomless anal sex with last partner was associated with higher TFV‐DP levels. ATN110 enrolled a diverse sample of YMSM vulnerable to HIV. PrEP uptake was high with the majority achieving protective drug levels during initial monthly visits. As visits decreased in frequency, so did adherence, while reported sexual risk behaviour remained constant. Given the frequency of STI diagnoses, HIV infections may have been higher without PrEP. YMSM in the U.S. may need access to PrEP in youth‐friendly settings with tailored adherence support and potentially augmented visit schedules. Abstract TUAC0204LB–Figure 1. Tenofovir diphosphate levels (fmol/punch) and PrEP dosing estimates as measured by dried blood spot assay. Abstract TUAC0204LB–Figure 1. Tenofovir diphosphate levels (fmol/punch) and PrEP dosing estimates as measured by dried blood spot assay. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20549 © 2015 Hosek S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: shosek@cookcountyhhs.org In Brazil, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are the populations most heavily affected by the AIDS epidemic. Although the WHO recommends pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for these populations, the feasibility and interest in this prevention strategy in real‐world settings in low‐ and middle‐income countries are unknown. This study aims to describe PrEP uptake and associated factors in Brazil. PrEP Brasil is a demonstration project to assess the feasibility of implementing PrEP provided at no cost to high risk MSM and TGW within the Brazilian public health system. The project was advertised through social and other media. Participants were assessed for PrEP eligibility at FIOCRUZ‐RJ, CRT‐SP and USP‐SP. At USP, 100% participants were self‐referred, while at FIOCRUZ and CRT, they were either self‐referred or assessed for participation during HIV‐testing or post‐exposure prophylaxis provision. Predictors of PrEP uptake were assessed using a Poisson regression model. Of 986 MSM/TGW approached between April/2014 and April/2015, 798 were potentially eligible and 409 were enrolled. PrEP uptake was 51.25%. Median age at enrolment was 29 years (IQR 25–35); 93.5% had≥12 years of education; 83.9%, 8.8% and 5.9% identified themselves as homosexual, bisexual or TGW, respectively (Table); syphilis prevalence, rectal Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea detection were 21.3%, 8.2% and 4.7%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with PrEP uptake were: recruitment at CRT‐SP (aRR 1.27; 95% CI 0.99–1.62) or USP‐SP (aRR 1.72; 95% CI 1.33–2.24) versus FIOCRUZ; having a steady partner (aRR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78); having an HIV‐test within the last 12 months (aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.74); prior PrEP awareness (aRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.0–1.59) and having≥2 male condomless anal sex partners within the last 12 months (aRR 1.65, 95% CI 1.32–2.05). This is the first PrEP demonstration project for MSM and TGW in a middle‐income country. Overall, PrEP uptake was high. The higher uptake among those at higher risk and with an existing awareness of PrEP emphasizes the importance of establishing strategies to improve HIV risk perception and PrEP awareness in the MSM and TGW communities in Brazil. Abstract TUAC0205LB–Table 1. Study population characteristics and PrEP uptake Approached (1) N (%) Potentially Eligible (2) N (%) Included (3) N (%) Declined (4) N (%) Percent of PrEP uptake* p‐value** Overall 986 798 409 365 51.25 Site location (5) <0.001 FIOCRUZ 622 (63.08) 455 (57.02) 175 (42.79) 282 (77.26) 38.46 CRT‐SP 225 (22.82) 216 (27.07) 135 (33.01) 57 (15.62) 62.5 USP‐SP 139 (14.1) 127 (15.91) 99 (24.21) 26 (7.12) 77.95 Age years 0.26 18–25 335 (33.98) 266 (33.33) 127 (31.05) 128 (35.07) 47.74 26–35 435 (44.12) 358 (44.86) 189 (46.21) 165 (45.21) 52.79 36–45 160 (16.23) 124 (15.54) 62 (15.16) 57 (15.62) 50 >45 56 (5.68) 50 (6.27) 31 (7.58) 15 (4.11) 62 Sexual Identity 0.04 Homosexual 823 (83.55) 658 (82.56) 343 (83.86) 293 (80.49) 52.13 Bisexual 99 (10.05) 87 (10.92) 36 (8.8) 47 (12.91) 41.38 Tranagender woman 44 (4.47) 36 (4.52) 24 (5.87) 14 (3.85) 66.67 Other 19 (1.93) 16 (2.01) 6 (1.47) 10 (2.75) 37.5 Color/Race 0.05 White 455 (46.15) 399 (50) 219 (53.55) 161 (44.11) 54.89 Non‐white 531 (53.85) 399 (50) 190 (46.45) 204 (55.89) 47.62 Schoolong years 0.06 <12 89 (9.03) 66 (8.27) 26 (6.36) 42 (11.51) 39.39 >12 897 (90.97) 732 (91.73) 383 (93.64) 323 (88.49) 52.32 Steady partner <0.001 Yes 472 (47.87) 385 (48.25) 223 (54.52) 149 (40.82) 57.92 No 514 (52.13) 413 (51.75) 186 (45.48) 216 (59.18) 45.04 Perceived likelihood of getting HIV in the next year <0.001 0–25% 569 (57.71) 437 (54.76) 189 (46.21) 237 (64.93) 43.25 50–100% 417 (42.29) 361 (45.24) 220 (53.79) 128 (35.07) 60.94 Previous HIV test (last 12 months) <0.001 Yes 657 (66.63) 575 (72.06) 334 (81.66) 219 (60) 58.09 No 329 (33.37) 223 (27.94) 75 (18.34) 146 (40) 33.63 Prior PrEP awareness <0.001 Yes 594 (60.43) 498 (62.64) 296 (72.55) 183 (50.41) 59.44 No 389 (39.57) 297 (37.36) 112 (27.45) 180 (49.59) 37.71 # Male condomless anal sex partners (last 12 months) <0.001 <2 512 (51.93) 370 (46.37) 143 (34.96) 222 (60.82) 38.65 2 or more 474 (48.07) 428 (53.63) 266 (65.04) 143 (39.18) 62.15 Anal sex with HIV‐positive partners (12 months) <0.001 Yes 346 (35.09) 324 (40.6) 208 (50.86) 104 (28.49) 64.2 No 211 (21.4) 87 (10.9) 41 (10.02) 44 (12.05) 47.13 I do not know 429 (43.51) 387 (48.5) 160 (39.12) 217 (59.45) 41.34 STD diagnosis (12 months) 0.01 Yes 138 (14) 128 (16.04) 79 (19.32) 39 (10.68) 61.72 No 848 (86) 670 (83.96) 330 (80.68) 326 (89.32) 49.25 (1)All individuals approached for pre‐screening who were age 18 or older, male at birth, lived in the State, self‐reported HIV negative status and reported having at least one male sexual partner in last 12 months. (2)Includes all individuals approached at pre‐screening (1) who: a) reported 2 or more male condomless anal sex partners OR anal sex with HIV positive partner OR STD diagnosis in last 12 months; and b) had a negative HIV test results. (3)Individuals who enrolled the study. (4)Decline represents the sum of refusals in all steps. Indivuduals who agreed to participate but did not show up at the screen or enrollment visit were considered as declining. (5)FIOCRUZ‐RJ: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, located in Rio de Janelro; CRT‐SP: Centro de Referencla e Treinamento em DST e AIDS, located in São Paulo; USP‐SP: Universidade de São Paulo. *% uptake‐ # Included/# Potentially elligible at pre‐screening. **chi‐square for bivariate analyses. All individuals approached for pre‐screening who were age 18 or older, male at birth, lived in the State, self‐reported HIV negative status and reported having at least one male sexual partner in last 12 months. Includes all individuals approached at pre‐screening (1) who: a) reported 2 or more male condomless anal sex partners OR anal sex with HIV positive partner OR STD diagnosis in last 12 months; and b) had a negative HIV test results. Individuals who enrolled the study. Decline represents the sum of refusals in all steps. Indivuduals who agreed to participate but did not show up at the screen or enrollment visit were considered as declining. FIOCRUZ‐RJ: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, located in Rio de Janelro; CRT‐SP: Centro de Referencla e Treinamento em DST e AIDS, located in São Paulo; USP‐SP: Universidade de São Paulo. % uptake‐ # Included/# Potentially elligible at pre‐screening. chi‐square for bivariate analyses. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20550 © 2015 Hoagland B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: beatriz.grinsztejn@gmail.com Tenofovir (TFV) gel, when used consistently as a vaginal microbicide, prevents HIV infection. As unprotected anal intercourse is prevalent amongst heterosexual women, data on TFV concentrations and anti‐HIV activity in the rectal compartment following vaginal application, and vice versa, are needed. MTN‐014 is a phase 1 cross‐over, randomized trial comparing the pharmacokinetics of TFV reduced‐glycerin (RG) 1% gel following 14 days each of daily rectal versus vaginal directly observed dosing (DOD), with a six‐week washout period in between each phase. Vaginal and rectal tissue and fluid and blood samples were collected 24 hours after the end of each phase and analyzed for TFV and TFV‐diphosphate (TFV‐DP) concentrations. Vaginal and rectal fluids were tested for HIV inhibition using a TZM‐bl assay. Fourteen HIV‐uninfected women, mean age 34 years, were enrolled at the Bronx Prevention Center in New York City and 13 completed all study procedures. Of the 392 expected doses, 91% were DOD, two (0.5%) were missed and the remaining doses were reported as used. Mean plasma TFV concentrations were similar after 14 days of either dosing route (Table). Rectal concentrations of TFV and TFV‐DP were detectable after vaginal dosing in only 1 of 13 and 2 of 13 tissue samples, respectively, while vaginal concentrations of TFV and TFV‐DP were detectable after rectal dosing in 6 of 14 and 3 of 14 samples, respectively. Rectal and vaginal dosing phases each resulted in markedly lower levels of tissue TFV and TFV‐DP concentrations in the opposite compartment, with at least 1.7 log 10 differences between mean concentrations in the two compartments. After vaginal dosing, inhibition of HIV increased by 42% in vaginal fluid, but no change was found in rectal fluid. No change in HIV inhibition in vaginal or rectal fluid was noted after rectal dosing. Cross‐compartmental concentrations of TFV and TFV‐DP were low in this study comparing rectal and vaginal DOD TFV RG 1% gel, and pharmacodynamics activity was noted only in the vaginal fluid compartment. Whether these low tissue concentrations are protective remains to be determined. Abstract TUAC0206LB–Table 1. Compartmental pharmacokinetics of tenofovir gel Vaginal use phase Rectal use phase Compartment Mean (standard deviation) number of samples with detectable drug Median, IOR Mean (standard deviation) number of samples with detectable drug Median, IQR Plasma TFV (ng/mL) 0.99 (1.27) 10/14 (71%) 0.58 (0, 1.31) 1.19 (1.74) 10/14 (71%) 0.82 (0, 1.22) Vaginal tissue TVF (ng/mg) 45.8 (72.6) 12/13 (92%) 8.5 (1.0, 44.8) 0.09 (0.12) 6/14 (43%) 0 (0, 0.16) TFV‐DP (fmol/mg) 1945 (4105) 12/13 (92%) 166 (37, 2377) 13 (30) 3/14 (21%) 0 (0, 0) Rectal tissue TFV (ng/mL) 0.02 (0.06) 1/13 (8%) 0 (0, 0) 12.2 (27.1) 12/14 (86%) 3.0 (0.7, 10.9) TFV‐DP (fmol/mg) 10.48 (25.81) 2/13 (15%) 0 (0,0) 710 (1306) 10/14 (71%) 196 (0, 550) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20551 © 2015 Nair G et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jj2158@columbia.edu Recent upsurge of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) is a major concern in China. Paucity of national‐level information regarding the burden and predictors of this progressive epidemic of new infections called for a multi‐centric, comprehensive investigation. Mixed methods were used to recruit MSM (engaged in sex with men (oral and/or anal) within the last one year, aged 18 years or older and agreed to provide written informed consent) from seven cities (Shanghai, Nanjing, Changsha, Zhengzhou, Ji'nan, Shenyang and Kunming) in different regions of China between 2012 and 2013. Early and established HIV infections were determined by Western Blot and BED HIV‐1 capture enzyme immunoassay. Syphilis and herpes simplex virus‐2 (HSV‐2) were also tested. The study process and content were approved (No. 2011(36)) by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. A total of 4496 eligible MSM were recruited. The majority was aged ≤35 years (77.5%), migrants (60.3%), never married (69.8%) and played receptive role in anal sex (70.5%). The HIV prevalence was 9·9% and 41·9% were recently infected, with HIV incidence of 8·9/100 person‐years. The prevalence of HSV‐2 and syphilis were 12·5 and 8·5%, respectively. Early HIV infection was associated with having multiple male partners (aOR=1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.9), recreational drug use (aOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.6–3.0), anal bleeding (aOR=2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.0), circumcision experience (aOR=2.0, 95% CI.1·3–3.1), syphilis infection (aOR=2·8, 95% CI 1.9–4.3) and HSV‐2 infection (aOR=2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.3). HIV epidemic among Chinese MSM was worsening with an alarming number of recently infected HIV patients along with high burden of STIs. High rate of early HIV infection is potentially resulting in progressive deterioration of the overall HIV epidemic among MSM in China. Interventions specifically targeting high‐risk MSM especially those having high‐risk behaviours (especially multiple partners and recreational drug use), syphilis or HSV‐2 infection and anal bleeding were urgently required for efficient control of HIV among MSM in China. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20373 © 2015 Xu J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: xjjbeijing@gmail.com Current Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) recommendations state that men who have sex with men (MSM) should repeat HIV testing every 6–12 months. We investigated the proportion and trend of repeat HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) within 12 months among Thai MSM attending Silom Community Clinic @TropMed. Silom Community Clinic @Trop Med has been located in downtown Bangkok since late 2005, with easy access and convenient operating hours for MSM. It provides free‐of‐charge, confidential and rapid HIV VCT by MSM‐friendly staff. We advertize the clinic via website, Facebook, outreach and friend referrals. For first‐time testers, we recommend that they repeat VCT every 6–12 months. For this analysis, we included men with an initial HIV test who had visited the clinic for ≥12 months and had a baseline HIV‐negative result; the first VCT visit occurred between 2006 and 2013 with follow‐up period through October 2014. On a yearly basis, we looked at the number and proportion of first‐time testers who had another VCT visit within the next 12 months. We used chi‐square test for trend to test changes in the proportion of repeat testing within 12 months by calendar year. Between 2006 and 2013, 9345 MSM were tested by our testing services and 4597 met the criteria above and were included in this analysis. Most (67.1%) were 25 years and older and most (87.9%) lived in Bangkok or nearby provinces at time of first test. Among these MSM, 2016 (43.9%) repeated VCT. The number of new testers increased annually from 340 men in 2006 to 880 in 2013. The proportion of MSM who repeated VCT within one year varied between 15.3 and 26.1% by calendar year (mean=22.2%) and there was a statistically significant increasing trend from 2006 to 2013 (p<0.01) (Figure 1). Between 2006 and 2013, the number of new testers doubled, and the proportion of men who repeated VCT significantly increased. Given that roughly one‐fifth of MSM repeated VCT within 12 months, counselling to emphasize repeating VCT according to Thailand MOPH recommendations should be strengthened and systematic strategies to retain testers should be implemented. Abstract TUAC0302–Figure 1. Proportion of HIV repeat testers. Abstract TUAC0302–Figure 1. Proportion of HIV repeat testers. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20374 © 2015 Wimonsate W et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tkh3@cdc.gov In the United States, HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM), who account for >60% of new cases. Although recent data suggest HIV incidence is declining nationally, rates in MSM are stable, and the proportion of cases occurring in black MSM is increasing. Because sexual mixing is largely age‐assortative, using life tables to estimate risk within birth cohorts may be useful in assessing and anticipating trends in the population's risk. We constructed life tables for the period 1982–2012 to estimate the cumulative risk of HIV diagnosis among MSM born 1940–1994 in King County. We used U.S. Census data to define the size of the white and black male populations of King County, Washington, national and local survey data to estimate the proportion of men who are MSM, and local surveillance data to define the number of HIV diagnoses in MSM each year. We estimated that 6% of the local male population was MSM. Age‐specific risk of HIV diagnosis increased in birth cohorts from the 1940s until the mid‐1960s and thereafter declined, plateauing among cohorts born after the mid‐1970s (Figure 1). This trend occurred in both white and black MSM. In the peak risk cohort, among MSM born 1960–64, >40% of white and >60% of black MSM had been diagnosed with HIV by age 50. A dramatic decline in this risk was evident when comparing the percentage of MSM diagnosed with HIV in different birth cohorts. Among white and black MSM born 1960–1964, the cumulative risk of HIV diagnosis by age 35 was 29 and 42%, respectively, while among MSM born 1975–1979, this risk decreased to 9 and 15%, respectively. However, as absolute risk of HIV diagnosis decreased overall in younger cohorts, relative differences between white and black MSM appeared to increase. Throughout the period and across birth cohorts, cumulative HIV risk was 18 to 84% higher among black versus white MSM. Comparing birth cohorts, cumulative HIV risk among MSM in King County has declined approximately 65% in those born after the mid‐1960s, although racial disparities persist. Our findings highlight the importance of evaluating HIV risk within birth cohorts and demonstrate remarkable local progress in HIV prevention. Abstract TUAC0303–Figure 1. Cumulative risk of acquiring HIV among MSM. Abstract TUAC0303–Figure 1. Cumulative risk of acquiring HIV among MSM. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20375 © 2015 Chan G et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 In many settings, laws or institutional review board policies require parental permission for youth <18 years to participate in research. Individual and social risk factors for HIV acquisition often occur before age 18. Youth may be unwilling to participate in HIV epidemiological research requiring parental consent due to the sensitive nature of risk factors such as sexual behaviours and experiences of violence. Young men who have sex with men (MSM) are at especially high risk for HIV acquisition and are often unwilling or unable to disclose their sexual orientation or practices to their parents. In sub‐Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence among MSM is high and sex between men is criminalized or highly stigmatized in many countries, epidemiologic research on this vulnerable population of young MSM is particularly relevant and sparse. One strategy for assessing the potential size of the population of young (<18) MSM is to ask adult MSM retrospective questions about the age at which they first had anal sex with a man. MSM aged 18 or older were recruited using respondent‐driven sampling in Burkina Faso, Togo, Lesotho, Malawi and Swaziland. MSM aged 15 and above were recruited using snowball sampling in The Gambia. Participants completed a survey that included a question asking how old they were when they first had anal sex with another man. This variable was dichotomized and tabulated to assess the prevalence of anal sex under the age of 18. Across settings, 40.20% (1106/2751) of MSM had anal sex with a man before the age of 18. The highest percentage was in Lome, Togo (63.84%), while the smallest percentage was in Swaziland (14.46%). MSM under the age of 18 represented 12.14% of the study sample in The Gambia. A substantial proportion of MSM participants had anal sex with a man under the age of 18. Further research on this group, including a waiver of requirements for parental consent for participation, is warranted. Given the relatively small proportion of study participants under the age of 18 in a setting where this was feasible, additional outreach strategies such as web‐based recruitment may be necessary. Abstract TUAC0304–Table 1. Proportion of MSM sampled who had anal sex <18 yr Country Percentage (n/N) of MSM study participants who first had anal sex with a man when they were under the age of 18 Percentage of study participants under 18 years old Bobo‐Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 51.21% (169/330) N/A Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 51.31% (176/343) N/A Kara, Togo 41.95% (138/329) N/A Lome, Togo 63.84% (226/354) N/A Gambia 43.69% (90/206) 12.14% (25/206) Maputsoe, Lesotho 40.95% (129/315) N/A Maseru, Lesotho 35.85% (76/212) N/A Malawi 16.32% (55/337) N/A Swaziland 14.46% (47/325) N/A 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20376 © 2015 Grosso A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: grossoas@gmail.com Seroadaptive behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) may protect against HIV. Anecdotally, some MSM incorporate partners’ antiretroviral therapy (ART)/viral load (VL) or HIV testing frequency into sexual decision‐making. The frequency and effect of these strategies is unknown. HIV‐negative MSM attending an STD clinic in Seattle, WA from March–December 2014 were enrolled in a study of seroadaptive behaviours. Men completed a computer‐based survey on behaviours in the past 12 months. HIV testing was performed per clinic protocol. Among HIV‐negative men with HIV‐negative partners, we examined if the timing of the partner's last HIV test was associated with condomless anal intercourse (CAI). Of those with HIV‐positive partners, we asked (in aggregate) if respondents’ decision to have sex or use condoms was based on partner ART use or VL (i.e. ART/VL serosorting). We compared proportions with chi‐square tests. We enrolled 988 (58%) of 1718 eligible HIV‐negative MSM. The mean age was 33 and 62% were white, non‐Hispanic. Most (69%) had CAI with HIV‐negative partners, 18% had CAI with HIV‐positive partners and 22% reported no CAI. The majority (86%) asked HIV‐negative partners when the partner last tested negative. CAI was more common among men whose most recent partner tested ≤3 months ago compared to men whose partner tested >3 months ago or the partner did not know when he last tested (48% vs. 40%, p=0.02). Of 222 men with HIV‐positive partners, 60 and 64% decided whether to have sex/use condoms based on their partners’ ART use or VL, respectively. CAI with an HIV‐positive partner was more common among men who reported ART/VL serosorting compared to those who did not (79% vs. 57%, p=0.03), but testing newly positive for HIV was less common among men who reported ART/VL serosorting compared to men who did not (1/120 (1%) vs. 2/23 (9%)). Among Seattle MSM, nuanced seroadapative behaviours such as ART/VL serosorting and using the recency of a partner's HIV test to inform sexual decision‐making are common. The high prevalence of these behaviours suggests they could impact HIV incidence rates, but the individual‐ and population‐level effects of these behaviours are uncertain. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20377 © 2015 Khosropour C M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: ckhosro@uw.edu There are very limited data from homosexual male serodiscordant couples (HM‐SDC) on the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral load (VL) on HIV transmission risk and on risk behaviours within such couples. To date, no studies have investigated the issue in middle income countries. Opposites Attract is an ongoing multisite cohort study of HM‐SDC in Australia, Brazil and Thailand. HIV‐positive partners (HPP) had VL tested; HIV‐negative partners (HNP) had HIV antibody tests and reported sexual behaviour and perception of the HPP's most recent VL test. Undetectable VL (UVL) was defined as <200 copies/mL. We compared couples from the three countries; baseline differences were examined with bivariate logistic regression. By January 2015, 242 couples were enrolled (Australia=137, Brazil=53, Thailand=52). The majority of HPP were taking ART (80.2%); this was lower in Thailand than in Australia and Brazil (p<0.001), accompanied by higher proportions with UVL in Australia (88.2%) and Brazil (85.0%) than in Thailand (69.2%, p=0.008). Overall, 61.2% of HNP perceived their HPP's last VL test result to be undetectable. Brazilian and Thai HNP were more likely not to know the result (17.0 and 38.5%) compared to Australians (5.1%, p<0.001). Australian HNP reported more sex with other partners than Brazilian (p=0.013) but not Thai HNP (p=0.183). Australian HNP reported more condomless anal intercourse (CLAI) with outside partners compared to both Brazilians (p=0.002) and Thais (p=0.012). 54.6% of HNP reported CLAI with study partner in the last three months. Compared to Australia (67.9%), this was lower in Brazil (45.3%, p=0.005) and Thailand (28.9%, p< 0.001). Overall, 63.5% of HNP who perceived the HPP's VL to be undetectable reported CLAI in the last three months, compared to only 40.4% of HNP in which the HPP's VL was perceived to be detectable/unknown (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.23–0.66, p=0.001). While this was strongly associated amongst Australian couples (p=0.002), there was no such association in Brazil or Thailand. Australian HNP were more aware of their partner's VL results. Australian HM‐SDC with perceived UVL practiced more CLAI, suggesting they may be acting upon beliefs that treatment‐as‐prevention is effective. This pattern was not seen in Brazil and Thailand. Abstract TUAC0306–Table 1. Baseline characteristics of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative Total (n=242) Australia (n=137) Brazil (n=53) Thailand (n=52) HPP: taking ART 194 (80.2) 124 (90.5) 45 (84.9) 25 (48.1) HPP: viral load <200 copies/mL (available for 227 HPP) 189 (83.3) 119 (88.2) 34 (85.0) 36 (69.2) HPP: Adherence to ART >90% (of those taking ART) 170 (91.9) 107 (92.2) 40 (88.9) 23 (95.8) HNP: perceived VL of HPP Undetectable VL 148 (61.2) 107 (78.1) 34 (64.2) 7 (13.5) Detectable VL 58 (24.0) 23 (16.8) 10 (18.9) 25 (48.1) Don't know VL 36 (14.9) 7 (5.1) 9 (17.0) 20 (38.5) HNP: any CLAI with outside partners, last three months 45 (18.6) 38 (27.7) 2 (3.8) 5 (9.6) HNP: any CLAI with study partner, last three months 132 (54.6) 93 (67.9) 24 (45.3) 15 (28.9) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20378 © 2015 Bavinton B R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: bbavinton@kirby.unsw.edu.au There are few[VR1] data on HIV prevalence and the number of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Mozambique. As part of the Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey implemented in 2014, we conducted the first population size estimation among PWID in two urban areas, Maputo (n=353) and Nampula (n=139). Given the lack of a gold standard, we synthesized four independent methods to estimate the number of PWID: unique object multiplier, wisdom of the crowd, sequential sampling and literature review. The unique object estimate is calculated as the number of objects distributed to PWID pre‐survey, divided by the proportion of survey participants who reported receiving the objects. The wisdom of the crowd method polls the participants on how many people they believe inject drugs in each city (responses equal to the personal network size were excluded). The sequential sampling method applies a Bayesian approach to the self‐reported PWID network size of each participant to infer the size of the hidden population. In the literature review, estimates were based on proportions of adults who are PWID from other African locations applied to the 2014 census projections for Maputo and Nampula. A consensus meeting among stakeholders agreed that the median of all four methods was the best estimate of population size of PWID in each city and also agreed to the lowest and highest estimates as “acceptable bounds.” HIV prevalence was 50.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 40.7–58.9) and 36.8% (CI: 24.3–49.3) in Maputo and Nampula, respectively. The numbers of PWID were estimated at 1445 (0.19% of adults) (acceptable bounds: 1281 (0.17%) to 3524 (0.46%)) and 465 (0.14%) (acceptable bounds: 354 (0.10%) to 3921 (1.16%)). Using these population size estimates, there are 727 and 171 PWID infected with HIV and in need of care and/or treatment services in Maputo and Nampula, respectively. Our results highlight the feasibility of using the median of multiple methods to estimate the size of PWID in two urban areas in Mozambique. Given the limited population size and high rates of infection, harm‐reduction, prevention interventions and HIV care and treatment services should be practical and affordable in this population. Abstract TUAC0401–Figure 1. (a) Population size estimation using four independent methods, Maputio City. (b) Population size estimation using four independent methods, Nampula. Abstract TUAC0401–Figure 1. (a) Population size estimation using four independent methods, Maputio City. (b) Population size estimation using four independent methods, Nampula. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20379 © 2015 Sathane I et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: isabels@itech‐mozambique.org HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Ukraine is among the highest in the world. We assessed the efficacy of two interventions, a network‐based peer intervention combined with HIV testing and counselling (T/C combined; experimental condition, N=614) versus HIV testing and counselling alone (T/C alone; control condition, N=592), in reducing HIV incidence among PWID. Between 2010 and 2014, 1205 HIV‐seronegative PWID were recruited from street settings in Odessa, Donetsk and Nikolayev. We used a clustered randomized design that consisted of 611 networks and included: peer‐leaders; first wave network members; and second wave network members. Participants were randomly assigned to interventions in groups of 16 and interviewed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Interviewers and HIV tester/counsellors were not blinded to intervention. Cox regression was used to compare HIV incidence between groups, incorporating GEE to account for clustering. Preliminary results suggest that mean age and duration of injection was 31.8 and 11.7 years, respectively; 75% were male. In the past 30 days, 43% injected daily, 46% always injected with others, 78% had ≥1 sex partner. HIV incidence was 19.0 per 100 person‐years (py) in the experimental condition compared to 31.8 per 100 py in the control condition (p<0.001). PWID in the experimental condition had a 39% reduced hazard for HIV seroconversion versus the control group (p<0.001). With each year increase in age, the hazard increased by 5% (p<0.001), and with each injection episode in the past 30 days, the hazard increased by 0.6% (p=0.02). Those who were sexually active in the last 30 days had a 26% reduced hazard (p=0.03). The combined network‐based peer intervention and was more efficacious in reducing HIV incidence among PWID in Ukraine than T/C alone. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20380 © 2015 Booth R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: robert.booth@ucdenver.edu Treatment‐as‐prevention‐based efforts to reduce HIV/AIDS‐associated morbidity, mortality and HIV viral transmission among people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) rely on prompt engagement in antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the longitudinal factors that promote or block initiation of ART among PWUD are not well described. Thus, we sought to identify factors associated with time from seroconversion to ART initiation among PWUD. Using data from two observational prospective cohorts of illicit drug users linked to comprehensive ART dispensation records, we included HIV‐seronegative individuals at baseline who seroconverted during follow‐up. We fit multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for a time‐updated measure of clinical eligibility for ART to identify factors independently associated with time to treatment initiation following seroconversion. We included 133 individuals of whom 98 (73.7%) initiated ART during follow‐up at a rate of 17.6 per 100 person‐years. In a multivariable model adjusted for clinical eligibility, living in the HIV epicentre (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.01–2.58), methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) (AHR=2.37, 95% CI=1.56–3.60) and a later year of interview (AHR=1.07, 95% CI=1.02–1.13) were associated with shorter time to ART initiation. Barriers to ART initiation were illicit income generation (AHR=0.51, 95% CI=0.32–0.79) and incarceration (AHR=0.52, 95% CI=0.28–0.97). In this sample of community‐recruited HIV‐positive PWUD with well‐defined dates of seroconversion, we found that illicit income generation and incarceration were barriers to ART initiation while MMT and living in the HIV epicentre promoted ART initiation independent of clinical eligibility. Current efforts to scale‐up HIV treatment among PWUD should consider these factors in order to reduce HIV/AIDS‐associated morbidity, mortality and HIV viral transmission. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20381 © 2015 Joseph B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: bjoseph@ualberta.ca In Vietnam, injecting drug use is[VR1] the leading cause of HIV transmission. Multiple local transmission models suggest periodic HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of CD4 count in people who inject drugs (PWID) can markedly reduce HIV‐related mortality and transmission. Programme experience with this approach in Vietnam is limited. Therefore, the acceptability and feasibility of this approach was assessed in two high‐burden provinces. We present preliminary ART outcomes. Village health workers, PWID peer educators, and health staff were educated on the new approach and the benefits and risks of immediate ART initiation. Since April 2014, HTC has been recommended to PWID every six months, and immediate ART, that is, initiation irrespective of CD4 count, has been offered to PWID living with HIV in Thai Nguyen and Thanh Hoa provinces. Following consent, PWID were followed for 12 months. HIV viral load (VL) was assessed before ART start (baseline) and at months 6 and 12. Of 232 identified HIV‐positive PWID, 218 (94%) agreed to participate and initiate immediate ART, among which 102 initiated ART before 30 June 2014. Of this cohort, 97.1% were males, median age was 36 years, 47.1% reported methadone use in the past three months, 38.2% had baseline CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3 and median baseline VL was 4.1 (IQR 2.3–5.2) log10 copies/mL. Ninety‐one of the 102 participants (89.2%) were retained after six months (eight died and three lost‐to‐follow‐up). Retention was 84.1 and 97.4% among PWID with baseline CD4 counts below and above 350 cells/mm3, respectively (Figure 1). Excluding five patients who transferred to other care sites and seven patients whose samples were not available due to logistical issues, 67 of the 79 participants (84.8%) achieved viral suppression (i.e. VL<1000 copies/mL) at month six. Viral suppression was 84.4 and 85.3% among PWID with CD4 counts below and above 350 cells/mm3, respectively (Figure 1). The preliminary results suggest high uptake and adherence to ART irrespective of CD4 count among PWID; however, late presentation to care remains a critical problem. The results are informing the revision of the national guidelines to include immediate ART in key populations. Abstract TUAC0404–Figure 1. Retention on ART and viral suppression among PWID enrolled in the study disaggregated by CD4 at ART initiation. Abstract TUAC0404–Figure 1. Retention on ART and viral suppression among PWID enrolled in the study disaggregated by CD4 at ART initiation. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20382 © 2015 Nguyen H H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: katom@wpro.who.int There is extensive documentation of the direct clinical benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence leading to plasma HIV RNA‐1 viral load suppression. However, very little is known about the social, socio‐economic and ancillary clinical benefits of ART adherence, particularly among people who use illicit drugs (PWUD). We used longitudinal data from a prospective cohort of community‐recruited HIV‐positive PWUD in Vancouver, Canada, a setting of free and universal access to HIV care. Participant data were linked to comprehensive HIV clinical monitoring and ART dispensation records. We developed a series of generalized linear mixed effects models, adjusting for potential confounders. Models examine whether, among ART‐exposed individuals, becoming optimally adherent to ART medication (i.e. ≥95% using a validated measure of pharmacy dispensation) resulted in associated social, socio‐economic and ancillary clinical benefits, such as relationship initiation, transitioning out of homelessness, entering employment, ceasing involvement in illegal or prohibited income generation activity (e.g. street‐based income generation, sex work, drug dealing or other illegal activities) and enrolling in addiction treatment. Between December 2005 and November 2013, of the 724 eligible study participants, 241 (33.3%) self‐reported as women and 404 (55.8%) as Caucasian, with 463 (64.0%) individuals becoming ≥95% adherent to ART at least once during the study period. In final multivariate models, becoming adherent to ART was positively and significantly associated with ceasing prohibited or illegal income generation activities (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–1.94) and transitioning out of homelessness (AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.12–1.71), while ART adherence was marginally associated with initiating a romantic relationship (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.96–1.81). These findings suggest that becoming adherent to ART results not only in virologic suppression among HIV infected PWUD, but also increases the likelihood of reducing key drivers of social and socio‐economic vulnerability. These secondary benefits of ART adherence hold the potential to reinforce ongoing engagement in HIV care and support significant improvements in quality of life and individual health among this marginalized population. Findings reinforce the clinical and non‐clinical importance of promoting access and adherence to ART among HIV‐positive individuals who use illicit drugs. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20383 © 2015 Richardson L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: lrichardson@cfenet.ubc.ca Since 2010, HCV incidence among active (i.e. injection past six months) PWID in Montréal remains greater than 15 of 100 person‐years (p‐y). The arrival of new direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) with high sustained virological response rates and improved tolerability raises the question of whether treatment could be used to prevent HCV transmission. Our objective was to assess how improvements in the cascade of care can impact future HCV incidence, prevalence and complications among PWID in Montréal. We used a dynamic model to simulate HCV transmission and natural history among active PWID in Montréal from 2015. The reference scenario (scenario 1) was the current cascade of care including new DAA as standard treatment (see Table 10). HCV prevalence and incidence after 10 years and the number of liver complications avoided after 40 years were estimated under different conditions: decreased time from chronic infection to diagnosis (scenario 2), greater adherence to treatment (scenario 3), improved treatment rate (scenarios 4 and 5) and a combination of these interventions (scenario 6). Due to a lack of data on time to linkage to care (time between diagnosis and first consultation related to hepatitis C), simulations considered three such intervals: one, three and five years. A thousand simulations were performed per scenario. Scenarios 2 and 3 showed similar results for HCV prevalence (53.3–59.5%) and incidence (9.1–10.3/100 p‐y) after 10 years, and less than a 3.4% difference in the number of liver complications after 40 years relative to the reference scenario. Improving access to treatment (scenarios 4 and 5) demonstrated a great decrease in all outcomes. When combining all interventions (scenario 6), prevalence and incidence decreased until 26.9% and 4.9/100 p‐y, respectively, and the number of liver complications until 39.3%, depending on the time to linkage to care. Our results suggest that decreasing time to diagnosis or improving treatment adherence is not sufficient to impact HCV prevalence, incidence and complications among PWID in Montréal. The current level of treatment access in the cascade of care is limiting a massive decrease in disease burden and transmission. A substantial treatment scale‐up is necessary in this population. Abstract TUAC0406LB–Table 1 Scenario Average time before linkage to care (years) Prevalence after 10 years (%) mean (95% CI) Incidence after 10 years (/100 persons‐years) mean (95% CI) % of compilation avoided compared to Scenario 1 over 40 years mean (95% CI) Scenario 1 (Reference) New DAAs under the current cascade of care: 1 54.6 (54.4;54.8) 9.4 (9.1;9.6) / average time from chronic infection to diagnosis δ=2.0 years; 3 57.7 (57.5;57.8) 10.1 (9.8;10.4) / annual lost to follow‐up probability Ψ=14%; 5 59.5 (59.4;59.7) 10.3 (10;10.6) / initiation of treatment if linked to care α=5%/year; SVR rate with current adherence to treatment (SVR)=81.3% Scenario 2 1 53.5 (53.3;53.7) 9.1 (8.9;9.4) 0.9 (−0.2;2.0) Decrease time from chronic infection to diagnosis: 3 56.8 (56.7;57) 9.9 (9.6;10.1) 1.7 (0.8;2.6) δ=0.5 years 5 58.7 (58.5;58.9) 10.1 (9.9;10.4) 1.7 (0.7;2.7) Scenario 3 1 53.3 (53.1;53.5) 9.1 (8.8;9.4) 2.7 (1.6;3.8) Improve adherence to treatment: 3 56.6 (56.5;56.8) 9.6 (9.4;9.9) 3.2 (2.2;4.2) SVR rate likewise in clinical trials (SVR=90%) 5 58.5 (58.3;58.7) 9.8 (9.5;10.1) 3.4 (2.6;4.3) Scenario 4 1 45.6 (45.4;45.8) 7.8 (7 6;8.0) 15.5 (14.7;16.3) Improve treatment rate: 3 50.5 (50.3;50.7) 8.4 (8.2;8.7) 14.6 (13.7;15.4) α=10%/year 5 53.5 (53.4;53.7) 9.1 (8.9;9.4) 12.4 (11.5;13.2) Scenario 5 1 34.1 (33.9;34.3) 6.1 (5.9;6.3) 29.6 (28.9;30.2) Improve treatment rate: 3 41.4 (41.2;41.6) 7.3 (7.1;7.5) 27.2 (26.3;28.0) α=20%/year 5 45.7 (45.5;45.9) 7.8 (7.6;8.1) 24.3 (23.6;25.1) Scenario 6 1 26.9 (26.7;27.0) 4.9 (4.8;5.1) 39.3 (38.8;39.8) Combined scenario 3 35.7 (35.5;35.8) 6.4 (6.2;6.6) 34.8 (34.2;35.4) combine scenarios 2, 3 and 5 5 41.2 (41;41.4) 7.2 (7.1;7.4) 31.6 (30.8;32.4) CI: confidence interval SVR: Sustained virological response CI: confidence interval SVR: Sustained virological response 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20552 © 2015 Cousien A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: anthony.cousien@inserm.fr The HIV “cascade of care” provides a framework for identifying priority areas for improvement of HIV services. In sub‐Saharan Africa, the cascade has yet to be characterized nationally due to challenges such as distinguishing first initiation of care from re‐initiation absent unique patient identifiers. Lacking direct data characterizing the cascade, we hypothesize that national‐level temporal trends in care can be triangulated based on epidemiological, actuarial and programmatic information fed into a quantitative model. We simulated the HIV care cascade in South Africa using an epidemiological model calibrated to age‐ and gender‐specific HIV prevalence and mortality, national population dynamics and monitoring data from the public‐sector HIV treatment programme. Data were available up to 2012, beyond which we assumed continuation of current trends in scale‐up. HIV‐associated mortality in the model was classified into those dying without initiating care, having initiated late (CD4<200), lost to follow‐up (LTFU) after previous initiation or currently in care. Failure to initiate care constituted the largest but most rapidly declining category of HIV mortality, predicted to decline from 47% of HIV‐associated deaths in 2015 to 37% in 2020. Late initiation was the second‐largest and declined more slowly because increasing CD4 counts at initiation were partially offset by growing numbers of patients initiating care. LTFU was the third‐largest but the most rapidly‐growing category of HIV mortality. Programmatic data about re‐initiation of care is lacking, but under the assumption that half of patients LTFU will re‐initiate care, deaths LTFU were not expected to surpass deaths due to late initiation by 2020. Those receiving care constituted 3% of HIV‐associated deaths, mostly among those receiving treatment rather than in pre‐ART care. This proportion remained constant over time because the growing population on treatment was offset by improvements in treatment quality, such as expansion of virological monitoring and availability of second‐line regimens. More data are required to fully characterize the spatial heterogeneities and dynamics of the care cascade. Nevertheless, trends revealed by model‐based triangulation were consistent with findings in well‐studied populations such as demographic surveillance sites. Failure to access care remains the largest but most rapidly declining category of HIV mortality. Abstract TUAD0101–Figure 1. HIV mortality along the care cascade. Abstract TUAD0101–Figure 1. HIV mortality along the care cascade. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20384 © 2015 Bershteyn A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: abershteyn@intven.com Estimates of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) using pharmacy refill data have outperformed self‐report and can identify patients at risk for virologic failure, especially in settings where viral load testing is limited. Uncertainty exists about the best method to estimate adherence using pharmacy refill data and the optimal duration of data to predict virologic outcomes. We identified individuals over 18 on first and second line ART from a national private sector (Aid for AIDS) and regional public sector (Khayelitsha) programme. The area under (AUC) the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for virologic suppression (VS) (viral load<400 copies/mL) was used to compare three short‐term adherence estimate methods: 1) “crude” – refills divided by months, 2) “average” – days ART dispensed plus unused ART from prior dispensing divided by interval duration, and 3) “gap” – interval duration less the number of days without ART coverage, divided by interval duration. The “gap” method is different to the “average” method as it does not allow the adherence estimate to be artificially increased by additional ART dispensed after a possible “gap” in ART coverage. The interval for pharmacy refill varied from 3 to 12 months. We included 56,472 individuals from the private programme (median 1.7 years, 65% female) and 24,466 from the public programme (median 2.1 years, 65% female). The “gap” method consistently outperformed the other two methods (see Figure 1). In the public programme, the “gap” method was 12% less potent due to significant data capture errors. Longer pharmacy refill intervals outperformed shorter intervals (“gap” ROC 0.837 (12 months), 0.812 (3 months)) in the more powered private dataset. When further separated by regimen line, the “gap” method for second line was superior but the ROC AUCs estimates did not vary by the pharmacy refill interval. We identified possible cut‐points for virological failure (VL>1000 copies/mL) in the private programme: 80 and 72% for first and second line therapy. respectively. Adherence measures that identify gaps in pharmacy data were superior and consistent across programs and regimen lines and could be used to identify people at risk of poor ART outcomes. Abstract TUAD0102–Figure 1. Area under ROC curve with 95% CI (private programme). Abstract TUAD0102–Figure 1. Area under ROC curve with 95% CI (private programme). 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20385 © 2015 Leisegang R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rory.leisegang@uct.ac.za Accurate estimates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage are needed to track progress towards global targets from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) which aim for 90% of HIV+ persons on ART by 2020. ART coverage is reported annually to UNAIDS using mathematically‐modelled estimates of the number of HIV+ persons eligible for ART based on an assumed distribution of CD4 counts in the HIV+ population and the number of persons receiving ART in health facilities. We compared ART coverage reported to UNAIDS with coverage estimated from a nationally representative survey in Kenya using two independent methods. The 2012 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey was a population‐based household survey of persons aged 18 months‐64 years conducted from 10/2012 to 2/2013. Interviews collected data on ART use for persons reporting HIV+ status. Blood samples were tested for HIV, and HIV+ samples tested for ART by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. We estimated and compared ART coverage among HIV+ persons aged 15–64 years based on: 1) routine programme monitoring data; 2) self‐report; and 3) biological confirmation of ART. ART eligibility in the survey was defined as: CD4 count <350 cells/mm3 or having active tuberculosis. Estimates were weighted to adjust for survey design and non‐response. According to ART programme monitoring data, 549,000 adults were receiving ART in 2012, covering 39.6% (confidence interval (CI) 36.8–43.0) of HIV+ persons and 78.3% (CI 74.8–82.8) of those ART‐eligible. Of 11,626 survey respondents, 648 (5.6%) were HIV+ and 559 (86.3%) had samples available for ART testing. Among those, 42.5% (CI 0.4–47.7) tested positive for ART while 34.2% (CI 29.1–39.3) reported receiving ART. Based on biological confirmation of ART, coverage among ART‐eligible persons was 71.0% (CI 63.2–78.9) or 444,000 persons while coverage based on self‐report was 63.4% (CI 53.2–73.6) or 374,000 persons. Self‐report underestimated ART coverage by 70,000 persons while programme data may overestimate coverage by up to 105,000 persons. Until monitoring systems for the national ART programme are strengthened and mathematical models are updated to reflect actual need for ART, surveys that provide biological confirmation of ART may be required to accurately track national estimates of ART coverage. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20386 © 2015 Kim A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: aakim@cdc.gov Improving first‐time HIV testing among key populations, especially young MSM and transgender (TG) individuals, is a global health priority. However, most HIV testing campaigns do not reach untested populations and have minimal input from key populations. Crowdsourcing, the process of taking a task performed by an individual and opening it to a large group in the form of a contest, may enhance HIV testing interventions. We organized a non‐inferiority, pragmatic randomized controlled trial to compare first‐time HIV testing rates among MSM and TG individuals who received either a crowdsourced HIV test promotion intervention or a health marketing intervention. Participants were recruited through three large MSM web portals in China. We randomly assigned 721 MSM and TG individuals (≥16 years old, never before tested for HIV) to one of two video interventions. The crowdsourced video was developed using an open contest and formal transparent judging while the evidence‐based health marketing video was designed by experts. We followed up four weeks post‐intervention via text message to assess HIV test uptake. Descriptive statistics and sensitivity analyses for missing data were carried out to assess test uptake. Cost‐minimization analysis was used to evaluate economic and financial costs of the two interventions. The trial was registered (NCT02248558). Overall, 624/721 (86.5%) MSM and TG individuals responded to the text message. HIV test uptake was similar between the crowdsourced arm (37.1%, 114/307) and the health marketing arm (35.0%, 111/317). Sensitivity analysis using imputation supported the similarity of the two approaches. Within the crowdsourced arm, individuals who previously viewed the video were more likely to receive HIV testing compared to first‐time viewers (52.4% vs. 26.5%, p<0.001). Among those tested, 30.7% (69/225) reported a new HIV diagnosis. The crowdsourced intervention cost substantially less than the health marketing intervention in eliciting first‐time testing ($131/person vs. $238) and detecting new HIV diagnoses ($415/person vs. $799). We provide proof of principle for using crowdsourcing as a tool to enhance community engagement and improve HIV testing services. Crowdsourcing may be a cost‐effective method to optimize HIV interventions, especially interventions targeting young key populations. Abstract TUAD0104–Table 1. Pre‐specified sub‐analyses among MSM in China Crowdsourced Health marketing Tested/total (%) RR 95% CI p Tested/total (%) RR 95% CI p Multi‐time video watching 66/126 (52.4%) 1.97 1.47–2.65 <0.001 67/151 (44.4%) 1.67 1.23–2.28 0.001 First‐time video watching 48/181 (26.5%) Ref 44/166 (26.5%) Ref Northern web portal 106/316 (33.5%) 1.27 0.70–2.33 0.42 90/266 (26.6%) 0.82 0.57–1.88 0.30 Other web portals 8/36 (22.2%) Ref 21/51 (41.2%) Ref Yes – condomless sex 28/71 (39.4%) 1.21 0.84–1.74 0.62 26/62 (41.9%) 1.30 0.90–1.88 0.16 No – condomless sex 50/153 (32.7%) Ref 52/161 (32.3%) Ref Overall 114/307 (37.1%) 111/317 (35.0%) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20387 © 2015 Han L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jdtucker@med.unc.edu The US CDC promotes the use of HIV surveillance data to identify out‐of‐care persons and return them to care (“Data‐to‐Care”). We used stepped wedge cluster randomization to institute a Data‐to‐Care programme in Seattle‐King County, Washington, DC, USA. We attempted to provide the intervention to all eligible persons in the county, initiated in a randomly assigned order based on cases’ medical provider (the cluster). Eligible persons had 1) no CD4 or viral load (VL) reported for ≥12 months or 2) VL>500 and CD4<350 at last report. Programme staff contacted patients to offer assistance relinking to HIV care and treatment. The primary study outcome was time to viral suppression (first VL <200 reported to surveillance), starting from the programme implementation date. The secondary outcome was care relinkage (first VL or CD4 reported). We used Cox Proportional Hazards to compare outcomes during control periods (before initiation of each case's provider cluster) to intervention periods (after initiation of the cluster). We censored cases at the time of ascertainment of relocation or death, or end of the observation period. The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis included all eligible cases; the modified ITT (mITT) analysis excluded cases found to have died or moved. The ITT and mITT analyses included 1008 and 824 persons, respectively (Figure). Study staff provided the individual intervention to 165 persons, of whom 73% relinked to care within one month and 70% achieved viral suppression within six months. The incidence rate (IR) of viral suppression was higher during the intervention versus control periods, but the difference was not statistically significant (Table). The HR associated with the intervention was higher among persons with last VL>500 in the past year than persons with no labs in the past year. Data‐to‐Care programmes can relink some persons to HIV care, but the effect of these programmes may be limited by the large numbers of persons who have moved, died or cannot be reached, and the rate of relinkage to care in the absence of the intervention. Focusing on persons with recently reported unsuppressed VLs rather than a gap in lab reports may be more effective and efficient. Abstract TUAD0105LB–Figure 1. Flowchart of programme implementation. Abstract TUAD0105LB–Figure 1. Flowchart of programme implementation. Abstract TUAD0105LB–Table 1. Summary of intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and modified I Population, outcome % Achieved by end of observation period Hazard ratio (95% CI) of incidence rates in intervention versus control period Total population, viral suppression ITT analysis (N=1008) 30 1.27 (0.89–1.80) mITT analysis (N=824) 37 1.18 (0.83–1.68) No labs for 12 months, relinkage mITT analysis (N=276) 47 0.99 (0.74–1.34) No labs for 12 months, viral suppression mITT analysis (N=276) 28 0.79 (0.40–1.55) Last VL>500 in past year, viral suppression mITT analysis (N=548) 41 1.4 (0.96–2.19) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20553 © 2015 Dombrowski J C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jdombrow@uw.edu Retaining HIV‐positive mothers and their babies in prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT) care is critical for the elimination of mother‐to‐child‐transmission. mothers2mothers is a peer education and psychosocial support programme operating in six Option B+ countries in Africa. m2m Mentor Mothers are women living with HIV who have recently experienced PMTCT. They are trained and employed to support other mothers and their families through the same process. In 2014, the m2m Mentor Mother Model implemented under the STAR‐EC Programme in Uganda was evaluated externally in order to investigate whether maternal and infant PMTCT outcomes and maternal psychosocial well‐being outcomes were associated with exposure to m2m Mentor Mothers. A quasi‐experimental matched area comparison design was used. PMTCT outcomes were measured retrospectively among 2282 mother‐baby‐pairs who accessed PMTCT services between January 2011 and March 2014 in 31 intervention facilities (where m2m Mentor Mothers provided peer education and psychosocial support) and 31 matched control facilities (where no peer education and psychosocial support were provided). Furthermore, 796 pregnant women and new mothers accessing PMTCT between June 2012 and March 2014 across both study arms participated in facility based Psychosocial Wellbeing surveys. Bivariate and multivariate inferential statistical analysis was done using STATA 12. Propensity Score Matching was used to investigate the net effect attributable to the m2m standard‐of‐care. Comparison of the intervention and control sites indicated that clients in m2m‐supported health facilities showed improved uptake of PMTCT services (see Table 1). The m2m model was further associated with increased coping self‐efficacy (86.6% vs. 64.5%, p<0.001); coping behaviour (69.4% vs. 56.9%, p<0.001); HIV disclosure and safer sex self‐efficacy (71.7% vs. 50.7%, p<0.001); and reduction in the experience of depression (83.5% vs. 78.1%, p=0.028). m2m has developed and refined a simple, scalable, adaptable and sustainable model of peer education and psychosocial support that improves uptake of PMTCT services and addresses the challenges facing HIV‐positive pregnant women and mothers. The evidence shows that m2m's psychosocial peer support helps HIV‐positive pregnant women and new mothers and their families cope more effectively with HIV and enhances their psychosocial wellbeing. Integration of peer education and psychosocial support into clinical PMTCT standard‐of‐care is recommended. Abstract TUAD0201–Table 1. Comparison of PMTCT outcomes Outcome indicator Average effects among matched exposed subjects in m2m sites (%) Average effects among matched unexposed subjects in control sites (%) PSM net effect (percentage points) p Receipt of ARVs/ART for PMTCT among HIV‐positive pregnant women 91.8 95.1 −3.3 <0.001 ANC attendance at least four times during pregnancy among HIV‐positive women 49.30 39.70 9.6 <0.001 Delivery by skilled health personnel in past 12 months among HIV‐positive women 87.10 75.80 11.3 <0.001 Retention in care among HIV‐positive women 12 months after ART initiation 90.90 63.60 27.3 <0.001 Receipt of Nevirapine suspension at birth by HIV‐exposed babies (ART prophylaxis for PMTCT) 86.00 59.00 27 <0.001 Percentage of HIV‐exposed children who were given a PCR test at six weeks after birth 71.50 45.80 25.8 <0.001 Percentage of HIV‐exposed children who were given an HIV test six weeks after cessation of breast feeding 60.50 31.40 29.4 <0.001 Percentage of HIV‐exposed children who were given an HIV test 18 months after delivery 60.20 18.10 42.1 <0.001 Linkage of HIV‐positive babies to paediatric ART 60.90 27.80 33 <0.001 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20388 © 2015 Schmitz K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Novel strategies are needed to increase retention in, and adherence to prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services, and ultimately enhance PMTCT implementation effectiveness in sub‐Saharan Africa. To determine whether small, increasing cash payments conditioned on attending scheduled clinic visits and receiving proposed services can increase the proportion of HIV‐infected pregnant women who attend PMTCT visits and adhere to available PMTCT services through six weeks postpartum. Newly diagnosed HIV‐infected women, ≤32 weeks pregnant, were recruited at antenatal care clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention group that received compensation on the condition they attend scheduled clinic visits and accept offered PMTCT services ($5 plus $1 increment at each subsequent visit) or to a control group that received usual care. Outcomes assessed included: retention in care measured by loss‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU), and adherence to PMTCT services (attend all scheduled clinic visits and accept proposed services) through six weeks postpartum. Analysis was by intention to treat. The study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01838005. Between April 2013 and August 2014, 612 potential participants were identified, 545 were screened and 433 were enrolled and randomized (Figure 1). Participants in the two groups had similar characteristics at baseline. As of January 5, 2015, 407 had completed their six weeks postpartum visit or were no longer in care. Analysis of complete data showed that by six weeks postpartum, a lower proportion of participants in the intervention group (17.7%) than the control group (27.0%) were LTFU (unadjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36–0.94). Similarly, a higher proportion of participants in the intervention group (70.0%) than the control group (54.5%) attended all scheduled visits and accepted proposed services (OR=1.91; 95% CI, 1.21–2.87). Results were similar after adjusting for marital status, age and education (Table 1). Among newly diagnosed HIV‐infected women, small, incremental cash incentives resulted in increased retention along the PMTCT cascade and adherence to available services. The overall effects of these incentives on HIV‐free survival and cost‐effectiveness warrant further investigation. Abstract TUAD0202–Figure 1. Participants tree. Abstract TUAD0202–Figure 1. Participants tree. Abstract TUAD0202–Table 1. Effect of conditional cash compensation Study group Odds ratio (95% CI) Overall n (%) Intervention n (%) Control n (%) Unadjusted p Adjusted p Loss to follow‐up Yes 91 (22.36) 36 (17.73) 55 (26.96) 0.58 (0.36, 0.94) 0.0255 0.58 (0.36, 0.93) 0.0235 No 316 (77.64) 167 (82.27) 149 (73.04) Attendance of each clinic visit and received services Yes 254 (63.41) 142 (69.95) 112 (54.90) 1.91 (1.27, 2.87) 0.0017 1.97 (1.30, 2.97) 0.0013 No 153 (37.59) 61 (30.05) 92 (45.10) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20389 © 2015 Yotebieng M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: yotebieng.2@osu.edu Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF) partnered with the Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) and Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care (MOHCC) to roll out the WHO 2010 and later 2013 prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT) guidelines. EGPAF, MOHCC and CIFF developed a “critical path” with a prioritized set of performance indicators, with population‐based targets, that are the main drivers of impact. The indicators are reviewed quarterly, as they largely draw on routine monitoring data. If performance is lagging in a particular indicator, a diagnosis is undertaken to identify the reason and corrective action explored. Critical path indicators and results for quarter 2, 2012 are in Figure 1. The EGPAF‐CIFF goal was to reduce mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HIV from about 25% in 2009 to less ~9% by 2015. Health facilities (HFs) were supported to implement the guidelines through training and mentoring during site support visits, among other assistance. PMTCT data were collected quarterly from all supported HFs, and performance of each indicator compared with established targets during data‐driven programme reviews held by EGPAF, partner programme officers and MOHCC district staff. Reasons for under‐performance and improvement strategies were identified and implemented in subsequent quarters through mentoring and coaching of HF staff to improve service provision and patient follow‐up. By October 2014, EGPAF was supporting 1480 out of 1560 sites to provide WHO 2013 PMTCT guidelines (Option B+). Service uptake in all critical path indicators increased significantly (p<0.001) from 2009/10 to 2013/14 as follows: ANC bookings 68–100%, HIV testing 85–98%, AZT prophylaxis 32–91%, CD4 testing 41–67%, ART initiation for pregnant mothers 18–85%, EID 13–71%, mothers’ adherence on ARV prophylaxis 34–77%. The national MTCT rate fell to ~9.0% in 2013. Through use of the critical path cascade, EGPAF and CIFF supported the MOHCC to achieve a rapid scale‐up of PMTCT services. There is a need to maintain coverage and quality PMTCT services and ensure that children needing ART are actively identified, started and maintained on treatment. EGPAF is intensifying support in these new areas. Abstract TUAD0203–Figure 1. PMTCT critical path. Abstract TUAD0203–Figure 1. PMTCT critical path. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20390 © 2015 Musarandega R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rmusarandega@pedaids.org Attrition from antiretroviral treatment (ART) services is an important determinant of HIV treatment outcomes. This study assessed factors associated with attrition among pregnant and non‐pregnant patients initiating ART following adoption of Option B+ (universal ART eligibility for HIV‐infected pregnant women) in October 2012 in Haiti. Electronic medical records of adult patients initiated on ART from October 2012 to August 2014 at 73 health facilities (HF) from 8 of 10 Haitian administrative departments were analyzed. Within a survival analysis framework, attrition was defined as the first instance of failure to attend a HF visit for 90 days after a missed clinical or pharmacy‐dispensing appointment, or an officially‐recorded programme discontinuation, whichever came first. Known transfers to alternative HF were treated as censored observations, not attrition cases. ART initiations during or within 12 weeks after pregnancy were deemed Option B+ cases. The Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression, stratified by HF, were used to determine attrition and associated factors. Among 17,084 patients who initiated ART, 7719 (45.2%) were non‐pregnant women, 5920 (34.7%) were men and 3445 (20.2%) were pregnant women. At six months, attrition was 15.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.8–16.4) for non‐pregnant women, 17.0% (16.1–18.0) for men and 30.1% (28.5–31.7) for pregnant women. At 12 months, attrition was 31.8% (95% CI: 30.6–33.0), 34.5% (33.2–35.9) and 50.8% (49.0–52.6) respectively. Adjusted for patient‐level factors and HF, attrition risk was 63% higher among pregnant women and 16% higher among men, compared to non‐pregnant women (p<0.001). Significant protective factors included: receiving psychosocial counselling (hazard ratio (HR): 0.84, p<0.001); cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (HR: 0.83, p<0.001); tuberculosis treatment (HR: 0.88, p<0.001) before ART initiation; having an HIV‐positive household member (HR: 0.80, p<0.05); living in the same commune as the HF (HR: 0.94, p<0.05), and greater duration of pre‐ART enrolment (HR: 0.99 for each 30‐day increase, p<0.001). Following adoption of Option B+, ART attrition in Haiti was higher than that described in published reports from other resource‐limited settings. Early, sustained and tailored interventions are urgently needed to reduce ART attrition in Haiti, particularly among pregnant women. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20391 © 2015 Domercant J W et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: viw5@cdc.gov The Cameroon Ministry of Public Health began implementation of life‐long antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV‐positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B+) in 2013. This evaluation assesses early ART acceptability, retention and Mother‐to‐child‐transmission. Results will guide subsequent phases of the national rollout. From October, 2013, to June, 2014, we recruited participants from 22 purposefully selected health facilities in the Northwest and Southwest Regions for an observational cohort evaluation. HIV‐positive pregnant and breastfeeding women, not currently on antiretrovirals (prophylaxis or treatment), were eligible to participate in the assessment. Option B+ was offered to all eligible participants, and a descriptive analysis was performed. Of 1267 HIV‐positive pregnant or breastfeeding women identified, 669 (53%) were eligible for the evaluation. Of those who were offered Option B+, 666 (99%) accepted life‐long ART and 3 (<1%) accepted ART only during pregnancy and breastfeeding. As of October 2014, 569 (85%) women remained alive and on treatment; 8 (1.2%) died, 17 (3%) discontinued ART and 34 (5%) were lost to follow‐up (LTFU). Fifty‐six (8%) did not return for their first refill after ART initiation; this percentage varied from 2 to 8% between facilities. The six month retention for monthly cohorts of women initiating Option B+ was 77–91% (Figure 1). Of 409 infants born to the 669 women enrolled, 8 (2%) died, 3 (<1%) were LTFU. Four hundred and three (99%) received NVP prophylaxis within 72 hours of birth. By eight weeks post‐partum, 342 (89%) were tested for HIV deoxyribonucleic‐acid, 9 (3%) received a positive result. The remaining infants are not yet old enough for HIV status determination. All HIV‐infected infants initiated ART. In Cameroon, Option B+ is highly accepted by HIV‐positive pregnant and breastfeeding women and can achieve a high six month retention rate. Long‐term retention, mortality and final mother‐to‐child‐transmission after cessation of breastfeeding need further evaluation. Abstract TUAD0205–Figure 1. Proportion of patients on ART Option B+ retained six months after treatment. Abstract TUAD0205–Figure 1. Proportion of patients on ART Option B+ retained six months after treatment. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20392 © 2015 Tih P M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: piustih@cbchealthservices.org Timing of first antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance in sub‐Saharan Africa averages 24–25 weeks; however, to effectively prevent HIV transmission to infants, earlier ANC attendance and initiation of antiretroviral therapy are necessary. Advancing Community Level Action for Improving Maternal and Child Health (MCH)/Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT), known as ACCLAIM, a three‐arm randomized trial in 45 clusters across Swaziland, Uganda and Zimbabwe, aims to improve access, uptake and retention in MCH/PMTCT services. The study randomized clusters and evaluated three interventions: 1) community leader engagement (participation in the Community Leaders Institute, mentoring to engage in community action); 2) Community Days and dialogues (community event with structured dialogues on MNCH/PMTCT, and provision of health services) and 3) male and female MCH classes (set of four structured sessions led by peer facilitators). This sub‐study analyzed early ACCLAIM results on earlier access to ANC services. Baseline gestational age (GA) data at first ANC visit were collected from health facilities before implementation and quarterly after implementation. We compared proportions of women attending ANC during first half of pregnancy (≤20 weeks’ gestation) at baseline and 6–12 months after interventions. A total of 277 trained community leaders held >7000 community meetings and engaged>27,000 individuals in dialogues at Community Days, identifying and addressing barriers, misperceptions and harmful gender norms. The proportion of women attending ANC≤20 weeks’ gestation across the three countries increased by 36% from baseline; this trend was significant across the quarters observed (p<0.0001). Attendance during the first trimester (≤12 weeks) also increased, from 11.7% (84/719) to 14.1% (102/721) in Swaziland (p=0.163), and from 3.4% (24/705) to 12.0% (97/809) (p<0.0001) in Zimbabwe (Uganda data not available). Community dialogues actively focused on the benefits of early ANC and addressed norms of waiting until the woman “shows” before seeking ANC. In our study, community based interventions have resulted in significant greater than one‐third increase in ANC≤20 weeks’ gestation in three African countries. On‐going data analysis will provide data on the full potential of open community dialogues by trained community leaders to change community norms and health‐seeking behaviours such as early access to ANC and MCH/PMTCT services. Abstract TUAD0206LB–Table 1. Change in gestational age at first antenatal care Gestational age at first ANC Baseline July–September 2013 (January–March 2014, Uganda) n=5071 6–12 months of implementation October–December, 2014 n=4799 p‐value ≤20 weeks 1532 (30.2%) 1975 (41.2%) p<0.0001 21+weeks 3539 (69.8%) 2824 (58.8%) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20554 © 2015 Kieffer M P et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mpkieffer@pedaids.org Despite the crucial role of IgA in mucosal immunity, very little is known about how IgG and IgA isotypes interact to prevent HIV‐1 infection. This gap in the current knowledge was highlighted in the HIV‐1 RV144 vaccine trial in which specific monomeric (m)IgA mitigated IgG effectors functions and correlated with increased risk of HIV‐1 acquisition. Both IgG and dimeric (d)IgA are present in the female and male genital tracts, which are the main site of viral entry. However, the ratio of IgG to IgA varies between compartments. In this study, we compared the antiviral properties of IgG and IgA antibodies with the same epitope specificity at ratios found in genital secretions. Subsequently, we investigated whether the combination of antibody recognizing discrete epitopes but from the same isotype resulted in improved antiviral activities. CH31, b12, 2F5 and 7B2 mAbs binding to soluble HIV‐1BaL gp140 Env and kinetics parameters of these interactions were determined by competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Bio‐Layer Interferometry (BLI). HIV‐1BaL virus capture by the panel of mAbs was quantified by p24 ELISA, antibody mediated viral aggregation (AMVA) was determined using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and neutralization activity by TZM‐bl neutralization assay. We demonstrated that IgGs captured significantly more virions than IgAs, and this was correlated with higher association rate constants whereas dIgA presented the ability to mediate viral aggregation. Strikingly, the combination of dIgA and IgG recognizing the same epitope did not elicit any additive effects. In contrast, IgG prevented dIgA binding to HIV‐1BaL gp140 Env and its ability to capture and aggregate HIV‐1BaL virions. However, mixtures of IgGs or dIgAs recognizing distinct epitopes but from the same isotype resulted in synergistic effects with higher proportions of captured viruses; antibody mediated viral aggregates and neutralization activities. This study compared the ability of IgG and dIgA to prevent HIV‐1 infection with respect to the ratio IgG and dIgA found in genital secretions. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of antibody targeting different epitopes provides enhanced general antiviral activities. Nonetheless, antibody binding to the same epitope but of different isotypes may lead to competition and inhibition of antiviral functions. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20393 © 2015 Okala S G et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: s.okala12@imperial.ac.uk Previous candidate HIV vaccines have failed to either induce wide‐coverage neutralizing antibodies or substantially protecting vaccinees. Therefore, current efforts focus on novel approaches never before successfully used in vaccine design, including modelling epitopes. Candidate immunogen models identified by broadly neutralizing antibodies include the membrane proximal eternal region (MPER, recognized by 4E10, 2F5 and 10E8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)), V3/glycans (typified by PGT121‐128 mAbs) and the V2/glycan site (initially defined by PG9 and PG16 mAbs). Anti‐MPER and anti‐V3/glycan antibodies are often autoreactive or polyreactive, and this is thought to pose both direct and indirect barriers to achieving neutralization breadth. Recent evidence shows that antibodies with moderate neutralization breadth are frequently attainable, with 50% of sera from chronically‐infected individuals neutralizing ≥50% of a large, diverse set of viruses. Such moderately neutralizing antibodies may be more attainable in vaccinees. Despite these findings, there is little systematic information addressing which specificities are preferentially targeted among such commonly found, moderately broad neutralizing sera. We explored associations between neutralization breadth and potency and presence of neutralizing antibodies targeting MPER, V2/glycan site and V3/glycans in sera from 177 antiretroviral therapy‐naive HIV‐1‐infected (>1 year) individuals recruited in Cape Town, South Africa. Recognition of both MPER and V3/glycans was associated with increased breadth and potency. MPER‐recognizing sera neutralized 4.62 more panel viruses than MPER‐negative sera (95% prediction interval (PI) 4.41, 5.20), and V3/glycan‐recognizing sera neutralized 3.24 more panel viruses than V3/glycan‐negative sera (95% PI 3.15, 3.52). In contrast, V2/glycan site‐recognizing sera neutralized only 0.38 more panel viruses (95% PI 0.20, 0.45) than V2/glycan site‐negative sera and no association between V2/glycan site recognition and breadth or potency was observed. Despite autoreactivity of many neutralizing antibodies recognizing MPER and V3/glycans, antibodies to these sites are major contributors to neutralization breadth and potency in this cohort. This suggests that the autoreactivity effect is not critical and that the MPER and the V3/glycans should remain high priority vaccine candidates. The V2/glycan site result is surprising because broadly neutralizing antibodies to this site have been repeatedly observed. It may therefore be appropriate to focus on developing immunogens based upon the MPER and V3/glycans. Abstract WEAA0102–Table 1. Broad/potent neutralization and target recognized Category Less potent (geo mean ID50<220) Potently neutralizing (geo mean ID50>220) Relative risk (95% CI) p (X2) Less broad (neutralizes<18/24 viruses) Broadly neutralizing (neutralizes≥18/24 viruses) Relative risk (95% CI) p (X2) Anti‐MPER negative 124 20 1.00 (reference) 122 22 1.00 (reference) Anti‐MPER positive 24 9 1.96 (0.99, 3.91) 0.061 23 10 1.98 (1.04, 3.78) 0.043 Anti‐V2 glycan site negative 63 21 1.00 (reference) 62 22 1.00 (reference) Anti‐V2 glycan site positive 29 5 0.59 (0.24, 1.43) 0.222 27 7 0.79 (0.37, 1.67) 0.522 Anti V3/glycans negative 75 17 1.00 (reference) 73 19 1.00 (reference) Anti‐V3/glycans positive 12 9 2.32 (1.21, 4.46) 0.017 12 9 2.08 (1.10, 3.92) 0.033 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20394 © 2015 Jacob R A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jeffrey.dorfman@icgeb.org HLA‐B*35 alleles have[SL1] been classified into two groups, PY and Px, based on residues 114/116 in the HLA peptide binding groove, defining the amino acid preference at position 9 of the peptides they present. B*35:02/35:03, part of the Px group, have been associated with rapid HIV disease progression in the context of HIV‐1 B clade infection. As B*35 is the most prevalent HLA‐B allelic group in Mexico and Central America (expressed in 41.4% of individuals), including a number of relatively unstudied B*35 alleles, we investigated HIV disease outcome in this cohort. HLA sequence‐based typing was performed on 1971 chronically HIV‐1 clade B infected, ART‐naïve individuals from Mexico (n=1058), Guatemala (n=396), Nicaragua (n=218), Honduras (n=165), Panama (n=85) and Belize (n=49). Associations between HIV plasma viral load (pVL) and CD4 T cell count (CD4 count) with B*35 expression were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U‐tests and Storey q values. Only HLA‐B heterozygous individuals were compared in order to exclude confounding effects resulting from HLA homozygosity. We observed 10 different B*35 alleles (n>5). Based on residues 114 and 116, B*35:01/08/14/16/17/20/43 were classified as PY, and B*35:02/03/12 as Px. Ranking HLA‐B*35 alleles according to median pVL or CD4 count showed a wide spectrum of associated HIV disease outcomes. B*35:01 (PY) and B*35:12 (Px), which are not considered disease‐susceptible alleles, were associated with higher pVL and lower CD4 count (p<0.05, q<0.05). B*35:12 detrimental effect was stronger in Guatemala and Nicaragua than in Mexico, and the magnitude of B*35:01 effect in each country was frequency‐dependent. B*35:08 (PY) had a modest protective effect on disease outcome (although not statistically significant). No significant impact on median pVL or CD4 count was observed between HLA‐B*35 PY (n=359) and Px (n=134) groups. These results challenge the B*35‐PY/Px hypothesis, indicating that PY alleles can be disease‐susceptible. Moreover, the previous observation that the negative effect of the B*35 group is due to all Px alleles is not supported by these data. Interestingly, differences in the detrimental effect of some B*35 alleles in different countries seemed to be frequency‐associated, warranting further studies on HIV HLA‐associated adaptation in previously uncharacterized populations. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20395 © 2015 Valenzuela‐Ponce H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 The “kick and kill” strategy for the cure of chronic HIV‐1 infection involves unmasking cells harbouring the latent viral reservoir followed by their immune elimination. We hypothesize that a broad priming of de novo rather than memory HIV‐1 specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (CTL) will be required to effectively target the autologous HIV‐1 reservoir, and that this “kill” can be best achieved using specifically programmed type‐1 dendritic cells (DC1). Mature, IL‐12p70 producing DC1 were generated using a combination of either TNFa, IL‐1b, poly IC, IFNa and IFNg or CD40L and IFNg. Mature, IL‐12 deficient DC were generated using either a combination of TNFa, IL‐1b, IL‐6 and PGE2 or CD40L alone. CD8+ T cells were purified from HIV‐1 negative donors, and both naive (primary) and memory CD8+ T cells were isolated from HIV‐1 infected Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants who were on virus‐suppressive cART for several years. These cells were stimulated with autologous DC loaded with HIV‐1 Gag peptides or autologous AT2‐inactivated HIV‐1. Resulting CTL activity was assessed by IFNg ELISPOT and antiviral cytotoxicity assays targeting autologous HIV‐1 infected CD4+ T cells. DC1 proved far superior to the IL‐12‐deficient DC for inducing primary CTL responses in both infected and uninfected donors. Importantly, DC1 required CD40L “help” at the onset of priming cultures for successful CTL induction and expansion. Both primary and memory CTL each responded to distinct autologous HIV‐1 Gag peptides with robust IFNγ production. However, a broader targeting of known MHC class I‐restricted epitopes was achieved by the primary CTL responders than the memory cells. Importantly, despite substantial IFNγ production by both T cell subsets, the primary CD8+ T cells were significantly superior to restimulated memory T cells in eradicated HIV‐1 infected CD4+ T cells in the CTL assays. We demonstrate that naïve T cells from HIV‐1 infected persons on cART have the repertoire and ability to be primed by high IL‐12p70‐producing DC1 to effectively target the HIV‐1 reservoir, while memory CTL responses are suboptimal. These findings highlight the importance of directing HIV‐1 curative strategies towards the induction of de novo rather than memory HIV‐1‐specific CTL responses. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20396 © 2015 Mailiiard R B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rbm19@pitt.edu HIV‐infected CD4+ T‐cells are enriched in gut‐associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). The integrin a47 and CCR9 mediate imprinting for gut‐homing, and their expression is induced by retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite produced by GALT dendritic cells. We previously demonstrated that CD4+ T‐cells expressing the Th17 marker CCR6 are permissive to HIV in vitro, harbour replication‐competent HIV reservoirs in ART‐treated subjects and that RA selectively increases HIV replication in these cells. To identify new molecular determinants of HIV permissiveness/persistence, we performed a genome‐wide transcriptional analysis in RA‐treated CCR6+ versus CCR6‐ T‐cells. CD4+ T‐cells were sorted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by negative selection using magnetic beads (Miltenyi). Memory (CD45RA‐) CCR6+ and CCR6‐ T‐cells were sorted by flow cytometry (BDAriaII). Cells were stimulated via CD3/CD28 and cultivated in the presence or absence of RA (10 nM) for four days. Total RNA was extracted for microarrays analysis (HT 12v4 BeadChip, Illumina; >46,000 probe sets per chip). Validations of microarrays were performed by real‐time PCR and/or flow cytometry. HIV‐DNA integration was measured by nested real‐time PCR. Functional validations were performed using RNA interference (Amaxa). Among 15,303 “present calls,” 1538 and 1285 probe sets were modulated by RA in CCR6‐ and CCR6+ T‐cells, respectively (p<0.05; fold change cut‐off 1.3). Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Gene Ontology tools were used to identify pathways/individual transcripts specifically induced by RA in CCR6+ versus CCR6‐ T‐cells. This signature included an increased expression of gut homing markers (a4β7, CCR9), HIV‐1 coreceptors (CCR5, CXCR6) and also pathways linked to the regulation of T‐cell activation (CD38, Lck, PTPN13 and MAP4K4), glucose metabolism (Glut1, Glut8), cell cycle (GADD45G), HIV replication via CCR5 expression (KLF2) and multidrug resistance (MDR1/ABCB1). In addition, the transcriptome of RA‐treated CCR6+ T‐cells showed decreased expression of known HIV‐1 resistance factors (PPAR‐g, CCL3 and CCL3L1). Our studies demonstrate that RA‐mediated imprinting for gut‐homing is associated with HIV permissiveness in CCR6+ but not CCR6‐ T‐cells and reveal molecular mechanisms underlying these differences. These findings will orient the discovery of new therapeutic strategies aimed at limiting HIV permissiveness, and subsequently the size of HIV reservoirs, specifically in gut‐homing Th17 cells. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20397 © 2015 Planas D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: delphine.planas@gmail.com Infants bear a high burden of HIV‐1 and tuberculosis (TB) infections, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. We previously demonstrated that the double auxotroph Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain mc26435, engineered to co‐express SIV Gag, was safe and immunogenic in neonatal macaques. Here, we tested the efficacy of an oral mc26435 prime/intramuscular MVA‐SIV boost regimen to protect against repeated low‐dose oral SIVmac251 challenge in infant macaques. The study included 75 infant rhesus macaques. Mock‐vaccinated infants (n=15) received saline. Vaccinated animals (n=60) received attenuated auxotroph Mtb‐vaccines with or without SIV gag/env inserts (n=53) orally, or BCG (n=7) intradermally at birth at nine weeks, infants were exposed to a once‐weekly low‐dose oral SIVmac251 challenge regimen. Plasma viraemia was determined by real‐time PCR. Cellular immune activation was determined by flow cytometric analysis in blood and tissues, soluble plasma markers were measured with a Procarta 37plex. Statistical analysis for risk‐per‐SIV exposure was determined by SAS and Kaplan‐Meier plots; immune parameters were analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis with multiple Dunn's comparison. A single administration of the mc26435 vaccine at birth induced persistent immune activation that was associated with oral SIV acquisition after fewer challenges compared to mock‐vaccinated infants. The human BCG vaccine resulted in similar enhanced acquisition of SIV, and BCG‐vaccinated infants showed higher peak viraemia compared to mock‐ and Mtb‐vaccinated infant macaques. The potential for enhanced oral SIV acquisition was independent of the mycobacterial vaccine strain, immunization route and boost regimen. Analysis of blood and tissue samples revealed that both Mtb and BCG vaccines induced immune activation of myeloid cell populations and CD4+ T cells, potential target cells of SIV. Immune activation was detected as early as three weeks post‐vaccination and persisted for several months. Our results in the infant macaque model are consistent with BCG‐induced immune activation of CD4+ T cells in human infants, reports of persistent monocyte activation in BCG‐vaccinated human adults, and increased HIV‐1 infection rates in human CD4+ T cells exposed to Mtb complex in vitro. Thus, in areas of high HIV‐1 prevalence, TB vaccines need to be tested for their risk of enhancing HIV‐1 susceptibility in human infants. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20555 © 2015 Jensen K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: abelk@med.unc.edu Early initiation of long‐term antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to viral control after treatment discontinuation. Recent evidence indicates that ART initiated within seroconversion limits the HIV‐1 reservoir size. Insight into the reservoir in patients with different timings of ART as well as those who can control HIV‐1 without therapy should further inform new treatment strategies. A cross‐sectional study of HIV‐1 reservoir size (total and integrated HIV‐1 DNA) and dynamics (2‐LTR circles and cell‐associated HIV‐1 unspliced RNA (usRNA)) was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 84 HIV‐1 infected patients from four cohorts in two clinical centres (London, UK and Ghent, BE): long‐term treated patients with ART initiated during seroconversion (SRCV on ART; n=25) or chronic infection (Chronic ART; n=32), long‐term non‐progressors (LTNP; n=17) and ART‐naïve recent seroconverters (Recent SRCV; n=10). Total HIV‐1 DNA, 2‐LTR and usRNA were measured by ddPCR and integrated HIV‐1 DNA by Alu‐HIV PCR. Clinical parameters including time on ART and aviremia, CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio were collected. Median total HIV‐1 DNA copies were: 92, 48, 137 and 1901 c/106 PBMCs in SRCV on ART, LTNP, Chronic ART and Recent SRCV, respectively. Significantly lower levels of total (p=0.041) and integrated HIV‐1 DNA (p=0.003) were detected in early as compared to chronically treated patients, however these were higher than those found in LTNP (Figure 1a and 1b). Interestingly, similar levels of integrated HIV‐1 DNA were found in Recent SRCV compared to the Chronic ART cohort (p=0.104), confirming very fast seeding of the reservoir (Figure 1b). Levels of usRNA were significantly lower in early compared to chronically treated cohort (p=0.007), indicating a lower transcriptional activity in early treated patients and similar to LTNP (p=0.615). Furthermore, early treated patients exhibited a higher CD4/CD8 ratio as compared to chronically treated patients (p=0.009), suggesting lower levels of residual immune activation. Our data demonstrate that long‐term early treated patients have smaller reservoir size as compared to patients treated during chronic infection, however not reaching levels found in LTNP. Interestingly, the reservoir dynamics in terms of 2‐LTR and usRNA as well as the CD4/CD8 ratio in early treated patients are comparable to LTNP. Abstract WEAB0101–Figure 1. Total HIV‐1 DNA (a) and integrated HIV‐1 DNA (b) levels in four patient cohorts. Data is shown as log10 copies/million (c/M) PBMC and significant p‐values are indicated by *. Differences between the cohorts were determined by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Abstract WEAB0101–Figure 1. Total HIV‐1 DNA (a) and integrated HIV‐1 DNA (b) levels in four patient cohorts. Data is shown as log10 copies/million (c/M) PBMC and significant p‐values are indicated by *. Differences between the cohorts were determined by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20398 © 2015 Malatinkova E et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: eva.malatinkova@ugent.be Non‐reactive HIV serology may be a marker of low HIV viral burden. We examined the evolution of HIV antibody in a cohort of individuals treated during acute HIV infection (AHI). Between April 2009 and December 2014, adults attending voluntary HIV testing in Bangkok, Thailand, were screened for AHI, by either pooled nucleic acid testing (NAT) of 4th generation immunoassay (4G IA) non‐reactive samples or by 3rd (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of 4G IA reactive samples. Immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) was offered. Western blot and p24 quantification were performed for Fiebig staging. HIV serology at baseline, weeks 12 and 24 were performed. Two hundred and thirty‐three Thai adults were enrolled from 130,164 samples screened; three individuals did not initiate ART and were excluded from analysis. The median age of the volunteers was 27 years, and 95% were male. Median time from history of HIV exposure to enrolment was 18 days, and median time from enrolment to ART initiation was one day. Of 207 baseline 2G EIA non‐reactive subjects, results were available for 150 at week 12 and 135 at week 24 (Table 1). At week 12, 34% were non‐reactive by 2G, 3% by 3G and 20% by 4G IA; at week 24, 39% were non‐reactive by 2G, 5% by 3G and 18% by 4G. Baseline HIV RNA<5 log10 copies/mL (p=0.02), CD4 count >350 cells/µL (p=0.01) and Fiebig stage 1 or 2 (p=0.03) were predictive of non‐reactive 2G EIA at week 24. Lower AUC0–24 week for HIV RNA was also associated with non‐reactive 2G EIA at week 24 (p≤0.001, Figure 1). Seroreversion was uncommon. One of 23 individuals with reactive 2G EIA at baseline was non‐reactive at week 24; 11 of 207 demonstrated transient 2G EIA reactivity at week 12. Approximately 40% of individuals who initiated treatment in AHI maintained non‐reactivity to 2G EIA after 24 weeks of ART. Rapid ART initiation and HIV RNA decline as well as low HIV RNA and high CD4 at baseline predicted subsequent serological non‐reactivity. HIV serologic non‐reactivity is likely due to low viral burden, further supporting the benefits of early initiation of ART. Abstract WEAB0102–Figure 1. Plasma viral load by 2G EIA reactivity. Abstract WEAB0102–Figure 1. Plasma viral load by 2G EIA reactivity. Abstract WEAB0102–Table 1. Non‐reactivity to enzyme immunoassay Non‐reactivity to HIV enzyme immunoassay, N (%) Baseline (N=207) Week 12 (N=150) Week 24 (N=135) 2nd generation EIA 207 (100) 51 (34)a 53 (39)a 3rd generation EIA 99 (48) 5 (3)a 7 (5)a 4th generation IA 43 (21) 30 (20) 24 (18) aMcNemar's test, p<0.001, compared to baseline (Note: no significant difference between week 12 and 24). McNemar's test, p<0.001, compared to baseline (Note: no significant difference between week 12 and 24). 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20399 © 2015 Fletcher J L K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: james.f@searchthailand.org The goal of HAART, in established HIV infection, is to obtain virological success (plasma HIV‐RNA level (pVL)<40 copies/mL) associated with CD4 increase at 24 weeks of treatment (W24). Therefore, we analyzed whether such W24 end‐point is also pertinent for patients treated for primary HIV infection (PHI). We conducted a 10‐year retrospective analysis of the immuno‐virological response in 55 adults receiving HAART within three months after diagnosis of PHI. Genotypic resistance tests were performed before HAART and at W24 for patients with virological failure (VF) as well as HAART plasma concentrations. Patients were mostly men (n=48, 87%), White European (n=50, 91%), MSM (n=29, 52%) and mean age 35.9 years. At baseline, mean pVL was 2.6.106 cp/mL (8.103 to >107) and mean CD4 count 479/mm3 (77–1003). Patients were mostly infected with subtype B HIV‐1 (n=30, 54%). Due to the evolution of treatment recommendations over the 10‐year study period, nine different combinations of HAART were used, including mostly TDF/FTC (n=38, 69%) and a protease inhibitor as third agent (n=49, 89%). At W24, 44/55 (80%) patients had pVL<40cp/mL, whereas 11/55 (20%) had low residual pVL (45–391 cp/mL; mean: 155). In these latter patients, we observed neither mutation associated with resistance nor inefficient drug concentration. VF was correlated in univariate analysis with a significantly higher mean baseline pVL (p=0.03) and a significantly lower mean baseline CD4 count (p=0.04) than patients with undetectable pVL at W24. There was no relationship between age, sex, ethnicity, source of contamination, HAART combination or VF at W24. Our results show that 24 weeks is too short to achieve virological success in patients with high pre‐treatment pVL associated with low CD4 count. These data highlight that the usual W24 end‐point to conclude virological success may not be appropriate in PHI. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20400 © 2015 Vandendriessche A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: anne.vandendriessche@chu‐rouen.fr Rates of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) have been reported to be 11–21% in the USA and Europe, where baseline genotype resistance testing prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is routine. In resource limited settings, baseline resistance testing is not the standard of care, but TDR data can ensure that first‐line treatment regimens used in national HIV treatment programs remain effective. The RV254/SEARCH010 cohort has enrolled patients with acute HIV infection from the largest HIV testing and counselling centre in Thailand, since 2009. Patients have baseline genotype testing prior to initiating ART: TRUGENE HIV‐1 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Australia) was used for the first 66 patients and a validated in‐house method for the remainder. Mutations were categorized following the World Health Organization surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM) list. Prevalence of resistance was calculated by dividing the number of subjects with mutations by the number enrolled during each time period. Change in prevalence over time was assessed by chi‐square test for trend. Time periods were combined into two‐year blocks for analysis. Genotype resistance test results were available from 184 of the first 186 subjects enrolled in the study; virus from two patients could not be amplified. Median age was 28 years, 95% were male and 92% were men who have sex with men (MSM). Median time (inter‐quartile range, IQR) from HIV exposure to diagnosis was 18 (14–24) days. Median (IQR) HIV RNA was 5.7 (5.1–6.7) log10 copies/mL and was not significantly different between patients with and without resistance mutations. Median (IQR) CD4 was 352 (260–486) cells/mm3. Prevalence rates for resistance mutations are shown in the table. Overall TDR was 7.1%, declining from 12.5% in 2009–2011 to 4% in 2013–2014, although the change was not statistically significance (p=0.07). The mutations most commonly found were the M46I (n=3), K103N (n=2), Y181C (n=2) and M41L (n=2). TDR does not appear to be increasing among MSM in Thailand and may be declining. Routine genotype testing prior to initiating ART may not currently be necessary in this population, but surveillance for TDR should continue to monitor for any future changes. Abstract WEAB0104–Table 1. Transmitted drug resistance among MSM in Bangkok Total 2009–2010 2011–2012 2013–2014 n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) p N enrolled 184 32 52 100 Any resistance 13 (7.1) 4 (12.5) 5 (9.6) 4 (4.0) 0.07 N with RT genotype 183 32 51 100 NRTI mutations 6 (3.3) 2 (6.3) 2 (3.9) 2 (2.0) 0.23 NNRTI mutations 4 (2.2) 3 (9.4) 1 (2.0) 0 (0) 0.03 N with PR genotype 180 32 50 98 PI mutations 6 (3.3) 1 (3.1) 3 (6.0) 2 (2.0) 0.52 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20401 © 2015 Colby D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: doctordonn@gmail.com Despite substantial evidence in low and middle‐income settings that community‐led empowerment and collectivization can be a powerful determinant of successful HIV prevention, there is limited understanding of the impact of connectedness among sex workers on HIV risk in the global north. This study longitudinally modelled the impact of social cohesion on client condom refusal among street and off‐street sex workers in Vancouver, Canada. Longitudinal data were drawn from an open prospective cohort of female (trans*‐inclusive) sex workers, AESHA (An Evaluation of Sex Workers Health Access), in Metro Vancouver (2010–2013). Participants were recruited through outreach to outdoor locations and hidden indoor and online venues and completed bi‐annual interview questionnaires and HIV/STI testing by a project nurse. Lippman and colleagues’ Social Cohesion Scale measured community connectedness (i.e. perception of mutual aid, trust and support) among sex workers. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the independent effect of social cohesion on client condom refusal over three‐year follow‐up. Of 654 sex workers, one‐third (n=221) reported client condom refusal over three‐year follow‐up. On average, a medium level of social cohesion was reported; median social cohesion scores were 24 (IQR 20–29, range=4–45). In the final multivariable confounder model, for every one point increase in the social cohesion score, the odds of client condom refusal decreased by 3%, (adjusted odds ratio=0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99) after adjusting for age, injection drug use and place of solicitation. This is the first study to examine the independent effect of social cohesion on client condom refusal among sex workers in the global north. Findings suggest that community collectivization and sex worker‐led empowerment efforts can have a direct protective effect on HIV risk reduction and shifting social norms among clients in the sex industry. Given public health and human rights concerns around new Canadian laws introduced this year to further criminalize sex workers’ ability to work together (C‐36), these findings highlight the urgent need for legal reforms and a structural framework that better promotes sex workers’ ability to more formally collectivize, including sex worker‐led efforts in the HIV response. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20402 © 2015 Argento E et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: eargento@cfenet.ubc.ca Many women's decisions about whether and how to participate in sex work are driven by financial considerations. Despite the importance of economic factors in structural interventions for HIV prevention, data on the financial practices of female sex workers (FSWs) on which to base economic strengthening programs for HIV risk reduction are limited. We collected qualitative data in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, through structured participant observation activities conducted with 72 FSWs during non‐working hours. Detailed notes were taken as FSWs discussed their expenditures, income‐generation and saving and borrowing strategies. We also collected quantitative financial diary data from a sub‐sample (n=33) of FSWs. Women who kept financial diaries did so for six weeks, meeting weekly with researchers to systematically discuss and record all financial transactions. Participant observation notes were coded and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Data from financial diaries were analyzed using descriptive statistics. All women in our sample reported sex work as their primary source of income; many supplemented their income with cash gifts and modest loans from clients, family or peer FSWs. Food, clothing and transportation accounted for the highest amounts of relatively‐fixed spending. Around one‐quarter of all expenses were related to costs of sex work (e.g. “work” clothing, beauty care, personal hygiene products, right to work payments, police pay‐offs, etc.). Qualitatively, both income and expenditures were reported to fluctuate monthly (e.g. around pay day), seasonally (e.g. around holidays) and unexpectedly (e.g. illness or financial shocks). FSWs described saving money in their homes, through social tontines or through formal systems (mobile money or banks), to help manage expenditures. They also reported increasing their sex work activities (e.g. traveling to other areas, offering sex for goods) to bridge financial shortfalls. Economic strengthening interventions have, in theory, great potential to lower FSWs’ risks of HIV by lessening the financial drivers of sex work. Our findings offer a rare glimpse into the earning, spending, saving and borrowing practices of FSWs, providing evidence on which to base decisions about how best to design and implement economic strengthening elements of HIV prevention for FSWs. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20403 © 2015 Namey E et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: enamey@fhi360.org The 2012–2016 South Africa HIV National Strategic Plan calls for integrated behavioural and biological surveillance with female sex workers (FSW) to address critical HIV epidemiological and programmatic data gaps. In 2013–2014, we conducted the SAHMS‐FSW in three metropolitan areas to estimate prevalence of HIV, syphilis and associated risk factors and assess current utilization of health and HIV services. We recruited 764 FSW in Johannesburg, 650 in Cape Town and 766 in Durban using respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) to take behavioural surveys, access voluntary counselling and testing and provide blood samples for HIV and syphilis surveillance. Serological testing followed national standards. We used RDSAT (version 7.1) to estimate population‐adjusted prevalence for HIV, syphilis, selected behavioural and programmatic indicators; and SPSS (version 18.0) for multivariate logistic regressions with selected RDS‐adjusted behavioural and programmatic indicators to identify site‐specific significant associations with HIV‐infection. We report adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) in Table 1: Predictors of HIV – South African Health Monitoring Study, 2014, and current ART utilization in Figure 1. HIV prevalence was 71.8% (95% CI 56.5–81.2%), 39.7% (95% CI 30.1–49.8%) and 53.5% (95% CI 37.5–65.5%) in Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban respectively. After controlling for age, consistent condom use and hazardous drinking, brothel‐based FSW had significantly higher odds of HIV‐infection in Cape Town (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–3.1) and Durban (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.9); those working both brothels and streets in Johannesburg were more likely to be HIV‐positive (3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.9). Those accessing healthcare in Johannesburg and Durban (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6 and 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.4, respectively) and ANC services in Cape Town and Durban (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4 and 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.0, respectively) were significantly more likely to be HIV‐positive. However, uptake of ART remains low among FSW. Although FSW accessing healthcare services are more likely to be HIV‐positive, current ART utilization demonstrates a substantial gap to be addressed as South Africa begins implementing universal treatment. Identification and expansion of effective outreach models are needed to increase utilization of ART, as well as effectively target prevention services for HIV‐negative FSW. Health outreach strategies must account for behavioural and structural factors in specific sex‐work environments. Abstract WEAC0103–Table 1. Predictors of HIV – South African Health Monitoring Study, 2014, and current ART utilization Johannesburg Cape Town Durban aOR 95% CI aOR 95% CI aOR 95% CI Venue of sex work (street based is reference) Brothel based only 0.59 0.35–0.99 2.13 1.46–3.12 2.31 1.37–3.89 Street and brothel based only 3.01 1.15–7.89 0.01 0.0–149.77 0.18 0.02–1.69 Health care utilization 1.35 1.16–1.56 – – 1.26 1.13–1.41 ANC utilization 0.28 0.17–0.47 1.63 1.10–2.43 1.8 1.07–3.03 Peer education exposure 3.1 1.88–5.12 0.31 0.19–0.51 – – UAI with non‐paying partner – – – – 28.55 10.52–77.56 Age 1.13 1.08–1.18 – – 1.19 1.15–1.24 Abstract WEAC0103–Figure 1 Abstract WEAC0103–Figure 1 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20404 © 2015 Lane T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tim.lane@ucsf.edu Female sex workers (FSW) are a hard‐to‐reach key population in sub‐Saharan Africa with high HIV prevalence, infrequent access to HIV care services, and low uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We describe HIV seroprevalence, HIV status awareness, and ART eligibility and use for venue‐based FSW in Lilongwe, Malawi who received integrated mobile HIV and point‐of‐care (POC) CD4 testing. From July through August 2014, FSW were recruited using venue‐based sampling. A total of 200 FSW, age ≥18 years, who reported exchanging money for sex in the past 12 months participated in a biological and behavioural survey to evaluate HIV testing, care, and treatment history. Seropositive FSW, identified using HIV rapid testing, received rapid Alere Pima CD4 counts. Eligibility for ART followed the Malawi national guidelines (CD4≤500 cells/mm3, currently pregnant or breastfeeding, or any pregnancy after July 2011 following Option B+ policy). Proportions were estimated for HIV seroprevalence, self‐reported previous HIV diagnosis, ART‐eligibility based on national guidelines, and self‐reported ART use. HIV seroprevalence was 69% (n=138); 20% (n=27) were newly diagnosed, and 80% (n=111) were previously diagnosed. Among those newly diagnosed, 63% (n=17) were identified as ART‐eligible (median CD4: 305; IQR: 237–427). Among those who were previously diagnosed, 65% (n=72) were currently on ART, 22% (n=24) were currently ART‐eligible but not on ART (median CD4: 391; IQR: 261–474) and 13% (n=15) were ART‐ineligible and not on ART. The most commonly reported reason among previously diagnosed and ART‐eligible FSW for not being on ART was a prior high CD4 count (17%; n=4). This study is one of the first to integrate mobile HIV and POC CD4 testing to identify HIV‐infected and ART‐eligible venue‐based FSW in Malawi. The majority of newly diagnosed FSW were immediately identified as ART‐eligible. A substantial proportion of previously diagnosed FSW were ART‐eligible but not on ART, with many having a prior high CD4 count. Large‐scale integration of frequent HIV and POC CD4 testing for timely identification of HIV‐infected and ART‐eligible FSW is urgently needed to improve health outcomes for FSW and decrease HIV transmission in sub‐Saharan Africa. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20405 © 2015 Lancaster K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: klanc@unc.edu While the prevalence of HIV among female sex workers (FSW) in Iran is approximately 4.5%, FSW who have ever injected drugs are believed to have a significantly higher HIV prevalence. This study tries to assess the determinants of injection drug use among FSW through Iran's first and only national bio‐behavioural surveillance survey. This survey was conducted in 2010, by recruiting 827 FSW through facility‐based sampling from 21 sites in 14 cities in Iran. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews using a pilot‐tested standardized risk assessment questionnaire. All analyses were weighted based on the response rate and adjusted for the clustering effect of the sampling sites. A predictive multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to investigate the determinants of injection drug use among FSW in Iran. Mean age of participants was 32, 50% had primary school educations, 36% were married and most of them reported sex work as their primary source of income. Of all participants, 71.6% (95% CI: 68.5–74.6) had ever used drugs and 14.6% (95% CI: 12.2–16.9) had ever injected drugs. The most frequently injected drugs were methadone, crystal methamphetamine and crack. Among those who had ever injected drugs, 36.6% reported that they had a drug injection during the previous month and the prevalence of HIV was 11.2% (95% CI: 5.4–21.5). In the multivariable model, history of HIV testing (AOR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.19–2.69), duration of sex work (AOR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12), drug use before sex in the past month (AOR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.79–4.10) and alcohol use before sex in the past month (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.35–3.17) were significant predictors of injection drug use. The prevalence of injection drug use among FSWs in Iran is concerning which calls for special attention to be paid to FSWs who inject drugs. As selling sex to cover drug habit expenses is a likely practice among female drug users, a part of harm reduction programs for drug users should try to target this population in order to reduce their sex work practices. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20406 © 2015 Sedaghat A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: abased@gmail.com Female sex workers (FSW) are 13‐times more likely to be living with HIV than other reproductive‐aged women. Data on FSW engagement in the HIV care cascade are limited, but suggest high rates of drop‐off prior to viral suppression, with substantial drop‐offs at HIV diagnosis. FSW≥18 years were recruited through respondent driven sampling into a cross‐sectional study in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Socio‐demographics, reproductive, behavioural and healthcare history were assessed through interview‐administered questionnaires. All FSW were tested for HIV, and CD4 counts were assessed among women living with HIV. Engagement in the HIV care cascade is described, and predictors of self‐reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake among treatment‐eligible, previously diagnosed FSW were estimated using robust Poisson regression. As ART eligibility thresholds changed from≤350 to≤500 cells/mm3 during the study period, eligibility was determined based on CD4 count and current guidelines at time of study participation. Between October 2014 and April 2015, 410 FSW participated in study activities. Overall, 261/410 (63.7%) were living with HIV. Prior history of HIV testing and diagnosis were relatively high (>80%), however, self‐reported ART coverage among HIV‐positive FSW was just 39% (Figure 1). After adjusting for time since HIV diagnosis, women who had intimate partners and had not disclosed their HIV status to them were over 50% less likely to be on ART than FSW not in relationships (Table 1). Mothers and women with fewer clients per month were also statistically significantly less likely to be on treatment than non‐mothers or FSW with more clients in the adjusted analyses. Among treatment eligible FSW not on ART, 16/61 (26.2%) had previously been initiated but were no longer taking ART. HIV testing was common among FSW in this setting, and awareness of HIV status was relatively high, however, efforts are needed to improve ART uptake and retention in this population. Though viral suppression data were not available, this likely represents additional fall‐out from the care cascade. Disclosure to partners and family appear to be key barriers to treatment uptake. Building HIV disclosure skills and efficacy may help to improve health outcomes for FSW living with HIV and prevent onward transmission. Abstract WEAC0106LB–Figure 1. Engagement of South African FSW in the HIV care cascade. Abstract WEAC0106LB–Figure 1. Engagement of South African FSW in the HIV care cascade. Abstract WEAC0106LB–Table 1. Predictors of ART use among ART‐eligible FSW Prevalence ratio [95% CI] p‐value Adjusted prevalence ratio [95% CI]† p‐value Age (REF≥30 years) 18–29 years 0.78 [0.60–1.02] 0.069 0.87 [0.66–1.16] 0.346 Number of clients past 30 days 0–10 REF 0.074 REF 11 or more 1.24 [0.98–1.57] 0.074 1.29 [1.02–1.63] 0.032 Partnership and disclosure No non‐paying intimate partner REF – REF – Disclosed to some or all intimate partners 0.87 [0.69–1.09] 0.219 0.86 [0.69–1.08] 0.188 Has not disclosed to intimate partners 0.41 [0.19–0.87] 0.021 0.47 [0.23–0.95] 0.036 Mother No REF REF Yes 0.82 [0.62–1.08] 0.156 0.76 [0.58–0.99] 0.047 †Univariate analyses also assessed age, race, education, mobility, violence and depression. The adjusted model includes variables statistically significant at p<0.20 in univariate analyses, including variables listed, age and time since HIV diagnosis. Univariate analyses also assessed age, race, education, mobility, violence and depression. The adjusted model includes variables statistically significant at p<0.20 in univariate analyses, including variables listed, age and time since HIV diagnosis. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20556 © 2015 Schwartz S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sschwartz@jhu.edu There are few data on patient outcomes from community‐based models to deliver antiretroviral therapy (ART), with previous research focused on models for home‐based delivery. We describe outcomes of ART patients decentralized to community‐based adherence clubs (CACs) and compare outcomes with patients managed within a facility‐based model. This analysis included 8150 adults initiating ART from 2002–2012 at a public sector clinic in Gugulethu, South Africa, followed until the end of 2013. From June 2012, stable patients (ART>12 months, suppressed viral load) were referred to CACs. Kaplan‐Meier methods estimated time to outcomes among CACs stratified by gender and age (youth: 15–24 years of age and older patients: >25 years of age). Long‐term follow‐up (LTFU) was compared between CACs and facility‐based care using proportional hazards models with time‐varying covariates and inverse probability weights of CAC participation. Of the 2113 patients (68.8% female, 7.4% youth) decentralized to a CAC, 94% were retained on ART after 12‐months. After the first CAC visit, LTFU among CAC patients was 5.6 and 6.4% at 12‐months (Figure 1a) and viral rebound 2.2 and 1.5% (Figure 1c), for men and women, respectively. LTFU was higher in CACs among youth compared to older patients (Figure 1b). Youth were twice as likely to be LTFU ((adjusted hazard ratio) aHR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.26–3.73) and experience viral rebound (aHR 2.24, 95% CI 1.00–5.04) in a CAC compared to older patients. Overall, CAC participation reduced LTFU by 67% (aHR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.27–0.40) compared to facility‐based care, and this reduction persisted when stratified by patient demographic and clinic characteristics. Patients initiating ART most recently, in 2010 or 2011, had a 90% reduction in LTFU in a CAC compared to facility‐based care (95% CI 0.05–0.21). Youth were the only sub‐set of patients that did not have a significant decrease in risk of LTFU in CACs compared to the community health centre (CHC) (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.37–1.22). Community‐based Adherence Clubs appear to be associated with a decreased risk of LTFU compared to facility‐based care. More research is needed on how to expand the role of community‐based ART services and what components of these delivery models support long‐term retention. Abstract WEAD0101–Figure 1. Kaplan‐Meier plots over the first 18‐months in a Community‐based Adherance Club: (a) LTFU by gender, (b) LFTU by age, (c) Viral rebound by gender, (d) Viral rebound by age. Abstract WEAD0101–Figure 1. Kaplan‐Meier plots over the first 18‐months in a Community‐based Adherance Club: (a) LTFU by gender, (b) LFTU by age, (c) Viral rebound by gender, (d) Viral rebound by age. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20407 © 2015 Grimsrud A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: agrimsrud@gmail.com Successful treatment for HIV infection requires sustained viral suppression (SVS). Patients with undetectable HIV‐RNA levels have a significantly lower risk of clinical disease progression. And at community level viral suppression is important to reduce HIV transmission and the emergence of resistant strains. The study aimed to analyze the frequency and duration of viral suppression (VS) in the first cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) under treatment. We retrospectively evaluated data from all PLWHA uninsured adults who initiated HAART through the National Program during 2004–2006 and followed‐up until 2012. Patients with complete records in the National Laboratory Reporting System Data Base were included. The duration of VS was analyzed using survival analysis (Kaplan‐Meier) in PLWHA who achieved viral suppression. Survival time was measured between the first control with viral load ≤400 copies/ml until the presence of first interruption or failure of viral suppression (FSV) with viral load>400 copies/ml. Persons lost to follow up and those without FSV were censored. R Software 3.0.3.was used. During the study period a total of 6289 PLWHA had access to health care settings for initial evaluation and only 5142 received HAART. Of these, 4530(88%) achieved VS for variable time (responders) and 612 never presented VS (non‐responders). Cumulative survival rate was analyzed in responders: 91.1% maintained VS up to one year, 84.6% up to two years, 80.2% to three years, 77.1% to four years, 74.1% to five years and 70.1% to six years. According to survival analysis, Kaplan‐Meier curves presented lower duration of VS in young adult patients, females, persons in prisons and those who did not increase their CD4 above baseline. No differences were observed with baseline CD4 and viral load (p<0.05). This findings suggest that SVS as a programme indicator is feasible and useful for monitoring health care settings and ranking them like a control quality measure. SVS could also be included as another parameter in cascade of treatment measures. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20408 © 2015 Caballero P et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: zcaballeron@unmsm.edu.pe In a Universal Test and Treat (UTT) strategy, entry into care soon after HIV diagnosis is crucial to achieve optimal population‐antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage. We evaluated the rate of, and factors associated with, entry into care following home‐based HIV testing in a cluster‐randomized trial of the effect of immediate ART on HIV incidence in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. From March 2012 to May 2014, individuals ≥16 years in ten (2×5) clusters were offered home‐based HIV testing; those ascertained HIV‐positive were referred to TasP trial clinics and were offered universal and immediate ART (intervention clusters) or according to national guidelines (control clusters). Entry into care was defined as attending a TasP clinic within three months of referral among adults not actively in HIV care (no visit to local HIV programme within past 13 months). Associated factors were identified separately by sex, using multivariable logistic regression. Overall, 1205 adults (72.6% women) not actively in HIV care were referred to a TasP clinic. Of these, 405 (33.6%) attended a TasP clinic within three months (no difference between trial arms): 32.5% of women, 36.7% of men. Participants who ever visited the local HIV programme (n=360) were more likely to enter into care than those who didn't (women: adjusted odd‐ratio (aOR) 1.76, 95% Confidence Interval (1.26–2.45); men: 2.07 (1.18–3.64)). In women (n=875), those less likely to attend a TasP clinic within three months had completed some secondary school (0.51 (0.33–0.79)) or at least secondary school (0.47 (0.29–0.76)) versus below primary school; were living 1–2 km from a TasP clinic (0.43 (0.30–0.62)) or 2–5 km (0.40 (0.27–0.61)) versus <1 km; didn't know anyone HIV+ within their family (0.60 (0.43–0.81)) and didn't agree that it is good to initiate ART as soon as possible if infected (0.47 (0.26–0.85)); among men (n=330), none of the factors examined was significantly associated with entry into care. Only one‐third of HIV‐positive adults referred after home‐based HIV testing entered into care within three months in this rural South African community with a 30% HIV prevalence. Innovative interventions should be considered to ensure the success of a UTT strategy. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20409 © 2015 Plazy M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: melanie.plazy@isped.u‐bordeaux2.fr Retention, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) use and viral suppression are key stages in the HIV Care Continuum associated with delayed disease progression and reduced transmission. We assessed trends in these indicators within the large and diverse CCASAnet cohort over a decade. Adults from CCASAnet clinical cohorts in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico and Peru contributed data from first visit between 2003 and 2012 until final visit, death, or the end of 2012. Retention was ≥2 HIV care visits in a year, >90 days apart. cART use was prescription of a regimen of ≥3 active antiretroviral agents in a year. Viral suppression was HIV‐1 RNA<200 copies/mL at last measurement in the year. cART use and viral suppression denominators were subjects with ≥1 visit in the year. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used to assess temporal trends and predict percentages meeting each indicator in each year, adjusting for age, sex, HIV transmission mode, cohort, calendar year and total time in care. Among 18,799 individuals contributing to retention analyses, 14,380 to cART use analyses and 13,330 to viral suppression analyses, there were differences between those meeting indicator definitions versus not by most characteristics (Table 1). There were significant improvements in the indicators from 2003 to 2012: from 63 to 80% retained, 74 to 91% using cART, and 53 to 82% virally suppressed (p<0.05, each). Predicted values from adjusted models revealed similar trends (Figure 1). Female sex (risk ratio (RR)=0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 0.99 vs. males) and injection drug use (IDU) as HIV transmission mode (RR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.94 vs. male sexual contact with males (MSM)) were associated with lower retention, but unrelated with cART use or viral suppression. MSM transmission (RR=0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) decreased probability of cART use versus heterosexual transmission. HIV Care Continuum outcomes have improved over time. However, efforts must be made to improve retention, particularly among females and IDUs, and cART use must be improved among MSM. Additional research is needed to sustain progress by identifying impediments to achieving positive Care Continuum outcomes, and their causes, in these settings. Abstract WEAD0104–Table 1. Person‐years contributed and characteristics Characteristic Not Retaineda Retaineda p* Not on cARTb On cARTb p* Not virally suppressedc Virally suppressedc p* Total 22,386 67,171 <0.01 11,565 57,312 <0.01 19,369 41,271 <0.01 Age (years) 33.9 (28.2, 40.6) 36.4 (30.0, 43.9) <0.01 32.5 (27.1, 39.3) 35.5 (29.6, 42.4) <0.01 33.5 (27.7, 40.4) 36.0 (30.1, 42.9) <0.01 Male sex 14,238 (25.1) 42,487 (74.9) 0.35 8119 (16.5) 40,982 (83.5) <0.01 13,493 (31.0) 29,981 (69.0) <0.01 Female sex 8148 (24.8) 24,684 (75.2) 3446 (17.4) 16,330 (82.6) 5876 (34.2) 11,290 (65.8) MSM HIV risk 7050 (27.6) 18,503 (72.4) <0.01 5079 (18.6) 22,225 (81.4) <0.01 7537 (31.4) 16,489 (68.6) <0.01 IDU HIV risk 820 (52.7) 735 (47.3) 203 (15.1) 1141 (84.9) 349 (29.3) 842 (70.7) Hetero HIV risk 8443 (29.2) 20,495 (70.8) 4800 (16.1) 24,945 (83.9) 8921 (34.4) 17,044 (65.6) Other/unk. HIV risk 6073 (18.1) 27,438 (81.9) 1483 (14.2) 9001 (85.9) 2562 (27.1) 6896 (72.9) Individual years in care 7 (4, 9) 7 (4, 9) <0.01 6 (3, 8) 8 (5, 10) <0.01 6 (4, 9) 8 (5, 10) <0.01 Abstract WEAD0104–Figure 1. Figure in HIV care continuum outcomes in CCASAnet. Abstract WEAD0104–Figure 1. Figure in HIV care continuum outcomes in CCASAnet. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20410 © 2015 Rebeiro P F et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: p.rebeiro@vanderbilt.edu Despite known clinical and prevention benefits, ART is typically delayed by weeks‐to‐months after HIV diagnosis to allow linkage to care, HIV education, social stabilization and laboratory evaluation. The UCSF/San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) RAPID programme aimed to eliminate this delay by providing same‐day/observed ART even as HIV care was being established. We investigated consequences of the RAPID treatment initiation strategy. RAPID eligibility included new HIV diagnosis with acute/recent infection, active opportunistic infection or CD4 <200/mm3. At referral, all RAPID‐eligible or ‐ineligible patients with new diagnosis received a standard package of multidisciplinary services for social support, education, risk and stigma reduction; labs were drawn; and regular provider follow‐up was arranged. The RAPID intervention consisted of 1) same‐day access to an on‐call provider; 2) a five‐day ART supply facilitated by and 3) an accelerated process for insurance benefits. Focusing on a July 2013–December 2014 programme period, survival analysis was used to compare time to achieving viral load (VL) <200 copies/mL between patients receiving and not receiving the RAPID intervention, and also between these patients and historical controls from two eras of ART provision at SFGH: pre‐RAPID universal (2010–2013) and CD4‐guided (2006–2009). We studied 227 newly diagnosed outpatients receiving RAPID (n=39), universal (n=149) or CD4‐guided (n=39) ART. No patients had private insurance and 27% were homeless; mean (range) CD4 was 381(2–1031)/mm3 and VL 4.6 (1.6–7.0) log10 cp/mL. Time to VL <200 cp/mL was significantly faster in RAPID patients versus both contemporaneous and historical controls (p<0.001; see Figure). Median (IQR) time to VL <200 for RAPID ART was 56(40–87) days versus 119(58–201) days for universal and 283(128–777) days for CD4‐guided ART. After three months of ART, 75% RAPID versus 38% non‐RAPID patients achieved a VL <200 cp/mL; after six months, 95% RAPID versus 70% non‐RAPID patients achieved VL <200 cp/mL. Among the first 39 patients receiving RAPID ART and followed for 5–18 months, only two (5%) had toxicity‐related regimen changes, none discontinued ART and 35 (90%) remain engaged in care. Combined with patient education and psychosocial support, same day‐observed initiation of ART at the time of HIV diagnosis was feasible and associated with substantially faster sustained viral suppression. Abstract WEAD0105LB–Figure 1. Viral suppression over time by ART initiation strategy. Abstract WEAD0105LB–Figure 1. Viral suppression over time by ART initiation strategy. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20557 © 2015 Pilcher C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: cpilcher@php.ucsf.edu Health systems offer infant HIV testing as part of prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs, but are not built to systematically diagnose HIV infection in older children before symptomatic illness. Offering HIV‐infected adults attending HIV treatment programs targeted testing in home or clinic may increase early diagnosis of paediatric HIV. HIV‐infected parents attending HIV care clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Nairobi, Kenya were asked about their children's HIV status. Adults with untested children≤12 years old chose to test children either at home (HBT) or in a clinic (CBT). Multinomial relative risk regression was used to identify cofactors of testing acceptance. During the 9‐month period when targeted testing was routinely offered, approximately four times as many children were tested per month as in the previous 10‐month period (13.6 vs 3.5 per month, RR: 3.9, 95% CI: 2.8–5.5). Among 116 enrolled adults, 23 (20%) chose HBT and had 46 children tested, 48 (41%) chose CBT and had 58 children tested, and 45 (39%) did not complete testing. More adults chose CBT than HBT (p=0.003), but more children were tested per adult by HBT (2.0 vs. 1.2, p<0.001). HIV prevalence among 104 tested children was 8% overall; six infected children were identified by CBT and two by HBT (median age: 8 years (IQR: 2–11)). Compared to adults who chose CBT, adults who chose HBT were more likely to have higher income, more education, be male, have a partner, have an unemployed partner and have a partner known to be HIV negative (p<0.05), while adults who did not test their children were more likely to have higher income and have a partner who was known to be HIV negative or of unknown HIV status (p<0.05). In multivariate analyses, income and partner status remained significantly associated with testing choice. Targeting HIV‐infected parents in care increased the rate of paediatric testing and found high prevalence of paediatric HIV. CBT was preferred over HBT at this urban referral hospital. Efforts to increase paediatric HIV testing and to understand parental characteristics are important to provide timely diagnosis and linkage to care. Abstract WEAD0201–Figure 1. Active referral increases paediatric HIV testing. Abstract WEAD0201–Figure 1. Active referral increases paediatric HIV testing. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20411 © 2015 Wagner A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: anjuliwagner@gmail.com WHO recommends PITC to all in high‐burden countries. Symptom screening algorithms have been used widely for other diseases like tuberculosis. Prompt identification of undiagnosed HIV infection remains a priority in Southern Africa. We previously proposed a simple algorithm where a child is asked to respond to any of the four questions, namely, whether child 1) has previously been admitted to hospital, 2) has had recurring skin problems, 3) is a single or double orphan 4) has experienced poor health in the past three months which can be asked by any cadre at primary care level for screening older children at risk of HIV infection and requiring an HIV test. The objective of this study was to validate the performance of this algorithm in a primary care setting. All previously untested children, aged 6–15 years attending seven selected Primary Health Care Clinics of Harare, Zimbabwe, with parental/guardian consent were tested for HIV infection and asked to respond to four algorithm questions. Each positive response was scored as one. A total of 6102 (74%) children with median age 9 (IQR: 7 to 11) years, 3138 (51%) of them male, consented to an HIV test. HIV prevalence was 4.8% (95% CI: 4.2–5.3) and positivity increased successively as the score increased with those who scored zero, 55/3830 (1%); scored one, 110/1609 (7%); scored two, 80/489(16%); scored three, 26/96 (27%); scored four, 10/16(63%). A child with a score of one or more had eight times odds (95% CI: 6–11) of testing HIV positive with a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 75–85), specificity of 66% (95% CI: 64–67). Sensitivity was higher in those aged 10 years or more (86% vs. 70%, p=0.001). Overall, we needed to test 11 children to identify one HIV positive. The algorithm maintained its integrity and demonstrated that it is a sensitive tool screening older children at risk of HIV infection. The algorithm can be used by lower cadre healthcare workers and can help prioritize limited resources. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20412 © 2015 Bandason T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tbandason@brti.co.zw In 2013, it was estimated that 193,500 of children under 15 years were living with HIV in Uganda and 83% would be eligible for treatment according to WHO guidelines; recommending lifelong treatment for all children under five years and all older patient based on clinical or immunologic staging. However, despite efforts to scale up paediatric treatment, coverage remained low at 22% in 2013. Programmatic barriers to ART initiation in children include the perception that paediatric ART is complicated, unavailability of CD4 testing and difficulty in accurate clinical staging. In September 2013, Uganda adopted a “test and treat” antiretroviral therapy (ART) policy for all HIV infected children under 15 years of age to simplify recommendations and remove programmatic barriers to ART initiation in children. The MOH launched and disseminated these guidelines to all stakeholders though three day health facility based trainings and mentoring during the period January to December 2014. To evaluate the impact of this new policy a comparison was made between the number of children initiated between June and December 2013 and those initiated between January and June 2014. By December 2014, 1340 (84%) of 1600 ART providing health facilities and 17,238 health workers were trained on the new guidelines. There was 1.4‐fold increase in the number of HIV infected children newly initiated on ART from 5540 in June–Dec 2013 to 9145 in Jan–June 2014. The increase was greater among children aged 5–14 years and 2–4 years (2.4 and 1.4 fold, respectively); however, there was no change among the under two year old's (see Figure 1). Pregnant adolescents constituted 2.5% (229/9145) of children less than 15 years of age enrolled on ART in Jan–June 2014. Paediatric ART coverage has increased from 22% (43,481/193,500) in December 2013 to 27% (51,305/193,500) in June 2014. Expanding eligibility criteria increases initiation of older children on ART but to enrol those who are at higher risk of disease progression/mortality, more work needs to be done to improve early infant diagnosis (EID) and early case detection. Abstract WEAD0203–Figure 1. Children 0–14 years newly initiated on Antiretroviral therapy (July 2013 to June 2014). Abstract WEAD0203–Figure 1. Children 0–14 years newly initiated on Antiretroviral therapy (July 2013 to June 2014). 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20413 © 2015 Elyanu P et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: eleanormagongo@gmail.com Perinatally HIV‐infected children are more susceptible to vaccine preventable infections and vaccine induced immunity is less robust than in healthy children because of precocious waning of protective immunity. For this high risk population it is important to design specific vaccine schedules to define correct dosing and to set accurate correlates of protection. This survey was performed to give an overview of current vaccinations practice among paediatricians looking after vertically HIV‐infected children. An online questionnaire regarding vaccination practices in HIV‐infected children was completed by investigators from the PENTA network. Data were collected between November 2013 and March 2014. A total of 88 experts in the management of paediatric HIV‐infection from 46 different units looking after 2465 patients completed the questionnaire. The majority of units (72%) did not perform routine childhood immunizations in HIV centres. Vaccination histories were incomplete for 40% of the studied population. Influenza, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and human papilloma vaccine immunizations are widely administered (93, 89 and 83% of units, respectively). Varicella and Rotavirus vaccinations are less recommended (61 and 24% of the units, respectively). Monitoring of vaccine responses is employed in 72% of centres. Serology appears to be the most feasible assay among the different centres (90%), mostly performed with immune‐enzymatic assays. Vaccination practices for perinatally HIV‐infected children still vary widely between countries. A crucial issue is the incomplete adherence to varicella vaccine. Indeed only in few countries varicella vaccination is universally recommended for children at national. More efforts should be made to standardize mandatory and recommended vaccinations, as well as to guide timing of serological assays. The majority of units carry out immuno‐enzymatic tests to evaluate specific antibody levels. However, methods vary with different cut‐offs of protection and units of measurement employed. Moreover, especially in high risk groups (e.g. children who started late HAART or performed vaccinations before treatment), researches on the development of novel methods to assess protective immunity and accurate correlates of protection are needed. The ultimate goal will be to design individualized vaccine schedules, developed on therapeutic and immunological features of individual patients, optimizing the chances of them gaining robust long‐term vaccine induced protection. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20414 © 2015 Manno E C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: emma_m@hotmail.it Although rates of pregnancy and HIV infection are high among Kenyan adolescent women, their engagement in Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) services is poorly characterized. We hypothesized that adolescent women show lower engagement in the PMTCT cascade than adult women, from antenatal care (ANC) attendance to HIV testing and antiretroviral (ARV) uptake. We conducted a nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of mothers attending 120 maternal child health clinics selected by probability‐proportionate‐to‐size‐sampling in Kenya in July–December 2013, with a secondary survey oversampling HIV‐positive mothers in 30 clinics. Self‐report questionnaires verified by clinic booklets recorded ANC attendance, HIV testing, ARV use and maternal characteristics. Data were compared between adolescent (age<20) and adult mothers. Differences in maternal characteristics were assessed by Chi‐square test. Logistic regression was used to analyze ANC attendance and HIV testing among all women and ARV uptake among HIV‐positive women. Among 2521 mothers surveyed, 278 (12.8%) were adolescents. Adolescents were less likely than adults to have above primary education (25.0% vs. 42.9%, p<0.001), intended pregnancy (40.5% vs. 58.6%, p<0.001) and a current partner (73.1% vs. 90.9%, p< 0.001). Overall, 2471 (97.8%) reported attending ≥1 ANC visit. Among 1859 women with verified ANC visits, 898 (44.7%) attended ≥4 visits. Adolescents were less likely than adults to attend ≥4 ANC visits (35.2% vs. 45.6%, OR[95% CI]=0.65 [0.49–0.86]). This effect remained significant when adjusting for education, primigravida, pregnancy intention and HIV status (OR[95% CI]=0.59 [0.36–0.97]). Among 2359 women who attended ≥1 ANC visit and were not known to be HIV‐positive prior to pregnancy, 2298 (96.1%) received HIV testing during pregnancy. Testing rates were not significantly different between adolescents and adults. Among 288 HIV‐positive women who attended ≥1 ANC visit and were not on HAART prior to pregnancy, 20 (6.9%) were adolescents, and 243 (84.4%) used any ARVs for PMTCT. Adolescents were less likely to use ARVs than adults (65.0% vs. 85.8%, OR[95% CI]=0.31 [0.12–0.81]). Adolescent mothers showed poorer ANC attendance and lower uptake of ARVs for PMTCT. This calls for further study on barriers to ANC and PMTCT services among adolescent women and development of targeted interventions to improve uptake and retention of this vulnerable population through the PMTCT cascade. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20558 © 2015 Ronen K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: kronen@fhcrc.org Identifying patterns of health resource utilization (HRU) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) can allow for comparison of their effects on longer‐term health outcomes and costs. Further, identification of patterns associated with greater risk of attrition between stages of the cascade of care can help in the development of targeted interventions to effectively increase patient retention. We conducted a population‐level analysis of HRU for individuals having received a CD4 test after HIV diagnosis. All individuals 18 years or older in British‐Columbia in the modern HAART‐era (post‐September 2006) were included. Using linked comprehensive administrative health databases in a probabilistic model‐based clustering analysis with 14 HRU measures, we estimated parameters by maximum likelihood using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Individuals with estimated parameters maximizing the probability of belonging to a similar HRU cluster were classified with each other, and the optimal number of clusters was estimated by the Bayesian Information Criterion. The analysis was conducted across CD4 count stratification (>200 cells/mm3; <200 cells/mm3). Our study included 941 individuals with at least one year follow‐up (median age 40, 21% female) and with a CD4 count obtained between September 1st, 2006 and March 31st, 2011. Individuals with CD4<200 clustered in two HRU patterns. The high cost cluster (N=68; mean $18,169(SD$21,432)), driven by lengthy HIV‐related emergency hospitalization stays (76.5% with>7 days), had costs more than double the low cost cluster (N=147; $6811($13,592)). Individuals with CD4>200 were best classified in four clusters. The high cost cluster (N=74; $15,831($19,180)) was characterized by non‐HIV ER hospitalizations (100%≥1 day, 55.4%>7 days) and high prevalence of mental health issues. The second highest cost cluster (N=60; $5058($5152)) was characterized by short‐term non‐HIV elective hospitalizations (48.3%=1 day). The two lower cost clusters both had no hospitalizations; the higher (N=425; $3378($6454)) with much more frequent physician visits and medication use than the lowest cost cluster (N=167; $1291($7969)). Even within relatively homogeneous cohorts in terms of disease progress at time of linkage to HIV care, individuals were found to have heterogeneous HRU patterns. Identifying classes of individuals according to HRU can help inform clinical response, as well as the design of public health interventions to optimize HIV care. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20415 © 2015 Krebs E et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: ekrebs@cfenet.ubc.ca HIV prevalence is declining in all key affected populations in Armenia (people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, prisoners and female sex workers); however, there are increases among labour groups who seasonally migrate to countries of higher HIV prevalence. We conducted a modelling study to assess the impact of optimizing the national strategic plan to minimize HIV incidence and AIDS‐related deaths by 2020. We determined optimal funding levels for all programs to best achieve the strategic plan and, in particular, examined the outcomes required for migrant programs to warrant increased funding. We used the Optima model to perform epidemiological and economic analyses. Demographic, epidemiological, behavioural and HIV programme cost data were obtained for Armenia from 2000 to 2014 and used to inform the model. Through internal and external consultations, assumptions were generated on what coverage levels among targeted populations could be attained for different investments, as well as their expected outcomes. A sensitivity analysis on migrant HIV testing and counselling programs was conducted around assumptions based on observed data. According to Optima's optimization algorithm, shifts in funding allocations are required to minimize incidence and deaths by 2020. The largest emphasis should be on antiretroviral therapy (ART), as optimal allocations nearly doubled the investment in treatment from 17 to 24% of the total budget. This is projected to avert almost 25% of new infections and 50% of AIDS‐related deaths by 2020 compared to levels if 2013 spending were maintained. We show that funding for seasonal migrant programs should be maintained through to 2020 at 5% of the total budget. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that these programs are cost‐effective to fund if the coverage threshold for HIV testing and counselling for seasonal migrants, as illustrated in Figure 1B, can be achieved. Optimization of HIV/AIDS investment in Armenia could significantly reduce HIV incidence and AIDS‐related deaths by 2020, particularly by focusing more on antiretroviral therapy. We have also identified thresholds for programme performance, prior to their scale‐up, which can be used to evaluate whether they should be scaled‐up or down in the future. Country of research: Armenia Key Population: People living with HIV (PLHIV), Migrants/displaced persons/mobile populations Abstract WEAD0302–Figure 1. (a) Optimized spending to minimize HIV incidence and AIDS‐related deaths by 2020 in Armenia, (b) Sensitivity analysis of cost‐coverage for seasonal migrant HIV testing and counselling program in Armenia. Abstract WEAD0302–Figure 1. (a) Optimized spending to minimize HIV incidence and AIDS‐related deaths by 2020 in Armenia, (b) Sensitivity analysis of cost‐coverage for seasonal migrant HIV testing and counselling program in Armenia. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20416 © 2015 Kelly S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: skelly@gmail.com As performance‐based financing (PBF) gains global traction, evidence around its effectiveness to accelerate the elimination of HIV is needed. We evaluated the impact of a PBF programme implemented by Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), on the provision of HIV, PMTCT and MCH services. We also examined the temporal effects of PBF to better understand its lifecycle both in terms of onset and duration of effect. Finally, we evaluated the impact of PBF on non‐incentivized services. The impacts of PBF in Gaza (South) and Nampula (North) provinces were analyzed using a retrospective observational study design in which PBF provinces were matched with control provinces Eighteen indicators related to HIV, PMTCT and MCH services were reviewed. Due to regional heterogeneity, we evaluated the North and South as separate experiments. Beginning January 2011, up to eleven quarters of data from 134 PBF facilities after matching (84 North and 50 South) were used. Data sources include PBF programme data and health management information system data. Our econometric framework employed a multi‐period, multi‐group difference‐in‐difference model on data that was matched using propensity scoring. The regression design employed a generalized linear mixed model with both fixed and random effects, fitted using the seemingly‐unrelated regression (SUR) technique. PBF resulted in positive impacts on MCH, PMTCT, and paediatric HIV programme outcomes. The majority of the 18 indicators responded to PBF (77% North and 66% South), with at least half of the indicators demonstrating a statistically significant increase in average output of more than 50% relative to baseline. Most adult HIV (excluding pregnant women) initiation and retention indicators did not respond to PBF. On average, it took six quarters of implementation for PBF to take effect, and impact was generally sustained thereafter. Indicators were not sensitive to price, but rather inversely correlated to the level of effort associated with marginal output. No negative impacts on incentivized indicators nor spill‐over effects on non‐incentivized indicators were observed. The PBF programme in Mozambique has shown to produce large, sustained increases in the provision of PMTCT, paediatric HIV and MCH and should be considered as a powerful alternative to traditional input‐based financing. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20417 © 2015 Rajkotia Y et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: yrajkotia@collaborativedev.com At the end of 2013, about 300,000 patients were on second‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub‐Saharan Africa. The need for second‐line ART may increase substantially with increasing duration of patients on ART and roll‐out of viral load monitoring. We aimed to estimate the need of second‐line ART in sub‐Saharan Africa between 2015 and 2030 under various scenarios. We developed a mathematical simulation model of HIV progression on ART to project second‐line needs up to 2030 for individual countries. The model allows the user to vary key input parameters, including annual numbers of patients starting ART, delay in switching after detection of treatment failure, possibility of treatment interruptions, background mortality and monitoring strategies. We applied the model to all countries in sub‐Saharan Africa assuming 12 scenarios that combine different future ART scale‐up scenarios (accelerated until universal coverage; stable; no future scale‐up), monitoring (routine viral load monitoring in all or only selected countries), and retention and switching (including or excluding possibility of treatment drop‐out and delayed switching). The input parameters were chosen to fit the numbers of patients on first‐ and second‐line ART in 2005–2013 to observed estimates. If the scale‐up of ART is accelerated across the region, patients are retained in care, switching is immediate, and all countries implement routine viral load monitoring, the number of patients on second‐line ART will increase to 4.1 million by 2030 (17% of all patients on ART). In a scenario with a stable scale‐up and realistic drop‐out and switching delay, the corresponding numbers were 2.8 million (15%) with universal routine viral load monitoring, and 2.2 million (12%) with routine viral load monitoring only in selected countries. We expect that by 2030, 2–3 million people will receive second‐line ART in sub‐Saharan Africa, but the number of patients in need may be over four million. Routine viral load monitoring, timely switching and minimizing treatment interruptions will further increase the number of patients on second‐line ART. Abstract WEAD0304–Table 1. Projected number of patients on first‐ and second‐line ART in 2020 and 2030 under various scenarios 2020 2030 Universal routine viral load monitoring Targeted or routine viral load monitoring depending on country Universal routine viral load monitoring Targeted or routine viral load monitoring depending on country Future scale‐up of ART initiation Treatment interruptions and switching 1st‐line 2nd‐line 1st‐line 2nd‐line 1st‐line 2nd‐line 1st‐line 2nd‐line Accelerated scale‐up until universal No interruptions, immediate switching 18,272,800 2,480,100 19,143,300 1,672,400 19,561,700 4,144,300 20,730,300 2,992,200 coverage reached Interruptions included, delayed switching 18,334,300 1,771,300 18,869,600 1,221,200 20,161,000 3,561,500 21,143,100 2,539,400 Stable scale‐up No interruptions, immediate switching 13,306,000 1,899,200 13,807,300 1,387,100 15,717,400 3,239,100 16,397,400 2,555,600 Interruptions included, delayed switching 12,598,600 1,445,300 12,970,000 1,056,600 15,892,600 2,758,100 16,462,900 2,166,900 No future scale‐up No interruptions, immediate switching 7,655,600 1,397,200 7,447,200 987,100 7,305,900 1,757,000 7,082,000 1,352,300 Interruptions included, delayed switching 7,697,300 1,186,700 8,009,900 872,700 7,314,800 1,569,200 7,619,000 1,262,700 Abstract WEAD0304–Figure 1. Expected number of patients on first‐ and second‐line ART in four selected, unnamed, sub‐Saharan African countries. We assumed universal routine viral load monitoring, stable scale‐up of ART initiation, and included treatment interruptions and delay in switching. Curves show the model projections and the points the observed numbers. Black/grey curves and points show the total number of patients, blue curves/points the patients on first‐line ART and red/pink curves/points the patients on second‐line ART. Abstract WEAD0304–Figure 1. Expected number of patients on first‐ and second‐line ART in four selected, unnamed, sub‐Saharan African countries. We assumed universal routine viral load monitoring, stable scale‐up of ART initiation, and included treatment interruptions and delay in switching. Curves show the model projections and the points the observed numbers. Black/grey curves and points show the total number of patients, blue curves/points the patients on first‐line ART and red/pink curves/points the patients on second‐line ART. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20418 © 2015 Estill J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: olivia.keiser@ispm.unibe.ch The private sector is a key HIV service provider in Kenya, but few data on the cost of private service provision are available. The lack of cost data has inhibited the design of reimbursement mechanisms and health insurance packages, as well as policy decisions on private sector financing. This study estimated unit costs for private sector HIV services disaggregated by facility type and level, as a contribution to ongoing efforts to implement health insurance products covering HIV services. Cost and service volume data were collected from 149 private sector facilities in 2013 as part of a nationwide systematic sampling of public and private healthcare costing study supported by GIZ, the USAID‐funded Strengthening Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Project Kenya, and the Ministry of Health. The MASH (Management Accounting System for Hospitals) tool was used to analyze data. Multiple facilities were eliminated due to lack of complete data with only 60 used. Average unit costs per inpatient day and per outpatient visit were generated by sector and facility levels 2–4 (as defined by Kenya Norms and Standards 2006). HIV specific unit costs estimated included for HIV counselling and testing (HCT) services and provision of ART. The authors estimated operational costs, but were unable to estimate capital costs following lack of data. Average outpatient visits ranged from Ksh. 689 to 1036 in level 2 and level 4, respectively. ART visit costs ranged from Ksh. 1575 to 3660 across the facilities sampled. HCT visit services ranged from Ksh. 537 to 1151 across level 2 and 4 facilities, respectively. The study contributed to health financing policy discussions in the provision and financing of HIV services in Kenya. Data generated was presented to insurers and providers who expressed intentions of using it for decision making. Possible applications include design of HIV care inclusive insurance products and advising reimbursement decisions regarding the same. Providers offering HIV services can also use it to benchmark their efficiency. Due to poor record keeping in most facilities, only 60 of the 149 facilities had enough data for analysis. There's a need to support facilities to improve record keeping. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20419 © 2015 Chuma B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: bensonchuma@gmail.com A total of $29.5 billion has been allocated by PEPFAR from 2007 to 2014 through the annual country operational plan (COP) process. COPs serve as a planning tool for activities of US government and in‐country partners funded by PEPFAR. Historically, utilizing data from COPs has been difficult due to their inflexible PDF/RTF format hindering the ability to query and manipulate data, create graphical representations of the financial data or identify trends in PEPFAR allocations over time. As PEPFAR moves towards greater civil society engagement during COPs’ development, it is increasingly important that COPs’ data are readily accessible, categorizable and interpretable for civil society organizations (CSOs). Utilizing standard open source tools, amfAR – funded by MAC AIDS – created a navigable database and website of all allocation data contained in published COPs from 2007 through 2014. Data are categorized and can be graphically represented and disaggregated by year, primary partner, host country, strategic area, budget code and organizational type of recipient. Text narratives of individual budgetary mechanisms captured directly from the COPs are also included in the database and provide users with detailed information for specific allocations. In addition, epidemiological profiles and PEPFAR targets are available by country to provide context for the public health impact of investments. From 2007 through 2014, $29.5 billion was allocated through the COPs process. By organizational type, the primary recipients of PEPFAR funds were NGOs ($8.3 billion), private contractors ($5.4 billion) and universities ($3.5 billion). Another $5.5 billion was not allocated to an identifiable partner or programme. Trends varied substantially by country. In Rwanda, resources shifted dramatically to Rwandan government agencies (from 7.6% of PEPFAR resources in 2011 to 34.2% of PEPFAR resources in 2013). Comparatively, PEPFAR 2013 host government funding was lower for Kenya (10.72%), Malawi (3.66%), Nigeria (2.64%) and South Africa (0.8%). amfAR's COPs database provides corresponding financial and graphical information about progress towards country ownership and gives the most granular view to date of PEPFAR budgets. The database will be an invaluable tool to help CSOs and others digest and utilize PEPFAR budgetary information. The database is available at http://copsdata.amfar.org Abstract WEAD0306LB–Figure 1. Host Country Government Agency Allocations. Abstract WEAD0306LB–Figure 1. Host Country Government Agency Allocations. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20559 © 2015 Honermann B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: brian.honermann@amfar.org A putative case of transmission of an X4 HIV strain from a CCR5wt/wt donor to a homozygous CCR5Δ32/Δ32 recipient was retrospectively identified in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study. We collected longitudinal intrahost deep‐sequence data and applied ancestral phylogenetic reconstruction methods to characterize HIV transmission and evolution in this rare event. Pairwise genetic distances separating donor and recipient bulk plasma HIV gag, pol, nef and env‐V3 sequences were the lowest in the cohort (e.g. 0.0027 substitutions/nuc site in Gag vs. cohort median 0.06), identifying them as a putative transmission pair. The estimated transmission date (ETD), calculated as the midpoint of the recipient's last HIV‐negative and first positive dates, was Aug/01. Donor plasma/Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were available at −13, −7, −1 and +35 months from ETD; recipient plasma/PBMCs were available +5, +6 and +12 months from ETD. Env‐V3 from plasma‐RNA and PBMC‐DNA were triplicate amplified, pooled equally and deep‐sequenced (Roche 454). BEAST and HyPhy were used to reconstruct phylogenies, estimate multiplicity of infection and reconstruct transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses from plasma‐derived deep sequences from donor and recipient. Despite infection with the same X4 HIV strain, donor CD4 count was 20 cells/mm3 within 1.5 years of infection whereas the recipient's remained >270 cells/mm3. Donor/recipient plasma viral loads were comparable (~4.5 Log). All 10 ancestral reconstructions were consistent with transmission of a single X4 T/F virus between May and August 2001. The estimated T/F virus sequence was identical to the co‐dominant variant (36%) observed in the recipient's first (+5 month) timepoint. This sequence was also observed in 0.09% of donor plasma and 33.5% of PBMC at month −1, suggesting minority variant transmission. In the donor, reversion of ~60% of the total plasma virus population to an R5 phenotype occurred by 50 months post‐infection; in contrast, the recipient's dominant V3 sequence steadily diversified over time but remained consistently X4. Results highlight the utility of phylogenetic reconstruction applied to deep‐sequence data to characterize T/F viruses and intra‐host evolution in transmission pairs. Differential CD4 depletion and V3 evolution in these individuals, despite acquisition of a near‐identical X4 strain, underscores the critical role of host genetics on HIV evolution/pathogenesis. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20420 © 2015 Le A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: qal@sfu.ca Genetic stratification within specific populations may explain differences in HIV control. We explore the influence of genetic diversity on HIV disease progression in a cohort of mestizo individuals with different proportions of European (EUR), Amerindian (AMI) and African (AFR) genetic ancestry components. We estimated individual ancestry proportions in a cohort of 565 HIV clade‐B infected, antiretroviral treatment‐naïve Mexican individuals using a panel of 128 ancestry informative markers. HLA alleles and KIR genes were genotyped for each participant in order to control for already known associations with HIV control and to describe putative novel associations in different genetic context. The mean ancestral component proportions in the study cohort were 0.594 AMI, 0.38 EUR and 0.026 AFR, as previously observed in Mexican mestizo populations. We observed a negative correlation between the proportion of AMI ancestry component (p=0.0014) and a positive correlation between the proportion of EUR ancestry component (p=0.0004) and CD4 T cell counts. To try to explain these observations, we evaluated differences in frequency and effects on CD4 T cell counts of specific HLA alleles, KIR genes or HLA‐KIR combinations in EUR 60% vs. AMI 60% individuals. A*31:01, B*39:05, B*44:03 and C*07:02 showed protective effects in individuals with high EUR component, but risk effects in individuals with high AMI component (p<0.05). Most KIR genes were more protective for EUR individuals than for AMI individuals. KIR+HLA‐Bw4 combinations were more frequent in individuals with EUR component (p<0.05) while KIR+HLA‐C1 combinations were more frequent in AMI individuals (p<0.05). Interestingly, the previously observed protective associations KIR3DS1/3DL1+HLA‐Bw480Ille were not evident, neither in the entire cohort, nor in EUR individuals. KIR2DS4 in combination with HLA‐C1 seemed to be protective for individuals with higher EUR component. This is the first time that differences in HIV disease progression associated with genetic stratification are shown in a single population. Further studies involving fine stratification of genetically diverse populations, exploring expression of other genes involved in HIV control are warranted to understand differences observed in this study. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20421 © 2015 Garrido‐Rodriguez D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: danni.garrido@gmail.com HIV‐1 post‐integration latency in quiescent CD4+T cells is responsible for viral persistence despite antiretroviral treatment. It was proposed that the increase in proviral load in HIV‐infected patients after IL‐7 treatment was due to homeostatic proliferation of memory CD4+T cells. We determined previously that IL‐7 increased HIV‐1 infection through phosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of the restriction factor SAMHD1. Now we analyzed SAMHD1 phosphorylation in PBMC from patients enrolled in ACTG 5214 study (NTC00099671), in order to elucidate the role of IL‐7 in HIV‐1 proviral integration and persistence and whether this could be related to SAMHD1 inactivation. In addition, we determined that the tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor Dasatinib preserved SAMHD1 antiviral activity, avoiding IL‐7‐mediated HIV‐1 infection. PBMC samples obtained from 10 patients enrolled in ACTG 5214 study (NTC00099671), collected before (day 0) and 4 after administration of IL‐7. PBMCs obtained from two patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), on chronic treatment with Dasatinib. Resting CD4+T cells from healthy donors obtained by negative selection from PBMCs. Phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592 was determined by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Proviral integration was analyzed by TaqMan qPCR. Dasatinib (BMS‐354825, Sprycel) was provided by Bristol‐Meyers Squibb. 1) IL‐7 (1 nM) induced SAMHD1 phosphorylation, interfering with its antiviral activity. 2) IL‐7‐mediated SAMHD1 phosphorylation greatly increased HIV‐1 infection in purified CD4+T cells, increasing early and late retrotranscription, as well as proviral integration. 3) A significant increase in pSAMHD1 was observed in central memory CD4+T cells from HIV‐infected patients treated with IL‐7 (ACTG 5214). 4) Dasatinib completely inhibited SAMHD1 phosphorylation at 75 nM, interfering with HIV‐1 retrotranscription and consequently, with proviral integration. 5) CD4+T cells from patients with CML treated with Dasatinib showed lower expression of SAMHD1 phosphorylated. By inducing SAMHD1 phosphorylation, IL‐7 increases susceptibility of resting CD4+T lymphocytes to infection, leading to HIV persistence. SAMHD1 regulation plays a central role in the establishment of HIV‐1 reservoirs and represents a major target for therapeutic intervention. Dasatinib is the first compound currently used in clinic that has been described to preserve the antiviral function of an innate factor such as SAMHD1. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20422 © 2015 Alcami J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: ppalcami@isciii.es We have identified a footprint of viral Tat expression in latent HIV infected cells. Suboptimal levels of Tat arise from an IRES‐mediated translation of chimeric cell‐HIV mRNAs that arise from alternative splicing of read‐through mRNA transcripts from cellular promoters adjacent to latent integrated provirus. To simulate the role of RNA‐processing pathways in HIV latency, we recapitulated the low level Tat‐expression from cellular‐provirus read‐through transcripts present in HIV latency reporter cells that express low‐level Tat using the native IRES that underlies the first coding tat exon and a second, different Click‐Beetle‐Luciferase, expressed from a CMV‐IE promoter to test specificity. Novel compounds and drug combinations were screened to identify HIV‐specific drugs that synergize with this latent‐viral signature. HIV‐specific activation was further examined in T‐cell models. We screened 5600 compounds in a known drug library and a library comprising of 114,000 drug‐like compounds using a 293. IRES HIV‐specific reporter cell line that contained CMV‐CBG/LTR‐CBR luciferase reporter system. Hits were identified that activated the LTR‐CBR while having a minimal effect on the CMV‐CBG reporter. A rigorous selection verification included 11‐point titration in the normal and counter‐screen assay cell lines, in dsRED‐expressing J‐Lat cells, and activity in primary cell models of latent HIV. From this screening cascade, two known BET bromodomain and four HDAC inhibitors were found to significantly and specifically activate LTR promoter whereas compounds such as Vorinostat exhibited non‐specific activity and increased global transcription. Several drug combinations that target different mechanisms implicated in HIV‐1 latency were found to synergistically reactivate the virus with high potency. Importantly, seven novel compound classes were identified in the 114,000 compound library screens. Analogues of these seven classes were obtained and examined in 11‐point assay with CMV‐CBG/LTR‐CBR reporter cell lines and 106 compounds gave a clear indication of early structure‐activity relationships. Seven novel classes of HIV‐specific latency purging drugs were found that activate HIV provirus in synergy with a low intrinsic expression of HIV RNA and Tat. These novel small molecule leads warrant further development to iteratively enhance their HIV‐1 specificity and potency. We also identified new drug combinations that synergistically activate expression from the latent HIV‐1 LTR. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20423 © 2015 Purcell D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: dfjp@unimelb.edu.au Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) with uninterrupted antiretroviral therapy (ART) is being investigated as a component of HIV eradication strategies. In the two “Boston patients,” alloHSCT resulted in the disappearance of HIV in peripheral blood. However, after analytical ART interruption, viral rebound occurred. Proposed sources of HIV rebound include the latent reservoir in resting CD4+T cells and tissue macrophages. We present the case of an HIV‐infected patient, who received alloHSCT for leukaemia and experienced acute retroviral syndrome after self‐discontinuing ART post‐alloHSCT. Resting memory CD4+T‐cells obtained 16 and 1 week prior to alloHSCT were used in a limiting‐dilution viral outgrowth assay (VOA) in which each well that demonstrates viral growth contains a single replication‐competent viral clone. The pol region of virus from positive VOA supernatants was sequenced. Rebound virus from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also analyzed using deep‐sequencing (Roche 454) of pol. Sequences were aligned and maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the GTR+G model of evolution with 100 bootstrapping pseudoreplicates. The patient had undetectable plasma HIV and achieved 100% donor chimerism at week 12 post‐alloHSCT, but then became non‐adherent with ART. At five months, the patient presented with fever and meningoencephalitis. Plasma and CSF HIV levels were 25,500 and 17,000 copies/mL, respectively. Before alloHSCT, 31 sequences were isolated from the VOA. At rebound, 14,645 and 5003 sequence reads were obtained from CSF and blood respectively and were combined into consensus sequences using a cut‐off of>0.2% of total sequence reads. An identical sequence found at both pre‐alloHSCT timepoints accounted for 9/31 (29%) of independent VOA sequences. This sequence grouped with the plasma and CSF viral rebound sequences in a monophyletic clade with high sequence homology. Despite 100% donor chimerism in peripheral blood, ART interruption led to HIV rebound in plasma and CSF. Rebound virus was identical to a pre‐alloHSCT isolate which compromised nearly 1/3 of the latent CD4+T‐cell reservoir sampled. This unique case suggests that recipient cells persist at early time‐points after alloHSCT and that a single viral population latent in resting memory CD4+T cells can re‐establish infection. Abstract MOPDA0105–Figure 1. ML Tree. Abstract MOPDA0105–Figure 1. ML Tree. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20424 © 2015 Capoferri A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: alongwi2@jhmi.edu Viral outgrowth assay (VOA) is a widely used culture assay to measure the latent HIV‐1 reservoir harbouring replication‐competent HIV‐1 in resting CD4+ T cells in patients on HAART. However, the assay is costly, and both labour and resource intensive. To overcome some of these issues with the VOA, we designed an assay using ultra deep sequencing (UDS), which directly analyzes the number of different sequences of the induced viruses to score the number of latently HIV‐infected resting CD4+ T cells. In this study, we tested the premise whether the viral sequences derived from two different proviruses are genetically distinct, since the assay involves a bulk culture. To analyze viruses derived from different VOA culture wells scored as p24 positive, the viral samples derived from different culture wells were assigned with a specific Barcode and subjected to sequence analysis of the V1–V3 region of env sequences using the Primer ID‐based paired‐end MiSeq platform. A total of nine patient samples, two acute and seven chronic, were analyzed by UDS. Phylogenetic trees were generated by using consensus sequences created from sequences with the identical Primer ID and were used to detect distinct viral lineages present in the individual culture supernatant. For chronic patient samples, IUPM values were determined by using distinct viral lineages detected and the adjusted number of patient‐derived resting CD4+ T cells used for VOA. Approximately 50% of the viral lineages derived from each chronic patient were distinct. In contrast, all viral lineages derived from each acute patient were homogeneous. When IUPM values determined by UDS analysis were compared to the IUPM values obtained from VOA, we observed approximately twofold higher IUPM values than the IUPM values determined by VOA. We also observed a significant positive correlation between the number of viral lineages observed per well and the number of resting T cells present per well. The results suggest that approximately 50% of the viral lineages induced from different cells derived from chronic patients were distinct. Thus, the UDS assay is applicable for samples derived from chronic patients. The multiplexing ability of the assay improves the efficiency for the throughput capacity. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20560 © 2015 Lee S‐K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sooklee@med.unc.edu Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission, and intravaginal practices (IVP), the practice of cleansing the vagina for hygienic, health or sexuality reasons, is the primary risk factor for developing BV. This study examines the relationship between BV, IVP and lower genital HIV shedding in HIV infected women in Zambia. Participants were HIV‐1 infected women, older than 18 years and living in Lusaka, Zambia. Participants completed audio computer administered self‐interviews questionnaires assessing demographic, sexual risk factors and IVP. BV was diagnosed by gram stain of vaginal secretions using Nugent criteria. HIV‐1 plasma viremia and genital shedding was assessed by measuring HIV‐1 RNA in plasma and cervico vaginal lavages using real time PCR. One hundred and twenty‐eight HIV‐1 infected women were enrolled. Mean age was 37 years (range 24–60). Most had a stable male sex partner (126; 98%), and the majority of male partners had HIV infection (86; 67%). About one third (44; 34%) reported more than one partner in the prior year. All participants had engaged in IVP in the prior month, and over 90% used IVP daily. Ninety‐eight participants (76%) had abnormal vaginal flora (Nugent score of 4–10); and 80 (62%) had BV (Nugent score 7–10). HIV‐1 plasma viremia was detected in 26 participants (20%) (median=8.4 log copies/mL, range=3.9–14.5). HIV‐1 genital shedding was detected in 18 participants (14%) (median=6.7 log copies/mL, range=3.6–12.7). In multivariate analysis, daily IVP were associated with BV (OR=7.9, CI=1.54–40.8, p<0.01) and plasma viremia was associated with HIV‐1 genital shedding (OR=7.23, CI=2.43–21.37, p<0.01). Demographic, sexual risk factors, IVP or BV were not associated with HIV genital shedding. BV was common in this sample of women with HIV infection and occurred in women engaging in frequent IVP. Neither BV nor IVP increased HIV genital shedding in women on suppressive antiretrovirals. Effective antiretroviral therapy remains the main strategy to prevent HIV female genital shedding and risk of subsequent HIV transmission. Further research in women with detectable plasma viremia is needed to examine how IVP and BV affect the vaginal mucosa and increase HIV transmission. Study was funded by NIH, K23HD074489. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20425 © 2015 Alcaide M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: malcaide@med.miami.edu Eighty percent of HIV‐positive (HIV+) women are of childbearing age, therefore access to effective, safe contraception is essential. Generally, intrauterine device (IUD) provide safe, effective contraception but historically, IUDs were contraindicated in HIV+ women due to concerns regarding infection. Data in HIV+ women are scarce. The goal was to assess rate of complications for IUS insertion in HIV+ women. IUDs insertions in HIV+ women were offered at Oak Tree Clinic (the provincial referral centre for HIV+ women and children) since 2009, following strict clinical evaluations for eligibility. Criteria used for insertion were: not planning a pregnancy for at least one year; requesting a reversible contraceptive, wanted/needed to avoid oestrogen‐based methods and CD4>150. STD screening was done in all cases. Demographic information collected included: age, CD4, ARV at insertion and purpose of IUD (contraception vs. cycle control). Data was reviewed from 44 sequential women given IUDs from 2009 to 2014 with ages 17– 48. CD4 count 160–1230 (median 590); 32/44 (73%) had viral loads <40 c/ml, 9 women had detectable VL between 89–126,908 c/ml. 7 were not on ARV therapy. 2 were on ARV but struggled with adherence and were detectable. 3/44 had a copper IUD. 40/44 had a hormonal IUD. 1 had a hormonal followed by a copper IUD. 3 IUDs were inserted for menorrhagia. 1 IUD was for combined therapeutic and contraceptive purposes. 5 requested the hormonal IUD removed not related to reproductive plans. 1 refused reinsertion when the expired hormonal IUD was removed. Complications included four IUD expulsions (9%) (three spontaneous; one partial within the cervix). The rate of expulsion in general population is 6%. One IUD was removed by hysteroscopy due to upward migration of strings and myometrial embedment. One IUD accidentally pulled out during intercourse and required emergent reinsertion of a new device. No IUD related infections or other serious complications occurred, regardless of CD4 count. In this small series of HIV+ women, IUDs were safe and well tolerated. This method of contraception should remain an option for HIV+ women if close follow up of short and long term complications can be followed. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20426 © 2015 Vicol L A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: lvicol@cw.bc.ca Ensuring safe, effective contraception for women with HIV‐1 is a public health imperative. Some data suggest that antiretroviral therapy (ART) may diminish the effectiveness of certain contraceptive methods, particularly implants. Combining data from 5282 HIV‐infected women participating in three longitudinal studies (Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study, Couples Observation Study and Partners PrEP Study) from seven countries in Africa between 2004 and 2012, we calculated incident pregnancy rates among women using different contraceptive methods (implant, injectable and oral) and compared those to rates among women using no contraception. Multivariable Cox regression models controlled for confounding factors, and the interaction between each contraceptive method and ART use was tested to assess if ART diminished contraceptive effectiveness. During follow‐up (median 1.8 years, IQR 1.2–2.3), 9% of women ever used implant, 41% used injectables (primarily depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)), 15% used oral pills and 47% never used hormonal contraception. Additionally, 31% of women ever used ART during follow‐up, including 23% using nevirapine and 5% using efavirenz. Among women not using contraception, pregnancy rates were 13.2 and 22.5 per 100 women‐years for those on and not on ART, respectively. Use of implants reduced the risk of pregnancy by more than 90%, both among women on ART (aHR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.45) and not on ART (aHR 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.11). Likewise, injectables reduced pregnancy risk (aHR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09–0.35 on ART and aHR 0.20, 95% CI 0.16–0.24 not on ART), as did oral contraceptives by a lesser degree (aHR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.91 on ART and aHR 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.47 not on ART). We found no statistical evidence that ART use diminished contraceptive effectiveness, including for nevirapine and efavirenz, although sample size was limited for assessing specific ART agents. In this large prospective evaluation of three studies, modern contraceptive methods were highly effective in reducing pregnancy risk in HIV‐infected women, including those concurrently using ART. While limited evidence from other studies suggests that some ART agents could diminish the effectiveness of contraceptive implants, these data emphasize that implantable contraception is highly effective compared to no contraception and more so than shorter‐acting methods such as injectables and oral pills. Abstract MOPDB0103–Table 1. Contraceptive effectiveness, by ART status and type Progestin use ART Use # Pregnancies Person‐years Incidence rate (per 100 person‐years) aHR* (95% CI), reference no contraception p‐value for interaction term No contraception On ART 111 843.5 13.2 – – No contraception No ART 1067 4733.6 22.5 – – Implant On ART 1 94.1 1.1 0.06 (0.01, 0.45) 0.73 Implant No ART 7 507.8 1.4 0.05 (0.02, 0.11) Injectable On ART 11 332.8 3.3 0.18 (0.094, 0.35) 0.79 Injectable No ART 111 2100.2 5.3 0.20 (0.16, 0.24) Oral pills On ART 5 81.2 6.2 0.37 (0.15, 0.91) 0.97 Oral pills No ART 63 573.1 11.0 0.36 (0.28, 0.47) Total 1376 9266.3 14.8 – – 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20427 © 2015 Pyra M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mpyra99@uw.edu A large and increasing number of HIV‐infected women are conceiving while taking antiretrovirals (ARVs) globally. In resource‐limited settings, surveillance systems, if present, often are limited to the initial birth exam. We used pre‐randomization data from May 2011 to December 2014 from an ongoing clinical trial of infant cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Botswana. Enrolments of live‐born infants of HIV‐infected women occurred after delivery, so long as the mother consented to infant participation and no infant life‐threatening conditions were identified at birth. Infants were examined by study staff at delivery, and monthly in the first three months of life, and congenital anomalies were documented. We present a descriptive analysis of anomalies identified after the initial birth exam. Of 2935 HIV‐infected women enrolled in the Mpepu study who delivered live‐born infants, newborn exams were documented on 2900 (99%) infants. ART from conception was documented for 1088 (38%) women; 1147 (40%) started ARVs during pregnancy; 442 (15%) women received AZT monotherapy; and 223 (7%) received no ARVs during pregnancy. A total of 28 congenital anomalies were identified, and 8 (29%) were first diagnosed at a visit after the initial birth exam (Table 1). No differences were identified in the number of infants with or without congenital abnormalities by ARV exposure group in pregnancy, but the study was underpowered to detect differences in rare outcomes. Identification of congenital anomalies after the birth exam occurred either because the anomaly was not readily apparent at birth (e.g. biliary atresia), or because an externally‐identifiable anomaly was overlooked at birth but subsequent parental concern led to documentation and management of the anomaly. ARV use in pregnancy warrants ongoing surveillance monitoring for teratogenicity, particularly for regimens such as EFV/FTC/TDF with insufficient safety data in pregnancy. Nearly one third of birth anomalies detected in this cohort of well children were diagnosed after the initial birth exam. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating, where possible, longitudinal assessment and reporting for detection of congenital anomalies that may not be identifiable at the birth exam. Abstract MOPDB0104–Table 1. Congenital anomalies Case # Description of congenital anomaly Presenting symptom Timing of diagnosis from birth 1 Anovestibular fistula Stool in urine 42 days 2 Biliary atresia Jaundice at birth 48 days 3 Biliary atresia Jaundice at birth 38 days 4 Congenital Lymphedema Bilateral leg swelling 15 days 5 Jejunal atresia Failure to pass stool with abdominal distension and vomiting 5 days 6 Macrocephaly Widening of fontanelle and increasing head size 85 days 7 Pyloric stenosis Projectile vomiting 25 days 8 Talipes equino valgus Concern expressed by mother about position of foot 60 days 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20428 © 2015 Ajibola G et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 While community mobilization (CM) is a powerful tool to increase and sustain demand for HIV testing services, few rigorous trials of CM interventions have been conducted. We implemented a theory‐driven CM intervention in order to improve HIV outcomes in 22 communities participating in a community randomized trial (CRT) in a rural area of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The mobilization activities were designed to improve community collaboration to address HIV and inequitable gender norms. Cross‐sectional surveys were conducted with 50–55 residents ages 18–35 in each village prior to (n=1181; 2012) and following (n=1174; 2014) two years of intensive intervention activities in half of the villages. Intervention activities mapped onto six domains of CM: 1) shared concern around HIV, 2) community consciousness, 3) organizational structures, 4) leadership, 5) community cohesion and 6) collective action. Validated domain measures were included in the surveys and mean community CM scores were computed and used to predict HIV testing in the past year for each domain and for total CM scores. We used GEE logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of village level CM domain scores on individual‐level testing outcomes and included interaction terms to assess intervention effects at follow‐up. The overall CM score as well as three of six CM domains, including consciousness, concerns, collective action, were significantly associated with HIV testing following the intervention and interacted with intervention assignment. For example, for every standard deviation increase in community consciousness, the odds of HIV testing increased for intervention village participants (OR: 1.36, p=<0.01) but not for control village participants. Similar findings for total CM score (OR: 1.51), shared concerns (OR: 1.62) and collective action (OR: 1.45) indicate that the intervention successfully improved HIV testing. Leadership, presence of organizations and community cohesion were not significantly associated with HIV testing at end line. To our knowledge this is the first CRT assessing a theory‐based CM intervention including quantitative measures of CM domains over time. While not all of the six domains were associated with HIV testing uptake, we found clear evidence that communities can be mobilized and that CM measures are associated with improved engagement in HIV testing. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20429 © 2015 Lippman S A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sheri.lippman@ucsf.edu Despite widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), demand for HIV testing remains low across southern Africa. HIV testing may be viewed as a signal of HIV status. Those who seek an HIV test may be rejected by potential sexual partners who fear contracting HIV. This could discourage HIV testing and encourage travel far from home for HIV testing to avoid being seen. Such stigma may be exacerbated by unawareness of the public benefit of ART, that is, its capacity to reduce HIV transmission by 96%. We evaluated an information experiment designed to increase HIV testing rates by reducing stigma. We conducted a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in Malawi. We held community health information meetings in all villages. In control villages (n=62), we provided information on the private benefits of ART, including its potential to prolong life and reverse AIDS symptoms. In intervention villages (n=60), the public benefit of ART was discussed in addition to the control message. Among those aged 15–49, there was a significantly larger uptake of HIV testing in the intervention villages (intervention 2.6% vs. control 1.6%; p=0.0035), according to routinely collected data from 18 health facilities over a period of three months after the intervention. This effect was significant for men and women, and larger when corrected for spill‐overs. The intervention led to a large shift in beliefs about ART, as measured by a survey five months after the intervention. Respondents in intervention villages were more likely to report accepting attitudes towards sexual partners on ART. High beliefs about the public benefit of ART were associated with significantly more tests at nearby clinics. HIV testing decisions were predicted by a respondent′s perception of his/her community's beliefs about ART. These observations strongly suggest that the effect of the intervention on HIV testing uptake is mediated by a reduction in stigma. The results demonstrate that stigma between sexual partners is a significant barrier to HIV testing, and that providing new information on the effect of ART on HIV transmission can increase testing uptake. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20430 © 2015 Derksen L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: l.c.derksen@lse.ac.uk HIV self‐testing has the potential to increase HIV testing and thereby decrease the time persons living with HIV are unaware of their status, but the absence of counselling may result in increased risk of HIV acquisition. In Seattle, Washington, we randomly assigned 230 HIV‐negative men who have sex with men (MSM) at high risk for HIV acquisition in a 1:1 ratio to have access to HIV self‐testing using the OraQuick ADVANCE Rapid HIV‐1/2 Antibody Test on oral fluids or to testing as usual for 15 months. Men randomized to self‐testing were trained to use the test and provided a self‐test at baseline; they could contact the study for additional tests as needed up to once a month. All participants were advised to test quarterly, offered testing reminders and could test through any existing HIV testing source. The primary outcome was self‐reported number of HIV tests during follow‐up. To evaluate potential adverse effects of self‐testing, we compared the following between the two arms: non‐concordant condomless anal intercourse (CAI) and number of male CAI partners in the last three months (measured at 9 and 15 months) and diagnosis with a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) at the final study visit (15 months). Men randomized to self‐testing reported significantly more HIV tests during follow‐up (mean=5.3, 95% CI=4.7–6.0) than those in the control arm (3.6, 3.2–4.0; p<0.0001), representing an average increase of 1.7 tests per participant over 15 months. Men randomized to self‐testing reported using an average of 3.9 self‐tests during follow‐up. Self‐testing was non‐inferior to clinic‐based testing with respect to markers of HIV acquisition risk. At the final study visit, 5.4% of MSM randomized to self‐testing were diagnosed with a bacterial STI compared with 12.2% of control participants (risk difference=−6.8%; 95% CI=−16 to +1.6%). There were no significant differences between the two arms in the proportion of men reporting non‐concordant CAI or the reported number of male CAI partners in the last three months at 9 and 15 months. Access to free HIV self‐testing increased testing frequency among high risk MSM and did not impact sexual risk behaviour or STI acquisition. Abstract MOPDC0103–Figure 1. Distribution of self‐reported HIV tests by arm. Abstract MOPDC0103–Figure 1. Distribution of self‐reported HIV tests by arm. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20431 © 2015 Katz D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: dkatz7@u.washington.edu Transgender women are the population most impacted by HIV in the United States, with prevalence approximately 40 times higher than the general population. The rates of HIV antibody testing in the transgender community are not commensurate with risk. Development of alternative testing strategies to ensure early detection, care and prevention of infection is critical. We conducted a pilot study to explore feasibility and acceptability of offering home‐based, self‐conducted HIV testing for transwomen. Fifty HIV‐negative transwomen in San Francisco were provided with OraQuick oral HIV self‐test kits and asked to utilize the tests once a month for three months. Survey data were collected at baseline, one month and three months. In‐depth‐interviews (IDIs) were conducted with 11 participants at their final visit to learn more about self‐testing experiences, barriers to self‐testing and how the self‐test might fit into an expanded pool of testing options. Self‐testing was both feasible and acceptable: following the first test 94% reported the test easy to use; 93% said the results were easy to read; and 91% said they would recommend the self‐test to others. Acceptability remained high at three months. Approximately 25% used the test kit with others present and 68% reported preference for self‐tests versus clinic‐based testing. IDIs revealed tension between a desire for the privacy afforded by self‐testing and a desire for the social and resource support offered at health facilities. While most participants were comfortable accessing services and had been tested recently (88% in the past year), IDIs revealed apprehension about being seen at HIV‐testing clinics. Qualitative data also indicated that partner testing was of interest and that the cost of the kits could discourage future utilization. The home‐based, self‐conducted HIV test provides a viable option for populations who prefer to avoid the clinic environment. To increase acceptability, enhanced linkage strategies to social and resource support should be considered. The current price point is inaccessible for populations that experience disproportionate economic marginalization. Interest in partner testing could represent an opportunity to package tests in pairs and an expanded opportunity for testing uptake. Additional research should focus on expanding delivery options and implementation strategies. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20432 © 2015 Lippman S A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sheri.lippman@ucsf.edu HIV self‐testing (HIVST) can potentially increase uptake of testing in a low‐cost, confidential and non‐stigmatizing manner. Rigorous evaluation of instructional materials for accurate self‐testing has rarely been conducted. In preparation for implementation and scale‐up of HIVST in Zimbabwe, we have adapted and iteratively refined instructional materials to support self‐testing. Here we present results from our evaluation of these materials through supervised self‐testing. Participants were recruited at an HIV testing clinic using convenience sampling. They were given the instructional materials and left alone to complete their self‐test and record the result. Confirmatory rapid testing after HIVST, and pre‐ and post‐test questionnaires to evaluate their experience were conducted. The testing process was video recorded and videos analyzed using checklists. Data were evaluated weekly and IEC materials iteratively refined accordingly to optimize accuracy. We conducted 172 supervised self‐tests among participants in urban Harare, with mean age of 30 (range 18–70), 53% female and 20% first‐time testers. Overall 93% read their result accurately, in some cases despite failing to follow instructions as determined by video. Six percent were unable to determine their result. One percent got inaccurate results, including one HIV+ individual on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who followed instructions correctly as determined by video. While most (88%) reported the test was not hard to use, 23% said some instructions were unclear, resulting in modifications to the materials. Common sources of confusion were in interpreting results, the purpose of the test kit desiccant and unclear images/language. Low literacy was associated with unsure/invalid results, prompting revision of the materials for a rural, less literate setting. There, among 29 participants, 3% were unable to determine their results and 31% got an inaccurate result. Materials have been further revised making them almost entirely pictorial, and supervised self‐testing is ongoing. Though there is little published research on optimizing HIVST materials, we found that thorough evaluation of materials through supervised self‐testing has been critical to optimizing accuracy. Numerous revisions were required, and evaluation in different settings yielded differing results. Rigorous development and testing of HIVST supportive materials appropriate to country and setting is recommended prior to implementation of HIVST programs. Abstract MOPDC0105–Table 1. HIV results among 172 participants in Harare Participant‐read HIVST Staff‐read HIVST Confirmatory test HIV negative 146 150 (146+3 unsure+1 transcription error*) 156 (149+7 invalid HIVST) • 160/172=93% got an accurate HIVST result
• 2/172=1% got an inaccurate HIVST result*
• 10/172=6% unable to decipher their HIVST result.
7 (4%) of these had performed the test incorrectly,
3 (2%) could not interpret their result HIV positive 16* 15 16 HIV unsure 5 0 0 HIV invalid 5 7 0 *One was a participant transcription error – she was clear in her post‐HIVST interview that she thought she was HIV negative. The second was someone on ART who tested negative via self‐test and positive in confirmatory testing. One was a participant transcription error – she was clear in her post‐HIVST interview that she thought she was HIV negative. The second was someone on ART who tested negative via self‐test and positive in confirmatory testing. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20433 © 2015 Mavedzenge S N et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: smavedzenge@rti.org Partner notification (PN) for control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a public health strategy which notifies the partners of infected individuals of their possible exposure to disease. PN has rarely been used in sub‐Saharan Africa as an HIV prevention intervention. In Cameroon, patients newly diagnosed with HIV do not usually receive assistance in notifying their sex partners leading to low partner disclosure and poor partner involvement in prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT). In 2012, the World Health Organization issued new guidelines in PMTCT including Option B+which recommends that all HIV positive pregnant women (PW) be placed on antiretroviral treatment for life irrespective of CD4 count. PN was integrated into PMTCT at 22 pilot Option B+sites as a strategy to increase male partner disclosure, notification, testing and linkage to care. Beginning in March 2013, Trained Health Advisors (HA) at the 22 B+sites interviewed consenting HIV‐positive PW about their sexual partners in the last two years and facilitated disclosure or confidentially informed their partners that they had been exposed to HIV. The HAs pre‐test counselled the partners and offered HIV testing in the clinic, their home or other location. They then educated both index cases and their partners on HIV prevention and risk reduction and linked all HIV positive partners to care and treatment. During the 18 months, uptake was monitored monthly and 823 PW tested HIV positive at the 22 option B+sites (Figure 1). Of the 840 partners they identified, 693 (82.5%) were traced and notified of their exposure to HIV. Of the 693 notified, 421 (60.8%) did their HIV test and received results. A total of 139 (33.0%) of those tested were HIV positive and 138 (99.3%) were linked to appropriate C&T services. HIV negative partners (67.0% of those tested) were counselled on risk reduction. Male partner involvement increased greatly at seven of ten sites monitored. PN is a feasible HIV prevention strategy in resource‐limited settings which can identify and test many partners of HIV positive PW. PN can be integrated into Option B+PMTCT programs to identify HIV positive partners who are placed on treatment alongside the HIV positive PW. Abstract MOPDC0106–Figure 1. Uptake of PN services at 22 B + sites. Abstract MOPDC0106–Figure 1. Uptake of PN services at 22 B + sites. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20434 © 2015 Muffih P T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: piustih@cbchealthservices.org Eastern Europe and Central Asia face a rapidly escalating HIV epidemic driven by injection drug use (IDU). We evaluate the role of opioid substitution treatment (OST) in engaging HIV‐infected people who inject drugs (PWID) in care and the effect of OST on utilization of medical services. Cross‐sectional study of healthcare utilization in the past six months among 296 randomly sampled HIV‐infected opioid‐dependent PWID conducted in healthcare clinics in 2010 across Ukraine. Participants categorized as therapeutic on OST if on OST for at least three consecutive months prior to the past six months or as not taking OST if not on any OST in the past nine months. Based on this criterion, 24 individuals were excluded. The 65% on OST (177/272) were less likely to be below the poverty line or live alone and more likely to be married or have gone to prison (p<0.05). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, gender, or education. Those on OST had more years of opioid injection but were less likely to have injected in the past 30 days, to have engaged in poly‐substance abuse, or to have ever overdosed on drugs (p<0.01). In the past six months, those on OST were less likely to seek emergency care (72% vs. 84%, p<0.05) and had fewer mean emergency care visits (2.77 vs. 4.57, p<0.02) with no significant differences in mean ambulatory visits (1.78 vs. 0.59, p=0.11) or hospitalizations (0.53 vs. 0.34, p=0.36). Those on OST were more likely to be engaged in HIV care, as evidenced by higher rates of antiretroviral therapy ART (37% vs. 26%, p=0.08), recent CD4 testing (82% vs. 60%, p<0.01), and recent TB testing (95% vs. 71%, p<0.01). Number of self‐reported symptoms was higher in the non‐OST group compared to those on OST (10.46 vs. 7.75, p<0.01). Limitations include cross‐sectional design and potential for recall and social desirability biases. Despite higher rates of incarceration and more years of opioid injection, those therapeutic on OST were less likely to seek emergency care than those not on OST and more likely to be engaged in HIV care with fewer overall symptoms. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20435 © 2015 Bachireddy C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: chet86@gmail.com Prior studies indicate that opioid substitution treatment (OST) reduces the risk of mortality and improves the odds of accessing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), however the relative effects of these treatments for injection drug using people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) are unclear. We aim to determine the independent and joint effects of OST and HAART on mortality, by cause, within a population of injection drug using PLHIV initiating HAART. We used a linked population‐level administrative database for British Columbia, Canada (1996–2010) to form a cohort of injection drug using PLHIV. We selected all individuals identified as HIV‐positive and either having a history of OST at initial HAART receipt, as indicated by methadone or buprenorphine dispensation records in the BC PharmaNet database or having an indication of injection drug use before HIV infection, as indicated in the HIV testing database. We employed time‐to‐event analytic methods, including competing risks models, proportional hazards models with time‐varying covariates, and marginal structural models, to identify the independent and joint effects of OST and HAART on all‐cause, as well as drug‐ and HIV‐related mortality, controlling for covariates. Among 1727 injection drug using PLHIV, 493 (28.5%) died during a median 5.1 years (interquartile range: 2.1–9.1) of follow‐up: 18.7% due to drug‐related causes, 55.8% due to HIV‐related causes, and 25.6% due to other causes. Standardized mortality ratios were 12.2 (95% CI: 9.8, 15.0) during OST, and 30.0 (27.1, 33.1) during periods out of OST. Both OST (adjusted hazard 0.34 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.49)) and HAART (0.39 (0.31, 0.48)) decreased the hazard of all‐cause mortality; however, individuals were at lowest risk of death when these medications were used jointly (0.16 (0.10, 0.26)). Both OST and HAART independently protected against not only HIV‐related death, but also drug‐related death and death due to other causes. While both OST and HAART are life‐saving treatments, there is an urgency to ensure joint administration to protect against both drug and HIV‐related mortality. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20436 © 2015 Nosyk B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: bnosyk@cfenet.ubc.ca Mexico's innovative 2009 “narcomenudeo” law decriminalized small‐scale drug possession, mandating drug treatment diversion in lieu of incarceration and reframing drug policy to facilitate HIV prevention. However, the US‐Mexico Border region continues to experience elevated HIV risk related to syringe sharing, while evidence‐based addiction treatment and other prevention services targeting people who inject drugs (PWID) remain critically under‐resourced. We designed a longitudinal cohort study to assess the implementation of this structural intervention among at‐risk PWID in Tijuana. This mixed‐methods research programme integrated a structured questionnaire and laboratory testing with qualitative interviews assessing legal knowledge, police encounters, drug and sex risk behaviours, and infectious disease status. At baseline, 737 PWID were recruited in Tijuana; 32 participated in qualitative interviews. Between 2010 and 2013, only 11% of PWID respondents reported being aware of drug decriminalization; virtually none experienced drug treatment diversion or the law's other operational components. Interviews underscored the law's irrelevance to PWID; 699 (98%) characterized police practices as typically inconsistent with formal law. Instead of diversion to addiction treatment, multivariate modelling suggested that police encounters are independently associated with increased HIV risk behaviours such as syringe sharing (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.09–1.46) and poly‐drug use (OR=2.11; 95% CI=1.38–3.22). Qualitative data underscored the dissonance between the formal legal standards for drug and syringe possession, treatment diversion and other public health‐oriented legal provisions on the one hand, and the lived experience of drug users on the other. Interviews mapped out a number of pathways by which arbitrary police enforcement severely undermine drug users’ ability to engage in protective HIV behaviours. Mixed‐methods findings reveal that, just as housing instability can aggravate HIV risk, the lack of predictability in one's legal environment—also known as a “weak rule of law”—can compound HIV risk. Formal drug policy reform may be necessary in many settings to reduce HIV risk among PWID, but appears insufficient as a stand‐alone intervention. As policy interventions intended to facilitate HIV prevention gain global momentum, ancillary structural reforms such as police training to improve the rule of law are needed to unlock their public health potential. Operational partnerships with law enforcement are discussed. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20437 © 2015 Beletsky L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: lbeletsky@ucsd.edu In 2011, the government of Tanzania established methadone assisted therapy (MAT) to combat the dual epidemic of HIV and injection drug use. However, enrolment of females who inject drugs into MAT has lagged behind that of males. To address this inequity, the methadone clinic at Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) introduced low threshold services for females in January 2013, allowing women to bypass the historically required attendance at community‐based organizations prior to enrolment. Furthermore, existing female clients were encouraged to recruit their peers and one‐day of the week was set aside for enrolling female clients only. We conducted an interrupted time‐series study to evaluate the impact of implementing low threshold services for females enrolling into MAT, using de‐identified, routinely collected data from November 2012 to October 2014 at MRRH. Prais‐winsten regression models were utilized to estimate the mean change in the proportion of clients that were female and the weekly number of females enrolling, adjusting for male enrolment and a period of MAT enrolment interruption form July–November 2013. Overall, 759 clients enrolled into the methadone clinic during the study period. Of those enrolling, the mean age was 34 years. The mean number of people enrolling into methadone during the study period was 8 clients (95% CI: 7, 9) per week. After implementation of low threshold services, the proportion of female clients increased from 14% (95% CI: 13%, 15%) to 24% (95% CI: 23%, 25%; p=0.001), but after the enrolment interruption, the proportion of female methadone clients decreased slightly to 22% (21–22%). Adjusting for male enrolment, the mean number of females enrolling per week was 2 (95% CI: 1–3; p=0.001) people per week higher as compared to before implementation. Following the enrolment stoppage, the average number of female enrollees was comparable to pre‐intervention (mean change: 0; 95% CI:–1, 1; p=0.442). Implementation of low threshold services improved enrolment into the methadone programme among women, thereby increasing the proportion of female methadone clients. However, the gains in enrolment were attenuated after an enrolment interruption, highlighting the importance of programme stability with this group of clients. Abstract MOPDD0104–Figure 1. Lowess smooth of the percentage of female methadone clients. Abstract MOPDD0104–Figure 1. Lowess smooth of the percentage of female methadone clients. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20438 © 2015 Lambdin B H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: blambdin@pgaf.org Among illicit drug users, renewed efforts to reduce high levels of HIV/AIDS‐related morbidity and mortality and curb rates of viral transmission rely, in part, on earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, there are concerns that starting treatment prior to immunosuppression for members of harder‐to‐treat groups could contribute to lower levels of treatment adherence and lead to impaired virologic response. Thus, we sought to evaluate trends in CD4 cell count at ART initiation over time and rates of subsequent virologic response among HIV‐positive illicit drug users during a community‐wide Treatment‐as‐Prevention campaign in Vancouver, Canada. We used data from the ACCESS study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort of HIV‐positive illicit drug users linked to comprehensive HIV clinical monitoring and pharmacy dispensation records. In this retrospective study, we included all individuals who initiated ART from 2005 onwards. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate differences in mean CD4+ cell count at initiation by year of initiation. To estimate time to plasma HIV‐1 RNA viral load <50 copies/mL by CD4 cell count at ART initiation, we used Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. Between 2005 and 2013, 357 individuals initiated ART. Median CD4 at initiation increased from 130 cells/mL (interquartile range: 60 – 205) in 2005 to 330 (205 – 430) in 2013. In a linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender and ancestry, year of initiation was positively associated with CD4 cell count at initiation (b = 30.82 cells per year increase, p < 0.001). Among 357 initiates, 184 (52%) reached non‐detectable plasma VL within 360 days. In an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, CD4 cell count at initiation was positively associated with time to viral suppression (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.21 per 100 cell/mL increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.29). We observed substantial increases in CD4 cell count at initiation over time coincident with a community‐wide TasP‐based initiative. Individuals initiating ART earlier in the disease course exhibited higher rates of optimal virologic response. These findings support earlier initiation of ART among illicit drug users to reduce levels of HIV/AIDS‐associated morbidity and mortality and rates of viral transmission. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20564 © 2015 Milloy M‐J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: uhri‐mjsm@cfenet.ubc.ca Since the association between high HIV‐RNA replication in central nervous system and immune activation/inflammation has not yet been established, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory milieu in CSF and peripheral blood of HIV+ antiretroviral‐naïve subjects with high CSF viremia compared to those with low CSF viremia, in the attempt to identify biomarkers that might be used as diagnostic tools. A total of 150 HIV+ cART‐naïve pts underwent to lumbar puncture for CSF HIV‐RNA quantification and were tested for peripheral T‐cell immune‐phenotypes (CD38/CD45RA/CD45R0/CD127 on CD4/CD8; flow cytometry). In a subgroup of 64 patients CSF/plasma TNF‐a, IL‐6, sCD14, IFNg, MCP‐1, IP‐10, neopterin, S100beta (ELISA, Luminex) were measured. We defined: high CSF HIV‐RNA ≥10,000 cp/mL (H‐CSF), low CSF HIV‐RNA <10,000 cp/mL (L‐CSF), viral escape (VE) CSF/plasma HIV‐RNA >1 log10 cp/mL. Statistical analyses: Chi‐square, Mann–Whitney test and univariate/multivariate logistic regression. 48/150 pts (32%) resulted H‐CSF. VE was found in 5/150 pts (3%). No differences in gender, risk exposure categories, viral hepatitis co‐infections, HIV duration, age and CD4+ nadir were found between L‐CSF and H‐CSF. H‐CSF pts displayed higher plasma HIV‐RNA (p=0.002) and VE (p=0.019). The univariate logistic regression showed that H‐CSF are characterized by lower central memory CD127+CD4% (p=0.026) and naïve CD8+CD45RA% (p=0.017) and higher activated CD8+CD38% (p=0.08) and memory activated CD8+CD38+CD45R0% (p=0.021). In multivariate analysis, lower proportion of CD8+CD45RA% was the only parameter independently associated with H‐CSF (AOR 0.934, IC 95% 0.877–0.995, p=0.035), adjusting for plasma VL, CD4/CD8 ratio, CD127/CD4%, CD8/CD38%. Within the CSF, we found that H‐CSF displayed significantly higher sCD14 (p<0.0001), neopterin (p=0.006), IL‐6 (p=0.002) and IP‐10 (0.035) and no differences in TNFa, MCP‐1 and S100beta. Similarly, H‐CSF showed higher circulating sCD14 (p<0.0001), but not TNFa, IL‐6 and IFNg. The low percentage of naïve CD8+ T‐cells, independently associated with higher CSF Viral Load, might be included in a panel of biomarkers useful to identify patients at major risk of high CSF replication, if confirmed by larger studies. Besides, the finding of higher peripheral and CSF activation/inflammation in H‐CSF group indicate a more complex scenario, where both districts cooperate in maintaining the inflammation within CNS, possibly affecting neuronal function, and therefore deserves further investigations. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20439 © 2015 Merlini E et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: esther.merlini@unimi.it Dysregulated type I interferon (IFN) responses contribute to immunopathology in chronic HIV infection, therefore it is critical to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV‐stimulated IFN production. We examined the spatiotemporal regulation of IFN secretion by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), specialized cells that secrete high levels of IFN upon HIV recognition by Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7. We showed previously that intracellular trafficking of HIV to early endosomes is associated with potent IFN secretion but minimal NF‐kB signalling, resulting in suboptimal pDC maturation; however, how HIV trafficking is determined and the causal link between HIV subcellular localization and differential TLR signalling are currently unknown. Human pDC were purified from peripheral blood and were stimulated with GFP labelled: HIV, HIV pseudotyped with influenza hemagglutinin envelope (HA‐HIV), and PR8 influenza. TLR7 expressing HEK NF‐kB reporter cells, stably transfected with CD4 mutants with cytoplasmic tails directing trafficking to early endosomes (EE) or lysosomes, were activated with HIV and controls. Analysis included ELISA, flow cytometry and florescent microscopy. Cells were imaged using the Advanced Precision imaging system and images were analyzed using ImageJ. We compared the effects and spatiotemporal trafficking in pDC of HIV, influenza and HA‐HIV. We demonstrate that HA‐HIV strongly activates maturation pathways (NF‐kB) in pDC and traffics rapidly to lysosomes, similarly to influenza but unlike HIV, suggesting that viral envelope directs trafficking and resultant phenotype of ssRNA virions in pDC. We studied HIV‐CD4 interactions in a HEK reporter cell system expressing TLR7 with functional NF‐kB signalling, which we co‐transfected with CD4 mutants whose cytoplasmic tails either directed CD4 trafficking to EE or lysosomes. We show that wild type (WT) CD4 localizes to EE, whereas CD4 mutated with either DEC‐205 or LAMP1 tail localizes to lysosomes. HIV traffics to EE in WT CD4 expressing TLR7 HEK cells and fails to stimulate NF‐kB signalling, whereas HIV traffics to lysosomes in DEC‐205/LAMP1 expressing TLR7 HEK cells and stimulates NF‐kB signalling, suggesting that rerouting of HIV (via CD4) to lysosomal compartments triggers NF‐kB rather than IFN pathways. CD4 receptor mediated endocytosis targeting early endosomes determines HIV intracellular localization and observed interferon‐producing phenotype of HIV‐activated pDCs. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20440 © 2015 O'Brien M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mpowersobrien@yahoo.com Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) constitute a major source of type‐I interferon (IFN‐I) production during acute HIV infection. Their activation results primarily from TLR7‐mediated sensing of HIV‐infected cells. BST2/Tetherin is a restriction factor that suppresses HIV release by cross‐linking virions at the cell‐surface. HIV‐1 overcomes BST2 antiviral activity through Vpu, which partially downregulates BST2 cell‐surface expression. Apart from its direct antiviral activity, BST2 was shown to bind the ILT7 pDC‐specific inhibitory receptor and repress IFN‐I production by activated pDCs. Here, we examined whether Vpu‐mediated BST2 antagonism could modulate innate sensing of HIV‐infected cells by pDCs. PBMCs or isolated pDCs were co‐cultured with T cells infected with wild type or Vpu‐defective HIV‐1 and innate sensing was evaluated by monitoring IFN‐I production. BST2‐mediated activation of ILT7 signalling was analyzed using an ILT7‐reporter cell system. We show that Vpu attenuates the production of IFN‐I during sensing of HIV‐1 infected cells by pDCs. This control of innate sensing by Vpu could be prevented by: 1) depletion of BST2 from infected donor cells; 2) depletion of ILT7 in pDCs; or 3) blocking BST2‐ILT7 interaction using anti‐BST2 antibodies or soluble ILT7. Using a BST2 mutant that cannot cross‐link budding virions but yet retains the capacity to repress IFN‐I production by pDCs, we show that virion trapping on infected donor cells prevents BST2 from eliciting an inhibition of IFN‐I production by pDCs. Interestingly, confocal microscopy analysis of virus producing cells reveals that in presence of Vpu there is a residual pool of surface BST2, which is excluded from viral budding sites and thus potentially accessible for interaction with ILT7 on pDCs. Lastly, using an ILT7 reporter cell system, we provide evidence that Vpu‐mediated BST2 antagonism modulates the levels of available surface BST2 capable of engaging and activating ILT7 upon cell‐to‐cell contact. Overall, this study sheds light on a novel Vpu‐BST2 interaction that allows HIV to control innate sensing of infected cells by pDCs via the negative signalling exerted by the ILT7‐BST2 pair. This mechanism of innate immune evasion is likely to be critical for efficient viral dissemination and establishment of viral reservoirs during acute infection. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20441 © 2015 Bego M G et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: eric.cohen@ircm.qc.ca HIV‐1 latency is a multifactorial process resulting by the interplay between cellular transcription factors and the viral regulatory protein Tat. We have previously described the interferon‐inducible restriction factor TRIM22 as a suppressor of basal and phorbol ester‐dependent LTR‐mediated transcription independently of NF‐kB and of Tat/TAR interaction. As basal HIV‐1 transcription is mainly driven by the binding of the cellular transcription factor Sp1, we have investigated whether TRIM22 could interfere with such Sp1‐driven transcriptional activation of HIV‐1 LTR. 293T cells, lacking of endogenous TRIM22, were co‐transfected with a TRIM22‐expressing plasmid together with reporters vectors driven by the HIV‐1 promoter containing either wild‐type or mutated Sp1 binding sites or lacking of either one or two sites; reporter expression was assessed 48 hours post‐transfection. Endogenous TRIM22 was knocked‐down (KD) in SupT1 cells that were subsequently infected with HIV‐1 molecular clones engineered to be dependent on an incorporated Tet‐On gene expression system for activation of transcription while being independent of Tat/TAR interaction. Virus replication was monitored up to 32 days post‐infection. Cell extracts from TRIM22‐transfected 293T was subjected to 1) immunoprecipitation, 2) Western blotting, 3), DNA pull‐down and 4) chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). TRIM22 overexpression suppressed Sp1‐driven transcription of HIV‐1, as its inhibitory activity was lost in the absence of Sp1 binding sites. In contrast, TRIM22 KD increased the replication of infectious clones that were exclusively dependent upon Sp1 binding to the promoter. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation experiments showed that TRIM22 and Sp1 can interact physically although this interaction does not affect the level of expression of endogenous Sp1 or its phosphorylation state. TRIM22 did not directly bind to the HIV‐1 LTR by either in vitro pull‐down experiments or in ChIP experiments, however TRIM22 expression drastically prevented the binding of Sp1 to the HIV‐1 LTR. TRIM22 inhibits Sp1‐dependent transcription by interacting with Sp1 and preventing its binding to the HIV‐1 LTR. Our findings bear relevance for the discovery of new pharmacological approaches aimed at targeting the reservoir of cells latently infected with replication‐competent proviruses. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20442 © 2015 Turrini F et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: turrini.filippo@hsr.it Tripartite motif‐containing protein 22 (TRIM22) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with activity against HIV‐1: high levels of TRIM22 expression are associated with reduced viral set‐point following acute HIV‐1 infection. The TRIM22 gene has been greatly shaped by positive selection, and its expression is sensitive to retroviral infection, Type I and Type 2 interferon. The mechanism by which TRIM22 exerts its antiviral effect is poorly understood. Further, the impact of TRIM22 genetic variation in the context of HIV‐2 disease is unknown. To test the hypotheses that TRIM22 expression antagonizes HIV‐2 infection and that polymorphisms in TRIM22 significantly modulate this effect, we conducted three studies. Firstly, TRIM22 was genotyped in 60 HIV‐2 patients, comparing viral controllers and rapid progressors, and a similar number of age and sex matched controls from the same community in rural Guinea‐Bissau. Using regression modelling, polymorphisms were analysed alongside immunological and virological data. Secondly, a model of TRIM22 was constructed using computational methods and the polymorphisms observed in vivo were mapped and analysed. Finally, baseline cDNA and protein levels of TRIM22 from C8166 cells were measured using quantitative RT‐PCR and flow cytometry respectively. The cells were subsequently infected with HIV‐2, and measurements repeated to determine whether TRIM22 gene expression is sensitive to HIV‐2 infection. The data show that TRIM22 polymorphisms rs1063303 and rs7935564 are significantly associated with HIV‐2 acquisition and disease progression. Further, polymorphisms observed in vivo cluster in functional regions that our modelling studies suggest may interact with the HIV‐2 capsid. Finally, we show that TRIM22 gene expression is upregulated in the presence of HIV‐2, in a lymphocyte cell line. Taken together, our data show that TRIM22 expression is sensitive to HIV‐2 infection and that polymorphisms in TRIM22 genes are significantly associated with HIV‐2 acquisition and disease progression. Further the study has computationally characterized positively selected polymorphisms observed in vivo and the data show that these polymorphisms have the potential to significantly alter protein structure and function. These data provide the first analysis of TRIM genetic variation in the context of HIV‐2 infection. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20443 © 2015 Simpson S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: shmona.simpson@trinity.ox.ac.uk During chronic viral infections, high antigenic load continually stimulates T cells resulting in T‐cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells increase the expression of negative checkpoint inhibitors such as PD‐1, which raise the threshold for activation and contribute to suppressed immune responses. Another recently discovered immune checkpoint receptor, TIGIT, is upregulated on T cells in neoplasms and chronic LCMV infection. We hypothesize that TIGIT functions as a negative checkpoint receptor marking dysfunctional T cells during SIV infection and that modulation of TIGIT would restore anti‐SIV‐specific T‐cell responses. Spleen, lymph node (LN) and PBMCs from SIV‐naïve and SIV‐infected rhesus macaques (RMs) were examined for surface expression of TIGIT. In vitro cytokine production was assessed via intracellular cytokine staining. Proliferative capacity was determined through CFSE dilution assays in the presence of antibodies blocking TIGIT and PD‐1 pathways (anti‐TIGIT mAb and anti‐PD‐L1 mAb). TIGIT expression was significantly upregulated on CD8+ T cells derived from the spleen and LN but not on PBMC in SIV‐infected animals. The frequency of TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells in the LN significantly correlated with SIV viral load, and TIGIT expression was driven primarily by g‐chain cytokines such as IL‐2. TIGIT was expressed on approximately 40% of SIV‐specific CD8+ T cells, even in animals with full cART suppression of viral replication. While Ki‐67 expression did not differ between TIGIT+ and TIGIT− CD8+ T cells, TIGIT‐ CD8+ T cells produced significantly more IFN‐g compared to TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells. Single and dual blockade of TIGIT and/or PD‐1 signalling pathways restored proliferative capacity of SIV‐specific T cells in vitro. TIGIT is a negative checkpoint receptor that marks a novel population of functionally exhausted SIV‐specific CD8+ T cells and is associated with SIV disease progression. The enhancement of virus‐specific T‐cell proliferative responses in the presence of single or dual blockade of TIGIT and/or PD‐1 suggests that targeting the TIGIT pathway is a viable therapeutic approach to reverse T‐cell dysfunction. Given the high sequence homology of rhesus and human TIGIT, this provides a platform to further investigate TIGIT, along with other checkpoint inhibitors, as potential targets for mediating a functional cure for HIV. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20561 © 2015 Webb G M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: moring@ohsu.edu Prolongation of the QTc interval (QTc) increases the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE). The incidence of CVE is higher in HIV‐infected (HIV+) patients compared with the general population. The impact of different antiretroviral therapies (ART), co‐medication and HIV‐infection on the electrical activity of the heart is rarely investigated in large HIV+ cohorts. We compare QTc of HIV+ outpatients of the HIV HEART study (HIVH) and of controls of the population‐based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (HNR), both recruited from the German Ruhr area since 2000. HIVH cases were age‐ and sex‐matched with HNR controls in a 1:2 ratio. QTc was measured and corrected using the Bazett's formula. We used crude and adjusted linear mixed models to account for the matched design and adjusted for QTc interval prolonging medication (QTc‐PM, no ART). Differences in QTc between HIV specific factors and ART were evaluated using ANOVA in the HIVH subpopulation. All analyses were stratified by sex. 496 HIVH participants (83.3% male, aged 54.5±6.7) were matched with 992 HNR controls. We observed a longer QTc in HIVH subjects compared with HNR controls: 424±23 ms versus 411±15 ms for male and 435±20 ms versus 416±17 ms for female subjects (p<0.0001 for both sexes). HIVH males used QTc‐PM more often (22.3% vs. 17.6% for HNR) than HIVH females (13.3% vs. 24.7% for HNR). However, adjusting for QTc‐PM the mean differences in QTc remained significant with 13 (95% CI: 11, 15) ms for male and 19 (95% CI: 14, 24) ms for female subjects. Prolongation of QTc (male >440 ms, female >460 ms) was pathologic in 22.8% versus 3.9% of HIVH and HNR males and in 12.1% versus 1.8% of the females. No differences in the QTc were observed within the HIVH population for different ART medications, for the clinical and immunological HIV status and for the route of HIV infection in both sexes. HIV+ patients have longer mean QTc and more often pathological prolonged QTc compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls from the general population even after adjustment for intake of non‐antiretroviral QTc‐PM. ART, HIV stage and HIV transmission route are not associated with QTc prolongation. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20444 © 2015 Esser S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: stefan.esser@uk‐essen.de Efavirenz has been associated with reductions in vitamin D (25[OH]D) and Tenofovir with increased bone turnover, reductions in bone mineral density (BMD) and renal tubular dysfunction (RTD). We hypothesized that switching from Atripla to Darunavir/Ritonavir monotherapy (DRV/r) might increase 25[OH]D, and improve BMD and RTD. Patients with HIV RNA <50 copies/mL on Atripla for ≥ six months were randomized 1:1 to receive ongoing Atripla or DRV/r (800/100 mg once daily) for 48 weeks. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in 25[OH]D at week 48. Secondary endpoints included changes in BMD, bone turnover markers and RTD. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in 25[OH]D in patients on Atripla versus DRV/r. Secondary endpoints were expressed as the mean (95% CI) observed between‐arm difference from baseline. 70 subjects (86% male, 66% white, mean (SD) CD4 cell count 537.3 (191.5) per mm3) were randomized, of whom 26 (DRV/r) and 31 (Atripla) completed the 48 week study on the allocated treatment. The mean (SD) difference between baseline and week 48 25[OH]D was 5.0 (5.9) ng/mmol for DRV/r and 1.2 (6.0) for Atripla. After adjustment for baseline 25[OH]D and demographics, at week 48 DRV/r monotherapy was associated with a +3.5 (95% CI: 0.5, 6.4) ng/mmol increase in 25[OH]D compared to Atripla (p=0.02). Subjects in the DRV/r arm experienced increases in BMD (mean between‐arm difference (0.02 (0.003, 0.04) g/cm2 at the lumbar spine, p=0.03, and 0.03 (0.006, 0.06) g/cm2 at the neck of femur, p=0.02), and reductions in parathyroid hormone (PTH) (−20.4 (−38.8, −2.0) ng/l, p=0.03), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (−7.1 (−9.7, −4.5) IU/L, p<0.0001) and serum type 1 pro‐collagen (−16.9 (−26.5, −7.4) ug/L, p=0.0008), as compared with subjects on Atripla. No significant difference in RTD (urine retinol‐binding protein/creatinine ratio and phosphate reabsorption) was observed. Reasons for discontinuation in the DRV/r arm included side effects (n=4) and virus load rebound (n=2), all of which resolved with DRV/r discontinuation or regimen intensification. A switch from Atripla to DRV/r resulted in significant improvements in 25[OH]D and PTH, and a 2–3% increase in BMD. DRV/r monotherapy provides a bone‐friendly treatment option to patients with osteoporosis or increased fracture risk. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20445 © 2015 Hamzah L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: lisa.hamzah@kcl.ac.uk Accelerated bone mineral density (BMD) loss occurs during the first two years of ART. Few studies have evaluated subsequent BMD changes, especially compared to uninfected controls. ACTG A5318 performed one follow‐up site‐specific dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in HIV‐infected individuals who had received baseline and follow‐up DXAs during the randomized treatment trial A5202/A5224s. As controls, we obtained DXA results from uninfected participants enrolled in BACH/Bone and WIHS cohorts. Repeated measures analyses compared BMD change rate between HIV‐infected and uninfected, adjusting for age, sex, race and body mass index (BMI). In the HIV‐infected group, we performed multivariable analyses evaluating association of HIV‐specific (baseline and time‐updated CD4 and viral load), HIV treatment‐related (randomized ART regimen, cumulative tenofovir (TDF) exposure) and non‐HIV related factors (age, sex, race, relevant concomitant medication use, BMI, total lean body mass) on BMD change rate. Baseline characteristics between HIV infected (n=97) and HIV‐uninfected (n=630) participants were generally similar: median age, 40 versus 46; % female, 14 versus 14; % black, 34 versus 35; median BMI, 24 versus 29; and median years between first and last DXA, 7.5 versus 6.9. Seventy‐one percent of HIV‐infected participants were on TDF at last DXA. Compared to controls, HIV‐infected individuals had significantly greater adjusted BMD decline rate at lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH) during the first 96 weeks of ART (both p<0.001). Subsequently, on follow‐up DXA, HIV infection remained significantly associated with greater adjusted BMD decline rate at LS (−0.29%/year; 95% CI: −0.49, −0.09; p=0.005) but not at TH (p=0.63). In the HIV group, the rate of BMD decline slowed after the first 96 weeks of ART (0–96 weeks vs. Late Change: LS: −0.75%/year vs. −0.19%/year, p=0.04; TH: −1.29%/year vs. −0.30%/year, p<0.001). During the late period, no HIV‐related characteristic was associated with BMD loss, but lower total lean body mass (and not BMI) was associated with greater BMD loss at LS and TH (both p<0.001). Although the rate of BMD decline slowed after the first 96 weeks after ART initiation in HIV‐infected persons, the rate of bone loss at the lumbar spine was still significantly greater than HIV‐uninfected controls. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20446 © 2015 Grant P et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: pmgrant72@gmail.com Liver disease is an important non‐AIDS related morbidity in HIV‐infected adults. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical‐pathological syndrome which may progress toward liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of NAFLD and liver fibrosis among perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents with a history of transaminitis. A cross‐sectional study was conducted at 4 paediatric HIV centres in Thailand (Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen) and Indonesia (Jakarta). HIV‐infected adolescents aged 10 to 25 years with virologic suppression and had transaminitis (ALT >30 U/L or AST >50 U/L) within past 12 months were enrolled. Adolescents with history of hepatitis B/C co‐infection or significant alcohol consumption were excluded. The assessments included liver ultrasonography (USG‐evaluation of fatty liver); transient elastography (TE‐evaluation of liver stiffness), serum liver function test. Aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI‐biomarker of liver fibrosis) was calculated. Liver stiffness was defined as any liver fibrosis. (TE ≥5.1 kPa) and significant liver fibrosis (TE ≥7.4 kPa). APRI >0.5 and >1.5 were defined as mild/moderate fibrosis and advanced fibrosis, respectively. Correlation of APRI and TE result was assessed. From August to December 2014, 39 adolescents were enrolled. Median (IQR) age was 17.2 (14.6–19.4) years; 47% were male. Median (IQR) duration of ART was 7.8 (4.4–11.2) years, of which 54% currently received non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI)‐based regimen. Median (IQR) current CD4 cells count was 691 (535–979) cells/mm3. Fatty liver was observed in 6 (15%) adolescents, of which 2 (5%) had severe fatty liver (Table1). Seventeen (46%) adolescents had any liver fibrosis and 6 (15%) had significant liver fibrosis (Table 1). Median (IQR) of ALT and AST were 30 (21–39) and 25 (20–31) U/L, respectively. Four (11%) had mild/moderate fibrosis by APRI. The APRI was moderately positively correlated with liver stiffness evaluated by TE (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.51; p=0.001). About one‐third of perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents with a history of transaminitis met criteria of fatty liver or liver fibrosis. Longitudinal follow‐up to monitor for progression and provide appropriate interventions in a timely manner is needed. This study is funded by CIPHER Grants (2014), International AIDS Society. Abstract TUPDB0104–Table 1. Characteristics of perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease or liver fibrosis Sex Age (yrs) BMI (kg/m2) ALT (U/L) AST (U/L) Fatty Liver by USG TE (kPa) APRI M 23 36.2 160 87 Severe 14.0 0.63 F 17 21.3 36 24 Severe 5.7 0.21 M 15 17.6 36 42 Mild 5.9 0.39 F 12 15.4 36 31 Mild 5.7 0.42 F 20 17.8 46 35 Mild 4.3 0.47 F 20 20.5 71 33 Mild 3.3 0.33 M 17 25.8 50 45 Normal 8.6 0.60 F 18 19.4 23 25 Normal 8.0 0.34 M 14 17.8 23 32 Normal 7.9 0.27 M 18 18.5 29 22 Normal 7.8 0.17 F 23 18.0 19 18 Normal 7.7 0.34 M=male; F=female; BMI=body mass index; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; USG=ultrasonography; TE=transient elastography; APRI=aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index; The bold text indicates abnormal values for each test. M=male; F=female; BMI=body mass index; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; USG=ultrasonography; TE=transient elastography; APRI=aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index; The bold text indicates abnormal values for each test. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20447 © 2015 Sudjaritruk T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tavitiya@gmail.com The incidence of insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes mellitus in HIV‐patients, both contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, has been associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Only limited data exists on metabolic effects of regimens including newer drugs such as fixed dose combination drugs, particularly concerning IR. In this prospective, open‐label, randomized phase‐I‐study we investigated the effects of the recently available fixed dose combination of tenofovir disaproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, elvitegravir and cobicistat (TDF/FTC/EVG/cobi, group I) on IR, in comparison to established ART with TDF/FTC+lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r, group II) and TDF/FTC+darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r, group III). N=30 healthy, male volunteers were randomly assigned into one of the 3 study arms. IR was measured using golden standard method of hyperinsulinemic eugylcemic clamp before and 14 days after initiation of study medication. Briefly, a constant insulin infusion (2 mIU/(kg*min)) was infused over two hours, glucose infusion was adjusted as necessary to achieve stable glucose levels (target 90±5 mg/dl). All volunteers took the study medication, as verified by pill counting. IR was evaluated using the mean glucose disposal rate normalized to body weight (MBW, (mg glucose/min*kg)), as calculated during the clamp. To test for statistical significance of global and pairwise differences in IR, analyses of variances and the Student's t‐test was used. To test for significant changes in IR within study arms, the paired t‐test was used. The enrolled volunteers were young, non‐obese, healthy males; no significant differences were detected concerning baseline characteristics (Table 1). Mean IR did not differ between the groups before treatment (I vs. II vs. III: 11.2±3.2 (SD, standard deviation); n=10 vs. 12.5±3.3; n=9 vs. 11.6±2.5; n=9). The medication was well tolerated; 2 patients were excluded from analysis due to medical (hypothyroidism) and technical (insulin pump error) reasons. TDF/FTC+LPV/r significantly affected IR after 14 day of treatment as compared to baseline (9.2±1.8 vs. 12.5±3.3; p=0.037), but neither TDF/FTC/EVG/cobi (11.3±2.5 vs. 11.2±3.2; p=n.s.) nor TDF/FTC+DRV/r (11.3±2.4 vs. 11.6±2.5; p=n.s.) did. Our study shows for the first time that neither treatment with the fixed dose combination TDF/FTC/EVG/cobi nor with TDF/FDC+DRV/r affects IR as compared to the established regimen TDF/FTC+LPV/r. Abstract TUPDB0105–Table 1. Baseline characteristics Group/parameter (Mean±SD) I: TDF/FTC/EVG/cobi II: TDF/FTC + LPV/r III: TDF/FTC + DRV/r Age (years) 26.3 (±4.8) 27.3 (±4.8) 27.2 (±2.3) Weight (kg) 75.3 (±4.8) 70.2 (±8.3) 72.3 (±7.6) Body height (cm) 183.5 (±4.2) 178.9 (±5.7) 180.0 (±5.5) BMI (kg/m2) 22.4 (±1.1) 21.9 (±2.2) 22.3 (±1.5) Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) 82.0 (±5.1) 82.3 (±6.7) 83.3 (±6.0) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20448 © 2015 Spinner C D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: christoph.spinner@tum.de New diagnoses of HIV‐1 infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) increased in Athens metropolitan area, Greece during 2011. Our aim was to identify potential cross‐group transmissions between PWID and other risk groups using molecular methods. HIV‐1 subtypes were determined for 711 HIV‐1(+) PWID sampled during 2011–2014. Cross‐group transmissions among the PWID were those that originated from other groups as estimated by phylogenetic trees. Specifically cross‐group transmissions corresponded to viral lineages from PWID that didn't fall into the outbreak transmission networks or the PWID recombinants. Further phylogenetic analyses were conducted for the sequences from cross‐group transmissions. Among the 711 HIV‐1(+) PWID, 630 (88.6%) sequences fell within four IDU transmission networks belonging to CRF14_BG (n=356, 50.1%), CRF35_AD (n=123, 17.3%), subtype B (n=106, 14.9%) and A (n=45, 6.3%); 48 (6.8%) were recombinants consisting of partial regions originating from the PWID‐specific clades. On the other hand, sequences from 33 (4.6%) PWID didn't belong either to the PWID transmission networks or the recombinants, suggesting that they are evidence of potential cross‐group transmissions. Phylogenetic analyses (n=28) for subtypes A and B detected most frequently among the cross‐group transmissions suggested that most of these infections originated from non‐PWID transmission networks in Greece and the former Soviet Union countries (AFSU). Specifically we found that nine (75.0%) of the subtype B infections originated from Greece, whereas eight (50.0%) and seven (43.8%) of subtype A strains were of AFSU and Greek origin, respectively (Figure 6). The gender distribution didn't differ significantly between those infected within PWID networks (F: n=99; M: n=579) or the cross‐group transmissions (F: n=7; M: n=26). During the four year period of the HIV‐1 outbreak among the PWID in Athens metropolitan area, we estimated that 33 (4.6%) of the infections in this group are due to cross‐group infections. Notably, half of these cross‐group infections due to subtype A originate from the large IDU epidemic in Eastern Europe (AFSU). For subtype B, however, the majority of cross‐group infections originated from Greece. Abstract TUPDC0101–Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of subtype A sequences from PWIDs with evidence for cross‐group transmissions plus sequences from the Greek epidemic sampled during 1999–2013 and a randomly selected global sample. Abstract TUPDC0101–Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of subtype A sequences from PWIDs with evidence for cross‐group transmissions plus sequences from the Greek epidemic sampled during 1999–2013 and a randomly selected global sample. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20449 © 2015 Paraskevis D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: gknikolopoulos@gmail.com In Pakistan, people who inject drugs (PWID) have a high HIV prevalence (~27%), and the prevalence among sex workers (SW) has recently increased. There is considerable geographic heterogeneity of HIV prevalence, which may reflect multiple subepidemics with unique trajectories, characterized by specific risk contexts, behaviours and sexual or syringe‐sharing networks. This study uses genetic clustering to identify and characterize these HIV subepidemics of ongoing transmission. Mapping and integrated behavioural and biological surveillance took place among 16,756 PWID and male (MSW), hijra (HSW) and female (FSW) SW across Pakistan in 2011. Of the 1637 persons who tested HIV positive (9.8%), we were able to analyze gp41 sequences from 1153. These sequences were aligned to a reference sequence: HXB2. We identified sequences that were highly similar (≤1% pairwise Tamura Nei 93 genetic distance) and deemed these persons potential transmission partners. Transmission clusters were constructed by connecting persons who share potential transmission partners. Clusters were characterized in terms of high risk population group membership and city. Logistic regression was used for tests of statistical significance. The prevalence of HIV was determined to be 27.3%, 5.2%, 1.6% and 0.6% among PWID, HSW, MSW and FSW, respectively. Of the 1153 sequences, 652 were clustered (56.5%) in 87 unique clusters ranging in size from 2 to 96 sequences. Average cluster size was 7.5 (s.d.=15), although clusters of two predominated. Compared with MSW, PWID were more likely to be clustered (odds ratio=1.6, p=0.01). Larger clusters were more likely to span multiple cities and include SW, with an average mixed PWID/SW cluster size of 23.6, compared with cluster sizes of five or two for clusters composed entirely of PWID or SW, respectively. Most PWID who were in clusters were in large clusters of nine or more individuals, whereas HSW and MSW tended to be in clusters of diverse sizes. A comprehensive understanding of HIV transmission in Pakistan will be critical to design strategically targeted HIV prevention programs. Clusters may be indicators of ongoing transmission, and thus an effective strategy for prevention programs could be to target the cities and population groups with high clustering. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20450 © 2015 Thompson L H et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: laura.thompson@alumni.utoronto.ca The HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is expanding at an alarming rate in Asia. Understanding the dynamics of HIV‐1 transmission among MSM through viral sequence analyses may provide essential information on the origin of viral lineages and the characteristics of disease spread. We determined transmission networks of HIV‐1 among MSM across countries in East and Southeast Asia. A total of 1856 HIV‐1 polymerase gene sequences were obtained from TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance‐Monitoring (TASER‐M) sites in Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines between 2006 and 2011. Time‐stamped sequence datasets of HIV‐1 subtype B (n=144) and CRF01_AE (n=186) from antiretroviral‐naive MSM were identified and subjected to spatiotemporal analysis using Bayesian phylodynamic methods. A transmission network was defined as a phylogenetic cluster (≥2 isolates) supported by >90% bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probability value of 1 at the tree node. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed that 68% of HIV‐1 subtype B and 46% of CRF01_AE sequences were grouped in 50 transmission networks of various sizes (mean size=5.6, range=2–32 sequences), with subtype B sequences having a higher tendency to form a network (p<0.0001). With additional representative sequences from China, Mongolia and Myanmar from the Los Alamos National Laboratory HIV Sequence Database, 34 networks involving 154 subtype B‐infected individuals and 16 networks involving 125 CRF01_AE‐infected individuals were observed. Location mapping showed that the MSM networks in East and Southeast Asia were mostly localized (78%) in their respective countries, with 22% spanned beyond a single country. Genealogy‐based analysis to estimate the divergence time for each transmission network indicated the continued emergence of new networks over the past three decades. The uninterrupted growth of sub‐epidemics of various cluster sizes suggests the role of transmission networks as a continuous driving force of the epidemic among MSM in Asia. Despite expanded access to antiretroviral therapy in Asia, our analysis showed continued regional emergence of recent HIV‐1 subtype B and CRF01_AE networks among MSM. Strategies such as early diagnosis and treatment as prevention to reduce transmission risks among sero‐discordant partners need to be expanded across the region. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20451 © 2015 Tee K K et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: k2tee@um.edu.my Estimates of the number of people at high risk for HIV infection are crucial for prevention, treatment and care planning. Taking into consideration that Georgia is the country, where HIV prevalence is concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM) and information on the size of this key population was lacking, we conducted the study using seven different population size estimation methods in Tbilisi, Georgia. We want to focus on a new method proposed by Dombrowski among methamphetamine users in 2012. This represents capture‐recapture using network sampling technique. Among MSM, we first time applied this method with few modifications. Modified capture‐recapture requires singe sample, which for our study was 210 MSM 18 years and older recruited through Respondent Driven Sampling. The study participants were asked about their personal characteristics (approximate height, weight, hair colour and ethnicity) and so called “telefunken codes” derived from the last four digits of their own mobile number. In difference to the original method that used six personal identifiers, we dropped eye colour (based on piloting results) and gender. This represented the capture. Afterwards, the study participants were asked to provide the similar characteristics appealing to their five MSM contacts randomly selected from mobile phone directories. This represented the recapture. Some respondents (2.38%) did not have mobile phones with them and some did not have five MSM contacts in their mobile phone directory. To get to the final estimates Lincoln‐Peterson method was used. Using the four‐identifier categorical variables and the “telefunken code,” we identified 36 matches between the two captures (205 captured and 770 recaptured). This led to the population size of 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9%–1.6%) of the adult male population. The results were comparable to those from other methods used in our study (see Table 1). Despite the study limitations – difficulty to get the “telefunken codes” for the recapture phase – modified capture‐recapture method provides reasonable population size estimates for MSM when compared to the median estimates and their boundaries of other more established methods. Estimating size of MSM through modified capture‐recapture method appeared to be feasible, simple, cost‐saving and effective method that is valuable for future application. Abstract TUPDC0104–Table 1. Different MSM population size estimates from various methods implemented in Tbilisi, 2014 PSE method Point estimate (18–59y) Lower bound (18–59y) Upper bound (18–59y) Modified capture‐Recapture 4385 3115 5654 MSM size – median of all seven estimates* 5100 3243 9088 MSM prevalence in adult population (%) 1.42 0.90 2.53 *Estimates derived from the following methods: Network Scale‐Up, Web‐ and mob‐App Multipliers, Service Multiplier, Unique Object Multipliers, RDS‐based Handcock, Wisdom of Crowd, Modified Capture‐Recapture. Estimates derived from the following methods: Network Scale‐Up, Web‐ and mob‐App Multipliers, Service Multiplier, Unique Object Multipliers, RDS‐based Handcock, Wisdom of Crowd, Modified Capture‐Recapture. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20452 © 2015 Sulaberidze L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: l.sulaberidze@curatio.com Research suggests that characteristics of an individual's social network may influence intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among men in sub‐Saharan Africa. For example, studies indicate that network‐level measures of gender norms or IPV acceptance may be associated with IPV perpetration. However, to date, no studies have identified network‐level factors associated with IPV among East African youth. We used data from our on‐going HIV prevention trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania with 1268 men, ages 15–59 years (mean=26), nested within 60 networks of randomly selected social clubs called “camps.” The purpose of this study was to assess the degree to which variance in men's IPV perpetration was attributed to camp membership and to determine the effect of camp‐level norms (gender norms and IPV attitudes) on IPV perpetration. We used 2‐level hierarchical linear models to model the relationship between individual and camp‐level characteristics and past‐year physical IPV perpetration, assessed using an adapted version of the World Health Organization violence against women instrument. Camp‐level gender norms were computed by averaging responses among all camp members to an adapted version of the Gender Equitable Men Scale. All individual‐level variables were group‐mean centred to facilitate decomposition of between and within‐camp effects. We estimated an unconditional random effects model to determine the proportion of IPV variance attributable to camp membership. Subsequent models sequentially introduced individual‐level demographic/control variables, camp‐level norms and individual‐level norms. A significant proportion of variance in IPV perpetration (3.1%) was due to between‐camp differences (τ00=0.0054, p=0.01). Increasing levels of camp equitable gender norms were significantly associated with decreasing IPV perpetration (γ=−0.167, p=0.04), and this association remained after controlling for individual‐level gender norms. Camp‐level norms regarding IPV acceptance were not associated with IPV perpetration. Studies have found a strong association between IPV and HIV. We found that membership in social groups with equitable gender norms reduced men's risk of perpetrating IPV, even after adjusting for their own views about gender norms and the acceptability of violence. This finding highlights the importance of multilevel HIV and IPV interventions that simultaneously address individual risk factors while making gender norms more equitable within social networks. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20453 © 2015 Mulawa M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mulawa@live.unc.edu Despite national testing campaigns and increased access to HIV treatment, stigma remains a significant barrier to testing in South Africa. A nuanced understanding of stigma and testing is instrumental in refining intervention programming. Stigma can be examined at either the individual or community level and may operate differentially by gender. Further, estimating HIV testing uptake achievable through stigma reduction interventions is critical for understanding potential impact. We examined the relationship between anticipated HIV stigma at individual and community levels on recent HIV testing, stratified by gender, using data from a population‐based sample of 1126 adults aged 18–35 residing in 22 villages in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Anticipated HIV stigma, or expectations of discrimination should one become HIV positive, was measured using a 9‐item scale and dichotomized as any versus no stigma. Community‐level stigma was defined as the proportion of individuals within each village reporting any anticipated stigma. We assessed associations of community and individual stigma and HIV testing for men and women. We then used multi‐level regression models to estimate the potential effect of changing community‐level stigma to improve testing uptake using the g‐computation algorithm. Analyses were weighted to account for the survey design. Men tested less frequently (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14–0.33) and reported more individual anticipated stigma (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.6–10.1) than women. Men reporting no individual‐level stigma (vs. some) were 48% more likely to have tested (p=0.08). For women, testing behaviour was not associated with individual anticipated stigma but for each percentage point reduction in community‐level stigma the likelihood of testing increased by 3% (p=0.03). We modelled gains in HIV testing at different levels of community stigma (Figure 1). For example, results indicate a potential 15% intervention gain in HIV testing among women if community‐level stigma decreased by 5%. Changing community‐level stigma did not result in significant gains for men. Our data indicates that HIV‐related stigma influences HIV testing for men and women through different pathways. Stigma reduction programs may need to consider gender differences and tailor activities to the target population. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm projections and direction of effect. Abstract TUPDD0101–Figure 1. Testing under various stigma scenarios. Abstract TUPDD0101–Figure 1. Testing under various stigma scenarios. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20454 © 2015 Treves‐Kagan S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: sarah.treves‐kagan@ucsf.edu Men's uptake of HIV testing will be critical to the success of test and treat strategies in generalized epidemics. We used qualitative research methods to identify cultural factors and community level processes that influence HIV testing uptake in the context of an ongoing test and treat trial of 334,479 persons in East Africa (SEARCH, NCT# 01864603). In‐depth interviews, participant observation and focus group discussions were used to evaluate contextual factors in communities that influenced uptake of baseline HIV testing. The study used a hybrid model of mobile HIV testing including community health campaigns (CHC) followed by home‐based testing (HBT) for non‐CHC attendees. Data were collected in eight rural communities in Uganda and Kenya and interpreted using Atlas.ti software. Analytical codes were defined and applied by an 8‐person research team on the basis of theory and the empirical data, and iteratively refined during the analysis process. Structural barriers to male participation in community health campaigns led to reduced participation in CHCs and HBT: informal sector labour opportunities for men often require extended absences from rural households. Participants reported for example that during planting season, men needed to guard fields from monkeys from dawn until nightfall; in lakeshore communities, fishermen travel long distances and off‐load fish at multiple beaches, using multiple residences and temporary lodgings. Community leaders were critical in outreach to promote CHC attendance, but power differentials between elder and younger men may have contributed to heterogeneous mobilization. Cultural factors including male gender norms counter to health‐seeking behaviours, and valorizing risk‐taking, also served as barriers to HIV testing. Men often tested “by proxy,” inferring their HIV status from the test results of wives. Yet debates about HIV risks were vigorous, with many men questioning traditional masculine gender norms; moreover, the promise of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prolong health appeared to motivate many men to participate in testing. Mobile testing reduces but does not eliminate barriers to men's participation; however, the promise of ART may be enabling changes in male gender norms related to testing. Findings may be useful for developing novel strategies to improve male engagement in test and treat efforts. Abstract TUPDD0102–Table 1. Illustrative Quotes Entrenched gender norms • “Men are generally lazy … ‘I am already infected and still want to show my male ego without considering my family’ … many men as well are not ready to take up HIV test and would push their partners to go first and rely on their results.” – Male youth Focus Group Discussion (FGD) participant, Sena • “As men we have a lot of fear … Men also like giving excuses, that they are ever busy in the name of searching for the family, even if they have gotten this food that they are ever looking for [laughter].” – Male adult FGD participant, Sena • “Many men believe that medical issues are women's affairs.” – Male adult FGD participant, Ongo • “Men are people with hardened hearts. They will hardly rush for any programme. They can release their wives and children first to go, and for him, he assesses before going.” – Female adult FGD participant, Kameke Signs of changing gender norms • Interviewer: “You have mentioned that most people do not test as couples; please tell me more about this?” • “A good percentage of men are not faithful. It is men who would even end up enrolling for HIV care at a very far facility. Men should change and be free to test as couples so as to build trust. They should stop frustrating their women as well.” [Female adult participant] • “Gender based violence is real and rampant in this community. This is so because there is no family dialogue to discuss family issues. I do dialogue in my house but when I introduced the HIV topics, many started avoiding the dialogue.” [Male adult participant, FGD Tom Mboya] 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20455 © 2015 Camlin C S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: carol.camlin@ucsf.edu The mothers2mothers’ (m2m) Mentor Mother programme empowers pregnant women and new mothers to make informed decisions about their maternal and reproductive health as well as their infants’ health, through provision of peer education and psychosocial support. The m2m's 2013 annual evaluation showed that discordancy was negatively associated with the uptake of paediatric prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) services. HIV‐positive mothers who knew their male partners were HIV‐negative were less likely to bring their infants for PCR testing at 6–8 weeks (OR=0.60, p=0.005), or for a follow‐up test at 18 months (OR=0.75, p=0.017), compared to mothers who knew their partners were HIV‐positive. The aim of this study is to further investigate the role that knowledge of one's partner's HIV status plays in the uptake of paediatric PMTCT services. Secondary analysis of m2m's 2013 internal programme evaluation data was conducted. Data comprised of a representative random sample of 5592 HIV‐positive clients’ longitudinal records (routinely maintained by Mentor Mothers), enrolled from March through May 2012 in six African countries. The relationship between knowledge of partner status and uptake of paediatric PMTCT services was investigated through bivariate analysis (chi‐square) and binary logistic regression analysis using STATA 12. Knowledge of partner HIV status was significantly associated with uptake of paediatric PMTCT services. Mothers who knew their partner's HIV status were more likely to take up paediatric PMTCT services compared to those who did not know their partner's status. The likelihood of improved uptake of PMTCT services was the highest among mothers who knew they were in a concordant relationship. There was no significant relationship between knowledge of partner status and uptake of infant ART. Additional primary research on the effects of concordancy and discordancy on PMTCT outcomes is recommended. Our secondary analysis suggests that uptake of paediatric PMTCT services is more likely to occur amongst clients who know that they are in a concordant relationship. This evidence supports m2m's inclusion of a tailored serodiscordant couples education and support intervention to facilitate mutual disclosure of HIV status in partners, especially in the context of Option B+, thus improving outcomes in the postnatal care cascade. Abstract TUPDD0103–Table 1. Paediatric PMTCT and knowledge of partner status Unknown partner HIV status Partner known HIV positive (known concordant relationship) OR (p‐value) Partner known HIV negative (known discordant relationship) OR (p‐value) Infant PCR test 1 1.96 (0.000) 1.20 (0.261) Infant PCR test result 1 2.12 (0.000) 1.41 (0.022) Infant 18 months test 1 1.89 (0.000) 1.41 (0.012) Infant 18 months test result 1 1.91 (0.000) 1.44 (0.008) Infant on ART 1 0.84 (0.505) 0.89 (0.751) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20456 © 2015 Schley A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Notifying partners of persons newly diagnosed with HIV can help identify undiagnosed infections and link people to care. Assisted partner services (APS) offers persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection help notifying and getting sex partners tested. APS is not widely available in sub‐Saharan Africa, including Mozambique. We explore who benefits from APS as compared to passive services through a pilot programme in an urban, public clinic in Maputo, Mozambique. Between June and September 2014, four community health workers (CHWs) offered APS to 223 index patients (IPs) with recently diagnosed HIV: 220 accepted and 206 (94%) were retained at eight weeks. CHWs used structured interviews to collect data at baseline, four and eight weeks. At baseline, CHWs counselled IPs to notify partners and encourage their HIV testing, but did not offer to notify partners directly. At four weeks, with consent, CHWs notified partners to encourage testing. We used logistic regression, adjusted for clustering, to define the odds that APS increased HIV testing uptake and identified new HIV infections, setting significance at p≤0.05. Of 206 IPs, 79% were female, 73% were married and 31% named >1 sex partner. IPs named 283 partners, 278 had complete date: 59% are spouses. Of 192 people tested, 103 (53.6%) tested after APS at four weeks. Of 103 HIV positive diagnoses, 55 (53.4) were reported at eight, but not four, weeks, suggesting APS‐assisted identification of new HIV infections. APS appeared to increase both partner HIV testing and identification of HIV‐infected partners across a range of subgroups (Table 1). The magnitude of impact varied. In multivariate analysis, APS appeared more effective among persons in ongoing sexual relationships and less effective among persons with multiple sex partners, a group in whom partner testing and HIV identification remained relatively low. APS significantly improves HIV testing uptake and case‐finding among current sex partners: those in monogamous pairs benefit most. These findings suggest that the model of APS piloted in Mozambique might be most profitably focused on persons in ongoing partnerships and highlights the need for better interventions for persons with multiple sex partners. Abstract TUPDD0104–Table 1. Factors associated with uptake of assisted partner services for HIV testing and HIV diagnosis N=278 Tested Prior to APS # (%) Total Tested at 8 weeks # (%) OR testing Post v Pre APS* (Univariate) OR testing Post v Pre APS** (Multivariate) HIV+ Prior to APS # (%) Total HIV+ at 8 weeks # (%) OR HIV+ Post v Pre APS* (Univariate) OR HIV+ Post v Pre APS** (Multivariate) Male partner (ref: female) 59 (28.8) 142 (69.3) 1.61 (0.91–2.84) 33 (15.8) 78 (38.1) 1.51 (0.76–2.99) Live together 66 (43.4) 124 (81.6) 1.07 (0.67–1.70) 36 (23.7) 71 (46.7) 1.67 (0.92–3.03) IP has >1 sex partner 37 (27.4) 73 (54.1) 0.43 (0.26–0.72) 0.52 (0.31–0.89) 19 (13.6) 33 (24.4) 0.28 (0.15–0.52) 0.39 (0.20–0.77) Has continuing sexual relations 78 (35.3) 172 (77.8) 2.78 (1.44–5.33) 2.09 (1.04–4.17) 43 (19.3) 94 (42.5) 3.36 (1.27–8.93) 1.92 (0.70–5.53) IP reason for HIV testing: symptoms 20 (23.8) 52 (61.9) 0.99 (0.58–1.70) 9 (10.6) 24 (28.6) 0.74 (0.39–1.39) IP reason for HIV testing: prenatal 44 (37.0) 96 (80.7) 1.61 (0.97–2.67) 21 (17.2) 54 (45.4) 2.34 (1.30–4.21) 1.66 (0.91–3.03) Total 89 192 48 103 Results from logistic regression models using the (cluster) option in STATA. 95% CI presented in parentheses. *Results from univariate models. **Results from multivariate models. Results from logistic regression models using the (cluster) option in STATA. 95% CI presented in parentheses. Results from univariate models. Results from multivariate models. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20457 © 2015 Feldacker C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: golden@u.washington.edu Testing partners for HIV in the antenatal period is an effective way to bring HIV services to couples. Leveraging antenatal HIV testing with point of care (POC) diagnostics for other sexually transmitted infections (STI) may improve male partner treatment services among couples. We conducted a prospective study among male partners of pregnant women who received home‐based couple HIV testing and education (HOPE) following a first antenatal visit in Kisumu, Kenya. From April to July 2014, rapid POC syphilis testing (SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0) was added to the package of services for men and those with positive results were referred to the clinic for treatment. We assessed men's acceptance of testing and intention to seek clinic‐based treatment and calculated an odds ratio to examine correlation between uptake of syphilis and HIV testing. Data were available for 73 (83%) couples receiving a HOPE visit. Men were on average 26 years of age (IQR: 22, 29). At study entry, most men reported having previously tested for HIV (93%, n=68), of whom 7% reported being of known HIV positive status (n=5) and 80% reported knowing their female partner's HIV status (n=59). Of 73 men, 67 accepted syphilis testing (92%) among whom 64 intended to attend clinic STI treatment if they received a positive syphilis result (95%). HIV prevalence among the men was14.7% and one man (<1%) was syphilis positive. In this group, 61 (83%) accepted both syphilis and HIV tests. Three men (4%) refused both tests and three men (4%) accepted HIV alone. Six men (8%) accepted syphilis alone, of whom two reported having been previously tested as HIV‐positive. If a man accepted HIV testing, he was 10‐fold as likely to accept syphilis testing, compared to a man who refused HIV testing (OR: 10.2; 95% CI: 1.05–89.3; p=0.02). In a high HIV and low syphilis setting, home‐based education and POC syphilis testing of male partners during pregnancy is highly acceptable when coupled with HIV testing and may encourage men to seek clinic‐based STI services. Integration with HIV testing appears feasible, and syphilis test uptake is highly correlated with HIV test uptake. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20458 © 2015 Mark J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jmark55@uw.edu Understanding factors influencing ART adherence is needed to optimize treatment responses for HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and Hijra/transgender women (TGW) in India. The objective of this formative study was to determine rates of ART uptake and adherence and explore potential factors associated with adherence in Indian MSM and TGW. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey in Hindi among all HIV positive MSM and TGW on ART accessing support services at a LGBT community based organization in Mumbai between July and September 2014. Non‐adherence was measured by self‐report and defined as missing any doses (i.e. <100% adherent) in the past one month and three months. Potential correlates of adherence assessed were sociodemographics, medication side‐effects, depression (CESD‐10), self‐efficacy (GSE), internalized homophobia/stigma and medication beliefs using chi‐square or t‐tests. Of the 300 individuals registered in the organization's HIV support programme, 28.3% (85/300) were eligible for ART by current country standards (e.g. CD4=350 or having an OI) with 22% (65/300) currently on ART. Of those on ART, 83% (54/65) were MSM and 17% (11/65) TGW; 40% (25/65) were married to women, and most (97%) received free ART through government clinics. Overall, 32% (21/65) were non‐adherent in the past one month and 45% (29/65) in past three months. Correlates (p<0.05) of non‐adherence were similar for one month and three months and were associated with younger age, non‐Kothi identity (MSM subgroup), alcohol use, having sex with women, feeling healthy and negative medication beliefs but was not directly associated with depression, internalized homophobia, or medication self‐efficacy. In one of the first studies of adherence among MSM and TGW in India, ART treatment uptake and adherence were suboptimal. Modifiable factors associated with adherence may serve as targets for interventions to support adherence. Further work is however needed to verify self‐report measures with biological outcomes and confirm findings in other samples of Indian MSM and TGW. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20459 © 2015 Pina C et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: christopher.pina@med.einstein.yu.edu The development of a preventative HIV‐1 vaccine will most likely require induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BCN). Neutralizing antibodies develop in almost all HIV‐1 infected individuals, however they develop months following HIV‐1 infection and they are strain‐specific. The development of BCN antibodies occurs only in 20–30% of HIV‐1 infected individuals. However, the mechanism that leads to the development of BCN is unknown and not all epitopes have been identified. The aim of the study was to evaluate pathways and mechanisms that lead to the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Twenty individuals with acute HIV‐1 infection were identified and followed longitudinally for three years in Durban, KwaZulu‐Natal. A panel of 18 viruses (6 subtype A, 6B and 6C) was used to screen the patients for neutralizing antibodies at 2–3 years post‐infection using the TZM‐bl neutralization assay. The patients that developed broadly neutralizing antibodies were followed up longitudinally at 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, 71, 88, 100, 124, 150, 200 weeks to determine the timing of emergence of the BCNs. Specificity of BCNs was determined using single point mutagenesis at 3 years post‐infection. Three out of 20 individuals (AS3‐268, AS2‐1037, AS2‐358) developed broadly neutralizing antibodies. AS3‐268 developed potent BCN activity peaking at three years post‐infection and it targets N276A glycan on the CD4 binding site of gp120. AS2‐1037 developed potent broadly neutralizing activity peaking at two years post‐infection and it targets N332A glycan on the V3 loop of gp120. AS2‐358 developed BCNs peaking at two years post‐infection and it did not map to any known specific epitope. Broadly neutralizing antibodies could be detected at approximately one year post‐infection and they targeted different epitopes on the viral envelope. Work is currently in progress to assess the maturation of breadth and to assess antibody‐virus co‐evolution. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20460 © 2015 Ndlovu B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: bongiwendlovu4@ukzn.ac.za The MRKAd5 Gag/Pol/Nef vaccine increased the risk of HIV acquisition. However, the Step study suggested an HLA‐specific benefit in viral setpoint to vaccinees who subsequently became infected. The Phambili trial, using the same MRKAd5 vaccine, presented an opportunity to investigate the existence of an HLA‐specific effect in a genetically distinct South African population. Gag‐specific CD8 T‐cell responses restricted by protective South African HLA alleles such as HLA‐B*57 are associated with successful control of infection, while disease‐susceptible alleles such as HLA‐B*58:02 present non‐Gag epitopes and are associated with rapid progression. We hypothesized that the MRKAd5 Gag/Pol/Nef vaccine might redirect responses towards Gag in HLA‐B*58:02+ Phambili subjects who would not target it naturally. Viral loads (VL), CD4 T‐cell counts, HLA types and ELISpot anti‐HIV CD8 T‐cell responses were analyzed in subjects blinded to vaccine/placebo assignment. All data analyzed were from ART‐naïve subjects. HLA‐B*58:02 was the most prevalent allele (population frequency 23%). HLA‐B*58:02+ vaccinees (n=7) had lower viral setpoints than placebo‐recipients (n=7) (25,670 vs. 215,500, p=0.03), a 0.8log lower VL calculated using all longitudinal pre‐ART data via a mixed effects model (p<0.001, Figure 1a), reached CD4<350 cells/µl slower (p=0.002, Figure 1b) and showed an increase in Gag breadth in ELISpot assays (p=0.04) compared to HLA‐B*58:02+ placebo‐recipients. In addition to the known increased risk of HIV acquisition resulting from the MRKAd5 Gag/Pol/Nef vaccine, these current data suggest a therapeutic effect of the same vaccine in subjects expressing HLA‐B*58:02, an African HLA allele strongly associated with rapid progression in natural HIV infection. HLA‐B*58:02+ vaccinees showed a lower viral setpoint and slower time to CD4<350 cells/µl, associated with increased Gag‐specific ELISpot responses. Caveats to the study include limitation of ELISpot assays to only 60 of 100 study subjects, selected based on cell availability; and of HLA typing to 79 subjects, based on material availability. These factors potentially introduced unintended selection bias effects. Nonetheless, these data on ART‐naïve subjects are consistent with Step studies, indicating a beneficial therapeutic MRKAd5 HLA‐specific effect that in South Africa includes the most prevalent HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*58:02. Abstract WEPDA0102–Figure 1. (a) Graphical presentations of patient longitudinal pre‐ART data and regression lines obtained from a variable intercept linear mixed effects model showing longitudinal VL differences in infected B*58:02+vaccinees (blue, n=7) and placebo‐recipients (red, n=7); ANOVA. (b) Kaplan‐Meier curves showing time to CD4<350 cells/µl in infected HLA‐B*58:02+vaccinees (blue, n=7) and placebo‐recipients (red, n=7); log rank test. Abstract WEPDA0102–Figure 1. (a) Graphical presentations of patient longitudinal pre‐ART data and regression lines obtained from a variable intercept linear mixed effects model showing longitudinal VL differences in infected B*58:02+vaccinees (blue, n=7) and placebo‐recipients (red, n=7); ANOVA. (b) Kaplan‐Meier curves showing time to CD4<350 cells/µl in infected HLA‐B*58:02+vaccinees (blue, n=7) and placebo‐recipients (red, n=7); log rank test. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20461 © 2015 Leitman E M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: ellen.leitman@st‐hughs.ox.ac.uk HIV‐1 subtype C accounts for about 50% of the global HIV‐1 infections. It is the predominant subtype in India, Ethiopia and countries in southern Africa. However, virological attributes to this unique epidemiological pattern have not yet been fully defined. A total of 207 HIV‐1 positive plasma or established strains were cultured and expanded to higher titre stocks by culturing in PBMCs from HIV‐1 negative donors. Near full‐length genome (NFLG) sequences were obtained by amplifying two overlapping half genomes. The newly obtained sequences were aligned to the HIV‐1 whole genome reference sequences for subtyping. Viral genome copy numbers, tissue culture infection doses (TCID) and p24 concentrations were determined for virus stocks and compared via linear regression among major subtypes. Mann‐Whitney U tests were used for the infectivity comparisons at the alpha 0.05 level. Analysis of NFLG sequences showed that these viruses belonged to subtype A1 (16), subtype B (48), subtype C (53), subtype D (10), CRF01_AE (12), other subtypes and CRFs (F1, F2 G, CRF02, and CRF022; each with ≤8 sequences) and URFs (45). Only subtypes with ≥10 NFLG sequences were subjected to further analysis. No biologically relevant differences (a 0.5 log10 difference) among all compared subtypes were observed for three measurements: viral genome copy numbers, TCID, and p24 concentrations. The only exception was that the TCID of subtype C was 0.51 log higher than that of CRF01 (p=0.04). The infectivity per viral genome (TCID/RNA copy) was the highest for subtype C (0.00452 TCID/RNA copy) and was significantly higher than those of all four compared subtypes (A1, B, D and CRF01_AE; p=0.0286, p=0.0004, p<0.001 and p=0.0205, respectively). The p24/RNA copy ratios of subtypes C and B (0.13 and 0.12 pg/RNA copy, respectively) were the highest and were significantly higher than those of subtypes A1 and D (p<0.05), but similar to that of CRF01_AE. The high infectivity of HIV‐1 subtype C may give it more replication advantages and allow it to disseminate faster in HIV‐1 infected populations in some geographic areas compared to other subtypes. High infectivity may play a critical role in the global epidemic of subtype C. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20462 © 2015 Demarco T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: todd.demarco@dm.duke.edu The HIV‐1 accessory protein Nef is essential for HIV‐1 pathogenesis and progression to AIDS. By hijacking the cellular trafficking machinery Nef is able to alter T cell activation, increase viral replication and permit viral immune evasion via downregulation of the cell‐surface receptors CD28, CD4 and MHC I, respectively. However, only recently have these functions been studied outside of laboratory‐adapted strains of HIV‐1. This proposal aims to investigate how the high degree of HIV‐1 genetic diversity impacts Nef function. An HIV‐1 based lentiviral expression system was used to express Nef proteins from 10 group M subtypes (A1, A2, B, C, F1, F2, G, H, J and K) in the context of an HIV‐1 infection. T cell lines were infected with pseudoviruses encoding Nef proteins and analyzed for surface levels of CD28 and MHC‐I using fluorescent antibody staining and flow cytometry. Alternatively, CD4 cell surface levels were measured by transfecting CD4+ HeLa cells with expression plasmids encoding Nef‐GFP fusion proteins followed by fluorescent antibody staining and flow cytometry. Nef expression was determined by a combination of western blot analysis and flow cytometry to measure fluorophore fused Nef proteins. Our results demonstrate that MHC I, CD28 and CD4 are differentially downregulated between HIV‐1 subtypes. Notably, subtype C Nef, the most common subtype globally, was significantly less efficient at downregulating MHC I and CD28 when compared to the laboratory strain NL4.3. Subtype G Nef, found predominantly in Central and West Africa, was significantly less efficient at downregulating all three cell surface receptors. Differences in downregulation efficiency for all three receptors were attributed to variations in Nef protein expression. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of Nef function among 10 HIV‐1 subtypes and adds to the growing evidence that HIV‐1 genetic diversity impacts viral protein function. Due to the pathogenic role Nef plays in an HIV‐1 infection, these results may help explain recent studies that show differences in disease progression in individuals infected with different HIV‐1 subtypes. Finally, these findings support further study of all major HIV‐1 subtypes and emphasize the need to consider subtype differences when developing alternative treatment options. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20463 © 2015 Johnson A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: aaronjohnson13@gmail.com Viral diversity provides a major challenge in the development of a vaccine against HIV‐1. A potential target for HIV‐1 vaccines is gp120 envelope protein, which is involved in viral entry and is a target of the host immune system. It has been shown that Envelope characteristics have a role to play in disease progression. However some studies have demonstrated conflicting results. In this study, we aim to analyze HIV‐1gp120 characteristics, specifically: potential N‐ glycosylation sites, amino acid sequence length and net electric charge in cell associated and cell free RNA derived from recently and chronically infected individuals in Botswana. This was a retrospective study using stored samples collected from treatment naïve HIV‐1C infected cohorts at Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, representing recently infected and long term infection as determined by serological assays for recency and longitudinal follow up. A 1200 base pairs fragment of V1 to V5 region of gp120 was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced on both strands using Big Dye Technology in proviral DNA and cell free RNA. Potential N‐glycosylation sites were determined using Los Alamos HIV sequence database while subtype was assigned using REGA HIV subtyping tool. There was a significant increase in amino acid sequence length of V2 (p=0.027) and V4 (p=0.0099) in proviral DNA in the chronic stage as compared to the recent stage of infection. Similar changes were also observed in cell free RNA in V4 (p=0.0074). In addition, the number of potential N‐linked glycosylation sites in proviral DNA was significantly increased in chronic infection in V4 (p=0.0253). No significant changes in net electric charges were observed. There was an association between viral load and V4 region (p<0.001). All samples were classified as subtype C. The increase in amino acid sequence length and potential N‐Glycosylation sites in the V2 and V4 region may be essential in disease progression. The changes observed in V2 and V4 warrant further investigation. A clear understanding of envelope characteristics is important for development and design of new vaccine and therapeutics. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20464 © 2015 Mohammed T et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: tmohammed@bhp.org.bw Follicular T helper cells (Tfh), a subset of CD4 T lymphocytes, are essential for B‐cell activation and provide help to B cells in the production of antigen‐specific antibodies. Although several studies have analyzed the dynamics of Tfh cells in the context of AIDS by analyzing peripheral blood and LNs of HIV‐infected patients, paradoxically, none of these studies in HIV/SIV infection have addressed the role of Tfh cells in the primary organ of B‐cell activation, the spleen. To address these questions, we have infected rhesus macaques with SIVmac251 (20 AID50). Animals were killed at different time points post‐infection and lymphoid organs were recovered. Tfh cells (PD‐1highCXCR5+) and CD4+ T cell subsets were monitored by flow cytometry. Concomitantly, B‐cell subsets were also analyzed. CD4 T‐cell subsets were sorted and SIV DNA was quantified by RT‐PCR. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that the percentages and numbers of splenic Tfh cells decrease early during the acute phase in macaques infected with SIV. This profound loss and abnormal differentiation of Tfh is also associated with the loss of memory B‐cell subsets. Moreover, SIV DNA is detected in splenic Tfh cells early after infection. Finally, our results showed that the frequency of splenic Tfh and memory B cells are higher in slow‐progressor compared to rapid progressor RMs at the chronic phase. Altogether, our results demonstrate the drastic depletion of splenic memory B cells, which might be related to the loss of fully maturated Tfh cells. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20562 © 2015 Moukambi F et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: felicien.moukambi@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca Point‐of‐care or “rapid” serologic assays for HIV are widely used in resources‐limited setting. Their evaluation in the field carried out independently of the fabricant is crucial to assess their capability to accurately detect non‐B subtypes or circulating recombinant form (CRF) of HIV‐1. Our objective was to evaluate the HIV‐1/HIV‐2 INSTI® test (distributed by Nephrotec, Rungis, France) for the diagnosis of non‐B subtypes and CRF of HIV‐1 circulating in Gabon, a country of wide genetic diversity. A panel of 250 HIV‐positive and 250 HIV‐negative plasmas was prospectively collected after informed consent in adult patients attending the Laboratoire National de Référence des MST et du SIDA, Libreville, as recommended by the WHO (Service delivery approaches to HIV testing and counselling: A strategic policy framework; 2012). The reference HIV serology consisted of ImmunoComb II HIV1&2 BiSpot (Inverness Medical Innovations, Yavne, Israel) as screening test followed by confirmatory Western blot (New Lav Blot I, Bio‐Rad, Marnes‐la‐Coquette, France). All HIV‐positive plasma were furthermore subjected to HIV genotyping by pol nested PCR, amplicons sequencing, and analysis of resulting FASTA sequences by Genotyping software from NCBI. A subgroup of 1 out of 10 patients was also tested in parallel with finger‐stick whole blood INSTI® test. All HIV‐1 belong to HIV‐1 group M with broad HIV‐1 genetic diversity as assessed using pol sequences (CRF02_AG (53%), CRF14 (18%), CRF15 (12%), CRF01_AE (8%), A1 (4%), G (2%), K (2%), B (1%)). Among 250 HIV‐infected and 250 HIV‐negative plasmas, 250 and 249, respectively, were positive or negative by INSTI®. Thus, INSTI® test sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99.6%, respectively; positive and negative predictive values in Gabon were 91.5% and 100%, respectively. For the major subtype CRF_02AG, sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Finally, all 50 patients tested in parallel using plasma and capillary blood and were identified similarly. HIV‐1/HIV‐2 INSTI® test is highly reliable for the detection of various non‐B HIV‐1 antibodies, both in plasma and capillary blood; and it fulfils the WHO criteria for HIV test prequalification. The rapid INSTI® test could be useful for HIV screening in Gabon, as well as in other sub‐Saharan African countries. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20465 © 2015 Ndjoyi‐Mbiguino A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: nzenguig@yahoo.fr Roche COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan HIV‐1 Qualitative version 2 (TaqMan v2 qual) has recently been released for testing of dried blood spot (DBS) for infants and plasma for adults that are antiretroviral (ARV) naïve; however, ARV status of patients is often unknown. This study evaluated the use of whole blood (WB) for HIV‐1 detection using TaqMan v2 qual. 133 samples (125 EDTA, 8 Virology Quality Assurance (VQA) WB) were used with known HIV‐1 status (positive, n=75; negative, n=58) as per Roche Amplicor HIV‐1 DNA PCR assay v1.5 (Roche v1.5). EDTA samples were split: 1 mL plasma, 100 µL WB and 70 µL DBS. Samples were processed using TaqMan v2 qual according to manufacturer's instructions and results compared to Roche v1.5. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each sample type and compared to EDTA plasma viral load. Seven WB samples (HIV‐1 positive, n=4; HIV‐1 negative, n=3) were evaluated for reproducibility and precision using the TaqMan v2 qual. Of the 69 Roche v1.5 HIV‐1 positive samples, 68 were detected using TaqMan v2 qual DBS or WB; whereas only 60 were detected using TaqMan v2 qual plasma. HIV‐1 positive samples missed had either a viral load of not detected or <20 RNA copies/mL. The TaqMan v2 qual plasma samples missed 13% of HIV‐1 positive samples. No false positives were observed across the three different matrixes evaluated. Of the 8 VQA WB samples tested on TaqMan v2 qual and Roche v1.5, 100% concordance was observed (n=6, HIV‐1 positive; n=2, HIV‐1 negative). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are detailed in the table below. Reproducibility and precision was 100% for all samples tested. TaqMan v2 qual using DBS or WB had the highest sensitivity when compared to Roche v1.5 (98.5%). Plasma samples on TaqMan v2 qual missed 13% of HIV‐1 positive samples. With the increase of microbicide use, pre‐exposure prophylaxis and reported poor disclosure of prior ARV use, this study indicates that plasma samples are not the ideal sample matrix for testing adults when ARV exposure is unknown. The high percentage of adult samples that were missed would have serious implications for decreasing HIV‐1 transmission rates. Abstract WEPDB0102–Table 1. Diagnostic Sensitivity and Specificity of the Roche COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan HIV‐1 Qualitative version 2 compared to the Roche Amplicor HIV‐1 DNA PCR assay v1.5 Roche COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan HIV‐1 Qualitative version 2 sample type Sensitivity Specificity Whole blood 98.5% 100% Plasma 87.0% 100% Dried blood spot 98.5% 100% 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20466 © 2015 Viana R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: carole.wallis@lancet.co.za Over the past decade of antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale‐up, median CD4 counts at ART initiation have increased and ART initiation is recommended at progressively higher CD4 thresholds. However data on the relationship between CD4 count at ART initiation and loss to follow‐up (LTFU) are limited and conflicting. We investigated the association between higher CD4 counts at ART initiation and LTFU in South Africa (SA). All adults initiating ART between 2008 and 2012 at 3 public sector sites in SA were included. LTFU was defined as no clinic visit in the six months before database closure. The Kaplan‐Meier estimator and Cox's models examined the relationship between CD4 count at ART initiation and 24‐month LTFU. Estimates of corrected LTFU were generated adjusting observed LTFU for unascertained deaths through linkage via identification numbers (IDs) with the SA National Population Register. Final models were adjusted for patient demographics, year of ART initiation, and programme expansion. Among 17,038 patients, the median CD4 at initiation increased from 119 (interquartile range (IQR): 54–180) in 2008 to 257 (IQR: 175–318) in 2012. In unadjusted models, observed LTFU was associated with both CD4 counts<100 cells/mL and CD4 counts≥300 cells/mL compared to those with a CD4 count 150–199 cells/mL. After adjustment, patients with CD4 counts ≥300 cells/mL were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.12–1.63) times as likely to be LTFU after 24 months compared to those with a CD4 count 150–199 cells/mL. Correction for unascertained deaths attenuated the association between CD4 counts <100 cells/mL and LTFU while the association between CD4 counts ≥300 cells/mL and LTFU persisted (Figure 1). Increases in LTFU observed in patients with CD4 counts ≥300 cells/mL was greatest in the first three months on treatment. In sensitivity analyses imputing missing CD4 values at ART initiation and using inverse probability weighting to account for missing IDs, the association between higher CD4 counts and increased LTFU persisted. Patients initiating ART at higher CD4 counts may be at increased risk for LTFU, particularly early after ART initiation. With programmes initiating patients at progressively higher CD4 counts models of ART delivery need to be reoriented to support long‐term retention. Abstract WEPDB0103–Figure 1. Adjusted 12‐month log hazard ratios of observed and corrected LTFU from Cox's proportional hazards models by CD4 count at ART initiation. Abstract WEPDB0103–Figure 1. Adjusted 12‐month log hazard ratios of observed and corrected LTFU from Cox's proportional hazards models by CD4 count at ART initiation. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20467 © 2015 Grimsrud A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: agrimsrud@gmail.com WHO now recommends routine viral load (VL) monitoring, and the scale up of this has started in sub‐Saharan Africa. Recent publications from the region suggest that often patients with detectable VL delay switching to second line ART or are not switched. To evaluate the outcome of patients with a VL>1000 copies/mL accessing care at a large urban HIV Centre in Kampala, Uganda. At IDI VL tests have been available since 2005. Until December 2014 these were reserved for patients with documented immunological or clinical failure. Those patients with detectable VL are managed through a treatment failure path‐way consisting of: 1) review of the results by the clinician, 2) case discussion in the weekly multidisciplinary “switch‐meeting” 3) follow up by a clinician and counsellor based on the decision reached during the “switch‐meeting.” We performed a retrospective audit of a sample of patients on first line ART with VL >1000 in 2014; data was extracted from 95 randomly sampled clinic files and the clinic database. 1093 patients on first line ART were tested for VL in 2014, of which 365 (33.4%) had a detectable VL; of these 95 (26%) clinical files were sampled. Median log10 VL was 4.9 (IQR: 4.7–5.3). The diagram summarizes the action taken for the 95 sampled patients stratified by referral to the treatment failure path‐way. 60/95 (63.1%) were switched to 2nd‐line after a median time of 49 days (IQR: 14–84). Of note an action was taken for all patients referred to the treatment failure path‐way. The majority (65%) of patients with a detectable VL were switched to 2nd‐line, and an additional 28% had an action taken. This is a favourable outcome compared to outcomes in other treatment centres around SSA, and we believe that the “switch meeting” model has helped to ensure that action is taken. We advocate that this additional step be considered in WHO and national guidelines to ensure adherence strengthening and prompt switch to second line in patients failing ART. Abstract WEPDB0104–Figure 1. Action taken for the sampled patients with viral failure stratified by referral to the treatment failure path‐way. Abstract WEPDB0104–Figure 1. Action taken for the sampled patients with viral failure stratified by referral to the treatment failure path‐way. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20468 © 2015 Nsumba M S et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mnsumba@idi.co.ug In resource limited settings, timely plasma separation and transportation to centralized laboratories is a major challenge to the scale‐up of viral load (VL) testing. Whole blood (WB) collection and testing through either dried blood spots (DBS) or point‐of‐care VL assays are potential solutions. However, there is limited evidence on the performance of WB‐based VL assays. We evaluated three WB VL testing platforms, Alere q HIV‐1/2, DBS Abbott RealTime HIV‐1 and Roche CAP/CTM HIV‐1 (DBS, free virus elution protocol) using routine clinical samples across a wide viral load spectrum chosen from South African public sector patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. Abbott RealTime HIV‐1 was used as gold standard and virological failure (VF) was defined for plasma at 1000 copies/mL. Of the 299 samples selected, 153 (51%) had plasma VL>1000 copies/mL. Abbott DBS VL had the best overall VL correlation with its plasma counterpart (r2=0.76), followed by the Roche DBS VL (r2=0.62) and Alere q HIV‐1/2 (r2=0.46). Among samples with VF, Alere q HIV‐1/2 and Abbott DBS assays were highly sensitive, correctly classified 100% and 98% of the samples, respectively. Roche DBS assay was only able to identify 53% of the VF samples correctly. For samples with plasma VL<1000 copies/mL there were upward misclassification due to further VL>1000 copies/mL identified by WB VL on both Alere q HIV‐1/2 (81%) and Abbott DBS VL (21%) when compared to the plasma reference, while Roche DBS VL showed 99% agreement in this category. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the threshold of log10 4.12, 3.43 and 2.60 copies/mL provided the best overall VF classification for Alere q HIV‐1/2 (85%), Abbott DBS VL (94%) and Roche DBS VL (82%), respectively. Variability was noted between the different WB VL assays with difficulties assigning a uniform threshold across all platforms, reflecting the differences in sample treatment/processing (DBS versus fresh blood samples) and sample input volume. The performance at 1000 copies/mL of DBS protocols and point‐of‐care devices remains significantly varied and further development is required to ensure minimal VF misclassification. Abstract WEPDB0105–Table 1. Percent of correct classification of VF by WB HIV VL Abbott RealTime HIV‐1 Plasma VL LDL (lower than detectable limit) Not LDL <1000 copies/mL 1000–10,000 copies/mL >10,000 copies/mL N 94 52 52 101 Alere q HIV‐1/2 WB% correct classification 22% 14% 100% 100% DBS Abbott RealTime HIV‐1% correct classification 87% 63% 94% 100% DBS Roche CAP/CTM HIV‐1% correct classification 100% 98% 0% 80% 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20469 © 2015 Khan A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: aabida.khan@nhls.ac.za Migration contributes significantly to new HIVcases in Canada. This study describes geographic origin trends among HIV+ mothers and perinatally infected children and the impact of geographic origin on vertical HIV transmission (VT) rates among HIV+ mother‐infant pairs (MIP) in Canada from 1990 to 2013. The Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program collects data at 22 centres. The primary focus is on MIP with an infant born in Canada and identified prior to/within three months of birth; MIP with Canadian‐born infants identified after three months and HIV+ children born abroad are also tracked. Data reviewed for this study included: maternal country of origin, clinical characteristics, antiretroviral usage and infant outcome. Logistic regression determined VT rate differences for foreign‐born (FBM) versus Canadian‐born mothers (CBM). Among 3877 MIP, 2089 (53.9%) mothers were FBM. Of 1481 (70.9%) African mothers, 30.7%, 20.1%, 17.7% and 16.7% came from East, Central, Horn and West Africa, respectively. CBM accounted for 66.7% (971/1456) in Western/Central Canada, whereas FBM predominated in Ontario (945/1357, 69.6%; greatest proportion East African, 25.0%) and Quebec (713/1020, 69.9%; greatest proportion Caribbean, 36.2%). The largest numbers of FBM originated from Haiti (12.5%), Ethiopia (8.7%), Congo (7.0%), Zimbabwe (5.4%) and Nigeria (4.6%). In the pre‐cART era (1990–1996), Haiti contributed 29.9% (90/301) of FBM, decreasing to 13.0% (119/918) in 1997–2007 and 6.6% (52/782) in 2008–2013. Since 2008, Ethiopia (80/782, 10.2%), Congo (64/782, 8.2%) and Nigeria (62/782, 7.9%) predominated. VT rate among Canadian‐born children from 1990 to 2013 was 3.8% (3.0% among FBM) and 1.2% from 2008 to 2013 (0.7% among FBM). African mothers had lower risk of VT (1990–2013: OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.29–0.71; 2008–2013: OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.12–1.08) compared to CBM; no differences were seen for other regions. Of 353 HIV+ children (born in Canada or abroad) with FBM, the greatest numbers came from Haiti (48, 13.6%), Ethiopia (33, 9.3%), Burundi (30, 8.5%) and Congo (15, 4.2%). Geographic origins of HIV+ FBM in Canada have changed over time, shifting from predominantly Haitian in the pre‐cART era to predominantly African more recently. African mothers have lower VT rates than CBM. Understanding country‐specific cultural and obstetrical/paediatric health issues is imperative to providing optimal care. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20470 © 2015 Brophy J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jbrophy@cheo.on.ca The Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program (CPHSP) is an active surveillance programme generating national data HIV+ women and their infants in Canada since 1990. We describe the CPHSP’s evolving methodology and analyze mother‐infant pair (MIP) demographics, antiretroviral treatment and vertical transmission (VT) rates in Canada from 1990 to 2013. MIPs are identified at 22 centres following obstetric or paediatric referral for care. Data is entered via a secure web‐based Oracle database, which is managed and analyzed by the CIHR‐Canadian HIV Trials Network. A nationally representative steering committee provides direction and oversight. Data collected include maternal characteristics, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and infant outcome. VT rates are based on data of MIP delivered in Canada and identified within three months after birth; infants identified beyond three months of birth are tracked separately. Among 2914 MIP from the combination ART (cART) era (1997–2013), the overall VT rate was 2.1% but only 0.7% in MIP receiving cART and 0.1% in women receiving >4 weeks of cART. Of 200 identified HIV+ women giving birth in Canada in 2013, 76% acquired HIV heterosexually, 17% through injection drug use (IDU) and 2% perinatally; 53% of mothers were Black and 23% Aboriginal. The proportion untreated steadily decreased from 20.3% in 1997 to 3.0% in 2013. Aboriginal women (7%) continued to represent the largest proportion of untreated women (7%) in 2013, though this decreased from a peak of over 20% during the period 2005–2009. A similar improvement was seen among IDU, with only 3% untreated in 2013. In 2013, seven (3.5%) women had no antenatal cART or suboptimal treatment, the lowest annual number and percentage in the cART era, resulting in two children becoming infected. The CPHSP allows for comprehensive identification of perinatal HIV exposure and outcome trends in Canada. Ongoing challenges include ensuring all MIPS are captured given Canada’s geographically and demographically diverse population and low HIV prevalence. Despite continued improvement in treatment access for pregnant HIV+ women, VT continues to occur with Aboriginal women being at greater risk of inadequate treatment and VT. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20471 © 2015 Singer J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: singerjoel@hotmail.com HIV acquisition among sub‐Saharan migrants living in Europe has long been considered to predominantly occur before migration because of generalized HIV epidemics in sub‐Saharan African countries. Recent evidence suggests that a substantial proportion have acquired HIV while they were living in Europe. In the UK, this proportion was recently estimated at 31% using a CD4‐based modelling approach. Such an estimate is not currently available for France. We estimated the proportion of sub‐Saharan migrants who acquired HIV infection after their arrival in France using life‐event and clinical information on a random sample of HIV‐infected hospital outpatients born in sub‐Saharan Africa in Paris region. We assumed that HIV infection had probably been acquired in France if at least one of the following life‐event criterion was fulfilled: 1) HIV diagnosis >10 years after arrival in France, 2) ≥1 negative HIV test in France, and 3) sexual debut after arrival in France. If none of these criteria was fulfilled, we estimated the duration from HIV infection based on first CD4 count measurement using statistical modelling. Infection was assigned in France if, out of 500 durations estimated for each individual, >50% (median scenario) or >95% (conservative scenario) fell within the period while individuals were living in France. Of the 898 HIV‐infected adults born in sub‐Saharan Africa included in the analysis, we estimated that 49% (95% confidence interval: 45–53) in the median scenario and 35% (31–39) in the conservative scenario acquired HIV while living in France. This proportion was lower for women than men (30% (25–35) vs. 44% (37–51) in the conservative scenario) and increased with duration in France. The proportion of sub‐Saharan African migrants having acquired HIV infection while living in France is high, highlighting the need for improved focused HIV prevention. This requires a better understanding of the determinants of HIV infection in France in this population. Abstract WEPDC0103–Figure 1. Flow chart – assignment of HIV acquisition. Abstract WEPDC0103–Figure 1. Flow chart – assignment of HIV acquisition. Abstract WEPDC0103–Table 1. France HIV acquisition – conservative scenario Men Women N Weighted % 95% CI p value N Weighted % 95% CI p value Overall 348 43.9 37.4–50.6 550 30.0 25.1–35.4 Age at arrival in France <25 yr 84 78.1 65.5–87.1 <0.001 171 54.1 46.5–61.5 <0.001 25–34 yr 139 44.3 35.9–53.2 251 24.5 17.7–32.8 35 yr and more 125 19.8 13.0–28.8 128 8.4 4.4–15.5 Number of years in France 0–2 137 10.3 4.9–20.6 <0.001 254 5.4 3.2–8.9 <0.001 prior to diagnosis 3–5 45 19.3 7.0–43.0 93 23.4 18.6–29.0 6–9 39 54.0 36.2–70.9 67 52.5 36.3–68.3 10 or more 106 93.5 85.4–97.3 95 86.0 77.0–91.9 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20472 © 2015 Lou A D et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: julie.pannetier@ceped.org In many parts of the U.S., immigrants from sub‐Saharan Africa comprise a large proportion of heterosexual HIV cases. However, little is known about the frequency of ongoing HIV transmission within these communities. Public Health‐Seattle and King County staff routinely interview patients newly reported with HIV infection, and attempt to contact sex partners to ensure notification and HIV testing. We describe the characteristics, testing history and partner outcomes for African‐born persons newly reported with HIV infection in King County (KC), WA from 1/1/2010 to 12/31/2013. Additionally, we reconstructed an HIV‐1 pol phylogeny for 1430 cases diagnosed in KC 2008–2014, with 100 sequences each from Kenya and Ethiopia added for African references. During the study period, 1148 adults were reported with HIV in KC, including 101 (8.8%) born in Africa. Of 63 cases in African‐born individuals with new HIV diagnoses, 49 (77.8%) were interviewed for partner services. Seven reported being diagnosed with HIV‐infection before U.S. arrival and were excluded from further analysis, leaving 42 individuals. Median time from U.S. arrival to HIV diagnosis was 7.0 years (range: 8 days–26.7 years). Most were born in East African countries (N=34, 81.0%). Twenty‐seven (64.3%) were women; mean age was 42.6 years (range: 24.9–62.2). Sixteen (38.1%) cases reported at least one negative test prior to HIV diagnosis, and 11 (31.4%) reported >1 negative HIV test after U.S. arrival. Pol genotypes were available for seven of these 11 cases; for six of these seven, a local case was the nearest phylogenetic neighbour, and two were infected with subtype B virus. This suggests local transmission sources for these six cases. The 42 newly diagnosed individuals identified 47 partners; six (12.8%) partners had been diagnosed with HIV infection prior to the investigation. Thirteen partners were newly HIV tested as a result of index patients’ HIV diagnoses; five (38.5%) were HIV‐infected. Of the 11 partners who were previously positive (6) or newly diagnosed (5), seven were interviewed and six were African‐born. We found substantial evidence of ongoing HIV transmission in the African community of KC. Additional efforts are needed to increase HIV testing and prevention among African immigrants in the U.S. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20473 © 2015 Kerani R et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: rkerani@uw.edu National and district level HIV prevalence rates may obscure substantial variation of HIV disease burden at the community level. Understanding the extent to which HIV differs across communities and the drivers of disparities and similarities within individual districts may offer opportunities for a more effective, targeted HIV response. HIV prevalence and risk behaviours were assessed among 17,109 individuals (53.8% female vs. 46.2% male) in 40 communities in Rakai District, Uganda between August 2011 and October 2013 through the population‐based Rakai Community Cohort Study. Communities were classified as lakeside fish landing sites (n=4), agrarian (n=27) or trading communities (n=9) based upon occupation analysis. HIV prevalence was geospatially mapped using Bayesian methods and variability across and within community classifications was characterized. Differences in risk behaviours between communities were assessed using modified Poisson regression models. There was large variation in HIV prevalence, ranging from 9 to 43%, across communities (see Figure below). Fish landing sites had a mean HIV prevalence of 41% (range: 37–43%). Mean HIV prevalence in trading communities was 17% with substantial variability (range: 11–22%) and 14% in agrarian communities, also with substantial variability (range: 9–26%). Agrarian and trading communities in close proximity (<18 km) to fishing landing sites had HIV prevalence ranging from 11 to 26%. Overall, HIV prevalence was higher among women than men (p=0.01), and the disparity was greatest in the fish landing sites (49% vs. 34%). The proportion of males and females reporting =4 sex partners in the last year was 6.4 (95% CI: 4.1–11.0) and 3.2 (95% CI: 2.7–3.8) times higher in fishing communities than in the agrarian/trading population, respectively. Levels of consistent condom use with non‐marital partners were significantly lower in the fish landing sites (RR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.69–0.94). Large variations in HIV prevalence and risk factors across communities in rural Rakai underscores the need for a granular approach to HIV prevention and response based on local assessment of HIV burden and risks and locally tailored interventions that may include targeting of high risk groups such as those in fish landing sites. Abstract WEPDC0105–Figure 1. HIV prevalence in each of the 40 RCCS communities. Abstract WEPDC0105–Figure 1. HIV prevalence in each of the 40 RCCS communities. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20474 © 2015 Chang L et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: mgrabows@jhsph.edu Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) constitutes a significant source of morbidity and mortality in resource‐limited regions. One million cases occur annually, representing 10–30% of HIV‐related death in prevalent regions. Optimal interventions for CM prevention remain unclear. The recently developed serum cryptococcal antigen lateral‐flow assay (CRAG‐LFA) is highly sensitive and specific, and may allow early detection of subclinical cryptococcemia in those at risk of developing CM. We sought to determine the cost‐effectiveness of implementing CRAG‐LFA screening for people living with HIV in Uganda compared to other interventions for CM prevention. A decision‐tree model was constructed to compare three strategies for cryptococcal prevention among people living with HIV (PLWH) with CD4<100: Standard of care (SOC, i.e. no cryptococcal screening), CRAG‐LFA screening followed by evaluation and treatment of cryptococcemia or universal primary prophylaxis (UPP) with fluconazole for all patients and no CRAG‐LFA screening. Primary outcomes were expected costs, DALY’s and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs). In sensitivity analysis, we analyzed the impact of costs, prevalence and alternative clinical algorithms on the cost‐effectiveness of CRAG‐LFA screening. CRAG‐LFA screening was associated with an ICER of $5.88 per DALY averted compared to SOC, and was highly cost‐effective at current willingness to pay thresholds for Uganda. CRAG‐LFA screening dominated the UPP intervention (i.e. both cheaper and more effective). Overall, implementation of CRAG‐LFA screening was projected to cost $1.46 more per person than SOC, and could reduce the relative risk of cryptococcal‐associated mortality by over 40%. When including the cost of lifetime ART, the ICER for CRAG‐LFA screening was $557 compared to SOC and still considered cost‐effective. In sensitivity analysis, prevalence of baseline CM and cost of the CRAG‐LFA influenced cost‐effectiveness. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the CRAG‐LFA screening intervention was cost‐effective in 100% of simulations, and cost‐saving in 30% of simulations. CRAG‐LFA screening is extremely cost‐effective with the potential to prevent significant morbidity and mortality from CM in vulnerable populations, and represents excellent value for money as a screening intervention for HIV programs in Uganda. Abstract WEPDD0101–Table 1. Cost‐effectiveness projection results Intervention Total Cost Incremental Cost Incremental Cost (including lifetime ART) DALYs Accumulated Incremental Effectiveness (DALYs averted) Incremental Cost‐Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) Incremental Cost‐Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) including lifetime ART Standard of Care (SOC) 9.12 REFERENCE REFERENCE 8.55 REFERENCE REFERENCE REFERENCE CRAG‐LFA Screening 10.58 1.46 139.48 8.30 0.25 5.88 557.60 Universal Primary Prophylaxis (UPP) 236.23 227.10 332.19 8.35 0.20 1141.96 1660.95 Abstract WEPDD0101–Figure 1. Decision‐analysis model schematic. Abbreviations: SOC‐Standard of care, UPP‐Universal fluconazole primary prophylaxis, CRAG‐LFA–cryptococal antigen lateral flow assay, CM‐cryptococcal meningitis, WTP‐WHO pre‐emptive therapy. Decision‐analytic model schematic. We modeled progression or relapse of CM over a 5 year time‐horizon for a cohort of PLWH with CD4 < 100. In all model arms symptomatic patients at baseline receive evaluation for CM assumed to include a lumbar puncture (LP), and treatment if diagnosed with CM. We assumed ART initiation in all arms. The model explores three interventions for prevention of cryptococcal morbidity for those without a baseline diagnosis of CM: 1) SOC, in which patients receive no CM screening or prophylaxis 2) UPP, in which all asymptomatic patients (and symptomatic patients without CM diagnosis * as noted in the model) receive primary prophylaxis with 200 mg of fluconazole. 3) CRAG‐LFA, in which all patients receive serum CRAG‐LFA screening. Individuals with positive CRAG were assumed to receive the WHO preemptive treatment for cryptococcemia with fluconazole 800 mg for two weeks, followed by fluconazole 400 mg for eight weeks. CRAG‐negative individuals receive no further antifungal therapy. Abstract WEPDD0101–Figure 1. Decision‐analysis model schematic. Abbreviations: SOC‐Standard of care, UPP‐Universal fluconazole primary prophylaxis, CRAG‐LFA–cryptococal antigen lateral flow assay, CM‐cryptococcal meningitis, WTP‐WHO pre‐emptive therapy. Decision‐analytic model schematic. We modeled progression or relapse of CM over a 5 year time‐horizon for a cohort of PLWH with CD4 < 100. In all model arms symptomatic patients at baseline receive evaluation for CM assumed to include a lumbar puncture (LP), and treatment if diagnosed with CM. We assumed ART initiation in all arms. The model explores three interventions for prevention of cryptococcal morbidity for those without a baseline diagnosis of CM: 1) SOC, in which patients receive no CM screening or prophylaxis 2) UPP, in which all asymptomatic patients (and symptomatic patients without CM diagnosis * as noted in the model) receive primary prophylaxis with 200 mg of fluconazole. 3) CRAG‐LFA, in which all patients receive serum CRAG‐LFA screening. Individuals with positive CRAG were assumed to receive the WHO preemptive treatment for cryptococcemia with fluconazole 800 mg for two weeks, followed by fluconazole 400 mg for eight weeks. CRAG‐negative individuals receive no further antifungal therapy. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20475 © 2015 Ramachandran A et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: aramach7@jhmi.edu Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV improves patient outcomes and minimizes risk of transmission. Provider‐initiated testing and counselling (PITC) is an effective case‐finding strategy, but implementation models vary. Malawi Ministry of Health (MOH) guidelines recommend routine opt‐out PITC, in line with WHO recommendations for countries with generalized epidemics, but little is known about its implementation. Our objective was to assess PITC implementation in Malawi. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of PITC implementation at 118 clinics and wards within 12 MOH facilities in central Malawi during June–July 2014. Qualitative data detailing PITC practices was collected through structured interviews with 71 providers who conduct HIV testing at their facility, and characterized using standardized definitions (Figure 1). Quantitative data describing patient visits and HIV tests recorded during 2013 was abstracted from MOH HIV testing reports. Variable models of PITC were reported across facilities and departments (Table 1). Overall, symptom‐based PITC was most commonly reported. Only antenatal and maternity (20/24) departments reported implementing routine opt‐out testing. Use of a PITC register varied significantly according to department type. Only 7.7% (86,657/1,102,802) of patient visits in 2013 included an HIV test. Subgroup analysis of TB and antenatal clinics with available data demonstrated that HIV status was ascertained in 94.3% (5293/5615) and 86.8% (26,831/30,961) of patients, respectively. Providers most commonly cited test kit shortages (71/71 providers), inadequate physical space (58/71) and inadequate number of HIV counsellors (32/71) as challenges in PITC implementation. Providers from inpatient units cited the inability to test on weekends (8/16). Various models of PITC concurrently exist at MOH facilities in Malawi. Only antenatal and maternity clinics demonstrated high rates of routine opt‐out PITC. The low ratio of facility visits that included an HIV test suggest missed opportunities for HIV testing. However, the high proportion of patients at TB and antenatal clinics with known HIV status suggest routine testing is feasible. These results underscore the need to develop clear, standardized PITC protocols and tools, and to address obstacles of limited health commodities, infrastructure and human resources. Abstract WEPDD0102–Figure 1. Definitions of PITC models. Abstract WEPDD0102–Figure 1. Definitions of PITC models. Abstract WEPDD0102–Table 1. Reported PITC model and use of PITC register Types of PITC reported, n (%) Department type Routine opt‐out Routine opt‐in Symptom‐based PITC register in use, n (%) TB Clinic 5/12 (42) 7/12 (58) 0/12 (0) 12/12 (100) Antenatal clinic and maternity ward 20/24 (83) 4/24 (17) 0/24 (0) 24/24 (100) Family planning clinic 1/11 (9) 7/11 (64) 3/11 (27) 8/11 (73) STI clinic 3/6 (50) 3/6 (50) 0/6 (0) 6/6 (100) Outpatient Department, Under‐5 clinic, and immunization clinic 4/36 (11) 4/36 (11) 28/36 (78) 9/36 (25) Malnutrition clinic 7/10 (7) 2/10 (20) 1/10 (10) 5/10 (50) Adult and paediatric inpatient wards 1/19 (5) 3/19 (16) 15/19 (79) 5/19 (26) Totals 41/118 (35) 30/118 (25) 47/118 (40) 69/118 (59) 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20476 © 2015 Schwarz M et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: monica.ann.schwarz@gmail.com CD4 count is essential to identify antiretroviral treatment (ART) eligibility. For over a decade, Médecins Sans Frontières and the Ministry of Health provides ART in 10 rural health centres (HCs) in Chiradzulu District, Malawi. From June 2013, Alere’s PIMATM CD4 point‐of‐care (POC) test is being implemented in the HCs. Shortage of health care‐ and laboratory staff is an issue in this setting. We assessed task‐shifting of PIMA CD4 test operation to non‐health workers living in the community around the HCs. Four non‐health workers received a one‐week structured training on PIMA CD4 POC operation. Between June 2014 and January 2015, 331 venous blood samples of pre‐ART and ART‐patients attending routine CD4‐testing in two rural HCs were included. Each sample was assessed on site with PIMA by a lab technician (LT) and a trained community worker (TCW), and measured with PartecCyflow® counter at district hospital. Kappa‐coefficient and percent agreement for CD4‐classification below and above relevant thresholds were obtained. Bias and limits of agreement (LOA) were assessed for absolute CD4 counts. PIMA error‐rates and failed runs (2 consecutive errors) were recorded and TCW‐operator acceptability assessed. Three‐hundred‐twenty‐eight venous blood samples (85% ART‐patients, 68.5% female) were included. Median CD4 count (LT PIMA) was 425 cells/µL (IQR: 323, 570). Error rates were low (LT: 1.2% vs. TCW: 2.4%, p=0.34) and no failed runs occurred. Good agreement was achieved for PIMA results by LTs versus TCWs for CD4 threshold 350 cells/µL (91.7% (95% CI: 88.2–94.5); kappa=0.80) and 500 cells/µL (91.1% (95% CI: 87.5–93.9); kappa=0.80). The mean bias (TCW‐PIMA minus LT‐PIMA) was low (−2.2 cells/µL (LOA: 137.4, −141.9)). Bias and LOA comparing PIMA results by LTs or TCW versus Partec was similar (LT‐PIMA minus Partec: −46.4 cells/µL (95.9, −188.8)); (TCW‐PIMA minus Partec: −46.5 cells/µL (118.0 −211.0)). TCWs rated PIMA operation as very easy. Adequately trained community workers delivered CD4 results equivalent to lab technicians with PIMA POC in health centre laboratories. Task shifting of simplified CD4 POC‐technologies to trained non‐health care staff can serve as a key strategy to ensure sustainable provision of CD4‐testing in support of ART‐initiation in rural facilities. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20477 © 2015 Schramm B et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: birgit.schramm@epicentre.msf.org WHO recommends that all children exposed to HIV be tested within four to six weeks of birth to ensure that all infected infants are identified and initiated on treatment early. One major challenge with early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV in Nigeria remains the absence of standardized logistic sample transfer systems, resulting in long turnaround times between date of sample collection and date of return of result to the mother. To address this challenge, the USAID‐funded ProACT project implemented by MSH, pioneered the Strengthening the Process and Efficiencies for Early infant Diagnosis (SPEEiD) model, which involves the transportation of dried blood spot (DBS) samples from remote HIV clinics to regional PCR labs using the Nigerian Postal Service (NIPOST) Express Mail Service (EMS) platform, which has a network of over 3900 post offices and agencies spread across the country, ensuring penetrance to remote HIV clinics. The objective of this study was to review the effect of utilizing an innovative DBS transport model in improving DBS transportation. We carried out a retrospective analysis of logistic data from 177 samples transferred from 28 PMTCT sites using the SPEEiD model over a 12 month period from March 2013 to February 2014 in Kwara state, North Central Nigeria. A review of the data showed a reduction in turnaround time for return of results from 3–6 months to 3–4 weeks utilizing the SPEEiD Model. Results were received for 97% of samples (171/177) transported with this model, compared to 51% previously. The average cost of sample transfer was estimated at between $20 and $40 per batch and remains comparatively less expensive to other models by at least 30%. The MSH SPEEiD model remains an indigenous, cost effective, sustainable and time‐sensitive sample transfer model which ensures that exposed infants are able to receive their EID test results quickly. This approach may be easily replicated by other partners working in similar resource limited settings, as it provides a practical solution for DBS sample transfer, which remains one of the major challenges affecting EID of HIV in Nigeria. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20478 © 2015 Ndulue N et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: nndulue@msh.org In Uganda, 39% of HIV‐exposed infants (HEI) were HIV tested within two months and <30% of children accessed to ARVs (UNAIDS, 2014), which reveal challenges to reach to early infant HIV diagnosis and treatment services (EIDT) services. Through implementation of Strengthening TB and HIV/AIDS response in Uganda Southwestern Region (STAR‐SW) project, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatrics AIDS Foundation (EGPAF) provides support to districts and sites to strengthen and increase access to EIDT services. This includes training and mentoring site‐based healthcare workers (nurses, clinicians) on proper utilization of EID guidelines (counselling and testing manuals, treatment protocols), optimizing patient care flow, expanding points of care, strengthening laboratory capacity, utilization of EIDT clinical registers and reporting and conducting regular data reviews for continuous improvement. This report describes trends of accessing EIDT services under this project. Using HIV programme data from the Uganda Health System for January 2011 to June 2014, we conducted an EIDT analysis covering all 192 supported sites. Indicators analyzed were number of HIV‐positive pregnant women identified during antenatal care, HIV‐positive mothers delivered at health institutions, HEI received ARV at birth, exposed infants tested for HIV within two months after birth. ARV uptake and HIV testing coverage were estimated by dividing number of HEI‐received ARVs at birth and who were tested within two months between HIV‐positive pregnant women in antenatal care (ANC), respectively. Descriptive and trends analysis were conducted. By January 2011, HEI testing coverage was 17.8%, which increased to 47.5% in December 2012. With the rollout of the Option B+ in early 2013, HEI testing continued to increase and reached around 63% in mid‐2014 (trend R2=0.8174). Simultaneously, HEI receiving ARVs at maternity progressively increased over time from 17% (312/1799) in January 2011 to 32% at the end of 2012, peaking at 48% (966/2026) in June 2014. HIV testing and ARV uptake for HEI have progressively improved in STAR‐SW catchment area. The various site level of support provided by EGPAF seems to have contributed to these results. EGPAF will continue supporting the national and district health systems in further expansion of EIDT services as well as on further analysis of disaggregated data, informing quality improvement interventions and planning additional operational research studies. Abstract WEPDD0105–Figure 1. Trends of EID for HIV in southwestern Uganda: 2011–2014. Abstract WEPDD0105–Figure 1. Trends of EID for HIV in southwestern Uganda: 2011–2014. 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20565 © 2015 Seclen‐Palacin J et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: jseclen@gmail.com HIV‐IgM antibody is detectable within two weeks following infection and is therefore an important immunoassay target for early HIV antibody detection. The objective of this study is to determine if the proven early HIV antibody sensitivity of the 60‐second INSTI HIV‐1/HIV‐2 antibody test is due to its ability to detect HIV‐IgM antibodies. The INSTI HIV‐1 gp41 recombinant antigen was applied to a HIV‐IgM ELISA to demonstrate its ability to capture HIV gp41 IgM antibody. This HIV‐IgM ELISA assay was run on six commercial early seroconversion samples, known to be HIV‐IgM positive, and five long‐term HIV‐positive serum samples. A separate experiment to demonstrate that the dye‐labelled recombinant Protein A‐based colour developer (CD) used in the INSTI assay has affinity to human IgM was conducted. A quantity of 0.5 µg of purified human immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD, IgA, IgE and IgG) were blotted onto nitrocellulose (NC) and probed with the CD to observe for spot development. Finally, to determine if INSTI performance is affected by IgM removal, IgM was removed by human anti‐IgM MicroBeads on 21 early seroconversion samples with known or undetermined levels of HIV‐IgM and with five samples from long‐term HIV‐positive samples. INSTI results were observed for reduced test spot intensity following IgM removal. The gp41‐based HIV‐IgM ELISA was positive for the six early seroconversion samples that were known INSTI and HIV‐IgM positive, and negative for the five long‐term HIV‐positive samples indicating the assay signal was due to HIV‐IgM capture by the immobilized gp41 antigen. The dye‐labelled recombinant Protein‐A used in the INSTI colour developer produced distinct spots for purified IgM, IgA and IgG blotted on the NC membrane. Following IgM removal from 21 seroconversion samples with known or undetermined HIV‐IgM levels, 10/21 samples became INSTI HIV negative from INSTI HIV positive. In 10/21 samples test, spot intensity was reduced by >50% and 1/21 samples slightly <50%, while the five long‐term HIV‐positive samples showed no reduction (Table 1). The INSTI HIV‐1/HIV‐2 Antibody Test is shown to detect HIV gp41‐specific IgM antibodies in early HIV infection, which enhances its utility in early HIV infection. Abstract WEPDD0106–Table 1. Summary of INSTI™ test results on Commercial HIV‐1 Seroconversion Samples before and after IgM removal Before IgM removal After IgM removal Number of seroconversion (SC) samples INSTI positive INSTI test dot became negative INSTI test dot intensity diminished by >50% INSTI test dot intensity diminished by <50% No change in INSTI test dot intensity 15 early SC, IgM positives 15 8 7 – – 6 early SC, IgM not determined 6 2 3 1 – 5 late SC, IgG 5 – – – 5 Total=26 26 10 10 1 5 10.7448/IAS.18.5.20563 © 2015 Moshgabadi N et al; licensee International AIDS Society Published 22 July 2015 Presenting author email: n.moshg@gmail.com3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences (for)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3164p551https://escholarship.org/content/qt3164p551/qt3164p551.pdfinfo:doi/10.7448/ias.18.5.20479articleJournal of the International AIDS Society, vol 18, iss 5Suppl 420479oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0t15r7552026-09-17T12:34:24Zqt0t15r755Filtering higher-order laser modes using leaky plasma channelsDjordjević, BZBenedetti, CSchroeder, CBEsarey, ELeemans, WP2018-01-01Plasma structures based on leaky channels are proposed to filter higher-order laser mode content. The evolution and propagation of non-Gaussian laser pulses in leaky channels are studied, and it is shown that, for appropriate laser-plasma parameters, the higher-order laser mode content of the pulse may be removed while the fundamental mode remains well-guided. The behavior of multi-mode laser pulses is described analytically and numerically using envelope equations, including the derivation of the leakage coefficients, and compared to particle-in-cell simulations. Laser pulse propagation, with reduced higher-order mode content, improves guiding in parabolic plasma channels, enabling extended interaction lengths for laser-plasma accelerator applications.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t15r755https://escholarship.org/content/qt0t15r755/qt0t15r755.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/1.5006198articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 25, iss 1013103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1780m37r2026-09-17T12:29:53Zqt1780m37rMagnetic Field Mapping of a 2.5 T Fixed-Field HTS Gantry Magnet for Proton TherapyMosat, MArbelaez, DCroteau, J-FSaravanan, ATeyber, RTurqueti, MYan, YBrouwer, L2026-05-01We present results from testing a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet prototype for proton therapy. This magnet is specifically designed for a novel rotating gantry capable of delivering the entire proton beam energy range (70225 MeV) while maintaining a fixed magnetic field in the superconducting magnets. The gantry layout simplifies the magnet design, enabling the use of straight, flat racetrack Bi-2223 (DI-BSCCO) coil technology and operation at higher temperatures (1015 K). The magnet has a non-linear field distribution for bending and focusing the proton beams. To validate this feature, we developed a system for measuring the magnetic field distribution in the magnet aperture. We present the design of this hall probe array and experimental results from two different magnet tests at 4.2 K in a liquid helium bath. These results are compared with the simulated field distribution and discussed in the context of the required field quality for the application.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)accelerator magnetsgantryHTS magnetsHTS magnetsmagnets for medical systemsmagnets for medical systemsproton therapyproton therapysuperconducting magnetssuperconducting magnetssuperconductivitysuperconductivitysuperconductivityATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1780m37rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1780m37r/qt1780m37r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2025.3624730articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 36, iss 31 - 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3hh449cg2026-09-17T12:22:55Zqt3hh449cgOperando spectroelectrochemical identification of peroxide intermediate in molten carbonate CO2-to-carbon electroreductionRatso, SanderWhittaker, Michael LKaare, KätlinScarlat, Raluca O2026-04-21Electrolysis of CO2 in molten salts promises efficient carbon capture, but the underlying reaction mechanisms remain incompletely understood, as research thus far has been limited by a lack of tools for operando investigations. Here, we use a high-temperature operando Raman spectroelectrochemical system to look for signatures of reaction intermediates and study the evolution of carbon structures over electrolysis time. The analysis reveals the existence of O22− concurrently with the deposition of carbon on Au, W, Inconel, and Ni electrode materials, pointing to a common reaction mechanism with O22− as an intermediate. Secondly, the G peak of the as-deposited carbon experiences a noticeable blue-shift as the material is cooled down and purified, suggesting either a growth in crystallite size even after the electrolysis is stopped or lithium deintercalation. Elucidating the cathodic carbon deposition mechanism could help create greater value-added products and increase the economic viability of carbon capture.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hh449cghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3hh449cg/qt3hh449cg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-026-70977-0articleNature Communications, vol 17, iss 15513oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt99f5x0sj2026-09-17T12:22:53Zqt99f5x0sjEV Retail Rate Design 101Cappers, PeterSatchwell, Andrew2023-12-31Electric vehicle (EV) adoption has increased significantly over the past several years. More than 640,000 light-duty plug-in EVs were sold in the US in 2021, which was more than twice the number sold in 2020. State regulators and policymakers are addressing barriers to EV adoption, integration of EVs into the electricity system, and the equitable sharing of benefits among EV owners and other electricity customers. One of the most significant activities among state utility regulators is the development of EV-specific retail rates that reflect different objectives and design options. The technical brief introduces and describes EV retail rate design, including motivations, metering configurations, cost recovery approaches, energy and demand charges (e.g., time-differentiated rate designs, locational-differentiated rate designs), charging controls, interactive grid services, and load flexibility. We synthesize recent experience and identify resources for more detail and additional information.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/99f5x0sjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt99f5x0sj/qt99f5x0sj.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3gs799wj2026-09-17T12:21:35Zqt3gs799wjDrought and plant litter chemistry alter microbial gene expression and metabolite productionMalik, Ashish ASwenson, TamiWeihe, ClaudiaMorrison, Eric WMartiny, Jennifer BHBrodie, Eoin LNorthen, Trent RAllison, Steven D2020-09-01Drought represents a significant stress to microorganisms and is known to reduce microbial activity and organic matter decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, we lack a detailed understanding of the drought stress response of microbial decomposers. Here we present metatranscriptomic and metabolomic data on the physiological response of in situ microbial communities on plant litter to long-term drought in Californian grass and shrub ecosystems. We hypothesised that drought causes greater microbial allocation to stress tolerance relative to growth pathways. In grass litter, communities from the decade-long ambient and reduced precipitation treatments had distinct taxonomic and functional profiles. The most discernable physiological signatures of drought were production or uptake of compatible solutes to maintain cellular osmotic balance, and synthesis of capsular and extracellular polymeric substances as a mechanism to retain water. The results show a clear functional response to drought in grass litter communities with greater allocation to survival relative to growth that could affect decomposition under drought. In contrast, communities on chemically more diverse and complex shrub litter had smaller physiological differences in response to long-term drought but higher investment in resource acquisition traits across precipitation treatments, suggesting that the functional response to drought is constrained by substrate quality. Our findings suggest, for the first time in a field setting, a trade off between microbial drought stress tolerance, resource acquisition and growth traits in plant litter microbial communities.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Droughts (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Plants (mesh)Plants (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Droughts (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Droughts (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Plants (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gs799wjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3gs799wj/qt3gs799wj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41396-020-0683-6articleThe ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, vol 14, iss 92236 - 2247oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt81n2j28n2026-09-17T12:14:49Zqt81n2j28nUser defined elements in ANSYS for 2D multiphysics modeling of superconducting magnetsBrouwer, LucasArbelaez, DiegoAuchmann, BernhardBortot, LorenzoStubberud, Edvard2019-09-01Dynamic simulation of superconducting magnets is critical for the design of quench protection systems to prevent potentially damaging temperatures and high voltage from developing after magnet quench. Modeling these scenarios is challenging due to the many multiscale phenomena which impact magnet behavior. These range from conductor scale effects of quench and interfilament coupling currents up to the behavior of the magnet in its powering and protection circuit. In addition, a strong coupling between electromagnetic and thermal domains is required to capture temperature and field dependent material properties and quench behavior. We present a finite element approach which integrates the various effects into the commercial software ANSYS by means of programming new element types. This is shown capable of simulating the strongly coupled transient electromagnetic, thermal, and circuit behavior of superconducting magnets required for quench protection studies. A benchmarking study is presented which shows close agreement between the new ANSYS elements and a COMSOL Multiphysics implementation developed at CERN for dump resistor and coupling loss induced quench based magnet protection of a Nb3Sn block dipole. Following this, the ANSYS implementation is shown reproducing strongly coupled quench back behavior observed during the test of a Nb3Sn superconducting undulator prototype at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)superconducting magnetsmultiphysics modelingfinite elementquench protectionsuperconducting undulators0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/81n2j28nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt81n2j28n/qt81n2j28n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6668/ab2e63articleSuperconductor Science and Technology, vol 32, iss 9095011oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1rs528tc2026-09-17T12:14:16Zqt1rs528tcLSST Observing Strategy White Paper: LSST Observations of WFIRST Deep FieldsFoley, RJKoekemoer, AMSpergel, DNBianco, FBCapak, PDai, LDore, OFazio, GGFerguson, HFilippenko, AVFrye, BGalbany, LGawiser, EGronwall, CHathi, NPHirata, CHounsell, RJha, SWKim, AGKelly, PLKruk, JWMalhotra, SMandel, KSMargutti, RMarrone, DMcQuinn, KBWMelchior, PMoustakas, LNewman, JAPeek, JEGPerlmutter, SRhodes, JDRobertson, BRubin, DScolnic, DSomerville, RStreet, RWang, YWhalen, DJWindhorst, RAWollack, EJ2018-11-30The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is expected to launch in
the mid-2020s. With its wide-field near-infrared (NIR) camera, it will survey
the sky to unprecedented detail. As part of normal operations and as the result
of multiple expected dedicated surveys, WFIRST will produce several relatively
wide-field (tens of square degrees) deep (limiting magnitude of 28 or fainter)
fields. In particular, a planned supernova survey is expected to image 3 deep
fields in the LSST footprint roughly every 5 days over 2 years. Stacking all
data, this survey will produce, over all WFIRST supernova fields in the LSST
footprint, ~12-25 deg^2 and ~5-15 deg^2 regions to depths of ~28 mag and ~29
mag, respectively. We suggest LSST undertake mini-surveys that will match the
WFIRST cadence and simultaneously observe the supernova survey fields during
the 2-year WFIRST supernova survey, achieving a stacked depth similar to that
of the WFIRST data. We also suggest additional observations of these same
regions throughout the LSST survey to get deep images earlier, have long-term
monitoring in the fields, and produce deeper images overall. These fields will
provide a legacy for cosmology, extragalactic, and transient/variable science.astro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMastro-ph.GAapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rs528tchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1rs528tc/qt1rs528tc.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3b80v6zt2026-09-17T12:13:51Zqt3b80v6ztInternational Neuroscience Initiatives Through the Lens of High-Performance ComputingBouchard, Kristofer EAimone, James BChun, MiyoungDean, ThomasDenker, MichaelDiesmann, MarkusDonofrio, David DFrank, Loren MKasthuri, NarayananKoch, ChristofRübel, OliverSimon, Horst DSommer, FTPrabhat2018-04-01Neuroscience initiatives aim to develop new technologies and tools to measure and manipulate neuronal circuits. To deal with the massive amounts of data generated by these tools, the authors envision the co-location of open data repositories in standardized formats together with high-performance computing hardware utilizing open source optimized analysis codes.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4610 Library and Information Studies (for-2020)Neurosciences (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)08 Information and Computing Sciences (for)Software Engineering (science-metrix)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b80v6zthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3b80v6zt/qt3b80v6zt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/mc.2018.2141039articleComputer, vol 51, iss 450 - 59oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt36p7r51w2026-09-17T12:13:21Zqt36p7r51wA novel stochastic modeling method to simulate cooling loads in residential districtsAn, JingjingYan, DaHong, TianzhenSun, Kaiyu2017-11-01District cooling systems are widely used in urban residential communities in China. Most of such systems are oversized, which leads to wasted investment, low operational efficiency and, thus, waste of energy. The accurate prediction of district cooling loads that can support the rightsizing of cooling plant equipment remains a challenge. This study develops a novel stochastic modeling method that consists of (1) six prototype house models representing most apartments in a district, (2) occupant behavior models of residential buildings reflecting their spatial and temporal diversity as well as their complexity based on a large-scale residential survey in China, and (3) a stochastic sampling process to represent all apartments and occupants in the district. The stochastic method was applied to a case study using the Designer’s Simulation Toolkit (DeST) to simulate the cooling loads of a residential district in Wuhan, China. The simulation results agreed well with the measured data based on five performance metrics representing the aggregated cooling consumption, the peak cooling loads, the spatial load distribution, the temporal load distribution and the load profiles. Two prevalent simulation methods were also employed to simulate the district cooling loads. The results showed that oversimplified assumptions about occupant behavior could lead to significant overestimation of the peak cooling load and the total cooling loads in the district. Future work will aim to simplify the workflow and data requirements of the stochastic method for its application, and to explore its use in predicting district heating loads and in commercial or mixed-use districts.33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)3301 Architecture (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Stochastic modelingOccupant behaviorResidential districtDeSTCooling loadBuilding performance simulation09 Engineering (for)14 Economics (for)Energy (science-metrix)33 Built environment and design (for-2020)38 Economics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/36p7r51whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt36p7r51w/qt36p7r51w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.038articleApplied Energy, vol 206134 - 149oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8sx4j02b2026-09-17T12:10:16Zqt8sx4j02bAutomating cell detection and classification in human brain fluorescent microscopy images using dictionary learning and sparse codingAlegro, MaryanaTheofilas, PanagiotisNguy, AustinCastruita, Patricia ASeeley, WilliamHeinsen, HelmutUshizima, Daniela MGrinberg, Lea T2017-04-01BACKGROUND: Immunofluorescence (IF) plays a major role in quantifying protein expression in situ and understanding cell function. It is widely applied in assessing disease mechanisms and in drug discovery research. Automation of IF analysis can transform studies using experimental cell models. However, IF analysis of postmortem human tissue relies mostly on manual interaction, often subjected to low-throughput and prone to error, leading to low inter and intra-observer reproducibility. Human postmortem brain samples challenges neuroscientists because of the high level of autofluorescence caused by accumulation of lipofuscin pigment during aging, hindering systematic analyses. We propose a method for automating cell counting and classification in IF microscopy of human postmortem brains. Our algorithm speeds up the quantification task while improving reproducibility.
NEW METHOD: Dictionary learning and sparse coding allow for constructing improved cell representations using IF images. These models are input for detection and segmentation methods. Classification occurs by means of color distances between cells and a learned set.
RESULTS: Our method successfully detected and classified cells in 49 human brain images. We evaluated our results regarding true positive, false positive, false negative, precision, recall, false positive rate and F1 score metrics. We also measured user-experience and time saved compared to manual countings.
COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: We compared our results to four open-access IF-based cell-counting tools available in the literature. Our method showed improved accuracy for all data samples.
CONCLUSION: The proposed method satisfactorily detects and classifies cells from human postmortem brain IF images, with potential to be generalized for applications in other counting tasks.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Brain (mesh)Cell Count (mesh)Fluorescent Antibody Technique (mesh)Humans (mesh)Image ProcessingComputer-Assisted (mesh)Machine Learning (mesh)MicroscopyFluorescence (mesh)Pattern RecognitionAutomated (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Dictionary learningSparse modelsImage segmentationImmunofluorescencePostmortem human brainMicroscopyBrain (mesh)Humans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)MicroscopyFluorescence (mesh)Fluorescent Antibody Technique (mesh)Cell Count (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)Image ProcessingComputer-Assisted (mesh)Pattern RecognitionAutomated (mesh)Machine Learning (mesh)Dictionary learningImage segmentationImmunofluorescenceMicroscopyPostmortem human brainSparse modelsAlzheimer Disease (mesh)Brain (mesh)Cell Count (mesh)Fluorescent Antibody Technique (mesh)Humans (mesh)Image ProcessingComputer-Assisted (mesh)Machine Learning (mesh)MicroscopyFluorescence (mesh)Pattern RecognitionAutomated (mesh)Reproducibility of Results (mesh)1109 Neurosciences (for)1701 Psychology (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sx4j02bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8sx4j02b/qt8sx4j02b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.03.002articleJournal of Neuroscience Methods, vol 28220 - 33oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5nn1z7102026-09-17T12:10:08Zqt5nn1z710Measurement of relative branching fractions of B decays to ψ(2S) and J/ψ mesonsThe LHCb CollaborationAaij, RAbellan Beteta, CAdametz, AAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAdrover, CAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GAlvarez Cartelle, PAlves, AAAmato, SAmhis, YAnderson, JAppleby, RBAquines Gutierrez, OArchilli, FArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBachmann, SBack, JJBalagura, VBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBates, ABauer, CBauer, ThBay, ABeddow, JBediaga, IBelogurov, SBelous, KBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBenayoun, MBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBernet, RBettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBird, TBizzeti, ABjørnstad, PMBlake, TBlanc, FBlanks, CBlouw, JBlusk, SBobrov, ABocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorgia, ABowcock, TJVBozzi, CBrambach, Tvan den Brand, JBressieux, JBrett, DBritsch, MBritton, TBrook, NHBrown, HBüchler-Germann, ABurducea, IBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCallot, OCalvi, MCalvo Gomez, MCamboni, ACampana, PCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, RCardini, ACarson, LCarvalho Akiba, KCasse, GCattaneo, MCauet, ChCharles, MCharpentier, PhChiapolini, N2012-08-01The relative rates of B-meson decays into J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons are measured for the three decay modes in pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. The ratios of branching fractions ($$\mathcal{B} $$) are measured to be
where the third uncertainty is from the ratio of the ψ(2S) and J/ψ branching fractions to μ+μ−.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)LHCb Collaboration0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nn1z710https://escholarship.org/content/qt5nn1z710/qt5nn1z710.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2118-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 72, iss 82118oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5sx749qn2026-09-17T12:09:54Zqt5sx749qnHigh-Performance Computing in Neuroscience for Data-Driven Discovery, Integration, and DisseminationBouchard, Kristofer EAimone, James BChun, MiyoungDean, ThomasDenker, MichaelDiesmann, MarkusDonofrio, David DFrank, Loren MKasthuri, NarayananKoch, ChirstofRuebel, OliverSimon, Horst DSommer, Friedrich TPrabhat2016-11-01Opportunities offered by new neuro-technologies are threatened by lack of coherent plans to analyze, manage, and understand the data. High-performance computing will allow exploratory analysis of massive datasets stored in standardized formats, hosted in open repositories, and integrated with simulations.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)Computing Methodologies (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Information Systems (mesh)Neurosciences (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Neurosciences (mesh)Computing Methodologies (mesh)Information Systems (mesh)Computing Methodologies (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Information Systems (mesh)Neurosciences (mesh)1109 Neurosciences (for)1701 Psychology (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)5202 Biological psychology (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sx749qninfo:doi/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.035articleNeuron, vol 92, iss 3628 - 631oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4200p6k42026-09-17T12:09:49Zqt4200p6k4Parallel implementation and performance optimization of the configuration-interaction methodShan, HongzhangWilliams, SamuelJohnson, CalvinMcElvain, KennethOrmand, W Erich2015-11-15The configuration-interaction (CI) method, long a popular approach to describe quantum many-body systems, is cast as a very large sparse matrix eigenpair problem with matrices whose dimension can exceed one billion. Such formulations place high demands on memory capacity and memory bandwidth --- two quantities at a premium today. In this paper, we describe an efficient, scalable implementation, BIGSTICK, which, by factorizing both the basis and the interaction into two levels, can reconstruct the nonzero matrix elements on the fly, reduce the memory requirements by one or two orders of magnitude, and enable researchers to trade reduced resources for increased computational time. We optimize BIGSTICK on two leading HPC platforms --- the Cray XC30 and the IBM Blue Gene/Q. Specifically, we not only develop an empirically-driven load balancing strategy that can evenly distribute the matrix-vector multiplication across 256K threads, we also developed techniques that improve the performance of the Lanczos reorthogonalization. Combined, these optimizations improved performance by 1.3-8 depending on platform and configuration.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4601 Applied Computing (for-2020)BIGSTICKconfiguration-interactionLanczoseigenvaluereorthogonalizationload balancingperformancescalabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4200p6k4https://escholarship.org/content/qt4200p6k4/qt4200p6k4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1145/2807591.2807618articlePROCEEDINGS OF SC15: THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS, vol 15-20-November-20151 - 12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7sq1g6sf2026-09-17T12:08:47Zqt7sq1g6sfSearch for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons at LEPSchael, SBarate, RBrunelière, RDe Bonis, IDecamp, DGoy, CJézéquel, SLees, J-PMartin, FMerle, EMinard, M-NPietrzyk, BTrocmé, BBravo, SCasado, MPChmeissani, MCrespo, JMFernandez, EFernandez-Bosman, MGarrido, LMartinez, MPacheco, ARuiz, HColaleo, ACreanza, DDe Filippis, Nde Palma, MIaselli, GMaggi, GMaggi, MNuzzo, SRanieri, ARaso, GRuggieri, FSelvaggi, GSilvestris, LTempesta, PTricomi, AZito, GHuang, XLin, JOuyang, QWang, TXie, YXu, RXue, SZhang, JZhang, LZhao, WAbbaneo, DBarklow, TBuchmüller, OCattaneo, MClerbaux, BDrevermann, HForty, RWFrank, MGianotti, FHansen, JBHarvey, JHutchcroft, DEJanot, PJost, BKado, MMato, PMoutoussi, ARanjard, FRolandi, LSchlatter, DTeubert, FValassi, AVideau, IBadaud, FDessagne, SFalvard, AFayolle, DGay, PJousset, JMichel, BMonteil, SPallin, DPascolo, JMPerret, PHansen, JDHansen, JRHansen, PHKraan, ACNilsson, BSKyriakis, AMarkou, CSimopoulou, EVayaki, AZachariadou, KBlondel, ABrient, J-CMachefert, FRougé, AVideau, HCiulli, VFocardi, E2006-09-01The four LEP collaborations, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, have searched for the neutral Higgs bosons which are predicted by the Minimal Supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The data of the four collaborations are statistically combined and examined for their consistency with the background hypothesis and with a possible Higgs boson signal. The combined LEP data show no significant excess of events which would indicate the production of Higgs bosons. The search results are used to set upper bounds on the cross-sections of various Higgs-like event topologies. The results are interpreted within the MSSM in a number of “benchmark” models, including CP-conserving and CP-violating scenarios. These interpretations lead in all cases to large exclusions in the MSSM parameter space. Absolute limits are set on the parameter cosβ and, in some scenarios, on the masses of neutral Higgs bosons.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sq1g6sfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7sq1g6sf/qt7sq1g6sf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s2006-02569-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 47, iss 3547oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4bp1c9d62026-09-17T12:08:35Zqt4bp1c9d6Measurement of prompt hadron production ratios in pp collisions atThe LHCb CollaborationAaij, RAbellan Beteta, CAdametz, AAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAdrover, CAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GAlvarez Cartelle, PAlves, AAAmato, SAmhis, YAnderson, JAppleby, RBAquines Gutierrez, OArchilli, FArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBachmann, SBack, JJBalagura, VBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBates, ABauer, CBauer, ThBay, ABeddow, JBediaga, IBelogurov, SBelous, KBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBenayoun, MBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBird, TBizzeti, ABjørnstad, PMBlake, TBlanc, FBlanks, CBlouw, JBlusk, SBobrov, ABocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorgia, ABowcock, TJVBozzi, CBrambach, Tvan den Brand, JBressieux, JBrett, DBritsch, MBritton, TBrook, NHBrown, HBüchler-Germann, ABurducea, IBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCallot, OCalvi, MCalvo Gomez, MCamboni, ACampana, PCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, RCardini, ACarson, LCarvalho Akiba, KCasse, GCattaneo, MCauet, ChCharles, MCharpentier, Ph2012-10-01The charged-particle production ratios $$\bar{p}/p$$, K−/K+, π−/π+, $$(p + \bar{p})/(\pi^{+} + \pi^{-})$$, (K++K−)/(π++π−) and $$(p + \bar{p})/(K^{+} + K^{-})$$ are measured with the LHCb detector using 0.3 nb−1 of pp collisions delivered by the LHC at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9~\mathrm{TeV}$$ and 1.8 nb−1 at $$\sqrt{s} = 7~\mathrm{TeV}$$. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum pT and pseudorapidity η. The production ratios are compared to the predictions of several Monte Carlo generator settings, none of which are able to describe adequately all observables. The ratio $$\bar{p}/p$$ is also considered as a function of rapidity loss, Δy≡ybeam−y, and is used to constrain models of baryon transport.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bp1c9d6https://escholarship.org/content/qt4bp1c9d6/qt4bp1c9d6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2168-xarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 72, iss 102168oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5tp9s0q52026-09-17T12:05:44Zqt5tp9s0q5Probing the limits of cosmological information from the Lyman-α forest 2-point correlation functionsTurner, WynneCuceu, AndreiMartini, PaulAguilar, JAhlen, SAnand, ABianchi, DBrooks, DCasas, LClaybaugh, Tde la Macorra, ADey, BDoel, PFerraro, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KIshak, MJoyce, RKehoe, RKirkby, DKremin, ALahav, OLandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMiquel, RMuñoz-Gutiérrez, ANadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRoss, AJRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSilber, JSprayberry, DTarlé, GWalther, MWeaver, BAZhou, RZou, H2026-05-01The standard cosmological analysis with the Lyα forest relies on a continuum fitting procedure that suppresses information on large scales and distorts the three-dimensional correlation function on all scales. In this work, we present the first cosmological forecasts without continuum fitting distortion in the Lyα forest, focusing on the recovery of large-scale information. Using idealized synthetic data, we compare the constraining power of the full shape of the Lyα forest auto-correlation and its cross-correlation with quasars using the baseline continuum fitting analysis versus the true continuum. We find that knowledge of the true continuum enables a ∼ 10% reduction in uncertainties on the Alcock-Paczyński (AP) parameter and the matter density, Ωm. We also explore the impact of large-scale information by extending the analysis up to separations of 240 h -1Mpc along and across the line of sight. The combination of these analysis choices can recover significant large-scale information, yielding up to a ∼ 15% improvement in AP constraints. This improvement is analogous to extending the Lyα forest survey area by ∼ 40%.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSLyman alpha forest0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tp9s0q5https://escholarship.org/content/qt5tp9s0q5/qt5tp9s0q5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/05/010articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2026, iss 05010oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt983124sh2026-09-17T12:05:34Zqt983124shDefusing DrmLichtman, Douglas2006-01-01Copyright holders today increasingly find their rights and responsibilities dictated not by the explicit words of the copyright statute, but instead by the powers and limitations of what has come to be known as "digital rights management" technology. In this ten-page magazine-style piece, I consider how copyright law should respond. My argument proceeds in two basic steps. First, I argue that, while DRM might represent a powerful restriction, the constraint will never be Orwellian. Consumers, after all, will use their dollars to vote against encryption techniques that are too limiting; and, besides, DRM suffers an Achilles heel: in every system designed to control content, at some point consumers must be able to read, hear, or otherwise experience the purchased information. Whenever that happens, the information is necessarily exposed. Second, if all this is true, then DRM simply makes copyright law look a lot like every other area of legal endeavor. There is a formal set of rules enforced by judges, administrative officials, and the like, and there is in addition a weak but effective overlapping capacity through which private actors can take matters into their own hands. Put differently: as I show in the piece, criminal law, trade secret protection, First Amendment jurisprudence, and indeed every other legal regime is today implemented through a combination of powerful public mechanisms and less costly but weaker private ones. DRM, I argue, simply brings copyright law into the fold.DRMdigital rights managementcopyrightcopyright lawtrade secretprivacyFirst Amendmentself-helpapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/983124shhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt983124sh/qt983124sh.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7j84z97k2026-09-17T12:05:26Zqt7j84z97kThe High Rigidity Spectrometer at the FRIB: Magnet Development StatusChoi, YoonhyuckDu, XiaojiZhang, DanluKim, JunseongZheng, HengkangWenstrom, JohnNguyen, HaiAl-Mahmoud, YamenKoschay, RyanSmith, CourtneyPatil, MohitHulbert, JeffTousignant, BryanDenton, CalebMiller, SamuelCompton, ChrisGower, BlakeQuispe-Abad, RaulHasan, NusairHoward, JonathonGanni, RaoPortillo, MauricioSherrill, BradNoji, ShumpeiZegers, Remco GTOstroumov, PeterXu, TingWei, JieYang, YeXu, LianrongPrestemon, SorenShen, Tengming2026-05-01This paper presents the 2025 progress of the High Rigidity Spectrometer (HRS) project at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). We report on the construction and testing of the first-article HRS-High Transmission BeamLine (HTBL) magnets. An HTBL dipole magnet has successfully completed cold testing, achieving full magnetic performance without quenching, and is now ready for field mapping at FRIBs offline test bench. HTBL quadrupole triplet coils have been fabricated and tested, with all coils reaching their design currents, some following initial training quenches. Furthermore, the preliminary design of the large-scale, large-aperture SPectrometer Section (SPS) magnets has progressed to determine the baseline of the downstream HRS-SPS subproject in 2025. This includes the introduction of novel magnet designs, such as the sweeper dipole magnet, the sector dipole magnet, and iron-free coil-dominated quadrupole magnets, representing a significant scale breakthrough and a first for FRIB.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Superconducting magnetsCoilsMagnetic separationAssemblyStructural beamsConductorsSteelTestingRigidityIsotopesFRIBHRSHTBLSPSsweeper dipolesector dipoleiron-free coil-dominated quadrupolesATAP-2026 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j84z97khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7j84z97k/qt7j84z97k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2025.3628585articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 36, iss 31 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt44q234z22026-09-17T12:05:07Zqt44q234z2Fabrication and Test of C3a: A Six-Layer Subscale Canted $\cos \theta$ Dipole Magnet Using High-Temperature Superconducting corc WiresAbraimov, DmytroArbelaez, DiegoBrouwer, LucasFeng, HelenFerracin, PaoloGhiorso, William BHigley, Hugh CJuchno, MariuszLin, AndyLipton, ThomasLuo, LinqingMarchevsky, MaximPong, IanPrestemon, Soren ORadcliff, KyleFernández, José Luis RudeirosSaravanan, AnjanaShen, TengmingTeyber, ReedTurqueti, Marcosvan der Laan, DankoWang, XiaorongWeiss, Jeremy DWu, Yuxin2025-09-01rebco coated conductors have a strong potential for high-field magnet applications. The rebco technology, however, is still in its infancy for accelerator magnet applications. As part of the U.S. Magnet Development Program, we developed a six-layer canted $\cos \theta$ dipole magnet, C3a, using corc wires developed by Advanced Conductor Technologies LLC. All the layers were wound using a semiautomated winding machine. Three layers of the magnet used corc wires containing the SuperPower AP rebco tapes and the remaining layers used the wires containing the HM tapes. At 77 K, both kinds of corc wires showed 5% to 10% degradation, after bending to a minimum bend radius of 30 or 35 mm, with respect to the self-field critical current measured before winding. At 4.2 K, the magnet reached 9.5 kA at a ramp rate of 9 A s$^{-1}$ and generated a dipole field of 1.4 T. The critical current of one layer degraded by 4% after a current transient up to 10.5 kA ramped in an averaged rate of 175 kA s$^{-1}$ or 20 T s$^{-1}$. We confirmed the HM corc wire can carry a higher current than the AP corc wire at 4.2 K. The test results of the C3a magnet showed that the fabrication and assembly procedure can be used for the upcoming full-scale C3 magnet.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)REBCOCORC wiredipole magnetREBCOCORC wiredipole magnet0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/44q234z2https://escholarship.org/content/qt44q234z2/qt44q234z2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2025.3565222articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 35, iss 61 - 15oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt730113t32026-09-17T12:04:50Zqt730113t3Archetype-based Redshift Estimation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument SurveyAnand, AbhijeetGuy, JulienBailey, StephenMoustakas, JohnAguilar, JAhlen, SBolton, ASBrodzeller, ABrooks, DClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADey, BiprateepFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHonscheid, KHowlett, CJuneau, SKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMueller, ENiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRaichoor, ARezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GWarner, CWeaver, BAZhou, RZou, H2024-09-01We present a computationally efficient galaxy archetype-based redshift estimation and spectral classification method for the Dark Energy Survey Instrument (DESI) survey. The DESI survey currently relies on a redshift fitter and spectral classifier using a linear combination of principal component analysis–derived templates, which is very efficient in processing large volumes of DESI spectra within a short time frame. However, this method occasionally yields unphysical model fits for galaxies and fails to adequately absorb calibration errors that may still be occasionally visible in the reduced spectra. Our proposed approach improves upon this existing method by refitting the spectra with carefully generated physical galaxy archetypes combined with additional terms designed to absorb data reduction defects and provide more physical models to the DESI spectra. We test our method on an extensive data set derived from the survey validation (SV) and Year 1 (Y1) data of DESI. Our findings indicate that the new method delivers marginally better redshift success for SV tiles while reducing catastrophic redshift failure by 10%–30%. At the same time, results from millions of targets from the main survey show that our model has relatively higher redshift success and purity rates (0.5%–0.8% higher) for galaxy targets while having similar success for QSOs. These improvements also demonstrate that the main DESI redshift pipeline is generally robust. Additionally, it reduces the false-positive redshift estimation by 5%−40% for sky fibers. We also discuss the generic nature of our method and how it can be extended to other large spectroscopic surveys, along with possible future improvements.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/730113t3https://escholarship.org/content/qt730113t3/qt730113t3.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ad60c2articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 168, iss 3124 - 124oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt94k948wv2026-09-17T12:01:16Zqt94k948wvA Review of the Mechanical Properties of Materials Used in Nb3Sn Magnets for Particle AcceleratorsVallone, GAnderssen, EBordini, BFerracin, P2023-08-01Superconducting magnets experience significant thermo-mechanical loads throughout their life cycle. These are introduced by the electro-magnetic forces during powering, but also by the prestress applied in many magnet designs. Further to this, the large thermal excursion that components of different materials experience can generate significant internal forces. The loads are also experienced by the superconducting coils, whose critical current can decrease as a consequence of the applied strain. It is then crucial to predict the overall mechanical behavior and conservatively design a magnet, avoiding failure of the mechanical components and of the superconducting coils. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is generally used to perform these tasks, but its results rely heavily on the material properties and models used. This is in particular true for the coil composite, which is simplified to allow reasonable model sizes in full magnet models. In this paper, we present the state-of-art knowledge of the mechanical properties of the materials mostly used in superconducting magnet construction. We review elastic and plastic properties at room and cryogenic temperature, thermal contraction, and summarize the state-of-art failure criteria for these materials. Finally, the paper summarizes the present understanding of the mechanical behavior and limits of Nb3Sn coils. For the first time, an orthotropic failure criteria is proposed.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Superconducting magnetsStressAluminumTemperatureSteelMetalsMagnetic separationMechanical aspectsmechanical propertiesNb3Snmechanical performance0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/94k948wvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt94k948wv/qt94k948wv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2023.3248544articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 33, iss 51 - 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8588945c2026-09-17T12:01:13Zqt8588945cA Novel Design for Improving the Control on the Stainless-Steel Vessel Welding Process for Superconducting MagnetsVallone, GAmbrosio, GAnderssen, EFehrer, SFerracin, PTroitino, J Ferradas2023-08-01Stainless steel vessels see widespread use in superconducting magnets for particle accelerator applications. Their function varies in different magnet designs: they always provide the necessary liquid helium containment, but in some cases are also used to provide azimuthal prestress and can also be welded to the magnet end plate to provide additional longitudinal stiffness. A magnet designed with the bladder and key technology does not rely on the structural role of the vessel. They are structurally supported using azimuthally prestressed aluminum shells, and the longitudinal constraint by rods. In this case, the magnet designer would generally like to minimize the interaction between the magnet and the stainless-steel vessel and to minimize the coil stress variation due to the vessel. The stress state in the vessel and in the coil is a function of the circumferential interference, defined as the vessel azimuthal length minus the magnet circumference. The vessel and the magnet azimuthal length machining tolerances are relatively large resulting in significant stress variations in the superconducting coils. In this paper we introduce an interference-control shim, which can significantly limit the stress variation of the coils for a given variation of the interference. The effectiveness of the interference-control shim is evaluated numerically on the MQXF, the low-$\beta$ quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHC.4014 Manufacturing Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)Nb3Snsuperconducting magnetsvessel weldingmechanical performance0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8588945chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8588945c/qt8588945c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2023.3249646articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 33, iss 51 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2qw2m22g2026-09-17T12:00:26Zqt2qw2m22gThe Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 DataAbdurro’ufAccetta, KatherineAerts, ConnyAguirre, Víctor SilvaAhumada, RominaAjgaonkar, NikhilAk, N FilizAlam, ShadabPrieto, Carlos AllendeAlmeida, AndrésAnders, FriedrichAnderson, Scott FAndrews, Brett HAnguiano, BorjaAquino-Ortíz, ErikAragón-Salamanca, AlfonsoArgudo-Fernández, MariaAta, MetinAubert, MarieAvila-Reese, VladimirBadenes, CarlesBarbá, Rodolfo HBarger, KatBarrera-Ballesteros, Jorge KBeaton, Rachael LBeers, Timothy CBelfiore, FrancescoBender, Chad FBernardi, MariangelaBershady, Matthew ABeutler, FlorianBidin, Christian MoniBird, Jonathan CBizyaev, DmitryBlanc, Guillermo ABlanton, Michael RBoardman, Nicholas FraserBolton, Adam SBoquien, MédéricBorissova, JuraBovy, JoBrandt, WNBrown, JordanBrownstein, Joel RBrusa, MarcellaBuchner, JohannesBundy, KevinBurchett, Joseph NBureau, MartinBurgasser, AdamCabang, Tuesday KCampbell, StephanieCappellari, MicheleCarlberg, Joleen KWanderley, Fábio CarneiroCarrera, RicardoCash, JenniferChen, Yan-PingChen, Wei-HuaiCherinka, BrianChiappini, CristinaChoi, Peter DoohyunChojnowski, S DrewChung, HaeunClerc, NicolasCohen, Roger EComerford, Julia MComparat, Johanda Costa, LuizCovey, KevinCrane, Jeffrey DCruz-Gonzalez, IreneCulhane, ConnorCunha, KatiaDai, Y SophiaDamke, GuillermoDarling, JeremyDavidson, James WDavies, RogerDawson, KyleDe Lee, NathanDiamond-Stanic, Aleksandar MCano-Díaz, MarianaSánchez, Helena DomínguezDonor, JohnDuckworth, ChrisDwelly, TomEisenstein, Daniel JElsworth, Yvonne PEmsellem, EricEracleous, MikeEscoffier, StephanieFan, XiaohuiFarr, EmilyFeng, ShuaiFernández-Trincado, José GFeuillet, DianeFilipp, AndreasFillingham, Sean PFrinchaboy, Peter M2022-04-01This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qw2m22ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2qw2m22g/qt2qw2m22g.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4365/ac4414articleThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol 259, iss 235oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8gb2044h2026-09-17T12:00:18Zqt8gb2044hAssembly and Pre-Loading Specifications for the Series Production of the Nb3Sn MQXFA Quadrupole Magnets for the HL-LHCFerracin, PAmbrosio, GCheng, DWTroitino, J FerradasFajardo, L GarciaBermudez, S IzquierdoPrestemon, SRay, KLSolis, MJTodesco, EVallone, G2022-09-01The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Project is planning to install 16 cold-masses made with Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets in the LHC Interaction Regions to significantly increase its luminosity. Half of these cold masses are fabricated at BNL, FNAL, and LBNL under the US Accelerator Research Program (AUP). Each cold mass includes two identical Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, called MQXFA with a magnetic length of 4.2 m. Currently, the AUP project has completed the fabrication and test of the first 5 pre-series magnets, and is working on the following 16 magnets for the series production. The brittleness and strain sensitivity of the Nb3Sn superconducting material requires a careful definition of the allowable maximum stress in the windings during magnet assembly and pre-load, and a tight control of their variation within the whole coil length. Therefore, a series of assembly and pre-load specifications have been defined with the goals of minimizing the risk of conductor degradation and providing the mechanical support required to reach the nominal current during powering. In this paper we present the specifications defined for the MQXFA magnets and applied during the different assembly phases and during the pre-load process of the first 5 pre-series magnets.4005 Civil Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)Superconducting magnetsMagnetomechanical effectsLarge Hadron ColliderStressStrain measurementStrainBladderHigh luminosity LHCinteraction regionslow-beta quadrupolesNb3Sn magnetsATAP-2022 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gb2044hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8gb2044h/qt8gb2044h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2022.3148971articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 32, iss 61 - 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6c87p1912026-09-17T11:59:56Zqt6c87p191A hybrid data–model approach to map soil thickness in mountain hillslopesYan, QinaWainwright, HarukoDafflon, BaptisteUhlemann, SebastianSteefel, Carl IFalco, NicolaKwang, JeffreyHubbard, Susan S2021-10-11Abstract. Soil thickness plays a central role in the interactions between vegetation, soils, and topography, where it controls the retention and release of water, carbon, nitrogen, and metals. However, mapping soil thickness, here defined as the mobile regolith layer, at high spatial resolution remains challenging. Here, we develop a hybrid model that combines a process-based model and empirical relationships to estimate the spatial heterogeneity of soil thickness with fine spatial resolution (0.5 m). We apply this model to two aspects of hillslopes (southwest- and northeast-facing, respectively) in the East River watershed in Colorado. Two independent measurement methods – auger and cone penetrometer – are used to sample soil thickness at 78 locations to calibrate the local value of unconstrained parameters within the hybrid model. Sensitivity analysis using the hybrid model reveals that the diffusion coefficient used in hillslope diffusion modeling has the largest sensitivity among all input parameters. In addition, our results from both sampling and modeling show that, in general, the northeast-facing hillslope has a deeper soil layer than the southwest-facing hillslope. By comparing the soil thickness estimated between a machine-learning approach and this hybrid model, the hybrid model provides higher accuracy and requires less sampling data. Modeling results further reveal that the southwest-facing hillslope has a slightly faster surface soil erosion rate and soil production rate than the northeast-facing hillslope, which suggests that the relatively less dense vegetation cover and drier surface soils on the southwest-facing slopes influence soil properties. With seven parameters in total for calibration, this hybrid model can provide a realistic soil thickness map with a relatively small amount of sampling dataset comparing to machine-learning approach. Integrating process-based modeling and statistical analysis not only provides a thorough understanding of the fundamental mechanisms for soil thickness prediction but also integrates the strengths of both statistical approaches and process-based modeling approaches.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)3705 Geology (for-2020)3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c87p191https://escholarship.org/content/qt6c87p191/qt6c87p191.pdfinfo:doi/10.5194/esurf-9-1347-2021articleEarth Surface Dynamics, vol 9, iss 51347 - 1361oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4zw5777b2026-09-17T11:59:52Zqt4zw5777bStrategic Disclosure in the Patent SystemLichtman, DouglasBaker, ScottKraus, Kate2000-01-01Patent applications are evaluated in light of the prior art. What this means is that patent examiners evaluate a claimed invention by comparing it with what in a rough sense corresponds to the set of ideas and inventions already known to the public. This is done for three reasons. First, the comparison helps to ensure that patents issue only in cases where an inventor has made a non-trivial contribution to the public's store of knowledge. Second, it protects a possible reliance interest on the part of the public since, once an invention is widely known, members of the public might reasonably assume that the invention is free for all to use. And third, it pressures inventors to file their patent applications promptly lest some other inventor disclose a related invention or the applicant himself inadvertently let slip some fraction of his own research result.The prior art inquiry has a fourth policy implication, however, and while this one might not have been one of the motivating factors for establishing the inquiry in the first place, it is just as important when it comes to designing and interpreting sensible prior art rules. That additional wrinkle is simply this: the fact that patent applications are evaluated in light of the prior art gives firms a strategic incentive to create prior art. A firm can publish a journal article or engage in a public demonstration and in that way affect both a rival's ability to patent a related invention and the rival's incentive to do so. Perhaps surprisingly, this can make the disclosing firm better off even though, by revealing information, the firm is likely helping its rival and, worse, narrowing or even fully preempting the very patent it seeks.In this Article, then, we explain the incentive for strategic disclosure. We show that a firm trailing in a given patent race has an incentive to disclose information in the hopes of preempting a rival's patent, but only if the laggard itself has little chance of leapfrogging the leader and winning the race. We show that a firm leading a patent race similarly has an incentive to disclose, this time in an effort to reduce its rival's expected payoff and in that way encourage the rival to quit the race. We consider the possibility that private negotiations will displace public disclosures, for example with the laggard agreeing not to disclose and in exchange receiving from the ultimate patentee some form of favorable licensing agreement. Lastly, we consider the implications all this might have for the patent system overall.patent lawdisclosureprior artinformation economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zw5777bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4zw5777b/qt4zw5777b.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08c1h4vj2026-09-17T11:59:41Zqt08c1h4vjInfluence of Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge (AgMAR) and Stratigraphic Heterogeneities on Nitrate Reduction in the Deep SubsurfaceWaterhouse, HannahArora, BhavnaSpycher, Nicolas FNico, Peter SUlrich, CraigDahlke, Helen EHorwath, William R2021-05-01Abstract Agricultural managed aquifer recharge (AgMAR) is a strategy whereby surface water is used to intentionally flood croplands to recharge underlying aquifers. However, nitrate (NO 3 − ) contamination in agriculturally intensive regions poses a threat to groundwater resources under AgMAR. We use a reactive transport model to understand the effects of AgMAR management strategies (i.e., by varying the frequency, duration between flooding events, and amount of water) on NO 3 − leaching to groundwater under different stratigraphic configurations and antecedent moisture conditions. We examine the potential of denitrification and nitrogen retention in deep vadose zone sediments (∼15 m) using variable AgMAR application rates on two‐dimensional representations of differently textured soils, soils with discontinuous bands/channels, and with preferential flow paths characteristic of agricultural fields. Simulations indicate finer textured sediments, alone or embedded within/adjacent to high flow regions, are important reducing zones providing conditions needed for denitrification. Simulation results suggest that applying water all‐at‐once rather than in increments transports higher concentrations of NO 3 − deeper into the profile, which may exacerbate groundwater quality. This transport into deeper depths can be aggravated by wetter antecedent soil moisture conditions. However, applying water all‐at‐once also increases denitrification within the vadose zone by promoting anoxic conditions. We conclude that AgMAR can be designed to enhance denitrification in the subsurface and reduce NO 3 − leaching to groundwater, while specifically accounting for lithologic heterogeneity, antecedent soil moisture conditions, and depth to the water table. Our findings are potentially relevant to other systems that experience flooding inundation such as floodplains and dedicated recharge basins.
Key Points A modeling study shows that agricultural managed aquifer recharge (AgMAR) variably impacts the timing and quantity of nitrate loading to groundwater as a function of stratigraphy Under AgMAR, finer textured sediments are important reducing zones acting as permanent sinks of nitrate via denitrification Model results pertaining to different denitrification rates under varied ponding conditions are relevant to other landscape settings3707 Hydrology (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)Agricultural managementdenitrificationgroundwater bankingmanaged aquifer rechargenitratespatial variabilityEGD-Sustainable Groundwater Management (c-lbnl-label)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0905 Civil Engineering (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)Environmental Engineering (science-metrix)3707 Hydrology (for-2020)4005 Civil engineering (for-2020)4011 Environmental engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08c1h4vjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt08c1h4vj/qt08c1h4vj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2020wr029148articleWater Resources Research, vol 57, iss 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7p24s23h2026-09-17T11:56:44Zqt7p24s23hTitanium Language Reference Manual (Version 1.5)HILFINGER, PaulBonachea, DanGay, DavidGraham, SusanLiblit, BenjaminPike, GeoffreyYelick, K2001-11-09The Titanium language is a Java dialect for high-performance parallel scientific computing. Titanium’s differences from Java include multi-dimensional arrays, an explicitly parallel SPMD model of computation with a global address space, a form of value class, and zone-based memory management. This reference manual describes the differences between Titanium and Java.language reference manualparallel distributed programming languagesscientific computingTitaniumapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p24s23hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7p24s23h/qt7p24s23h.pdfinfo:doi/10.25344/S4388Particleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2cp4s3v82026-09-17T11:56:39Zqt2cp4s3v8Titanium Language Reference Manual (Version 2.19)HILFINGER, PaulBonachea, DanDatta, KaushikGay, DavidGraham, SusanLiblit, BenPike, GeoffSu, JimmyYelick, Katherine2005-11-17The Titanium language is a Java dialect for high-performance parallel scientific computing. Titanium’s differences from Java include multi-dimensional arrays, an explicitly parallel SPMD model of computation with a global address space, a form of value class, and zone-based memory management. This reference manual describes the differences between Titanium and Java.language reference manualparallel distributed programming languagesscientific computingTitaniumapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cp4s3v8https://escholarship.org/content/qt2cp4s3v8/qt2cp4s3v8.pdfinfo:doi/10.25344/S47305articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6qj905862026-09-17T11:56:16Zqt6qj90586Thermoeconomic cost optimization of superconducting magnets for proton therapy gantriesTeyber, ReedBrouwer, LucasGodeke, ArnoPrestemon, Soren2020-10-01A compact gantry delivering 70-220 MeV protons with fixed field in the superconducting magnets could reduce the cost and improve the adoption of proton therapy. While a number of magnet and cryogenics designs have been proposed, the combined capital and operating costs of state-of-the-art superconducting materials have not been analyzed. In response, we develop a thermoeconomic model of a multi-stage, conduction cooled gantry lattice and analyze the cryocooler operating cost, cryocooler capital cost and conductor capital cost for Nb-Ti, Nb3Sn, REBCO and Bi-2223 over a continuous range of magnet temperatures, and a differential evolution algorithm is used to identify the optimal combination of thermal intercept temperatures. Although Nb3Sn yields the lowest Net Present Value (NPV) of 111.7k at a magnet temperature of 9.4 K, the optimized Bi-2223 design at 12.8 K approaches the realm of commercial feasibility by offering improved thermal stability and forgoing the need for costly conductor heat treatment and magnet quench training. Furthermore, it was found that Nb3Sn was more cost effective than Nb-Ti and that REBCO was not economically viable for the parameters of this investigation. The thermoeconomic model developed herein can optimize conductor choices, magnet temperatures and thermal staging which has value for any conduction-cooled superconducting magnet.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)proton therapysuperconducting magnetthermoeconomicscryocoolerREBCOBSCCONb3Sn0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qj90586https://escholarship.org/content/qt6qj90586/qt6qj90586.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6668/abaa53articleSuperconductor Science and Technology, vol 33, iss 10105005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0dc2z4cg2026-09-17T11:55:56Zqt0dc2z4cgMeasurement of inclusive J/ψ polarization in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV by the STAR experimentAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBueltmann, SButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SL2020-11-01We report on new measurements of inclusive J/ψ polarization at midrapidity in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The polarization parameters, λθ, λϕ, and λθϕ, are measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in both the helicity and Collins-Soper (CS) reference frames within pT<10 GeV/c. Except for λθ in the CS frame at the highest measured pT, all three polarization parameters are consistent with 0 in both reference frames without any strong pT dependence. Several model calculations are compared with data, and the one using the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory coupled with nonrelativistic QCD gives the best overall description of the experimental results, even though other models cannot be ruled out due to experimental uncertainties.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dc2z4cghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0dc2z4cg/qt0dc2z4cg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.102.092009articlePhysical Review D, vol 102, iss 9092009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8qp507rc2026-09-17T11:54:40Zqt8qp507rcRethinking Patent Law's Presumption of ValidityLichtman, DouglasLemley, Mark A2007-01-01The United States Patent and Trademark Office is tasked with the job of reading patent applications and determining which ones qualify for patent protection. It is a Herculean task, and the Patent Office pursues it subject to enormous informational and budgetary constraints. Nonetheless, under current law, courts are bound to defer to the Patent Office's decisions regarding patent validity. In this Article, we argue for reform. Deference to previous decision-makers is appropriate in instances where those previous decisions have a high likelihood of accuracy, and the patent system should endeavor to create processes that fit this mold. But granting significant deference to the initial process of patent review is indefensible and counter-productive. Patents should be vulnerable to challenge until and unless they are significantly evaluated in an information-rich environment. At that point, they will have earned and therefore should be accorded a presumption of validity. Such an approach would better serve the patent's systems long-run incentive goals, and it would give patent applicants better incentives to file for genuine inventions but leave their more obvious and incremental accomplishments outside the patent system's purview. Here, we therefore suggest the creation of a two-tier system of patent validity, with patents that are subject to intensive scrutiny accorded a strong presumption of validity, while untested patents are left to be evaluated more fully in court.patent lawpatentspatent reviewpresumptionpresumption of validityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qp507rchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8qp507rc/qt8qp507rc.pdfarticleStanford Law Review, vol 60oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1f4743gt2026-09-17T11:52:18Zqt1f4743gtInteractive volumetric segmentation for textile micro‐tomography data using wavelets and nonlocal meansMacNeil, J Michael LUshizima, Daniela MPanerai, FrancescoMansour, Nagi NBarnard, Harold SParkinson, Dilworth Y2019-08-01This work addresses segmentation of volumetric images of woven carbon fiber textiles from micro‐tomography data. We propose a semi‐supervised algorithm to classify carbon fibers that requires sparse input as opposed to completely labeled images. The main contributions are: (a) design of effective discriminative classifiers, for three‐dimensional textile samples, trained on wavelet features for segmentation; (b) coupling of previous step with nonlocal means as simple, efficient alternative to the Potts model; and (c) demonstration of reuse of classifier to diverse samples containing similar content. We evaluate our work by curating test sets of voxels in the absence of a complete ground truth mask. The algorithm obtains an average 0.95 F1 score on test sets and average F1 score of 0.93 on new samples. We conclude with discussion of failure cases and propose future directions toward analysis of spatiotemporal high‐resolution micro‐tomography images.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4603 Computer Vision and Multimedia Computation (for-2020)3D image processing3D segmentation3D woven carbon fibercompositesmachine learningmicroCTneural networks0104 Statistics (for)4605 Data management and data science (for-2020)4905 Statistics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f4743gthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1f4743gt/qt1f4743gt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/sam.11429articleStatistical Analysis and Data Mining The ASA Data Science Journal, vol 12, iss 4338 - 353oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2d62z9b72026-09-17T11:52:02Zqt2d62z9b7Magnetic Analysis of the MQXF Quadrupole for the High-Luminosity LHCBermudez, Susana IzquierdoFiscarelli, LucioAmbrosio, GiorgioBajas, HuguesChlachidze, GuramFerracin, PaoloDiMarco, JosephStoynev, Stoyan EmilovTodesco, EzioSabbi, GianLucaVallone, Giorgio2019-08-01The high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) requires new high-field and large-aperture quadrupole magnets for the low-beta inner triplets (MQXF). The U.S. HiLumi-LHC Accelerator Upgrade and CERN are jointly developing a 150-mm aperture Nb3Sn magnet. Due to the large beam size and orbit displacement in the final focusing triplet, MQXF has challenging field quality targets at collision energy. Magnetic measurements have been performed both at ambient and cryogenic temperatures in the four short models that were built and tested. This paper presents the magnetic analysis, comparing field measurements with the expectations and the field quality requirements. The analysis is focused on the geometrical harmonics and iron saturation effect, including three-dimensional effects and transfer function repeatability. Persistent currents and dynamic effects are also discussed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)High luminosity LHCfield qualitymagnetic measurementshigh field Nb3Sn magnet0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d62z9b7https://escholarship.org/content/qt2d62z9b7/qt2d62z9b7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2897848articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5hs3g6st2026-09-17T11:51:59Zqt5hs3g6stFirst Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Photometric Pipeline and Light-curve Data ReleaseBrout, DSako, MScolnic, DKessler, RD’Andrea, CBDavis, TMHinton, SRKim, AGLasker, JMacaulay, EMöller, ANichol, RCSmith, MSullivan, MWolf, RCAllam, SBassett, BABrown, PCastander, FJChildress, MFoley, RJGalbany, LHerner, KKasai, EMarch, MMorganson, ENugent, PPan, Y-CThomas, RCTucker, BEWester, WAbbott, TMCAnnis, JAvila, SBertin, EBrooks, DBurke, DLRosell, A CarneroKind, M CarrascoCarretero, JCrocce, MCunha, CEda Costa, LNDavis, CDe Vicente, JDesai, SDiehl, HTDoel, PEifler, TFFlaugher, BFosalba, PFrieman, JGarcía-Bellido, JGaztanaga, EGerdes, DWGoldstein, DAGruen, DGruendl, RAGschwend, JGutierrez, GHartley, WGHollowood, DLHonscheid, KJames, DJKuehn, KKuropatkin, NLahav, OLi, TSLima, MMarshall, JLMartini, PMiquel, RNord, BPlazas, AARoodman, ARykoff, ESSanchez, EScarpine, VSchindler, RSchubnell, MSerrano, SSevilla-Noarbe, ISoares-Santos, MSobreira, FSuchyta, ESwanson, MECTarle, GThomas, DTucker, DLWalker, ARYanny, BZhang, Y2019-03-20We present griz light curves of 251 SNe Ia from the first 3 years of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program’s (DES-SN) spectroscopically classified sample. The photometric pipeline described in this paper produces the calibrated fluxes and associated uncertainties used in the cosmological parameter analysis by employing a scene modeling approach that simultaneously models a variable transient flux and temporally constant host galaxy. We inject artificial point sources onto DECam images to test the accuracy of our photometric method. Upon comparison of input and measured artificial supernova fluxes, we find that flux biases peak at 3 mmag. We require corrections to our photometric uncertainties as a function of host galaxy surface brightness at the transient location, similar to that seen by the DES Difference Imaging Pipeline used to discover transients. The public release of the light curves can be found at https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/sn.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)cosmology: observationssupernovae: generaltechniques: photometricastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hs3g6sthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5hs3g6st/qt5hs3g6st.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ab06c1articleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 874, iss 1106oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt416395nn2026-09-17T11:51:51Zqt416395nnFabrication of Bi-2212 Canted-Cosine-Theta Dipole PrototypesFajardo, Laura GarciaBrouwer, LucasCaspi, ShlomoHafalia, AurelioHernikl, ChristopherPrestemon, SorenShen, TengmingBosque, ErnestoEnglish, Charles2019-08-01The U.S. Magnet Development Program (MDP) is exploring the possibility of combining low- and high-temperature superconductor technologies, using cosine-theta and canted-cosine-theta (CCT) Nb3Sn dipole magnets together with Bi-2212 CCT inserts, with the ultimate goal of constructing a 20-T dipole. The MDP short-term goal is a Bi-2212 CCT insert capable of reaching 5 T in the bore when operating as a stand-alone and 3 T when operating under a background field of 15 T. This paper reports on the fabrication of our BIN4 dipole magnet and our BIN5a and BIN5b coils, designed and built at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to address potential fabrication issues of Bi-2212 coils and verify the design of our 18-20-T dipole magnet. BIN4 is a two-layer 50-cm-long CCT magnet that uses a nine-strand Rutherford cable made with 0.8-mm-diameter Bi-2212 strands. Its goal is to investigate critical current, insulation integrity, manufacturing challenges, and quench protection issues after heat treating both layers together under oxygen at standard atmosphere (1 bar). BIN5a and BIN5b are two identical coils, similar to the outer layer of BIN4, with the difference that the length is 39 cm, and they will undergo 50-bar overpressure processing heat treatment. BIN5 coils are made from the state-of-the-art strand with an engineering critical current density of 1150 A/mm2 at 4.2 K and 5 T.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bi-2212 coil fabricationcanted cosine theta magnetsHTS insert magnets0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/416395nnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt416395nn/qt416395nn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2896725articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2nr1100c2026-09-17T11:50:53Zqt2nr1100cImproved measurement of the longitudinal spin transfer to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCendejas, RChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeng, JDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2018-12-01The longitudinal spin transfer DLL to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons produced in high-energy polarized proton-proton collisions is expected to be sensitive to the helicity distribution functions of strange quarks and antiquarks of the proton, and to longitudinally polarized fragmentation functions. We report an improved measurement of DLL from data obtained at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The data have an approximately twelve times larger figure of merit than prior results and cover |η|<1.2 in pseudorapidity with transverse momenta pT up to 6 GeV/c. In the forward scattering hemisphere at largest pT, the longitudinal spin transfer is found to be DLL=-0.036±0.048(stat)±0.013(sys) for Λ hyperons and DLL=0.032±0.043(stat)±0.013(sys) for Λ¯ antihyperons. The dependences on η and pT are presented and compared with model evaluations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nr1100cinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.112009articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 11112009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7xn8533z2026-09-17T11:50:42Zqt7xn8533zSuperconducting ECR ion source: From 24-28 GHz SECRAL to 45 GHz fourth generation ECRZhao, HWSun, LTGuo, JWZhang, WHLu, WWu, WWu, BMSabbi, GJuchno, MHafalia, ARavaioli, EXie, DZ2018-05-01The development of superconducting ECR source with higher magnetic fields and higher microwave frequency is the most straight forward path to achieve higher beam intensity and higher charge state performance. SECRAL, a superconducting third generation ECR ion source, is designed for 24-28 GHz microwave frequency operation with an innovative magnet configuration of sextupole coils located outside the three solenoids. SECRAL at 24 GHz has already produced a number of record beam intensities, such as 40Ar12+ 1.4 emA, 129Xe26+ 1.1 emA, 129Xe30+ 0.36 emA, and 209Bi31+ 0.68 emA. SECRAL-II, an upgraded version of SECRAL, was built successfully in less than 3 years and has recently been commissioned at full power of a 28 GHz gyrotron and three-frequency heating (28 + 45 + 18 GHz). New record beam intensities for highly charged ion production have been achieved, such as 620 eμA 40Ar16+, 15 eμA 40Ar18+, 146 eμA 86Kr28+, 0.5 eμA 86Kr33+, 53 eμA 129Xe38+, and 17 eμA 129Xe42+. Recent beam test results at SECRAL and SECRAL II have demonstrated that the production of more intense highly charged heavy ion beams needs higher microwave power and higher frequency, as the scaling law predicted. A 45 GHz superconducting ECR ion source FECR (a first fourth generation ECR ion source) is being built at IMP. FECR will be the world's first Nb3Sn superconducting-magnet-based ECR ion source with 6.5 T axial mirror field, 3.5 T sextupole field on the plasma chamber inner wall, and 20 kW at a 45 GHz microwave coupling system. This paper will focus on SECRAL performance studies at 24-28 GHz and technical design of 45 GHz FECR, which demonstrates a technical path for highly charged ion beam production from 24 to 28 GHz SECRAL to 45 GHz FECR.5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Applied Physics (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xn8533zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7xn8533z/qt7xn8533z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/1.5017479articleReview of Scientific Instruments, vol 89, iss 5052301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt61d9b6gw2026-09-17T11:47:53Zqt61d9b6gwFabrication and Assembly Performance of the First 4.2 m MQXFA Magnet and Mechanical Model for the Hi-Lumi LHC UpgradeCheng, Daniel WAmbrosio, GiorgioAnderssen, Eric CBourcey, NicolasFelice, HeleneFerracin, PaoloGrosclaude, PhilippeGuinchard, MichaelPerez, Juan CarlosPan, HengPrestemon, Soren OVallone, Giorgio2018-04-01The LHC accelerator research program (LARP), in collaboration with CERN and under the scope of the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, is in the prototyping stage in the development of a 150 mm aperture high-field Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet called MQXF. This magnet is mechanically supported using a shell-based support structure, which has been extensively demonstrated on several R&D models within LARP, as well as in the more recent short (1.2 m magnetic length) MQXF model program. The MQXFA magnets are each 4.2 m magnetic length, and the first mechanical long model, MQXFA1M (using aluminum surrogate coils), and MQXFAP1 prototype magnet (the first prototype with Nb3Sn coils) have been assembled at the LBNL. In this paper, we summarize the tooling and the assembly processes, and discuss the mechanical performance of these first two assemblies, comparing strain gauge data with finite element model analysis, as well as the near-term plans for the long MQXF magnet program.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Superconducting magnetsuperconducting coilshigh luminosity LHCMQXFquadrupole0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/61d9b6gwinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2018.2799563articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 28, iss 31 - 7oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5kn3n8wv2026-09-17T11:47:50Zqt5kn3n8wvGeometric Field Errors of Short Models for MQXF, the Nb3Sn Low-β Quadrupole for the High Luminosity LHCBermudez, Susana IzquierdoAmbrosio, GiorgioBajas, HuguesChlachidze, GuramTroitino, Jose FerradasFerracin, PaoloFiscarelli, LucioHagen, PerHolik, Eddie FrankDi Marco, JosephStoynev, Stoyan EmilovTodesco, EzioSabbi, GianlucaVallone, GiorgioWang, Xiaorong2018-04-01In the framework of the high-luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider, the U.S. LARP collaboration and CERN are jointly developing a 150-mm aperture Nb3Sn quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) interaction regions. Due to the large beam size and orbit displacement in the final focusing triplet, MQXF has challenging targets for field quality at nominal operation conditions. Three short model magnets have been tested and around 30 coils have been built, allowing a first analysis of the reproducibility of the coil size and turns positioning. The impact of the coil shimming on field quality is evaluated, with special emphasis on the warm magnetic measurements and the correlation to field measurements at cold and nominal field. The variability of the field harmonics along the magnet axis is studied by means of a Monte-Carlo analysis and the effects of the corrective actions implemented to suppress the low-order unallowed multipoles are discussed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)High luminosity large hadron collider (LHC)field qualitymagnetic measurementshigh field Nb3Sn magnet0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kn3n8wvinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2018.2793240articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 28, iss 31 - 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5nr3s7jj2026-09-17T11:46:45Zqt5nr3s7jjThe Type Ia Supernova Rate at z ≈ 0.5 from the Supernova Legacy Survey**Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and CEA/DAPNIA, at CFHT, which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. This work is also based on observations obtained at the European Southern Observatory using the Very Large Telescope on the Cerro Paranal (ESO Large Program 171.A-0486), and on observations (programs GN-2004A-Q-19, GS-2004A-Q-11, GN-2003B-Q-9, and GS-2003B-Q-8) obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperatiNeill, JDSullivan, MBalam, DPritchet, CJHowell, DAPerrett, KAstier, PAubourg, EBasa, SCarlberg, RGConley, AFabbro, SFouchez, DGuy, JHook, IPain, RPalanque-Delabrouille, NRegnault, NRich, JTaillet, RAldering, GAntilogus, PArsenijevic, VBalland, CBaumont, SBronder, JEllis, RSFiliol, MGonçalves, ACHardin, DKowalski, MLidman, CLusset, VMouchet, MMourao, APerlmutter, SRipoche, PSchlegel, DTao, C2006-09-01We present a measurement of the distant Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate derived from the first 2 yr of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Supernova Legacy Survey. We observed four 1° × 1° fields with a typical temporal frequency of ⟨Δt⟩ ∼ 4 observer-frame days over time spans of 158-211 days per season for each field, with breaks during the full Moon. We used 8-10 m class telescopes for spectroscopic follow-up to confirm our candidates and determine their redshifts. Our starting sample consists of 73 spectroscopically verified SNe Ia in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.6. We derive a volumetric SN Ia rate of rV(⟨z⟩ = 0.47) = × 10-4 yr-1 Mpc3, assuming h = 0.7, Ωm = 0.3, and a flat cosmology. Using recently published galaxy luminosity functions derived in our redshift range, we derive a SN Ia rate per unit luminosity of rL(⟨z⟩ = 0.47) = 0.154(syst.)(stat.) SN units. Using our rate alone, we place an upper limit on the component of SN Ia production that tracks the cosmic star formation history of 1 SN Ia per 103 M⊙ of stars formed. Our rate and other rates from surveys using spectroscopic sample confirmation display only a modest evolution out to z = 0.55.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)galaxies : evolutiongalaxies : high redshiftsupernovae : generalastro-phastro-ph0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nr3s7jjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5nr3s7jj/qt5nr3s7jj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1086/505532articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 132, iss 31126 - 1145oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3r86q4jg2026-09-17T11:46:20Zqt3r86q4jgHigh-quality permanent draft genome sequence of the Lebeckia ambigua-nodulating Burkholderia sp. strain WSM4176De Meyer, Sofie ETian, RuiSeshadri, RekhaReddy, TBKMarkowitz, VictorIvanova, NataliaPati, AmritaWoyke, TanjaKyrpides, NikosYates, RonHowieson, JohnReeve, Wayne2015-10-16Burkholderia sp. strain WSM4176 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated from an effective N2-fixing root nodule of Lebeckia ambigua collected in Nieuwoudtville, Western Cape of South Africa, in October 2007. This plant persists in infertile, acidic and deep sandy soils, and is therefore an ideal candidate for a perennial based agriculture system in Western Australia. Here we describe the features of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM4176, which represents a potential inoculant quality strain for L. ambigua, together with sequence and annotation. The 9,065,247 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged in 13 scaffolds of 65 contigs, contains 8369 protein-coding genes and 128 RNA-only encoding genes, and is part of the GEBA-RNB project proposal (Project ID 882).3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Root-nodule bacteriaNitrogen fixationRhizobiaBetaproteobacteriaGEBA-RNBBetaproteobacteriaGEBA-RNBNitrogen fixationRhizobiaRoot-nodule bacteria0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r86q4jghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3r86q4jg/qt3r86q4jg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s40793-015-0072-3articleEnvironmental Microbiome, vol 10, iss 179oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6mt3z4rj2026-09-17T11:46:10Zqt6mt3z4rjProperty Rights in Emerging Platform TechnologiesLichtman, Douglas2000-01-01This article considers an externality that affects a broad range of markets, specifically markets where one set of firms sells some platform technology like a computer, video game console, or operating system, while another possibly overlapping set of firms sells peripherals compatible with that platform, for example computer software or video game cartridges. The externality causes certain peripheral sellers to charge prices that are unprofitably high. That is, these firms could earn greater profits if only they could coordinate to charge lower prices. In many markets, such coordination is possible; firms can contract, for example, or integrate. In markets based on relatively new platform technologies, however, coordination will typically be difficult. The article explains why, and argues that intellectual property law can and should facilitate price coordination in these "emerging technology" settings.externalitymarketsplatform technologyperipheralsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mt3z4rjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6mt3z4rj/qt6mt3z4rj.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6mn274qf2026-09-17T11:40:48Zqt6mn274qfShared Information GoodsLichtman, DouglasBakos, YannisBrynjolfsson, Erik1999-01-01Once purchased, information goods are often shared among groups of consumers. Computer software, for example, can be duplicated and passed from one user to the next. Journal articles can be copied. Music can be dubbed. In this paper, we ask whether these various forms of sharing undermine seller profit. We compare profitability under the assumption that information goods are used only by their direct purchasers, with profitability under the more realistic assumption that information goods are sometimes shared within small social communities. We reach several surprising conclusions. We find, for example, that under certain circumstances sharing will markedly increase profit even if sharing is inefficient in the sense that it is more expensive for consumers to distribute the good via sharing than it would be for the producer to simply produce additional units. Conversely, we find that sharing can markedly decrease profit even where sharing reduces net distribution costs. These results contrast with much of the prior literature on small-scale sharing, but are consistent with results obtained in related work on the topic of commodity bundling.information goods sharingseller profitprofitabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mn274qfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6mn274qf/qt6mn274qf.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8ds7q37p2026-09-17T11:39:27Zqt8ds7q37pModeling the Distribution, Impacts, and Mitigation of Anthropogenic Heat in Los AngelesKo, JosephHu, HaoLi, YunSchlaerth, HannahMayes, SteppPeplinski, McKennaJin, AndrewLi, DanVahmani, PouyaSanders, KellyBan‐Weiss, GeorgeZhang, Jiachen2026-06-28Abstract Anthropogenic heat emissions from human energy consumption contribute to the urban heat island (UHI) effect, yet their spatiotemporal distributions and impacts remain uncertain. In this study, we develop a 100 m resolution, hourly anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) data set for Los Angeles County and use the Weather Research and Forecasting model to quantify the meteorological impacts of AHF and the heat mitigation potential of electrification and energy efficiency measures. Annual mean AHF across the county was 2.54 W m −2 , increasing to 9.65 W m −2 over urban areas, with substantial variability across both space and time. AHF increased urban mean 2 m air temperature by approximately ∼0.3°C and canopy air temperature by more than 1°C, with localized canopy warming exceeding 4°C in certain neighborhoods. Electrification and energy efficiency measures can substantially mitigate warming caused by AHF, with stronger cooling effects near highways. Under the most aggressive mitigation scenario, these measures offset more than 50% of the AHF‐induced warming in both mean 2 m air temperature and canopy air temperature across urban Los Angeles. This study confirms AHF as an important contributor to Los Angeles' UHI and demonstrates that energy‐use reductions can provide non‐trivial cooling benefits. More broadly, this study highlights the value of coupling high‐resolution AHF inventories and meteorological modeling to improve effective heat mitigation planning under future urbanization and climate change.
Plain Language Summary Energy consumption from buildings, transportation, and even human metabolism adds extra heat to cities. We call this anthropogenic heat. Anthropogenic heat contributes to the urban heat island effect, describing a common phenomenon where cities are generally warmer than surrounding rural or suburban areas. In this study, we mapped anthropogenic heat across Los Angeles, showing how it varies by neighborhood and time of day. Using computational weather simulations, we found that this anthropogenic heat noticeably raises air temperatures, with some neighborhoods experiencing much larger temperature increases than others. We also show that electrification and energy efficiency measures, like improving building efficiency and transitions to more electric vehicle use, lead to less anthropogenic heat and subsequently lower urban air temperatures. These results show that human activity is a major contributor to urban heat and that energy use reductions can provide meaningful heat mitigation co‐benefits. Mapping heat at finer scales helps city planners and policymakers identify where and when actions will have the greatest impact, supporting strategies to make cities cooler, more comfortable, and more resilient to extreme heat.
Key Points A high‐resolution (100 m) hourly anthropogenic heat (AH) data set is developed for Los Angeles (LA) County, California AH increases 2 m air temperature () by 0.27°C and urban canopy air temperature () by 1.17°C in urban LA during the summer Intensive electrification and energy efficiency measures are estimated to reduce mean urban and by 0.16°C and 0.65°C, respectively37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions (rcdc)Climate Change (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)urban heat islandanthropogenic heatheat mitigationurban climateurban planningenergy-climate nexus0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)CC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ds7q37pinfo:doi/10.1029/2026jd046326articleJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol 131, iss 12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7wx4w8jb2026-09-17T11:36:40Zqt7wx4w8jbGenome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. WSM1253; a microsymbiont of Ornithopus compressus from the Greek Island of SifnosTiwari, RaviHowieson, JohnYates, RonTian, RuiHeld, BritannyTapia, RoxanneHan, CliffSeshadri, RekhaReddy, TBKHuntemann, MarcelPati, AmritaWoyke, TanjaMarkowitz, VictorIvanova, NataliaKyrpides, NikosReeve, Wayne2015-11-30Bradyrhizobium sp. WSM1253 is a novel N2-fixing bacterium isolated from a root nodule of the herbaceous annual legume Ornithopus compressus that was growing on the Greek Island of Sifnos. WSM1253 emerged as a strain of interest in an Australian program that was selecting inoculant quality bradyrhizobial strains for inoculation of Mediterranean species of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius, L. princei, L. atlanticus, L. pilosus). In this report we describe, for the first time, the genome sequence information and annotation of this legume microsymbiont. The 8,719,808 bp genome has a G + C content of 63.09 % with 71 contigs arranged into two scaffolds. The assembled genome contains 8,432 protein-coding genes, 66 RNA genes and a single rRNA operon. This improved-high-quality draft rhizobial genome is one of 20 sequenced through a DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Community Sequencing Project.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)root-nodule bacterianitrogen fixationrhizobiaOrnithopusOrnithopusnitrogen fixationrhizobiaroot-nodule bacteria0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wx4w8jbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7wx4w8jb/qt7wx4w8jb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s40793-015-0115-9articleEnvironmental Microbiome, vol 10, iss 1113oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt33t0027t2026-09-17T11:36:31Zqt33t0027tTHE SDSS-IV EXTENDED BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY: QUASAR TARGET SELECTIONMyers, Adam DPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePrakash, AbhishekPâris, IsabelleYeche, ChristopheDawson, Kyle SBovy, JoLang, DustinSchlegel, David JNewman, Jeffrey APetitjean, PatrickKneib, Jean-PaulLaurent, PierrePercival, Will JRoss, Ashley JSeo, Hee-JongTinker, Jeremy LArmengaud, EricBrownstein, JoelBurtin, EtienneCai, ZhengComparat, JohanKasliwal, MansiKulkarni, Shrinivas RLaher, RussLevitan, DavidMcBride, Cameron KMcGreer, Ian DMiller, Adam ANugent, PeterOfek, EranRossi, GrazianoRuan, JohnSchneider, Donald PSesar, BranimirStreblyanska, AlinaSurace, Jason2015-12-01As part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) IV the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) will improve measurements of the cosmological distance scale by applying the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) method to quasar samples. eBOSS will adopt two approaches to target quasars over 7500 deg2. First, a “CORE” quasar sample will combine the optical selection in ugriz using a likelihood-based routine called XDQSOz, with a mid-IR-optical color cut. eBOSS CORE selection (to g < 22 or r < 22) should return ∼70 deg−2 quasars at redshifts 0.9 < z < 2.2 and ∼7 deg−2z > 2.1 quasars. Second, a selection based on variability in multi-epoch imaging from the Palomar Transient Factory should recover an additional ∼3–4 deg−2z > 2.1 quasars to g < 22.5. A linear model of how imaging systematics affect target density recovers the angular distribution of eBOSS CORE quasars over 96.7% (76.7%) of the SDSS north (south) Galactic Cap area. The eBOSS CORE quasar sample should thus be sufficiently dense and homogeneous over 0.9 < z < 2.2 to yield the first few-percent-level BAO constraint near eBOSS quasars at z > 2.1 will be used to improve BAO measurements in the Lyα Forest. Beyond its key cosmological goals, eBOSS should be the next-generation quasar survey, comprising >500,000 new quasars and >500,000 uniformly selected spectroscopically confirmed 0.9 < z < 2.2 quasars. At the conclusion of eBOSS, the SDSS will have provided unique spectra for more than 800,000 quasars.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)catalogscosmology: observationsgalaxies: distances and redshiftsgalaxies: photometrymethods: data analysisquasars: generalastro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/33t0027thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt33t0027t/qt33t0027t.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/0067-0049/221/2/27articleThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol 221, iss 227oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5989m0fj2026-09-17T11:36:11Zqt5989m0fjGreenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seasonal dynamics of canopy‐scale photosynthesisToomey, MichaelFriedl, Mark AFrolking, SteveHufkens, KoenKlosterman, StephenSonnentag, OliverBaldocchi, Dennis DBernacchi, Carl JBiraud, Sebastien CBohrer, GilBrzostek, EdwardBurns, Sean PCoursolle, CaroleHollinger, David YMargolis, Hank AMccaughey, HarryMonson, Russell KMunger, J WilliamPallardy, StephenPhillips, Richard PTorn, Margaret SWharton, SoniaZeri, MarceloAnd, Andrew DRichardson, Andrew D2015-01-01The proliferation of digital cameras co-located with eddy covariance instrumentation provides new opportunities to better understand the relationship between canopy phenology and the seasonality of canopy photosynthesis. In this paper we analyze the abilities and limitations of canopy color metrics measured by digital repeat photography to track seasonal canopy development and photosynthesis, determine phenological transition dates, and estimate intra-annual and interannual variability in canopy photosynthesis. We used 59 site-years of camera imagery and net ecosystem exchange measurements from 17 towers spanning three plant functional types (deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen needleleaf forest, and grassland/crops) to derive color indices and estimate gross primary productivity (GPP). GPP was strongly correlated with greenness derived from camera imagery in all three plant functional types. Specifically, the beginning of the photosynthetic period in deciduous broadleaf forest and grassland/crops and the end of the photosynthetic period in grassland/crops were both correlated with changes in greenness; changes in redness were correlated with the end of the photosynthetic period in deciduous broadleaf forest. However, it was not possible to accurately identify the beginning or ending of the photosynthetic period using camera greenness in evergreen needleleaf forest. At deciduous broadleaf sites, anomalies in integrated greenness and total GPP were significantly correlated up to 60 days after the mean onset date for the start of spring. More generally, results from this work demonstrate that digital repeat photography can be used to quantify both the duration of the photosynthetically active period as well as total GPP in deciduous broadleaf forest and grassland/crops, but that new and different approaches are required before comparable results can be achieved in evergreen needleleaf forest.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Forests (mesh)Photography (mesh)Photosynthesis (mesh)PigmentsBiological (mesh)Plants (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)deciduous broadleaf forestdigital repeat photographyevergreen needleleaf forestgrasslandgross primary productivityPhenoCamphenologyphotosynthesisseasonalityPlants (mesh)Photography (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Photosynthesis (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)PigmentsBiological (mesh)Forests (mesh)Forests (mesh)Photography (mesh)Photosynthesis (mesh)PigmentsBiological (mesh)Plants (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)30 Agriculturalveterinary and food sciences (for-2020)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5989m0fjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5989m0fj/qt5989m0fj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1890/14-0005.1articleEcological Applications, vol 25, iss 199 - 115oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5fr4v6gf2026-09-17T11:35:56Zqt5fr4v6gfSeasonality of composition, genomic potential and activity of coniferous forest soil microbiomesHuman, Zander RainierŠtursová, MartinaOdriozola, IñakiVětrovský, TomášHowe, AdinaNavrátilová, DianaLópez-Mondéjar, RubénŽifčáková, LuciaBrabcová, VendulaMundra, SunilThoen, EllaMorgado, LuisFiore-Donno, Anna MariaBonkowski, MichaelAdamczyk, BartoszKohout, PetrLipton, Mary SCalhoun, SaraLaButti, KurtLipzen, AnnaKeymanesh, KeykhosrowTejomurthula, SravanthiPennacchio, ChristaGrigoriev, Igor VMartin, FrancisKauserud, HåvardBaldrian, Petr2026-04-23Coniferous forest soils represent a globally important carbon sink, where the microbiome is essential for carbon flux between tree roots, rhizosphere, litter and soil. Soil habitats, such as roots, rhizosphere, bulk soil and litter differ in physicochemical properties and composition of highly specialized microbial communities, whose activity reflects the seasonality of temperature and tree activity of these mid- to high-latitude biomes. Here we present a multi-omic dataset encompassing 160 samples collected from four coniferous forest soil habitats in the Czech Republic and Norway, sampled in early summer, late summer, early winter and late winter that characterize the composition, genomic potential and activity of tree roots and microbiome. For each sample, we provide metabarcoding-based composition of bacterial, fungal and eukaryotic communities, results of shotgun DNA sequencing (metagenomes) and shotgun RNA sequencing (metatranscriptomes) illustrating the functional potential and activity within habitats. This dataset enables analyses of the temporal variation of taxonomic composition, functional potential and transcription across seasons in a temperate and boreal coniferous forest.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3007 Forestry Sciences (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Cancer Genomics (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Microbiome (rcdc)Plant Roots (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Czech Republic (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Forests (mesh)Tracheophyta (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Seasons (mesh)Forests (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Tracheophyta (mesh)Czech Republic (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fr4v6gfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5fr4v6gf/qt5fr4v6gf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41597-026-07163-warticleScientific Data, vol 13, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3km7r3w92026-09-17T11:35:35Zqt3km7r3w9Colloquium: Graphene spectroscopyBasov, DNFogler, MMLanzara, AWang, FengZhang, Yuanbo张远波2014-07-01Spectroscopic studies of electronic phenomena in graphene are reviewed. A variety of methods and techniques are surveyed, from quasiparticle spectroscopies (tunneling, photoemission) to methods probing density and current response (infrared optics, Raman) to scanning probe nanoscopy and ultrafast pump-probe experiments. Vast complimentary information derived from these investigations is shown to highlight unusual properties of Dirac quasiparticles and many-body interaction effects in the physics of graphene.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mes-hall02 Physical Sciences (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3km7r3w9https://escholarship.org/content/qt3km7r3w9/qt3km7r3w9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/revmodphys.86.959articleReviews of Modern Physics, vol 86, iss 3959 - 994oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6q27c3bc2026-09-17T11:35:10Zqt6q27c3bcRethinking the soil core microbiomeLee, JaejinRolón, Bolívar Apontede Lorimier, PhillipAné, Jean‐MichelBenucci, Gian Maria NiccolòCarrell, Alyssa AChai, Yen NingChandrasoma, JanithGeerdes, NicoleInfante, ValentinaKristy, BrandonMartin, StantonPascoe, ImaniPatra, RounakRadmer, LorienRush, Tomás AllenShita, Ndenum SuzzySuratt, AndieSuthers, Patrick FCregger, Melissa AHowe, AdinaLebeis, SarahScheller, Henrik Vibe2026-08-17The concept of a core microbiome emerged from host-associated research to describe microbial members or functions conserved across clearly defined spatial, temporal, and biological boundaries. In soil- and plant-associated microbiome research, however, the term has increasingly shifted toward analytically defined subsets selected using study-specific thresholds or criteria. Synthesizing recent literature and cross-site analyses of bioenergy crop field soils, we show that the original biological meaning of the core microbiome has been blurred by dataset-specific analytical criteria. Taxa designated as 'core' were highly sensitive to methodological choices and often reflected explanatory value rather than conserved biological membership. Moreover, many studies that identify taxonomic 'core' members interpret their significance in functional terms, suggesting that functional conservation may be the biological interest. Taxonomic conservation may not be the most biologically meaningful target in highly heterogeneous soil and rhizosphere systems, where functional conservation may persist despite taxonomic turnover. Accordingly, 'core microbiome' should be reserved for microbial components explicitly demonstrated to be conserved across defined spatial, temporal, and environmental dimensions and linked to conserved ecological functions, while taxa selected for explanatory value are better described as 'explanatory subsets of taxa'. Greater terminological precision will improve cross-study comparability and strengthen ecological inference in plant-soil microbiome research.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)15 Life on Land (sdg)bioenergy cropscore microbiomeexplanatory subsets of taxafunctional convergencerhizosphere microbiomesoil microbiometaxonomic conservationbioenergy cropscore microbiomeexplanatory subsets of taxafunctional convergencerhizosphere microbiomesoil microbiometaxonomic conservation06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)4101 Climate change impacts and adaptation (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6q27c3bcinfo:doi/10.1111/nph.71509articleNew Phytologistoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3pc5p2gc2026-09-17T11:31:09Zqt3pc5p2gcLevel structure of light neutron-rich La isotopes beyond the N=82 shell closureNavin, AWang, EHBhattacharyya, SLiu, MenglanYuan, CenxiRejmund, MLemasson, ABiswas, SKim, YHMichelagnoli, CHamilton, JHRamayya, AVStefan, IBanik, RBednarczyk, PBhattacharya, SoumikClément, ECrawford, HLde France, GFallon, PFrémont, GGoupil, JJacquot, BLi, HJLjungvall, JLuo, YXMaj, AMénager, LMorel, VMukherjee, GPalit, RPérez-Vidal, RMRasmussen, JORopert, JSchmitt, CZhu, SJ2025-10-01The high spin excited states of Lanthanum isotopes La140–143, above the N=82 closed shell, were populated in fission reactions. The prompt γ-ray transitions were measured using two complementary methods: (a) in coincidence with the isotopically identified fragments produced in the fission of the U238+Be9 system using the Variable Mode Spectrometer (VAMOS++) and the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA) spectrometer, and (b) high statistics threefold γ-γ-γ and fourfold γ-γ-γ-γ coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of Cf252 using the Gammasphere. This work reports the first identification of a pair of parity doublet structures in La143 and the new high spin level structure in La140–142 from prompt γ-ray spectroscopy. The level structures are interpreted in terms of the systematics of neighboring odd-Z nuclei above the Z=50 shell closure and large-scale shell model calculations. The present results indicate the presence of stable octupole deformation in La143. The excitation energy pattern and their comparison with neighboring isotones, moving away from the N=82 closed shell, point towards a transition from single-particle structures to an alternating parity rotational band structure in the La isotopic chain.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pc5p2gchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3pc5p2gc/qt3pc5p2gc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/3jvn-hzdharticlePhysical Review C, vol 112, iss 4044310oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9wj5j03r2026-09-17T11:30:57Zqt9wj5j03rHyperspectral leaf reflectance of grasses varies with evolutionary lineage more than with sitePau, StephanieSlapikas, RyanHo, Che‐LingBayliss, Shannon LJDonnelly, Ryan CAbdullahi, AdamHelliker, Brent RNippert, Jesse BRiley, William JStill, Christopher JWedel, Emily RGriffith, Daniel M2025-04-01Abstract To predict ecological responses at broad environmental scales, grass species are commonly grouped into two broad functional types based on photosynthetic pathway. However, closely related species may have distinctive anatomical and physiological attributes that influence ecological responses, beyond those related to photosynthetic pathway alone. Hyperspectral leaf reflectance can provide an integrated measure of covarying leaf traits that may result from phylogenetic trait conservatism and/or environmental conditions. Understanding whether spectra‐trait relationships are lineage specific or reflect environmental variation across sites is necessary for using hyperspectral reflectance to predict plant responses to environmental changes across spatial scales. We measured hyperspectral leaf reflectance (400–2400 nm) and 12 structural, biochemical, and physiological leaf traits from five grass‐dominated sites spanning the Great Plains of North America. We assessed if variation in leaf reflectance spectra among grass species is explained more by evolutionary lineage (as captured by tribes or subfamilies), photosynthetic pathway (C 3 or C 4 ), or site differences. We then determined whether leaf spectra can be used to predict leaf traits within and across lineages. Our results using redundancy analysis ordination (RDA) show that grass tribe identity explained more variation in leaf spectra (adjusted R 2 = 0.12) than photosynthetic pathway, which explained little variation in leaf spectra (adjusted R 2 = 0.00). Furthermore, leaf reflectance from the same tribe across multiple sites was more similar than leaf reflectance from the same site across tribes (adjusted R 2 = 0.12 and 0.08, respectively). Across all sites and species, trait predictions based on spectra ranged considerably in predictive accuracies ( R 2 = 0.65 to <0.01), but R 2 was >0.80 for certain lineages and sites. The relationship between Vc max , a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and spectra was particularly promising. Chloridoideae, a lineage more common at drier sites, appears to have distinct spectra‐trait relationships compared with other lineages. Overall, our results show that evolutionary relatedness explains more variation in grass leaf spectra than photosynthetic pathway or site, but consideration of lineage‐ and site‐specific trait relationships is needed to interpret spectral variation across large environmental gradients.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)ChloridoideaegrasslandsGreat Plainsniche conservatismphylogenetic conservatismphylogenyplant functional typesremote sensingspectroscopyVc(max)0501 Ecological Applications (for)0602 Ecology (for)0608 Zoology (for)3103 Ecology (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wj5j03rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9wj5j03r/qt9wj5j03r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/ecs2.70257articleEcosphere, vol 16, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jw844j12026-09-17T11:30:47Zqt3jw844j1Fabrication of a Nb-Ti Superconducting Closed-Loop Coil for the Next-Generation 45 GHz ECR Ion Source MARS-DXu, LianrongBenitez, JanileeDuran, Jaime CruzFerracin, PaoloJuchno, MariuszPhair, LarryTodd, DamonWang, LiXie, DanielYang, Ye2025-08-01Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRISs) that utilize Nb-Ti superconducting coils for 28 GHz frequencies have been operating effectively for over twenty years. However, transitioning to higher frequencies demands stronger magnetic fields, and the conventional racetrack-and-solenoid ECRIS structures have reached their maximum capability with Nb-Ti. To address this, a Mixed Axial and Radial field System Demonstrator (MARS-D) is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). This system features an innovative Closed-Loop Coil (CLC) design that optimizes the use of the conductor fields, enabling the application of Nb-Ti in the next-generation 45 GHz ECRISs. The fabrication of the hexagonal CLC is particularly challenging due to its complex winding path and shape, the stiffness of the Nb-Ti superconducting wire, and the small bending radius. To address these challenges, a series of unique fixtures and tools, as well as a pre-over-bending method, were developed for winding the CLC. To validate the winding fixtures, tools, procedures, and materials used in the coil assembly, a 4-layer practice CLC was wound, epoxy-impregnated, and then cold-tested using liquid nitrogen. The full-size MARS-D CLC is in the process of winding. This paper presents the structure of the MARS-D CLC, the winding fixtures and tools, the winding procedures, the quality control, the impregnation, the test results, and the potential future improvements.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)WindingsBendingCoilsWiresFixturesSuperconducting magnetsSuperconducting wiresMagnetic resonanceFabricationIon sourcesECR ion sourcesmagnet structuresuper- conducting magnetsATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)NSD-88-Inch Cyclotron (c-lbnl-label)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jw844j1https://escholarship.org/content/qt3jw844j1/qt3jw844j1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2025.3542743articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 35, iss 51 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4vp160zd2026-09-17T11:30:40Zqt4vp160zdProperties of the Db256 decay chainPore, JLGates, JMOrford, RGarcia, FHCrawford, HLFallon, PGooding, JACovo, M KireeffMcCarthy, MStoyer, MA2024-10-01Experiments were performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron Facility to study the decays of neutron-deficient dubnium isotopes. These isotopes were produced in the Pb206(V51, xn)Db255,256 reaction, and excitation functions were measured. This article reports on the observed properties of the Db256 decay chain. The produced Db256 nuclei were separated from unreacted-beam material and reaction byproducts with the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS) before being implanted into a double-sided silicon strip detector at the BGS focal plane. Decay properties of Db256 and its daughters were then extracted from the analysis of correlations between implanted Db nuclei with α decay chains and spontaneous fission (SF) events. In total, 86 decay chains and 38 SF events were observed, giving increased statistics as compared to previous studies. Improved decay data are presented for Db256 and its daughter isotopes Lr252, No252, Md248, Fm248, Es244, and Cf244.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CSD-05-HEC-B (c-lbnl-label)NSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vp160zdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4vp160zd/qt4vp160zd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.110.044313articlePhysical Review C, vol 110, iss 4044313oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3qd4z7b02026-09-17T11:30:22Zqt3qd4z7b0AmeriFlux BASE data pipeline to support network growth and data sharingChu, HousenChristianson, Danielle SCheah, You-WeiPastorello, GilbertoO’Brien, FiannaGeden, JoshuaNgo, Sy-ToanHollowgrass, RachelLeibowitz, KarlaBeekwilder, Norman FSandesh, MeghaDengel, SigridChan, Stephen WSantos, AndréDelwiche, KyleYi, KoongBuechner, ChristinBaldocchi, DennisPapale, DarioKeenan, Trevor FBiraud, Sébastien CAgarwal, Deborah ATorn, Margaret S2023-09-11AmeriFlux is a network of research sites that measure carbon, water, and energy fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere using the eddy covariance technique to study a variety of Earth science questions. AmeriFlux’s diversity of ecosystems, instruments, and data-processing routines create challenges for data standardization, quality assurance, and sharing across the network. To address these challenges, the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) designed and implemented the BASE data-processing pipeline. The pipeline begins with data uploaded by the site teams, followed by the AMP team’s quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), ingestion of site metadata, and publication of the BASE data product. The semi-automated pipeline enables us to keep pace with the rapid growth of the network. As of 2022, the AmeriFlux BASE data product contains 3,130 site years of data from 444 sites, with standardized units and variable names of more than 60 common variables, representing the largest long-term data repository for flux-met data in the world. The standardized, quality-ensured data product facilitates multisite comparisons, model evaluations, and data syntheses.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)CESD-Carbon Cycle Measurement and Modeling (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qd4z7b0https://escholarship.org/content/qt3qd4z7b0/qt3qd4z7b0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41597-023-02531-2articleScientific Data, vol 10, iss 1614oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3q12x1gh2026-09-17T11:29:58Zqt3q12x1ghPerspectives for self-driving labs in synthetic biologyMartin, Hector GRadivojevic, TijanaZucker, JeremyBouchard, KristoferSustarich, JessPeisert, SeanArnold, DanHillson, NathanBabnigg, GyorgyMarti, Jose MMungall, Christopher JBeckham, Gregg TWaldburger, LucasCarothers, JamesSundaram, ShivShankarAgarwal, DebSimmons, Blake ABackman, TylerBanerjee, DeepanwitaTanjore, DeeptiRamakrishnan, LavanyaSingh, Anup2023-02-01Self-driving labs (SDLs) combine fully automated experiments with artificial intelligence (AI) that decides the next set of experiments. Taken to their ultimate expression, SDLs could usher a new paradigm of scientific research, where the world is probed, interpreted, and explained by machines for human benefit. While there are functioning SDLs in the fields of chemistry and materials science, we contend that synthetic biology provides a unique opportunity since the genome provides a single target for affecting the incredibly wide repertoire of biological cell behavior. However, the level of investment required for the creation of biological SDLs is only warranted if directed toward solving difficult and enabling biological questions. Here, we discuss challenges and opportunities in creating SDLs for synthetic biology.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Humans (mesh)Artificial Intelligence (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Humans (mesh)Artificial Intelligence (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Humans (mesh)Artificial Intelligence (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)q-bio.OTq-bio.OT06 Biological Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)10 Technology (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3106 Industrial biotechnology (for-2020)3206 Medical biotechnology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q12x1ghhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3q12x1gh/qt3q12x1gh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102881articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9q82v39m2026-09-17T11:29:49Zqt9q82v39mHourly water-carbon interactions modulate decadal water-use efficiency trends inferred from ecosystem-scale measurementsChang, Kuang-YuRiley, William JKeenan, Trevor F2022-11-01Plant stomatal conductance regulates photosynthesis and transpiration. This physiological link affects ecosystem responses to microclimate and harmonizes carbon, energy, and water exchanges between the biosphere and atmosphere. The relationship between water losses via transpiration and carbon gains via photosynthesis can be quantified by plant water-use efficiency (WUE). While leaf- and ecosystem-scale observations both suggest rising WUE in recent decades, WUE trends inferred from the ecosystem scale are much larger than those inferred from the leaf scale or implied by theory. The unexpectedly large ecosystem-scale WUE trends complicate interpretation of ecophysiological responses to changing environmental conditions. Here, we analyze ecosystem-scale WUE inferred from 40 FLUXNET sites, each with at least 10 years of measurements. Our results demonstrate that observed ecosystem-scale WUE trends are more sensitive to hourly weather conditions than longer-term changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide or vapor pressure deficit. Our analysis shows that Earth System Models participating in CMIP6 did not capture the observed WUE sensitivity to inter-site variability and microclimatic conditions. Collectively, our findings suggest that ecosystem-scale WUE trends reflect water-carbon interactions across multiple temporal scales, and disentangling factors contributing to emergent ecosystem responses is needed to infer ecophysiological relationships and model structures from observations.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Water -use efficiencyCarbon cycleFLUXNET04 Earth Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)30 Agriculturalveterinary and food sciences (for-2020)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q82v39mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9q82v39m/qt9q82v39m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109158articleAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol 326109158oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3wv5r7472026-09-17T11:29:37Zqt3wv5r747Dispersal and fire limit Arctic shrub expansionLiu, YanlanRiley, William JKeenan, Trevor FMekonnen, Zelalem AHolm, Jennifer AZhu, QingTorn, Margaret S2022-07-04Arctic shrub expansion alters carbon budgets, albedo, and warming rates in high latitudes but remains challenging to predict due to unclear underlying controls. Observational studies and models typically use relationships between observed shrub presence and current environmental suitability (bioclimate and topography) to predict shrub expansion, while omitting shrub demographic processes and non-stationary response to changing climate. Here, we use high-resolution satellite imagery across Alaska and western Canada to show that observed shrub expansion has not been controlled by environmental suitability during 1984–2014, but can only be explained by considering seed dispersal and fire. These findings provide the impetus for better observations of recruitment and for incorporating currently underrepresented processes of seed dispersal and fire in land models to project shrub expansion and climate feedbacks. Integrating these dynamic processes with projected fire extent and climate, we estimate shrubs will expand into 25% of the non-shrub tundra by 2100, in contrast to 39% predicted based on increasing environmental suitability alone. Thus, using environmental suitability alone likely overestimates and misrepresents shrub expansion pattern and its associated carbon sink.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)Alaska (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Fires (mesh)Tundra (mesh)Fires (mesh)Alaska (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Tundra (mesh)Alaska (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Fires (mesh)Tundra (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wv5r747https://escholarship.org/content/qt3wv5r747/qt3wv5r747.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-022-31597-6articleNature Communications, vol 13, iss 13843oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6dn4r1hn2026-09-17T11:26:38Zqt6dn4r1hnCO2 fertilization of terrestrial photosynthesis inferred from site to global scalesChen, ChiRiley, William JPrentice, I ColinKeenan, Trevor F2022-03-08SignificanceThe magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial photosynthesis is uncertain because it is not directly observed and is subject to confounding effects of climatic variability. We apply three well-established eco-evolutionary optimality theories of gas exchange and photosynthesis, constraining the main processes of CO2 fertilization using measurable variables. Using this framework, we provide robust observationally inferred evidence that a strong CO2 fertilization effect is detectable in globally distributed eddy covariance networks. Applying our method to upscale photosynthesis globally, we find that the magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect is comparable to its in situ counterpart but highlight the potential for substantial underestimation of this effect in tropical forests for many reflectance-based satellite photosynthesis products.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)CO2 fertilization effectphotosynthesisGPPoptimization theorycarbon and water couplinginsulin resistancecullinMLN4924diabetesfatty liverCO2 fertilization effectGPPcarbon and water couplingoptimization theoryphotosynthesisapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dn4r1hnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6dn4r1hn/qt6dn4r1hn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.2115627119articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 119, iss 10e2115627119oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt14t010cc2026-09-17T11:26:25Zqt14t010ccEffect of nozzle curvature on supersonic gas jets used in laser–plasma accelerationZhou, OceanTsai, Hai-EnOstermayr, Tobias MFan-Chiang, Lionavan Tilborg, JeroenSchroeder, Carl BEsarey, EricGeddes, Cameron GR2021-09-01Supersonic gas jets produced by converging–diverging nozzles are commonly used as targets for laser–plasma acceleration (LPA) experiments. A major point of interest for these targets is the gas density at the region of interaction where the laser ionizes the gas plume to create a plasma, providing the acceleration structure. Tuning the density profiles at this interaction region is crucial to LPA optimization. A “flat-top” density profile is desired at the line of interaction to control laser propagation and high-energy electron acceleration, while a short high-density profile is often preferred for acceleration of lower-energy tightly focused laser–plasma interactions. A particular design parameter of interest is the curvature of the nozzle's diverging section. We examine three nozzle designs with different curvatures: the concave “bell,” straight conical, and convex “trumpet” nozzles. We demonstrate that for mm-scale axisymmetric nozzles that, at mm-scale distances from the nozzle exit, curvature significantly impacts shock formation and the resulting gas jet density field and, therefore, is an essential parameter in LPA gas jet design. We show that bell nozzles are able to produce focused regions of gas with higher densities. We find that the trumpet nozzle, similar to straight and bell nozzles, can produce flat-top profiles if optimized correctly and can produce flatter profiles at the cost of slightly wider edges. An optimization procedure for the trumpet nozzle is derived and compared to the straight nozzle optimization process. We present results for different nozzle designs from computational fluid dynamics simulations performed with the program ANSYS Fluent and verify them experimentally using neutral density interferometry.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATAP-2021 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/14t010cchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt14t010cc/qt14t010cc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0058963articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 28, iss 9093107oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1qs177372026-09-17T11:26:21Zqt1qs17737The future low-temperature geochemical data-scape as envisioned by the U.S. geochemical communityBrantley, Susan LWen, TaoAgarwal, Deborah ACatalano, Jeffrey GSchroeder, Paul ALehnert, KerstinVaradharajan, CharulekaPett-Ridge, JulieEngle, MarkCastronova, Anthony MHooper, Richard PMa, XiaogangJin, LixinMcHenry, KentonAronson, EmmaShaughnessy, Andrew RDerry, Louis ARichardson, JustinBales, JeradPierce, Eric M2021-12-01Data sharing benefits the researcher, the scientific community, and the public by allowing the impact of data to be generalized beyond one project and by making science more transparent. However, many scientific communities have not developed protocols or standards for publishing, citing, and versioning datasets. One community that lags in data management is that of low-temperature geochemistry (LTG). This paper resulted from an initiative from 2018 through 2020 to convene LTG and data scientists in the U.S. to strategize future management of LTG data. Through webinars, a workshop, a preprint, a townhall, and a community survey, the group of U.S. scientists discussed the landscape of data management for LTG – the data-scape. Currently this data-scape includes a “street bazaar” of data repositories. This was deemed appropriate in the same way that LTG scientists publish articles in many journals. The variety of data repositories and journals reflect that LTG scientists target many different scientific questions, produce data with extremely different structures and volumes, and utilize copious and complex metadata. Nonetheless, the group agreed that publication of LTG science must be accompanied by sharing of data in publicly accessible repositories, and, for sample-based data, registration of samples with globally unique persistent identifiers. LTG scientists should use certified data repositories that are either highly structured databases designed for specialized types of data, or unstructured generalized data systems. Recognizing the need for tools to enable search and cross-referencing across the proliferating data repositories, the group proposed that the overall data informatics paradigm in LTG should shift from “build data repository, data will come” to “publish data online, cybertools will find”. Funding agencies could also provide portals for LTG scientists to register funded projects and datasets, and forge approaches that cross national boundaries. The needed transformation of the LTG data culture requires emphasis in student education on science and management of data.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4610 Library and Information Studies (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)Data managementData repositoriesGeochemistryMetadataData sharingOpen science04 Earth Sciences (for)08 Information and Computing Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Geochemistry & Geophysics (science-metrix)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qs17737https://escholarship.org/content/qt1qs17737/qt1qs17737.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104933articleComputers & Geosciences, vol 157104933oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1x06t9652026-09-17T11:26:15Zqt1x06t965Demonstrating UPC++/Kokkos Interoperability in a Heat Conduction Simulation (Extended Abstract)Waters, DanielMacLean, Colin ABonachea, DanHargrove, Paul2021-11-20We describe the replacement of MPI with UPC++ in an existing Kokkos code that simulates heat conduction within a rectangular 3D object, as well as an analysis of the new code’s performance on CUDA accelerators. The key challenges were packing the halos in Kokkos data structures in a way that allowed for UPC++ remote memory access, and streamlining synchronization costs. Additional UPC++ abstractions used included global pointers, distributed objects, remote procedure calls, and futures. We also make use of the device allocator concept to facilitate data management in memory with unique properties, such as GPUs. Our results demonstrate that despite the algorithm’s good semantic match to message passing abstractions, straightforward modifications to use UPC++ communication deliver vastly improved performance and scalability in the common case. We find the one-sided UPC++ version written in a natural way exhibits good performance, whereas the message-passing version written in a straightforward way exhibits performance anomalies. We argue this represents a productivity benefit for one-sided communication models.CUDAExascale ComputingPerformance PortabilityPGASProductivityRMAapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x06t965https://escholarship.org/content/qt1x06t965/qt1x06t965.pdfinfo:doi/10.25344/S4630Varticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2cg118sd2026-09-17T11:26:10Zqt2cg118sdFLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlandsDelwiche, Kyle BKnox, Sara HelenMalhotra, AvniFluet-Chouinard, EtienneMcNicol, GavinFeron, SarahOuyang, ZutaoPapale, DarioTrotta, CarloCanfora, EleonoraCheah, You-WeiChristianson, DanielleAlberto, Ma Carmelita RAlekseychik, PavelAurela, MikaBaldocchi, DennisBansal, SheelBillesbach, David PBohrer, GilBracho, RosvelBuchmann, NinaCampbell, David ICelis, GerardoChen, JiquanChen, WeinanChu, HousenDalmagro, Higo JDengel, SigridDesai, Ankur RDetto, MatteoDolman, HanEichelmann, ElkeEuskirchen, EugenieFamulari, DanielaFuchs, KathrinGoeckede, MathiasGogo, SébastienGondwe, Mangaliso JGoodrich, Jordan PGottschalk, PiaGraham, Scott LHeimann, MartinHelbig, ManuelHelfter, CaroleHemes, Kyle SHirano, TakashiHollinger, DavidHörtnagl, LukasIwata, HirokiJacotot, AdrienJurasinski, GeraldKang, MinseokKasak, KunoKing, JohnKlatt, JaninaKoebsch, FranziskaKrauss, Ken WLai, Derrick YFLohila, AnnaleaMammarella, IvanMarchesini, Luca BelelliManca, GiovanniMatthes, Jaclyn HatalaMaximov, TrofimMerbold, LutzMitra, BhaskarMorin, Timothy HNemitz, EikoNilsson, Mats BNiu, ShuliOechel, Walter COikawa, Patricia YOno, KeisukePeichl, MatthiasPeltola, OlliReba, Michele LRichardson, Andrew DRiley, WilliamRunkle, Benjamin RKRyu, YoungryelSachs, TorstenSakabe, AyakaSanchez, Camilo ReySchuur, Edward ASchäfer, Karina VRSonnentag, OliverSparks, Jed PStuart-Haëntjens, EllenSturtevant, CoveSullivan, Ryan CSzutu, Daphne JThom, Jonathan ETorn, Margaret STuittila, Eeva-StiinaTurner, JessicaUeyama, MasahitoValach, Alex CVargas, RodrigoVarlagin, AndrejVazquez-Lule, Alma2021-07-29Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0402 Geochemistry (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3704 Geoinformatics (for-2020)3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cg118sdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2cg118sd/qt2cg118sd.pdfinfo:doi/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021articleEarth System Science Data, vol 13, iss 73607 - 3689oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4k96h7552026-09-17T11:25:50Zqt4k96h755A CUPID Li2100MoO4 scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facilityArmatol, AArmengaud, EArmstrong, WAugier, CAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBandac, ICBarabash, ASBari, GBarresi, ABaudin, DBellini, FBenato, GBeretta, MBergé, LBourgeois, ChBiassoni, MBillard, JBoldrini, VBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCalvo-Mozota, JMCamilleri, JCandela, ACapelli, SCappelli, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCazes, ACeli, EChang, CChapellier, MCharrier, AChiesa, DClemenza, MColantoni, ICollamati, FCopello, SCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCruciani, AD'Addabbo, AD'Imperio, GDafinei, IDanevich, FAde Combarieu, MDe Deo, MDe Jesus, Mde Marcillac, PDell'Oro, SDi Domizio, SDompe, VDrobizhev, ADumoulin, LFantini, GFaverzani, MFerri, EFerri, FFerroni, FFigueroa-Feliciano, EFormaggio, JFranceschi, AFu, CFu, SFujikawa, BKGascon, JGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGorla, PGotti, CGras, PGros, MGuerard, EGutierrez, TDHan, KHansen, EVHeeger, KMHelis, DLHuang, HZHuang, RGIanni, AImbert, LJohnston, JJuillard, AKarapetrov, GKeppel, GKhalife, HKobychev, VVKolomensky, Yu GKonovalov, SILiu, YLoaiza, PMa, LMadhukuttan, MMancarella, FMariam, RMarini, L2021-02-01A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li2100MoO4 crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation 0ν2β experiment CUPID . The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li2100MoO4 bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV γ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li2100MoO4 bolometer allowed for a full separation (∼8σ) between γ(β) and α events above 2 MeV . The Li2100MoO4 crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with 228Th and 226Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 μBq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li2100MoO4 scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the 100Mo 0ν2β decay in CROSS and CUPID projects.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Cryogenic detectorsDouble-beta decay detectorsParticle identification methodsScintillatorsscintillation and light emission processes (solidgas and liquid scintillators)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-detNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k96h755https://escholarship.org/content/qt4k96h755/qt4k96h755.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/16/02/p02037articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 16, iss 02p02037 - p02037oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt703700pf2026-09-17T11:25:12Zqt703700pfCUORE: The first bolometric experiment at the ton scale for the search for neutrino-less double beta decayAdams, DQAlduino, CAlfonso, KAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBari, GBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCaminata, ACampani, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, AD’Aguanno, DDafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDi Domizio, SDompè, VDrobizhev, AFang, DQFantini, GFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHan, KHeeger, KMHuang, RGHuang, HZJohnston, JKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CMa, YGMarini, LMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SNapolitano, TNastasi, MNones, CNorman, EBNovati, VNucciotti, ANutini, IO’Donnell, TOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, EPuiu, ARosenfeld, CRusconi, CSakai, MSangiorgio, SSchmidt, BScielzo, NDSingh, VSisti, MSpeller, DTaffarello, LTerranova, FTomei, C2020-04-01The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the most massive bolometric experiment searching for neutrino-less double beta (0 ν β β ) decay. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO 2 crystals (742 kg) arranged in a compact cylindrical structure of 19 towers. This paper will describe the CUORE experiment, including the cryostat, and present the detector performance during the first year of running. Additional detail will describe the effort made in improving the energy resolution in the 130Te 0 ν β β decay region of interest (ROI) and the suppression of backgrounds. A description of work to lower the energy threshold in order to give CUORE the sensitivity to search for other rare events, such as dark matter, will also be provided.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Neutrinoless double beta decayTon-scale detectorBolometersNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/703700pfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt703700pf/qt703700pf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162440articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 958162440oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3qm903wf2026-09-17T11:23:18Zqt3qm903wfThe Cell Ontology in the age of single-cell omicsTan, Shawn Zheng KaiPuig-Barbe, AleixGoutte-Gattat, DamienEastwood, CarolineAevermann, BrianAvola, AlidaBalhoff, James PBayindir, Ismail UgurBelfiore, JasmineCaron, Anita ReaneFischer, David SGeorge, NancyGyori, Benjamin MHaendel, Melissa AHoyt, Charles TapleyKir, HuseyinLubiana, TiagoMatentzoglu, NicolasOverton, James APeng, BeverlyPeters, BjoernQuardokus, Ellen MRay, Patrick LRoncaglia, PaolaRivera, Andrea DStefancsik, RayTeh, Wei KhengToro, SabrinaVasilevsky, NicoleXu, ChuanZhang, YunScheuermann, Richard HMungall, Christopher JDiehl, Alexander DOsumi-Sutherland, David2026-04-01Single-cell omics technologies have transformed our understanding of cellular diversity by enabling high-resolution profiling of individual cells. However, the unprecedented scale and heterogeneity of these datasets demand robust frameworks for data integration and annotation. The Cell Ontology (CL) has emerged as a pivotal resource for achieving FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles by providing standardized, species-agnostic terms for canonical cell types, forming a core component of a wide range of platforms and tools. In this paper, we describe the wide variety of uses of CL in these platforms and tools and detail ongoing work to improve and extend CL content including the addition of transcriptomic types, working closely with major atlasing efforts including the Human Cell Atlas and the Brain Initiative Cell Atlas Network to support their needs. We cover the challenges and future plans for harmonising classical and transcriptomic cell type definitions, integrating markers and using Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve content and efficiency of CL workflows.3205 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Humans (mesh)Single-Cell Analysis (mesh)Biological Ontologies (mesh)Large Language Models (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)3205 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)3205 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Humans (mesh)Single-Cell Analysis (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Biological Ontologies (mesh)Large Language Models (mesh)Humans (mesh)Single-Cell Analysis (mesh)Biological Ontologies (mesh)Large Language Models (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qm903wfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3qm903wf/qt3qm903wf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41597-026-07173-8articleScientific Data, vol 13, iss 1946oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2p77f7gz2026-09-17T11:22:25Zqt2p77f7gzPatent Holdouts and the Standard-Setting ProcessLichtman, Douglas2006-05-01A patent holder whose patent is made public only after the relevant technology has been widely adopted can demand not only a royalty that reflects the intrinsic value of that technology but also a royalty that reflects the value of each infringing firm's technology-specific investments. This is the familiar patent holdout problem, and it particularly plagues the standard-setting process. Importantly, and the insight missed both in practice and in the literature today, the greater the number of patent holders in this holdout position, the less each can expect to earn from this tactic. That is, if fifteen patent holders can credibly threaten to shut an infringer for six months while that firm redesigns its products and services, the value associated with avoiding six months of disruption must be split fifteen ways. If three hundred patent holders can credibly make that threat, the pro rata share drops by a factor of twenty. More patents means less money per patent holder. Less money, in turn, means less of an incentive for a firm to strategically delay in the hopes of being a patent holdout, and less of an incentive for an accidental patent holdout to actually bring suit. In this eight-page magazine-style piece, I examine this dynamic and argue that firms can harness it as a way of protecting themselves from patent holdouts. If I am right here, my analysis has not only a practical payoff for firms hoping to implement patented technologies, but also some theoretical punch. After all, the conventional literature on the tragedy of the anti-commons asserts that resources will be inefficiently under-used in the face of too many overlapping patent rights. My point here is that some resources actually come into efficient use precisely because there are so many patent holders who each can plausibly veto a particular party's use.anti-commonstragedy of the anti-commonspatent holdoutpatentstandardsSSOstandard-setting organizationprotocolapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p77f7gzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2p77f7gz/qt2p77f7gz.pdfarticleAcademic Advisory Council Bulletin, vol 1.3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1gd059hj2026-09-17T11:22:15Zqt1gd059hjUPC++: A High-Performance Communication Framework for Asynchronous ComputationBachan, JBaden, SHofmeyr, SJacquelin, MKamil, ABonachea, DHargrove, PAhmed, H2019-05-20UPC++ is a C++ library that supports high-performance computation via an asynchronous communication framework. This paper describes a new incarnation that differs substantially from its predecessor, and we discuss the reasons for our design decisions. We present new design features, including future-based asynchrony management, distributed objects, and generalized Remote Procedure Call (RPC).
We show microbenchmark performance results demonstrating that one-sided Remote Memory Access (RMA) in UPC++ is competitive with MPI-3 RMA; on a Cray XC40 UPC++ delivers up to a 25% improvement in the latency of blocking RMA put, and up to a 33% bandwidth improvement in an RMA throughput test. We showcase the benefits of UPC++ with irregular applications through a pair of application motifs, a distributed hash table and a sparse solver component. Our distributed hash table in UPC++ delivers near-linear weak scaling up to 34816 cores of a Cray XC40. Our UPC++ implementation of the sparse solver component shows robust strong scaling up to 2048 cores, where it outperforms variants communicating using MPI by up to 3.1x.
UPC++ encourages the use of aggressive asynchrony in low-overhead RMA and RPC, improving programmer productivity and delivering high performance in irregular applications.AsynchronousExascalePGASRMARPC46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)3301 Architecture (for-2020)33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)AsynchronousPGASRMARPCExascaleapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gd059hjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1gd059hj/qt1gd059hj.pdfinfo:doi/10.25344/S4V88Harticle2019 IEEE 33RD INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS 2019), vol 00963 - 973oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt758528ck2026-09-17T11:22:10Zqt758528ckQuantum Associative Memory in Hep Track Pattern RecognitionShapoval, IllyaCalafiura, PaoloForti, ABetev, LLitmaath, MSmirnova, OHristov, P2019-01-01We have entered the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Era. A plethora of quantum processor prototypes allow evaluation of potential of the Quantum Computing paradigm in applications to pressing computational problems of the future. Growing data input rates and detector resolution foreseen in High-Energy LHC (2030s) experiments expose the often high time and/or space complexity of classical algorithms. Quantum algorithms can potentially become the lower-complexity alternatives in such cases. In this work we discuss the potential of Quantum Associative Memory (QuAM) in the context of LHC data triggering. We examine the practical limits of storage capacity, as well as store and recall errorless efficiency, from the viewpoints of the state-of-the-art IBM quantum processors and LHC real-time charged track pattern recognition requirements. We present a software prototype implementation of the QuAM protocols and analyze the topological limitations for porting the simplest QuAM instances to the public IBM 5Q and 14Q cloud-based superconducting chips.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exquant-ph5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and accelerators (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/758528ckhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt758528ck/qt758528ck.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/epjconf/201921401012articleEPJ Web of Conferences, vol 21401012oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2jj5q3j32026-09-17T11:22:06Zqt2jj5q3j3Suppression of Beam Hosing in Plasma Accelerators with Ion MotionMehrling, TJBenedetti, CSchroeder, CBEsarey, ELeemans, WP2018-12-28Mitigation of the beam hose instability in plasma-based accelerators is required for the realization of many applications, including plasma-based colliders. The hose instability is analyzed in the blowout regime including plasma ion motion, and ion motion is shown to suppress the hose instability by inducing a head-to-tail variation in the focusing force experienced by the beam. Hence, stable acceleration in plasma-based accelerators is possible, while, by use of proper bunch shaping, minimizing the energy spread and preserving the transverse beam emittance.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jj5q3j3https://escholarship.org/content/qt2jj5q3j3/qt2jj5q3j3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.121.264802articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 121, iss 26264802oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt91d7r46p2026-09-17T11:21:49Zqt91d7r46pGASNet-EX Performance Improvements Due to Specialization for the Cray Aries NetworkHargrove, PBonachea, Dan2019-02-14GASNet-EX is a portable, open-source, high-performance communication library designed to efficiently support the networking requirements of PGAS runtime systems and other alternative models on future exascale machines. This paper reports on the improvements in performance observed on Cray XC-series systems due to enhancements made to the GASNet-EX software. These enhancements, known as "specializations", primarily consist of replacing network-independent implementations of several recently added features with implementations tailored to the Cray Aries network. Performance gains from specialization include (1) Negotiated-Payload Active Messages improve bandwidth of a ping-pong test by up to 14%, (2) Immediate Operations reduce running time of a synthetic benchmark by up to 93%, (3) non-bulk RMA Put bandwidth is increased by up to 32%, (4) Remote Atomic performance is 70% faster than the reference on a point-to-point test and allows a hot-spot test to scale robustly, and (5) non-contiguous RMA interfaces see up to 8.6x speedups for an intra-node benchmark and 26% for inter-node. These improvements are all available in GASNet-EX version 2018.3.0 and later.Active MessagesHPCNetworkingPGASRemote AtomicsRMASupercomputing46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4601 Applied Computing (for-2020)Active MessagesRMARemote AtomicsPGASHPCNetworkingSupercomputingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/91d7r46phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt91d7r46p/qt91d7r46p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/PAW-ATM.2018.00008articlePROCEEDINGS OF PAW-ATM18: 2018 IEEE/ACM PARALLEL APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP, ALTERNATIVES TO MPI (PAW-ATM), vol 0023 - 33oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55f9x4wg2026-09-17T11:21:45Zqt55f9x4wgUPC++ Specification v1.0, Draft 8Bachan, JohnBaden, ScottBonachea, DanHargrove, PaulHofmeyr, StevenJacquelin, MathiasKamil, AmirVan Straalen, Brian2018-09-23This document has been superseded by:
UPC++ Specification v1.0, Draft 10 (LBNL-2001192)
https://doi.org/10.25344/S4JS30
UPC++ is a C++11 library providing classes and functions that support Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming. We are revising the library under the auspices of the DOE’s Exascale Computing Project, to meet the needs of applications requiring PGAS support. UPC++ is intended for implementing elaborate distributed data structures where communication is irregular or fine-grained. The UPC++ interfaces for moving non-contiguous data and handling memories with different optimal access methods are composable and similar to those used in conventional C++. The UPC++ programmer can expect communication to run at close to hardware speeds.
The key facilities in UPC++ are global pointers, that enable the programmer to express ownership information for improving locality, one-sided communication, both put/get and RPC, futures and continuations. Futures capture data readiness state, which is useful in making scheduling decisions, and continuations provide for completion handling via callbacks. Together, these enable the programmer to chain together a DAG of operations to execute asynchronously as high-latency dependencies become satisfied.Exascale ComputingLibrary specificationparallel distributed programmingPGASscientific computingUPC++application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55f9x4wghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt55f9x4wg/qt55f9x4wg.pdfinfo:doi/10.2172/1477391articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt02r988n62026-09-17T11:21:41Zqt02r988n6UPC++ Programmer’s Guide, v1.0-2018.9.0Bachan, JBaden, SBonachea, DanHargrove, PHofmeyr, SJacquelin, MKamil, AVan Straalen, B2018-09-25This document has been superseded by:
UPC++ Programmer’s Guide, v1.0-2019.3.0 (LBNL-2001191)
https://doi.org/10.25344/S4F301
UPC++ is a C++11 library that provides Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming. It is designed for writing parallel programs that run efficiently and scale well on distributed-memory parallel computers. The PGAS model is single program, multiple-data (SPMD), with each separate constituent process having access to local memory as it would in C++. However, PGAS also provides access to a global address space, which is allocated in shared segments that are distributed over the processes. UPC++ provides numerous methods for accessing and using global memory. In UPC++, all operations that access remote memory are explicit, which encourages programmers to be aware of the cost of communication and data movement. Moreover, all remote-memory access operations are by default asynchronous, to enable programmers to write code that scales well even on hundreds of thousands of cores.Exascale ComputingGASNetLibrary Programmer's Guideparallel distributed programmingPGASscientific computingUPC++application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/02r988n6https://escholarship.org/content/qt02r988n6/qt02r988n6.pdfinfo:doi/10.25344/S49G6Varticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4kp2p54p2026-09-17T11:21:32Zqt4kp2p54pAnisotropic flow of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVThe ALICE collaborationAcharya, SAcosta, F T-Adamová, DAdolfsson, JAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAiola, SAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAlam, SNAlbuquerque, DSDAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, YAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltenkamper, LAltsybeev, IAnaam, MNAndrei, CAndreou, DAndrews, HAAndronic, AAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAnson, CAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAnwar, RApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArnold, OWArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBatyunya, BBatzing, PCBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, IRBhatt, HBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, ABianchi, L2018-09-01The elliptic (v2), triangular (v3), and quadrangular (v4) flow coefficients of π±, K±, p+p¯,Λ+Λ¯,KS0$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}},\kern0.5em \Lambda +\overline{\Lambda},\kern0.5em {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}^0 $$, and the ϕ-meson are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$ {\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=5.02 $$ TeV. Results obtained with the scalar product method are reported for the rapidity range |y| < 0.5 as a function of transverse momentum, pT, at different collision centrality intervals between 0–70%, including ultra-central (0–1%) collisions for π±, K±, and p+p¯$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$. For pT< 3 GeV/c, the flow coefficients exhibit a particle mass dependence. At intermediate transverse momenta (3 < pT < 8–10 GeV/c), particles show an approximate grouping according to their type (i.e., mesons and baryons). The ϕ-meson v2, which tests both particle mass dependence and type scaling, follows p+p¯$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$v2 at low pT and π±v2 at intermediate pT. The evolution of the shape of vn(pT) as a function of centrality and harmonic number n is studied for the various particle species. Flow coefficients of π±, K±, and p+p¯$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$ for pT < 3 GeV/c are compared to iEBE-VISHNU and MUSIC hydrodynamical calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (UrQMD). The iEBE-VISHNU calculations describe the results fairly well for pT < 2.5 GeV/c, while MUSIC calculations reproduce the measurements for pT < 1 GeV/c. A comparison to vn coefficients measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76$$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV is also provided.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Heavy Ion Experiments0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kp2p54phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4kp2p54p/qt4kp2p54p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep09(2018)006articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 96oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt74h3084v2026-09-17T11:21:26Zqt74h3084vThe CUORE Bolometric Detector for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay SearchesCassina, LAlduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBari, GBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, AD’Aguanno, DDafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHan, KHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHuang, HZKeppel, GKolomensky, YGLeder, ALigi, CLim, KEMa, YGMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNagorny, SSNapolitano, TNastasi, MNones, CNorman, EBNovati, VNucciotti, AO’Donnell, TOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, CRusconi, CSakai, MSangiorgio, SSantone, DSchmidt, BSchmidt, JScielzo, ND2018-01-01The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first bolometric experiment reaching the 1-ton scale. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals arranged in 19 towers. The construction of the experiment and the installation of the detector was completed in August 2016. In this paper, the technical challenges of the construction, the design choices and measured performance of the electronic instrumentation are presented.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4005 Civil Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/74h3084vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt74h3084v/qt74h3084v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/978-981-13-1316-5_38articleSpringer Proceedings in Physics, vol 213202 - 207oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6q23v65z2026-09-17T11:21:21Zqt6q23v65zThe CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments at LNGSAlduino, CAlfonso, KAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBari, GBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, AD’Aguanno, DDafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDompè, VDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHan, KHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHuang, HZKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KEG, YMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SNagorny, SSNapolitano, TNastasi, MNones, CNorman, EBNovati, VNucciotti, ANutini, IO’Donnell, TOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, EReindl, FRosenfeld, CRusconi, CSakai, MSangiorgio, SSantone, DSchmidt, BSchmidt, JScielzo, ND2018-07-01The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first bolometric experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay that has been able to reach the 1-ton scale. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals arranged in a cylindrical compact structure of 19 towers. The construction of the experiment and, in particular, the installation of all towers in the cryostat was completed in August 2016 and commissioning started in fall 2016. The experiment has completed the pre-operation phase and is currently in data taking. We present here the achievements of CUORE during the commissioning phase and the limit on the 130Te half-life for the neutrinoless double beta decay that has been released after the first 3 weeks of collected data. Physics results from CUORE-0 will also be updated.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6q23v65zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6q23v65z/qt6q23v65z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1742-6596/1056/1/012009articleJournal of Physics Conference Series, vol 1056, iss 1012009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3wg749qg2026-09-17T11:21:09Zqt3wg749qgDepth‐Resolved Physicochemical Characteristics of Active Layer and Permafrost Soils in an Arctic Polygonal Tundra RegionWu, YuxinUlrich, CraigKneafsey, TimothyLopez, RobinChou, ChunweiGeller, JilMcKnight, KatieDafflon, BaptisteSoom, FlorianPeterson, JohnHubbard, Susan2018-04-01Abstract Permafrost physicochemical parameters play a key role in controlling the response of permafrost carbon to climate change. We studied the physicochemical parameters of permafrost in an Arctic tundra region to evaluate (1) how soil parameters vary with depth and whether and how they are interrelated, (2) whether and how permafrost soil differs from its overlaying active layer, and (3) whether soil property‐depth relationships are different across geomorphic features (e.g., low, flat, and high centered polygons). We also explored the possible biogeochemical processes that led to these soil characteristics and how they may affect biogeochemical reactions upon permafrost thaw. We observed (1) consistent relationships between soil property and depth and between major parameters, (2) large contrasts of key soil parameters between active layer and permafrost, indicative of potentially different response of the permafrost carbon to warming when compared to the active layer, and (3) a correlation between soil hydraulic conductivity and topographic features that impacts soil hydrologic processes. Our analysis suggests that the permafrost has a marine‐derived chemical signature that differs from the active layer and shapes the physicochemical fingerprints of the different geomorphic features. Specifically, we revealed the unique signatures of the high center polygons, indicative of possible microbial activity at depth (>1 m). Our study suggested consistent key soil parameter‐depth correlations while demonstrating complex lateral and vertical variabilities. These results are valuable for identifying approaches to upscale point‐based measurements and for improving model parameterization to predict permafrost carbon behavior and feedback under future climate.
Key Points Key soil parameters show consistent changes with depth across polygon types with strong interparameter correlations Soil parameters show large contrasts between active layer and permafrost, suggesting differential biogeochemical behaviors Unique biogeochemical signature of high center polygons was revealed, indicative of microbial activity in the permafrost at depth (>1 m)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3706 Geophysics (for-2020)14 Life Below Water (sdg)0404 Geophysics (for)3706 Geophysics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wg749qginfo:doi/10.1002/2018jg004413articleJournal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, vol 123, iss 41366 - 1386oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4x45n82v2026-09-17T11:21:00Zqt4x45n82vParametric emittance measurements of electron beams produced by a laser plasma acceleratorBarber, SKvan Tilborg, JSchroeder, CBLehe, RTsai, H-ESwanson, KKSteinke, SNakamura, KGeddes, CGRBenedetti, CEsarey, ELeemans, WP2018-05-01Laser plasma accelerators (LPA) offer an exciting possibility to deliver high energy, high brightness electrons beams in drastically smaller distance scales than is typical for conventional accelerators. As such, LPAs draw considerable attention as potential drivers for next generation light sources and for a compact linear collider. In order to asses the viability of an LPA source for a particular application, the brightness of the source should be properly characterized. In this paper, we present charge dependent transverse emittance measurements of LPA sources using both ionization injection and shock induced density down ramp injection, with the latter delivering smaller transverse emittances by a factor of two when controlling for charge density. The single shot emittance method is described in detail with a discussion on limitations related to second order transport effects. The direct role of space charge is explored through a series of simulations and found to be consistent with experimental observations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)laser plasma acceleratorhigh brightnessemittancespace chargeionization injectiondown ramp injection0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x45n82vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4x45n82v/qt4x45n82v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6587/aab6cdarticlePlasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol 60, iss 5054015oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4t90v9xr2026-09-17T11:20:56Zqt4t90v9xrStudy of rare nuclear processes with CUOREAlduino, CAlfonso, KAvignone, FTIIIAzzolini, OBari, GBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCope, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD'Addabbo, AD'Aguanno, DDafinei, IDavis, CJDell'Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDompe, VDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreednaan, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHan, KHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHuang, HZKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KEMa, YGMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SNagorny, SSNapolitano, TNastasi, MNones, CNorman, EBNovati, VNucciotti, ANutini, IO'Donne, TOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, EReindl, FRosenfeld, CRusconi, CSakai, MSangiorgio, SSantone, DSchmidt, BSchmidt, JScielzo, ND2018-03-30CUOREdouble beta decaysecond-order weak decayslow-temperature detectorsrare events searchesNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t90v9xrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4t90v9xr/qt4t90v9xr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1142/S0217751X18430029articleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A, vol 33, iss 9oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9mq1d3sw2026-09-17T11:20:48Zqt9mq1d3swDirect measurement of focusing fields in active plasma lensesRöckemann, J-HSchaper, LBarber, SKBobrova, NABoyle, GBulanov, SDelbos, NFloettmann, KKube, GLauth, WLeemans, WPLibov, VMaier, ARMeisel, MMessner, PSasorov, PVSchroeder, CBvan Tilborg, JWesch, SOsterhoff, J2018-12-03Active plasma lenses have the potential to enable broad-ranging applications of plasma-based accelerators owing to their compact design and radially symmetric kT/m-level focusing fields, facilitating beam-quality preservation and compact beam transport. We report on the direct measurement of magnetic field gradients in active plasma lenses and demonstrate their impact on the emittance of a charged particle beam. This is made possible by the use of a well-characterized electron beam with 1.4 mm mrad normalized emittance from a conventional accelerator. Field gradients of up to 823 T/m are investigated. The observed emittance evolution is supported by numerical simulations, which suggests the potential for conservation of the core beam emittance in such a plasma lens setup.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)physics.acc-phphysics.acc-ph02 Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mq1d3swhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9mq1d3sw/qt9mq1d3sw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.21.122801articlePhysical Review Accelerators and Beams, vol 21, iss 12122801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt93c2r1gr2026-09-17T11:20:36Zqt93c2r1grA Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020sAlbrecht, JohannesAlves, Antonio AugustoAmadio, GuilhermeAndronico, GiuseppeAnh-Ky, NguyenAphecetche, LaurentApostolakis, JohnAsai, MakotoAtzori, LucaBabik, MarianBagliesi, GiuseppeBandieramonte, MarilenaBanerjee, SunandaBarisits, MartinBauerdick, Lothar ATBelforte, StefanoBenjamin, DouglasBernius, CatrinBhimji, WahidBianchi, Riccardo MariaBird, IanBiscarat, CatherineBlomer, JakobBloom, KennethBoccali, TommasoBockelman, BrianBold, TomaszBonacorsi, DanieleBoveia, AntonioBozzi, ConcezioBracko, MarkoBritton, DavidBuckley, AndyBuncic, PredragCalafiura, PaoloCampana, SimoneCanal, PhilippeCanali, LucaCarlino, GianpaoloCastro, NunoCattaneo, MarcoCerminara, GianlucaCervantes Villanueva, JavierChang, PhilipChapman, JohnChen, GangChilders, TaylorClarke, PeterClemencic, MarcoCogneras, EricColes, JeremyCollier, IanColling, DavidCorti, GloriaCosmo, GabrieleCostanzo, DavideCouturier, BenCranmer, KyleCranshaw, JackCristella, LeonardoCrooks, DavidCrépé-Renaudin, SabineCurrie, RobertDallmeier-Tiessen, SünjeDe, KaushikDe Cian, MichelDe Roeck, AlbertDelgado Peris, AntonioDerue, FrédéricDi Girolamo, AlessandroDi Guida, SalvatoreDimitrov, GanchoDoglioni, CaterinaDotti, AndreaDuellmann, DirkDuflot, LaurentDykstra, DaveDziedziniewicz-Wojcik, KatarzynaDziurda, AgnieszkaEgede, UlrikElmer, PeterElmsheuser, JohannesElvira, V DanielEulisse, GiulioFarrell, StevenFerber, TorbenFilipcic, AndrejFisk, IanFitzpatrick, ConorFlix, JoséFormica, AndreaForti, AlessandraFranzoni, GiovanniFrost, JamesFuess, StuGaede, FrankGanis, GerardoGardner, RobertGaronne, VincentGellrich, Andreas2019-12-01Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)4612 Software Engineering (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)physics.comp-phphysics.comp-phhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/93c2r1grhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt93c2r1gr/qt93c2r1gr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s41781-018-0018-8articleEPJ Research Infrastructures, vol 3, iss 17oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2pm335nm2026-09-17T11:20:31Zqt2pm335nmSearch for neutrinoless β+EC decay of Te120 with CUORE-0Alduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBari, GBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiassoni, MBranca, ABrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD'Addabbo, AD'Aguanno, DDafinei, IDavis, CJDell'Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHan, KHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHuang, HZKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KEG., YMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNagorny, SSNapolitano, TNastasi, MNones, CNorman, EBNovati, VNucciotti, AO'Donnell, TOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, CRusconi, CSakai, MSangiorgio, SSantone, DSchmidt, BSchmidt, JScielzo, NDSingh, V2018-05-01We have performed a search for neutrinoless β+EC decay of Te120 using the final CUORE-0 data release. We describe a new analysis method for the simultaneous fit of signatures with different event topology, and of data subsets with different signal efficiency, obtaining a limit on the half-life of the decay of T1/2>1.6×1021 yr at 90% credibility interval (CI). Combining this with results from Cuoricino, a predecessor experiment, we obtain the strongest limit to date, corresponding to T1/2>2.7×1021 yr at 90% CI.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pm335nmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2pm335nm/qt2pm335nm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.97.055502articlePhysical Review C, vol 97, iss 5055502oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2nm9n3jm2026-09-17T11:20:20Zqt2nm9n3jmUPC++ Specification v1.0, Draft 4Bachan, JBaden, SBonachea, DHargrove, PHofmeyr, SIbrahim, KJacquelin, MKamil, ALelbach, Bvan Straalen, B2017-09-27This document has been superseded by:
UPC++ Specification v1.0, Draft 6 (LBNL-2001135)
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82094433
UPC++ is a C++11 library providing classes and functions that support Asynchronous Partitioned Global Address Space (APGAS) programming. We are revising the library under the auspices of the DOE’s Exascale Computing Project, to meet the needs of applications requiring PGAS support. UPC++ is intended for implementing elaborate distributed data structures where communication is irregular or fine-grained. The UPC++ interfaces for moving non-contiguous data and handling memories with different optimal access methods are composable and similar to those used in conventional C++. The
UPC++ programmer can expect communication to run at close to hardware speeds.
The key facilities in UPC++ are global pointers, that enable the programmer to express ownership information for improving locality, one-sided communication, both put/get and RPC, futures and continuations. Futures capture data readiness state, which is useful in making scheduling decisions, and continuations provide for completion handling via callbacks. Together, these enable the programmer to chain together a DAG of operations to execute asynchronously as high-latency dependencies become satisfied.Exascale ComputingLibrary specificationparallel distributed programmingPGASscientific computingUPC++application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nm9n3jmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2nm9n3jm/qt2nm9n3jm.pdfinfo:doi/10.2172/1398521articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0nq2k8sx2026-09-17T11:20:15Zqt0nq2k8sxUPC++ Programmer’s Guide, v1.0-2017.9Bachan, JBaden, SBonachea, DHargrove, PHofmeyr, SIbrahim, KJacquelin, MKamil, Avan Straalen, B2017-09-29This document has been superseded by:
UPC++ Programmer’s Guide, v1.0-2018.3.0 (LBNL-2001136)
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10g5t8jr
UPC++ is a C++11 library that provides Asynchronous Partitioned Global Address Space (APGAS) programming. It is designed for writing parallel programs that run efficiently and scale well on distributed-memory parallel computers. The APGAS model is single program, multiple-data (SPMD), with each separate thread of execution (referred to as a rank, a term borrowed from MPI) having access to local memory as it would in C++. However, APGAS also provides access to a global address space, which is allocated in shared segments that are distributed over the ranks. UPC++ provides numerous methods for accessing and using global memory. In UPC++, all operations that access remote memory are explicit, which encourages programmers to be aware of the cost of communication and data movement. Moreover, all remote-memory access operations are by default asynchronous, to enable programmers to write code that scales well even on hundreds of thousands of cores.Exascale ComputingGASNetLibrary Programmer's Guideparallel distributed programmingPGASscientific computingUPC++application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nq2k8sxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0nq2k8sx/qt0nq2k8sx.pdfinfo:doi/10.2172/1398522articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7gh5m2rd2026-09-17T11:20:10Zqt7gh5m2rdGalactosFriesen, BrianPatwary, Mostofa AliAustin, BrianSatish, NadathurSlepian, ZacharySundaram, NarayananBard, DeborahEisenstein, Daniel JDeslippe, JackDubey, PradeepPrabhatMohr, BerndRaghavan, Padma2017-11-12The nature of dark energy and the complete theory of gravity are two central questions currently facing cosmology. A vital tool for addressing them is the 3-point correlation function (3PCF), which probes deviations from a spatially random distribution of galaxies. However, the 3PCF's formidable computational expense has prevented its application to astronomical surveys comprising millions to billions of galaxies. We present Galactos, a high-performance implementation of a novel, O(N2) algorithm that uses a load-balanced k-d tree and spherical harmonic expansions to compute the anisotropic 3PCF. Our implementation is optimized for the Intel Xeon Phi architecture, exploiting SIMD parallelism, instruction and thread concurrency, and significant L1 and L2 cache reuse, reaching 39% of peak performance on a single node. Galactos scales to the full Cori system, achieving 9.8 PF (peak) and 5.06 PF (sustained) across 9636 nodes, making the 3PCF easily computable for all galaxies in the observable universe.33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)3301 Architecture (for-2020)astro-ph.COastro-ph.COcs.CEcs.PFapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gh5m2rdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7gh5m2rd/qt7gh5m2rd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1145/3126908.3126927articleSC'17: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS, vol 2017-November1 - 11oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8500134v2026-09-17T11:20:05Zqt8500134vImpact of tool design on defect detection sensitivity in extreme ultraviolet actinic blank inspectionWang, Yow-GwoNeureuther, Andrew RNaulleau, Patrick P2017-05-16We discuss the impact of various tool design perspectives on defect detection sensitivity for dark-field-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) actinic blank inspection. We consider the impact of pixel size, EUV source type, and photon collection efficiency on critical defect signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance. The results show that as the pixel size approaches the target defect image size, defect SNR increases, and that pixel size also determines the dominant noise source in the inspection system. Moreover, the choice of the EUV source affects the optimal numerical aperture (NA) and illumination settings. For plasma-discharged sources, more photons provided by larger partial coherent illumination can improve the defect SNR, while coherent illumination is needed to get a higher defect SNR for synchrotron-based source. In the end, we show that simply increasing the photon collection efficiency by using high-NA optics or increasing the source power cannot always improve the defect SNR. In a speckle-noise dominated situation, larger outer NA includes more noise than defect signal, thus resulting in a lower SNR. The impact of source power also saturates at a certain level as the system becomes speckle-noise limited compared to photon-noise limited.4006 Communications Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographyEUV actinic blank inspectioncompact synchrotrondischarge-produced plasmaoptical designsignal-to-noise ratio0205 Optical Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)4009 Electronicssensors and digital hardware (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8500134vinfo:doi/10.1117/1.jmm.16.2.023502multimediaJournal of Micro/Nanopatterning Materials and Metrology, vol 16, iss 2023502 - 023502oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3301n6g52026-09-17T11:19:58Zqt3301n6g5Production of Σ(1385)± and Ξ(1530)0 in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVAdamová, DAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhn, SUAiola, SAkindinov, AAlam, SNAlbuquerque, DSDAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlexandre, DAlfaro Molina, RAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltinpinar, SAltsybeev, IAlves Garcia Prado, CAn, MAndrei, CAndrews, HAAndronic, AAnguelov, VAnson, CAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAnwar, RAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArnold, OWArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartke, JBartsch, EBasile, MBastid, NBasu, SBathen, BBatigne, GBatista Camejo, ABatyunya, BBatzing, PCBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhasin, ABhat, IRBhati, AKBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, LBianchi, NBianchin, CBielčík, JBielčíková, JBilandzic, A2017-06-01The transverse momentum distributions of the strange and double-strange hyperon resonances (Σ(1385)±$$\Sigma (1385)^{\pm }$$, Ξ(1530)0$$\Xi (1530)^{0}$$) produced in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}= 5.02$$ TeV were measured in the rapidity range -0.55106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ALICE Collaboration0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3301n6g5https://escholarship.org/content/qt3301n6g5/qt3301n6g5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4943-1articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 6389oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt92f197492026-09-17T11:17:07Zqt92f19749LBNL Open Power DataPeisert, SGentz, RBoverhof, JMcParland, CEngle, SElbashandy, AGunter, D2017-05-31The dataset stored at https://powerdata-explore.lbl.gov is a set of power measure- ments and annotations, and an interface for exploring and downloading that data. The power measurements are collected by micro-phasor measurement units (μPMUs) [Powa, VMCMA14] and PQube3 power quality meters [Powb] manufactured by Power Standards Laboratory in Alameda, CA and located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, as well as other sites. This white paper describes the datasets, how to view and download the data and associated metadata.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/92f19749https://escholarship.org/content/qt92f19749/qt92f19749.pdfinfo:doi/10.21990/C21599articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2d23t7n12026-09-17T11:17:07Zqt2d23t7n1Comparative protein engineering redirects the specificity of Clostridium botulinum proteasesGarrido, Jason ESalcedo, Gabriela SStrul, Max WAshby, Shareen NPamidi, Arjun SCho, JaehoWaldvogel, Katherine GWiriadinata, Elizabeth LNedic, TeodoraKaewtatip, NatnichaKato, HonokaChan, MayaDyer, Rebekah PWeiss, Gregory A2026-08-01Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and E (BoNT/A and BoNT/E) cleave SNAP25 and are widely used in therapeutic applications. Redirecting the substrate specificity of their protease domains, LC/A and LC/E, could expand their utility to new therapeutic targets. Here, we report a comparative protein engineering strategy that integrates prior mutagenesis, bioinformatics, and structural insights to reprogram LC protease specificity. Directed evolution yielded a 14-mutation LC/A variant with 273-fold greater specificity for SNAP23 than a previously reported engineered protease. Insights from LC/A engineering then guided six rounds of directed evolution to generate an 8-mutation LC/E variant with a 26,000-fold increase in SNAP29 cleavage and no detectable activity toward SNAP25. Importantly, both engineered proteases retain their altered substrate preferences under physiologically relevant substrate and salt concentrations. Together, these findings establish comparative protein engineering as an effective framework for retargeting botulinum neurotoxin proteases.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Orphan Drug (rcdc)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Biodefense (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Botulinum neurotoxindirected evolutionenzyme specificityproteasesprotein engineeringretargeting enzymessubstrate walkingCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d23t7n1info:doi/10.1016/j.chembiol.2026.08.003articleCell Chemical BiologyS2451-9456(26)00290-4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69d898j52026-09-17T11:17:03Zqt69d898j5Impact of noise sources and optical design on defect detection sensitivity in extreme ultraviolet actinic pattern inspection toolWang, Yow-GwoNeureuther, Andrew RNaulleau, Patrick P2017-03-16We discuss the impact of various noise sources and the optical design in bright field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) actinic inspection of mask features for defects in the patterned absorber. It is shown that an optimum pixel size is needed to maximize the defect signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to balance the trade-off in increasing signal strength with shot noise from defect signal and the background pattern intensity (mask layout image) and speckle noise from the mask blank roughness. Moreover, we consider defocus showing that the EUV mask phase effect has an asymmetric impact on pattern defect SNR’s through-focus behavior. The impact of defocus limits inspection performance based on defect SNR. Using critical defect sizes in a case study, we show the defect SNR performance of the limiting case and discuss the possibility of utilizing a nominal defocus in the inspection system to leverage the phase effect of EUV mask absorber to improve the defect SNR. A 50% improvement in defect SNR is shown to be possible by introducing a −50 nm nominal defocus into the bright field inspection system.40 Engineering (for-2020)4009 ElectronicsSensors and Digital Hardware (for-2020)extreme ultraviolet actinic pattern inspectionextreme ultraviolet mask pattern defectextreme ultraviolet lithographyoptical designsignal-to-noise ratio0205 Optical Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)4009 Electronicssensors and digital hardware (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69d898j5info:doi/10.1117/1.jmm.16.1.013504multimediaJournal of Micro/Nanopatterning Materials and Metrology, vol 16, iss 1013504 - 013504oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6wz017712026-09-17T11:16:48Zqt6wz01771Planck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MArroja, FAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurch, SClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CContreras, DCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli⋆, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGauthier, CGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHamann, JHandley, WHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, A2016-10-01We present the implications for cosmic inflation of the Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in both temperature and polarization based on the full Planck survey, which includes more than twice the integration time of the nominal survey used for the 2013 release papers. The Planck full mission temperature data and a first release of polarization data on large angular scales measure the spectral index of curvature perturbations to be ns = 0.968 ± 0.006 and tightly constrain its scale dependence to dns/ dlnk = −0.003 ± 0.007 when combined with the Planck lensing likelihood. When the Planck high-ℓ polarization data are included, the results are consistent and uncertainties are further reduced. The upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio is r0.002< 0.11 (95% CL). This upper limit is consistent with the B-mode polarization constraint r< 0.12 (95% CL) obtained from a joint analysis of the BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck data. These results imply that V(φ) ∝ φ2 and natural inflation are now disfavoured compared to models predicting a smaller tensor-to-scalar ratio, such as R2 inflation. We search for several physically motivated deviations from a simple power-law spectrum of curvature perturbations, including those motivated by a reconstruction of the inflaton potential not relying on the slow-roll approximation. We find that such models are not preferred, either according to a Bayesian model comparison or according to a frequentist simulation-based analysis. Three independent methods reconstructing the primordial power spectrum consistently recover a featureless and smooth ?ℛ(k) over the range of scales 0.008 Mpc-1 ≲ k ≲ 0.1 Mpc-1. At large scales, each method finds deviations from a power law, connected to a deficit at multipoles ℓ ≈ 20−40 in the temperature power spectrum, but at an uncompelling statistical significance owing to the large cosmic variance present at these multipoles. By combining power spectrum and non-Gaussianity bounds, we constrain models with generalized Lagrangians, including Galileon models and axion monodromy models. The Planck data are consistent with adiabatic primordial perturbations, and the estimated values for the parameters of the base Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model are not significantly altered when more general initial conditions are admitted. In correlated mixed adiabatic and isocurvature models, the 95% CL upper bound for the non-adiabatic contribution to the observed CMB temperature variance is | αnon - adi | < 1.9%, 4.0%, and 2.9% for CDM, neutrino density, and neutrino velocity isocurvature modes, respectively. We have tested inflationary models producing an anisotropic modulation of the primordial curvature power spectrum findingthat the dipolar modulation in the CMB temperature field induced by a CDM isocurvature perturbation is not preferred at a statistically significant level. We also establish tight constraints on a possible quadrupolar modulation of the curvature perturbation. These results are consistent with the Planck 2013 analysis based on the nominal mission data and further constrain slow-roll single-field inflationary models, as expected from the increased precision of Planck data using the full set of observations.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmology: theoryearly Universeinflationastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wz01771https://escholarship.org/content/qt6wz01771/qt6wz01771.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525898articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a20oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt76m7h18n2026-09-17T11:16:15Zqt76m7h18nMeasurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life of 130Te with the CUORE-0 experimentAlduino, CAlfonso, KArtusa, DRAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBanks, TIBari, GBeeman, JWBellini, FBersani, ABiassoni, MBrofferio, CBucci, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCappelli, LCarbone, LCardani, LCarniti, PCasali, NCassina, LChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, ADafinei, IDavis, CJDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDrobizhev, AFang, DQFaverzani, MFeintzeig, JFernandes, GFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGorla, PGotti, CGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZKadel, RKeppel, GKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KELiu, XMa, YGMaino, MMarini, LMartinez, MMaruyama, RHMei, YMoggi, NMorganti, SMosteiro, PJNapolitano, TNones, CNorman, EBNucciotti, AO’Donnell, TOrio, FOuellet, JLPagliarone, CEPallavicini, MPalmieri, VPattavina, LPavan, MPessina, GPettinacci, VPiperno, GPira, CPirro, SPozzi, SPrevitali, ERosenfeld, C2017-01-01We report on the measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life of 130$$^{130}$$Te with the CUORE-0 detector. From an exposure of 33.4 kg year of TeO2$$_2$$, the half-life is determined to be T1/22ν$$T_{1/2}^{2
u }$$ = [8.2 ± 0.2 (stat.) ± 0.6 (syst.)] ×$$\times $$ 1020$$^{20}$$ year. This result is obtained after a detailed reconstruction of the sources responsible for the CUORE-0 counting rate, with a specific study of those contributing to the 130$$^{130}$$Te neutrinoless double-beta decay region of interest.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/76m7h18nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt76m7h18n/qt76m7h18n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4498-6articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 113oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5681774p2026-09-17T11:16:10Zqt5681774pA New Measurement of the Partial 0+->0+ Half Life of 10C with GAMMASPHEREFujikawa, BKAsztalos, SJClark, RMDeleplanque-Stephens, M-AFallon, PFreedman, SJLee, I-YLising, LJMacchiavelli, AOMacLeod, RWReich, JCRowe, MAShang, S-QStephens, FSWasserman, EGGreene, JP1998-05-29We report on a new measurement of the strength of the superallowed 0+->0+
transition in the beta-decay of 10C: 10C(0+,g.s.)->10B(0+,1.74MeV)+e+nu. The
experiment was done at the LBNL 88-inch cyclotron using forty seven GAMMASPHERE
germanium detectors. Precise knowledge of this branching ratio is necessary to
compute the superallowed Fermi ft, which gives the weak vector coupling
constant and the u to d element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa quark mixing
matrix.nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5681774phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5681774p/qt5681774p.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1sp850302026-09-17T11:16:01Zqt1sp85030Dimensional Changes of Nb3Sn Rutherford Cables During Heat TreatmentRochepault, EFerracin, PAmbrosio, GAnerella, MBallarino, ABonasia, ABordini, BCheng, DDietderich, DRFelice, HFajardo, L GarciaGhosh, AHolik, EFBermudez, S IzquierdoPerez, JCPong, ISchmalzle, JYu, M2016-06-01In high field magnet applications, Nb3Sn coils undergo a heat treatment step after winding. During this stage, coils radially expand and longitudinally contract due to the Nb3Sn phase change. In order to prevent residual strain from altering superconducting performances, the tooling must provide the adequate space for these dimensional changes. The aim of this paper is to understand the behavior of cable dimensions during heat treatment and to provide estimates of the space to be accommodated in the tooling for coil expansion and contraction. This paper summarizes measurements of dimensional changes on strands, single Rutherford cables, cable stacks, and coils performed between 2013 and 2015. These samples and coils have been performed within a collaboration between CERN and the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program to develop Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets for the HiLumi LHC. The results are also compared with other high field magnet projects.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Conductor dimensionsheat treatmentNb3Sn conductorsRutherford cables0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sp85030https://escholarship.org/content/qt1sp85030/qt1sp85030.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2016.2539156articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 26, iss 41 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt15c598gh2026-09-17T11:15:47Zqt15c598ghHolding Internet Service Providers AccountableLichtman, DouglasPosner, Eric A2004-01-01Internet service providers are today largely immune from liability for their role in the creation and propagation of worms, viruses, and other forms of malicious computer code. In this Essay, we question that state of affairs. Our purpose is not to weigh in on the details - for example, whether liability should sound in negligence or strict liability, or whether liability is in this instance best implemented by statute or via gradual common law development. Rather, our aim is to challenge the recent trend in the courts and Congress away from liability and toward complete immunity for Internet service providers. In our view, such immunity is difficult to defend on policy grounds, and sharply inconsistent with conventional tort law principles. Internet service providers control the gateway through which Internet pests enter and reenter the public computer system. They should therefore bear some responsibility for stopping these pests before they spread and for helping to identify individuals who originate malicious code in the first place.Tort lawviruswormInternetstrict liabilitynegligencecyberspaceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/15c598ghhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt15c598gh/qt15c598gh.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6599t42c2026-09-17T11:15:21Zqt6599t42cTECA: Petascale Pattern Recognition for Climate SciencePrabhatByna, SurendraVishwanath, VenkatramDart, EliWehner, MichaelCollins, William DAzzopardi, GeorgePetkov, Nicolai2015-01-01Climate Change is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Climate simulations provide us with a unique opportunity to examine effects of anthropogenic emissions. High-resolution climate simulations produce “Big Data”: contemporary climate archives are $$\approx 5PB$$ in size and we expect future archives to measure on the order of Exa-Bytes. In this work, we present the successful application of TECA (Toolkit for Extreme Climate Analysis) framework, for extracting extreme weather patterns such as Tropical Cyclones, Atmospheric Rivers and Extra-Tropical Cyclones from TB-sized simulation datasets. TECA has been run at full-scale on Cray XE6 and IBM BG/Q systems, and has reduced the runtime for pattern detection tasks from years to hours. TECA has been utilized to evaluate the performance of various computational models in reproducing the statistics of extreme weather events, and for characterizing the change in frequency of storm systems in the future.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)Climate Change (rcdc)Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions (rcdc)13 Climate Action (sdg)Pattern detectionClimate scienceHigh performance computingParallel I/OData miningPetascaleArtificial Intelligence & Image Processing (science-metrix)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6599t42chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6599t42c/qt6599t42c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/978-3-319-23117-4_37articleLecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 9257426 - 436oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7z76d17m2026-09-17T11:12:10Zqt7z76d17mCharacterization of Chromium Bioremediation Products in Flow‐Through Column Sediments Using Micro–X‐ray Fluorescence and X‐ray Absorption SpectroscopyVaradharajan, CharulekaHan, RuyangBeller, Harry RYang, LiMarcus, Matthew AMichel, MarcNico, Peter S2015-05-01Microbially mediated reductive immobilization of chromium is a possible remediation technique for sites contaminated with Cr(VI). This study is part of a broader effort investigating the biogeochemical mechanisms for Cr(VI) reduction in Hanford 100H aquifer sediments using flow-through laboratory columns. It had previously been shown that reduced chromium in the solid phase was in the form of freshly precipitated mixed-phase Cr(III)-Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, irrespective of the biogeochemical conditions in the columns. In this study, the reduced Cr phases in the columns were investigated further using spectroscopy to understand the structure and mechanisms involved in the formation of the end products. Several samples representing potential processes that could be occurring in the columns were synthesized in the laboratory and characterized using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and X-ray scattering. The XANES of Cr(III) particles in the columns most closely resembled those from synthetic samples produced by the abiotic reaction of Cr(VI) with microbially reduced Fe(II). Microbially mediated Cr-Fe reduction products were distinct from abiotic Cr-Fe (hydr)oxides [CrFe(OH)] and organically complexed Cr(III) sorbed onto the surface of a mixed ferrihydrite-goethite mineral phase. Furthermore, analyses of the abiotically synthesized samples revealed that even the end products of purely abiotic, iron-mediated reduction of Cr(VI) are affected by factors such as the presence of excess aqueous Fe(II) and cellular matter. These results suggest that CrFe(OH) phases made under realistic subsurface conditions or in biotic cultures are structurally different from pure Cr(OH) or laboratory-synthesized CrFe(OH). The observed structural differences imply that the reactivity and stability of biogenic CrFe(OH) could potentially be different from that of abiotic CrFe(OH).37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)Lung (rcdc)14 Life Below Water (sdg)04 Earth Sciences (for)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Agronomy & Agriculture (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z76d17mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7z76d17m/qt7z76d17m.pdfinfo:doi/10.2134/jeq2014.08.0329articleJournal of Environmental Quality, vol 44, iss 3729 - 738oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0212547c2026-09-17T11:11:37Zqt0212547cHadronic resonance production in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV measured at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAbelev, BIAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAnderson, BDArkhipkin, DAverichev, GSBai, YBalewski, JBarannikova, OBarnby, LSBaudot, JBaumgart, SBeavis, DRBellwied, RBenedosso, FBetts, RRBhardwaj, SBhasin, ABhati, AKBichsel, HBielcik, JBielcikova, JBiritz, BBland, LCBombara, MBonner, BEBotje, MBouchet, JBraidot, EBrandin, AVBrunaBueltmann, SBurton, TPBystersky, MCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCallner, JCatu, OCebra, DCendejas, RCervantes, MCChajecki, ZChaloupka, PChattopdhyay, SChen, HFChen, JHChen, JYCheng, JCherney, MChikanian, AChoi, KEChristie, WChung, SUClarke, RFCodrington, MJMCoffin, JPCormier, TMCosentino, MRCramer, JGCrawford, HJDas, DDash, SDaugherity, MDe Silva, CDedovich, TGDePhillips, MDerevschikov, AAde Souza, R DerradiDidenko, LDjawotho, PDogra, SMDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, FDunlop, JCMazumdar, MR DuttaEdwards, WREfimov, LGElhalhuli, EElnimr, MEmelianov, VEngelage, JEppley, GErazmus, BEstienne, MEun, LFachini, PFatemi, RFedorisin, JFeng, AFilip, PFinch, EFine, VFisyak, YGagliardi, CAGaillard, LGangaharan, DRGanti, MS2008-10-01We present the first measurements of the ρ(770)0,K*(892),Δ(1232)++,Σ(1385), and Λ(1520) resonances in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV, reconstructed via their hadronic decay channels using the STAR detector (the solenoidal tracker at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider). The masses and widths of these resonances are studied as a function of transverse momentum pT. We observe that the resonance spectra follow a generalized scaling law with the transverse mass mT. The 〈pT〉 of resonances in minimum bias collisions are compared with the 〈pT〉 of π,K, and p¯. The ρ0/π-,K*/K-,Δ++/p,Σ(1385)/Λ, and Λ(1520)/Λ ratios in d+Au collisions are compared with the measurements in minimum bias p+p interactions, where we observe that both measurements are comparable. The nuclear modification factors (RdAu) of the ρ0,K*, and Σ* scale with the number of binary collisions (Nbin) for pT> 1.2 GeV/c.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0212547chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0212547c/qt0212547c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.78.044906articlePhysical Review C, vol 78, iss 4044906oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3zf380j62026-09-17T11:11:30Zqt3zf380j6Neutral kaon interferometry in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAbelev, BIAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAmonett, JAnderson, BDAnderson, MArkhipkin, DAverichev, GSBai, YBalewski, JBarannikova, OBarnby, LSBaudot, JBekele, SBelaga, VVBellingeri-Laurikainen, ABellwied, RBenedosso, FBhardwaj, SBhasin, ABhati, AKBichsel, HBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBlyth, S-LBonner, BEBotje, MBouchet, JBrandin, AVBravar, ABurton, TPBystersky, MCadman, RVCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCastillo, JCatu, OCebra, DChajecki, ZChaloupka, PChattopadhyay, SChen, HFChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChikanian, AChristie, WCoffin, JPCormier, TMCosentino, MRCramer, JGCrawford, HJDas, DDas, SDash, SDaugherity, Mde Moura, MMDedovich, TGDePhillips, MDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDietel, TDjawotho, PDogra, SMDong, WJDong, XDraper, JEDu, FDunin, VBDunlop, JCMazumdar, MR DuttaEckardt, VEdwards, WREfimov, LGEmelianov, VEngelage, JEppley, GErazmus, BEstienne, MFachini, PFatemi, RFedorisin, JFilimonov, KFilip, PFinch, EFine, VFisyak, YFu, JGagliardi, CAGaillard, LGanti, MSGhazikhanian, VGhosh, PGonzalez, JEGorbunov, YGGos, HGrebenyuk, OGrosnick, D2006-11-01We present the first statistically meaningful results from two-Ks0 interferometry in heavy-ion collisions at sNN=200 GeV. A model that takes the effect of the strong interaction into account has been used to fit the measured correlation function. The effects of single and coupled channels were explored. At the mean transverse mass 〈mT〉=1.07 GeV, we obtain the values R=4.09±0.46(stat)±0.31(sys) fm and λ=0.92±0.23(stat)±0.13(sys), where R and λ are the invariant radius and chaoticity parameters, respectively. The results are qualitatively consistent with mT systematics established with pions in a scenario characterized by a strong collective flow.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zf380j6https://escholarship.org/content/qt3zf380j6/qt3zf380j6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.74.054902articlePhysical Review C, vol 74, iss 5054902oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7x35r02g2026-09-17T11:11:11Zqt7x35r02gWarming and snow loss increase reliance on old groundwater in a Colorado River headwaterSiirila-Woodburn, Erica RThiros, NicholasNewcomer, MichelleRudisill, WilliamDennedy-Frank, P JamesFeldman, DanielSprenger, MatthiasCarroll, Rosemary WHWilliams, Kenneth HBrodie, Eoin2026-05-01Atmospheric warming is reducing snowpack, with uncertain effects on mountainous streamflow, a crucial water resource. Despite limited historical observations of groundwater–streamflow interactions above 2,500 m, new measurements in the Upper Colorado River headwaters indicate declining groundwater storage that is dated decades to millennia old. Here we use integrated hydrologic modelling spanning water years 2015–2021 to determine whether the loss of old-age groundwater buffers streamflow during low-snow years and whether that loss is exacerbated with warming. Results show that old-groundwater contributions to streams remain relatively steady through time, unlike the more variable contributions from young groundwater. Numerical experiments of increased surface air temperatures (+2.5 °C and +4 °C) increase rain–snow fractions and evapotranspiration and decrease runoff ratio by 2–3% per degree Celsius increase. As streamflow declines with warming, the age of groundwater supporting it gets older, in part owing to intermediate-aged (1–3 year) groundwater declining twice as fast. Simulations show that water table depths at higher elevations (>3,700 m) decline disproportionately and fail to recover even during wet years. These findings suggest altered groundwater–streamflow interactions with warming and snow loss, with implications for water resources.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7x35r02ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7x35r02g/qt7x35r02g.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41561-026-01945-yarticleNature Geoscience, vol 19, iss 5549 - 555oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt97r4547s2026-09-17T11:11:07Zqt97r4547sA Community Effort Toward a Particle Accelerator Lattice Standard (PALS),Mitchell, ChadVay, Jean-LucZoni, EHuebl, AxelQiang, JiSagan, David2026-02-24application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/97r4547shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt97r4547s/qt97r4547s.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8gg3z5b32026-09-17T11:11:01Zqt8gg3z5b3DESI 2024 V: Full-Shape galaxy clustering from galaxies and quasarsAdame, AGAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlexander, DMAlvarez, MAlves, OAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAvila, SAviles, AAwan, HBailey, SBaltay, CBault, ABehera, JBenZvi, SBeutler, FBianchi, DBlake, CBlum, RBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCereskaite, RCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChen, SChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDey, ADey, BDing, ZDoel, PEdelstein, JEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJElliott, AFagrelius, PFanning, KFerraro, SEreza, JFindlay, NFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Sánchez, DForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGarrison, LHGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGonzalez-Perez, VGordon, CGreen, DGruen, DGsponer, RGutierrez, GGuy, JHadzhiyska, BHahn, CHanif, MMSHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIršič, VIshak, MJuneau, SKaraçaylı, NGKehoe, RKent, SKirkby, DKong, HKoposov, SEKremin, AKrolewski, ALai, YLan, T-WLandriau, MLang, DLasker, JLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, L2025-09-01We present the measurements and cosmological implications of the galaxy two-point clustering using over 4.7 million unique galaxy and quasar redshifts in the range 0.1 < z < 2.1 divided into six redshift bins over a ∼ 7,500 square degree footprint, from the first year of observations with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI Data Release 1). By fitting the full power spectrum, we extend previous DESI DR1 baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements to include redshift-space distortions and signals from the matter-radiation equality scale. For the first time, this Full-Shape analysis is blinded at the catalogue-level to avoid confirmation bias and the systematic errors are accounted for at the two-point clustering level, which automatically propagates them into any cosmological parameter. When analysing the data in terms of compressed model-agnostic variables, we obtain a combined precision of 4.7% on the amplitude of the redshift space distortion (RSD) signal reaching a similar precision with just one year of DESI data than with twenty years of observation from the previous generation survey. We also analyse the data to directly constrain the cosmological parameters within the ΛCDM model using perturbation theory and combine this information with the reconstructed DESI DR1 galaxy BAO. Using a Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Gaussian prior on the baryon density parameter, ωb , and a weak Gaussian prior on the spectral index, ns , we constrain the matter density is Ω m = 0.296±0.010 and the Hubble constant H 0 = (68.63 ± 0.79)[km s-1Mpc-1]. Additionally, we measure the amplitude of clustering σ 8 = 0.841±0.034. The DESI DR1 galaxy clustering results are in agreement with the ΛCDM model based on general relativity with parameters consistent with those from Planck. The cosmological interpretation of these results in combination with DESI DR1 Ly-α forest data and external datasets are presented in the companion paper [1].5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gg3z5b3https://escholarship.org/content/qt8gg3z5b3/qt8gg3z5b3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/09/008articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 09008oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1j76z8rp2026-09-17T11:10:16Zqt1j76z8rpDESI DR2 results. I. Baryon acoustic oscillations from the Lyman alpha forestKarim, M AbdulAguilar, JAhlen, SPrieto, C AllendeAlves, OAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAviles, ABailey, SBault, ABehera, JBenZvi, SBianchi, DBlake, CBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCarrilho, PCasas, LCastander, FJCereskaite, RCharles, MChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChebat, DClaybaugh, TCole, SCooper, APCuceu, ADawson, KSde Belsunce, Rde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDella Costa, JDey, ADey, BDing, ZDoel, PEdelstein, JEisenstein, DJElbers, WFagrelius, PFanning, KFerraro, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGarrison, LHGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGordon, CGreen, DGutierrez, GGuy, JHahn, CHerbold, MHerrera-Alcantar, HKHo, MHo, M-FHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIshak, MJuneau, SKaraçayl?, NGKehoe, RKent, SKirkby, DKisner, TKitaura, F-SKoposov, SEKremin, ALahav, OLamman, CLandriau, MLang, DLasker, JLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, LLeauthaud, ALevi, MELi, QLi, TSLodha, KLokken, MMagneville, CManera, MMartini, PMatthewson, WLMcDonald, PMeisner, AMena-Fernández, J2025-10-15We present the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements with the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest from the second data release (DR2) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. Our BAO measurements include both the autocorrelation of the Lyα forest absorption observed in the spectra of high-redshift quasars and the cross-correlation of the absorption with the quasar positions. The total sample size is approximately a factor of 2 larger than the DR1 dataset, with forest measurements in over 820,000 quasar spectra and the positions of over 1.2 million quasars. We describe several significant improvements to our analysis in this paper, and two supporting papers describe improvements to the synthetic datasets that we use for validation and how we identify damped Lyα absorbers. Our main result is that we have measured the BAO scale with a statistical precision of 1.1% along and 1.3% transverse to the line of sight, for a combined precision of 0.65% on the isotropic BAO scale at zeff=2.33. This excellent precision, combined with recent theoretical studies of the BAO shift due to nonlinear growth, motivated us to include a systematic error term in Lyα BAO analysis for the first time. We measure the ratios DH(zeff)/rd=8.632±0.098±0.026 and DM(zeff)/rd=38.99±0.52±0.12, where DH=c/H(z) is the Hubble distance, DM is the transverse comoving distance, rd is the sound horizon at the drag epoch, and we quote both the statistical and the theoretical systematic uncertainty. The companion paper presents the BAO measurements at lower redshifts from the same dataset and the cosmological interpretation.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1j76z8rpinfo:doi/10.1103/2wwn-xjm5articlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 8083514oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt67f7s5bk2026-09-17T11:10:10Zqt67f7s5bkDESI 2024 II: sample definitions, characteristics, and two-point clustering statisticsAdame, AGAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlexander, DMAlvarez, MAlves, OAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAvila, SAviles, AAwan, HBailey, SBaltay, CBault, ABehera, JBenZvi, SBeutler, FBianchi, DBlake, CBlum, RBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBrown, ZBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCereskaite, RCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChen, SChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDemina, RDey, ADey, BDing, ZDoel, PEdelstein, JEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJElliott, AFagrelius, PFanning, KFerraro, SEreza, JFindlay, NFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Sánchez, DForero-Romero, JEFrenk, CSGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGonzalez-Perez, VGordon, CGreen, DGruen, DGsponer, RGutierrez, GGuy, JHadzhiyska, BHahn, CHanif, MMSHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHou, JHowlett, CHuterer, DIršič, VIshak, MJuneau, SKaraçaylı, NGKehoe, RKent, SKirkby, DKitaura, F-SKong, HKremin, AKrolewski, ALai, YLan, T-WLandriau, MLang, D2025-07-01We present the samples of galaxies and quasars used for DESI 2024 cosmological analyses, drawn from the DESI Data Release 1 (DR1). We describe the construction of large-scale structure (LSS) catalogs from these samples, which include matched sets of synthetic reference `randoms' and weights that account for variations in the observed density of the samples due to experimental design and varying instrument performance. We detail how we correct for variations in observational completeness, the input `target' densities due to imaging systematics, and the ability to confidently measure redshifts from DESI spectra. We then summarize how remaining uncertainties in the corrections can be translated to systematic uncertainties for particular analyses. We describe the weights added to maximize the signal-to-noise of DESI DR1 2-point clustering measurements. We detail measurement pipelines applied to the LSS catalogs that obtain 2-point clustering measurements in configuration and Fourier space. The resulting 2-point measurements depend on window functions and normalization constraints particular to each sample, and we present the corrections required to match models to the data. We compare the configuration- and Fourier-space 2-point clustering of the data samples to that recovered from simulations of DESI DR1 and find they are, generally, in statistical agreement to within 2% in the inferred real-space over-density field. The LSS catalogs, 2-point measurements, and their covariance matrices will be released publicly with DESI DR1.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)cosmological parameters from LSSgalaxy clusteringpower spectrumredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/67f7s5bkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt67f7s5bk/qt67f7s5bk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/07/017articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 07017oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8465g5b12026-09-17T11:09:50Zqt8465g5b1Matched Guiding and Controlled Injection in Dark-Current-Free, 10-GeV-Class, Channel-Guided Laser-Plasma AcceleratorsPicksley, AStackhouse, JBenedetti, CNakamura, KTsai, HELi, RMiao, BShrock, JERockafellow, EMilchberg, HMSchroeder, CBvan Tilborg, JEsarey, EGeddes, CGRGonsalves, AJ2024-12-20We measure the high-intensity laser propagation throughout meter-scale, channel-guided laser-plasma accelerators by adjusting the length of the plasma channel on a shot-by-shot basis, showing high-quality guiding of 500 TW laser pulses over 30 cm in a hydrogen plasma of density n_{0}≈1×10^{17} cm^{-3}. We observed transverse energy transport of higher-order modes in the first ≈12 cm of the plasma channel, followed by quasimatched propagation, and the gradual, dark-current-free depletion of laser energy to the wake. We quantify the laser-to-wake transfer efficiency limitations of currently available petawatt-class lasers and demonstrate via simulation how control over the laser mode can significantly improve beam parameters. Using 21.3 J of laser energy, and triggering localized electron injection, we observed electron bunches with single, quasimonoenergetic peaks up to 9.2 GeV with charge extending beyond 10 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8465g5b1https://escholarship.org/content/qt8465g5b1/qt8465g5b1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.133.255001articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 133, iss 25255001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4r35w01d2026-09-17T11:09:37Zqt4r35w01dThe design, implementation, and performance of the LZ calibration systemsAalbers, JAkerib, DSAl Musalhi, AKAlder, FAmarasinghe, CSAmes, AAnderson, TJAngelides, NAraújo, HMArmstrong, JEArthurs, MBaker, ABalashov, SBang, JBarillier, EEBargemann, JWBeattie, KBenson, TBhatti, ABiekert, ABiesiadzinski, TPBirch, HJBishop, EBlockinger, GMBoxer, BBrew, CAJBrás, PBurdin, SBuuck, MCarmona-Benitez, MCCarter, MChawla, AChen, HCherwinka, JJChin, YTChott, NIConverse, MVCottle, ACox, GCurran, DDahl, CEDavid, ADelgaudio, JDey, Sde Viveiros, LDi Felice, LDing, CDobson, JEYDruszkiewicz, EEriksen, SRFan, AFearon, NMFieldhouse, NFiorucci, SFlaecher, HFraser, EDFruth, TMAGaitskell, RJGeffre, AGenovesi, JGhag, CGibbons, RGokhale, SGreen, Jvan der Grinten, MGDHaiston, JJHall, CRHan, SHartigan-O'Connor, EHaselschwardt, SJHernandez, MAHertel, SAHeuermann, GHomenides, GJHorn, MHuang, DQHunt, DJacquet, EJames, RSJohnson, JKaboth, ACKamaha, ACKannichankandy, MKhaitan, DKhazov, AKhurana, IKim, JKim, YDKingston, JKirk, RKodroff, DKorley, LKorolkova, EVKraus, HKravitz, SKreczko, LKudryavtsev, VALeonard, DSLesko, KTLevy, C2024-08-01LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a tonne-scale experiment searching for direct dark matter interactions and other rare events. It is located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. The core of the LZ detector is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC), designed with the primary goal of detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their induced low energy nuclear recoils. Surrounding the TPC, two veto detectors immersed in an ultra-pure water tank enable reducing background events to enhance the discovery potential. Intricate calibration systems are purposely designed to precisely understand the responses of these three detector volumes to various types of particle interactions and to demonstrate LZ's ability to discriminate between signals and backgrounds. In this paper, we present a comprehensive discussion of the key features, requirements, and performance of the LZ calibration systems, which play a crucial role in enabling LZ's WIMP-search and its broad science program. The thorough description of these calibration systems, with an emphasis on their novel aspects, is valuable for future calibration efforts in direct dark matter and other rare-event search experiments.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Dark Matter detectors (WIMPsaxionsetc.)Time projection chambers02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r35w01dinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/19/08/p08027articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 19, iss 08p08027oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2259n8zn2026-09-17T11:09:32Zqt2259n8znAdvanced Monitoring Technology Report For an Integrated Risk Management and Decision-Support System (IRMDSS) for Assuring the Integrity of Underground Natural Gas Storage Infrastructure in CaliforniaZhang, YingqiRodriguez Tribaldos, VeronicaVasco, DonaldFreifeld, BarryFoxall, WilliamWang, KangBurgmann, RolandLeen, BrianBaer, DougOldenburg, Curt2024-09-09Previous studies have shown that underground natural gas storage (UGS) in California has served a critical role in meeting energy demands in California, and there is no immediate alternative. Therefore, it is important to ensure the safety of UGS infrastructure, especially considering that many of the UGS sites are using a combination of new and old wells, some of which were installed decades ago and re-purposed for UGS. The purpose of this project is to develop an integrated risk management and decision support system (IRMDSS) to manage risks associated with this heterogeneous subsurface infrastructure.
The approach of the IRMDSS is to take advantage of the predictive capability of mechanistic models, with support from data acquired from advanced monitoring technologies, for evaluation and analysis of various incident scenarios or potential threats. In this project, we have demonstrated data collection by four advanced monitoring technologies. These include two downhole monitoring technologies, distributed temperature sensing (DTS), distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and two surface monitoring technologies, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). DTS and DAS data are collected continuously, providing information related to individual wells. InSAR data are collected frequently (~every 24 days), and UAV data can be collected as frequently as is practical depending on need. Together, these subsurface and surface monitoring technologies provide near real-time information useful for risk management of UGS facilities.UGSrisk managementadvanced monitoring technologiesDTSDASInSARUAVapplication/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2259n8znhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2259n8zn/qt2259n8zn.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5bh0d8zz2026-09-17T11:09:28Zqt5bh0d8zzLaser-plasma ion beam booster based on hollow-channel magnetic vortex accelerationGarten, MarcoBulanov, Stepan SHakimi, SahelObst-Huebl, LieselotteMitchell, Chad ESchroeder, Carl BEsarey, EricGeddes, Cameron GRVay, Jean-LucHuebl, Axel2024-08-01Laser-driven ion acceleration provides ultrashort, high-charge, low-emittance beams, which are desirable for a wide range of high-impact applications. Yet after decades of research, a significant increase in maximum ion energy is still needed. This paper introduces a quality-preserving staging concept for ultraintense ion bunches that is seamlessly applicable from the nonrelativistic plasma source to the relativistic regime. Full three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations prove robustness and capture of a high-charge proton bunch, suitable for readily available and near-term laser facilities. Published by the American Physical Society 20245106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)ATAP-2024 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-AMP (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bh0d8zzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5bh0d8zz/qt5bh0d8zz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033148articlePhysical Review Research, vol 6, iss 3033148oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9r07184g2026-09-17T11:09:22Zqt9r07184gIndirect Liability for Copyright Infringement: An Economic PerspectiveLichtman, DouglasLandes, William M2003-01-01When individuals infringe copyright, they often use tools, services, and venues provided by other parties. An enduring legal question asks to what extent those other parties should be held liable for the resulting infringement. For example, should a firm that produces photocopiers be required to compensate authors for any unauthorized copies made on that firm's machines? What about firms that manufacture personal computers or offer Internet access; should they be liable, at least in part, for online music piracy? Modern copyright law addresses these issues through a variety of common law doctrines and statutory provisions. In this essay, we introduce those rules and evaluate them from an economic perspective. In the process, we emphasize that every mechanism for rewarding authors inevitably introduces some form of inefficiency, and thus the only way to determine the proper scope for indirect liability is to weigh its costs and benefits against those associated with other plausible mechanisms for rewarding authors.copyrightindirect liabilitythird-party liabilityGroksterNapstervicariouscontributoryapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9r07184ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9r07184g/qt9r07184g.pdfarticleHarvard Journal of Law and Technology, vol 16, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8vv9390p2026-09-17T11:05:45Zqt8vv9390pPredicting Resource Utilization Trends with Southern California Petabyte Scale CacheSim, CaitlinWu, KeshengSim, AlexMonga, InderGuok, ChinHazen, DamianWürthwein, FrankDavila, DiegoNewman, HarveyBalcas, JustasDe Vita, REspinal, XLaycock, PShadura, O2024-01-01Large community of high-energy physicists share their data all around world making it necessary to ship a large number of files over wide- area networks. Regional disk caches such as the Southern California Petabyte Scale Cache have been deployed to reduce the data access latency. We observe that about 94% of the requested data volume were served from this cache, without remote transfers, between Sep. 2022 and July 2023. In this paper, we show the predictability of the resource utilization by exploring the trends of recent cache usage. The time series based prediction is made with a machine learning approach and the prediction errors are small relative to the variation in the input data. This work would help understanding the characteristics of the resource utilization and plan for additional deployments of caches in the future.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and accelerators (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vv9390pinfo:doi/10.1051/epjconf/202429501044articleEPJ Web of Conferences, vol 29501044oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5865n6472026-09-17T11:05:05Zqt5865n647Simulations of events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experimentAkerib, DSAkerlof, CWAlqahtani, AAlsum, SKAnderson, TJAngelides, NAraújo, HMArmstrong, JEArthurs, MBai, XBalajthy, JBalashov, SBang, JBauer, DBaxter, ABensinger, JBernard, EPBernstein, ABhatti, ABiekert, ABiesiadzinski, TPBirch, HJBoast, KEBoxer, BBrás, PBuckley, JHBugaev, VVBurdin, SBusenitz, JKCabrita, RCarels, CCarlsmith, DLCarmona-Benitez, MCCascella, MChan, CChott, NICole, ACottle, ACutter, JEDahl, CEde Viveiros, LDobson, JEYDruszkiewicz, EEdberg, TKEriksen, SRFan, AFayer, SFiorucci, SFlaecher, HFraser, EDFruth, TGaitskell, RJGenovesi, JGhag, CGibson, EGilchriese, MGDGokhale, Svan der Grinten, MGDHall, CRHarrison, AHaselschwardt, SJHertel, SAHor, JY-KHorn, MHuang, DQIgnarra, CMJahangir, OJi, WJohnson, JKaboth, ACKamaha, ACKamdin, KKazkaz, KKhaitan, DKhazov, AKhurana, IKocher, CDKorley, LKorolkova, EVKras, JKraus, HKravitz, SKreczko, LKrikler, BKudryavtsev, VALeason, EALee, JLeonard, DSLesko, KTLevy, CLi, JLiao, JLiao, F-TLin, JLindote, ALinehan, RLippincott, WHLiu, RLiu, XLoniewski, C2021-02-01The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1–2) × 10 − 12 pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c 2. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-dethep-ex0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5865n647https://escholarship.org/content/qt5865n647/qt5865n647.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2020.102480articleAstroparticle Physics, vol 125102480oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3bp9t2b42026-09-17T11:04:39Zqt3bp9t2b4Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to τν in pp Collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS DetectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2018-04-20A search for high-mass resonances decaying to τν using proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Only τ-lepton decays with hadrons in the final state are considered. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb^{-1}. No statistically significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed; model-independent upper limits are set on the visible τν production cross section. Heavy W^{'} bosons with masses less than 3.7 TeV in the sequential standard model and masses less than 2.2-3.8 TeV depending on the coupling in the nonuniversal G(221) model are excluded at the 95% credibility level.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bp9t2b4https://escholarship.org/content/qt3bp9t2b4/qt3bp9t2b4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.120.161802articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 120, iss 16161802oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt65v2946m2026-09-17T11:04:20Zqt65v2946mQuench Detection for High-Temperature Superconductor Conductors Using Acoustic ThermometryMarchevsky, MaximHershkovitz, EitanWang, XiaorongGourlay, Steve APrestemon, Soren2018-06-01Detecting local heat-dissipating zones in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets is a challenging task due to slow propagation of such zones in HTS conductors. For long conductor lengths, voltage-based methods may not provide a sufficient sensitivity or redundancy, and therefore nonvoltage-based detection alternatives are being sought. One of those is the recently proposed method of Eigen Frequency Thermometry (EFT), which is an active acoustic technique for a fast and nonintrusive detection of “hot spots,” utilizing temperature dependence of the conductor elastic moduli. In this work, we demonstrate the efficiency of EFT for detecting localized heating in a 1.2-m-long sample of REBCO tape immersed in liquid nitrogen, and benchmark sensitivity of the acoustic detection with respect to voltage, hot spot temperature, and power dissipation in the conductor. Modifying the original technique for differential mode of operation enables a much improved sensitivity, and adds a hot spot localization capability. Furthermore, we adapt this technique to subscale coils wound with REBCO CORC conductor built in the framework of U.S. Magnet Development Program. A successful thermal-based detection of dissipation onset at the critical current for a two-layer canted CORC dipole assembly is discussed.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5103 Classical Physics (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Acoustic sensorstemperature sensorssuperconducting coilshigh-temperature superconductorsquench detection0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/65v2946mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt65v2946m/qt65v2946m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2018.2817218articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 28, iss 41 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6878h66t2026-09-17T11:03:58Zqt6878h66tFirst Results from CUORE: A Search for Lepton Number Violation via 0νββ Decay of Te130Alduino, CAlessandria, FAlfonso, KAndreotti, EArnaboldi, CAvignone, FTAzzolini, OBalata, MBandac, IBanks, TIBari, GBarucci, MBeeman, JWBellini, FBenato, GBersani, ABiare, DBiassoni, MBragazzi, FBranca, ABrofferio, CBryant, ABuccheri, ABucci, CBulfon, CCamacho, ACaminata, ACanonica, LCao, XGCapelli, SCapodiferro, MCappelli, LCardani, LCariello, MCarniti, PCarrettoni, MCasali, NCassina, LCereseto, RCeruti, GChiarini, AChiesa, DChott, NClemenza, MConventi, DCopello, SCosmelli, CCremonesi, OCrescentini, CCreswick, RJCushman, JSD’Addabbo, AD’Aguanno, DDafinei, IDatskov, VDavis, CJDel Corso, FDell’Oro, SDeninno, MMDi Domizio, SDi Vacri, MLDi Paolo, LDrobizhev, AEjzak, LFaccini, RFang, DQFaverzani, MFerri, EFerroni, FFiorini, EFranceschi, MAFreedman, SJFujikawa, BKGaigher, RGiachero, AGironi, LGiuliani, AGladstone, LGoett, JGorla, PGotti, CGuandalini, CGuerzoni, MGutierrez, TDHaller, EEHan, KHansen, EVHeeger, KMHennings-Yeomans, RHickerson, KPHuang, HZIannone, MIoannucci, LKadel, RKeppel, GKogler, LKolomensky, Yu GLeder, ALigi, CLim, KE2018-03-30The CUORE experiment, a ton-scale cryogenic bolometer array, recently began operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The array represents a significant advancement in this technology, and in this work we apply it for the first time to a high-sensitivity search for a lepton-number-violating process: ^{130}Te neutrinoless double-beta decay. Examining a total TeO_{2} exposure of 86.3 kg yr, characterized by an effective energy resolution of (7.7±0.5) keV FWHM and a background in the region of interest of (0.014±0.002) counts/(keV kg yr), we find no evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Including systematic uncertainties, we place a lower limit on the decay half-life of T_{1/2}^{0ν}(^{130}Te)>1.3×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.); the median statistical sensitivity of this search is 7.0×10^{24} yr. Combining this result with those of two earlier experiments, Cuoricino and CUORE-0, we find T_{1/2}^{0ν}(^{130}Te)>1.5×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.), which is the most stringent limit to date on this decay. Interpreting this result as a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass, we find m_{ββ}<(110-520) meV, where the range reflects the nuclear matrix element estimates employed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CUORE Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exhep-exphysics.ins-detNSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6878h66thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6878h66t/qt6878h66t.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.120.132501articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 120, iss 13132501oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7w80k7jd2026-09-17T11:03:48Zqt7w80k7jd3D modeling of electric fields in the LUX detectorAkerib, DSAlsum, SAraújo, HMBai, XBailey, AJBalajthy, JBeltrame, PBernard, EPBernstein, ABiesiadzinski, TPBoulton, EMBrás, PByram, DCahn, SBCarmona-Benitez, MCChan, CCurrie, ACutter, JEDavison, TJRDobi, ADruszkiewicz, EEdwards, BNFallon, SRFan, AFiorucci, SGaitskell, RJGenovesi, JGhag, CGilchriese, MGDHall, CRHanhardt, MHaselschwardt, SJHertel, SAHogan, DPHorn, MHuang, DQIgnarra, CMJacobsen, RGJi, WKamdin, KKazkaz, KKhaitan, DKnoche, RLarsen, NALenardo, BGLesko, KTLindote, ALopes, MIManalaysay, AMannino, RLMarzioni, MFMcKinsey, DNMei, D-MMock, JMoongweluwan, MMorad, JAMurphyNehrkorn, CNelson, HNNeves, FO'Sullivan, KOliver-Mallory, KCPalladino, KJPease, EKRhyne, CShaw, SShutt, TASilva, CSolmaz, MSolovov, VNSorensen, PSumner, TJSzydagis, MTaylor, DJTaylor, WCTennyson, BPTerman, PATiedt, DRTo, WHTripathi, MTvrznikova, LUvarov, SVelan, VVerbus, JRWebb, RCWhite, JTWhitis, TJWitherell, MSWolfs, FLHXu, JYazdani, KYoung, SKZhang, C2017-11-01This work details the development of a three-dimensional (3D) electric field model for the LUX detector. The detector took data to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) during two periods. After the first period completed, a time-varying non-uniform negative charge developed in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) panels that define the radial boundary of the detector's active volume. This caused electric field variations in the detector in time, depth and azimuth, generating an electrostatic radially-inward force on electrons on their way upward to the liquid surface. To map this behavior, 3D electric field maps of the detector's active volume were generated on a monthly basis. This was done by fitting a model built in COMSOL Multiphysics to the uniformly distributed calibration data that were collected on a regular basis. The modeled average PTFE charge density increased over the course of the exposure from -3.6 to −5.5 μC/m2. From our studies, we deduce that the electric field magnitude varied locally while the mean value of the field of ∼200 V/cm remained constant throughout the exposure. As a result of this work the varying electric fields and their impact on event reconstruction and discrimination were successfully modeled.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Analysis and statistical methodsDetector modelling and simulations II (electric fieldscharge transportmultiplication and inductionpulse formationelectron emissionetc)Noble liquid detectors (scintillationionizationdouble-phase)Dark Matter detectors (WIMPsaxionsetc.)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-dethep-exphysics.comp-ph02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w80k7jdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7w80k7jd/qt7w80k7jd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/12/11/p11022articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 12, iss 11p11022 - p11022oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rn8h3wx2026-09-17T11:00:58Zqt8rn8h3wxPrompt-delayed γ-ray spectroscopy with AGATA, EXOGAM and VAMOS++Kim, YHLemasson, ARejmund, MNavin, ABiswas, SMichelagnoli, CStefan, IBanik, RBednarczyk, PBhattacharya, SBhattacharyya, SClément, ECrawford, HLDe France, GFallon, PGoupil, JJacquot, BLi, HJLjungvall, JMacchiavelli, AOMaj, AMénager, LMorel, VPalit, RPérez-Vidal, RMRopert, JSchmitt, C2017-08-01Abstract.A new experimental setup to measure prompt-delayed γ$$\gamma$$-ray coincidences from isotopically identified fission fragments, over a wide time range of 100ns-200μ s, is presented. The fission fragments were isotopically identified, on an event-by-event basis, using the VAMOS++ large acceptance spectrometer. The prompt γ$$\gamma$$ rays emitted at the target position and corresponding delayed γ$$ \gamma$$ rays emitted at the focal plane of the spectrometer were detected using, respectively, thirty two crystals of the AGATA γ$$\gamma$$-ray tracking array and seven EXOGAM HPGe Clover detectors. Fission fragments produced in fusion and transfer-induced fission reactions, using a 238U beam at an energy of 6.2 MeV/u impinging on a 9Be target, were used to characterize and qualify the performance of the detection system.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and accelerators (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rn8h3wxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8rn8h3wx/qt8rn8h3wx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epja/i2017-12353-yarticleThe European Physical Journal A, vol 53, iss 8162oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6x3004t82026-09-17T11:00:54Zqt6x3004t8Cross-shell excitations in Si31Tai, P-LTabor, SLLubna, RSKravvaris, KBender, PCTripathi, VandanaVolya, ACarpenter, MPJanssens, RVFLauritsen, TMcCutchan, EAZhu, SClark, RMFallon, PPaschalis, SPetri, MMacchiavelli, AOReviol, WSarantites, DG2017-07-01The Si31 nucleus was produced through the O18(O18, αn) fusion-evaporation reaction at Elab=24MeV. Evaporated α particles from the reaction were detected and identified in the Microball detector array for channel selection. Multiple γ-ray coincidence events were detected in Gammasphere. The energy and angle information for the α particles was used to determine the Si31 recoil kinematics on an event-by-event basis for a more accurate Doppler correction. A total of 22 new states and 52 new γ transitions were observed, including 14 from states above the neutron separation energy. The positive-parity states predicted by the shell-model calculations in the sd model space agree well with experiment. The negative-parity states were compared with shell-model calculations in the psdpf model space with some variations in the N=20 shell gap. The best agreement was found with a shell gap intermediate between that originally used for A≈20 nuclei and that previously adapted for P32,34. This variation suggests the need for a more universal cross-shell interaction.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)NSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x3004t8https://escholarship.org/content/qt6x3004t8/qt6x3004t8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.96.014323articlePhysical Review C, vol 96, iss 1014323oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55g8h71w2026-09-17T11:00:50Zqt55g8h71wNonuniform discharge currents in active plasma lensesvan Tilborg, JBarber, SKTsai, H-ESwanson, KKSteinke, SGeddes, CGRGonsalves, AJSchroeder, CBEsarey, EBulanov, SSBobrova, NASasorov, PVLeemans, WP2017-03-01Active plasma lenses have attracted interest in novel accelerator applications due to their ability to provide large-field-gradient (short focal length), tunable, and radially symmetric focusing for charged particle beams. However, if the discharge current is not flowing uniformly as a function of radius, one can expect a radially varying field gradient as well as potential emittance degradation. We have investigated this experimentally for a 1-mm-diameter active plasma lens. The measured near-axis field gradient is approximately 35% larger than expected for a uniform current distribution, and at overfocusing currents ring-shaped electron beams are observed. These observations are explained by simulations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)02 Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55g8h71whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt55g8h71w/qt55g8h71w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.20.032803articlePhysical Review Accelerators and Beams, vol 20, iss 3032803oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7b99k19v2026-09-17T11:00:45Zqt7b99k19vA hybrid adaptive low-Mach number/compressible method: Euler equationsMotheau, EmmanuelDuarte, MaxAlmgren, AnnBell, John B2018-11-01Flows in which the primary features of interest do not rely on high-frequency acoustic effects, but in which long-wavelength acoustics play a nontrivial role, present a computational challenge. Integrating the entire domain with low-Mach-number methods would remove all acoustic wave propagation, while integrating the entire domain with the fully compressible equations can in some cases be prohibitively expensive due to the CFL time step constraint. For example, simulation of thermoacoustic instabilities might require fine resolution of the fluid/chemistry interaction but not require fine resolution of acoustic effects, yet one does not want to neglect the long-wavelength wave propagation and its interaction with the larger domain. The present paper introduces a new multi-level hybrid algorithm to address these types of phenomena. In this new approach, the fully compressible Euler equations are solved on the entire domain, potentially with local refinement, while their low-Mach-number counterparts are solved on subregions of the domain with higher spatial resolution. The finest of the compressible levels communicates inhomogeneous divergence constraints to the coarsest of the low-Mach-number levels, allowing the low-Mach-number levels to retain the long-wavelength acoustics. The performance of the hybrid method is shown for a series of test cases, including results from a simulation of the aeroacoustic propagation generated from a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in low-Mach-number mixing layers. It is demonstrated that compared to a purely compressible approach, the hybrid method allows time-steps two orders of magnitude larger at the finest level, leading to an overall reduction of the computational time by a factor of 8.40 Engineering (for-2020)4001 Aerospace Engineering (for-2020)Hybrid methodsLow-Mach-number flowsCompressible flowsProjection methodsAdaptive mesh refinementAcousticsmath.NAmath.NAphysics.comp-ph01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Applied Mathematics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b99k19vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7b99k19v/qt7b99k19v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jcp.2018.01.036articleJournal of Computational Physics, vol 3721027 - 1047oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2q62w6jg2026-09-17T11:00:32Zqt2q62w6jgCompiler-based code generation and autotuning for geometric multigrid on GPU-accelerated supercomputersBasu, ProtonuWilliams, SamuelVan Straalen, BrianOliker, LeonidColella, PhillipHall, Mary2017-05-01GPUs, with their high bandwidths and computational capabilities are an increasingly popular target for scientific computing. Unfortunately, to date, harnessing the power of the GPU has required use of a GPU-specific programming model like CUDA, OpenCL, or OpenACC. As such, in order to deliver portability across CPU-based and GPU-accelerated supercomputers, programmers are forced to write and maintain two versions of their applications or frameworks. In this paper, we explore the use of a compiler-based autotuning framework based on CUDA-CHiLL to deliver not only portability, but also performance portability across CPU- and GPU-accelerated platforms for the geometric multigrid linear solvers found in many scientific applications. We show that with autotuning we can attain near Roofline (a performance bound for a computation and target architecture) performance across the key operations in the miniGMG benchmark for both CPU- and GPU-based architectures as well as for a multiple stencil discretizations and smoothers. We show that our technology is readily interoperable with MPI resulting in performance at scale equal to that obtained via hand-optimized MPI+CUDA implementation.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4601 Applied Computing (for-2020)GPUCompilerAutotuningMultigrid0805 Distributed Computing (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)Distributed Computing (science-metrix)4606 Distributed computing and systems software (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q62w6jghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2q62w6jg/qt2q62w6jg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.parco.2017.04.002articleParallel Computing, vol 6450 - 64oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6rk552r72026-09-17T11:00:27Zqt6rk552r7A Generalized Framework for Auto-tuning Stencil ComputationsKamil, SChan, CPWilliams, SOliker, LShalf, JHowison, MBethel, EWPrabhat2009-05-04application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rk552r7https://escholarship.org/content/qt6rk552r7/qt6rk552r7.pdfarticleLawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt03h3j1hg2026-09-17T11:00:03Zqt03h3j1hgStaging of laser-plasma acceleratorsSteinke, Svan Tilborg, JBenedetti, CGeddes, CGRDaniels, JSwanson, KKGonsalves, AJNakamura, KShaw, BHSchroeder, CBEsarey, ELeemans, WP2016-05-01We present results of an experiment where two laser-plasma-accelerator stages are coupled at a short distance by a plasma mirror. Stable electron beams from the first stage were used to longitudinally probe the dark-current-free, quasi-linear wakefield excited by the laser of the second stage. Changing the arrival time of the electron beam with respect to the second stage laser pulse allowed reconstruction of the temporal wakefield structure, determination of the plasma density, and inference of the length of the electron beam. The first stage electron beam could be focused by an active plasma lens to a spot size smaller than the transverse wake size at the entrance of the second stage. This permitted electron beam trapping, verified by a 100 MeV energy gain.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/03h3j1hghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt03h3j1hg/qt03h3j1hg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/1.4948280articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 23, iss 5056705oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt269767k32026-09-17T10:59:58Zqt269767k3Microbial Metagenomics Reveals Climate-Relevant Subsurface Biogeochemical ProcessesLong, Philip EWilliams, Kenneth HHubbard, Susan SBanfield, Jillian F2016-08-01Microorganisms play key roles in terrestrial system processes, including the turnover of natural organic carbon, such as leaf litter and woody debris that accumulate in soils and subsurface sediments. What has emerged from a series of recent DNA sequencing-based studies is recognition of the enormous variety of little known and previously unknown microorganisms that mediate recycling of these vast stores of buried carbon in subsoil compartments of the terrestrial system. More importantly, the genome resolution achieved in these studies has enabled association of specific members of these microbial communities with carbon compound transformations and other linked biogeochemical processes-such as the nitrogen cycle-that can impact the quality of groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric trace gas concentrations. The emerging view also emphasizes the importance of organism interactions through exchange of metabolic byproducts (e.g., within the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles) and via symbioses since many novel organisms exhibit restricted metabolic capabilities and an associated extremely small cell size. New, genome-resolved information reshapes our view of subsurface microbial communities and provides critical new inputs for advanced reactive transport models. These inputs are needed for accurate prediction of feedbacks in watershed biogeochemical functioning and their influence on the climate via the fluxes of greenhouse gases, CO2, CH4, and N2O.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)14 Life Below Water (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)Atmosphere (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Climate (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Gases (mesh)GenomeMicrobial (mesh)Geologic Sediments (mesh)Greenhouse Effect (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Microbial Consortia (mesh)Microbial Interactions (mesh)Nitrogen (mesh)Nitrogen Cycle (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Sulfur (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Sulfur (mesh)Nitrogen (mesh)Gases (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)Greenhouse Effect (mesh)Atmosphere (mesh)Climate (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Geologic Sediments (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Microbial Interactions (mesh)Nitrogen Cycle (mesh)Microbial Consortia (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)GenomeMicrobial (mesh)greenhouse gasesmetagenomereaction pathwaysubsurface biogeochemistryAtmosphere (mesh)Biodiversity (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Climate (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Gases (mesh)GenomeMicrobial (mesh)Geologic Sediments (mesh)Greenhouse Effect (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Microbial Consortia (mesh)Microbial Interactions (mesh)Nitrogen (mesh)Nitrogen Cycle (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Sulfur (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)1108 Medical Microbiology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/269767k3https://escholarship.org/content/qt269767k3/qt269767k3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.tim.2016.04.006articleTrends in Microbiology, vol 24, iss 8600 - 610oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2zr0m0tv2026-09-17T10:59:43Zqt2zr0m0tvComprehensive Chemical Characterization of Hydrocarbons in NIST Standard Reference Material 2779 Gulf of Mexico Crude OilWorton, David RZhang, HaofeiIsaacman-VanWertz, GabrielChan, Arthur WHWilson, Kevin RGoldstein, Allen H2015-11-17Comprehensive chemical information is needed to understand the environmental fate and impact of hydrocarbons released during oil spills. However, chemical information remains incomplete because of the limitations of current analytical techniques and the inherent chemical complexity of crude oils. In this work, gas chromatography (GC)-amenable C9-C33 hydrocarbons were comprehensively characterized from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 2779 Gulf of Mexico crude oil by GC coupled to vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (GC/VUV-MS), with a mass balance of 68 ± 22%. This technique overcomes one important limitation faced by traditional GC and even comprehensive 2D gas chromatography (GC×GC): the necessity for individual compounds to be chromatographically resolved from one another in order to be characterized. VUV photoionization minimizes fragmentation of the molecular ions, facilitating the characterization of the observed hydrocarbons as a function of molecular weight (carbon number, NC), structure (number of double bond equivalents, NDBE), and mass fraction (mg kg(-1)), which represent important metrics for understanding their fate and environmental impacts. Linear alkanes (8 ± 1%), branched alkanes (11 ± 2%), and cycloalkanes (37 ± 12%) dominated the mass with the largest contribution from cycloalkanes containing one or two rings and one or more alkyl side chains (27 ± 9%). Linearity and good agreement with previous work for a subset of >100 components and for the sum of compound classes provided confidence in our measurements and represents the first independent assessment of our analytical approach and calibration methodology. Another crude oil collected from the Marlin platform (35 km northeast of the Macondo well) was shown to be chemically identical within experimental errors to NIST SRM 2779, demonstrating that Marlin crude is an appropriate surrogate oil for researchers conducting laboratory research into impacts of the DeepWater Horizon disaster.3401 Analytical Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)ChromatographyGas (mesh)Gulf of America (mesh)Hydrocarbons (mesh)Isomerism (mesh)Mass Spectrometry (mesh)Molecular Weight (mesh)Oil and Gas Fields (mesh)Petroleum (mesh)Petroleum Pollution (mesh)Reference Standards (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Hydrocarbons (mesh)ChromatographyGas (mesh)Petroleum (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Isomerism (mesh)Molecular Weight (mesh)Reference Standards (mesh)Mass Spectrometry (mesh)Petroleum Pollution (mesh)Oil and Gas Fields (mesh)Gulf of America (mesh)ChromatographyGas (mesh)Gulf of America (mesh)Hydrocarbons (mesh)Isomerism (mesh)Mass Spectrometry (mesh)Molecular Weight (mesh)Oil and Gas Fields (mesh)Petroleum (mesh)Petroleum Pollution (mesh)Reference Standards (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zr0m0tvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2zr0m0tv/qt2zr0m0tv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b03472articleEnvironmental Science and Technology, vol 49, iss 2213130 - 13138oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1ng5c3dk2026-09-17T10:59:24Zqt1ng5c3dkMeasurements of the Total and Differential Higgs Boson Production Cross Sections Combining the H→γγ and H→ZZ*→4ℓ Decay Channels at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS DetectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, AArtoni, G2015-08-28Measurements of the total and differential cross sections of Higgs boson production are performed using 20.3 fb^{-1} of pp collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=8 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Cross sections are obtained from measured H→γγ and H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ event yields, which are combined accounting for detector efficiencies, fiducial acceptances, and branching fractions. Differential cross sections are reported as a function of Higgs boson transverse momentum, Higgs boson rapidity, number of jets in the event, and transverse momentum of the leading jet. The total production cross section is determined to be σ_{pp→H}=33.0±5.3 (stat)±1.6 (syst) pb. The measurements are compared to state-of-the-art predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ng5c3dkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1ng5c3dk/qt1ng5c3dk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.115.091801articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 115, iss 9091801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7gd458zb2026-09-17T10:59:07Zqt7gd458zbSearch for invisible particles produced in association with single-top-quarks in proton–proton collisions at s=8TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, H2015-02-01A search for the production of single-top-quarks in association with missing energy is performed in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider using data collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text] fb[Formula: see text]. In this search, the [Formula: see text] boson from the top quark is required to decay into an electron or a muon and a neutrino. No deviation from the standard model prediction is observed, and upper limits are set on the production cross-section for resonant and non-resonant production of an invisible exotic state in association with a right-handed top quark. In the case of resonant production, for a spin-[Formula: see text] resonance with a mass of [Formula: see text] GeV, an effective coupling strength above [Formula: see text] is excluded at 95[Formula: see text] confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-[Formula: see text] state with mass between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] GeV. In the case of non-resonant production, an effective coupling strength above [Formula: see text] is excluded at 95[Formula: see text] confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-[Formula: see text] state with mass between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gd458zbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7gd458zb/qt7gd458zb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3233-4articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 279oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3cj6g8cd2026-09-17T10:55:42Zqt3cj6g8cdTowards machine learning assisted TORIC-PetraM ICRF core-edge couplingSánchez-VillarBai, ZBertelli, NBethel, EWHillairet, JPerciano, TShiraiwa, SWallace, GMWright, JC2024-01-01publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cj6g8cdarticle50th Eps Conference on Plasma Physics Eps 2024oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4hw0p3dq2026-09-17T10:54:45Zqt4hw0p3dqMeasurement of dijet cross-sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAefsky, SAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmad, AAhmadov, FAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, S2014-05-01Double-differential dijet cross-sections measured in pp collisions at the LHC with a 7TeV centre-of-mass energy are presented as functions of dijet mass and half the rapidity separation of the two highest-pT jets. These measurements are obtained using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2011. The data are corrected for detector effects so that cross-sections are presented at the particle level. Cross-sections are measured up to 5TeV dijet mass using jets reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm for values of the jet radius parameter of 0.4 and 0.6. The cross-sections are compared with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations by NLOJet++ corrected to account for non-perturbative effects. Comparisons with POWHEG predictions, using a next-to-leading-order matrix element calculation interfaced to a partonshower Monte Carlo simulation, are also shown. Electroweak effects are accounted for in both cases. The quantitative comparison of data and theoretical predictions obtained using various parameterizations of the parton distribution functions is performed using a frequentist method. In general, good agreement with data is observed for the NLOJet++ theoretical predictions when using the CT10, NNPDF2.1 and MSTW 2008 PDF sets. Disagreement is observed when using the ABM11 and HERAPDF1.5 PDF sets for some ranges of dijet mass and half the rapidity separation. An example setting a lower limit on the compositeness scale for a model of contact interactions is presented, showing that the unfolded results can be used to constrain contributions to dijet production beyond that predicted by the Standard Model.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)JetsJet physicsHadron-Hadron Scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hw0p3dqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4hw0p3dq/qt4hw0p3dq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep05(2014)059articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2014, iss 559oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0gx0c0862026-09-17T10:51:46Zqt0gx0c086Measurements of Four-Lepton Production at the Z Resonance in pp Collisions at s=7 and 8 TeV with ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmad, AAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2014-06-13Measurements of four-lepton (4ℓ, ℓ=e,μ) production cross sections at the Z resonance in pp collisions at the LHC with the ATLAS detector are presented. For dilepton and four-lepton invariant mass regions m(ℓ+ℓ(-)) > 5 GeV and 805106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gx0c086https://escholarship.org/content/qt0gx0c086/qt0gx0c086.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.112.231806articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 112, iss 23231806oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt60k2h43m2026-09-17T10:51:30Zqt60k2h43mMeasurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp collisions at s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, ATLASAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAefsky, SAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmad, AAhmadov, FAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmmosov, VVDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, S2014-01-01A measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks is presented. In a 4.7 fb−1 data sample of proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, events consistent with tt¯ production and decay into a single charged lepton final state are reconstructed. For each event, the mass difference between the top and anti-top quark candidate is calculated. A two b-tag requirement is used in order to reduce the background contribution. A maximum likelihood fit to these per-event mass differences yields Δm≡mt−mt¯=0.67±0.61(stat)±0.41(syst) GeV, consistent with CPT invariance.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/60k2h43mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt60k2h43m/qt60k2h43m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2013.12.010articlePhysics Letters B, vol 728, iss 1363 - 379oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt03r083qx2026-09-17T10:50:49Zqt03r083qxType of alcohol consumed, changes in intake over time and mortality: the Leisure World Cohort StudyPaganini-Hill, AnnliaKawas, Claudia HCorrada, María M2007-03-01BACKGROUND: modifiable behavioural risk factors including smoking and alcohol consumption are major contributing or actual causes of mortality.
OBJECTIVE: to examine the effect of alcohol intake on all-cause mortality in older adults.
DESIGN AND SETTING: prospective population-based cohort study of residents of a California, United States retirement community.
SUBJECTS: 8,877 women and 5,101 men (median age, 74 years) who in the early 1980s completed a postal health srvey incluing details on alcohol consumption.
METHODS: participants were followed for 23 years (1981-2004) including two follow-up questionnaires (in 1992 and 1998) asking about current alcohol intake. Age-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted risk ratios of death and 95% confidence intervals were calculated separately for men and women, using proportional hazard regression.
RESULTS: of the 8,644 women and 4,980 men with complete information on the variables of interest and potential confounders, 6,930 women and 4,456 men had died (median age, 87 years). Both men and women who drank alcohol had decreased mortality compared with non-drinkers. Those who drank two or more drinks per day had a 15% reduced risk of death. The reduced risk was not limited to one type of alcohol. Stable drinkers (those who reported drinking both at baseline and follow-up) had a significantly decreased risk of death compared with stable non-drinkers. Those who started drinking at follow-up also had a significantly lower risk. Women who quit drinking were at increased risk of death.
CONCLUSION: in elderly men and women, moderate alcohol intake exhibits a beneficial effect on mortality. Those who quit may do so for health reasons that affect mortality.4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Minority Health (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)AlcoholismAlcohol Use and Health (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)2.4 Surveillance and distribution (hrcs-rac)3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing (hrcs-rac)2.3 Psychologicalsocial and economic factors (hrcs-rac)Stroke (hrcs-hc)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alcohol Drinking (mesh)Alcoholic Beverages (mesh)Beer (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Wine (mesh)alcoholbeerwinespiritsmortalityelderlyHumans (mesh)Alcohol Drinking (mesh)Alcoholic Beverages (mesh)Beer (mesh)Wine (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Alcohol Drinking (mesh)Alcoholic Beverages (mesh)Beer (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Wine (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1701 Psychology (for)Geriatrics (science-metrix)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)5201 Applied and developmental psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/03r083qxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt03r083qx/qt03r083qx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/ageing/afl184articleAge and Ageing, vol 36, iss 2203 - 209oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt41j6v1xm2026-09-17T10:50:33Zqt41j6v1xmMemory Performance and Hippocampal Volumes in Healthy Weight Children at High‐ and Low‐Familial Risk for ObesityDratva, Melanie ALanman, Zoe LBischoff‐Grethe, AmandaEichen, Dawn MStrong, David RWierenga, Christina EBoutelle, Kerri N2026-01-01BACKGROUND: Children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB), relative to healthy weight (HW), have lower cognitive performance and hippocampal volumes. Whether this extends to children with HW at familial risk for future OW/OB is unknown.
OBJECTIVES: To compare memory performance and hippocampal subfield volumes between HW children at high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) for OW/OB.
METHODS: HW children (n = 95, aged 8-11), classified as HR (n = 43, both parents with OW/OB) or LR (n = 52, both parents with HW), underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and memory testing (Verbal List Learning Test-Food-Child Version (VLLT-Food-C) and Child Memory Scale subtests: word pairs, dot locations). Linear models tested group differences in memory scores, hippocampal and subfield (CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), subiculum) volumes.
RESULTS: Groups did not differ on demographics except body mass index (HR > LR, p = 0.003), despite all children being HW. LR children performed better on VLLT-Food-C short- ( = 0.34, p < 0.01) and long-delay cued recall ( = 0.21, p = 0.04) and word pairs delayed recall ( = 0.21, p = 0.04). Children with HR had smaller bilateral whole hippocampus, CA1, DG and right CA3 volumes (ps < 0.05); only the right DG remained significant ( = 0.15, p = 0.04) after intracranial volume adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS: Memory and hippocampal volume differences may reflect underlying familial risk of OW/OB in HW children.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3210 Nutrition and Dietetics (for-2020)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Obesity (rcdc)Childhood Obesity (rcdc)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Child (mesh)Female (mesh)Hippocampus (mesh)Pediatric Obesity (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Memory (mesh)Organ Size (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Body Mass Index (mesh)hippocampal subfieldshippocampusmemoryobesity riskpreclinical changesHippocampus (mesh)Humans (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Body Mass Index (mesh)Organ Size (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Memory (mesh)Child (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Pediatric Obesity (mesh)hippocampal subfieldshippocampusmemoryobesity riskpreclinical changesHumans (mesh)Male (mesh)Child (mesh)Female (mesh)Hippocampus (mesh)Pediatric Obesity (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Memory (mesh)Organ Size (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Body Mass Index (mesh)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/41j6v1xminfo:doi/10.1111/ijpo.70061multimediaPediatric Obesity, vol 21, iss 1e70061oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5r82464k2026-09-17T10:50:28Zqt5r82464kCMB lensing and Lyα forest cross bispectrum from DESI’s first-year quasar sampleKaraçaylı, Naim GökselMartini, PaulWeinberg, David HFerraro, Simonede Belsunce, RogerAguilar, JAhlen, SArmengaud, EBrooks, DClaybaugh, Tde la Macorra, ADey, BDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGutierrez, GGuy, JHonscheid, KKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRavoux, CRezaie, MRoss, AJRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSeo, HSprayberry, DTan, TTarlé, GWeaver, BAZou, H2024-09-15The squeezed cross-bispectrum Bκ,Lyα between the gravitational lensing in the cosmic microwave background and the 1D Lyα forest power spectrum can constrain bias parameters and break degeneracies between σ8 and other cosmological parameters. We detect Bκ,Lyα with 4.8σ significance at an effective redshift zeff=2.4 using Planck PR3 lensing map and over 280,000 quasar spectra from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument’s first-year data. We test our measurement against metal contamination and foregrounds such as Galactic extinction and clusters of galaxies by deprojecting the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We compare our results to a tree-level perturbation theory calculation and find reasonable agreement between the model and measurement.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r82464khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5r82464k/qt5r82464k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.110.063505articlePhysical Review D, vol 110, iss 6063505oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt71p278hr2026-09-17T10:50:23Zqt71p278hrEmpowering former smokers to become agents of change through thirdhand smoke educationMa, CarmenVang, WeekoYu, EdgarChen, JulinWong, ChingCheng, JoyceJacob, PeytonTsoh, Janice Y2024-03-20Significance: Thirdhand smoke (THS), which includes secondhand smoke contami- nants, can be re-emitted and re-suspended into the air and are embedded into carpets, floors, and clothing. The awareness of THS and the health impacts from exposure to its harmful residues is low in the general population of the United States, especially in immigrant communities where smoking remains prevalent. Our study implemented a THS family-based intervention to promote THS awareness among Chinese American immigrants. Methods: The THS intervention included an education and home cleaning component delivered by lay health workers to 30 Chinese American dyads (N=60). Dyads consisted of former smokers who quit within the last two years and their non-smoking family member living in the same household. Participants completed pre- and post-in- tervention survey interviews and a sub-sample (N=15; 8 former smokers and 7 family members) participated in a post-intervention focus group. Multivariable regression adjusted for dyadic data was conducted to compare pre- and post-intervention changes in the Beliefs About Thirdhand Smoke (BATHS) overall and subscale (Persistence and Health) scores. Transcriptions from focus group interviews, conducted in Cantonese, were transcribed and translated, coded by two independent researchers and themati- cally analyzed using Dedoose. Results: All participants were born outside the US and 59% immigrated at age 30 or older (range: 7 to 63 years old). A majority (82%) spoke English less than “well” and 87% were married. BATHS scores analyses suggested that former smokers increased their THS awareness from pre- to post-intervention: BATHS Overall (M=3.95 [SD=0.50], p=0.021); Persistence (M=3.95 [SD=0.48], p=0.031) and Health (M=3.94 [SD=0.58], p=0.038), and their post-intervention THS scores became similar to the BATH scores of non-smoking family members which did not change at post-intervention. Thematic analyses of focus group interviews revealed emerging themes highlighting impacts on former smokers in increasing THS knowledge and strengthening desires to create dialogue about tobacco use with friends; for example, a former smoker shared “I will share my [THS] knowledge with others. I think it will help [my friends] as well.” Conclusion: A family-based THS education intervention has promising impacts to advance tobacco control in Chinese American immigrant communities by providing new THS knowledge and encouraging former smokers to become agents of change. Future research on empowering former smokers to become effective agents of change to promote tobacco-free communities is warranted.publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/71p278hrarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5dm688bn2026-09-17T10:38:51Zqt5dm688bnMeasurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using lepton+jets events from proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBenato, LBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Bruyn, IDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTTurkcapar, SAlves, GACoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesHerrera, C MoraTeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MManganote, EJ TonelliPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EM2024-12-01Measurements of the polarization and spin correlation in top quark pairs ( ) are presented using events with a single electron or muon and jets in the final state. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data from the LHC at collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . All coefficients of the polarization vectors and the spin correlation matrix are extracted simultaneously by performing a binned likelihood fit to the data. The measurement is performed inclusively and in bins of additional observables, such as the mass of the system and the top quark scattering angle in the rest frame. The measured polarization and spin correlation are in agreement with the standard model. From the measured spin correlation, conclusions on the spin entanglement are drawn by applying the Peres-Horodecki criterion. The standard model predicts entangled spins for states at the production threshold and at high masses of the system. Entanglement is observed for the first time in events at high mass, where a large fraction of the decays are spacelike separated, with an expected and observed significance of above 5 standard deviations. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dm688bnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5dm688bn/qt5dm688bn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.110.112016articlePhysical Review D, vol 110, iss 11112016oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08t554tz2026-09-17T10:38:38Zqt08t554tzMeasurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for W+W− production in proton-proton collisions at s = 13.6 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND'Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesHerrera, C MoraMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, J2025-02-01Measurements at s = 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb − 1 . Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavor and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. The overall sensitivity is significantly better than that of previous results with a similar integrated luminosity. The improvement comes from a more refined control of experimental uncertainties and an improved fit strategy. An inclusive W + W − production cross section of 125.7 ± 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For the first time in proton-proton collisions, W W events with zero, one, and at least two jets are studied simultaneously and compared with recent theoretical predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSW boson pairs0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t554tzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt08t554tz/qt08t554tz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139231articlePhysics Letters B, vol 861139231oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt18z0b5zw2026-09-17T10:29:33Zqt18z0b5zwStudy of the p–p–K+ and p–p–K- dynamics using the femtoscopy techniqueAcharya, SAdamová, DAdler, AAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, SAhn, SUAhuja, IAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfanda, HMAlfaro Molina, RAli, BAlici, AAlizadehvandchali, NAlkin, AAlme, JAlocco, GAlt, TAltsybeev, IAnaam, MNAndrei, CAndronic, AAnguelov, VAntinori, FAntonioli, PApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArata, CArcelli, SAresti, MArnaldi, RArneiro, JGMCAArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABae, JBaek, YWBai, XBailhache, RBailung, YBalbino, ABaldisseri, ABalis, BBanerjee, DBanoo, ZBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarlou, MBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBarreto, LBartels, CBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBattistini, DBatyunya, BBauri, DBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBeattie, CBecht, PBehera, DBelikov, IBell Hechavarria, ADCBellini, FBellwied, RBelokurova, SBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerdnikova, ABergmann, LBesoiu, MGBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, MABhattacharjee, BBianchi, LBianchi, NBielčík, JBielčíková, JBiernat, JBigot, APBilandzic, A2023-12-18The interactions of kaons (K) and antikaons (K¯$$\mathrm {\overline{K}}$$) with few nucleons (N) were studied so far using kaonic atom data and measurements of kaon production and interaction yields in nuclei. Some details of the three-body KNN and K¯$$\mathrm {\overline{K}}$$NN dynamics are still not well understood, mainly due to the overlap with multi-nucleon interactions in nuclei. An alternative method to probe the dynamics of three-body systems with kaons is to study the final state interaction within triplet of particles emitted in pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, which are free from effects due to the presence of bound nucleons. This Letter reports the first femtoscopic study of p–p–K+$$^+$$ and p–p–K-$$^-$$ correlations measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s$$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The analysis shows that the measured p–p–K+$$^+$$ and p–p–K-$$^-$$ correlation functions can be interpreted in terms of pairwise interactions in the triplets, indicating that the dynamics of such systems is dominated by the two-body interactions without significant contributions from three-body effects or bound states.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and accelerators (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/18z0b5zwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt18z0b5zw/qt18z0b5zw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01139-9articleThe European Physical Journal A, vol 59, iss 12298oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3s97g6kt2026-09-17T10:29:27Zqt3s97g6ktA New Approach to Feedback for Robust Signaling GradientsKushner, TSimonyan, AWan, FYM2014-07-01The patterning of many developing tissues is orchestrated by gradients of morphogens through a variety of elaborate regulatory interactions. Such interactions are thought to make gradients robust, that is, resistant to changes induced by genetic or environmental perturbations; but just how this might be done is a major unanswered question. Recently extensive numerical simulations suggest that robustness of signaling gradients cannot be attained by negative feedback (of the Hill's function type) on signaling receptors but can be achieved through binding with nonsignaling receptors (or nonreceptors for short) such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans with the resulting complexes degrading after endocytosis. These were followed by a number of analytical and numerical studies in support of the aforementioned observations. However, evidence of feedback regulating signaling gradients has been reported in literature. The present paper undertakes a different approach to the role of feedback in robust signaling gradients. The overall goal of the project is to investigate the effectiveness of feedback mechanisms on ligand synthesis, receptor synthesis, nonreceptor synthesis, and other regulatory processes in the morphogen gradient system. As a first step, we embark herein a proof-of-concept examination of a new spatially uniform feedback process that is distinctly different from the conventional spatially nonuniform Hill function approach.4901 Applied Mathematics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)0102 Applied Mathematics (for)Mathematical Physics (science-metrix)4901 Applied mathematics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s97g6ktinfo:doi/10.1111/sapm.12041multimediaStudies in Applied Mathematics, vol 133, iss 118 - 51oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5fc2k9r22026-09-17T10:29:22Zqt5fc2k9r2Shapes and vorticities of superfluid helium nanodropletsGomez, Luis FFerguson, Ken RCryan, James PBacellar, CamilaTanyag, Rico Mayro PJones, CurtisSchorb, SebastianAnielski, DenisBelkacem, AliBernando, CharlesBoll, RebeccaBozek, JohnCarron, SebastianChen, GangDelmas, TjarkEnglert, LarsEpp, Sascha WErk, BenjaminFoucar, LutzHartmann, RobertHexemer, AlexanderHuth, MartinKwok, JustinLeone, Stephen RMa, Jonathan HSMaia, Filipe RNCMalmerberg, ErikMarchesini, StefanoNeumark, Daniel MPoon, BillyPrell, JamesRolles, DanielRudek, BenediktRudenko, ArtemSeifrid, MartinSiefermann, Katrin RSturm, Felix PSwiggers, MicheleUllrich, JoachimWeise, FabianZwart, PetrusBostedt, ChristophGessner, OliverVilesov, Andrey F2014-08-22Helium nanodroplets are considered ideal model systems to explore quantum hydrodynamics in self-contained, isolated superfluids. However, exploring the dynamic properties of individual droplets is experimentally challenging. In this work, we used single-shot femtosecond x-ray coherent diffractive imaging to investigate the rotation of single, isolated superfluid helium-4 droplets containing ~10(8) to 10(11) atoms. The formation of quantum vortex lattices inside the droplets is confirmed by observing characteristic Bragg patterns from xenon clusters trapped in the vortex cores. The vortex densities are up to five orders of magnitude larger than those observed in bulk liquid helium. The droplets exhibit large centrifugal deformations but retain axially symmetric shapes at angular velocities well beyond the stability range of viscous classical droplets.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)5102 AtomicMolecular and Optical Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fc2k9r2https://escholarship.org/content/qt5fc2k9r2/qt5fc2k9r2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/science.1252395articleScience, vol 345, iss 6199906 - 909oai_dc::500:565361:eyJmaXJzdCI6NTAwLCJiZWZvcmUiOiIyMDI2LTA5LTE4VDAxOjMzOjEwKzAwOjAwIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIyMDExLTAzLTE4VDE0OjMyOjQyKzAwOjAwIiwiaW5jbHVkZSI6WyJQVUJMSVNIRUQiLCJFTUJBUkdPRUQiXSwib3JkZXIiOiJVUERBVEVEX0RFU0MiLCJsYXN0SUQiOiJxdDVmYzJrOXIyIiwibGFzdERhdGUiOiIyMDI2LTA5LTE3VDEwOjI5OjIyKzAwOjAwIn0