2026-05-01T14:14:09Zhttps://escholarship.org/oaioai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5418w4182026-05-01T00:13:09Zqt5418w418Physical signatures of fermion-coupled axion dark matterBerlin, AsherMillar, Alexander JTrickle, TannerZhou, Kevin2024-01-01In the presence of axion dark matter, fermion spins experience an “axion wind” torque and an “axioelectric” force. We investigate new experimental probes of these effects and find that magnetized analogs of multilayer dielectric haloscopes can explore orders of magnitude of new parameter space for the axion-electron coupling. We also revisit the calculation of axion absorption into in-medium excitations, showing that axioelectric absorption is screened in spin-polarized targets, and axion wind absorption can be characterized in terms of a magnetic energy loss function. Finally, our detailed theoretical treatment allows us to critically examine recent claims in the literature. We find that axioelectric corrections to electronic energy levels are smaller than previously estimated and that the purported electron electric dipole moment due to a constant axion field is entirely spurious.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Axions and ALPsNew Light Particles0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5418w418https://escholarship.org/content/qt5418w418/qt5418w418.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep05(2024)314articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2024, iss 5314oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt82p9x3fv2026-05-01T00:13:05Zqt82p9x3fvPonderomotive effects of ultralight dark matterZhou, Kevin2025-01-01I exhibit a new class of quadratic effects of ultralight dark matter. Axions, dark photons, and dilatons can exert rapidly oscillating forces, torques, and mass shifts on Standard Model particles. These effects average to zero at first order, but shift particle properties at second order, in analogy to the ponderomotive force in optics. Remarkably, these effects scale with the square of the amplitude of the dark matter field, even when the field’s direct physical effects depend only on its derivatives. I calculate the resulting observables in electron ge – 2 experiments using classical mechanics, recovering results previously derived using field theory. When considered properly, these particular experiments do not beat astrophysical bounds, but other precision experiments may have interesting sensitivity.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Axions and ALPsNew Light Particles0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/82p9x3fvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt82p9x3fv/qt82p9x3fv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep05(2025)134articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2025, iss 5134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3b00s67r2026-05-01T00:12:59Zqt3b00s67rModeling optical systematics for the Taurus CMB experimentAdler, Alexandre EAustermann, Jason EBenton, Steven JDuff, Shannon MFilippini, Jeffrey PFraisse, Aurelien AGascard, ThomasGibbs, Sho MGourapura, SurenHubmayr, JohannesGudmundsson, Jon EJones, William CMay, Jared LNagy, Johanna MOkun, KatePadilla, IvanRooney, ChristopherTartakovsky, SimonVissers, Michael R2024-09-01We simulate a variety of optical systematics for Taurus, a balloon-borne cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarisation experiment, to assess their impact on large-scale E-mode polarisation measurements and constraints of the optical depth to reionisation τ. We model a one-month flight of Taurus from Wanaka, New Zealand aboard a super-pressure balloon (SPB). We simulate night-time scans of both the CMB and dust foregrounds in the 150 GHz band, one of Taurus's four observing bands. We consider a variety of possible systematics that may affect Taurus's observations, including non-gaussian beams, pointing reconstruction error, and half-wave plate (HWP) non-idealities. For each of these, we evaluate the residual power in the difference between maps simulated with and without the systematic, and compare this to the expected signal level corresponding to Taurus's science goals. Our results indicate that most of the HWP-related systematics can be mitigated to be smaller than sample variance by calibrating with Planck's TT spectrum and using an achromatic HWP model, with a preference for five layers of sapphire to ensure good systematic control. However, additional beam characterization will be required to mitigate far-sidelobe pickup from dust on larger scales.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMBR experimentsCMBR polarisationreionization0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b00s67rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3b00s67r/qt3b00s67r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/09/061articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2024, iss 09061oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3r5591nf2026-05-01T00:12:48Zqt3r5591nfObservable optimization for precision theory: machine learning energy correlatorsBhattacharya, ArindamFraser, KatherineSchwartz, Matthew D2026-01-22The practice of collider physics typically involves the marginalization of multi-dimensional collider data to uni-dimensional observables relevant for some physics task. In many cases, such as classification or anomaly detection, the observable can be arbitrarily complicated, such as the output of a neural network. However, for precision measurements, the observable must correspond to something computable systematically beyond the level of current simulation tools. In this work, we demonstrate that precision-theory-compatible observable space exploration can be systematized by using neural simulation-based inference techniques from machine learning. We illustrate this approach by exploring the space of marginalizations of the energy 3-point correlator to optimize sensitivity to the top quark mass. We first learn the energy-weighted probability density from simulation, then search in the space of marginalizations for an optimal triangle shape. Although simulations and machine learning are used in the process of observable optimization, the output is an observable definition which can be then computed to high precision and compared directly to data without any memory of the computations which produced it. We find that the optimal marginalization is isosceles triangles on the sphere with a side ratio approximately 1:1:2$$ 1:1:\sqrt{2} $$ (i.e. right triangles) within the set of marginalizations we consider.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r5591nfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3r5591nf/qt3r5591nf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep01(2026)151articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2026, iss 1151oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7509b88c2026-05-01T00:12:44Zqt7509b88cImproved nuclear-structure corrections to the hyperfine splitting of electronic and muonic deuteriumBonilla, JoseRichardson, Thomas RBacca, SoniaJi, ChenPlatter, Lucas2026-03-01We calculate the nuclear-structure correction to the hyperfine splitting in both electronic and muonic deuterium using interactions from chiral effective field theory. We explore the sensitivity to different parameterizations of the nucleon-nucleon force, study the convergence pattern in the order-by-order chiral expansion, and estimate remaining uncertainties. Our results are consistent with earlier calculations from pionless effective field theory, offering new insights for a robust uncertainty quantification. Thanks to the order-of-magnitude reduction in uncertainty achieved with chiral effective field theory, the two-photon exchange contribution in electronic deuterium agrees with experimental extractions within 0.5σ, in contrast to the 2.6σ discrepancy observed in muonic deuterium. This study lays the groundwork for extending TPE calculations to HFS in heavier atomic systems.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hyperfine splittingNuclear-structure correctionsChiral effective field theoryTwo-photon exchange0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7509b88chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7509b88c/qt7509b88c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140257articlePhysics Letters B, vol 874140257oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0sf0v6582026-05-01T00:12:40Zqt0sf0v658Lepton flavor violation: From muon decays to muon collidersAsadi, PouyaBagherian, HengamehFraser, KatherineHomiller, SamuelLu, Qianshu2026-01-01We investigate the unique potential of a high-energy muon collider to probe lepton-flavor-violating signals arising from physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Low-energy, precision searches for charged lepton flavor violation (LFV) are projected to dramatically improve their sensitivity in the coming years and could provide the first evidence of new physics. We interpret the sensitivity of these searches in terms of a set of LFV operators in the SM effective field theory. The same operators are then probed at the TeV scale via new, high-energy processes only available at a high-energy muon collider, such as or the scattering of a muon of an electroweak gauge boson into LFV final states. We find that, for most operators, a muon collider could confirm signals if they are seen at future low-energy experiments, whereas for certain flavor combinations it extends the reach to scales well beyond those accessible at lower energies. We also project the sensitivity of a muon collider to lepton-flavor-violating decays of the SM Higgs boson and demonstrate improved sensitivity to and by an order of magnitude compared to the High-Luminosity LHC. The importance of having multiple, complementary probes is illustrated by considering both various combinations of operators and relative sizes of flavor-violating transitions between generations under various assumptions for the flavor structure of new physics.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sf0v658https://escholarship.org/content/qt0sf0v658/qt0sf0v658.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/bg4z-dmgbarticlePhysical Review D, vol 113, iss 1015003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4cc2q2072026-05-01T00:12:35Zqt4cc2q207Strong CP violation and large-Nc spin-flavor symmetryRichardson, Thomas R2025-11-01We revisit the contribution of the QCD term to the -violating pion-nucleon couplings and the nucleon electric dipole moment in a combined large- and chiral perturbation theory framework. In particular, we approach this issue through the emergent spin-flavor symmetry of the baryon sector at large but finite . We obtain good agreement with previous analyses for the pion-nucleon couplings and show that the large- framework indicates that tree-level contributions to the electric dipole moment possibly play a dominant role. The spin-flavor symmetry also enables us to provide novel constraints on -violating pion- couplings, as well as the electric dipole moment and transition moment.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cc2q207https://escholarship.org/content/qt4cc2q207/qt4cc2q207.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/1jb4-tqpnarticlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 9095045oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7r36d9882026-05-01T00:12:31Zqt7r36d988Toward the determination of CP-odd pion-nucleon couplingsBhattacharya, ShohiniFuyuto, KaoriMereghetti, EmanueleRichardson, Thomas R2025-08-01The nucleon matrix elements (NMEs) associated with quark chromomagnetic dipole moments (cMDMs) play a crucial role in determining the -odd pion-nucleon couplings induced by quark chromoelectric dipole moments. In recent years, it has been argued that the NMEs of cMDMs can be related to the third moment of the nucleon's higher-twist (specifically, twist-3) parton distribution function (PDF) , which can, in principle, be measured through dihadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes. By applying the spin-flavor expansion to the cMDM operators in the large- limit, where is the number of quark colors, we show that the NMEs receive contributions not only from the twist-3 PDF but also from an additional, previously neglected nucleon form factor. Incorporating constraints from the spin-flavor expansion, recent experimental data on , as well as model calculations of , we estimate the NMEs of the cMDM operators. Our analysis indicates that the NMEs are dominated by the nucleon form factors, and the cMDM contributions to pion-nucleon couplings can be comparable to those from the quark sigma terms.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r36d988https://escholarship.org/content/qt7r36d988/qt7r36d988.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/fhm8-flsgarticlePhysical Review C, vol 112, iss 2025501oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5q25028f2026-05-01T00:12:27Zqt5q25028fThe role of intermediate ΔΔ states in nucleon–nucleon scattering in the large-Nc and unitary limits, and ΔΔ and ΩΩ scatteringRichardson, Thomas RSchindler, Matthias RSpringer, Roxanne P2025-08-31We explore potential explanations for why using large-Nc (Nc is the number of colors) scaling to determine the relative size of few-nucleon low-energy operators agrees with experiment even when dynamical Δ’s are not explicitly included. Given that the large-Nc analysis is predicated on the nucleons and Δ’s being degenerate, this is a curious result. We show that for purely S-wave interactions the relationships dictated by large-Nc scaling are unaffected whether the Δ is included or not. In the case of higher partial waves that do not mix with S-waves, the impact of the Δ is perturbative, which makes the agreement with naive (Δ-less) large-Nc ordering unsurprising. For higher partial waves that mix with S-waves, the nucleon and Δ would need to decouple to get agreement with naive large-Nc ordering. We find all NN, ΔN, and ΔΔ low energy coefficients for leading-order baryon–baryon scattering in Δ-full pionless effective field theory in terms of the two independent parameters dictated by the SU(2F) spin-flavor symmetry that arises in the Nc → ∞ limit. Because of recent lattice quantum chromodynamics results and experimental interest, we extend our analysis to the three-flavor case to study ΩΩ scattering. We show that in the unitary limit (where scattering lengths become infinite) one of the two SU(2F) parameters is driven to zero, resulting in enhanced symmetries, which agree with those found in spin-1/2 entanglement studies.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)large-N-c QCDeffective field theorieseffective field theoriesnucleon-nucleon scattering0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q25028fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5q25028f/qt5q25028f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6471/adeda8articleJournal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics, vol 52, iss 8085101oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2p26m3xs2026-05-01T00:12:23Zqt2p26m3xsRenormalization group analysis of electromagnetic properties of the deuteronRichardson, Thomas RReis, Immo C2025-06-01The role of radiative corrections in low-energy nuclear physics is beginning to receive more scrutiny. We examine the impact of these corrections for the deuteron charge form factor and the radiative capture process np→dγ through the velocity renormalization group. In both cases, we find percent-level shifts in the relevant observables after evolving the subtraction velocity to the typical velocity of nucleons in the bound state. This suggests that electromagnetic corrections constitute a non-negligible source of uncertainty in existing few-body calculations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p26m3xshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2p26m3xs/qt2p26m3xs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/r2nc-cy7rarticlePhysical Review C, vol 111, iss 6064001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6fk026vt2026-05-01T00:12:18Zqt6fk026vtSocial media use, smoking expectancies, and nicotine experimentation in early adolescents: A prospective cohort studyNagata, Jason MCaffrey, AndrewHeuer, AlexanderMurillo, Keira BeltranHelmer, Christiane KFrimpong, IsaacRicklefs, ColbeyAl‐Shoaibi, Abubakr ATesta, AlexanderBrindis, Claire DSantos, Glenn‐MiloBaker, Fiona C2026-02-10BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social media exposure may influence early nicotine experimentation, a behavior linked to later nicotine dependence and health risks. Few studies have examined the role of smoking expectancies (i.e., beliefs about the anticipated positive or negative effects of nicotine) as a pathway underlying this association, especially in early adolescence. The objective of this study is to examine the prospective association between social media use and nicotine experimentation in early adolescence, and whether smoking expectancies mediate this relationship.
METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 8292; mean age 12.0 years at Year 2; 2018-2020), we estimated associations between social media time (Year 2) and nicotine experimentation (Year 4), adjusting for confounders and testing positive and negative smoking expectancies (Year 3) as mediators using generalized structural equation modeling.
RESULTS: Social media time at Year 2 was associated with nicotine experimentation at Year 4. Positive smoking expectancies (but not negative expectancies) were associated with nicotine experimentation. Positive smoking expectancies mediated 5.97% (95% CI: 1.27%-10.67%, p = .013) of the social media-nicotine experimentation association.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Early social media exposure may be associated with favorable beliefs about nicotine, increasing adolescents' risk of experimentation. Regulatory policies, clinical screening, and prevention programs could mitigate early nicotine use. Future research should explore how these relationships evolve across adolescence.
SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: This study advances understanding of how social media use contributes to early nicotine experimentation in adolescents by identifying positive smoking expectancies as a potential pathway.52 Psychology (for-2020)5203 Clinical and Health Psychology (for-2020)5201 Applied and Developmental Psychology (for-2020)Tobacco Smoke and Health (rcdc)Tobacco (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)1701 Psychology (for)Substance Abuse (science-metrix)5201 Applied and developmental psychology (for-2020)5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fk026vthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6fk026vt/qt6fk026vt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/ajad.70135articleAmerican Journal on Addictionsoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt41p3n0zj2026-05-01T00:12:14Zqt41p3n0zjCannabis expectancies mediate the association between social media use and cannabis experimentation in early adolescents: A prospective cohort studyNagata, Jason MCaffrey, AndrewNguyen, Nathan DNayak, SahanaFrimpong, IsaacHelmer, Christiane KRicklefs, ColbeyAl-Shoaibi, Abubakr ATesta, AlexanderBrindis, Claire DSantos, Glenn-MiloBaker, Fiona C2025-12-01BACKGROUND: Social media exposure may influence early cannabis use behaviors in adolescents, potentially increasing the risk of future problematic use. Minimal prior research has investigated the role of cannabis expectancies (i.e., beliefs about the anticipated positive or negative effects of cannabis) and their role in mediating cannabis use initiation in early adolescence.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prospective association between social media use and cannabis experimentation in a diverse U.S. sample of early adolescents, and to determine the extent to which cannabis expectancies mediate this relationship.
METHODS: We utilized longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 7691, mean age 12.0 at Year 2 follow-up, 2018-2020) to estimate associations between daily social media time (Year 2) and cannabis use outcomes (Year 4) using sequential modeling approaches, adjusting for confounders including friends' cannabis use, and testing cannabis expectancies (Year 3) as a mediator.
RESULTS: Social media time (Year 2) was significantly associated with cannabis experimentation (Year 4) (B = 0.18, 95 % CI: 0.13-0.24, p < 0.001). At Year 3, positive cannabis expectancies predicted higher likelihood of experimentation one year later, while negative expectancies predicted lower likelihood. Positive cannabis expectancies mediated 19.8 % and negative cannabis expectancies mediated 13.6 % of the social media-cannabis use association.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the association between social media exposure on cannabis use and the mediating role of expectancies for adolescents, future research may explore interventions that limit both social media time and address expectancies to prevent early initiation of cannabis use.3213 Paediatrics (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Cannabinoid Research (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)2.3 Psychologicalsocial and economic factors (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Humans (mesh)Social Media (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Marijuana Use (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Child (mesh)Adolescent Behavior (mesh)Marijuana Smoking (mesh)Social mediaCannabisMarijuanaAdolescentSubstance useYouthScreen timeHumans (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Adolescent Behavior (mesh)Marijuana Smoking (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Child (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Social Media (mesh)Marijuana Use (mesh)AdolescentCannabisMarijuanaScreen timeSocial mediaSubstance useYouthHumans (mesh)Social Media (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Marijuana Use (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Child (mesh)Adolescent Behavior (mesh)Marijuana Smoking (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Substance Abuse (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences (for-2020)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/41p3n0zjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt41p3n0zj/qt41p3n0zj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112947articleDrug and Alcohol Dependence, vol 277112947oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt59n6c5602026-05-01T00:12:11Zqt59n6c560Superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmon: A qubit-based sensor for meV-scale phonons and single terahertz photonsFink, CWSalemi, CPYoung, BASchuster, DIKurinsky, NA2024-11-01With great interest from the quantum computing community, an immense amount of R&D effort has been invested into improving superconducting qubits. The technologies developed for the design and fabrication of these qubits can be directly applied to applications for ultralow-threshold particle detectors, e.g., low-mass dark matter and far-infrared photon sensing. We propose a novel energy-resolving sensor based on the transmon qubit architecture combined with a signal-enhancing superconducting quasiparticle amplification stage. We refer to these sensors as SQUATs: superconducting quasiparticle-amplifying transmons. We detail the operating principle and design of this new sensor and predict that, with minimal R&D effort, solid-state-based detectors patterned with these sensors can achieve sensitivity to single terahertz photons, and sensitivity to phonons in the detector absorber substrate on the microsecond timescale. Published by the American Physical Society 202440 Engineering (for-2020)4009 ElectronicsSensors and Digital Hardware (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/59n6c560https://escholarship.org/content/qt59n6c560/qt59n6c560.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevapplied.22.054009articlePhysical Review Applied, vol 22, iss 5054009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9qr8d32z2026-05-01T00:11:54Zqt9qr8d32zDistributed Fiber Optic Sensing to Identify Locations of Resistive Transitions in REBCO Conductors and MagnetsLuo, LinqingFerracin, PaoloStern, Jillianvan der Laan, DankoWang, XiaorongWeiss, JeremyWu, Yuxin2022-01-01High-temperature superconductors such as REBa2Cu3O7-x (REBCO, RE rare earth) can generate strong magnetic fields that are promising for applications in particle accelerators and compact fusion reactors. Traditionally, voltage taps are installed in superconducting magnets to measure the voltage signals due to resistive transitions. The voltage-tap-based diagnostics is important for the development of magnet technology as it can help pinpoint the locations in the magnet windings that limit the magnet performance. The architecture of the multi-tape REBCO cable such as CORC wires, however, makes it difficult to apply the voltage-tap-based diagnostics to identify the locations of resistive transitions. Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) has the potential to address this issue. In this paper, we report the measurements of thermal strain along a CORC wire based on optical frequency domain reflectometry with a maximum spatial resolution of 0.65 mm and a temporal resolution of 10 Hz. The optical fiber is co-wound with the CORC wire that is epoxy impregnated. During the test, current was increased until a resistive transition occurred in the conductor. The spectrum shift of the reflected light along the fiber was recorded. The results suggested that with proper thermal isolation from the cryogen, DFOS can be used to identify the locations of resistive transitions in CORC wires and magnets. The results will allow a better understanding of the causes of resistive transitions in REBCO conductors and magnets, which will help improve the REBCO magnet technology.40 Engineering (for-2020)4009 ElectronicsSensors and Digital Hardware (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Optical fibersWiresSuperconducting magnetsOptical fiber sensorsMagnetic domainsOptical fiber cablesTemperature measurementDefects localizationdistributed fiber optic sensinghigh-temperature superconductorREBCO cableresistive transitions0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qr8d32zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9qr8d32z/qt9qr8d32z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2022.3159507articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 32, iss 61 - 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt74q7w0bc2026-05-01T00:11:44Zqt74q7w0bcDevelopment and performance of a 2.9 Tesla dipole magnet using high-temperature superconducting CORC wiresWang, XiaorongAbraimov, DmytroArbelaez, DiegoBogdanof, Timothy JBrouwer, LucasCaspi, ShlomoDietderich, Daniel RDiMarco, JosephFrancis, AshleighFajardo, Laura GarciaGhiorso, William BGourlay, Stephen AHigley, Hugh CMarchevsky, MaximMaruszewski, Maxwell AMyers, Cory SPrestemon, Soren OShen, TengmingTaylor, JordanTeyber, ReedTurqueti, Marcosvan der Laan, DankoWeiss, Jeremy D2021-01-01Although the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) REBa2Cu3Ox (REBCO, RErare earth elements) material has a strong potential to enable dipole magnetic fields above 20 T in future circular particle colliders, the magnet and conductor technology needs to be developed. As part of an ongoing development to address this need, here we report on our CORC canted cos magnet called C2 with a target dipole field of 3 T in a 65 mm aperture. The magnet was wound with 70 m of 3.8 mm diameter CORC wire on machined metal mandrels. The wire had 30 commercial REBCO tapes from SuperPower Inc. each 2 mm wide with a 30 m thick substrate. The magnet generated a peak dipole field of 2.91 T at 6.290 kA, 4.2 K. The magnet could be consistently driven into the flux-flow regime with reproducible voltage rise at an engineering current density between 400550 A mm2, allowing reliable quench detection and magnet protection. The C2 magnet represents another successful step towards the development of high-field accelerator magnet and CORC conductor technologies. The test results highlighted two development needs: continue improving the performance and flexibility of CORC wires and develop the capability to identify locations of first onset of flux-flow voltage.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)REBCOdipole accelerator magnetCORC� Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/74q7w0bchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt74q7w0bc/qt74q7w0bc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6668/abc2a5articleSuperconductor Science and Technology, vol 34, iss 1015012oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qc1f9j02026-05-01T00:11:32Zqt7qc1f9j0Field Quality of HD3—A Nb$_3$Sn Dipole Magnet Based on Block DesignWang, XiaorongCheng, Daniel WDietderich, Daniel RDiMarco, JosephFelice, HeleneFerracin, PaoloMarchevsky, MaximPrestemon, Soren OSabbi, Gianluca2019-01-01HD3 is the latest magnet of a series of block-type Nb3Sn dipole model magnets developed by the Superconducting Magnet Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The magnet is 1 m long with a clear aperture of 43 mm. As a model magnet designed with accelerator-quality features, each coil has flared ends to provide a clear bore for a beam tube. The magnet design was also optimized to minimize the geometric and saturation field errors. In 2013, HD3b reached a peak dipole field of 13.4 T at 4.4 K. As part of the magnet test, we measured field quality using rotating coils with lengths of 26 and 130 mm developed by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Here, we report and analyze the measured static and dynamic field errors. We discuss the insight provided by the field quality study of HD3, which can be useful for the development of high-field block-type dipole magnets for next-generation circular colliders.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Nb3Sn dipole magnetsblock-type designfield quality0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qc1f9j0https://escholarship.org/content/qt7qc1f9j0/qt7qc1f9j0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2897138articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 7oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6fb9v14s2026-05-01T00:11:28Zqt6fb9v14sField Quality Measurement of a 4.2-m-Long Prototype Low-$\beta$ Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnet During the Assembly Stage for the High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade ProjectWang, XiaorongAmbrosio, Giorgio FCheng, Daniel WChlachidze, GuramDiMarco, JosephGhiorso, WilliamHernikl, ChristopherLipton, Thomas MMyers, ScottPan, HengPrestemon, Soren OSabbi, GianLuca2019-01-01The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project, in collaboration with CERN, is developing Nb$_3$Sn quadrupole magnets (MQXFA) to be installed at the interaction region of the LHC. The project will deliver 20 MQXFA magnets in 10 cold masses. These magnets need to meet the stringent requirements on field quality at the nominal operating current. Compared to the mature NbTi accelerator magnet technology, achieving excellent field quality can be challenging for Nb$_3$Sn magnets. To help track, understand, and allow effective correction of geometric field errors, field quality measurements at room temperature during the MQXFA assembly stage was planned for the project. The measurements also intend to evaluate the magnetic axis and twist angle along the magnet aperture. We report the first measurement on a prototype MQXFA magnet using a recently developed measurement system. The magnetic axis and twist angle met the acceptance criteria. Further development needs for the room-temperature measurements were discussed. We expect that statistics obtained from such measurements throughout the project will provide insight into future applications of high-performance Nb$_3$Sn accelerator magnets.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Nb3Sn accelerator magnetsfield qualityHigh-Luminosity LHC Upgrade Project0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fb9v14shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6fb9v14s/qt6fb9v14s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2892119articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5nt2c3rf2026-05-01T00:11:25Zqt5nt2c3rfEngineering current density over 5 kA mm−2 at 4.2 K, 14 T in thick film REBCO tapesMajkic, GoranPratap, RudraXu, AixiaGalstyan, EduardHigley, Hugh CPrestemon, Soren OWang, XiaorongAbraimov, DmytroJaroszynski, JanSelvamanickam, Venkat2018-10-01We report on remarkably high in-field performance at 4.2 K achieved in >4 μm thick rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) samples with Zr addition. Two different samples have been measured independently at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, achieving critical current densities (J c ) of 12.21 MA cm−2 and 12.32 MA cm−2 at 4.2 K, 14 T (), respectively, which corresponds to equivalent critical current (I c ) values of 2247 and 2119 A/4 mm. These I c values are about two times higher than the best reported performance of REBCO tapes to date and more than five times higher than the commercial HTS tapes reported in a recent study. The measured J c values, with a pinning force of ~1.7 T N m−3 are almost identical to the highest value reported for thin (~1 μm thick) REBCO at the field and temperature, but extended to very thick (>4 μm) films. This results in an engineering current density (J e ) above 5 kA mm−2 at 4.2 K, 14 T, which is more than five times higher than Nb3Sn and nearly four times higher than the highest reported value of all superconductors other than REBCO at this field and temperature. The reported results have been achieved by utilizing an advanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition system. This study demonstrates the remarkable level of in-field performance achievable with REBCO conductors at 4.2 K and strong potential for high-field magnet applications.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)HTSYBCOcoated conductor0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nt2c3rfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5nt2c3rf/qt5nt2c3rf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6668/aad844articleSuperconductor Science and Technology, vol 31, iss 1010lt01oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1n1690zv2026-05-01T00:11:21Zqt1n1690zvProgress on HL-LHC Nb3Sn MagnetsTodesco, EzioAnnarella, MAmbrosio, GiorgioApollinari, GiorgioBallarino, AmaliaBajas, HBajko, MartaBordini, BernardoBossert, RBottura, LucaCavanna, ECheng, DChlachidze, GDe Rijk, GijsDiMarco, JFerracin, PaoloFleiter, JeromeGuinchard, MHafalia, AHolik, EBermudez, S IzquierdoLackner, FMarchevsky, MLoeffler, CNobrega, APerez, Juan CarlosPrestemon, SorenRavaioli, ERossi, LucioSabbi, GianLucaSalmi, TSavary, FredericSchmalzle, JStoynev, SStrauss, TTartaglia, MVallone, GiorgioVelev, GueorguiWanderer, PeterWang, XWillering, GerardYu, M2018-01-01The high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project aims at allowing to increase the collisions in the LHC by a factor of ten in the decade 2025-2035. One essential element is the superconducting magnet around the interaction region points, where the large aperture magnets will be installed to allow to further reduce the beam size in the interaction point. The core of this upgrade is the Nb3Sn triplet, made up of 150-mm aperture quadrupoles in the range of 7-8 m. The project is being shared between the European Organization for Nuclear Research and the US Accelerator Upgrade Program, based on the same design, and on the two strand technologies. The project is ending the short model phase, and entering the prototype construction. We will report on the main results of the short model program, including the quench performance and field quality. A second important element is the 11 T dipole that replaces a standard dipole making space for additional collimators. The magnet is also ending the model development and entering the prototype phase. A critical point in the design of this magnet is the large current density, allowing increase of the field from 8 to 11 T with the same coil cross section as in the LHC dipoles. This is also the first two-in-one Nb3Sn magnet developed so far. We will report the main results on the test and the critical aspects.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Superconducting magnetsniobium-tintype II superconductorssuperconducting coils0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n1690zvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1n1690zv/qt1n1690zv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2018.2830703articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 28, iss 41 - 9oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9fz7k7512026-05-01T00:11:17Zqt9fz7k751Summary of Test Results of MQXFS1—The First Short Model 150 mm Aperture Nb3Sn Quadrupole for the High-Luminosity LHC UpgradeStoynev, StoyanAmbrosio, GiorgioAnerella, MichaelBossert, RodgerCavanna, EugenioCheng, DanielDietderich, DanielDiMarco, JosephFelice, HeleneFerracin, PaoloChlachidze, GuramGhosh, ArupGrosclaude, PhilippeGuinchard, MichaelHafalia, ARHolik, Eddie FrankBermudez, Susana IzquierdoKrave, StevenMarchevsky, MaximNobrega, AlfredOrris, DarrylPan, HengPerez, Juan CarlosPrestemon, SorenRavaioli, EmmanueleSabbi, GianLucaSalmi, TiinaSchmalzle, JesseStrauss, ThomasSylvester, CosmoreTartaglia, MichaelTodesco, EzioVallone, GiorgioVelev, GueorguiWanderer, PeterWang, XiaorongYu, Miao2018-01-01The development of Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade is a joint venture between the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP)* and CERN with the goal of fabricating large aperture quadrupoles for the LHC interaction regions (IR). The inner triplet (low-β) NbTi quadrupoles in the IR will be replaced by the stronger Nb3Sn magnets boosting the LHC program of having 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity after the foreseen upgrades. Previously, LARP conducted successful tests of short and long models with up to 120 mm aperture. The first short 150 mm aperture quadrupole model MQXFS1 was assembled with coils fabricated by both CERN and LARP. The magnet demonstrated a strong performance at Fermilab's vertical magnet test facility reaching the LHC operating limits. This paper reports the latest results from MQXFS1 tests with changed prestress levels. The overall magnet performance, including quench training and memory, ramp rate, and temperature dependence, is also summarized.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC)interaction regionslow-beta quadrupolesNb3Sn magnets0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fz7k751https://escholarship.org/content/qt9fz7k751/qt9fz7k751.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2017.2782664articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 28, iss 31 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5s8518qb2026-05-01T00:11:12Zqt5s8518qbMagnetic Measurements of the First Nb3Sn Model Quadrupole (MQXFS) for the High-Luminosity LHCDiMarco, JAmbrosio, GChlachidze, GFerracin, PHolik, ESabbi, GStoynev, SStrauss, TSylvester, CTartaglia, MTodesco, EVelev, GWang, X2017-01-01The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and CERN are developing high-gradient Nb3Sn magnets for the high luminosity LHC interaction regions. Magnetic measurements of the first 1.5-m long, 150-mm aperture model quadrupole, MQXFS1, were performed during magnet assembly at LBNL, as well as during cryogenic testing at Fermilab's Vertical Magnet Test Facility. This paper reports on the results of these magnetic characterization measurements, as well as on the performance of new probes developed for the tests.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)High luminosity LHCfield qualitymagnetic measurementshigh field Nb3Sn magnet0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s8518qbinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2016.2638460articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 27, iss 41 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4n15p9bw2026-05-01T00:11:08Zqt4n15p9bwPerformance of the First Short Model 150-mm-Aperture Nb3Sn Quadrupole MQXFS for the High-Luminosity LHC UpgradeChlachidze, GuramAmbrosio, GiorgioAnerella, MichaelBossert, RodgerCavanna, EugenioCheng, Daniel WDietderich, Daniel RDiMarco, JosephFelice, HeleneFerracin, PaoloGhosh, Arup KGrosclaude, PhilippeGuinchard, MichaelHafalia, ARHolik, Eddie FrankBermudez, Susana IzquierdoKrave, Steven TMarchevsky, MaximNobrega, AlfredOrris, DarrylPan, HengPerez, Juan CarlosPrestemon, SorenRavaioli, EmmanueleSabbi, GianLucaSalmi, TiinaSchmalzle, JesseStoynev, Stoyan EmiloveStrauss, ThomasSylvester, CosmoreTartaglia, MichaelTodesco, EzioVallone, GiorgioVelev, GueorguiWanderer, PeterWang, XiaorongYu, Miao2017-06-01The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and CERN combined their efforts in developing Nb3Sn magnets for the high-luminosity LHC upgrade. The ultimate goal of this collaboration is to fabricate large aperture Nb3Sn quadrupoles for the LHC interaction regions. These magnets will replace the present 70-mm-aperture NbTi quadrupole triplets for expected increase of the LHC peak luminosity up to 5 × 1034 cm -2s-1 or more. Over the past decade, LARP successfully fabricated and tested short and long models of 90 and 120-mm-aperture Nb3Sn quadrupoles. Recently, the first short model of 150-mm-diameter quadrupole MQXFS was built with coils fabricated both by LARP and CERN. The magnet performance was tested at Fermilab's vertical magnet test facility. This paper reports the test results, including the quench training at 1.9 K, ramp rate and temperature dependence, as well as protection heater studies.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n15p9bwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4n15p9bw/qt4n15p9bw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2016.2629001articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 27, iss 41 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2v20h1xw2026-05-01T00:11:04Zqt2v20h1xwCanted–Cosine–Theta Magnet (CCT)—A Concept for High Field Accelerator MagnetsCaspi, SBorgnolutti, FBrouwer, LCheng, DDietderich, DRFelice, HGodeke, AHafalia, RMartchevskii, MPrestemon, SRochepault, ESwenson, CWang, X2014-01-01Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) magnet is an accelerator magnet that superposes fields of nested and tilted solenoids that are oppositely canted. The current distribution of any canted layer generates a pure harmonic field as well as a solenoid field that can be cancelled with a similar but oppositely canted layer. The concept places windings within mandrel's ribs and spars that simultaneously intercept and guide Lorentz forces of each turn to prevent stress accumulation. With respect to other designs, the need for pre-stress in this concept is reduced by an order of magnitude making it highly compatible with the use of strain sensitive superconductors such as Nb3Sn or HTS. Intercepting large Lorentz forces is of particular interest in magnets with large bores and high field accelerator magnets like the one foreseen in the future high energy upgrade of the LHC. This paper describes the CCT concept and reports on the construction of CCT1 a “proof of principle” dipole.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Accelerator magnetsCanted-Cosine-Theta magnetCCThigh fieldsuperconducting dipole0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v20h1xwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2v20h1xw/qt2v20h1xw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2013.2284722articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 24, iss 31 - 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0qf4g07n2026-05-01T00:11:00Zqt0qf4g07nDesign Study of a 16-T Block Dipole for FCCSabbi, GianlucaGhini, Jonas BlombergGourlay, Stephen AMarchevsky, MaximRavaioli, EmmanueleKate, Herman tenVerweij, ArjanWang, Xiaorong2016-01-01The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at CERN is investigating the design of a proton-proton collider with a center of mass energy of 100 TeV and a tunnel circumference of 100 km (FCC-hh). Nb3Sn arc dipoles with 50-mm aperture and 16-T operating field are required for this application. Among the possible magnetic layouts, block coils offer attractive features, in terms of conductor packing, separation between high-field and high-stress locations, use of flat cables, and simpler geometries for windings and parts. In order to assess these potential advantages, the HD series of block-coil models was developed at LBNL. These models achieved fields of 15-16 T in technology tests, and 13-14 T in accelerator relevant configurations, with bore diameters of 36-43 mm. In this paper, we discuss the implications of increasing the bore diameter to 50 mm, which is consistent with the latest FCC-hh design targets. A detailed quench protection analysis is performed using the new coupling-loss-based CLIQ system, expanding the safe parameter space with respect to the traditional approach based on quench heaters. Finally, alternative magnet design options, and further studies required to select among them, are outlined.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CLIQNb3Sn accelerator dipoles0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qf4g07ninfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2016.2537538articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 26, iss 31 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0np8m26f2026-05-01T00:10:57Zqt0np8m26fPerformance correlation between YBa2Cu3O7−δ coils and short samples for coil technology developmentWang, XDietderich, DRGodeke, AGourlay, SAMarchevsky, MPrestemon, SOSabbi, GL2016-06-01A robust fabrication technology is critical to achieve the high performance in YBa2Cu3O (YBCO) coils as the critical current of the brittle YBCO layer is subject to the strain-induced degradation during coil fabrication. The expected current-carrying capability of the magnet and its temperature dependence are two key inputs to the coil technology development. However, the expected magnet performance is not straightforward to determine because the short-sample critical current depends on both the amplitude and orientation of the applied magnetic field with respect to the broad surface of the tape-form conductor. In this paper, we present an approach to calculate the self-field performance limit for YBCO racetrack coils at 77 and 4.2 K. Critical current of short YBCO samples was measured as a function of the applied field perpendicular to the conductor surface from 0 to 15 T. This field direction limited the conductor critical current. Two double-layer racetrack coils, one with three turns and the other with 10 turns, were wound and tested at 77 and 4.2 K. The test coils reached at least 80% of the expected critical current. The ratio between the coil critical currents at 77 and 4.2 K agreed well with the calculation. We conclude that the presented approach can determine the performance limit in YBCO racetrack coils based on the short-sample critical current and provide a useful guideline for assessing the coil performance and fabrication technology. The correlation of the coil critical current between 77 K and 4.2 K was also observed, allowing the 77 K test to be a cost-effective tool for the development of coil technology.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5103 Classical Physics (for-2020)YBCOcoil technologyself fieldcritical current0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0np8m26fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0np8m26f/qt0np8m26f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/0953-2048/29/6/065007articleSuperconductor Science and Technology, vol 29, iss 6065007oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8400d5fz2026-05-01T00:07:57Zqt8400d5fzTest Results of the LARP Nb3Sn Quadrupole HQ03aDiMarco, JAmbrosio, GAnerella, MBajas, HChlachidze, GBorgnolutti, FBossert, RCheng, DDietderich, DFelice, HHolik, TPan, HFerracin, PGhosh, AGodeke, AHafalia, ARMarchevsky, MOrris, DRavaioli, ESabbi, GSalmi, TSchmalzle, JStoynev, SStrauss, TSylvester, CTartaglia, MTodesco, EWanderer, PWang, XYu, M2016-06-01The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has been developing Nb3Sn quadrupoles of increasing performance for the high-luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider. The 120-mm aperture high-field quadrupole (HQ) models are the last step in the R&D phase supporting the development of the new IR Quadrupoles (MQXF). Three series of HQ coils were fabricated and assembled in a shell-based support structure, progressively optimizing the design and fabrication process. The final set of coils consistently applied the optimized design solutions and was assembled in the HQ03a model. This paper reports a summary of the HQ03a test results, including training, mechanical performance, field quality, and quench studies.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)High field accelerator magnetsNb3Sn0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8400d5fzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8400d5fz/qt8400d5fz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2016.2528283articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 26, iss 41 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3x6706z62026-05-01T00:07:44Zqt3x6706z6Electromagnetic tomography of radial flow in the quark-gluon plasmaAnonymous2026-02-01We present a novel multimessenger approach to extract the effective radial flow of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by jointly analyzing thermal photon and dilepton spectra in heavy-ion collisions. A key feature of this method is that it circumvents the need for a directly unmeasurable reference-the photon temperature in the absence of flow-by establishing, within a calibrated model framework, a stable, approximately linear correlation with the dilepton-inferred temperature. This construction defines an experimentally constructible quantity, v_{r}^{eff}, which reflects early-time collectivity and exhibits a strong correlation with the spacetime-averaged radial velocity of the QGP. Together with previous results linking dilepton slopes to the initial QGP temperature, our work establishes a consistent framework for electromagnetic tomography of the QGP. Our framework quantifies the experimental precision target, thereby providing a concrete road map for future measurements at RHIC and the LHC and opening a new avenue to probe the early-time dynamics of hot QCD matter.40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x6706z6https://escholarship.org/content/qt3x6706z6/qt3x6706z6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/ptyq-cs9marticlePhysical Review Letters, vol 136, iss 10102301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7nx4s1rs2026-05-01T00:07:40Zqt7nx4s1rsCharacterizing radial flow fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at top RHIC and LHC energiesDu, Lipei2026-01-01This study presents a systematic investigation of the transverse-momentum differential radial flow fluctuations observable in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at top Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( GeV) and Large Hadron Collider ( and 5.02 TeV) energies. Using a multistage hydrodynamic model, this study assesses the sensitivity of to a wide range of physical effects, including bulk and shear viscosities, off-equilibrium corrections at particlization, the presence of a hadronic afterburner, and the nucleon size in the initial conditions. By employing complementary rescaling strategies, this study demonstrates how different physical effects leave distinct imprints on the shape of . A combined double-rescaling of versus reveals a universality across a wide range of energies and model assumptions in the low- regime, a robust signature of collective behavior. This allows us to disentangle the universal dynamics of the bulk medium from model-specific features that emerge at higher . These results establish as a powerful and complementary observable for constraining quark-gluon plasma transport properties and initial-state granularity, offering a unique probe of the created QCD medium.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nx4s1rshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7nx4s1rs/qt7nx4s1rs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/9pvq-ph1carticlePhysical Review C, vol 113, iss 1014901oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt74r400cn2026-05-01T00:07:34Zqt74r400cnThe BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effectAn, XinBluhm, MarcusDu, LipeiDunne, Gerald VElfner, HannahGale, CharlesGrefa, JoaquinHeinz, UlrichHuang, AnpingKarthein, Jamie MKharzeev, Dmitri EKoch, VolkerLiao, JinfengLi, ShiyongMartinez, MauricioMcNelis, MichaelMroczek, DeboraMukherjee, SwagatoNahrgang, MarleneAcuna, Angel R NavaNoronha-Hostler, JacquelynOliinychenko, DmytroParotto, PaoloPortillo, IsraelPradeep, Maneesha SushamaPratt, ScottRajagopal, KrishnaRatti, ClaudiaRidgway, GregorySchäfer, ThomasSchenke, BjörnShen, ChunShi, ShuzheSingh, MayankSkokov, VladimirSon, Dam TSorensen, AgnieszkaStephanov, MikhailVenugopalan, RajuVovchenko, VolodymyrWeller, RyanYee, Ho-UngYin, Yi2022-01-01The Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Collaboration was formed with the goal of providing a theoretical framework for analyzing data from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The physics goal of the BES program is the search for a conjectured QCD critical point as well as for manifestations of the chiral magnetic effect. We describe progress that has been made over the previous five years. This includes studies of the equation of state and equilibrium susceptibilities, the development of suitable initial state models, progress in constructing a hydrodynamic framework that includes fluctuations and anomalous transport effects, as well as the development of freezeout prescriptions and hadronic transport models. Finally, we address the challenge of integrating these components into a complete analysis framework. This document describes the collective effort of the BEST Collaboration and its collaborators around the world.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)HeavyIon CollisionsNSD-Nuclear Theory (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/74r400cninfo:doi/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2021.122343articleNuclear Physics A, vol 1017122343oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0kv0j7pr2026-05-01T00:07:25Zqt0kv0j7prAnion exchange membrane test protocol validationAhn, Su MinBoudreau, AndrewEkennia, Anthony CPalau, AlexisVulpin, Olivia TKwak, MinkyoungKim, Yu SeungBoettcher, Shannon WPark, Eun JooRoberts, George MBakovic, Sergio I PerezAyers, Katherine E2025-01-01This study presents the validation of protocols for measuring ion exchange capacity (IEC) and alkaline stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for low-temperature water electrolysis. While protocols are often tested within individual laboratories, their results across multiple laboratories with varying equipment, environmental conditions, and personnel qualification remain unverified. The validation involved Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and University of Oregon (UO) using the same commercially available AEM to assess reproducibility and reliability of the protocols under diverse conditions. For the IEC protocol, results across laboratories were consistent within ±10% of the NMR-determined reference value. The alkaline stability protocol could pose greater challenges due to factors such as variations in sample collection timing, preservation methods, and analytical techniques, but consistent test results for percentage IEC loss were demonstrated across institutions. These results highlight the reliability and applicability of the protocols, emphasizing the importance of validation to ensure consistency in diverse research environments.4012 Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)4012 Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kv0j7prhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0kv0j7pr/qt0kv0j7pr.pdfinfo:doi/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1553134articleFrontiers in Energy Research, vol 131553134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7z86054m2026-05-01T00:07:17Zqt7z86054mAchieving the hydrogen shot: Interrogating ionomer interfacesFornaciari, Julie CBoettcher, ShannonCrumlin, EthanKusoglu, AhmetPrendergast, DavidUshizima, DanielaZenyuk, IrynaWeber, Adam Z2025-03-01The aim of this study is to enable the hydrogen economy and decarbonize various sectors in our environment that requires less expensive and more durable water electrolyzers, which can meet the Hydrogen-Shot target. The key is to improve the ionomer interfaces in low-temperature water electrolyzers as rapidly as possible, but to do so, it requires a systematic and holistic campaign combining both experiments and theory. In this perspective, we discuss the issues of electrolyzers and needs for translational science. We then present the approach that the Energy EarthShot Research Center: Center for Ionomer-based Water Electrolysis is taking in hopes of inspiring the community with this approach that can be leveraged to multiple problems and technologies.Graphical abstractHighlightsOne way to achieve the Hydrogen-Shot goal of low-cost, clean hydrogen, is advancing research and development on the interfaces of water electrolyzers for both performance and lifetime. The Center for Ionomer-based Water Electrolysis is exploring new techniques and strategies to not only interrogate interfacial phenomena in water electrolyzers to increase efficiency and durability, but also a new paradigm related to synergistic, cojoined experimental and theoretical research.DiscussionCatalyst\ionomer interfaces are complex and not fully understood, but through investigating different interfaces and utilizing digital and physical twins, we can elucidate key mechanisms and understanding.Understanding the dynamic double layer in electrochemical systems that use solid electrolytes is crucial to identifying and mitigating the controlling phenomena to enable increased performance and durability at the technology level.Studying the time and length scales of interfacial changes can be a powerful tool to understand reaction mechanisms and changes in the electrolyzer performance and durability.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)membraneinterfacedurabilitymodelingwater4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)4017 Mechanical engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z86054mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7z86054m/qt7z86054m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1557/s43581-024-00099-xarticleMRS Energy & Sustainability, vol 12, iss 114 - 22oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9pf763rv2026-05-01T00:07:03Zqt9pf763rvLearning new physics from data: A symmetrized approachBressler, ShikmaSavoray, InbarZurgil, Yuval2024-11-01Thousands of person years have been invested in searches for new physics (NP), the majority of them motivated by theoretical considerations. Yet, no evidence of beyond the Standard Model physics has been found. This suggests that model-agnostic searches might be an important key to explore NP, and help discover unexpected phenomena which can inspire future theoretical developments. A possible strategy for such searches is identifying asymmetries between data samples that are expected to be symmetric within the Standard Model. We propose exploiting neural networks (NNs) to quickly fit and statistically test the differences between two samples. Our method is based on an earlier work, originally designed for inferring the deviations of an observed dataset from that of a much larger reference dataset. We present a symmetric formalism, generalizing the original one, avoiding fine-tuning of the NN parameters and any constraints on the relative sizes of the samples. Our formalism could be used to detect small symmetry violations, extending the discovery potential of current and future particle physics experiments. Published by the American Physical Society 20245106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pf763rvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9pf763rv/qt9pf763rv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.110.095004articlePhysical Review D, vol 110, iss 9095004oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4m4482t62026-05-01T00:06:47Zqt4m4482t6PROTOCALC, a W-band Polarized Calibrator for Cosmic Microwave Background Telescopes: Application to Simons Observatory and CLASSCoppi, GabrieleDachlythra, NadiaNati, FedericoDünner-Planella, RolandoAdler, Alexandre EErrard, JosquinGalitzki, NicholasLi, YunyangPetroff, Matthew ASimon, Sara MSang, Ema Tsang KingAguilar, Amalia VillarrubiaWollack, Edward JZannoni, Mario2025-07-01Current- and next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments will measure polarization anisotropies with unprecedented sensitivities. The need for high precision in these measurements underscores the importance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of instrument properties, with a particular emphasis on the study of the beam properties, and especially their polarization characteristics and the measurement of the polarization angle. In this context, a major challenge lies in the scarcity of millimeter polarized astrophysical sources with sufficient brightness and calibration knowledge to meet the stringent accuracy requirements of future CMB missions. This led to the development of a drone-borne calibration source designed for the frequency band centered on approximately 90 GHz, matching a commonly used channel in ground-based CMB measurements. The Prototype Calibrator for Cosmology, PROTOCALC, has undergone thorough in-lab testing, and its properties have been subsequently modeled through simulation software integrated into the standard Simons Observatory analysis pipeline. Moreover, the PROTOCALC system has been tested in the field, having been deployed twice on calibration campaigns with CMB telescopes in the Atacama Desert. The data collected constrain the roll angle of the source with a statistical accuracy of 0 .° 045.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4m4482t6https://escholarship.org/content/qt4m4482t6/qt4m4482t6.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4365/adde5farticleThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol 279, iss 130oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4jg9n1kd2026-05-01T00:06:35Zqt4jg9n1kdEnhancing Discovery of Genetic Variants for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Through Integration of Quantitative Phenotypes and Trauma Exposure InformationMaihofer, Adam XChoi, Karmel WColeman, Jonathan RIDaskalakis, Nikolaos PDenckla, Christy AKetema, ElizabethMorey, Rajendra APolimanti, RenatoRatanatharathorn, AndrewTorres, KatyWingo, Aliza PZai, Clement CAiello, Allison EAlmli, Lynn MAmstadter, Ananda BAndersen, Soren BAndreassen, Ole AArbisi, Paul AAshley-Koch, Allison EAustin, S BrynAvdibegović, EsminaBorglum, Anders DBabić, DraganBækvad-Hansen, MarieBaker, Dewleen GBeckham, Jean CBierut, Laura JBisson, Jonathan IBoks, Marco PBolger, Elizabeth ABradley, BekhBrashear, MeghanBreen, GeromeBryant, Richard ABustamante, Angela CBybjerg-Grauholm, JonasCalabrese, Joseph RCaldas-de-Almeida, José MChen, Chia-YenDale, Anders MDalvie, ShareefaDeckert, JürgenDelahanty, Douglas LDennis, Michelle FDisner, Seth GDomschke, KatharinaDuncan, Laramie EDžubur Kulenović, AlmaErbes, Christopher REvans, AlexandraFarrer, Lindsay AFeeny, Norah CFlory, Janine DForbes, DavidFranz, Carol EGalea, SandroGarrett, Melanie EGautam, AartiGelaye, BizuGelernter, JoelGeuze, ElbertGillespie, Charles FGoçi, AferditaGordon, Scott DGuffanti, GuiaHammamieh, RashaHauser, Michael AHeath, Andrew CHemmings, Sian MJHougaard, David MichaelJakovljević, MiroJett, MartiJohnson, Eric OttoJones, IanJovanovic, TanjaQin, Xue-JunKarstoft, Karen-IngeKaufman, Milissa LKessler, Ronald CKhan, AlaptaginKimbrel, Nathan AKing, Anthony PKoen, NastassjaKranzler, Henry RKremen, William SLawford, Bruce RLebois, Lauren AMLewis, CatrinLiberzon, IsraelLinnstaedt, Sarah DLogue, Mark WLori, AdrianaLugonja, BožoLuykx, Jurjen JLyons, Michael JMaples-Keller, Jessica LMarmar, CharlesMartin, Nicholas GMaurer, DouglasMavissakalian, Matig R2022-04-01BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is heritable and a potential consequence of exposure to traumatic stress. Evidence suggests that a quantitative approach to PTSD phenotype measurement and incorporation of lifetime trauma exposure (LTE) information could enhance the discovery power of PTSD genome-wide association studies (GWASs).
METHODS: A GWAS on PTSD symptoms was performed in 51 cohorts followed by a fixed-effects meta-analysis (N = 182,199 European ancestry participants). A GWAS of LTE burden was performed in the UK Biobank cohort (N = 132,988). Genetic correlations were evaluated with linkage disequilibrium score regression. Multivariate analysis was performed using Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS. Functional mapping and annotation of leading loci was performed with FUMA. Replication was evaluated using the Million Veteran Program GWAS of PTSD total symptoms.
RESULTS: GWASs of PTSD symptoms and LTE burden identified 5 and 6 independent genome-wide significant loci, respectively. There was a 72% genetic correlation between PTSD and LTE. PTSD and LTE showed largely similar patterns of genetic correlation with other traits, albeit with some distinctions. Adjusting PTSD for LTE reduced PTSD heritability by 31%. Multivariate analysis of PTSD and LTE increased the effective sample size of the PTSD GWAS by 20% and identified 4 additional loci. Four of these 9 PTSD loci were independently replicated in the Million Veteran Program.
CONCLUSIONS: Through using a quantitative trait measure of PTSD, we identified novel risk loci not previously identified using prior case-control analyses. PTSD and LTE have a high genetic overlap that can be leveraged to increase discovery power through multivariate methods.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Mental Illness (rcdc)Anxiety Disorders (rcdc)Mental health (hrcs-hc)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Humans (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Stress DisordersPost-Traumatic (mesh)Humans (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Stress DisordersPost-Traumatic (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)GWASGeneticsHeritabilityPTSDPheWASTraumaGenetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Humans (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Stress DisordersPost-Traumatic (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Psychiatry (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jg9n1kdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4jg9n1kd/qt4jg9n1kd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.020articleBiological Psychiatry, vol 91, iss 7626 - 636oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4hx0r89j2026-05-01T00:03:19Zqt4hx0r89jThe Dark Energy Survey: Data Release 1Abbott, TMCAbdalla, FBAllam, SAmara, AAnnis, JAsorey, JAvila, SBallester, OBanerji, MBarkhouse, WBaruah, LBaumer, MBechtol, KBecker, MRBenoit-Lévy, ABernstein, GMBertin, EBlazek, JBocquet, SBrooks, DBrout, DBuckley-Geer, EBurke, DLBusti, VCampisano, RCardiel-Sas, LRosell, A CarneroKind, M CarrascoCarretero, JCastander, FJCawthon, RChang, CChen, XConselice, CCosta, GCrocce, MCunha, CED’Andrea, CBda Costa, LNDas, RDaues, GDavis, TMDavis, CDe Vicente, JDePoy, DLDeRose, JDesai, SDiehl, HTDietrich, JPDodelson, SDoel, PDrlica-Wagner, AEifler, TFElliott, AEEvrard, AEFarahi, ANeto, A FaustiFernandez, EFinley, DAFlaugher, BFoley, RJFosalba, PFriedel, DNFrieman, JGarcía-Bellido, JGaztanaga, EGerdes, DWGiannantonio, TGill, MSSGlazebrook, KGoldstein, DAGower, MGruen, DGruendl, RAGschwend, JGupta, RRGutierrez, GHamilton, SHartley, WGHinton, SRHislop, JMHollowood, DHonscheid, KHoyle, BHuterer, DJain, BJames, DJJeltema, TJohnson, MWGJohnson, MDKacprzak, TKent, SKhullar, GKlein, MKovacs, AKoziol, AMGKrause, EKremin, AKron, RKuehn, K2018-12-01We describe the first public data release of the Dark Energy Survey, DES DR1, consisting of reduced single-epoch images, co-added images, co-added source catalogs, and associated products and services assembled over the first 3 yr of DES science operations. DES DR1 is based on optical/near-infrared imaging from 345 distinct nights (2013 August to 2016 February) by the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4 m Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. We release data from the DES wide-area survey covering ∼5000 deg2 of the southern Galactic cap in five broad photometric bands, grizY. DES DR1 has a median delivered point-spread function of , r = 0.96, i = 0.88, z = 0.84, and Y = 0.″90 FWHM, a photometric precision of <1% in all bands, and an astrometric precision of 151 . The median co-added catalog depth for a 1.″95 diameter aperture at signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 10 is g = 24.33, r = 24.08, i = 23.44, z = 22.69, and Y = 21.44 . DES DR1 includes nearly 400 million distinct astronomical objects detected in ∼10,000 co-add tiles of size 0.534 deg2 produced from ∼39,000 individual exposures. Benchmark galaxy and stellar samples contain ∼310 million and ∼80 million objects, respectively, following a basic object quality selection. These data are accessible through a range of interfaces, including query web clients, image cutout servers, jupyter notebooks, and an interactive co-add image visualization tool. DES DR1 constitutes the largest photometric data set to date at the achieved depth and photometric precision.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astronomical databases: miscellaneouscatalogscosmology: observationssurveystechniques: image processingtechniques: photometricastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hx0r89jinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4365/aae9f0articleThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol 239, iss 218oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3mk941452026-05-01T00:02:49Zqt3mk94145Cloud microphysics training and aerosol inference with the Fiats deep learning libraryRouson, DamianBai, ZheBonachea, DanDibba, BaboucarrGutmann, EthanRasmussen, KatherineTorres, DavidWelman, JordanZhang, Yunhao2025-09-06This notebook presents two atmospheric sciences demonstration applications in the Fiats deep learning software repository. The first, train-cloud-microphysics, trains a neural-network cloud microphysics surrogate model that has been integrated into the Berkeley Lab fork of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research (ICAR) model. The second, infer-aerosol, performs parallel inference with an aerosol dynamics surrogate pretrained in PyTorch using data from the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). This notebook presents the program statements involved in using Fiats for aerosol inference and microphysics training. In order to also give the interested reader direct experience with using Fiats for these purposes, the notebook details how to run two simpler example programs that serve as representative proxies for the demonstration applications. Both proxies are also example programs in the Fiats repository. The microphysics training proxy is a self-contained example requiring no input files. The aerosol inference proxy uses a pretrained aerosol model stored in the Fiats JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) file format and hyperlinked into this notebook for downloading, importing, and using to perform batch inference calculations with Fiats.aerosolscloud microphysicsdeep learningFortranhigh-performance computingneural networksurrogate modelclass-fortran (c-lbnl-label)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mk94145info:doi/10.25344/S4QS3Jarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51k764tw2026-05-01T00:02:42Zqt51k764twProvider Experiences With the Identification, Management, and Treatment of Co-occurring Chronic Noncancer Pain and Substance Use in the Safety NetChang, Jamie SukiKushel, MargotMiaskowski, ChristineCeasar, RachelZamora, KaraHurstak, EmilyKnight, Kelly R2017-01-28BACKGROUND: In the United States and internationally, providers have adopted guidelines on the management of prescription opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). For "high-risk" patients with co-occurring CNCP and a history of substance use, guidelines advise that providers monitor patients using urine toxicology screening tests, develop opioid management plans, and refer patients to substance use treatment.
OBJECTIVE: We report primary care provider experiences in the safety net interpreting and implementing prescription opioid guideline recommendations for patients with CNCP and substance use.
METHODS: We interviewed primary care providers who work in safety net settings (N = 23) on their experiences managing CNCP and substance use. We analyzed interviews using a content analysis method.
RESULTS: Providers found management plans and urine toxicology screening tests useful for informing patients about clinic expectations of opioid therapy and substance use. However, they described that guideline-based clinic policies had unintended consequences, such as raising barriers to open, honest dialogue about substance use and treatment. While substance use treatment was recommended for "high-risk" patients, providers described lack of integration with and availability of substance use treatment programs.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that clinicians in the safety net found guideline-based clinic policies helpful. However, effective implementation was challenged by barriers to open dialogue about substance use and limited linkages with treatment programs. Further research is needed to examine how the context of safety net settings shapes the management and treatment of co-occurring CNCP and substance use.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Clinical Research (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Health Services (rcdc)Pain Research (rcdc)Chronic Pain (rcdc)Prescription Drug Abuse (rcdc)Opioids (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Chronic Pain (mesh)Female (mesh)Health Personnel (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)Chronic noncancer painprescription opioidssafety netprimary careprovider-patient interactionssubstance use treatmentqualitative researchHumans (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)Health Personnel (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Chronic Pain (mesh)Chronic noncancer painprescription opioidsprimary careprovider–patient interactionsqualitative researchsafety netsubstance use treatmentChronic Pain (mesh)Female (mesh)Health Personnel (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1701 Psychology (for)Substance Abuse (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)5201 Applied and developmental psychology (for-2020)5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51k764twinfo:doi/10.1080/10826084.2016.1223138articleSubstance Use & Misuse, vol 52, iss 2251 - 255oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0zc671tr2026-05-01T00:02:38Zqt0zc671trThe Risks of Opioid Treatment: Perspectives of Primary Care Practitioners and Patients from Safety-Net ClinicsHurstak, Emily EKushel, MargotChang, JamieCeasar, RachelZamora, KaraMiaskowski, ChristineKnight, Kelly2017-04-01BACKGROUND: Patients with a history of substance use are more likely than those without substance use to experience chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), to be prescribed opioids, and to experience opioid misuse or overdose. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) in safety-net settings care for low-income patients with CNCP and substance use, usually without specialist consultation. To inform communication related to opioid risk, we explored PCPs' and patients' perceptions of the risks of chronic opioid therapy.
METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with 23 PCPs and 46 of their patients, who had a history of CNCP and substance use. We recruited from 6 safety-net health care settings in the San Francisco Bay Area. We transcribed interviews verbatim and analyzed transcripts using grounded theory methodology.
RESULTS: (1) PCPs feared harming patients and the community by opioid prescribing. PCPs emphasized fear of opioid overdose. (2) Patients did not highlight concerns about the adverse health consequences of opioids, except for addiction. (3) Both patients and PCPs were concerned about PCPs' medicolegal risks related to opioid prescribing. (4) Patients reported feeling stigmatized by policies aimed at reducing opioid misuse.
CONCLUSION: We identified differences in how clinicians and patients perceive opioid risk. To improve the informed consent process for opioid therapy, patients and PCPs need to have a shared understanding of the risks of opioids and engage in discussions that promote patient autonomy and safety. As clinics implement opioid prescribing policies, clinicians must develop effective communication strategies in order to educate patients about opioid risks and decrease patients' experiences of stigma and discrimination.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Pain Research (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Prescription Drug Abuse (rcdc)Health Services (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Opioids (rcdc)Opioid Misuse and Addiction (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)8.1 Organisation and delivery of services (hrcs-rac)7.3 Management and decision making (hrcs-rac)Mental health (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)AnalgesicsOpioid (mesh)Attitude of Health Personnel (mesh)Chronic Pain (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Interviews as Topic (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Patients (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Prescription Drug Misuse (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Safety-net Providers (mesh)Ambulatory caredrug overdoseinformed consentopioid analgesicsqualitative researchHumans (mesh)AnalgesicsOpioid (mesh)Attitude of Health Personnel (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Patients (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Interviews as Topic (mesh)Chronic Pain (mesh)Prescription Drug Misuse (mesh)Safety-net Providers (mesh)Ambulatory caredrug overdoseinformed consentopioid analgesicsqualitative researchAdult (mesh)AnalgesicsOpioid (mesh)Attitude of Health Personnel (mesh)Chronic Pain (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Interviews as Topic (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Patients (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Prescription Drug Misuse (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Safety-net Providers (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1701 Psychology (for)Substance Abuse (science-metrix)4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zc671trinfo:doi/10.1080/08897077.2017.1296524articleSubstance Use & Addiction Journal, vol 38, iss 2213 - 221oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0g10m2n92026-05-01T00:02:34Zqt0g10m2n9Sources and Impact of Time Pressure on Opioid Management in the Safety-NetSatterwhite, ShannonKnight, Kelly RMiaskowski, ChristineChang, Jamie SukiCeasar, RachelZamora, KaraKushel, Margot2019-05-01PURPOSE: This study sought to understand clinicians' and patients' experience managing chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) and opioids in safety-net primary care settings. This article explores the time requirements of safer opioid prescribing for medically and socially complex patients in the context of safety-net primary care.
METHODS: We qualitatively interviewed 23 primary care clinicians and 46 of their patients with concurrent CNCP and substance use disorder (past or current). We also conducted observations of clinical interactions between the clinicians and patients. We transcribed, coded, and analyzed interview and clinical observation recordings using grounded theory methodology.
RESULTS: Clinicians reported not having enough time to assess patients' CNCP, functional status, and risks for opioid misuse. Inadequate assessment of CNCP contributed to tension and conflicts during visits. Clinicians described pain conversations consuming a substantial portion of primary care visits despite patients' other serious health concerns. System-level constraints (eg, changing insurance policies, limited access to specialty and integrative care) added to the perceived time burden of CNCP management. Clinicians described repeated visits with little progress in patients' pain or functional status due to these barriers. Patients acknowledged clinical time constraints and reported devoting significant time to following new opioid management protocols for CNCP.
CONCLUSIONS: Time pressure was identified as a major barrier to safer opioid prescribing. Efforts, including changes to reimbursement structures, are needed to relieve time stress on primary care clinicians treating medically and socially complex patients with CNCP in safety-net settings.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Chronic Pain (rcdc)Opioid Misuse and Addiction (rcdc)Health Services (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Pain Research (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Primary Health Care (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Opioids (rcdc)8.1 Organisation and delivery of services (hrcs-rac)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)AnalgesicsOpioid (mesh)Attitude of Health Personnel (mesh)Chronic Pain (mesh)Drug Prescriptions (mesh)Female (mesh)Guideline Adherence (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Pain Management (mesh)PhysiciansPrimary Care (mesh)Practice Guidelines as Topic (mesh)Practice PatternsPhysicians' (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Qualitative Research (mesh)Safety-net Providers (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)Chronic DiseaseChronic PainGrounded TheoryMinority HealthOpioidsPrimary Health CareSubstance-Related DisordersVulnerable PopulationsHumans (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)AnalgesicsOpioid (mesh)Attitude of Health Personnel (mesh)Qualitative Research (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Guideline Adherence (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Practice Guidelines as Topic (mesh)Drug Prescriptions (mesh)PhysiciansPrimary Care (mesh)Pain Management (mesh)Chronic Pain (mesh)Safety-net Providers (mesh)Practice PatternsPhysicians' (mesh)Chronic DiseaseChronic PainGrounded TheoryMinority HealthOpioidsPrimary Health CareSubstance-Related DisordersVulnerable PopulationsAdult (mesh)AnalgesicsOpioid (mesh)Attitude of Health Personnel (mesh)Chronic Pain (mesh)Drug Prescriptions (mesh)Female (mesh)Guideline Adherence (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Pain Management (mesh)PhysiciansPrimary Care (mesh)Practice Guidelines as Topic (mesh)Practice PatternsPhysicians' (mesh)Primary Health Care (mesh)Qualitative Research (mesh)Safety-net Providers (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)General & Internal Medicine (science-metrix)4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0g10m2n9info:doi/10.3122/jabfm.2019.03.180306articleThe Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, vol 32, iss 3375 - 382oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8gn5m7gs2026-05-01T00:02:30Zqt8gn5m7gsNegotiating substance use stigma: the role of cultural health capital in provider–patient interactionsChang, JamieDubbin, LeslieShim, Janet2016-01-01Diverse aspects of life and lifestyles, including stigmatised attributes and behaviors are revealed as providers and patients discuss health. In this article, we examine how the stigma associated with substance use issues shapes clinical interactions. We use the theoretical framework of cultural health capital (CHC) to explain how substance use stigma is created, reinforced and sometimes negotiated as providers and patients engage in health interactions. We present two main findings using examples. First, two theoretical concepts--habitus and field--set the social position and expectations of providers and patients in ways that facilitate the stigmatisation of substance use. Second, we found both providers and patients actively exchanged CHC as a key strategy to reduce the negative effects of stigma. In some clinical encounters, patients possessed and activated CHC, providers acknowledged patient's CHC and CHC was successfully exchanged. These interactions were productive and mutually satisfying, even when patients were actively using substances. However, when CHC was not activated, acknowledged and exchanged, stigma was unchallenged and dominated the interaction. The CHC theoretical framework allows us to examine how the stigma process is operationalized and potentially even counteracted in clinical interactions.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Female (mesh)Grounded Theory (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Negotiating (mesh)Physician-Patient Relations (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Social Stigma (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)drug usesubstance abuseBourdieudoctor-patient communication and interactiongrounded theorystigmaHumans (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)Negotiating (mesh)Physician-Patient Relations (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Social Stigma (mesh)Grounded Theory (mesh)Bourdieudoctor-patient communication and interactiondrug usegrounded theorystigmasubstance abuseFemale (mesh)Grounded Theory (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Negotiating (mesh)Physician-Patient Relations (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Social Stigma (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1608 Sociology (for)2202 History and Philosophy of Specific Fields (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)4401 Anthropology (for-2020)4410 Sociology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gn5m7gshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8gn5m7gs/qt8gn5m7gs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/1467-9566.12351articleSociology of Health & Illness, vol 38, iss 190 - 108oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5pc917q12026-05-01T00:02:26Zqt5pc917q1Efficient state preparation for the Schwinger model with a theta termBazavov, AlexeiHenke, BrandonHostetler, LeonLee, DeanLin, Huey-WenPederiva, GiovanniShindler, Andrea2025-04-01We present a comparison of different quantum state preparation algorithms and their overall efficiency for the Schwinger model with a theta term. While adiabatic state preparation is proved to be effective, in practice it leads to large gate counts to prepare the ground state. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) provides excellent results while keeping the counts small by design, at the cost of an expensive classical minimization process. We introduce a “blocked” modification of the Schwinger Hamiltonian to be used in the QAOA that further decreases the length of the algorithms as the size of the problem is increased. The rodeo algorithm (RA) provides a powerful tool to efficiently prepare any eigenstate of the Hamiltonian, as long as its overlap with the initial guess is large enough. We obtain the best results when combining the blocked QAOA ansatz and the RA, as this provides an excellent initial state with a relatively short algorithm without the need to perform any classical steps for large problem sizes.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pc917q1https://escholarship.org/content/qt5pc917q1/qt5pc917q1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.111.074515articlePhysical Review D, vol 111, iss 7074515oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2w21x8sp2026-05-01T00:02:05Zqt2w21x8spImaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXOChambers, CWalton, TFairbank, DCraycraft, AYahne, DRTodd, JIverson, AFairbank, WAlamare, AAlbert, JBAnton, GArnquist, IJBadhrees, IBarbeau, PSBeck, DBelov, VBhatta, TBourque, FBrodsky, JPBrown, EBrunner, TBurenkov, ACao, GFCao, LCen, WRCharlebois, SAChiu, MCleveland, BCoon, MCree, WCôté, MDalmasson, JDaniels, TDarroch, LDaugherty, SJDaughhetee, JDelaquis, SMesrobian-Kabakian, A DerDeVoe, RDilling, JDing, YYDolinski, MJDragone, AEchevers, JFabris, LFarine, JFeyzbakhsh, SFontaine, RFudenberg, DGiacomini, GGornea, RGratta, GHansen, EVHeffner, MHoppe, EWHößl, JHouse, AHufschmidt, PHughes, MIto, YJamil, AJessiman, CJewell, MJJiang, XSKarelin, AKaufman, LJKodroff, DKoffas, TKravitz, SKrücken, RKuchenkov, AKumar, KSLan, YLarson, ALeonard, DSLi, GLi, SLi, ZLicciardi, CLin, YHLv, PMacLellan, RMichel, TMong, BMoore, DCMurray, KNewby, RJNing, ZNjoya, ONolet, FNusair, OOdgers, KOdian, AOriunno, MOrrell, JLOrtega, GSOstrovskiy, IOverman, CTParent, SPiepke, A2019-04-29The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamental
properties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrino
are distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so background
reduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. The
identification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double beta
decay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in the
nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied in
this work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon,
where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenon
matrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of barium
in solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrix
deposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, the
fluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the background
level, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescence
persists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%.
This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid noble
element. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique for
nEXO.physics.ins-detphysics.ins-detnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nEXO Collaborationphysics.ins-detphysics.ins-detnucl-exGeneral Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w21x8sphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2w21x8sp/qt2w21x8sp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41586-019-1169-4articleNature, vol 569, iss 7755203 - 207oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8xx7x6812026-05-01T00:02:02Zqt8xx7x681Characterization of the spectral phase of an intense laser at focus via ionization blueshiftMittelberger, DENakamura, KLehe, RGonsalves, AJBenedetti, CMao, H-SDaniels, JDale, NVenkatakrishnan, SVSwanson, KKEsarey, ELeemans, WP2016-09-01An in situ diagnostic for verifying the spectral phase of an intense laser pulse at focus is presented. This diagnostic relies on measuring the effect of optical compression on ionization-induced blueshifting of the laser spectrum. Experimental results from the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator, a laser source rigorously characterized by conventional techniques, are presented and compared with simulations to illustrate the utility of this technique. These simulations show distinguishable effects from second-, third-, and fourth-order spectral phase.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5102 AtomicMolecular and Optical Physics (for-2020)0102 Applied Mathematics (for)0205 Optical Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)Optics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5108 Quantum physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xx7x681https://escholarship.org/content/qt8xx7x681/qt8xx7x681.pdfinfo:doi/10.1364/josab.33.001978articleJournal of the Optical Society of America B, vol 33, iss 91978oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8mx9s4dt2026-05-01T00:01:50Zqt8mx9s4dtThe standard operating procedure of the DOE-JGI Metagenome Annotation Pipeline (MAP v.4)Huntemann, MarcelIvanova, Natalia NMavromatis, KonstantinosTripp, H JamesPaez-Espino, DavidTennessen, KristinPalaniappan, KrishnaveniSzeto, ErnestPillay, ManojChen, I-Min APati, AmritaNielsen, TorbenMarkowitz, Victor MKyrpides, Nikos C2016-01-01The DOE-JGI Metagenome Annotation Pipeline (MAP v.4) performs structural and functional annotation for metagenomic sequences that are submitted to the Integrated Microbial Genomes with Microbiomes (IMG/M) system for comparative analysis. The pipeline runs on nucleotide sequences provided via the IMG submission site. Users must first define their analysis projects in GOLD and then submit the associated sequence datasets consisting of scaffolds/contigs with optional coverage information and/or unassembled reads in fasta and fastq file formats. The MAP processing consists of feature prediction including identification of protein-coding genes, non-coding RNAs and regulatory RNAs, as well as CRISPR elements. Structural annotation is followed by functional annotation including assignment of protein product names and connection to various protein family databases.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)1.5 Resources and infrastructure (underpinning) (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Metagenome annotationSOPIMGJGIIMGJGIMetagenome annotationSOP0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mx9s4dthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8mx9s4dt/qt8mx9s4dt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s40793-016-0138-xarticleEnvironmental Microbiome, vol 11, iss 117oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5mj575862026-05-01T00:01:40Zqt5mj57586Compiler Generation and Autotuning of Communication-Avoiding Operators for Geometric MultigridBasu, ProtonuVenkat, AnHall, MaryWilliams, SamuelVan Straalen, BrianOliker, Leonid2013-12-01This paper describes a compiler approach to introducing communication-avoiding optimizations in geometric multi-grid (GMG), one of the most popular methods for solving partial differential equations. Communication-avoiding optimizations reduce vertical communication through the memory hierarchy and horizontal communication across processes or threads, usually at the expense of introducing redundant computation. We focus on applying these optimizations to the smooth operator, which successively reduces the error and accounts for the largest fraction of the GMG execution time. Our compiler technology applies both novel and known transformations to derive an implementation comparable to manually-tuned code. To make the approach portable, an underlying autotuning system explores the tradeoff between reduced communication and increased computation, as well as tradeoffs in threading schemes, to automatically identify the best implementation for a particular architecture and at each computation phase. Results show that we are able to quadruple the performance of the smooth operation on the finest grids while attaining performance within 94% of manually-tuned code. Overall we improve the overall multigrid solve time by 2.5x without sacrificing programer productivity.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)3301 Architecture (for-2020)33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mj57586https://escholarship.org/content/qt5mj57586/qt5mj57586.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/hipc.2013.6799131article2013 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING (HIPC)452 - 461oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8961848s2026-04-30T23:58:34Zqt8961848sElectroweak three-body decays in the presence of two- and three-body bound statesBriceño, Raul AJackura, Andrew WPefkou, Dimitra ARomero-López, Fernando2024-01-01Recently, formalism has been derived for studying electroweak transition amplitudes for three-body systems both in infinite and finite volumes. The formalism provides exact relations that the infinite-volume amplitudes must satisfy, as well as a relationship between physical amplitudes and finite-volume matrix elements, which can be constrained from lattice QCD calculations. This formalism poses additional challenges when compared with the analogous well-studied two-body equivalent one, including the necessary step of solving integral equations of singular functions. In this work, we provide some non-trivial analytical and numerical tests on the aforementioned formalism. In particular, we consider a case where the three-particle system can have three-body bound states as well as bound states in the two-body subsystem. For kinematics below the three-body threshold, we demonstrate that the scattering amplitudes satisfy unitarity. We also check that for these kinematics the finite-volume matrix elements are accurately described by the formalism for two-body systems up to exponentially suppressed corrections. Finally, we verify that in the case of the three-body bound state, the finite-volume matrix element is equal to the infinite-volume coupling of the bound state, up to exponentially suppressed errors.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadronic Matrix Elements and Weak DecaysHadronic SpectroscopyStructure and InteractionsNSD-Nuclear Theory (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8961848shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8961848s/qt8961848s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep05(2024)279articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2024, iss 5279oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9435455s2026-04-30T23:58:27Zqt9435455sA single-amino acid substitution in the adaptor LAT accelerates TCR proofreading kinetics and alters T-cell selection, maintenance and functionLo, Wan-LinKuhlmann, MiriamRizzuto, GabrielleEkiz, H AtakanKolawole, Elizabeth MRevelo, Monica PAndargachew, RakiebLi, ZhongmeiTsai, Yuan-LiMarson, AlexanderEvavold, Brian DZehn, DietmarWeiss, Arthur2023-04-01Mature T cells must discriminate between brief interactions with self-peptides and prolonged binding to agonists. The kinetic proofreading model posits that certain T-cell antigen receptor signaling nodes serve as molecular timers to facilitate such discrimination. However, the physiological significance of this regulatory mechanism and the pathological consequences of disrupting it are unknown. Here we report that accelerating the normally slow phosphorylation of the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) residue Y136 by introducing an adjacent Gly135Asp alteration (LATG135D) disrupts ligand discrimination in vivo. The enhanced self-reactivity of LATG135D T cells triggers excessive thymic negative selection and promotes T-cell anergy. During Listeria infection, LATG135D T cells expand more than wild-type counterparts in response to very weak stimuli but display an imbalance between effector and memory responses. Moreover, despite their enhanced engagement of central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, mice bearing LATG135D show features associated with autoimmunity and immunopathology. Our data reveal the importance of kinetic proofreading in balancing tolerance and immunity.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)Autoimmune Disease (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Inflammatory and immune system (hrcs-hc)Mice (mesh)Animals (mesh)Adaptor ProteinsSignal Transducing (mesh)Amino Acid Substitution (mesh)T-Lymphocytes (mesh)ReceptorsAntigenT-Cell (mesh)Lymphocyte Activation (mesh)Phosphorylation (mesh)Phosphoproteins (mesh)T-Lymphocytes (mesh)Animals (mesh)Mice (mesh)Adaptor ProteinsSignal Transducing (mesh)ReceptorsAntigenT-Cell (mesh)Phosphoproteins (mesh)Amino Acid Substitution (mesh)Lymphocyte Activation (mesh)Phosphorylation (mesh)Mice (mesh)Animals (mesh)Adaptor ProteinsSignal Transducing (mesh)Amino Acid Substitution (mesh)T-Lymphocytes (mesh)ReceptorsAntigenT-Cell (mesh)Lymphocyte Activation (mesh)Phosphorylation (mesh)Phosphoproteins (mesh)1107 Immunology (for)Immunology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9435455shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9435455s/qt9435455s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41590-023-01444-xarticleNature Immunology, vol 24, iss 4676 - 689oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt10j633zs2026-04-30T23:58:20Zqt10j633zsA White Paper on keV sterile neutrino Dark MatterAdhikari, RAgostini, MKy, N AnhAraki, TArchidiacono, MBahr, MBaur, JBehrens, JBezrukov, FDev, PS BhupalBorah, DBoyarsky, Ade Gouvea, Ade S. Pires, CAde Vega, HJDias, AGDi Bari, PDjurcic, ZDolde, KDorrer, HDurero, MDragoun, ODrewes, MDrexlin, GDüllmann, Ch EEberhardt, KEliseev, SEnss, CEvans, NWFaessler, AFilianin, PFischer, VFleischmann, AFormaggio, JAFranse, JFraenkle, FMFrenk, CSFuller, GGastaldo, LGarzilli, AGiunti, CGlück, FGoodman, MCGonzalez-Garcia, MCGorbunov, DHamann, JHannen, VHannestad, SHansen, SHHassel, CHeeck, JHofmann, FHoudy, THuber, AIakubovskyi, DIanni, AIbarra, AJacobsson, RJeltema, TJochum, JKempf, SKieck, TKorzeczek, MKornoukhov, VLachenmaier, TLaine, MLangacker, PLasserre, TLesgourgues, JLhuillier, DLi, YFLiao, WLong, AWMaltoni, MMangano, GMavromatos, NEMenci, NMerle, AMertens, SMirizzi, AMonreal, BNozik, ANeronov, ANiro, VNovikov, YOberauer, LOtten, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPallavicini, MPantuev, VSPapastergis, EParke, SPascoli, SPastor, SPatwardhan, APilaftsis, ARadford, DCRanitzsch, PC-ORest, ORobinson, DJ2017-01-01We present a comprehensive review of keV-scale sterile neutrino Dark Matter, collecting views and insights from all disciplines involved—cosmology, astrophysics, nuclear, and particle physics—in each case viewed from both theoretical and experimental/observational perspectives. After reviewing the role of active neutrinos in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, we focus on sterile neutrinos in the context of the Dark Matter puzzle. Here, we first review the physics motivation for sterile neutrino Dark Matter, based on challenges and tensions in purely cold Dark Matter scenarios. We then round out the discussion by critically summarizing all known constraints on sterile neutrino Dark Matter arising from astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical considerations. In this context, we provide a balanced discourse on the possibly positive signal from X-ray observations. Another focus of the paper concerns the construction of particle physics models, aiming to explain how sterile neutrinos of keV-scale masses could arise in concrete settings beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The paper ends with an extensive review of current and future astrophysical and laboratory searches, highlighting new ideas and their experimental challenges, as well as future perspectives for the discovery of sterile neutrinos.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological neutrinosdark matter experimentsdark matter theoryparticle physics - cosmology connectionhep-phhep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ex0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/10j633zshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt10j633zs/qt10j633zs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/01/025articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2017, iss 01025 - 025oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9ws3213p2026-04-30T23:58:06Zqt9ws3213pCoordinated JWST Imaging of Three Distance Indicators in a Supernova Host Galaxy and an Estimate of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Color DependenceHoyt, Taylor JJang, In SungFreedman, Wendy LMadore, Barry FLee, Abigail JOwens, Kayla A2024-11-01Boasting a 6.5 m mirror in space, JWST can increase by several times the number of supernovae (SNe) to which a redshift-independent distance has been measured with a precision distance indicator (e.g., tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) or Cepheids); the limited number of such SN calibrators currently dominates the uncertainty budget in distance ladder Hubble constant (H 0) experiments. JWST/NIRCAM imaging of the Virgo Cluster galaxy NGC 4536 is used here to preview JWST program GO-1995, which aims to measure H 0 using three stellar distance indicators (Cepheids, TRGB, and J-branch asymptotic giant branch/carbon stars). Each population of distance indicator was here successfully detected—with sufficiently large number statistics, well-measured fluxes, and characteristic distributions consistent with ingoing expectations—so as to confirm that we can acquire distances from each method precise to about 0.05 mag (statistical uncertainty only). We leverage overlapping Hubble Space Telescope imaging to identify TRGB stars, crossmatch them with the JWST photometry, and present a preliminary constraint on the slope of the TRGB’s F115W versus (F115W – F444W) relation equal to −0.99 ± 0.16 mag mag−1. This slope is consistent with prior slope measurements in the similar Two Micron All-Sky Survey J band, as well as with predictions from the BaSTI isochrone suite. We use the new TRGB slope estimate to flatten the 2D TRGB feature and measure a (blinded) TRGB distance relative to a set of fiducial TRGB colors, intended to represent the absolute fiducial calibrations expected from geometric anchors such as NGC 4258 and the Magellanic Clouds. In doing so, we empirically demonstrate that the TRGB can be used as a standardizable candle at the IR wavelengths accessible with JWST.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ws3213phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9ws3213p/qt9ws3213p.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7952articleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 975, iss 1111oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9g28r2jn2026-04-30T23:57:54Zqt9g28r2jnAssembly Tests of the First Nb3Sn Low-Beta Quadrupole Short Model for the Hi-Lumi LHCPan, HFelice, HCheng, DWAnderssen, EAmbrosio, GPerez, JCJuchno, MFerracin, PPrestemon, SO2016-06-01In preparation for the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) in collaboration with CERN is pursuing the development of MQXF: a 150-mm-aperture high-field Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet. The development phase starts with the fabrication and test of several short models (1.2-m magnetic length) and will continue with the development of several long prototypes. All of them are mechanically supported using a shell-based support structure, which has been extensively demonstrated on several R&D models within LARP. The first short model MQXFS-AT has been assembled at LBNL with coils fabricated by LARP and CERN. In this paper, we summarize the assembly process and show how it relies strongly on experience acquired during the LARP 120-mm-aperture HQ magnet series. We present comparison between strain gauges data and finite-element model analysis. Finally, we present the implication of the MQXFS-AT experience on the design of the long prototype support structure.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)High-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)interaction regionsLARPNb3Sn magnetquadrupoleshell-based support structureshort model0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g28r2jnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9g28r2jn/qt9g28r2jn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2016.2516584articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 26, iss 41 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1sp850302026-04-30T23:57:49Zqt1sp85030Dimensional Changes of Nb3Sn Rutherford Cables During Heat TreatmentRochepault, EFerracin, PAmbrosio, GAnerella, MBallarino, ABonasia, ABordini, BCheng, DDietderich, DRFelice, HFajardo, L GarciaGhosh, AHolik, EFBermudez, S IzquierdoPerez, JCPong, ISchmalzle, JYu, M2016-06-01In high field magnet applications, Nb3Sn coils undergo a heat treatment step after winding. During this stage, coils radially expand and longitudinally contract due to the Nb3Sn phase change. In order to prevent residual strain from altering superconducting performances, the tooling must provide the adequate space for these dimensional changes. The aim of this paper is to understand the behavior of cable dimensions during heat treatment and to provide estimates of the space to be accommodated in the tooling for coil expansion and contraction. This paper summarizes measurements of dimensional changes on strands, single Rutherford cables, cable stacks, and coils performed between 2013 and 2015. These samples and coils have been performed within a collaboration between CERN and the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program to develop Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets for the HiLumi LHC. The results are also compared with other high field magnet projects.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Conductor dimensionsheat treatmentNb3Sn conductorsRutherford cables0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sp85030https://escholarship.org/content/qt1sp85030/qt1sp85030.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2016.2539156articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 26, iss 41 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0887f7qc2026-04-30T23:53:43Zqt0887f7qcIdentifying Missing Quasars from the DESI Bright Galaxy SurveyJuneau, SCanning, RAlexander, DMPucha, RFawcett, VAMyers, ADMoustakas, JRuiz-Macias, OCole, SPan, ZAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SBailey, SBrooks, DChaussidon, ECircosta, CClaybaugh, TDavis, TMDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHahn, CHonscheid, KKehoe, RKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMuñoz-Gutiérrez, ANie, JPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRavoux, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSilber, JSiudek, MSprayberry, DTan, TTarlé, GYèche, CZhou, ZZou, H2025-03-03The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) cosmology survey includes a Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS), which will yield spectra for over 10 million bright galaxies (r < 20.2 AB mag). The resulting sample will be valuable for both cosmological and astrophysical studies. However, the star/galaxy separation criterion implemented in the nominal BGS target selection algorithm excludes quasar host galaxies in addition to bona fide stars. While this excluded population is comparatively rare (∼3–4 per square degrees), it may hold interesting clues regarding galaxy and quasar physics. Therefore, we present a target selection strategy that was implemented to recover these missing active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the BGS sample. The design of the selection criteria was both motivated and confirmed using spectroscopy. The resulting BGS-AGN sample is uniformly distributed over the entire DESI footprint. According to DESI survey validation data, the sample comprises 93% quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), 3% narrow-line AGN or blazars with a galaxy contamination rate of 2%, and a stellar contamination rate of 2%. Peaking around redshift z = 0.5, the BGS-AGN sample is intermediary between quasars from the rest of the BGS and those from the DESI QSO sample in terms of redshifts and AGN luminosities. The stacked spectrum is nearly identical to that of the DESI QSO targets, confirming that the sample is dominated by quasars. We highlight interesting small populations reaching z > 2, which are either faint quasars with nearby projected companions or very bright quasars with strong absorption features including the Lyα forest, metal absorbers, and/or broad absorption lines.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0887f7qchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0887f7qc/qt0887f7qc.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/adabc9articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 169, iss 3157oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt730113t32026-04-30T23:53:38Zqt730113t3Archetype-based Redshift Estimation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument SurveyAnand, AbhijeetGuy, JulienBailey, StephenMoustakas, JohnAguilar, JAhlen, SBolton, ASBrodzeller, ABrooks, DClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADey, BiprateepFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHonscheid, KHowlett, CJuneau, SKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMueller, ENiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRaichoor, ARezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GWarner, CWeaver, BAZhou, RZou, H2024-09-01We present a computationally efficient galaxy archetype-based redshift estimation and spectral classification method for the Dark Energy Survey Instrument (DESI) survey. The DESI survey currently relies on a redshift fitter and spectral classifier using a linear combination of principal component analysis–derived templates, which is very efficient in processing large volumes of DESI spectra within a short time frame. However, this method occasionally yields unphysical model fits for galaxies and fails to adequately absorb calibration errors that may still be occasionally visible in the reduced spectra. Our proposed approach improves upon this existing method by refitting the spectra with carefully generated physical galaxy archetypes combined with additional terms designed to absorb data reduction defects and provide more physical models to the DESI spectra. We test our method on an extensive data set derived from the survey validation (SV) and Year 1 (Y1) data of DESI. Our findings indicate that the new method delivers marginally better redshift success for SV tiles while reducing catastrophic redshift failure by 10%–30%. At the same time, results from millions of targets from the main survey show that our model has relatively higher redshift success and purity rates (0.5%–0.8% higher) for galaxy targets while having similar success for QSOs. These improvements also demonstrate that the main DESI redshift pipeline is generally robust. Additionally, it reduces the false-positive redshift estimation by 5%−40% for sky fibers. We also discuss the generic nature of our method and how it can be extended to other large spectroscopic surveys, along with possible future improvements.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/730113t3https://escholarship.org/content/qt730113t3/qt730113t3.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ad60c2articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 168, iss 3124 - 124oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt02s2p2212026-04-30T23:53:34Zqt02s2p221Heterogenization of Homogeneous Ruthenium(II) Catalysts for Carbon-Neutral Dehydrogenation of PolyalcoholsHellman, Ashley NTorquato, Nicole AFoster, Michael EDun, ChaochaoReynolds, Joseph EYu, Christine JTran, Andrew DShivanna, MohanaGarcia, Gail Frances HYang, JiChen, YiSu, JiUrban, Jeffrey JAllendorf, Mark DStavila, Vitalie2023-07-24Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems are an excellent alternative to pressurized gas and liquid hydrogen storage technologies due to their high volumetric storage capacities and straightforward adaptation to existing infrastructure. Homogeneous catalysts are promising for the selective and reversible release of hydrogen from LOHC. However, separation from product mixtures and recycling inhibit their use, particularly when comprised of costly low-abundance elements, motivating the development of heterogeneous versions that are more easily recovered and reused. Here, we describe two methods for the heterogenization of molecular Ru catalysts that efficiently dehydrogenate the polyalcohol LOHCs ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO). The heterogeneous versions of these catalysts maintain catalytic activity for hydrogen production comparable to the homogeneous complexes, with up to 81% conversion and 99% selectivity. DFT modeling indicates mechanistic similarities for the dehydrogenations of EG and 1,2-PDO, with the rate-limiting steps associated with protonation of the Ru–H bond to form H2 and the alkoxide species coordinated to Ru(II), followed by β-hydride elimination to regenerate the Ru–H bond. Overall, the data suggest these heterogenized molecular catalysts have potential for practical use in polyalcohol-based LOHC systems.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)liquid organic hydrogen carriersheterogeneous catalysisreversible hydrogen storageruthenium catalysts34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/02s2p221https://escholarship.org/content/qt02s2p221/qt02s2p221.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acsaem.3c00462articleACS Applied Energy Materials, vol 6, iss 147353 - 7362oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7530b5tk2026-04-30T23:53:00Zqt7530b5tkSelection-free genome editing of the sickle mutation in human adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cellsDeWitt, Mark AMagis, WendyBray, Nicolas LWang, TianjiaoBerman, Jennifer RUrbinati, FabriziaHeo, Seok-JinMitros, ThereseMuñoz, Denise PBoffelli, DarioKohn, Donald BWalters, Mark CCarroll, DanaMartin, David IKCorn, Jacob E2016-10-12Genetic diseases of blood cells are prime candidates for treatment through ex vivo gene editing of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and a variety of technologies have been proposed to treat these disorders. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the β-globin gene (HBB). Sickle hemoglobin damages erythrocytes, causing vasoocclusion, severe pain, progressive organ damage, and premature death. We optimize design and delivery parameters of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex comprising Cas9 protein and unmodified single guide RNA, together with a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide donor (ssODN), to enable efficient replacement of the SCD mutation in human HSPCs. Corrected HSPCs from SCD patients produced less sickle hemoglobin RNA and protein and correspondingly increased wild-type hemoglobin when differentiated into erythroblasts. When engrafted into immunocompromised mice, ex vivo treated human HSPCs maintain SCD gene edits throughout 16 weeks at a level likely to have clinical benefit. These results demonstrate that an accessible approach combining Cas9 RNP with an ssODN can mediate efficient HSPC genome editing, enables investigator-led exploration of gene editing reagents in primary hematopoietic stem cells, and suggests a path toward the development of new gene editing treatments for SCD and other hematopoietic diseases.3206 Medical Biotechnology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Regenerative Medicine (rcdc)Pain Research (rcdc)Hematology (rcdc)Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human (rcdc)Sickle Cell Disease (rcdc)Orphan Drug (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Transplantation (rcdc)Gene Therapy (rcdc)Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human (rcdc)Stem Cell Research (rcdc)5.2 Cellular and gene therapies (hrcs-rac)Blood (hrcs-hc)Adult (mesh)Adult Stem Cells (mesh)AnemiaSickle Cell (mesh)Animals (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Cell Line (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Hematopoietic Stem Cells (mesh)HemoglobinSickle (mesh)Heterografts (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred NOD (mesh)MiceKnockout (mesh)MiceSCID (mesh)Mutation (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Translational ResearchBiomedical (mesh)Hematopoietic Stem Cells (mesh)Cell Line (mesh)Animals (mesh)MiceInbred NOD (mesh)MiceKnockout (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceSCID (mesh)AnemiaSickle Cell (mesh)HemoglobinSickle (mesh)Mutation (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Adult (mesh)Adult Stem Cells (mesh)Heterografts (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Translational ResearchBiomedical (mesh)Adult (mesh)Adult Stem Cells (mesh)AnemiaSickle Cell (mesh)Animals (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Cell Line (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Hematopoietic Stem Cells (mesh)HemoglobinSickle (mesh)Heterografts (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred NOD (mesh)MiceKnockout (mesh)MiceSCID (mesh)Mutation (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Translational ResearchBiomedical (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)3206 Medical biotechnology (for-2020)4003 Biomedical engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7530b5tkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7530b5tk/qt7530b5tk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9336articleScience Translational Medicine, vol 8, iss 360360ra134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt641875162026-04-30T23:49:24Zqt64187516Beta-Decay Half-Lives beyond Ca54: A Systematic Survey of Decay Properties Approaching the Neutron DriplineOng, W-JXu, ZYGrzywacz, RRavlić, ACox, IAllmond, JMKing, TTRasco, BCRykaczewski, KPSchatz, HSherrill, BMTarasov, OBBrown, BAAjayi, SArora, HAyangeakaa, ADBerg, HCBerkman, JMBleuel, DLBosmpotinis, KCarpenter, MPCerizza, GChester, AChristie, JMCrawford, HLCrider, BPDavis, JDoetsch, AADuarte, JGEstrade, AFijalkowska, AFrantzis, CFukushima, KGaballah, TGray, TJGood, EHaak, KHanai, SHartley, ACHarke, JTHermansen, KHarris, CHausmann, MHoff, DEMHoskins, DHuffman, JJain, RKarny, MKitamura, NKolos, KKwan, ELaminack, ALiddick, SNLongfellow, BLubna, RSLyons, SMadurga, MMogannam, MNeupane, SNowicki, AOgunbeku, THOwens-Fryar, GPalomino, JRPortillo, MRajabali, MMRichard, ALRichardson, IRonning, ERose, GERuland, TScielzo, NDScriven, DPSeweryniak, DSiegl, KSingh, MSmith, MKSpyrou, AStepaniuk, MSweet, ATripathi, VTsantiri, AUthayakumaar, SWalters, WBWatters, SWolinska-Cichocka, MYokoyama, R2026-03-06In an experiment performed at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) using the FRIB Decay Station initiator, 15 new half-lives of isotopes near Ca54 were measured. A new method of extracting lifetimes from experimental data, taking into account the unknown β-delayed neutron emission branches of very neutron-rich nuclei, was developed to enable systematic uncertainty analysis. The experiment observed a dramatic change in the half-life systematics for the isotopes with neutron number N=34. Beyond N=34, the decline of nuclear lifetime is much slower, leading to longer than anticipated lifetimes for near-dripline nuclei. State-of-the-art shell-model calculations can explain the experimental results, revealing the imprint of shell effects and the need for modification of single-particle neutron states. The results from a newly developed quasirandom-phase approximation model with potential for making global predictions were also tested against the experimental results and good agreement was found.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Low Energy Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/64187516https://escholarship.org/content/qt64187516/qt64187516.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/5yrq-s3g5articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 136, iss 9092502oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4sx4373x2026-04-30T23:48:54Zqt4sx4373xZero-field Hall effect emerging from a non-Fermi liquid in a collinear antiferromagnet V1/3NbS2Ray, Mayukh KumarFu, MingxuanChen, YouzheChen, TaishiNomoto, TakuyaSakai, ShiroKitatani, MotoharuHirayama, MotoakiImajo, ShusakuTomita, TakahiroSakai, AkitoNishio-Hamane, DaisukeMcCandless, Gregory TSuzuki, Michi-ToXu, ZhijunZhao, YangFennell, TomKohama, YoshimitsuChan, Julia YArita, RyotaroBroholm, CollinNakatsuji, Satoru2025-01-01Magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a versatile three-dimensional (3D) material platform to explore quantum phenomena and functionalities that emerge from an intricate interplay among magnetism, band structure, and electronic correlations. Here, we report the observation of a nearly magnetization-free anomalous Hall effect (AHE) accompanied by non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior and collinear antiferromagnetism (AFM) in V1/3NbS2. Our single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements identify a commensurate, collinear AFM order formed by intercalated V moments. In the magnetically ordered state, the spontaneous AHE is tenfold greater than expected from empirical scaling with magnetization, and this strongly enhanced AHE arises in the NFL regime that violates the quasiparticle picture. V1/3NbS2 challenges the existing single-particle framework for understanding AHEs based on one-body Berry curvature and highlights the potential of magnetically intercalated TMDs to unveil new electronic functionalities where many-body correlations play a critical role.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sx4373xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4sx4373x/qt4sx4373x.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-025-58476-0articleNature Communications, vol 16, iss 13532oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jk9b7bc2026-04-30T23:48:50Zqt3jk9b7bcMeasurement of the Nucleon F2n/F2p Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering ExperimentAbrams, DAlbataineh, HAljawrneh, BSAlsalmi, SAndroic, DAniol, KArmstrong, WArrington, JAtac, HAverett, TGayoso, C AyerbeBai, XBane, JBarcus, SBeck, ABellini, VBhatt, HBhetuwal, DBiswas, DBlyth, DBoeglin, WBulumulla, DButler, JCamsonne, ACarmignotto, MCastellanos, JChen, J-PCohen, EOCovrig, SCraycraft, KCruz-Torres, RDongwi, BDuran, BDutta, DFuchey, EGal, CGautam, TNGilad, SGnanvo, KGogami, TGomez, JGu, CHabarakada, AHague, THansen, J-OHattawy, MHauenstein, FHiginbotham, DWHolt, RJHughes, EWHyde, CIbrahim, HJian, SJoosten, SKarki, AKarki, BKatramatou, ATKeith, CKeppel, CKhachatryan, MKhachatryan, VKhanal, AKievsky, AKing, DKing, PMKorover, IKulagin, SAKumar, KSKutz, TLashley-Colthirst, NLi, SLi, WLiu, HLiuti, SLiyanage, NMarkowitz, PMcClellan, REMeekins, DBeck, S Mey-TalMeziani, Z-EMichaels, RMihovilovic, MNelyubin, VNguyen, DNuruzzamanNycz, MObrecht, ROlson, MOwen, VFPace, EPandey, BPandey, VPaolone, MPapadopoulou, APark, SPaul, SPetratos, GGPetti, RPiasetzky, EPomatsalyuk, R2022-04-01The ratio of the nucleon F_{2} structure functions, F_{2}^{n}/F_{2}^{p}, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ^{3}H and ^{3}He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range 0.195106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jk9b7bcinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.128.132003articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 128, iss 13132003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8th606qh2026-04-30T23:48:43Zqt8th606qhSudden Cardiac Death and Myocardial Fibrosis, Determined by Autopsy, in Persons with HIVTseng, Zian HMoffatt, EllenKim, AnthonyVittinghoff, EricUrsell, PhilConnolly, AndrewOlgin, Jeffrey EWong, Joseph KHsue, Priscilla Y2021-06-17BACKGROUND: The incidence of sudden cardiac death and sudden death caused by arrhythmia, as determined by autopsy, in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has not been clearly established.
METHODS: Between February 1, 2011, and September 16, 2016, we prospectively identified all new deaths due to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among persons 18 to 90 years of age, with or without known HIV infection, for comprehensive autopsy and toxicologic and histologic testing. We compared the rates of sudden cardiac death and sudden death caused by arrhythmia between groups.
RESULTS: Of 109 deaths from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among 610 unexpected deaths in HIV-positive persons, 48 met World Health Organization criteria for presumed sudden cardiac death; of those, fewer than half (22) had an arrhythmic cause. A total of 505 presumed sudden cardiac deaths occurred between February 1, 2011, and March 1, 2014, in persons without known HIV infection. Observed incidence rates of presumed sudden cardiac death were 53.3 deaths per 100,000 person-years among persons with known HIV infection and 23.7 deaths per 100,000 person-years among persons without known HIV infection (incidence rate ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 to 3.70). Observed incidence rates of sudden death caused by arrhythmia were 25.0 and 13.3 deaths per 100,000 person-years, respectively (incidence rate ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.93 to 3.78). Among all presumed sudden cardiac deaths, death due to occult drug overdose was more common in persons with known HIV infection than in persons without known HIV infection (34% vs. 13%). Persons who were HIV-positive had higher histologic levels of interstitial myocardial fibrosis than persons without known HIV infection.
CONCLUSIONS: In this postmortem study, the rates of presumed sudden cardiac death and myocardial fibrosis were higher among HIV-positive persons than among those without known HIV infection. One third of apparent sudden cardiac deaths in HIV-positive persons were due to occult drug overdose. (Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.).32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Heart Disease (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Cardiovascular (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Autopsy (mesh)Cardiomyopathies (mesh)Cause of Death (mesh)DeathSuddenCardiac (mesh)Drug Overdose (mesh)Fibrosis (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV Seropositivity (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Myocardium (mesh)Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Myocardium (mesh)Humans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV Seropositivity (mesh)Cardiomyopathies (mesh)DeathSuddenCardiac (mesh)Fibrosis (mesh)Autopsy (mesh)Cause of Death (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (mesh)Drug Overdose (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Autopsy (mesh)Cardiomyopathies (mesh)Cause of Death (mesh)DeathSuddenCardiac (mesh)Drug Overdose (mesh)Fibrosis (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV Seropositivity (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Myocardium (mesh)Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)General & Internal Medicine (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8th606qhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8th606qh/qt8th606qh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1056/nejmoa1914279articleThe New England Journal of Medicine, vol 384, iss 242306 - 2316oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9sf515zf2026-04-30T23:48:10Zqt9sf515zfA Locality-Based Threading Algorithm for the Configuration-Interaction MethodShan, HongzhangWilliams, SamuelJohnson, CalvinMcElvain, Kenneth2017-05-01The Configuration Interaction (CI) method has been widely used to solve the non-relativistic many-body Schrödinger equation. One great challenge to implementing it efficiently on manycore architectures is its immense memory and data movement requirements. To address this issue, within each node, we exploit a hybrid MPI+OpenMP programming model in lieu of the traditional flat MPI programming model. In this paper, we develop optimizations that partition the workloads among OpenMP threads based on data locality, which is essential in ensuring applications with complex data access patterns scale well on manycore architectures. The new algorithm scales to 256 threads on the 64-core Intel Knights Landing (KNL) manycore processor and 24 threads on dual-socket Ivy Bridge (Xeon) nodes. Compared with the original implementation, the performance has been improved by up to 7× on the Knights Landing processor and 3× on the dual-socket Ivy Bridge node.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4601 Applied Computing (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sf515zfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9sf515zf/qt9sf515zf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/ipdpsw.2017.15article2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS (IPDPSW)1178 - 1187oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4200p6k42026-04-30T23:48:05Zqt4200p6k4Parallel implementation and performance optimization of the configuration-interaction methodShan, HongzhangWilliams, SamuelJohnson, CalvinMcElvain, KennethOrmand, W Erich2015-11-15The configuration-interaction (CI) method, long a popular approach to describe quantum many-body systems, is cast as a very large sparse matrix eigenpair problem with matrices whose dimension can exceed one billion. Such formulations place high demands on memory capacity and memory bandwidth --- two quantities at a premium today. In this paper, we describe an efficient, scalable implementation, BIGSTICK, which, by factorizing both the basis and the interaction into two levels, can reconstruct the nonzero matrix elements on the fly, reduce the memory requirements by one or two orders of magnitude, and enable researchers to trade reduced resources for increased computational time. We optimize BIGSTICK on two leading HPC platforms --- the Cray XC30 and the IBM Blue Gene/Q. Specifically, we not only develop an empirically-driven load balancing strategy that can evenly distribute the matrix-vector multiplication across 256K threads, we also developed techniques that improve the performance of the Lanczos reorthogonalization. Combined, these optimizations improved performance by 1.3-8 depending on platform and configuration.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4601 Applied Computing (for-2020)BIGSTICKconfiguration-interactionLanczoseigenvaluereorthogonalizationload balancingperformancescalabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4200p6k4https://escholarship.org/content/qt4200p6k4/qt4200p6k4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1145/2807591.2807618articlePROCEEDINGS OF SC15: THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, NETWORKING, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS, vol 15-20-November-20151 - 12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt29r4z5mx2026-04-30T23:44:40Zqt29r4z5mxVariable Renewable Energy Participation in U.S. Ancillary Services Markets: Economic Evaluation and Key IssuesKim, James HyungkwanKahrl, FredrichMills, AndrewWiser, RyanMontañés, Cristina CrespoGorman, Will2022-06-10This research estimates the economic value of standalone and hybrid (battery-paired) variable renewable energy (VRE) participation in ancillary services (AS) markets, from resource owner and electricity system perspectives, in each of the seven U.S. independent system operator and regional transmission organization (ISO/RTO) markets. Across ISO/RTO markets, average (2015–2019) simulated incremental revenues from regulation market participation were $0.0-2.9/MWh (+0-15% of revenue without participation) for standalone VRE owners and $1-33/MWh (+1-69%) for hybrid VRE owners. In most markets, standalone and hybrid VRE were able to provide regulation reserves during periods with high regulation prices, suggesting that VRE participation in AS markets could have high system value. The analysis highlights the value of separate upward and downward regulation products and suggests that ISOs/RTOs might consider initially focusing on enabling hybrid VRE provision of AS.38 Economics (for-2020)3801 Applied Economics (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)Variable renewable energyancillary serviceselectricity marketsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/29r4z5mxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt29r4z5mx/qt29r4z5mx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938709articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5nq7w8mx2026-04-30T23:44:16Zqt5nq7w8mxVariations by Education Status in Relationships Between Alcohol/Pregnancy Policies and Birth Outcomes and Prenatal Care Utilization: A Legal Epidemiology StudyRoberts, Sarah CMMericle, Amy ASubbaraman, Meenakshi SThomas, SueKerr, WilliamBerglas, Nancy F2020-03-01CONTEXT: Previous research finds that some state policies regarding alcohol use during pregnancy (alcohol/pregnancy policies) increase low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), decrease prenatal care utilization, and have inconclusive relationships with alcohol use during pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: This research examines whether effects of 8 alcohol/pregnancy policies vary by education status, hypothesizing that health benefits of policies will be concentrated among women with more education and health harms will be concentrated among women with less education.
METHODS: This study uses 1972-2015 Vital Statistics data, 1985-2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, policy data from National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's Alcohol Policy Information System and original legal research, and state-level control variables. Analyses include multivariable logistic regressions with education-policy interaction terms as main predictors.
RESULTS: The impact of alcohol/pregnancy policies varied by education status for PTB and LBW for all policies, for prenatal care use for some policies, and generally did not vary for alcohol use for any policy. Hypotheses were not supported. Five policies had adverse effects on PTB and LBW for high school graduates. Six policies had adverse effects on PTB and LBW for women with more than high school education. In contrast, 2 policies had beneficial effects on PTB and/or LBW for women with less than high school education. For prenatal care, patterns were generally similar, with adverse effects concentrated among women with more education and beneficial effects among women with less education. Although associations between policies and alcohol use during pregnancy varied by education, there was no clear pattern.
CONCLUSIONS: Effects of alcohol/pregnancy policies on birth outcomes and prenatal care use vary by education status, with women with more education typically experiencing health harms and women with less education either not experiencing the harms or experiencing health benefits. New policy approaches that reduce harms related to alcohol use during pregnancy are needed. Public health professionals should take the lead on identifying and developing policy approaches that reduce harms related to alcohol use during pregnancy.4204 Midwifery (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Pregnancy (rcdc)Maternal Health (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Infant Mortality (rcdc)AlcoholismAlcohol Use and Health (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing (hrcs-rac)Reproductive health and childbirth (hrcs-hc)4 Quality Education (sdg)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Alcohol Drinking (mesh)Educational Status (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)InfantLow Birth Weight (mesh)InfantNewborn (mesh)Legal Epidemiology (mesh)Patient Acceptance of Health Care (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Pregnancy Complications (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Premature Birth (mesh)Prenatal Care (mesh)State Government (mesh)alcoholdisparitieslegal epidemiologypolicypregnancyHumans (mesh)Pregnancy Complications (mesh)Premature Birth (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Prenatal Care (mesh)Alcohol Drinking (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)State Government (mesh)Adult (mesh)InfantNewborn (mesh)InfantLow Birth Weight (mesh)Educational Status (mesh)Patient Acceptance of Health Care (mesh)Female (mesh)Legal Epidemiology (mesh)Adult (mesh)Alcohol Drinking (mesh)Educational Status (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)InfantLow Birth Weight (mesh)InfantNewborn (mesh)Legal Epidemiology (mesh)Patient Acceptance of Health Care (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Pregnancy Complications (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Premature Birth (mesh)Prenatal Care (mesh)State Government (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nq7w8mxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5nq7w8mx/qt5nq7w8mx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1097/phh.0000000000001069articleJournal of Public Health Management and Practice, vol 26, iss 2s71 - s83oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2nj7v2hq2026-04-30T23:44:04Zqt2nj7v2hqBioinformatic Discovery of a Cambialistic MonooxygenaseLiu, ChangPowell, Magan MRao, GuodongBritt, R DavidRittle, Jonathan2024-01-24Dinuclear monooxygenases mediate challenging C-H bond oxidation reactions throughout nature. Many of these enzymes are presumed to exclusively utilize diiron cofactors. Herein we report the bioinformatic discovery of an orphan dinuclear monooxygenase that preferentially utilizes a heterobimetallic manganese-iron (Mn/Fe) cofactor to mediate an O2-dependent C-H bond hydroxylation reaction. Unlike the structurally similar Mn/Fe-dependent monooxygenase AibH2, the diiron form of this enzyme (SfbO) exhibits a nascent enzymatic activity. This behavior raises the possibility that many other dinuclear monooxygenases may be endowed with the capacity to harness cofactors with a variable metal content.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Mixed Function Oxygenases (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Iron (mesh)Manganese (mesh)Iron (mesh)Manganese (mesh)Mixed Function Oxygenases (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Mixed Function Oxygenases (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Iron (mesh)Manganese (mesh)03 Chemical Sciences (for)General Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nj7v2hqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2nj7v2hq/qt2nj7v2hq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/jacs.3c12131articleJournal of the American Chemical Society, vol 146, iss 31783 - 1788oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt80q6b2gt2026-04-30T23:44:00Zqt80q6b2gtElectrochemical cofactor recycling of bacterial microcompartmentsSutter, MarkusUtschig, Lisa MNiklas, JensPaul, SathiKahan, Darren NGupta, SayanPoluektov, Oleg GFerlez, Bryan HTefft, Nicholas MTerAvest, Michaela AHickey, David PVermaas, Josh VRalston, Corie YKerfeld, Cheryl A2024-12-03Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are prokaryotic organelles that consist of a protein shell which sequesters metabolic reactions in its interior. While most of the substrates and products are relatively small and can permeate the shell, many of the encapsulated enzymes require cofactors that must be regenerated inside. We have analyzed the occurrence of an enzyme previously assigned as a cobalamin (vitamin B12) reductase and, curiously, found it in many unrelated BMC types that do not employ B12 cofactors. We propose Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) regeneration as the function of this enzyme and name it Metabolosome Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase (MNdh). Its partner shell protein BMC-TSE (tandem domain BMC shell protein of the single layer type for electron transfer) assists in passing the generated electrons to the outside. We support this hypothesis with bioinformatic analysis, functional assays, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy, protein voltammetry, and structural modeling verified with X-ray footprinting. This finding represents a paradigm for the BMC field, identifying a new, widely occurring route for cofactor recycling and a new function for the shell as separating redox environments.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)NAD (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Vitamin B 12 (mesh)Coenzymes (mesh)Electron Transport (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)bacterial microcompartmentmetabolosomecofactor recyclingbacterial microcompartmentmetabolosomecofactor recyclingBacteria (mesh)Vitamin B 12 (mesh)Coenzymes (mesh)NAD (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)Electron Transport (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)bacterial microcompartmentcofactor recyclingmetabolosomeBacterial Proteins (mesh)NAD (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Vitamin B 12 (mesh)Coenzymes (mesh)Electron Transport (mesh)Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (mesh)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/80q6b2gthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt80q6b2gt/qt80q6b2gt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.2414220121articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 121, iss 49e2414220121oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3zd030hf2026-04-30T23:40:50Zqt3zd030hfFailure Process During Fast Charging of Lithium Metal Batteries with Weakly Solvating Fluoroether ElectrolytesChen, YuelangYu, ZhiaoGong, HuaxinZhang, WenboRudnicki, Paul EHuang, ZhuojunYu, WeilaiKim, Sang CheolBoyle, David TSayavong, PhilaphonCelik, HasanXu, RongLin, YangjuWang, ShaoyangQin, JianCui, YiBao, Zhenan2024-07-18While improving the lithium metal (Li) Coulombic efficiency has been a focus for electrolyte design, the performance under high current densities is less studied yet highly relevant for practical applications. Here, we evaluate the charge-rate-dependent cycling stability using three types of weakly solvating fluoroether electrolytes. Although good cycle life was achieved in all three electrolytes under low current densities, they all exhibited a soft shorting behavior above various threshold current densities (between 2 and 5.2 mA cm–2). We attributed the current-dependent electrode morphology to both Li growth and residual solid electrolyte interface (rSEI) growth processes. In early cycles, Li morphology guided the formation of rSEI structures. In later cycles, the rSEI structure partially impacted Li growth. Under low current densities, the rSEI was inhomogeneous with large voids for subsequent bulky lithium growth. Under high current densities, the rSEI became more dense, which aggravated the high-surface/volume-ratio Li growth through and on the top of the rSEI. Among the three weakly solvating fluoroether electrolytes, the ones with lower ionic conductivity were observed to short within fewer cycles and at lower charge current densities. Our work suggests that fast ion transport in electrolytes may be a desirable feature for the stable operation at >1C charging in high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)10 Technology (for)Physical Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zd030hfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3zd030hf/qt3zd030hf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01740articleThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 128, iss 2811487 - 11497oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4mj2z7gk2026-04-30T23:40:46Zqt4mj2z7gkHepatitis C Viremia and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV-Infected IndividualsLucas, Gregory MJing, YuezhouSulkowski, MarkAbraham, Alison GEstrella, Michelle MAtta, Mohamed GFine, Derek MKlein, Marina BSilverberg, Michael JGill, M JohnMoore, Richard DGebo, Kelly ASterling, Timothy RButt, Adeel Afor the NA-ACCORD of the IeDEAKirk, Gregory DBenson, Constance ABosch, Ronald JCollier, Ann CBoswell, StephenGrasso, ChrisMayer, KenHogg, Robert SHarrigan, RichardMontaner, JulioCescon, AngelaBrooks, John TBuchacz, KateGebo, Kelly AMoore, Richard DCarey, John TRodriguez, BenignoHorberg, Michael ASilverberg, Michael JHorberg, Michael AThorne, Jennifer EGoedert, James JJacobson, Lisa PKlein, Marina BRourke, Sean BBurchell, AnnRachlis, Anita RRico, PuertoHunter-Mellado, Robert FMayor, Angel MGill, M JohnDeeks, Steven GMartin, Jeffrey NPatel, PragnaBrooks, John TSaag, Michael SMugavero, Michael JWillig, JamesEron, Joseph JNapravnik, SoniaKitahata, Mari MCrane, Heidi MJustice, Amy CDubrow, RobertFiellin, DavidSterling, Timothy RHaas, DavidBebawy, SallyTurner, MeganGange, Stephen JAnastos, KathrynMoore, Richard DSaag, Michael SGange, Stephen JKitahata, Mari MMcKaig, Rosemary GJustice, Amy CFreeman, Aimee MMoore, Richard DFreeman, Aimee MLent, CarolKitahata, Mari MVan Rompaey, Stephen ECrane, Heidi MWebster, EricMorton, LizSimon, BrendaGange, Stephen JAlthoff, Keri NAbraham, Alison GLau, BryanZhang, JinbingJing, JerryGolub, ElizabethModur, ShariHanna, David BRebeiro, PeterWong, CheriseMendes, Adell2013-10-15BACKGROUND: The role of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk has not been clarified.
METHODS: We compared CKD incidence in a large cohort of HIV-infected subjects who were HCV seronegative, HCV viremic (detectable HCV RNA), or HCV aviremic (HCV seropositive, undetectable HCV RNA). Stages 3 and 5 CKD were defined according to standard criteria. Progressive CKD was defined as a sustained 25% glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decrease from baseline to a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We used Cox models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: A total of 52 602 HCV seronegative, 9508 HCV viremic, and 913 HCV aviremic subjects were included. Compared with HCV seronegative subjects, HCV viremic subjects were at increased risk for stage 3 CKD (adjusted HR 1.36 [95% CI, 1.26, 1.46]), stage 5 CKD (1.95 [1.64, 2.31]), and progressive CKD (1.31 [1.19, 1.44]), while HCV aviremic subjects were also at increased risk for stage 3 CKD (1.19 [0.98, 1.45]), stage 5 CKD (1.69 [1.07, 2.65]), and progressive CKD (1.31 [1.02, 1.68]).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with HIV-infected subjects who were HCV seronegative, both HCV viremic and HCV aviremic individuals were at increased risk for moderate and advanced CKD.3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Digestive Diseases (rcdc)Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Kidney Disease (rcdc)Liver Disease (rcdc)Hepatitis (rcdc)Hepatitis - C (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)Renal and urogenital (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Canada (mesh)Chi-Square Distribution (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Glomerular Filtration Rate (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Hepacivirus (mesh)Hepatitis C (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Proportional Hazards Models (mesh)RNAViral (mesh)Renal InsufficiencyChronic (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)United States (mesh)Viremia (mesh)NA-ACCORD of the IeDEAHumans (mesh)Hepacivirus (mesh)Viremia (mesh)Hepatitis C (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)RNAViral (mesh)Glomerular Filtration Rate (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Proportional Hazards Models (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Chi-Square Distribution (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Canada (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Renal InsufficiencyChronic (mesh)HIVchronic kidney diseasecohort studyglomerular filtration ratehepatitis C RNAhepatitis C virusinjection drug useAdult (mesh)Canada (mesh)Chi-Square Distribution (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Glomerular Filtration Rate (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Hepacivirus (mesh)Hepatitis C (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Proportional Hazards Models (mesh)RNAViral (mesh)Renal InsufficiencyChronic (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)United States (mesh)Viremia (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mj2z7gkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4mj2z7gk/qt4mj2z7gk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/infdis/jit373articleJournal of Infectious Diseases, vol 208, iss 81240 - 1249oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1jx1m99h2026-04-30T23:40:42Zqt1jx1m99hPlay provides social connection for older adults with serious mental illness: A grounded theory analysis of a 10-week exergame interventionDobbins, SarahHubbard, ErinFlentje, AnnesaDawson-Rose, CarolLeutwyler, Heather2020-04-02Introduction: The number of older adults with serious mental illness (SMI) is predicted to reach 15 million by 2030. Social isolation is known to contribute to morbidity and mortality, and those with SMI experience more social isolation than older adults in the general population. Social isolation in these older adults is complex and involves factors including organic psychopathology, effects of medications and/or other substances, medical co-morbidity, disability, and social stigma. The burgeoning field of inquiry of exergames, which are video games with gestural interfaces, for older adults has found that they are safe, effective, enjoyable, and may decrease social isolation. This qualitative study was conducted to gain insight into the effects of group exergame play on the psychosocial wellbeing of older adults with SMI.Methods: We explored the psychosocial effects of a 10-week group exergame program for 16 older adults with SMI using grounded theory methodology within a symbolic interactionist framework.Results: Participants experienced positive social contact, engaged in social attunement, and expressed motivation to take risks and face problem-solving and physical challenges. Two interrelated concepts emerged from the integrated data: Social connectedness and competence. The theoretical construct that was abducted from these concepts was that play and playfulness were the vehicle for many interacting social processes to take place.Conclusion: Group play through exergames for older adults with SMI may promote recovery and healthy aging by increasing social integration, improving self-efficacy, and promoting physical health through exercise.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Aging (rcdc)Mental Illness (rcdc)Rehabilitation (rcdc)Physical Activity (rcdc)Serious Mental Illness (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Schizophrenia (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)Mental health (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Aged (mesh)Exercise (mesh)Exercise Therapy (mesh)Female (mesh)Grounded Theory (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Mental Disorders (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Play Therapy (mesh)Video Games (mesh)Agingexergamesmental illnessplaysocial connectionHumans (mesh)Play Therapy (mesh)Exercise (mesh)Exercise Therapy (mesh)Mental Disorders (mesh)Video Games (mesh)Aged (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Grounded Theory (mesh)Agingexergamesmental illnessplaysocial connectionAged (mesh)Exercise (mesh)Exercise Therapy (mesh)Female (mesh)Grounded Theory (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Mental Disorders (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Play Therapy (mesh)Video Games (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)16 Studies in Human Society (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Geriatrics (science-metrix)42 Health sciences (for-2020)44 Human society (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jx1m99hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1jx1m99h/qt1jx1m99h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1080/13607863.2018.1544218articleAging & Mental Health, vol 24, iss 4596 - 603oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0sq1h8hw2026-04-30T23:40:31Zqt0sq1h8hwTesting and demonstration of model predictive control applied to a radiant slab cooling system in a building test facilityPang, XiufengDuarte, CarlosHaves, PhilipChuang, Frank2018-08-01Radiant slab systems have the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings. However, control of radiant slab systems is challenging. Classical feedback control is inadequate due to the large thermal inertia of the systems and heuristic feed-forward control often leads to unacceptable indoor comfort and may not achieve the full energy savings potential. Model predictive control (MPC) is now attracting increasing interest in the building industry and holds promise for radiant systems. However, an often-cited barrier to its implementation in the building industry is the high computational cost and complexity relative to the feedback controls used in conventional systems. The objectives of this study were to (i) verify the correct operation of an open source MPC toolchain developed for radiant slab systems, and (ii) demonstrate its efficacy in a test facility. A matched pair of cells in the FLEXLAB building test facility at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used in the study. The proposed MPC toolchain was implemented in one cell and the performance compared to that of the other cell, which used a conventional heuristic control strategy. The results showed that the simplified MPC approach applied in the toolchain worked as expected and realized energy savings over the conventional control strategy. The MPC yielded 42% chilled water pump power reduction and 16% cooling thermal energy savings, while maintaining equal or better indoor comfort.4007 Control EngineeringMechatronics and Robotics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Radiant slab systemsModel predictive controlEnergy performanceExperimental studyFLEXLAB09 Engineering (for)12 Built Environment and Design (for)Building & Construction (science-metrix)33 Built environment and design (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sq1h8hwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0sq1h8hw/qt0sq1h8hw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.05.013articleEnergy and Buildings, vol 172432 - 441oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5mw8c6j72026-04-30T23:40:27Zqt5mw8c6j7Ultrafast Terahertz Field Control of the Emergent Magnetic and Electronic Interactions at Oxide InterfacesDerrico, Abigail MBasini, MartinaUnikandanunni, VivekPaudel, Jay RKareev, MikhailTerilli, MichaelWu, Tsung‐ChiAlostaz, AfnanKlewe, ChristophShafer, PadraicGloskovskii, AndreiSchlueter, ChristophSchneider, Claus MChakhalian, JakBonetti, StefanoGray, Alexander X2026-02-01Ultrafast electric-field control of emergent electronic and magnetic states at oxide interfaces offers exciting prospects for the development of the next generation of energy-efficient devices. Here, it is demonstrated that the electronic structure and emergent ferromagnetic interfacial state in epitaxial LaNiO3/CaMnO3 superlattices can be effectively controlled using intense, single-cycle THz electric-field pulses. A suite of advanced X-ray spectroscopic techniques is employed to measure a detailed magneto-optical profile and the thickness of the ferromagnetic interfacial layer. Then, a combination of time-resolved and temperature-dependent optical measurements is used to disentangle several correlated electronic and magnetic processes driven by ultrafast, high-field THz pulses. Sub-picosecond non-equilibrium Joule heating of the electronic system is observed, ultrafast demagnetization of the ferromagnetic interfacial layer, and slower dynamics indicative of a change in the magnetic state of the superlattice due to the transfer of spin-angular momentum to the lattice. These findings suggest a promising avenue for the efficient control of 2D ferromagnetic states at oxide interfaces using ultrafast electric-field pulses.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)complex oxide heterostructuresinterfacial ferromagnetismultrafast dynamicsX-ray spectroscopy and scatteringX‐ray spectroscopy and scatteringcomplex oxide heterostructuresinterfacial ferromagnetismultrafast dynamics02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mw8c6j7https://escholarship.org/content/qt5mw8c6j7/qt5mw8c6j7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/adma.202512328articleAdvanced Materials, vol 38, iss 8e12328oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt72x0x9gf2026-04-30T23:40:22Zqt72x0x9gfElectronic Structure of the Alternating Monolayer-Trilayer Phase of La3Ni2O7Abadi, SebastienXu, Ke-JunLomeli, Eder GPuphal, PascalIsobe, MasahikoZhong, YongFedorov, Alexei VMo, Sung-KwanHashimoto, MakotoLu, Dong-HuiMoritz, BrianKeimer, BernhardDevereaux, Thomas PHepting, MatthiasShen, Zhi-Xun2025-03-28Recent studies of La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7} have identified a bilayer (2222) structure and an unexpected alternating monolayer-trilayer (1313) structure, both of which feature signatures of superconductivity near 80 K under high pressures. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we measure the electronic structure of 1313 samples. In contrast to the previously studied 2222 structure, we find that the 1313 structure hosts a flat band with a markedly different binding energy, as well as an additional electron pocket and band splittings. By comparison to local-density approximation calculations, we find renormalizations of the Ni-d_{z^{2}} and Ni-d_{x^{2}-y^{2}} derived bands to be about 5 to 7 and about 4, respectively, suggesting strong correlation effects. These results reveal important differences in the electronic structure brought about by the distinct structural motifs with the same stoichiometry. Such differences may be relevant to the putative high temperature superconductivity.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/72x0x9gfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt72x0x9gf/qt72x0x9gf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.134.126001articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 134, iss 12126001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9gb4t2xz2026-04-30T23:40:16Zqt9gb4t2xzDirect experimental evidence of tunable charge transfer at the LaNiO3/CaMnO3 ferromagnetic interfacePaudel, JRTerilli, MWu, T-CGrassi, JDDerrico, AMSah, RKKareev, MWen, FKlewe, CShafer, PGloskovskii, ASchlueter, CStrocov, VNChakhalian, JGray, AX2023-08-01Interfacial charge transfer in oxide heterostructures gives rise to a rich variety of electronic and magnetic phenomena. Designing heterostructures where one of the thin-film components exhibits a metal-insulator transition opens a promising avenue for controlling such phenomena both statically and dynamically. In this work, we utilize a combination of depth-resolved soft x-ray standing-wave and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies in conjunction with polarization-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the effects of the metal-insulator transition in LaNiO3 on the electronic and magnetic states at the LaNiO3/CaMnO3 interface. We report a direct observation of the reduced effective valence state of the interfacial Mn cations in the metallic superlattice with an above-critical LaNiO3 thickness (6 unit cells, u.c.) facilitated by the charge transfer of itinerant Ni3deg electrons into the interfacial CaMnO3 layer. Conversely, in an insulating superlattice with a below-critical LaNiO3 thickness of 2u.c., a homogeneous effective valence state of Mn is observed throughout the CaMnO3 layers due to the blockage of charge transfer across the interface. The ability to switch and tune interfacial charge transfer enables precise control of the emergent ferromagnetic state at the LaNiO3/CaMnO3 interface and, thus, has far-reaching consequences on the future strategies for the design of next-generation spintronic devices.40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gb4t2xzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9gb4t2xz/qt9gb4t2xz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevb.108.054441articlePhysical Review B, vol 108, iss 5054441oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt33b1t8cj2026-04-30T23:39:48Zqt33b1t8cjTesting a social network approach to promote HIV self-testing and linkage to care among fishermen at Lake Victoria: study protocol for the Owete cluster randomized controlled trialSheira, Lila AKwena, Zachary ACharlebois, Edwin DAgot, KawangoAyieko, BenardGandhi, MonicaBukusi, Elizabeth AThirumurthy, HarshaCamlin, Carol S2022-12-01BackgroundNearly 50% of men living with HIV in many countries are unaware of their HIV status; men also have lower uptake of HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In SSA, highly mobile men such as those working in fishing communities alongside Lake Victoria have low uptake of HIV testing and low rates of linkage to HIV treatment and PrEP, despite increasing availability of these services. HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits hold promise for overcoming barriers to HIV testing and linkage to services for HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. We describe here a protocol for an HIV status-neutral, social network-based approach to promote HIV testing, linkage to care and prevention, and better health outcomes, including adherence, in fishermen around Lake Victoria.MethodsUtilizing beach management unit (BMU) registries of fishermen operating in three Lake Victoria fishing communities in Siaya County, Kenya, we completed a census and social network mapping to identify close social networks of men. Network clusters identified by a socially-central lead (“promotor”) and selected to ensure maximal separation between treatment and control will be randomized. Promotors in both arms will receive basic HIV training; intervention promotors are further trained in HIVST to distribute kits to their cluster, while control promotors will distribute to their cluster vouchers for free HIVST at nearby clinics. We will test whether these promoters can enhance linkage to ART and PrEP after self-testing, thereby addressing a key limitation of HIVST. We will also measure 6- and 12-month viral load in those living with HIV and PrEP adherence among those without HIV via urine tenofovir levels as objective markers of adherence.DiscussionThis study has the potential to improve HIV health and promote HIV prevention among a hard to reach, at-risk, and highly mobile population of men in Western Kenya—a critical population in Kenya’s HIV prevention and treatment program. Further, if successful, this innovative social networks-based model could be scaled at the regional level to address HIV prevention and care among similarly at-risk populations of men in eastern Africa and inland fisheries settings across the continent.Trial registrationSelf-Test Strategies and Linkage Incentives to Improve ART and PrEP Uptake in Men, registered on February 26, 2021, registration #NCT04772469.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Health Services (rcdc)Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Pediatric AIDS (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV Testing (mesh)Humans (mesh)Lakes (mesh)Male (mesh)Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic (mesh)Self-Testing (mesh)Social Networking (mesh)HIV self-testingMenPrEPUrine adherence testingSocial networksCluster randomized controlled trialHIV and human mobilityHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Male (mesh)Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic (mesh)Lakes (mesh)Social Networking (mesh)HIV Testing (mesh)Self-Testing (mesh)Cluster randomized controlled trialHIV and human mobilityHIV self-testingMenPrEPSocial networksUrine adherence testingHIV Infections (mesh)HIV Testing (mesh)Humans (mesh)Lakes (mesh)Male (mesh)Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic (mesh)Self-Testing (mesh)Social Networking (mesh)1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology (for)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)Cardiovascular System & Hematology (science-metrix)General & Internal Medicine (science-metrix)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/33b1t8cjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt33b1t8cj/qt33b1t8cj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s13063-022-06409-3articleTrials, vol 23, iss 1463oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt27c8f7fn2026-04-30T23:39:32Zqt27c8f7fnFood insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV in the United States: a cross‐sectional analysisTan, Judy YSheira, Lila AFrongillo, Edward AGustafson, DeborahSharma, AnjaliMerenstein, DanielCohen, Mardge HGolub, ElizabethEdmonds, AndrewOfotokun, IghoFischl, MargaretKonkle‐Parker, DeborahNeilands, TorstenTien, PhyllisWeiser, Sheri D2021-06-01INTRODUCTION: Frailty is frequently observed among people with HIV, and food insecurity is associated with frailty in the general population. Evidence is scarce on the associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with HIV who may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of food insecurity. The goal of this study was to assess associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV.
METHODS: There were 1265 participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study who participated in frailty assessments in 2017. Frailty was measured using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, and women were subsequently categorized as robust, pre-frail or frail. Food insecurity was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, with women categorized as having high, marginal, low or very low food security. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to examine cross-sectional associations between food insecurity and frailty while adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioural and HIV status covariates.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Approximately one-third (31.9%) of the women had marginal, low or very low food security, and the proportions of women who met the criteria for frailty or pre-frailty were 55.6% and 12.4% respectively. In the adjusted model, the relative risk ratio (RRR) of frailty for women with very low food security versus women with high food security was 3.37 (95% CI [1.38 to 8.24], p < 0.01); the corresponding RRR of pre-frailty was 3.63 (95% CI [1.76 to 7.51], p < 0.001). Higher annual household income was associated with lower RRRs of frailty or pre-frailty (p < 0.01). Similarly, older age was associated with more frequent frailty (RRR=1.06, 95% CI [1.03 to 1.09], p < 0.001). HIV serostatus was not significantly associated with either pre-frailty (RRR=0.97, 95% CI [0.71 to 1.31]) or frailty (RRR=0.75, 95% CI [0.48 to 1.16]).
CONCLUSIONS: Very low food security was associated with more frequent frailty and pre-frailty among women with and without for HIV. HIV serostatus was not associated with frailty.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Aging (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)Aged (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Insecurity (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Frailty (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)United States (mesh)Food insecurityfrailtyHIVwomenHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Aged (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Frailty (mesh)Food Insecurity (mesh)Food insecurityHIVfrailtywomenAged (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Insecurity (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Frailty (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)United States (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences (for)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/27c8f7fnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt27c8f7fn/qt27c8f7fn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/jia2.25751articleJournal of the International AIDS Society, vol 24, iss 6e25751oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4pq9h9rv2026-04-30T23:39:28Zqt4pq9h9rvConstrained chromatin accessibility in PU.1-mutated agammaglobulinemia patientsLe Coz, CaroleNguyen, David NSu, ChunNolan, Brian EAlbrecht, Amanda VXhani, SuelaSun, DiDemaree, BenjaminPillarisetti, PiyushKhanna, CarolineWright, FrancisChen, Peixin AmyYoon, SamuelStiegler, Amy LMaurer, KellyGarifallou, James PRymaszewski, AmyKroft, Steven HOlson, Timothy SSeif, Alix EWertheim, GeraldGrant, Struan FAVo, Linda TPuck, Jennifer MSullivan, Kathleen ERoutes, John MZakharova, ViktoriaShcherbina, AnnaMukhina, AnnaRudy, Natasha LHurst, Anna CEAtkinson, T PrescottBoggon, Titus JHakonarson, HakonAbate, Adam RHajjar, JoudNicholas, Sarah KLupski, James RVerbsky, JamesChinn, Ivan KGonzalez, Michael VWells, Andrew DMarson, AlexPoon, Gregory MKRomberg, Neil2021-07-05The pioneer transcription factor (TF) PU.1 controls hematopoietic cell fate by decompacting stem cell heterochromatin and allowing nonpioneer TFs to enter otherwise inaccessible genomic sites. PU.1 deficiency fatally arrests lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis in mice, but human congenital PU.1 disorders have not previously been described. We studied six unrelated agammaglobulinemic patients, each harboring a heterozygous mutation (four de novo, two unphased) of SPI1, the gene encoding PU.1. Affected patients lacked circulating B cells and possessed few conventional dendritic cells. Introducing disease-similar SPI1 mutations into human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells impaired early in vitro B cell and myeloid cell differentiation. Patient SPI1 mutations encoded destabilized PU.1 proteins unable to nuclear localize or bind target DNA. In PU.1-haploinsufficient pro-B cell lines, euchromatin was less accessible to nonpioneer TFs critical for B cell development, and gene expression patterns associated with the pro- to pre-B cell transition were undermined. Our findings molecularly describe a novel form of agammaglobulinemia and underscore PU.1's critical, dose-dependent role as a hematopoietic euchromatin gatekeeper.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3201 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology (for-2020)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Regenerative Medicine (rcdc)Hematology (rcdc)Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human (rcdc)Stem Cell Research (rcdc)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Agammaglobulinemia (mesh)B-Lymphocytes (mesh)Cell Differentiation (mesh)Cell Line (mesh)Child (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Chromatin (mesh)Dendritic Cells (mesh)Female (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)HEK293 Cells (mesh)Hematopoiesis (mesh)Hematopoietic Stem Cells (mesh)Humans (mesh)Infant (mesh)Lymphopoiesis (mesh)Male (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Precursor CellsB-Lymphoid (mesh)Proto-Oncogene Proteins (mesh)Stem Cells (mesh)Trans-Activators (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)B-Lymphocytes (mesh)Dendritic Cells (mesh)Hematopoietic Stem Cells (mesh)Cell Line (mesh)Chromatin (mesh)Stem Cells (mesh)Humans (mesh)Agammaglobulinemia (mesh)Trans-Activators (mesh)Proto-Oncogene Proteins (mesh)Cell Differentiation (mesh)Hematopoiesis (mesh)Lymphopoiesis (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Child (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Infant (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Precursor CellsB-Lymphoid (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)HEK293 Cells (mesh)Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1 (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Agammaglobulinemia (mesh)B-Lymphocytes (mesh)Cell Differentiation (mesh)Cell Line (mesh)Child (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Chromatin (mesh)Dendritic Cells (mesh)Female (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)HEK293 Cells (mesh)Hematopoiesis (mesh)Hematopoietic Stem Cells (mesh)Humans (mesh)Infant (mesh)Lymphopoiesis (mesh)Male (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Precursor CellsB-Lymphoid (mesh)Proto-Oncogene Proteins (mesh)Stem Cells (mesh)Trans-Activators (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1 (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Immunology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pq9h9rvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4pq9h9rv/qt4pq9h9rv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1084/jem.20201750articleJournal of Experimental Medicine, vol 218, iss 7e20201750oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9pd8w93w2026-04-30T23:36:24Zqt9pd8w93wSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood from the San Francisco Bay AreaNg, Dianna LGoldgof, Gregory MShy, Brian RLevine, Andrew GBalcerek, JoannaBapat, Sagar PProstko, JohnRodgers, MaryColler, KellyPearce, SandyFranz, SergejDu, LiStone, MarsPillai, Satish KSotomayor-Gonzalez, AliciaServellita, VeniceSan Martin, Claudia SanchezGranados, AndreaGlasner, Dustin RHan, Lucy MTruong, KentAkagi, NaomiNguyen, David NNeumann, Neil MQazi, DanielHsu, ElaineGu, WeiSantos, Yale ACuster, BrianGreen, ValerieWilliamson, PhillipHills, Nancy KLu, Chuanyi MWhitman, Jeffrey DStramer, SusanWang, CandaceReyes, KevinHakim, Jill MCSujishi, KirkAlazzeh, FaribaPham, LoriOon, Ching-YingMiller, SteveKurtz, TheodoreHackett, JohnSimmons, GrahamBusch, Michael PChiu, Charles Y2020-05-25We report very low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two San Francisco Bay Area populations. Seropositivity was 0.26% in 387 hospitalized patients admitted for non-respiratory indications and 0.1% in 1,000 blood donors. We additionally describe the longitudinal dynamics of immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin-M, and in vitro neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients. Neutralizing antibodies rise in tandem with immunoglobulin levels following symptom onset, exhibiting median time to seroconversion within one day of each other, and there is >93% positive percent agreement between detection of immunoglobulin-G and neutralizing titers.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Coronaviruses (rcdc)Coronaviruses Therapeutics and Interventions (rcdc)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pd8w93whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9pd8w93w/qt9pd8w93w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1101/2020.05.19.20107482articlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, vol 1, iss 06-052020.05.19.20107482oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84g1v04c2026-04-30T23:36:12Zqt84g1v04cDisentangling individual and neighborhood differences in the intention to quit smoking in Asian American male smokersVyas, PriyankaTsoh, Janice YGildengorin, GinnyStewart, Susan LYu, EdgarGuan, AlicePham, AmberBurke, Nancy JMcPhee, Steven J2020-06-01Numerous studies have assessed individual-level factors associated with intention to quit smoking. However, fewer studies have assessed how neighborhood and built environment also contribute towards individual-level behavior. We used baseline data of 340 Chinese and Vietnamese male daily smokers from August 2015 to November 2017 living in the San Francisco Bay Area, who enrolled in a lifestyle intervention trial. The outcome variable was intention to quit in 30 days. To understand the role of contextual factors participants' residential addresses were geocoded, and neighborhood median income, ethnic composition, and tobacco retail density were computed. Individual level analysis suggested that Vietnamese American men had greater intention to quit smoking (OR = 2.90 CI = 1.59, 5.26) in comparison to Chinese Americans. However, after adding neighborhood level factors to the model, no ethnic group difference was observed. Neighborhood household median income (OR = 0.74, CI = 0.64, 0.86) and tobacco retail counts (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.67, 0.94) were negatively associated with intention to quit. Years lived in the U.S. was the only individual level factor associated with intention to quit. By comparing two Asian American groups that live in heterogeneous neighborhoods, we identify key environmental and policy drivers that are associated with quit intention. Future studies aimed at influencing individual-level behavior should take into consideration the neighborhood context and built environment characteristics.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Prevention (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Tobacco Smoke and Health (rcdc)Tobacco (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing (hrcs-rac)Stroke (hrcs-hc)Respiratory (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Tobacco useAsian AmericansTobacco retailersNeighborhood characteristicsGeographic variationAsian AmericansGeographic variationNeighborhood characteristicsTobacco retailersTobacco use1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84g1v04chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt84g1v04c/qt84g1v04c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101064articlePreventive Medicine Reports, vol 18101064oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5xz9p0h22026-04-30T23:36:07Zqt5xz9p0h2Unpacking the ‘black box’ of lay health worker processes in a US-based interventionBurke, Nancy JPhung, KristineYu, FilmerWong, ChingLe, KhanhNguyen, IsabelNguyen, LongGuan, AliceNguyen, Tung TTsoh, Janice Y2020-02-01Prior studies have supported the effectiveness of the use of Lay Health Workers (LHWs) as an intervention model for managing chronic health conditions, yet few have documented the mechanisms that underlie the effectiveness of the interventions. This study provides a first look into how LHWs delivered a family-based intervention and the challenges encountered. We utilize observation data from LHW-led educational sessions delivered as part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to test a LHW outreach family-based intervention to promote smoking cessation among Vietnamese American smokers. The RCT included experimental (smoking cessation) and control (healthy living) arms. Vietnamese LHWs were trained to provide health information in Vietnamese to groups of family dyads (smoker and family member). Bilingual, bicultural research team members conducted unobtrusive observations in a subset of LHW educational sessions and described the setting, process and activities in structured fieldnotes. Two team members coded each fieldnote following a grounded theory approach. We utilized Atlas.ti qualitative software to organize coding and facilitate combined analysis. Findings offer a detailed look at the 'black box' of how LHWs work with their participants to deliver health messages. LHWs utilized multiple relational strategies, including preparing an environment that enables relationship building, using recognized teaching methods to engage learners and co-learners as well as using humor and employing culturally specific strategies such as hierarchical forms of address to create trust. Future research will assess the effectiveness of LHW techniques, thus enhancing the potential of LHW interventions to promote health among underserved populations.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Cancer (rcdc)Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities (rcdc)Minority Health (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing (hrcs-rac)Respiratory (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Aged (mesh)Asian (mesh)California (mesh)Community Health Workers (mesh)Culture (mesh)Family (mesh)Female (mesh)Health Promotion (mesh)Healthy Lifestyle (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Multilingualism (mesh)Smoking Cessation (mesh)Teaching (mesh)Wit and Humor as Topic (mesh)lay health workersmoking cessationdiet and physical activityVietnamese AmericansHumans (mesh)Smoking Cessation (mesh)Family (mesh)Culture (mesh)Teaching (mesh)Multilingualism (mesh)Aged (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Health Promotion (mesh)California (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Wit and Humor as Topic (mesh)Community Health Workers (mesh)Healthy Lifestyle (mesh)Asian (mesh)Vietnamese Americansdiet and physical activitylay health workersmoking cessationAged (mesh)Asian (mesh)California (mesh)Community Health Workers (mesh)Culture (mesh)Family (mesh)Female (mesh)Health Promotion (mesh)Healthy Lifestyle (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Multilingualism (mesh)Smoking Cessation (mesh)Teaching (mesh)Wit and Humor as Topic (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)4407 Policy and administration (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xz9p0h2https://escholarship.org/content/qt5xz9p0h2/qt5xz9p0h2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/heapro/day094articleHealth Promotion International, vol 35, iss 15 - 16oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1rc0w4h32026-04-30T23:36:03Zqt1rc0w4h3Regulatory T cells use arginase 2 to enhance their metabolic fitness in tissuesLowe, Margaret MBoothby, IanClancy, SeanAhn, Richard SLiao, WilsonNguyen, David NSchumann, KathrinMarson, AlexanderMahuron, Kelly MKingsbury, Gillian ALiu, ZhengSandoval, Priscila MunozRodriguez, Robert SanchezPauli, Mariela LTaravati, KeyonArron, Sarah TNeuhaus, Isaac MHarris, Hobart WKim, Esther AShin, SokKrummel, Matthew FDaud, AdilScharschmidt, Tiffany CRosenblum, Michael D2019-12-19Distinct subsets of Tregs reside in nonlymphoid tissues where they mediate unique functions. To interrogate the biology of tissue Tregs in human health and disease, we phenotypically and functionally compared healthy skin Tregs with those in peripheral blood, inflamed psoriatic skin, and metastatic melanoma. The mitochondrial enzyme, arginase 2 (ARG2), was preferentially expressed in Tregs in healthy skin, increased in Tregs in metastatic melanoma, and reduced in Tregs from psoriatic skin. ARG2 enhanced Treg suppressive capacity in vitro and conferred a selective advantage for accumulation in inflamed tissues in vivo. CRISPR-mediated deletion of this gene in primary human Tregs was sufficient to skew away from a tissue Treg transcriptional signature. Notably, the inhibition of ARG2 increased mTOR signaling, whereas the overexpression of this enzyme suppressed it. Taken together, our results suggest that Tregs express ARG2 in human tissues to both regulate inflammation and enhance their metabolic fitness.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Clinical Research (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)Adoptive Transfer (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Animals (mesh)Arginase (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Dendritic Cells (mesh)Gene Knockout Techniques (mesh)Humans (mesh)Keratinocytes (mesh)Male (mesh)Melanoma (mesh)Mice (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Primary Cell Culture (mesh)Psoriasis (mesh)RNA-Seq (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Skin (mesh)T-LymphocytesRegulatory (mesh)TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (mesh)Dendritic Cells (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Keratinocytes (mesh)Skin (mesh)Animals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)Melanoma (mesh)Psoriasis (mesh)Arginase (mesh)Adoptive Transfer (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Male (mesh)T-LymphocytesRegulatory (mesh)Gene Knockout Techniques (mesh)TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (mesh)Primary Cell Culture (mesh)RNA-Seq (mesh)Adaptive immunityImmunologyMetabolismAdoptive Transfer (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Animals (mesh)Arginase (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Dendritic Cells (mesh)Gene Knockout Techniques (mesh)Humans (mesh)Keratinocytes (mesh)Male (mesh)Melanoma (mesh)Mice (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Primary Cell Culture (mesh)Psoriasis (mesh)RNA-Seq (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Skin (mesh)T-LymphocytesRegulatory (mesh)TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (mesh)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rc0w4h3https://escholarship.org/content/qt1rc0w4h3/qt1rc0w4h3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1172/jci.insight.129756articleJCI Insight, vol 4, iss 24e129756oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6g0562ws2026-04-30T23:35:59Zqt6g0562wsPolymer-stabilized Cas9 nanoparticles and modified repair templates increase genome editing efficiencyNguyen, David NRoth, Theodore LLi, P JonathanChen, Peixin AmyApathy, RyanMamedov, Murad RVo, Linda TTobin, Victoria RGoodman, DanielShifrut, EricBluestone, Jeffrey APuck, Jennifer MSzoka, Francis CMarson, Alexander2020-01-01Versatile and precise genome modifications are needed to create a wider range of adoptive cellular therapies1–5. Here we report two improvements that increase the efficiency of CRISPR–Cas9-based genome editing in clinically relevant primary cell types. Truncated Cas9 target sequences (tCTSs) added at the ends of the homology-directed repair (HDR) template interact with Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to shuttle the template to the nucleus, enhancing HDR efficiency approximately two- to fourfold. Furthermore, stabilizing Cas9 RNPs into nanoparticles with polyglutamic acid further improves editing efficiency by approximately twofold, reduces toxicity, and enables lyophilized storage without loss of activity. Combining the two improvements increases gene targeting efficiency even at reduced HDR template doses, yielding approximately two to six times as many viable edited cells across multiple genomic loci in diverse cell types, such as bulk (CD3+) T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), γδ T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and primary and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived6 hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs).3206 Medical Biotechnology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human (rcdc)Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (rcdc)Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Regenerative Medicine (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Stem Cell Research (rcdc)Adult (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Humans (mesh)Nanoparticles (mesh)Polymers (mesh)Protein Stability (mesh)RNAGuideCRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Humans (mesh)Polymers (mesh)Adult (mesh)Nanoparticles (mesh)Protein Stability (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 (mesh)RNAGuideCRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Adult (mesh)CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Humans (mesh)Nanoparticles (mesh)Polymers (mesh)Protein Stability (mesh)RNAGuideCRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g0562wshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6g0562ws/qt6g0562ws.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41587-019-0325-6articleNature Biotechnology, vol 38, iss 144 - 49oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt21w6f8vw2026-04-30T23:35:51Zqt21w6f8vwSerious quit attempts and cessation implications for Asian American male smokersGuan, AliceKim-Mozeleski, Jin ETan, Judy YMcPhee, Stephen JBurke, Nancy JSun, AngelaCheng, Joyce WTsoh, Janice Y2020-01-01INTRODUCTION: Smoking prevalence remains high among Asian American immigrant men, particularly those with limited English proficiency. Understanding ways to promote serious quit attempts (defined as a quit attempt lasting at least 24 h) could be crucial for reducing tobacco-related health disparities in this population. This study examines correlates of serious past year quit attempts among Chinese and Vietnamese American male daily smokers.
METHODS: Baseline survey data were collected between 2015 and 2017 from a lifestyle intervention trial (N = 340 Chinese and Vietnamese male daily smokers). Data analysis was conducted in 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with serious past year quit attempts.
RESULTS: Less than half (43.2%) of the study participants had at least one serious past year quit attempt. Significant correlates of serious quit attempts included utilizing evidence-based methods (OR = 12.83, 95% CI 5.17-31.84) or other methods (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 3.92-13.73) to facilitate quitting compared to those who did not attempt to quit. Also, participants who had a physician encounter in the past year were more likely to have had a serious quit attempt (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.12-4.53). Discussing smoking during a past year doctor's visit, however, was not a significant correlate of serious quit attempts.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the importance of promoting the use of smoking cessation resources, and potentially utilizing healthcare encounters to facilitate cessation. Investigations are warranted to understand better how patient-physician interactions can enhance smoking cessation.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Minority Health (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Tobacco (rcdc)Lung Cancer (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Tobacco Smoke and Health (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Lung (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing (hrcs-rac)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Respiratory (hrcs-hc)Stroke (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Asian (mesh)California (mesh)Health Behavior (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Physician-Patient Relations (mesh)Smokers (mesh)Smoking Cessation (mesh)Asian AmericanTobacco useHealth disparitiesSmoking cessationHumans (mesh)Health Behavior (mesh)Smoking Cessation (mesh)Physician-Patient Relations (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)California (mesh)Male (mesh)Smokers (mesh)Asian (mesh)Asian AmericanHealth disparitiesSmoking cessationTobacco useAdult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Asian (mesh)California (mesh)Health Behavior (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Physician-Patient Relations (mesh)Smokers (mesh)Smoking Cessation (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1701 Psychology (for)Substance Abuse (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)5202 Biological psychology (for-2020)5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/21w6f8vwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt21w6f8vw/qt21w6f8vw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106129articleAddictive Behaviors, vol 100106129oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7d88z1pd2026-04-30T23:35:47Zqt7d88z1pdFood Insecurity Is Associated With Lower Levels of Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Hair Among a Cohort of Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United StatesLeddy, Anna MSheira, Lila ATamraz, BaniSykes, CraigKashuba, Angela DMWilson, Tracey EAdedimeji, AdebolaMerenstein, DanielCohen, Mardge HWentz, Eryka LAdimora, Adaora AOfotokun, IghovwerhaMetsch, Lisa RTuran, Janet MBacchetti, PeterWeiser, Sheri D2020-09-12BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is a well-established determinant of suboptimal, self-reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but few studies have investigated this association using objective adherence measures. We examined the association of food insecurity with levels of ART concentrations in hair among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) in the United States.
METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal data collected semiannually from 2013 through 2015 from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite, prospective, cohort study of WLHIV and controls not living with HIV. Our sample comprised 1944 person-visits from 677 WLHIV. Food insecurity was measured using the US Household Food Security Survey Module. ART concentrations in hair, an objective and validated measure of drug adherence and exposure, were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for regimens that included darunavir, atazanavir, raltegravir, or dolutegravir. We conducted multiple 3-level linear regressions that accounted for repeated measures and the ART medication(s) taken at each visit, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
RESULTS: At baseline, 67% of participants were virally suppressed and 35% reported food insecurity. In the base multivariable model, each 3-point increase in food insecurity was associated with 0.94-fold lower ART concentration in hair (95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99). This effect remained unchanged after adjusting for self-reported adherence.
CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity was associated with lower ART concentrations in hair, suggesting that food insecurity may be associated with suboptimal ART adherence and/or drug absorption. Interventions seeking to improve ART adherence among WLHIV should consider and address the role of food insecurity.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Insecurity (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Pharmaceutical Preparations (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)United States (mesh)food insecurityantiretroviral therapyadherenceART concentrations in hairwomen living with HIVHumans (mesh)HIV (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Pharmaceutical Preparations (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Food Insecurity (mesh)ART concentrations in hairadherenceantiretroviral therapyfood insecuritywomen living with HIVAnti-HIV Agents (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Insecurity (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Pharmaceutical Preparations (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)United States (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d88z1pdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7d88z1pd/qt7d88z1pd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/cid/ciz1007articleClinical Infectious Diseases, vol 71, iss 61517 - 1523oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt16j444fz2026-04-30T23:35:43Zqt16j444fzBreast Cancer in San Francisco: Disentangling Disparities at the Neighborhood LevelGuan, AliceLichtensztajn, DaphneOh, DeboraJain, JenniferTao, LiHiatt, Robert AGomez, Scarlett LinFejerman, Laura2019-12-01BACKGROUND: This study uses a novel geographic approach to summarize the distribution of breast cancer in San Francisco and aims to identify the neighborhoods and racial/ethnic groups that are disproportionately affected by this disease.
METHODS: Nine geographic groupings were newly defined on the basis of racial/ethnic composition and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Distribution of breast cancer cases from the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry in these zones were examined. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine neighborhood associations with stage IIB+ breast cancer at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios for all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality.
RESULTS: A total of 5,595 invasive primary breast cancers were diagnosed between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015. We found neighborhood and racial/ethnic differences in stage of diagnosis, molecular subtype, survival, and mortality. Patients in the Southeast (Bayview/Hunter's Point) and Northeast (Downtown, Civic Center, Chinatown, Nob Hill, Western Addition) areas were more likely to have stage IIB+ breast cancer at diagnosis, and those in the East (North Beach, Financial District, South of Market, Mission Bay, Potrero Hill) and Southeast were more likely to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, Blacks/African Americans (B/AA) experienced the greatest disparities in breast cancer-related outcomes across geographic areas.
CONCLUSIONS: San Francisco neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status and larger minority populations experience worse breast cancer outcomes.
IMPACT: Our findings, which reveal breast cancer disparities at sub-county geographic levels, have implications for population-level health interventions.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis (for-2020)Prevention (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Breast Cancer (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Minority Health (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Cancer (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Ethnicity (mesh)Female (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Health Status Disparities (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Prognosis (mesh)Registries (mesh)Residence Characteristics (mesh)San Francisco (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)San Francisco Cancer Initiative Breast Cancer Task ForceHumans (mesh)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Prognosis (mesh)Registries (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Residence Characteristics (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)San Francisco (mesh)Female (mesh)Health Status Disparities (mesh)Ethnicity (mesh)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Ethnicity (mesh)Female (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Health Status Disparities (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Prognosis (mesh)Registries (mesh)Residence Characteristics (mesh)San Francisco (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Epidemiology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/16j444fzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt16j444fz/qt16j444fz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0799articleCancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, vol 28, iss 121968 - 1976oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt59g811s92026-04-30T23:35:37Zqt59g811s9Food Insecurity May Be an Independent Risk Factor Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Low-Income Adults in the United StatesGolovaty, IlyaTien, Phyllis CPrice, Jennifer CSheira, LilaSeligman, HilaryWeiser, Sheri D2020-01-01BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), considered a "barometer" of metabolic health, is the leading cause of liver disease in the United States. Despite established associations between food insecurity and obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, little is known about the relation between food insecurity and NAFLD.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the association of food insecurity with NAFLD among low-income adults in the United States.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of adults from the NHANES (2005-2014 waves). Participants included adults in low-income households (≤200% of the federal poverty level) without chronic viral hepatitis or self-reported heavy alcohol use. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Security Survey. Our primary outcome was NAFLD, as estimated by the US Fatty Liver Index, and our secondary outcome was advanced fibrosis, as estimated by the NAFLD fibrosis score. The association between food insecurity (defined as low and very low food security) and hepatic outcomes was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.
RESULTS: Among 2627 adults included in the analysis, 29% (95% CI: 26%, 32%) were food insecure. The median age was 43 y, 58% were female, and 54% were white. The weighted estimated prevalence of NAFLD did not differ significantly by food security status (food secure 31% compared with food insecure 34%, P = 0.21). In the multivariable model, food-insecure adults were more likely to have NAFLD (adjusted OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.77) and advanced fibrosis (adjusted OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.82) compared with food-secure adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity may be independently associated with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis among low-income adults in the United States. Future strategies should assess whether improved food access, quality, and healthy eating habits will decrease the growing burden of NAFLD-associated morbidity and mortality among at-risk adults.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3210 Nutrition and Dietetics (for-2020)Women's Health (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Liver Disease (rcdc)Hepatitis (rcdc)Obesity (rcdc)Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis (rcdc)Digestive Diseases (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Oral and gastrointestinal (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)Adult (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (mesh)Nutrition Surveys (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)United States (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)disparitiesnutritionunderserved populationsurban healthfood insecurityvulnerable populationsHumans (mesh)Nutrition Surveys (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (mesh)disparitiesfood insecuritynutritionunderserved populationsurban healthvulnerable populationsAdult (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (mesh)Nutrition Surveys (mesh)Poverty (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)United States (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)0702 Animal Production (for)0908 Food Sciences (for)1111 Nutrition and Dietetics (for)Nutrition & Dietetics (science-metrix)3003 Animal production (for-2020)3006 Food sciences (for-2020)3210 Nutrition and dietetics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/59g811s9https://escholarship.org/content/qt59g811s9/qt59g811s9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/jn/nxz212articleJournal of Nutrition, vol 150, iss 191 - 98oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5hh2s2832026-04-30T23:35:26Zqt5hh2s283Environmental pollution and social factors as contributors to preterm birth in Fresno CountyPadula, Amy MHuang, HongtaiBaer, Rebecca JAugust, Laura MJankowska, Marta MJellife-Pawlowski, Laura LSirota, MarinaWoodruff, Tracey J2018-12-01BackgroundEnvironmental pollution exposure during pregnancy has been identified as a risk factor for preterm birth. Most studies have evaluated exposures individually and in limited study populations.MethodsWe examined the associations between several environmental exposures, both individually and cumulatively, and risk of preterm birth in Fresno County, California. We also evaluated early (< 34 weeks) and spontaneous preterm birth. We used the Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool and linked hospital discharge records by census tract from 2009 to 2012. The environmental factors included air pollution, drinking water contaminants, pesticides, hazardous waste, traffic exposure and others. Social factors, including area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity were also evaluated as potential modifiers of the relationship between pollution and preterm birth.ResultsIn our study of 53,843 births, risk of preterm birth was associated with higher exposure to cumulative pollution scores and drinking water contaminants. Risk of preterm birth was twice as likely for those exposed to high versus low levels of pollution. An exposure-response relationship was observed across the quintiles of the pollution burden score. The associations were stronger among early preterm births in areas of low SES.ConclusionsIn Fresno County, we found multiple pollution exposures associated with increased risk for preterm birth, with higher associations among the most disadvantaged. This supports other evidence finding environmental exposures are important risk factors for preterm birth, and furthermore the burden is higher in areas of low SES. This data supports efforts to reduce the environmental burden on pregnant women.4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Infant Mortality (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Pregnancy (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions (rcdc)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)2.3 Psychologicalsocial and economic factors (hrcs-rac)3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)California (mesh)Environmental Exposure (mesh)Environmental Pollutants (mesh)Environmental Pollution (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Premature Birth (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Preterm birthEnvironmental exposureSocial factorsPrematurityPollutionHumans (mesh)Premature Birth (mesh)Environmental Pollutants (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Environmental Pollution (mesh)Environmental Exposure (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)California (mesh)Female (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Environmental exposurePollutionPrematurityPreterm birthSocial factorsAdolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)California (mesh)Environmental Exposure (mesh)Environmental Pollutants (mesh)Environmental Pollution (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Pregnancy (mesh)Pregnancy Outcome (mesh)Premature Birth (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)Toxicology (science-metrix)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hh2s283https://escholarship.org/content/qt5hh2s283/qt5hh2s283.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s12940-018-0414-xarticleEnvironmental Health, vol 17, iss 170oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2998510n2026-04-30T23:35:19Zqt2998510nLongitudinal associations between food insecurity and substance use in a cohort of women with or at risk for HIV in the United StatesWhittle, Henry JSheira, Lila AFrongillo, Edward APalar, KartikaCohen, JenniferMerenstein, DanielWilson, Tracey EAdedimeji, AdebolaCohen, Mardge HAdimora, Adaora AOfotokun, IghovwerhaMetsch, LisaTuran, Janet MWentz, Eryka LTien, Phyllis CWeiser, Sheri D2019-01-01BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between food insecurity and substance use. We aimed to investigate this relationship using longitudinal data among women with or at risk for HIV in the United States.
DESIGN: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a prospective cohort study.
SETTING: Nine sites across the United States.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2553 women with or at risk for HIV.
MEASUREMENTS: Semi-annual structured interviews were conducted during April 2013-March 2016. Food security (FS) was the primary predictor, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Outcomes were: any illicit substance use except cannabis; licit or illicit cannabis use; stimulant use (crack, cocaine, or methamphetamine); opioid use (heroin or methadone in a non-prescribed way); and prescription drug misuse (prescription narcotics, amphetamines, or tranquilizers in a non-prescribed way) since the last visit. We used multivariable logistic regression with random effects to examine longitudinal associations of current and previous FS with the outcomes simultaneously, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, HIV serostatus, physical health and health insurance.
FINDINGS: Average number of visits was 4.6. At baseline, 71% of participants were HIV-seropositive, 44% reported marginal, low, or very low FS, and 13% were using illicit substances. In adjusted analyses, current low and very low FS were significantly associated with 1.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02, 2.46; P = 0.039] and 2.48 (95% CI = 1.52, 4.04; P < 0.001) higher odds of any illicit substance use, compared to high FS, and also with higher odds of cannabis, stimulant and opioid use, exhibiting a consistent dose-response relationship. Marginal, low, and very low FS at the previous visit were associated with 1.66 (95% CI = 1.08, 2.54; P = 0.020), 1.77 (95% CI = 1.14, 2.74; P = 0.011), and 2.28 (95% CI = 1.43, 3.64; P < 0.001) higher odds of current illicit substance use.
CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity appears to be longitudinally associated with substance use among US women with or at risk for HIV.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Opioid Misuse and Addiction (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Stimulant Use and Misuse (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Opioids (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Mental health (hrcs-hc)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Amphetamine-Related Disorders (mesh)Cocaine-Related Disorders (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Logistic Models (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Marijuana Use (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Multivariate Analysis (mesh)Opioid-Related Disorders (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)United States (mesh)Drug usefood insecurityHIVmental healthsubstance usewomenHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)Amphetamine-Related Disorders (mesh)Cocaine-Related Disorders (mesh)Opioid-Related Disorders (mesh)Multivariate Analysis (mesh)Logistic Models (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Marijuana Use (mesh)Drug useHIVfood insecuritymental healthsubstance usewomenAdult (mesh)Amphetamine-Related Disorders (mesh)Cocaine-Related Disorders (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Logistic Models (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Marijuana Use (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Multivariate Analysis (mesh)Opioid-Related Disorders (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Substance-Related Disorders (mesh)United States (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)Substance Abuse (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2998510nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2998510n/qt2998510n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/add.14418articleAddiction, vol 114, iss 1127 - 136oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4604c2402026-04-30T23:35:15Zqt4604c240Food Insecurity, Internalized Stigma, and Depressive Symptoms Among Women Living with HIV in the United StatesPalar, KartikaFrongillo, Edward AEscobar, JessicaSheira, Lila AWilson, Tracey EAdedimeji, AdebolaMerenstein, DanielCohen, Mardge HWentz, Eryka LAdimora, Adaora AOfotokun, IghovwerhaMetsch, LisaTien, Phyllis CTuran, Janet MWeiser, Sheri D2018-12-01Food insecurity, internalized HIV stigma, and depressive symptoms are independently associated with poor HIV outcomes. Food insecurity, stigma, and depression may be interrelated among women living with HIV (WLHIV). We hypothesized that food insecurity would be independently associated with internalized stigma and depressive symptoms among WLHIV in the United States (US), and would partially account for associations between stigma and depressive symptoms. We tested hypotheses using regression models and partial correlation analysis with cross-sectional data among 1317 WLHIV from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. In adjusted models, greater food insecurity was associated with internalized HIV stigma and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05), exhibiting dose–response relationships. Food insecurity accounted for 23.2% of the total shared variance between depressive symptoms and internalized stigma. Food insecurity is associated with depressive symptoms and internalized HIV stigma among US WLHIV, and may play a role in the negative cycle of depression and internalized stigma.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Mental Illness (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Depression (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)Adult (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Depression (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Social Stigma (mesh)Social Support (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)United States (mesh)Food insecurityInternalized stigmaWomenUnited StatesDepressionHIVHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Depression (mesh)Social Support (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Social Stigma (mesh)DepressionFood insecurityHIVInternalized stigmaUnited StatesWomenAdult (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Depression (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Social Stigma (mesh)Social Support (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)United States (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1607 Social Work (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4604c240https://escholarship.org/content/qt4604c240/qt4604c240.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s10461-018-2164-8articleAIDS and Behavior, vol 22, iss 123869 - 3878oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51c5109f2026-04-30T23:35:10Zqt51c5109fClinical Utility of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Spinal InfectionsDumont, Rebecca AKeen, Nayela NBloomer, Courtnay WSchwartz, Brian STalbott, JasonClark, Aaron JWilson, David MChin, Cynthia T2019-09-01PurposeBoth laboratory markers and radiographic findings in the setting of spinal infections can be nonspecific in determining the presence or absence of active infection, and can lag behind both clinical symptoms and antibiotic response. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been shown to be helpful in evaluating brain abscesses but has not been commonly used in evaluating spinal infections. We aimed to correlate findings on DWI of the spine to results of microbiological sampling in patients with suspected spinal infections.MethodsPatients who underwent MRI with DWI for suspicion of spinal infections and microbiological sampling from 2002 to 2010 were identified and reviewed retrospectively in this institutional review board approved study. In addition to DWI, scans included sagittal and axial T1, fast-spin echo (FSE) T2, and post-gadolinium T1 with fat saturation. Regions of interest were drawn on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the area of suspected infections, and ADC values were correlated with microbiological sampling.ResultsOf 38 patients with suspected spinal infections, 29 (76%) had positive microbiological sampling, and 9 (24%) had negative results. The median ADC value was 740 × 10−6 mm2/s for patients with positive microbiological sampling and 1980 × 10−6 mm2/s for patients with negative microbiological sampling (p < 0.001). Using an ADC value of 1250 × 10−6 mm2/s or less as the cut-off value for a positive result for spinal infection, sensitivity was 66%, specificity was 88%, positive predictive value was 95%, negative predictive value was 41% and accuracy was 70%.ConclusionIn patients with suspected spine infection, ADC values on DWI are significantly reduced in those patients with positive microbiological sampling compared to patients with negative microbiological sampling. The DWI of the spine correlates well with the presence or absence of spinal infection and may complement conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Clinical Research (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Discitis (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Immunocompromised Host (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Osteomyelitis (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Spinal Diseases (mesh)Vertebral Discitis-OsteomyelitisDiffusion weighted imagingMRIRadiology-pathology correlationBacterial infectionHumans (mesh)Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections (mesh)Osteomyelitis (mesh)Discitis (mesh)Spinal Diseases (mesh)Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Immunocompromised Host (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Bacterial infectionDiffusion weighted imagingMRIRadiology-pathology correlationVertebral Discitis-OsteomyelitisAdult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Discitis (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Immunocompromised Host (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Osteomyelitis (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Spinal Diseases (mesh)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51c5109fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt51c5109f/qt51c5109f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s00062-018-0681-5articleClinical Neuroradiology, vol 29, iss 3515 - 522oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4hr2r63w2026-04-30T23:35:03Zqt4hr2r63wFood Insecurity is Associated with Poor HIV Outcomes Among Women in the United StatesSpinelli, Matthew AFrongillo, Edward ASheira, Lila APalar, KartikaTien, Phyllis CWilson, TraceyMerenstein, DanielCohen, MardgeAdedimeji, AdebolaWentz, ErykaAdimora, Adaora AMetsch, Lisa RTuran, Janet MKushel, Margot BWeiser, Sheri D2017-12-01Women in the general population experience more food insecurity than men. Few studies have examined food insecurity’s impact on HIV treatment outcomes among women. We examined the association between food insecurity and HIV outcomes in a multi-site sample of HIV-infected women in the United States (n = 1154). Two-fifths (40%) of participants reported food insecurity. In an adjusted multivariable Tobit regression model, food insecurity was associated with 2.08 times higher viral load (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 4.15) and lower CD4+ counts (− 42.10, CI: − 81.16, − 3.03). Integration of food insecurity alleviation into HIV programs may improve HIV outcomes in women.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)Adult (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)CD4 Lymphocyte Count (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Treatment Outcome (mesh)United States (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Food insecurityWomenHIVViral loadHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)CD4 Lymphocyte Count (mesh)Treatment Outcome (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)Adult (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Food insecurityHIVViral loadWomenAdult (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)CD4 Lymphocyte Count (mesh)Female (mesh)Food Supply (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Treatment Outcome (mesh)United States (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1607 Social Work (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hr2r63winfo:doi/10.1007/s10461-017-1968-2articleAIDS and Behavior, vol 21, iss 123473 - 3477oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2jj7k5j32026-04-30T23:34:52Zqt2jj7k5j3Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Greater Proportions of Effector CD8+ T Cells Expressing CD57 in Women Living With HIVReid, Michael JABaxi, Sanjiv MSheira, Lila ALanday, Alan LFrongillo, Edward AAdedimeji, AdebolaCohen, Mardge HWentz, ErykaGustafson, Deborah RMerenstein, DanielHunt, Peter WTien, Phyllis CWeiser, Sheri D2017-08-15BACKGROUND: A low proportion of CD28CD8 T cells that express CD57 is associated with increased mortality in HIV infection. The effect of increasing body mass index (BMI) changes in the proportion of CD57CD28CD8 T cells among HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy is unknown.
SETTING: In a US cohort of HIV-infected women, we evaluated associations of BMI and waist circumference with 3 distinct CD8 T cell phenotypes: % CD28CD57CD8 T cells, % CD57 of CD28CD8 T cells, and % CD28 of all CD8 T cells.
METHODS: Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate beta coefficients for each of 3 T-cell phenotypes. Covariates included HIV parameters (current and nadir CD4, current viral load), demographics (age, race, income, and study site), and lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol use) factors.
RESULTS: Of 225 participants, the median age was 46 years and 50% were obese (BMI >30 m/kg). Greater BMI and waist circumference were both associated with higher % CD28CD57CD8 T cells and % CD57 of all CD28CD8 T cells in multivariable analysis, including adjustment for HIV viral load (all P < 0.05). The association between greater BMI and the overall proportion of CD28 CD8 cells in fully adjusted models (0.078, 95% confidence interval: -0.053 to 0.209) was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, greater BMI and waist circumference are associated with greater expression of CD57 on CD28CD8 T cells and a greater proportion of CD57CD28 CD8 T cells. These findings may indicate that increasing BMI is immunologically protective in HIV-infected women. Future research is needed to understand the prognostic importance of these associations on clinical outcomes.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020)Obesity (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Antiretroviral TherapyHighly Active (mesh)Body Mass Index (mesh)CD57 Antigens (mesh)CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV-1 (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)T-Lymphocyte Subsets (mesh)United States (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Women's Health (mesh)Womenʼs Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)T-Lymphocyte Subsets (mesh)CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes (mesh)Humans (mesh)HIV-1 (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Body Mass Index (mesh)Antiretroviral TherapyHighly Active (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Women's Health (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)CD57 Antigens (mesh)Adult (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Antiretroviral TherapyHighly Active (mesh)Body Mass Index (mesh)CD57 Antigens (mesh)CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV-1 (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)T-Lymphocyte Subsets (mesh)United States (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Women's Health (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)Virology (science-metrix)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jj7k5j3https://escholarship.org/content/qt2jj7k5j3/qt2jj7k5j3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1097/qai.0000000000001376articleJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol 75, iss 5e132 - e141oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0z89g4qv2026-04-30T23:34:38Zqt0z89g4qvFiducial-cosmology-dependent systematics for the DESI 2024 BAO analysisPérez-Fernández, AMedina-Varela, LRuggeri, RVargas-Magaña, MSeo, HPadmanabhan, NIshak, MAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlves, OAndrade, UBrieden, SBrooks, DRosell, A CarneroChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADey, ArjunDing, ZDoel, PFanning, KGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHonscheid, KJuneau, SKirkby, DKisner, TLambert, ALandriau, MLasker, JLe Guillou, LManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JMyers, ADNadathur, SNewman, JANiz, GPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRashkovetskyi, MRocher, ARossi, GSanchez, ASanchez, ESchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GValcin, DWeaver, BAYu, JZou, H2025-01-01When measuring the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) scale from galaxy surveys, one typically assumes a fiducial cosmology when converting redshift measurements into comoving distances and also when defining input parameters for the reconstruction algorithm. A parameterised template for the model to be fitted is also created based on a (possibly different) fiducial cosmology. This model reliance can be considered a form of data compression, and the data is then analysed allowing that the true answer is different from the fiducial cosmology assumed. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the fiducial cosmology assumed in the BAO analysis of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey Data Release 1 (DR1) on the final measurements in DESI 2024 III. We utilise a suite of mock galaxy catalogues with survey realism that mirrors the DESI DR1 tracers: the bright galaxy sample (BGS), the luminous red galaxies (LRG), the emission line galaxies (ELG) and the quasars (QSO), spanning a redshift range from 0.1 to 2.1. We compare the four secondary AbacusSummit cosmologies against DESI's fiducial cosmology (Planck 2018). The secondary cosmologies explored include a lower cold dark matter density, a thawing dark energy universe, a higher number of effective species, and a lower amplitude of matter clustering. The mocks are processed through the BAO pipeline by consistently iterating the grid, template, and reconstruction reference cosmologies. We determine a conservative systematic contribution to the error of 0.1% for both the isotropic and anisotropic dilation parameters α iso and α AP. We then directly test the impact of the fiducial cosmology on DESI DR1 data.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationspower spectrumredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0z89g4qvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0z89g4qv/qt0z89g4qv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/144articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01144oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt56h4g7q62026-04-30T23:17:21Zqt56h4g7q6Flow and Form as Modulation: Henri Pousseur's 8 Études Paraboliques and the Transformation of Electronic MusicChagas, Paulo C.Petković Lozo, Ivana2026-03-07This paper examines 8 Études Paraboliques (1972/73) by Henri Pousseur as the articulation of a different electronic modernity, grounded in continuous modulation rather than discrete sound objects or serial parameter control. Situating the work within—and beyond—the traditional Paris–Cologne dichotomy of postwar electroacoustic music, the study argues that the Études propose an alternative ontology of sound in which form emerges as a dynamic trajectory within a relational, oscillatory field. Drawing on historical documentation from the WDR Studio in Cologne, the paper reconstructs the technical and institutional conditions that enabled this approach, emphasizing the role of voltage-controlled synthesis, empirical listening practices, and the deliberate absence of a score. The cycle is further interpreted as a cybernetic system, characterized by feedback, nonlinear behavior, and emergent form, in which compositional agency is distributed across interacting processes. Building on the framework of spectral semiotics, the paper demonstrates how musical meaning in the Études arises through enacted, temporal experience rather than representation or symbolic encoding. By integrating historical analysis, systems theory, and phenomenological semiotics, the study repositions Pousseur’s Études Paraboliques as a foundational model for understanding electronic music as a modulating reality—anticipating contemporary practices in modular synthesis, live electronics, and generative sound systems.Electronic MusicHenri Pousseur8 Études ParaboliquesVoltage-controlled Synthesisapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/56h4g7q6https://escholarship.org/content/qt56h4g7q6/qt56h4g7q6.pdfarticleElectroacoustic Music Studies Network (EMS), Paris, 1–16oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt92z1q6sx2026-04-30T23:11:14Zqt92z1q6sxElectron-muon ranger: performance in the MICE muon beamAdams, DAlekou, AApollonio, MAsfandiyarov, RBarber, GBarclay, Pde Bari, ABayes, RBayliss, VBene, PBertoni, RBlackmore, VJBlondel, ABlot, SBogomilov, MBonesini, MBooth, CNBowring, DBoyd, SBradshaw, TWBravar, UBross, ADCadoux, FCapponi, MCarlisle, TCecchet, GCharnley, CChignoli, FCline, DCobb, JHColling, GCollomb, NConey, LCooke, PCourthold, MCremaldi, LMDebieux, SDeMello, ADick, ADobbs, ADornan, PDrielsma, FFilthaut, FFitzpatrick, TFranchini, PFrancis, VFry, LGallagher, AGamet, RGardener, RGourlay, SGrant, AGraulich, JSGreis, JGriffiths, SHanlet, PHansen, OMHanson, GGHart, TLHartnett, THayler, THeidt, CHills, MHodgson, PHunt, CHusi, CIaciofano, AIshimoto, SKafka, GKaplan, DMKaradzhov, YKim, YKKuno, YKyberd, PLagrange, J-BLanglands, JLau, WLeonova, MLi, DLintern, ALittlefield, MLong, KLuo, TMacwaters, CMartlew, BMartyniak, JMasciocchi, FMazza, RMiddleton, SMoretti, AMoss, AMuir, AMullacrane, INebrensky, JJNeuffer, DNichols, ANicholson, RNicola, LMessomo, E NoahNugent, JC2015-12-01The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a detailed study of ionization cooling to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. To carry out this program, MICE requires an efficient particle-identification (PID) system to identify muons. The Electron-Muon Ranger (EMR) is a fully-active tracking-calorimeter that forms part of the PID system and tags muons that traverse the cooling channel without decaying. The detector is capable of identifying electrons with an efficiency of 98.6%, providing a purity for the MICE beam that exceeds 99.8%. The EMR also proved to be a powerful tool for the reconstruction of muon momenta in the range 100–280 MeV/c.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Particle identification methodsParticle tracking detectorsPerformance of High Energy Physics DetectorsCalorimetersphysics.ins-detphysics.ins-dethep-ex02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/92z1q6sxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt92z1q6sx/qt92z1q6sx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/10/12/p12012articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 10, iss 12p12012 - p12012oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1zs968032026-04-30T23:08:04Zqt1zs96803Phase Separation, Capillarity, and Odd-Surface Flows in Chiral Active MatterLangford, LukeOmar, Ahmad K2025-02-14Active phase separations evade canonical thermodynamic descriptions and have thus challenged our understanding of coexistence and interfacial phenomena. Considerable progress has been made towards a nonequilibrium theoretical description of these traditionally thermodynamic concepts. Spatial parity symmetry is conspicuously assumed in much of this progress, despite the ubiquity of chirality in experimentally realized systems. In this Letter, we derive a theory for the phase coexistence and interfacial fluctuations of a system that microscopically violates spatial parity. We find suppression of the phase separation as chirality is increased as well as the development of steady-state currents tangential to the interface dividing the phases. These odd flows are irrelevant to stationary interfacial properties, with stability, capillary fluctuations, and surface area minimization determined entirely by the capillary surface tension. Using large-scale Brownian dynamics simulations, we find excellent agreement with our theoretical scaling predictions.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5103 Classical Physics (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zs96803https://escholarship.org/content/qt1zs96803/qt1zs96803.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.134.068301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 134, iss 6068301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7dt3p9k72026-04-30T23:07:55Zqt7dt3p9k7Ballistic Ejection of Microdroplets from Overpacked Interfacial AssembliesWu, XuefeiBordia, GautamStreubel, RobertHasnain, JaffarPedroso, Cássio CSCohen, Bruce ERad, BehzadAshby, PaulOmar, Ahmad KGeissler, Phillip LWang, DongXue, HanWang, JianjunRussell, Thomas P2023-05-01Abstract Spontaneous emulsification, resulting from the assembly and accumulation of surfactants at liquid–liquid interfaces, is an interfacial instability where microdroplets are generated and diffusively spread from the interface until complete emulsification. Here, it is shown that an external magnetic field can modulate the assembly of paramagnetic nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) at liquid–liquid interfaces to trigger an oversaturation in the areal density of the NPSs at the interface, as evidenced by a marked reduction in the interfacial tension, γ, and corroborated with a magnetostatic continuum theory. Despite the significant reduction in γ, the presence of the magnetic field does not cause stable interfaces to become unstable. Upon rapid removal of the field, however, an explosive ejection of a plume of microdroplets from the surface occurs, a dynamical interfacial instability which is termed explosive emulsification. This explosive event rapidly reduces the areal density of the NPSs to its pre‐field level, stabilizing the interface. The ability to externally suppress or trigger the explosive emulsification and controlled generation of tens of thousands of microdroplets, uncovers an efficient energy storage and release process, that has potential applications for controlled and directed delivery of chemicals and remotely controlled soft microrobots, taking advantage of the ferromagnetic nature of the microdroplets.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)explosive emulsificationmagnetic fieldmagnetic nanoparticle surfactantsoverpacked interfacial assembliesMSD-General (c-lbnl-label)MSD-Structured Liquids (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Materials (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dt3p9k7https://escholarship.org/content/qt7dt3p9k7/qt7dt3p9k7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/adfm.202213844articleAdvanced Functional Materials, vol 33, iss 20oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0qm0s3gr2026-04-30T23:07:45Zqt0qm0s3grElectronic structure of superconducting nickelates probed by resonant photoemission spectroscopyChen, ZhuoyuOsada, MotokiLi, DanfengBeen, Emily MChen, Su-DiHashimoto, MakotoLu, DonghuiMo, Sung-KwanLee, KyuhoWang, Bai YangRodolakis, FannyMcChesney, Jessica LJia, ChunjingMoritz, BrianDevereaux, Thomas PHwang, Harold YShen, Zhi-Xun2022-06-01The discovery of infinite-layer nickelate superconductors has spurred enormous interest. While the Ni1+ cations possess nominally the same 3d 9 configuration as Cu2+ in cuprates, the electronic structure variances remain elusive. Here, we present a soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study on parent and doped infinite-layer Pr-nickelate thin films with a doped perovskite reference. By identifying the Ni character with resonant photoemission and comparison with density functional theory + U (on-site Coulomb repulsion energy) calculations, we estimate U ∼5 eV, smaller than the charge transfer energy Δ ∼8 eV, confirming the Mott-Hubbard electronic structure in contrast to charge-transfer cuprates. Near the Fermi level (E F), we observe a signature of occupied rare-earth states in the parent compound, which is consistent with a self-doping picture. Our results demonstrate a correlation between the superconducting transition temperature and the oxygen 2p hybridization near E F when comparing hole-doped nickelates and cuprates.3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry (for-2020)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qm0s3grhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0qm0s3gr/qt0qm0s3gr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.matt.2022.01.020articleMatter, vol 5, iss 61806 - 1815oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8t43h5sn2026-04-30T23:07:33Zqt8t43h5snMetallic surface states in a correlated d-electron topological Kondo insulator candidate FeSb2Xu, Ke-JunChen, Su-DiHe, YuHe, JunfengTang, ShujieJia, ChunjingYue, EricMo, Sung-KwanLu, DonghuiHashimoto, MakotoDevereaux, Thomas PShen, Zhi-Xun2020-07-07The resistance of a conventional insulator diverges as temperature approaches zero. The peculiar low-temperature resistivity saturation in the 4f Kondo insulator (KI) SmB6 has spurred proposals of a correlation-driven topological Kondo insulator (TKI) with exotic ground states. However, the scarcity of model TKI material families leaves difficulties in disentangling key ingredients from irrelevant details. Here we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study FeSb2, a correlated d-electron KI candidate that also exhibits a low-temperature resistivity saturation. On the (010) surface, we find a rich assemblage of metallic states with two-dimensional dispersion. Measurements of the bulk band structure reveal band renormalization, a large temperature-dependent band shift, and flat spectral features along certain high-symmetry directions, providing spectroscopic evidence for strong correlations. Our observations suggest that exotic insulating states resembling those in SmB6 and YbB12 may also exist in systems with d instead of f electrons.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopyquantum materialstopological materialscorrelated materialsangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopycorrelated materialsquantum materialstopological materialsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t43h5snhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8t43h5sn/qt8t43h5sn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.2002361117articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 117, iss 2715409 - 15413oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8k31m6hs2026-04-30T23:07:20Zqt8k31m6hsMeasurement of elliptic flow of light nuclei at sNN=200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, THuang, XHuang, BHuang, HZHuck, PHumanic, TJ2016-09-01We present measurements of second-order azimuthal anisotropy (v2) at midrapidity (|y|<1.0) for light nuclei d,t,He3 (for sNN=200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV) and antinuclei d¯ (sNN=200, 62.4, 39, 27, and 19.6 GeV) and He¯3 (sNN=200 GeV) in the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC) experiment. The v2 for these light nuclei produced in heavy-ion collisions is compared with those for p and p¯. We observe mass ordering in nuclei v2(pT) at low transverse momenta (pT<2.0 GeV/c). We also find a centrality dependence of v2 for d and d¯. The magnitude of v2 for t and He3 agree within statistical errors. Light-nuclei v2 are compared with predictions from a blast-wave model. Atomic mass number (A) scaling of light-nuclei v2(pT) seems to hold for pT/A<1.5GeV/c. Results on light-nuclei v2 from a transport-plus-coalescence model are consistent with the experimental measurements.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k31m6hshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8k31m6hs/qt8k31m6hs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.94.034908articlePhysical Review C, vol 94, iss 3034908oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3kp3p4wk2026-04-30T23:07:10Zqt3kp3p4wkJ/ψ production at low transverse momentum in p+p and d + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, THuang, XHuang, BHuang, HZHuck, PHumanic, TJ2016-06-01We report on the measurement of J/ψ production in the dielectron channel at midrapidity (|y|<1) in p+p and d+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The transverse momentum pT spectra in p+p for pT<4GeV/c and d+Au collisions for pT<3GeV/c are presented. These measurements extend the STAR coverage for J/ψ production in p+p collisions to low pT. The 〈pT2〉 from the measured J/ψ invariant cross section in p+p and d+Au collisions are evaluated and compared to similar measurements at other collision energies. The nuclear modification factor for J/ψ is extracted as a function of pT and collision centrality in d+Au and compared to model calculations using the modified nuclear parton distribution function and a final-state J/ψ nuclear absorption cross section.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kp3p4wkinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.93.064904articlePhysical Review C, vol 93, iss 6064904oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt44q0v5k82026-04-30T23:07:02Zqt44q0v5k8Probing parton dynamics of QCD matter with Ω and ϕ productionAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AAdi Ruzza, BDidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDu, CMDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGreiner, LGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHaque, RHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHirsch, AHoffmann, GWHorvat, SHuang, THuang, XHuang, BHuang, HZHuck, PHumanic, TJ2016-02-01We present measurements of Ω and ϕ production at midrapidity from Au+Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Motivated by the coalescence formation mechanism for these strange hadrons, we study the ratios of N(Ω−+Ω¯+)/[2N(ϕ)]. These ratios as a function of transverse momentum pT fall on a consistent trend at high collision energies, but start to show deviations in peripheral collisions at sNN=19.6, 27, and 39 GeV, and in central collisions at 11.5 GeV in the intermediate pT region of 2.4−3.6 GeV/c. We further evaluate empirically the strange quark pT distributions at hadronization by studying the Ω/ϕ ratios scaled by the number of constituent quarks (NCQ). The NCQ-scaled Ω/ϕ ratios show a suppression of strange quark production in central collisions at 11.5 GeV compared to sNN≥19.6 GeV. The shapes of the presumably thermal strange quark distributions in 0–60% most central collisions at 7.7 GeV show significant deviations from those in 0–10% most central collisions at higher energies. These features suggest that there is likely a change of the underlying strange quark dynamics in the transition from quark matter to hadronic matter at collision energies below 19.6 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/44q0v5k8info:doi/10.1103/physrevc.93.021903articlePhysical Review C, vol 93, iss 2021903oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4fp1p85q2026-04-30T23:06:45Zqt4fp1p85qIdentifying candidate structured RNAs in CRISPR operonsFremin, Brayon JKyrpides, Nikos C2022-12-31Noncoding RNAs with secondary structures play important roles in CRISPR-Cas systems. Many of these structures likely remain undiscovered. We used a large-scale comparative genomics approach to predict 156 novel candidate structured RNAs from 36,111 CRISPR-Cas systems. A number of these were found to overlap with coding genes, including palindromic candidates that overlapped with a variety of Cas genes in type I and III systems. Among these 156 candidates, we identified 46 new models of CRISPR direct repeats and 1 tracrRNA. This tracrRNA model occasionally overlapped with predicted cas9 coding regions, emphasizing the importance of expanding our search windows for novel structure RNAs in coding regions. We also demonstrated that the antirepeat sequence in this tracrRNA model can be used to accurately assign thousands of predicted CRISPR arrays to type II-C systems. This study highlights the importance of unbiased identification of candidate structured RNAs across CRISPR-Cas systems.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Operon (mesh)RNA (mesh)Repetitive SequencesNucleic Acid (mesh)CRISPRstructured RNAcomparative genomicsRNA (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Repetitive SequencesNucleic Acid (mesh)Operon (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)CRISPRcomparative genomicsstructured RNACRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Operon (mesh)RNA (mesh)Repetitive SequencesNucleic Acid (mesh)0604 Genetics (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fp1p85qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4fp1p85q/qt4fp1p85q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1080/15476286.2022.2067714articleRNA Biology, vol 19, iss 1678 - 685oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt06z4n1xt2026-04-30T23:06:36Zqt06z4n1xtFunctional CRISPR dissection of gene networks controlling human regulatory T cell identitySchumann, KathrinRaju, Siddharth SLauber, MichaelKolb, SaskiaShifrut, EricCortez, Jessica TSkartsis, NikolaosNguyen, Vinh QWoo, Jonathan MRoth, Theodore LYu, RubyNguyen, Michelle LTSimeonov, Dimitre RNguyen, David NTarg, SashaGate, Rachel ETang, QizhiBluestone, Jeffrey ASpitzer, Matthew HYe, Chun JimmieMarson, Alexander2020-11-01Human regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for immune homeostasis. The transcription factor FOXP3 maintains Treg cell identity, yet the complete set of key transcription factors that control Treg cell gene expression remains unknown. Here, we used pooled and arrayed Cas9 ribonucleoprotein screens to identify transcription factors that regulate critical proteins in primary human Treg cells under basal and proinflammatory conditions. We then generated 54,424 single-cell transcriptomes from Treg cells subjected to genetic perturbations and cytokine stimulation, which revealed distinct gene networks individually regulated by FOXP3 and PRDM1, in addition to a network coregulated by FOXO1 and IRF4. We also discovered that HIVEP2, to our knowledge not previously implicated in Treg cell function, coregulates another gene network with SATB1 and is important for Treg cell–mediated immunosuppression. By integrating CRISPR screens and single-cell RNA-sequencing profiling, we have uncovered transcriptional regulators and downstream gene networks in human Treg cells that could be targeted for immunotherapies.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)Immunotherapy (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Inflammatory and immune system (hrcs-hc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Biomarkers (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (mesh)Disease Susceptibility (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Gene Knockout Techniques (mesh)Gene Regulatory Networks (mesh)Gene Targeting (mesh)Graft vs Host Disease (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Humans (mesh)T-LymphocytesRegulatory (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Humans (mesh)Graft vs Host Disease (mesh)Disease Susceptibility (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Targeting (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)T-LymphocytesRegulatory (mesh)Gene Regulatory Networks (mesh)Gene Knockout Techniques (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (mesh)Disease Susceptibility (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Gene Knockout Techniques (mesh)Gene Regulatory Networks (mesh)Gene Targeting (mesh)Graft vs Host Disease (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Humans (mesh)T-LymphocytesRegulatory (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)1107 Immunology (for)Immunology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/06z4n1xthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt06z4n1xt/qt06z4n1xt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41590-020-0784-4articleNature Immunology, vol 21, iss 111456 - 1466oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5kc9v4jh2026-04-30T23:06:31Zqt5kc9v4jhLarge-Scale Analyses of Human Microbiomes Reveal Thousands of Small, Novel GenesSberro, HilaFremin, Brayon JZlitni, SoumayaEdfors, FredrikGreenfield, NicholasSnyder, Michael PPavlopoulos, Georgios AKyrpides, Nikos CBhatt, Ami S2019-08-01Small proteins are traditionally overlooked due to computational and experimental difficulties in detecting them. To systematically identify small proteins, we carried out a comparative genomics study on 1,773 human-associated metagenomes from four different body sites. We describe >4,000 conserved protein families, the majority of which are novel; ∼30% of these protein families are predicted to be secreted or transmembrane. Over 90% of the small protein families have no known domain and almost half are not represented in reference genomes. We identify putative housekeeping, mammalian-specific, defense-related, and protein families that are likely to be horizontally transferred. We provide evidence of transcription and translation for a subset of these families. Our study suggests that small proteins are highly abundant and those of the human microbiome, in particular, may perform diverse functions that have not been previously reported.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Amino Acid Sequence (mesh)Cell Communication (mesh)Host-Pathogen Interactions (mesh)Humans (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Open Reading Frames (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Ribosomal Proteins (mesh)Sequence Alignment (mesh)Humans (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Ribosomal Proteins (mesh)Sequence Alignment (mesh)Cell Communication (mesh)Amino Acid Sequence (mesh)Open Reading Frames (mesh)Host-Pathogen Interactions (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)annotationbacteriabioinformaticsdomaingenomemicrobemicrobiomephagepredictionsmall open reading framesmall proteinsAmino Acid Sequence (mesh)Cell Communication (mesh)Host-Pathogen Interactions (mesh)Humans (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Open Reading Frames (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Ribosomal Proteins (mesh)Sequence Alignment (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kc9v4jhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5kc9v4jh/qt5kc9v4jh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.016articleCell, vol 178, iss 51245 - 1259.e14oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rx2j6kz2026-04-30T23:06:25Zqt5rx2j6kzReprogramming human T cell function and specificity with non-viral genome targetingRoth, Theodore LPuig-Saus, CristinaYu, RubyShifrut, EricCarnevale, JuliaLi, P JonathanHiatt, JosephSaco, JustinKrystofinski, PaigeLi, HanTobin, VictoriaNguyen, David NLee, Michael RPutnam, Amy LFerris, Andrea LChen, Jeff WSchickel, Jean-NicolasPellerin, LaurenceCarmody, DavidAlkorta-Aranburu, Gorkadel Gaudio, DanielaMatsumoto, HiroyukiMorell, MontseMao, YingCho, MinQuadros, Rolen MGurumurthy, Channabasavaiah BSmith, BazHaugwitz, MichaelHughes, Stephen HWeissman, Jonathan SSchumann, KathrinEsensten, Jonathan HMay, Andrew PAshworth, AlanKupfer, Gary MGreeley, Siri Atma WBacchetta, RosaMeffre, EricRoncarolo, Maria GraziaRomberg, NeilHerold, Kevan CRibas, AntoniLeonetti, Manuel DMarson, Alexander2018-07-01Decades of work have aimed to genetically reprogram T cells for therapeutic purposes1,2 using recombinant viral vectors, which do not target transgenes to specific genomic sites3,4. The need for viral vectors has slowed down research and clinical use as their manufacturing and testing is lengthy and expensive. Genome editing brought the promise of specific and efficient insertion of large transgenes into target cells using homology-directed repair5,6. Here we developed a CRISPR–Cas9 genome-targeting system that does not require viral vectors, allowing rapid and efficient insertion of large DNA sequences (greater than one kilobase) at specific sites in the genomes of primary human T cells, while preserving cell viability and function. This permits individual or multiplexed modification of endogenous genes. First, we applied this strategy to correct a pathogenic IL2RA mutation in cells from patients with monogenic autoimmune disease, and demonstrate improved signalling function. Second, we replaced the endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) locus with a new TCR that redirected T cells to a cancer antigen. The resulting TCR-engineered T cells specifically recognized tumour antigens and mounted productive anti-tumour cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Together, these studies provide preclinical evidence that non-viral genome targeting can enable rapid and flexible experimental manipulation and therapeutic engineering of primary human immune cells.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Gene Therapy (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Cancer Genomics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)5.2 Cellular and gene therapies (hrcs-rac)5.1 Pharmaceuticals (hrcs-rac)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Inflammatory and immune system (hrcs-hc)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)Autoimmunity (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Cellular Reprogramming (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)GenomeHuman (mesh)Humans (mesh)Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit (mesh)Male (mesh)Mice (mesh)Neoplasm Transplantation (mesh)Protein Engineering (mesh)ReceptorsAntigenT-Cell (mesh)T-Lymphocytes (mesh)T-Lymphocytes (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Animals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)ReceptorsAntigenT-Cell (mesh)Protein Engineering (mesh)Neoplasm Transplantation (mesh)Autoimmunity (mesh)GenomeHuman (mesh)Male (mesh)Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)Cellular Reprogramming (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)Animals (mesh)Autoimmunity (mesh)CRISPR-Cas Systems (mesh)CellsCultured (mesh)Cellular Reprogramming (mesh)Gene Editing (mesh)GenomeHuman (mesh)Humans (mesh)Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit (mesh)Male (mesh)Mice (mesh)Neoplasm Transplantation (mesh)Protein Engineering (mesh)ReceptorsAntigenT-Cell (mesh)T-Lymphocytes (mesh)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rx2j6kzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5rx2j6kz/qt5rx2j6kz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41586-018-0326-5articleNature, vol 559, iss 7714405 - 409oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3st3h6v62026-04-30T23:06:05Zqt3st3h6v6Errors in reconstruction of dichroic X‐ray orientation tomography due to polarization rotation of the incident beamMarcus, Matthew AHeilman, HarlanAndrle, KasPlumb, Jayden2026-03-01Dichroic X-ray tomography is a technique in which the crystal orientation or magnetization of a sample is resolved in three dimensions. The best-known uses of this technique are for observation of magnetic moments via circular dichroism, using left- and right-handed circularly polarized X-ray beams. Another variant uses linear dichroism to resolve the crystal orientation. In both these techniques, it is assumed that the absorption of X-rays along a path inside a material can be computed as a line integral of a local absorption coefficient along the ray path. For linear dichroism, this assumption is inaccurate because the polarization of the beam changes along the propagation direction when the optic axis of the material is not aligned along the polarization. In this work, a finite-element Maxwell solver is used to simulate tomography and reconstructions. The propagation effect can lead to significant errors in the reconstructed orientations. These errors may be mitigated by taking data at additional angles or by operating at energies at which the dichroism is weak. An iterative approach is proposed which may allow accurate reconstruction with fewer data than would otherwise be required.5102 AtomicMolecular and Optical Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)X-ray linear dichroismorientation imagingtomography0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0205 Optical Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Biophysics (science-metrix)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3st3h6v6https://escholarship.org/content/qt3st3h6v6/qt3st3h6v6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1107/s1600577525011051articleJournal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol 33, iss 2409 - 416oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0s10f33v2026-04-30T23:03:04Zqt0s10f33vOn the Quantum Mechanics of Entropic ForcesCarney, DanielKarydas, ManthosScharnhorst, ThiloSingh, RoshniTaylor, Jacob M2025-07-01It was conjectured 30 years ago that gravity could arise from the entropic rearrangement of information. We offer a set of microscopic quantum models which realize this idea in detail. In particular, we suggest a simple mechanism by which Newton’s law of gravity arises from extremization of the free energy of a collection of qubits or oscillators, rather than from the exchange of virtual quanta of a fundamental field. We give both a local and a nonlocal version of the construction and show how to distinguish a range of these entropic models from ordinary perturbative quantum gravity using existing observations and near-term experiments.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)GravitationQuantum InformationStatistical Physics0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s10f33vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0s10f33v/qt0s10f33v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/y7sy-3by1articlePhysical Review X, vol 15, iss 3031038oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt98m130672026-04-30T23:02:49Zqt98m13067Rapid and Energy‐Efficient Synthesis of Disordered Rocksalt CathodesWu, Vincent CEvans, Hayden AGiovine, RaynaldPreefer, Molleigh BOng, JuliaYoshida, EricCabelguen, Pierre‐EtienneClément, Raphaële J2023-03-01Abstract Lithium‐rich transition metal oxides with a cation‐disordered rocksalt structure (disordered rocksalt oxides or DRX) are promising candidates for sustainable, next‐generation Li‐ion cathodes due to their high energy densities and compositional flexibility, enabling Co‐ and Ni‐free battery chemistries. However, current methods to synthesize DRX compounds require either high temperature (≈1000 °C) sintering for several hours, or high energy ball milling for several days in an inert atmosphere. Both methods are time‐ and energy‐intensive, limiting the scale up of DRX production. The present study reports the rapid synthesis of various DRX compositions in ambient air via a microwave‐assisted solid‐state technique resulting in reaction times as short as 5 min, which are more than two orders of magnitude faster than current synthesis methods. The DRX compounds synthesized via microwave are phase‐pure and have a similar short‐ and long‐range structure as compared to DRX materials synthesized via a standard solid‐state route, resulting in nearly identical electrochemical performance. In some cases, microwave heating allows for better particle size and morphology control. Overall, the rapid and energy‐efficient microwave technique provides a more sustainable route to produce DRX materials, further incentivizes the development of next‐generation DRX cathodes, and is key to accelerating their optimization via high‐throughput studies.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)cationsdisordered rocksaltslithium-ion batteriesmicrowave synthesis0303 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering (for)3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry (for-2020)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/98m13067https://escholarship.org/content/qt98m13067/qt98m13067.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/aenm.202203860articleAdvanced Energy Materials, vol 13, iss 10oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9ng999qt2026-04-30T23:01:36Zqt9ng999qtMeasurement of the Higgs boson mass and width using the four-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesHerrera, C MoraMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H Brandao2025-05-01A measurement of the Higgs boson mass and width via its decay to two bosons is presented. Proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, is used. The invariant mass distribution of four leptons in the on-shell Higgs boson decay is used to measure its mass and constrain its width. This yields the most precise single measurement of the Higgs boson mass to date, , and an upper limit on the width at 95% confidence level. A combination of the on- and off-shell Higgs boson production decaying to four leptons is used to determine the Higgs boson width, assuming that no new virtual particles affect the production, a premise that is tested by adding new heavy particles in the gluon fusion loop model. This result is combined with a previous CMS analysis of the off-shell Higgs boson production with decay to two leptons and two neutrinos, giving a measured Higgs boson width of , in agreement with the standard model prediction of 4.1 MeV. The strength of the off-shell Higgs boson production is also reported. The scenario of no off-shell Higgs boson production is excluded at a confidence level corresponding to 3.8 standard deviations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ng999qthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9ng999qt/qt9ng999qt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.111.092014articlePhysical Review D, vol 111, iss 9092014oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt995448nq2026-04-30T23:01:28Zqt995448nqTemporal and spatial pattern analysis of escaped prescribed fires in California from 1991 to 2020Li, ShuBaijnath-Rodino, Janine AYork, Robert AQuinn-Davidson, Lenya NBanerjee, Tirtha2025-01-01BackgroundPrescribed fires play a critical role in reducing the intensity and severity of future wildfires by systematically and widely consuming accumulated vegetation fuel. While the current probability of prescribed fire escape in the United States stands very low, their consequential impact, particularly the large wildfires they cause, raises substantial concerns. The most direct way of understanding this trade-off between wildfire risk reduction and prescribed fire escapes is to explore patterns in the historical prescribed fire records. This study investigates the spatiotemporal patterns of escaped prescribed fires in California from 1991 to 2020, offering insights for resource managers in developing effective forest management and fuel treatment strategies.ResultsThe results reveal that the months close to the beginning and end of the wildfire season, namely May, June, September, and November, have the highest frequency of escaped fires. Under similar environmental conditions, areas with more records of prescribed fire implementation tend to experience fewer escapes. The findings revealed the vegetation types most susceptible to escaped prescribed fires. Areas with tree cover ranging from 20 to 60% exhibited the highest incidence of escapes compared to shrubs and grasslands. Among all the environmental conditions analyzed, wind speed stands out as the predominant factor that affects the risk of prescribed fire escaping.ConclusionsThese findings mark an initial step in identifying high-risk areas and periods for prescribed fire escapes. Understanding these patterns and the challenges of quantifying escape rates can inform more effective landscape management practices.41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4102 Ecological Applications (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)15 Life on Land (sdg)Escaped prescribed firesFuel treatmentWildfireEscaped prescribed firesFuel treatmentWildfire0501 Ecological Applications (for)0502 Environmental Science and Management (for)0602 Ecology (for)3103 Ecology (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)4104 Environmental management (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/995448nqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt995448nq/qt995448nq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s42408-024-00342-3articleFire Ecology, vol 21, iss 13oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08t554tz2026-04-30T23:01:19Zqt08t554tzMeasurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for W+W− production in proton-proton collisions at s = 13.6 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND'Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesHerrera, C MoraMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, J2025-02-01Measurements at s = 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb − 1 . Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavor and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. The overall sensitivity is significantly better than that of previous results with a similar integrated luminosity. The improvement comes from a more refined control of experimental uncertainties and an improved fit strategy. An inclusive W + W − production cross section of 125.7 ± 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For the first time in proton-proton collisions, W W events with zero, one, and at least two jets are studied simultaneously and compared with recent theoretical predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSW boson pairs0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t554tzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt08t554tz/qt08t554tz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139231articlePhysics Letters B, vol 861139231oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84w4k34d2026-04-30T22:59:51Zqt84w4k34dConstraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling from the combination of single and double Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND'Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, W2025-02-01The Higgs boson (H) trilinear self-coupling, λ 3 , is constrained via its measured properties and limits on the HH pair production using the proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at s = 13 TeV . The combination of event categories enriched in single-H and HH events is used to measure κ λ , defined as the value of λ 3 normalized to its standard model prediction, while simultaneously constraining the Higgs boson couplings to fermions and vector bosons. Values of κ λ outside the interval − 1.2 < κ λ < 7.5 are excluded at 2σ confidence level, which is compatible with the expected range of − 2.0 < κ λ < 7.7 under the assumption that all other Higgs boson couplings are equal to their standard model predicted values. Relaxing the assumption on the Higgs couplings to fermions and vector bosons the observed (expected) κ λ interval is constrained to be within − 1.4 < κ λ < 7.8 ( − 2.3 < κ λ < 7.8 ) at 2σ confidence level.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSHiggsHHDi-HiggsSelf-couplingCombination0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84w4k34dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt84w4k34d/qt84w4k34d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139210articlePhysics Letters B, vol 861139210oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt00f9n2252026-04-30T22:59:35Zqt00f9n225Performance of the CMS high-level trigger during LHC Run 2Hayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBenato, LBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND'Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Bruyn, IDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PCornelis, TDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTTurkcapar, SAlves, GACoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesHerrera, C MoraTeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MManganote, EJ TonelliPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H Brandao2024-11-01The CERN LHC provided proton and heavy ion collisions during its Run 2 operation period from 2015 to 2018. Proton-proton collisions reached a peak instantaneous luminosity of 2.1× 1034 cm-2s-1, twice the initial design value, at √(s)=13 TeV. The CMS experiment records a subset of the collisions for further processing as part of its online selection of data for physics analyses, using a two-level trigger system: the Level-1 trigger, implemented in custom-designed electronics, and the high-level trigger, a streamlined version of the offline reconstruction software running on a large computer farm. This paper presents the performance of the CMS high-level trigger system during LHC Run 2 for physics objects, such as leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum, which meet the broad needs of the CMS physics program and the challenge of the evolving LHC and detector conditions. Sophisticated algorithms that were originally used in offline reconstruction were deployed online. Highlights include a machine-learning b tagging algorithm and a reconstruction algorithm for tau leptons that decay hadronically.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physicsTrigger concepts and systems (hardware and software)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/00f9n225https://escholarship.org/content/qt00f9n225/qt00f9n225.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/p11021articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 19, iss 11p11021oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1d05p2b92026-04-30T22:59:22Zqt1d05p2b9Searches for Pair-Produced Multijet Resonances Using Data Scouting in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PHohov, DJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DMestdach, GAmarilo, K MotaRendón, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáPereira, M Alves GalloFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, J2024-11-15Searches for pair-produced multijet signatures using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 128 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV are presented. A data scouting technique is employed to record events with low jet scalar transverse momentum sum values. The electroweak production of particles predicted in R-parity violating supersymmetric models is probed for the first time with fully hadronic final states. This is the first search for prompt hadronically decaying mass-degenerate higgsinos, and extends current exclusions on R-parity violating top squarks and gluinos.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMS Collaboration01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d05p2b9https://escholarship.org/content/qt1d05p2b9/qt1d05p2b9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.133.201803articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 133, iss 20201803oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6kp7s2b52026-04-30T22:59:04Zqt6kp7s2b5Observation of double J/ψ meson production in pPb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, W2024-11-01The first observation of the concurrent production of two mesons in proton-nucleus collisions is presented. The analysis is based on a proton-lead ( ) data sample recorded at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . The two mesons are reconstructed in their decay channels with transverse momenta and rapidity . Events where one of the mesons is reconstructed in the dielectron channel are also considered in the search. The process is observed with a significance of 5.3 standard deviations. The measured inclusive fiducial cross section, using the four-muon channel alone, is . A fit of the data to the expected rapidity separation for pairs of mesons produced in single (SPS) and double (DPS) parton scatterings yields and , respectively. This latter result can be transformed into a lower bound on the effective DPS cross section, closely related to the squared average interparton transverse separation in the collision, of at 95% confidence level. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kp7s2b5https://escholarship.org/content/qt6kp7s2b5/qt6kp7s2b5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.110.092002articlePhysical Review D, vol 110, iss 9092002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4dm3780d2026-04-30T22:58:55Zqt4dm3780dElectronic energy transfer ionization in naphthalene–CO 2 clusters reveals excited states of dry iceLemmens, Alexander KWannenmacher, AnnaDias, NureshanAhmed, Musahid2024-08-28Electronic energy relaxation and transfer shapes the photochemistry in molecules and materials that are exposed to UV radiation in areas ranging from astrochemistry to biology. The interaction between CO2 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) specifically, is of paramount interest in astrochemically relevant ices, the transition to renewable energy and the development of green chemistry. We investigate the vacuum UV excitation of the naphthalene-CO2 complex and observe excited states of CO2 through a newly identified molecular electronic energy transfer ionization mechanism. We evaluate the spectral development upon cluster growth with time-dependent density functional theory and show that the photoionization spectrum of naphthalene-CO2 closely resembles the photon-stimulated desorption spectrum of CO2 ice. The molecular electronic energy transfer ionization mechanism may affect the energy redistribution and charge balance in the interstellar medium significantly and therefore we discuss its implications for astrochemical models.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)CSD-04-GPCP-A (c-lbnl-label)03 Chemical Sciences (for)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dm3780dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4dm3780d/qt4dm3780d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d4sc03561earticleChemical Science, vol 15, iss 3413631 - 13637oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt75b8x71r2026-04-30T22:58:45Zqt75b8x71rSearch for flavor changing neutral current interactions of the top quark in final states with a photon and additional jets in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MDel Valle, A EscalanteHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Mechelen, PBols, ESD’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MFaham, H ElLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DSahasransu, ARTavernier, STytgat, MVan Putte, SVannerom, DClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GFavart, LHohov, DJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, ALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SPétré, LPostiau, NThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMestdach, GRendón, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, NWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABruno, GCaputo, CDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AJaffel, KJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PMondal, KTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MJúnior, WL AldáPereira, M Alves GalloFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EMDa Silveira, GGDe Jesus Damiao, DDe Souza, S FonsecaMartins, JHerrera, C MoraAmarilo, K MotaMundim, L2024-04-01A search for the production of a top quark in association with a photon and additional jets via flavor changing neutral current interactions is presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . The search is performed by looking for processes where a single top quark is produced in association with a photon, or a pair of top quarks where one of the top quarks decays into a photon and an up or charm quark. Events with an electron or a muon, a photon, one or more jets, and missing transverse momentum are selected. Multivariate analysis techniques are used to discriminate signal and standard model background processes. No significant deviation is observed over the predicted background. Observed (expected) upper limits are set on the branching fractions of top quark decays: ( ) and ( ) at 95% confidence level, assuming a single nonzero coupling at a time. The obtained limit for is similar to the current best limit, while the limit for is significantly tighter than previous results. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/75b8x71rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt75b8x71r/qt75b8x71r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.109.072004articlePhysical Review D, vol 109, iss 7072004oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0w18t2n12026-04-30T22:58:29Zqt0w18t2n1Two-particle Bose-Einstein correlations and their Lévy parameters in PbPb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVTumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MDel Valle, A EscalanteHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLechner, LLiko, DMikulec, IPaulitsch, PSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TKello, TSfar, H RejebVan Mechelen, PBols, ESD'Hondt, JDe Moor, ADelcourt, MFaham, H ElLowette, SMorton, AMüller, DSahasransu, ARTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Putte, SVannerom, DClerbaux, BDansana, SDe Lentdecker, GFavart, LHohov, DJaramillo, JLee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMakarenko, IMalara, AParedes, SPétré, LPostiau, NThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDobur, DKnolle, JLambrecht, LMestdach, GRendón, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KTytgat, MVan Den Bossche, NVermassen, BWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABruno, GBury, FCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AJaffel, KJainLemaitre, VMondal, KTaliercio, ATran, TTVischia, PWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloJúnior, WL AldáPereira, M Alves GalloFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EMDa Silveira, GGDe Jesus Damiao, DDos Santos Sousa, VDe Souza, S Fonseca2024-02-01Two-particle Bose–Einstein momentum correlation functions are studied for charged-hadron pairs in lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of . The data sample, containing minimum bias events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 , was collected by the CMS experiment in 2018. The experimental results are discussed in terms of a Lévy-type source distribution. The parameters of this distribution are extracted as functions of particle pair average transverse mass and collision centrality. These parameters include the Lévy index or shape parameter , the Lévy scale parameter , and the correlation strength parameter . The source shape, characterized by , is found to be neither Cauchy nor Gaussian, implying the need for a full Lévy analysis. Similarly to what was previously found for systems characterized by Gaussian source radii, a hydrodynamical scaling is observed for the Lévy parameter. The parameter is studied in terms of the core-halo model. ©2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w18t2n1https://escholarship.org/content/qt0w18t2n1/qt0w18t2n1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.109.024914articlePhysical Review C, vol 109, iss 2024914oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9g15583q2026-04-30T22:58:16Zqt9g15583qStudy of azimuthal anisotropy of ϒ(1S) mesons in pPb collisions at s NN = 8.16 TeVTumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MDel Valle, A EscalanteHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLechner, LLiko, DMikulec, IPaulitsch, PPitters, FMSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TKello, TSfar, H RejebVan Mechelen, PBols, ESD'Hondt, JDe Moor, ADelcourt, MFaham, H ElLowette, SMoortgat, SMorton, AMüller, DSahasransu, ARTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVannerom, DClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GFavart, LHohov, DJaramillo, JLee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMakarenko, IMalara, AParedes, SPétré, LPostiau, NThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDobur, DKnolle, JLambrecht, LMestdach, GNiedziela, MRendón, CRoskas, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KTytgat, MVan Den Bossche, NVermassen, BWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABruno, GBury, FCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AJaffel, KJainLemaitre, VMondal, KTaliercio, ATran, TTVischia, PWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloJúnior, WL AldáPereira, M Alves GalloFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EMDa Silveira, GGDe Jesus Damiao, D2024-03-01The azimuthal anisotropy of Image 1 mesons in high-multiplicity proton-lead collisions is studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV . The Image 1 mesons are reconstructed using their dimuon decay channel. The anisotropy is characterized by the second Fourier harmonic coefficients, found using a two-particle correlation technique, in which the Image 1 mesons are correlated with charged hadrons. A large pseudorapidity gap is used to suppress short-range correlations. Nonflow contamination from the dijet background is removed using a low-multiplicity subtraction method, and the results are presented as a function of Image 1 transverse momentum. The azimuthal anisotropies are smaller than those found for charmonia in proton-lead collisions at the same collision energy, but are consistent with values found for Image 1 mesons in lead-lead interactions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSpPbHeavy ionv2UpsilonFlow0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g15583qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9g15583q/qt9g15583q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.138518articlePhysics Letters B, vol 850138518oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt21h739xt2026-04-30T22:58:04Zqt21h739xtStudy of charm hadronization with prompt Λc+ baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeVTumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MEscalante Del Valle, AHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLechner, LLiko, DMikulec, IPaulitsch, PSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TKello, TVan Mechelen, PBols, ESD’Hondt, JDe Moor, ADelcourt, MEl Faham, HLowette, SMorton, AMüller, DSahasransu, ARTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Putte, SVannerom, DClerbaux, BDansana, SDe Lentdecker, GFavart, LHohov, DJaramillo, JLee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMakarenko, IMalara, AParedes, SPétré, LPostiau, NThomas, LVanden Bemden, MVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDobur, DKnolle, JLambrecht, LMestdach, GRendón, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KTytgat, MVan Den Bossche, NVermassen, BWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABruno, GBury, FCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AJaffel, KJain, SaLemaitre, VMondal, KTaliercio, ATran, TTVischia, PWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CMoraes, ARebello Teles, PAldá Júnior, WLAlves Gallo Pereira, MBarroso Ferreira Filho, MBrandao Malbouisson, HCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EMDa Silveira, GGDe Jesus Damiao, DDos Santos Sousa, VFonseca De Souza, SMartins, J2024-01-01The production of prompt Λc+$$ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $$ baryons is measured via the exclusive decay channel Λc+→pK−π+$$ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+}\to p{\textrm{K}}^{-}{\pi}^{+} $$ at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, using proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The pp and PbPb data were obtained in 2017 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 252 and 0.607 nb−1, respectively. The measurements are performed within the Λc+$$ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $$ rapidity interval |y| < 1 with transverse momentum (pT) ranges of 3–30 and 6–40 GeV/c for pp and PbPb collisions, respectively. Compared to the yields in pp collisions scaled by the expected number of nucleon-nucleon interactions, the observed yields of Λc+$$ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $$ with pT> 10 GeV/c are strongly suppressed in PbPb collisions. The level of suppression depends significantly on the collision centrality. The Λc+$$ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $$/D0 production ratio is similar in PbPb and pp collisions at pT> 10 GeV/c, suggesting that the coalescence process does not play a dominant role in prompt Λc+$$ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $$ baryon production at higher pT.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Heavy Ion ExperimentsHeavy Quark ProductionRelativistic Heavy Ion PhysicsHeavy Ion ExperimentsHeavy Quark ProductionRelativistic Heavy Ion Physics0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/21h739xthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt21h739xt/qt21h739xt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep01(2024)128articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2024, iss 1128oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5br7r07k2026-04-30T22:57:51Zqt5br7r07kQuantifying the effectiveness of shaded fuel breaks from ground-based, aerial, and spaceborne observationsBaijnath-Rodino, Janine AMartinez, AlexandreYork, Robert AFoufoula-Georgiou, EfiAghaKouchak, AmirBanerjee, Tirtha2023-09-01Shaded fuel breaks are treatments that aim to mitigate wildfires by establishing linearly aligned locations where wildfire suppression efforts can be more effective at stopping wildfires. Despite the potential of fuel breaks to alter fire behavior, there have been limited quantitative assessments of their effectiveness following exposure to wildfires. In addition, wildfires often occurin complex terrains that are difficult to access with ground vehicles and sensors, posing challenges for data acquisition. However, the use of Remote-controlled Aerial Vehicles (RAVs), such as drones, is becoming increasingly popular as a viable means of conducting high-resolution observations in areas of interest. This study presents the results from a unique opportunity to utilize three distinct observation scale platforms (in-situ, aerial, and spaceborne) to investigate the burn severity impacts across a prior shaded fuel break that serendipitously encountered the 2020 Creek Fire in the Sierra Nevada forests of California, USA. To provide a direct measure of fire severity, ground-based measurements determined the percentage crown volume (PCV) of scorch and char as a function of distance from the fuel break edge. Along five transects of the fuel break, we also utilized visible bands from drone imagery and digital photogrammetry, to generate georeferenced orthophotos and quantify vegetation health using the Green Leaf Index (GLI). We also quantified burn severity by computing the Delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and vegetation health using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Sentinel 2 spaceborne observations. Our results indicate that within the fuel break, the PCV of char is 2 × less than it was outside of it (with PCV char declining at a rate of 2% per 3 m into the fuel break). Burn severity is 5 × less, and vegetation health is approximately 3 × greater within the fuel break compared to directly outside. Furthermore, postfire vegetation health was only 1 × less within the fuel break compared to the pre fire condition, whereas it was 5 × less in the surrounding region. The results confirm that the fuel break altered the fire behavior, reducing the fire intensity, thereby proving effective at reducing fire burn severity and preserving vegetation health within the fuel break.4102 Ecological Applications (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Multispectral analysisRemote Controlled Aerial VehiclesFuel breakWildfiresBurn severity05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Forestry (science-metrix)3103 Ecology (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5br7r07khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5br7r07k/qt5br7r07k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121142articleForest Ecology and Management, vol 543121142oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt22q0g66c2026-04-30T22:53:46Zqt22q0g66cAcceptor-Induced Bulk Dielectric Loss in Superconducting Circuits on SiliconZhang, Zi-HuaiGodeneli, KadircanHe, JustinOdeh, MutasemZhou, HaoxinMeesala, SrujanSipahigil, Alp2024-10-01The performance of superconducting quantum circuits is primarily limited by dielectric loss due to interactions with two-level systems (TLSs). State-of-the-art circuits with engineered material interfaces are approaching a limit where dielectric loss from bulk substrates plays an important role. However, a microscopic understanding of dielectric loss in crystalline substrates is still lacking. In this work, we show that boron acceptors in silicon constitute a TLS bath that leads to an energy dissipation channel for superconducting circuits. We discuss how the electronic structure of boron acceptors leads to an effective TLS response in silicon. We sweep the boron concentration in silicon and demonstrate the bulk dielectric loss limit from boron acceptors. We show that boron-induced dielectric loss can be reduced in a magnetic field due to the spin-orbit structure of boron. This work provides the first detailed microscopic description of a TLS bath for superconducting circuits and demonstrates the need for ultrahigh-purity substrates for next-generation superconducting quantum processors. Published by the American Physical Society 202451 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)MSD-General (c-lbnl-label)MSD-Functional Nanomachines (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/22q0g66chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt22q0g66c/qt22q0g66c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevx.14.041022articlePhysical Review X, vol 14, iss 4041022oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt27b1s6dv2026-04-30T22:53:42Zqt27b1s6dvPositive feedback in Ras activation by full-length SOS arises from autoinhibition release mechanismRen, HeLee, Albert ALew, LJ NugentDeGrandchamp, Joseph BGroves, Jay T2024-10-01Signaling through the Ras-MAPK pathway can exhibit switch-like activation, which has been attributed to the underlying positive feedback and bimodality in the activation of RasGDP to RasGTP by SOS. SOS contains both catalytic and allosteric Ras binding sites, and a common assumption is that allosteric activation selectively by RasGTP provides the mechanism of positive feedback. However, recent single-molecule studies have revealed that SOS catalytic rates are independent of the nucleotide state of Ras in the allosteric binding site, raising doubt about this as a positive feedback mechanism. Here, we perform detailed kinetic analyses of receptor-mediated recruitment of full-length SOS to the membrane while simultaneously monitoring its catalytic activation of Ras. These results, along with kinetic modeling, expose the autoinhibition release step in SOS, rather than either recruitment or allosteric activation, as the underlying mechanism giving rise to positive feedback in Ras activation.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)FeedbackPhysiological (mesh)ras Proteins (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Allosteric Regulation (mesh)SOS1 Protein (mesh)Enzyme Activation (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Son of Sevenless Proteins (mesh)Humans (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Humans (mesh)ras Proteins (mesh)Son of Sevenless Proteins (mesh)SOS1 Protein (mesh)Allosteric Regulation (mesh)Enzyme Activation (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)FeedbackPhysiological (mesh)FeedbackPhysiological (mesh)ras Proteins (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Allosteric Regulation (mesh)SOS1 Protein (mesh)Enzyme Activation (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Son of Sevenless Proteins (mesh)Humans (mesh)02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Biophysics (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/27b1s6dvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt27b1s6dv/qt27b1s6dv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.014articleBiophysical Journal, vol 123, iss 193295 - 3303oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4mc4z1kb2026-04-30T22:53:35Zqt4mc4z1kbpH jump kinetics in colliding microdroplets: accelerated synthesis of azamonardine from dopamine and resorcinolBrown, Emily KRovelli, GraziaWilson, Kevin R2023-06-14Recent studies report the dramatic acceleration of chemical reactions in micron-sized compartments. In the majority of these studies the exact acceleration mechanism is unknown but the droplet interface is thought to play a significant role. Dopamine reacts with resorcinol to form a fluorescent product azamonardine and is used as a model system to examine how droplet interfaces accelerate reaction kinetics. The reaction is initiated by colliding two droplets levitated in a branched quadrupole trap, which allows the reaction to be observed in individual droplets where the size, concentration, and charge are carefully controlled. The collision of two droplets produces a pH jump and the reaction kinetics are quantified optically and in situ by measuring the formation of azamonardine. The reaction was observed to occur 1.5 to 7.4 times faster in 9-35 micron droplets compared to the same reaction conducted in a macroscale container. A kinetic model of the experimental results suggests that the acceleration mechanism arises from both the more rapid diffusion of oxygen into the droplet, as well as increased reagent concentrations at the air-water interface.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)CSD-03-CPIMS-A (c-lbnl-label)CSD-46-All CSGB (c-lbnl-label)CSD-16-CPIMS-B (c-lbnl-label)03 Chemical Sciences (for)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mc4z1kbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4mc4z1kb/qt4mc4z1kb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d3sc01576aarticleChemical Science, vol 14, iss 236430 - 6442oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1286c46h2026-04-30T22:53:07Zqt1286c46hPhysical exercise is associated with less neurocognitive impairment among HIV-infected adultsDufour, Catherine AMarquine, Maria JFazeli, Pariya LHenry, Brook LEllis, Ronald JGrant, IgorMoore, David Jthe HNRP Group2013-10-01Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains prevalent in HIV infection. Randomized trials have shown that physical exercise improves NCI in non-HIV-infected adults, but data on HIV-infected populations are limited. Community-dwelling HIV-infected participants (n = 335) completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery that was utilized to define both global and domain-specific NCI. Participants were divided into “exercise” (n = 83) and “no exercise” (n = 252) groups based on whether they self-reported engaging in any activity that increased heart rate in the last 72 h or not. We also measured and evaluated a series of potential confounding factors, including demographics, HIV disease characteristics, substance use and psychiatric comorbidities, and physical functioning. Lower rates of global NCI were observed among the exercise group (15.7 %) as compared to those in the no exercise group (31.0 %; p < 0.01). A multivariable logistic regression controlling for potential confounds (i.e., education, AIDS status, current CD4+ lymphocyte count, self-reported physical function, current depression) showed that being in the exercise group remained significantly associated with lower global NCI (odds ratio = 2.63, p < 0.05). Similar models of domain-specific NCI showed that exercise was associated with reduced impairment in working memory (p < 0.05) and speed of information processing (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that HIV-infected adults who exercise are approximately half as likely to show NCI as compared to those who do not. Future longitudinal studies might be best suited to address causality, and intervention trials in HIV-infected individuals will determine whether exercise can prevent or ameliorate NCI in this population.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Physical Activity (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)6.1 Pharmaceuticals (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Antiretroviral TherapyHighly Active (mesh)CD4 Lymphocyte Count (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Community Health Services (mesh)Educational Status (mesh)Exercise (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Logistic Models (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Male (mesh)MemoryShort-Term (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Quality of Life (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Task Performance and Analysis (mesh)HIV/AIDSMild neurocognitive impairmentPhysical exerciseCognitionLifestyleNeuropsychologyHNRP GroupHumans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)CD4 Lymphocyte Count (mesh)Antiretroviral TherapyHighly Active (mesh)Exercise (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Logistic Models (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)MemoryShort-Term (mesh)Task Performance and Analysis (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Quality of Life (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Educational Status (mesh)Community Health Services (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Adult (mesh)Antiretroviral TherapyHighly Active (mesh)CD4 Lymphocyte Count (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Community Health Services (mesh)Educational Status (mesh)Exercise (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)Logistic Models (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Male (mesh)MemoryShort-Term (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Neuropsychological Tests (mesh)Quality of Life (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Task Performance and Analysis (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1108 Medical Microbiology (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)Virology (science-metrix)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1286c46hinfo:doi/10.1007/s13365-013-0184-8articleJournal of NeuroVirology, vol 19, iss 5410 - 417oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt74f193jr2026-04-30T22:49:57Zqt74f193jrString theory and grand unification suggest a submicroelectronvolt QCD axionBenabou, Joshua NFraser, KatherineReig, MarioSafdi, Benjamin R2025-09-15Axions, grand unification, and string theory are each compelling extensions of the Standard Model. We show that combining these frameworks imposes strong constraints on the QCD axion mass. Using perturbative unitarity arguments and explicit string compactifications—such as those from the Kreuzer-Skarke (KS) type IIB ensemble—we find that the axion mass is favored to lie within the range . This range is directly relevant for near-future axion dark matter searches, including ABRACADABRA/DMRadio and CASPEr. We argue that grand unification and the absence of proton decay suggest a compactification volume that keeps the string scale above the unification scale ( ), which in turn limits how heavy the axion can be. The same requirements limit the KS axiverse to have at most axions. As an additional application of our methodology, we search for axions in the KS axiverse that could explain the recent Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument hints of evolving dark energy but find none with high enough decay constant ( ); we comment on why such high decay constants and low axion masses are difficult to obtain in string compactifications more broadly.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/74f193jrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt74f193jr/qt74f193jr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/lthr-97lmarticlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 6066003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8m20h10h2026-04-30T22:49:51Zqt8m20h10h4f-Orbital mixing increases the magnetic susceptibility of Cp′ 3 EuGunther, S OliviaQiao, YusenSmith, Patrick WCiccone, Sierra RDitter, Alexander SHuh, Daniel NMoreau, Liane MShuh, David KSun, TaoxiangArnold, Polly LBooth, Corwin Hde Jong, Wibe AEvans, William JLukens, Wayne WMinasian, Stefan G2024-08-14Traditional models of lanthanide electronic structure suggest that bonding is predominantly ionic, and that covalent orbital mixing is not an important factor in determining magnetic properties. Here, 4f orbital mixing and its impact on the magnetic susceptibility of Cp'3Eu (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3) was analyzed experimentally using magnetometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) methods at the C K-, Eu M5,4-, and L3-edges. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-calculated C K-edge XAS spectra provided unequivocal evidence of C 2p and Eu 4f orbital mixing in the π-antibonding orbital of a' symmetry. The charge-transfer configurations resulting from 4f orbital mixing were identified spectroscopically by using Eu M5,4-edge and L3-edge XAS. Modeling of variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data showed excellent agreement with the XAS results and indicated that increased magnetic susceptibility of Cp'3Eu is due to removal of the degeneracy of the 7F1 excited state due to mixing between the ligand and Eu 4f orbitals.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)CSD-18-HEC-B (c-lbnl-label)CSD-50-REP-B (c-lbnl-label)03 Chemical Sciences (for)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8m20h10hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8m20h10h/qt8m20h10h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d4sc01300jarticleChemical Science, vol 15, iss 3212667 - 12675oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9dx9388h2026-04-30T22:49:46Zqt9dx9388hLumped-element axion dark matter detection beyond the magnetoquasistatic limitBenabou, Joshua NFoster, Joshua WKahn, YonatanSafdi, Benjamin RSalemi, Chiara P2023-08-01A number of proposals have been put forward for detecting axion dark matter (DM) with grand unification scale decay constants that rely on the conversion of coherent DM axions to oscillating magnetic fields in the presence of static, laboratory magnetic fields. Crucially, such experiments—including ABRACADABRA—have to date worked in the limit that the axion Compton wavelength is larger than the size of the experiment, which allows one to take a magnetoquasistatic (MQS) approach to characterize the detector apparatus and model the axion signal. We use finite element methods to solve the coupled axion-electromagnetism equations of motion without assuming the MQS approximation. We show that the MQS approximation becomes a poor approximation at frequencies 2 orders of magnitude lower than the naive MQS limit frequency commonly defined by the inverse diameter of a lumped-element detector. Radiation losses diminish the quality factor of an otherwise high-Q resonant readout circuit, though this may be mitigated through shielding and minimizing lossy materials. Additionally, self-resonances associated with the detector geometry change the reactive properties of the pickup system, leading to two generic features beyond MQS: There are frequencies that require an inductive rather than capacitive tuning to maintain resonance, and the detector itself becomes a multipole resonator at high frequencies. Accounting for these features, competitive sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling may be extended well beyond the naive MQS limit.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dx9388hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9dx9388h/qt9dx9388h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.108.035009articlePhysical Review D, vol 108, iss 3035009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6689d2tg2026-04-30T22:49:42Zqt6689d2tgEnvironmental Impact Assessment of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brines in the SS-KGRA: An OverviewBusse, MMStokes-Draut, JCamarillo, MKMillstein, DSlattery, MMcKibben, MDobson, PStringfellow, W2023-01-01There is increasing interest in securing a reliable, domestic source of lithium in the United States to support an electrified grid and energy secure future. The Salton Sea Known Geothermal Resource Area (SS-KGRA) has garnered attention for this purpose due to the abundance of lithium in brines brought to the surface for geothermal energy production in this region. Geothermal production from this field is already expected to grow from the current 400 MWe to 920 MWe in the next 3-4 years with a potential total geothermal capacity in the region estimated at nearly 2,950 MWe. With this growth, there is potential for construction and operation of new direct lithium recovery and processing facilities to meet domestic demands for lithium. In this work, we estimate the potential impact of geothermal expansion and lithium extraction in the SS-KGRA on water use, direct air emissions from facilities, and solid waste production and management.Geochemistry & Geophysics (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6689d2tghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6689d2tg/qt6689d2tg.pdfarticleTransactions Geothermal Resources Council, vol 47192 - 200oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2g59q97g2026-04-30T22:49:38Zqt2g59q97gLow- and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Dementia Risk Over 17 Years of Follow-up Among Members of a Large Health Care PlanFerguson, Erin LZimmerman, Scott CJiang, ChenChoi, MinhyukSwinnerton, KaitlinChoudhary, VidhuMeyers, Travis JHoffmann, Thomas JGilsanz, PaolaOni-Orisan, AkinyemiWhitmer, Rachel ARisch, NeilKrauss, Ronald MSchaefer, Catherine AGlymour, M Maria2023-11-21BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with dementia risk in later life may be complex, and few studies have sufficient data to model nonlinearities or adequately adjust for statin use. We evaluated the observational associations of HDL-C and LDL-C with incident dementia in a large and well-characterized cohort with linked survey and electronic health record (EHR) data.
METHODS: Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan members aged 55 years and older who completed a health behavior survey between 2002 and 2007, had no history of dementia before the survey, and had laboratory measurements of cholesterol within 2 years after survey completion were followed up through December 2020 for incident dementia (Alzheimer disease-related dementia [ADRD]; Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and/or nonspecific dementia) based on ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes in EHRs. We used Cox models for incident dementia with follow-up time beginning 2 years postsurvey (after cholesterol measurement) and censoring at end of membership, death, or end of study period. We evaluated nonlinearities using B-splines, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and survey confounders, and tested for effect modification by baseline age or prior statin use.
RESULTS: A total of 184,367 participants [mean age at survey = 69.5 years, mean HDL-C = 53.7 mg/dL (SD = 15.0), mean LDL-C = 108 mg/dL (SD = 30.6)] were included. Higher and lower HDL-C values were associated with elevated ADRD risk compared with the middle quantile: HDL-C in the lowest quintile was associated with an HR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.11), and HDL-C in the highest quintile was associated with an HR of 1.15 (95% CI 1.11-1.20). LDL-C was not associated with dementia risk overall, but statin use qualitatively modified the association. Higher LDL-C was associated with a slightly greater risk of ADRD for statin users (53% of the sample, HR per 10 mg/dL increase = 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02) and a lower risk for nonusers (HR per 10 mg/dL increase = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99). There was evidence for effect modification by age with linear HDL-C (p = 0.003) but not LDL-C (p = 0.59).
DISCUSSION: Both low and high levels of HDL-C were associated with elevated dementia risk. The association between LDL-C and dementia risk was modest.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Atherosclerosis (rcdc)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Cerebrovascular (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) (rcdc)Vascular Cognitive Impairment/Dementia (rcdc)Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Humans (mesh)Aged (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)CholesterolLDL (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Cholesterol (mesh)Delivery of Health Care (mesh)Humans (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Cholesterol (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Aged (mesh)Delivery of Health Care (mesh)CholesterolLDL (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)Humans (mesh)Aged (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)CholesterolLDL (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (mesh)Alzheimer Disease (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Cholesterol (mesh)Delivery of Health Care (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g59q97ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2g59q97g/qt2g59q97g.pdfinfo:doi/10.1212/wnl.0000000000207876articleNeurology, vol 101, iss 21e2172 - e2184oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt000084s12026-04-30T22:49:33Zqt000084s1A gene–diet interaction controlling relative intake of dietary carbohydrates and fatsNelson, Nnamdi GWu, LiliMaier, Matthew TLam, DianaCheang, RachelAlba, DianaHuang, AlyssaNeumann, Drexel AHill, TessVagena, EiriniBarsh, Gregory SMedina, Marisa WKrauss, Ronald MKoliwad, Suneil KXu, Allison W2022-04-01OBJECTIVE: Preference for dietary fat vs. carbohydrate varies markedly across free-living individuals. It is recognized that food choice is under genetic and physiological regulation, and that the central melanocortin system is involved. However, how genetic and dietary factors interact to regulate relative macronutrient intake is not well understood.
METHODS: We investigated how the choice for food rich in carbohydrate vs. fat is influenced by dietary cholesterol availability and agouti-related protein (AGRP), the orexigenic component of the central melanocortin system. We assessed how macronutrient intake and different metabolic parameters correlate with plasma AGRP in a cohort of obese humans. We also examined how both dietary cholesterol levels and inhibiting de novo cholesterol synthesis affect carbohydrate and fat intake in mice, and how dietary cholesterol deficiency during the postnatal period impacts macronutrient intake patterns in adulthood.
RESULTS: In obese human subjects, plasma levels of AGRP correlated inversely with consumption of carbohydrates over fats. Moreover, AgRP-deficient mice preferred to consume more calories from carbohydrates than fats, more so when each diet lacked cholesterol. Intriguingly, inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis (simvastatin) promoted carbohydrate intake at the expense of fat without altering total caloric consumption, an effect that was remarkably absent in AgRP-deficient mice. Finally, feeding lactating C57BL/6 dams and pups a cholesterol-free diet prior to weaning led the offspring to prefer fats over carbohydrates as adults, indicating that altered cholesterol metabolism early in life programs adaptive changes to macronutrient intake.
CONCLUSIONS: Together, our study illustrates a specific gene-diet interaction in modulating food choice.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Prevention (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Obesity (rcdc)Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Metabolic and endocrine (hrcs-hc)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)Stroke (hrcs-hc)Adult (mesh)Agouti-Related Protein (mesh)Animals (mesh)CholesterolDietary (mesh)Diet (mesh)Dietary Carbohydrates (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Lactation (mesh)Melanocortins (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred C57BL (mesh)Obesity (mesh)CholesterolAgRPSimvastatinDietary preferenceAnimals (mesh)MiceInbred C57BL (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)Obesity (mesh)Dietary Carbohydrates (mesh)CholesterolDietary (mesh)Diet (mesh)Lactation (mesh)Adult (mesh)Female (mesh)Melanocortins (mesh)Agouti-Related Protein (mesh)AgRPCholesterolDietary preferenceSimvastatinAdult (mesh)Agouti-Related Protein (mesh)Animals (mesh)CholesterolDietary (mesh)Diet (mesh)Dietary Carbohydrates (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Lactation (mesh)Melanocortins (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred C57BL (mesh)Obesity (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0606 Physiology (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/000084s1https://escholarship.org/content/qt000084s1/qt000084s1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101442articleMolecular Metabolism, vol 58101442oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4q31x5tg2026-04-30T22:49:27Zqt4q31x5tgTransmembrane Protein 55B Is a Novel Regulator of Cellular Cholesterol MetabolismMedina, Marisa WBauzon, FrederickNaidoo, DeveshTheusch, ElizabethStevens, KristenSchilde, JessicaSchubert, ChristianMangravite, Lara MRudel, Lawrence LTemel, Ryan ERunz, HeikoKrauss, Ronald M2014-09-01OBJECTIVE: Interindividual variation in pathways affecting cellular cholesterol metabolism can influence levels of plasma cholesterol, a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inherent variation among immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines from different donors can be leveraged to discover novel genes that modulate cellular cholesterol metabolism. The objective of this study was to identify novel genes that regulate cholesterol metabolism by testing for evidence of correlated gene expression with cellular levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) mRNA, a marker for cellular cholesterol homeostasis, in a large panel of lymphoblastoid cell lines.
APPROACH AND RESULTS: Expression array profiling was performed on 480 lymphoblastoid cell lines established from participants of the Cholesterol and Pharmacogenetics (CAP) statin clinical trial, and transcripts were tested for evidence of correlated expression with HMGCR as a marker of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Of these, transmembrane protein 55b (TMEM55B) showed the strongest correlation (r=0.29; P=4.0E-08) of all genes not previously implicated in cholesterol metabolism and was found to be sterol regulated. TMEM55B knockdown in human hepatoma cell lines promoted the decay rate of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, reduced cell surface low-density lipoprotein receptor protein, impaired low-density lipoprotein uptake, and reduced intracellular cholesterol.
CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report identification of TMEM55B as a novel regulator of cellular cholesterol metabolism through the combination of gene expression profiling and functional studies. The findings highlight the value of an integrated genomic approach for identifying genes that influence cholesterol homeostasis.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3201 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Biological Transport (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Cholesterol (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Hep G2 Cells (mesh)Hepatocytes (mesh)Homeostasis (mesh)Humans (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases (mesh)Intracellular Fluid (mesh)Lipid Metabolism (mesh)Lymphocytes (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)ReceptorsLDL (mesh)Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (mesh)Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 (mesh)Lymphocytes (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Intracellular Fluid (mesh)Hepatocytes (mesh)Humans (mesh)Cholesterol (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases (mesh)ReceptorsLDL (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Biological Transport (mesh)Homeostasis (mesh)Lipid Metabolism (mesh)Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (mesh)Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 (mesh)Hep G2 Cells (mesh)cardiovascular diseasescholesterollow-density lipoprotein receptorhumanphosphatidylinositol 45-diphosphateBiological Transport (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Cholesterol (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Hep G2 Cells (mesh)Hepatocytes (mesh)Homeostasis (mesh)Humans (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases (mesh)Intracellular Fluid (mesh)Lipid Metabolism (mesh)Lymphocytes (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)ReceptorsLDL (mesh)Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (mesh)Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 (mesh)1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology (for)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)Cardiovascular System & Hematology (science-metrix)3201 Cardiovascular medicine and haematology (for-2020)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q31x5tginfo:doi/10.1161/atvbaha.113.302806articleArteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, vol 34, iss 91917 - 1923oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1zs6x68r2026-04-30T22:49:23Zqt1zs6x68rA common polymorphism in the LDL receptor gene has multiple effects on LDL receptor functionGao, FengIhn, Hansel EMedina, Marisa WKrauss, Ronald M2013-04-01A common synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 12 of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene, rs688, has been associated with increased plasma total and LDL cholesterol in several populations. Using immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines from a healthy study population, we confirmed an earlier report that the minor allele of rs688 is associated with increased exon 12 alternative splicing (P < 0.05) and showed that this triggered nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of the alternatively spliced LDLR mRNA. However, since synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms may influence structure and function of the encoded proteins by co-translational effects, we sought to test whether rs688 was also functional in the full-length mRNA. In HepG2 cells expressing LDLR cDNA constructs engineered to contain the major or minor allele of rs688, the latter was associated with a smaller amount of LDLR protein at the cell surface (-21.8 ± 0.6%, P = 0.012), a higher amount in the lysosome fraction (+25.7 ± 0.3%, P = 0.037) and reduced uptake of fluorescently labeled LDL (-24.3 ± 0.7%, P < 0.01). Moreover, in the presence of exogenous proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a protein that reduces cellular LDL uptake by promoting lysosomal degradation of LDLR, the minor allele resulted in reduced capacity of a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody to increase LDL uptake. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that rs688, which is located in the β-propeller region of LDLR, has effects on LDLR activity beyond its role in alternative splicing due to impairment of LDLR endosomal recycling and/or PCSK9 binding, processes in which the β-propeller is critically involved.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Atherosclerosis (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)5.2 Cellular and gene therapies (hrcs-rac)Alleles (mesh)Alternative Splicing (mesh)Exons (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Hep G2 Cells (mesh)Humans (mesh)LipoproteinsLDL (mesh)Lysosomes (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Proprotein Convertase 9 (mesh)Proprotein Convertases (mesh)Protein Isoforms (mesh)Protein Transport (mesh)RNA Stability (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)ReceptorsLDL (mesh)Serine Endopeptidases (mesh)Lysosomes (mesh)Humans (mesh)Serine Endopeptidases (mesh)Proprotein Convertases (mesh)LipoproteinsLDL (mesh)ReceptorsLDL (mesh)Protein Isoforms (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Alternative Splicing (mesh)RNA Stability (mesh)Protein Transport (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Alleles (mesh)Exons (mesh)Hep G2 Cells (mesh)Proprotein Convertase 9 (mesh)Alleles (mesh)Alternative Splicing (mesh)Exons (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Hep G2 Cells (mesh)Humans (mesh)LipoproteinsLDL (mesh)Lysosomes (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Proprotein Convertase 9 (mesh)Proprotein Convertases (mesh)Protein Isoforms (mesh)Protein Transport (mesh)RNA Stability (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)ReceptorsLDL (mesh)Serine Endopeptidases (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Genetics & Heredity (science-metrix)3105 Genetics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zs6x68rinfo:doi/10.1093/hmg/dds559articleHuman Molecular Genetics, vol 22, iss 71424 - 1431oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt95s9f9672026-04-30T22:49:19Zqt95s9f967Dicerium letterbox-shaped tetraphenolates: f-block complexes designed for two-electron chemistry.Arnold, PLWang, KGray, SJMoreau, LMBooth, CHCurcio, MWells, JALSlawin, AMZ2020-01-01Rare examples of molecular, dinuclear CeIII and PrIII complexes with robust Ln-coordination are accessible by use of the tetraphenolate pTP as a supporting, chelating O-donor ligand platform, pTP = [2-(OC6H2R2-2,4)2CH-C6H4-1,4]4- that favours the higher formal oxidation states accessible to rare earths. Two classes of complexes have been made from the platforms; one metallacyclic 2 + 2 [Ln2(pTP)2] framework with a rigid, letterbox-shaped geometry and [Ln(aryloxide)4] core, and one more flexible [(LnX)2(pTP)] with one rare earth ion at either end of the platform. The LnIII letterbox complexes have two K+ counter-cations, one of which sits inside the letterbox, binding the two central arenes of the platform sufficiently strongly that it cannot be displaced by solvent molecules (THF and pyridine) or crown ethers. Oxidation of the CeIII lettterboxes is facile and forms the unusual neutral molecular (CeIV)2 letterbox in which the CeIV reduction potential is -1.83 V vs. Fc/Fc+. The electronic structure of the Ce(iii/iv) complexes was investigated using HERFD-XAS (high energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy).3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)CSD-05-HEC-A (c-lbnl-label)0302 Inorganic Chemistry (for)0307 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for)0399 Other Chemical Sciences (for)Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry (science-metrix)3402 Inorganic chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/95s9f967https://escholarship.org/content/qt95s9f967/qt95s9f967.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/c9dt03291farticleDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003), vol 49, iss 3877 - 884oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3db712th2026-04-30T22:49:12Zqt3db712thMeta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of HDL cholesterol response to statinsPostmus, IrisWarren, Helen RTrompet, StellaArsenault, Benoit JAvery, Christy LBis, Joshua CChasman, Daniel Ide Keyser, Catherine EDeshmukh, Harshal AEvans, Daniel SFeng, QiPingLi, XiaohuiSmit, Roelof AJSmith, Albert VSun, FanguiTaylor, Kent DArnold, Alice MBarnes, Michael RBarratt, Bryan JBetteridge, JohnBoekholdt, S MatthijsBoerwinkle, EricBuckley, Brendan MChen, Y-D Idade Craen, Anton JMCummings, Steven RDenny, Joshua CDubé, Marie PierreDurrington, Paul NEiriksdottir, GudnyFord, IanGuo, XiuqingHarris, Tamara BHeckbert, Susan RHofman, AlbertHovingh, G KeesKastelein, John JPLauner, Leonore JLiu, Ching-TiLiu, YongmeiLumley, ThomasMcKeigue, Paul MMunroe, Patricia BNeil, AndrewNickerson, Deborah ANyberg, FredrikO'Brien, EoinO'Donnell, Christopher JPost, WendyPoulter, NeilVasan, Ramachandran SRice, KennethRich, Stephen SRivadeneira, FernandoSattar, NaveedSever, PeterShaw-Hawkins, SueShields, Denis CSlagboom, P ElineSmith, Nicholas LSmith, Joshua DSotoodehnia, NonaStanton, AliceStott, David JStricker, Bruno HStürmer, TilUitterlinden, André GWei, Wei-QiWestendorp, Rudi GJWhitsel, Eric AWiggins, Kerri LWilke, Russell ABallantyne, Christie MColhoun, Helen MCupples, L AdrienneFranco, Oscar HGudnason, VilmundurHitman, GrahamPalmer, Colin NAPsaty, Bruce MRidker, Paul MStafford, Jeanette MStein, Charles MTardif, Jean-ClaudeCaulfield, Mark JJukema, J WouterRotter, Jerome IKrauss, Ronald M2016-12-01BACKGROUND: In addition to lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), statin therapy also raises high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Inter-individual variation in HDL-C response to statins may be partially explained by genetic variation.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify variants with an effect on statin-induced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) changes. The 123 most promising signals with p<1×10-4 from the 16 769 statin-treated participants in the first analysis stage were followed up in an independent group of 10 951 statin-treated individuals, providing a total sample size of 27 720 individuals. The only associations of genome-wide significance (p<5×10-8) were between minor alleles at the CETP locus and greater HDL-C response to statin treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on results from this study that included a relatively large sample size, we suggest that CETP may be the only detectable locus with common genetic variants that influence HDL-C response to statins substantially in individuals of European descent. Although CETP is known to be associated with HDL-C, we provide evidence that this pharmacogenetic effect is independent of its association with baseline HDL-C levels.3214 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Atherosclerosis (rcdc)Stroke (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)Female (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Humans (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (mesh)Male (mesh)Pharmacogenomic Variants (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Treatment Outcome (mesh)White People (mesh)Humans (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (mesh)Treatment Outcome (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Pharmacogenomic Variants (mesh)White People (mesh)Genome-wide association studyHDL-cholesterolStatinspharmacogeneticsCholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)Female (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Humans (mesh)Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (mesh)Male (mesh)Pharmacogenomic Variants (mesh)PolymorphismSingle Nucleotide (mesh)Treatment Outcome (mesh)White People (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Genetics & Heredity (science-metrix)3105 Genetics (for-2020)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3db712thhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3db712th/qt3db712th.pdfinfo:doi/10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103966articleJournal of Medical Genetics, vol 53, iss 12835oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3g38z2732026-04-30T22:49:07Zqt3g38z273Disulfide Linkage and Structure of Highly Stable Yeast-derived Virus-like Particles of Murine Polyomavirus*Simon, ClaudiaKlose, ThomasHerbst, SabineHan, Bong GyoonSinz, AndreaGlaeser, Robert MStubbs, Milton TLilie, Hauke2014-04-01VP1 is the major coat protein of murine polyomavirus and forms virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro. VLPs consist of 72 pentameric VP1 subunits held together by a terminal clamp structure that is further stabilized by disulfide bonds and chelation of calcium ions. Yeast-derived VLPs (yVLPs) assemble intracellularly in vivo during recombinant protein production. These in vivo assembled yVLPs differ in several properties from VLPs assembled in vitro from bacterially produced pentamers. We found several intermolecular disulfide linkages in yVLPs involving 5 of the 6 cysteines of VP1 (Cys(115)-Cys(20), Cys(12)-Cys(20), Cys(16)-Cys(16), Cys(12)/ Cys(16)-Cys(115), and Cys(274)-Cys(274)), indicating a highly coordinated disulfide network within the in vivo assembled particles involving the N-terminal region of VP1. Cryoelectron microscopy revealed structured termini not resolved in the published crystal structure of the bacterially expressed VLP that appear to clamp the pentameric subunits together. These structural features are probably the reason for the observed higher stability of in vivo assembled yVLPs compared with in vitro assembled bacterially expressed VLPs as monitored by increased thermal stability, higher resistance to trypsin cleavage, and a higher activation enthalpy of the disassembly reaction. This high stability is decreased following disassembly of yVLPs and subsequent in vitro reassembly, suggesting a role for cellular components in optimal assembly.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Amino Acid Sequence (mesh)Capsid (mesh)Capsid Proteins (mesh)Cross-Linking Reagents (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Cysteine (mesh)Disulfides (mesh)Hot Temperature (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Kluyveromyces (mesh)Molecular Sequence Data (mesh)Peptides (mesh)Polyomavirus (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein StructureTertiary (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)RibonucleasePancreatic (mesh)Trypsin (mesh)Ultracentrifugation (mesh)Virion (mesh)Virus Assembly (mesh)Protein Self-assemblyProtein StabilityViral ProteinVirus AssemblyYeastPolyomavirus (mesh)Virion (mesh)Capsid (mesh)Kluyveromyces (mesh)Disulfides (mesh)Cysteine (mesh)RibonucleasePancreatic (mesh)Trypsin (mesh)Peptides (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Capsid Proteins (mesh)Cross-Linking Reagents (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Ultracentrifugation (mesh)Virus Assembly (mesh)Amino Acid Sequence (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein StructureTertiary (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Molecular Sequence Data (mesh)Hot Temperature (mesh)Protein Self-assemblyProtein StabilityViral ProteinVirus AssemblyYeastAmino Acid Sequence (mesh)Capsid (mesh)Capsid Proteins (mesh)Cross-Linking Reagents (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Cysteine (mesh)Disulfides (mesh)Hot Temperature (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Kluyveromyces (mesh)Molecular Sequence Data (mesh)Peptides (mesh)Polyomavirus (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein StructureTertiary (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)RibonucleasePancreatic (mesh)Trypsin (mesh)Ultracentrifugation (mesh)Virion (mesh)Virus Assembly (mesh)PolyomavirusVirionCapsidKluyveromycesDisulfidesCysteineRibonucleasePancreaticTrypsinPeptidesRecombinant ProteinsCapsid ProteinsCross-Linking ReagentsCryoelectron MicroscopyUltracentrifugationVirus AssemblyAmino Acid SequenceProtein ConformationProtein StructureTertiaryKineticsMolecular Sequence DataHot Temperature03 Chemical Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g38z273https://escholarship.org/content/qt3g38z273/qt3g38z273.pdfinfo:doi/10.1074/jbc.m113.484162articleJournal of Biological Chemistry, vol 289, iss 1510411 - 10418oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt25j7v2mx2026-04-30T22:48:58Zqt25j7v2mxDiscovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levelsWiller, Cristen JSchmidt, Ellen MSengupta, SebantiPeloso, Gina MGustafsson, StefanKanoni, StavroulaGanna, AndreaChen, JinBuchkovich, Martin LMora, SamiaBeckmann, Jacques SBragg-Gresham, Jennifer LChang, Hsing-YiDemirkan, AyşeHertog, Heleen M DenDo, RonDonnelly, Louise AEhret, Georg BEsko, TõnuFeitosa, Mary FFerreira, TeresaFischer, KristaFontanillas, PierreFraser, Ross MFreitag, Daniel FGurdasani, DeeptiHeikkilä, KaukoHyppönen, ElinaIsaacs, AaronJackson, Anne UJohansson, ÅsaJohnson, TobyKaakinen, MarikaKettunen, JohannesKleber, Marcus ELi, XiaohuiLuan, Jian'anLyytikäinen, Leo-PekkaMagnusson, Patrik KEMangino, MassimoMihailov, EvelinMontasser, May EMüller-Nurasyid, MartinaNolte, Ilja MO'Connell, Jeffrey RPalmer, Cameron DPerola, MarkusPetersen, Ann-KristinSanna, SerenaSaxena, RichaService, Susan KShah, SoniaShungin, DmitrySidore, CarloSong, CiStrawbridge, Rona JSurakka, IdaTanaka, ToshikoTeslovich, Tanya MThorleifsson, GudmarVan den Herik, Evita GVoight, Benjamin FVolcik, Kelly AWaite, Lindsay LWong, AndrewWu, YingZhang, WeihuaAbsher, DevinAsiki, GershimBarroso, InêsBeen, Latonya FBolton, Jennifer LBonnycastle, Lori LBrambilla, PaoloBurnett, Mary SCesana, GiancarloDimitriou, MariaDoney, Alex SFDöring, AngelaElliott, PaulEpstein, Stephen EEyjolfsson, Gudmundur IngiGigante, BrunaGoodarzi, Mark OGrallert, HaraldGravito, Martha LGroves, Christopher JHallmans, GöranHartikainen, Anna-LiisaHayward, CarolineHernandez, DenaHicks, Andrew AHolm, HilmaHung, Yi-JenIllig, ThomasJones, Michelle RKaleebu, PontianoKastelein, John JPKhaw, Kay-TeeKim, Eric2013-11-01Cristen Willer and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses for blood lipid levels in 188,578 individuals. They identify 62 loci newly associated with blood lipid levels, refine the association signals at 12 loci and examine associations with cardiovascular and metabolic traits.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)Asian People (mesh)Black People (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)CholesterolLDL (mesh)Coronary Artery Disease (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Humans (mesh)Lipids (mesh)Triglycerides (mesh)White People (mesh)Global Lipids Genetics ConsortiumHumans (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Lipids (mesh)Triglycerides (mesh)Genotype (mesh)CholesterolLDL (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)Coronary Artery Disease (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Asian People (mesh)White People (mesh)Black People (mesh)Asian People (mesh)Black People (mesh)CholesterolHDL (mesh)CholesterolLDL (mesh)Coronary Artery Disease (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Genotype (mesh)Humans (mesh)Lipids (mesh)Triglycerides (mesh)White People (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and computational biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/25j7v2mxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt25j7v2mx/qt25j7v2mx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/ng.2797articleNature Genetics, vol 45, iss 111274 - 1283oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1bt6p9032026-04-30T22:48:51Zqt1bt6p903Epidemiology of Aspergillosis Diagnoses in US Adults Using a National EHR Database, 2013–2023Bustamante, Brittany L MorganMartinez, Elijah GLee, AidanKane, Natalie JCamponuri, Simon KReynolds, Rose MSnow, Theo TBartels, Juliana GEHoffman, MarkWhite, Theodore CRemais, Justin V2026-03-03Background: Aspergillosis is a fungal infection associated with rising hospitalizations and substantial morbidity and mortality. In the United States, data remain fragmented due to the absence of centralized surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate demographic, geographic, and temporal trends in aspergillosis diagnoses across the United States and evaluate changes in those patterns following the emergence of COVID-19.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from 142 US healthcare systems (Oracle Health), including adults aged ≥18 years who received care between 2013 and 2023. The cohort included over 76 million patients and 127 million person-years. Aspergillosis prevalence was calculated using post-stratification weights. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated via quasi-Poisson and Bayesian spatiotemporal regression. COVID-19-related shifts were evaluated using estimated marginal means.
Results: From 2013 to 2023, aspergillosis prevalence increased by 5% annually, peaking in 2022. Rhode Island had the highest state-level aPR; Utah the lowest. Diagnosis was higher among males (aPR 1.37), older adults (≥65 years vs 18-24 years: aPR 4.95), and urban residents (rural aPR 0.86). Following the emergence of COVID-19, prevalence increased disproportionately among Hispanic or Latino patients and several racial minority groups. A nonsignificant upward trend was also observed among rural residents.
Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive national assessment of aspergillosis diagnosis patterns in the United States, revealing rising prevalence and shifts in affected populations following the emergence of COVID-19. These findings may aid earlier clinical recognition, especially among groups not traditionally considered high-risk, and support efforts to expand diagnostic access and improve fungal disease surveillance.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Coronaviruses (rcdc)Minority Health (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Biodefense (rcdc)Coronaviruses Disparities and At-Risk Populations (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Rural Health (rcdc)2.4 Surveillance and distribution (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)aspergillosisCOVID-19 impactselectronic health records (EHR)fungal diseasereal-world dataCOVID-19 impactsaspergillosiselectronic health records (EHR)fungal diseasereal-world data3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bt6p903info:doi/10.1093/ofid/ofag094articleOpen Forum Infectious Diseases, vol 13, iss 3ofag094oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7tr540dv2026-04-30T22:48:47Zqt7tr540dvTemperature measurement of Quark-Gluon plasma at different stagesAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlshammri, AKAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBao, XBarish, KBehera, SBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, YSChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CFu, TGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHamilton, RJHan, XHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, Y2025-01-01In a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), the fundamental building blocks of matter, quarks and gluons, are under extreme conditions of temperature and density. A QGP could exist in the early stages of the Universe, and in various objects and events in the cosmos. The thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of the QGP are described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and can be studied in heavy-ion collisions. Despite being a key thermodynamic parameter, the QGP temperature is still poorly known. Thermal lepton pairs (e+e− and μ+μ−) are ideal penetrating probes of the true temperature of the emitting source, since their invariant-mass spectra suffer neither from strong final-state interactions nor from blue-shift effects due to rapid expansion. Here we measure the QGP temperature using thermal e+e− production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The average temperature from the low-mass region (in-medium ρ0 vector-meson dominant) is (2.01 ± 0.23) × 1012 K, consistent with the chemical freeze-out temperature from statistical models and the phase transition temperature from Lattice QCD. The average temperature from the intermediate mass region (above the ρ0 mass, QGP dominant) is significantly higher at (3.25 ± 0.60) × 1012 K. This work provides essential experimental thermodynamic measurements to map out the QCD phase diagram and understand the properties of matter under extreme conditions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR Collaborationapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tr540dvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7tr540dv/qt7tr540dv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-025-63216-5articleNature Communications, vol 16, iss 19098oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2731723g2026-04-30T22:48:44Zqt2731723gFrom Cybernetics to Immersivity: Reframing Sound Space in Electroacoustic and Audiovisual CompositionChagas, Paulo C.Petković Lozo, Ivana2025-11-03This article examines the evolution of sound space in elec- troacoustic music from a theoretical and compositional perspective, with a focus on key works by Paulo C. Chagas. It transitions from early paradigms of musique concrète and elektronische Musik to immersive and telematic environments, articulating sound space as a relational, cognitive-affective field shaped by technologies, listening practices, and socio-political conditions. Drawing on theories of acoustemology, cyber- netics, affect, and embodied cognition, the discussion encompasses the cybernetic spatial models of Migration and Projektion, the immersive ambisonic environment of Pune Metamorphosis, and the telematic field-work of Sound Imaginations. Electroacoustic sound space is not confined to technical or aesthetic dimensions; it constitutes a cognitive-affective and socio-political field in which composition unfolds as a mode of know- ing, a practice of critique, and a poetics of presence.Electroacoustic MusicSound SpaceAcoustemologyAmbisonicsCyberneticsImmersionTelematic CompositionPaulo C. Chagas.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2731723ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2731723g/qt2731723g.pdfinfo:doi/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17488837articleProc. of the 17th International Symposium on CMMR, London, UK, Nov. 3-7, 202391 - 408oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5pw6271m2026-04-30T22:48:42Zqt5pw6271mMeasurements of ϒ states production in p+p collisions at s=500 GeV with STAR: Cross sections, ratios, and multiplicity dependenceAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlshammri, AKAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBao, XBarish, KBehera, SBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CFu, TGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHamilton, RJHan, XHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2025-08-01We report measurements of , and production in collisions at by the STAR experiment in year 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity . The results provide precise cross sections, transverse momentum ( ) and rapidity ( ) spectra, as well as cross section ratios for and . The dependence of the yield on charged particle multiplicity has also been measured, offering new insights into the mechanisms of quarkonium production. The data are compared to various theoretical models: the color evaporation model (CEM) accurately describes the production, while the color glass quantum chromodynamics ( ) model overestimates the data, particularly at low . Conversely, the color singlet model (CSM) underestimates the rapidity dependence. These discrepancies highlight the need for further development in understanding the production dynamics of heavy quarkonia in high-energy hadronic collisions. The trend in the multiplicity dependence is consistent with CGC/saturation and string percolation models or production happening in multiple parton interactions modeled by 8.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pw6271mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5pw6271m/qt5pw6271m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/bsyx-qtjparticlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 3032004oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt94j364782026-04-30T22:48:32Zqt94j36478Precision measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for dijet production at intermediate pseudorapidity in polarized pp collisions at s=200 GeVAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBao, XBarish, KBehera, SBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CFu, TGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGupta, AHamed, AHan, XHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YHumanic, TJ2025-07-01The STAR Collaboration reports precise measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, , for dijet production with at least one jet at intermediate pseudorapidity in polarized proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. This study explores partons scattered with a longitudinal momentum fraction ( ) from 0.01 to 0.5, which are predominantly characterized by interactions between high- valence quarks and low- gluons. The results are in good agreement with previous measurements at 200 GeV with improved precision and are found to be consistent with the predictions of global analyses that find the gluon polarization to be positive. In contrast, the negative gluon polarization solution from the JAM Collaboration is found to be strongly disfavored.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/94j36478https://escholarship.org/content/qt94j36478/qt94j36478.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/r5jw-lwhgarticlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 1012003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt34k943302026-04-30T22:48:22Zqt34k94330Light nuclei femtoscopy and baryon interactions in 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHICAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBao, XBarish, KBehera, SBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CFu, TGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGupta, AHamed, AHan, XHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YHumanic, TJ2025-05-01We report the measurements of proton-deuteron (p-d) and deuteron-deuteron (d-d) correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeV using fixed-target mode with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). For the first time, the source size ( R G ), scattering length ( f 0 ), and effective range ( d 0 ) are extracted from the measured correlation functions with a simultaneous fit. The spin-averaged f 0 for p-d and d-d interactions are determined to be -5.28 ± 0.11(stat.) ± 0.82(syst.) fm and -2.62 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.24(syst.) fm, respectively. The measured p-d interaction is consistent with theoretical calculations and low-energy scattering experiment results, demonstrating the feasibility of extracting interaction parameters using the femtoscopy technique. The reasonable agreement between the experimental data and the calculations from the transport model indicates that deuteron production in these collisions is primarily governed by nucleon coalescence.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/34k94330https://escholarship.org/content/qt34k94330/qt34k94330.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139412articlePhysics Letters B, vol 864139412oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3tx8c2gz2026-04-30T22:48:14Zqt3tx8c2gzElectric-charge-dependent directed flow splitting of produced quarks in Au+Au collisionsAboona, BEAdam, JAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbaev, AAlekseev, IAlpatov, EAparin, AAslam, SAtchison, JAverichev, GSBairathi, VBao, XBarish, KBehera, SBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJDale-Gau, GDas, ADedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CFu, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGupta, AHamed, AHan, XHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XHHe, YHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YHumanic, TJIsshiki, MJacobs, WWJalotra, A2025-03-01We report directed flow ( v 1 ) of multistrange baryons (Ξ and Ω) and improved v 1 data for K − , p ¯ , Λ ¯ and ϕ in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 27 and 200 GeV from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We focus on particles whose constituent quarks are not transported from the incoming nuclei but instead are produced in the collisions. At intermediate impact parameters, we examine quark coalescence behavior for particle combinations with identical quark content, and search for any departure from this behavior (“splitting”) for combinations having non-identical quark content. Under the assumption of quark coalescence for produced quarks, the splitting strength appears to increase with the electric charge difference of the constituent quarks in the combinations, consistent with electromagnetic effect expectations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Directed flowElectric chargeStrangenessHeavy-ion collisionsElectromagnetic field0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tx8c2gzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3tx8c2gz/qt3tx8c2gz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139245articlePhysics Letters B, vol 862139245oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8sj0f4n92026-04-30T22:48:07Zqt8sj0f4n9Energy dependence of polarized γγ→e+e− in peripheral Au+Au collisions at sNN=54.4 and 200 GeV with the STAR experiment at RHICAbdulhamid, MIAboona, BEAdam, JAdams, JRAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbaev, AAlekseev, IAlpatov, EAparin, AAslam, SAtchison, JAverichev, GSBairathi, VBall, JGBarish, KBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJDale-Gau, GDas, ADedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADeshpande, ADhamija, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AHamed, AHan, YHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, WHe, XHHe, YHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YHumanic, TJIsshiki, MJacobs, WWJalotra, AJena, C2025-01-01We report the differential yields at mid-rapidity of the Breit-Wheeler process (γγ→e+e−) in peripheral Au+Au collisions at sNN=54.4 and 200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), as a function of energy sNN, e+e− transverse momentum pT, pT2, invariant mass Mee, and azimuthal angle. In the invariant mass range of 0.45106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sj0f4n9https://escholarship.org/content/qt8sj0f4n9/qt8sj0f4n9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.111.014909articlePhysical Review C, vol 111, iss 1014909oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1vg1s36c2026-04-30T22:48:00Zqt1vg1s36cLocal Electric Field Effects on Water Dissociation in Bipolar Membranes Studied Using Core–Shell CatalystsSarma, Prasad VKramar, Boris VChen, LihaokunSasmal, SayantanWeingartz, Nicholas PHuang, JiaweiMitchell, James BKwak, MinkyoungChen, Lin XBoettcher, Shannon W2024-12-24The local electric field strength is thought to affect the rate of water dissociation (WD) in bipolar membranes (BPMs) at the catalyst–nanoparticle surfaces. Here, we study core–shell nanoparticles, where the core is metallic, semiconducting, or insulating, to understand this effect. The nanoparticle cores were coated with a WD catalyst layer (TiO2 or HfO2) via atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the morphology was imaged with transmission electron microscopy. Irrespective of the core material, these core–shell catalysts displayed comparable WD overpotentials at optimal mass loading, despite the hypothesized differences in the electric field strength across the catalyst particle suggested by continuum electrostatic simulations. Substantial atomic interdiffusion between the core and shell was ruled out by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance optical measurements. However, the optimal mass loading of catalyst was roughly 1 order of magnitude higher for the conductive and high dielectric core materials than for the low dielectric insulating cores. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that electric field screening within the core material focuses the electric field drop between particles such that larger film thicknesses can be tolerated. Collectively, these data support the idea that it is the local electric field at the molecular level that controls proton-transfer rates and that the metal core/dielectric-shell constructs introduced here modulate that field. Further materials and synthetic design may enable optimization of the electric field strength across the proton-transfer trajectory at the material surface.3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Materials (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vg1s36chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1vg1s36c/qt1vg1s36c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02190articleChemistry of Materials, vol 36, iss 2411863 - 11872oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt21n498cn2026-04-30T22:47:56Zqt21n498cnProduction of protons and light nuclei in Au+Au collisions at sNN=3 GeV with the STAR detectorAbdulhamid, MIAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBall, JGBarish, KBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDeshpande, ADhamija, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHe, WHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YHumanic, TJIsshiki, M2024-11-01We report the systematic measurement of protons and light nuclei production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=3GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum (pT) spectra of protons (p), deuterons (d), tritons (t), He3, and He4 have been measured from midrapidity to target rapidity for different collision centralities. We present the rapidity and centrality dependence of particle yields (dN/dy), average transverse momentum (〈pT〉), yield ratios (d/p, t/p,He3/p, He4/p), as well as the coalescence parameters (B2, B3). The 4π yields for various particles are determined by utilizing the measured rapidity distributions, dN/dy. Furthermore, we present the energy, centrality, and rapidity dependence of the compound yield ratios (Np×Nt/Nd2) and compare them with various model calculations. The physics implications of these results on the production mechanism of light nuclei and the QCD phase structure are discussed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/21n498cnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt21n498cn/qt21n498cn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.110.054911articlePhysical Review C, vol 110, iss 5054911oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5jq6z7j52026-04-30T22:47:45Zqt5jq6z7j5Correlations of event activity with hard and soft processes in p+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV at the RHIC STAR experimentAbdulhamid, MIAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBall, JGBarish, KBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDhamija, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHe, WHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YHumanic, TJIsshiki, MJacobs, WWJalotra, A2024-10-01With the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, we characterize sNN=200GeV p+Au collisions by event activity (EA) measured within the pseudorapidity range η∈[−5,−3.4] in the Au-going direction and report correlations between this EA and hard- and soft-scale particle production at midrapidity (η∈[−1,1]). At the soft scale, charged particle production in low-EA p+Au collisions is comparable to that in p+p collisions and increases monotonically with increasing EA. At the hard scale, we report measurements of high transverse momentum (pT) jets in events of different EAs. In contrast with the soft particle production, high-pT particle production and EA are found to be inversely related. To investigate whether this is a signal of jet quenching in high-EA events, we also report ratios of pT imbalance and azimuthal separation of dijets in high- and low-EA events. Within our measurement precision, no significant differences are observed, disfavoring the presence of jet quenching in the highest 30% EA p+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jq6z7j5https://escholarship.org/content/qt5jq6z7j5/qt5jq6z7j5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.110.044908articlePhysical Review C, vol 110, iss 4044908oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qv0t9sq2026-04-30T22:47:37Zqt7qv0t9sqMeasurements of charged-particle multiplicity dependence of higher-order net-proton cumulants in p + p collisions at s = 200 GeV from STAR at RHICCollaboration, STARAbdulhamid, MIAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBall, JGBarish, KBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDhamija, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHe, WHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, YHuang, YHumanic, TJIsshiki, MJacobs, WW2024-10-01We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from s = 200 GeV p + p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios C 4 / C 2 , C 5 / C 1 , and C 6 / C 2 decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations account for the observed multiplicity dependence. In addition, the ratios C 5 / C 1 and C 6 / C 2 approach negative values in the highest-multiplicity events, which implies that thermalized QCD matter may be formed in p + p collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)QCD phase diagramCrossoverEvent-by-event fluctuationHigher-order cumulant0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qv0t9sqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7qv0t9sq/qt7qv0t9sq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.138966articlePhysics Letters B, vol 857138966oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1xj6b0n52026-04-30T22:47:23Zqt1xj6b0n5K*0 production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV from the RHIC beam energy scanAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAnderson, DMAschenauer, ECAtchison, JBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDaugherity, MDeppner, IMDhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison, HHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2023-03-01We report the measurement of K*0 meson at midrapidity (|y|< 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV collected by the STAR experiment during the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) beam energy scan program. The transverse momentum spectra, yield, and average transverse momentum of K*0 are presented as functions of collision centrality and beam energy. The K*0/K yield ratios are presented for different collision centrality intervals and beam energies. The K*0/K ratio in heavy-ion collisions are observed to be smaller than that in small-system collisions (e+e and p+p). The K*0/K ratio follows a similar centrality dependence to that observed in previous RHIC and Large Hadron Collider measurements. The data favor the scenario of the dominance of hadronic rescattering over regeneration for K*0 production in the hadronic phase of the medium.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xj6b0n5https://escholarship.org/content/qt1xj6b0n5/qt1xj6b0n5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.107.034907articlePhysical Review C, vol 107, iss 3034907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2g6681632026-04-30T22:47:17Zqt2g668163Measurement of H Λ 4 and He Λ 4 binding energy in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeVCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAnderson, DMAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtchison, JBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDeppner, IMDhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison, HHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZ2022-11-01Measurements of mass and Λ binding energy of Λ 4 H and Λ 4 He in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeV are presented, with an aim to address the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) problem in hypernuclei systems with atomic number A = 4. The Λ binding energies are measured to be 2.22 ± 0.06 (stat.)±0.14(syst.) MeV and 2.38 ± 0.13 (stat.)±0.12(syst.) MeV for Λ 4 H and Λ 4 He, respectively. The measured Λ binding-energy difference is 0.16 ± 0.14 ( stat . ) ± 0.10 ( syst . ) MeV for ground states. Combined with the γ-ray transition energies, the binding-energy difference for excited states is − 0.16 ± 0.14 ( stat . ) ± 0.10 ( syst . ) MeV, which is negative and comparable to the value of the ground states within uncertainties. These new measurements on the Λ binding-energy difference in A = 4 hypernuclei systems are consistent with the theoretical calculations that result in Δ B Λ 4 ( 1 exc + ) ≈ − Δ B Λ 4 ( 0 g.s. + ) < 0 and present a new method for the study of CSB effect using relativistic heavy-ion collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g668163https://escholarship.org/content/qt2g668163/qt2g668163.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137449articlePhysics Letters B, vol 834137449oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9cz200wr2026-04-30T22:47:07Zqt9cz200wrCentrality and transverse-momentum dependence of higher-order flow harmonics of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAitbaev, AAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFeng, CJFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison, HHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, Y2022-06-01We present high-precision measurements of elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flow v2, v3, and v4, respectively, at midrapidity for identified hadrons π, p, K, φ, Ks, Λ as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at the center-of-mass energy sNN=200 GeV. We observe similar vn trends between light and strange mesons which indicates that the heavier strange quarks flow as strongly as the lighter up and down quarks. The number-of-constituent-quark scaling for v2, v3, and v4 is found to hold within statistical uncertainty for 0–10%, 10–40%, and 40–80% collision centrality intervals. The results are compared to several viscous hydrodynamic calculations with varying initial conditions, and could serve as an additional constraint to the development of hydrodynamic models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cz200wrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9cz200wr/qt9cz200wr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.105.064911articlePhysical Review C, vol 105, iss 6064911oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6r49p1q72026-04-30T22:46:59Zqt6r49p1q7Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized proton collisions at s=510 GeVAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, A2022-05-01We report measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized proton-proton collisions at midrapidity and center-of-mass energy s=510 GeV, using the high luminosity data sample collected by the STAR experiment in 2013. These measurements complement and improve the precision of previous STAR measurements at the same center-of-mass energy that probe the polarized gluon distribution function at partonic momentum fraction 0.015≲x≲0.25. The dijet asymmetries are separated into four jet-pair topologies, which provide further constraints on the x dependence of the polarized gluon distribution function. These measurements are in agreement with previous STAR measurements and with predictions from current next-to-leading-order global analyses. They provide more precise data at low dijet invariant mass that will better constrain the shape of the polarized gluon distribution function of the proton.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r49p1q7https://escholarship.org/content/qt6r49p1q7/qt6r49p1q7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.105.092011articlePhysical Review D, vol 105, iss 9092011oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4qc2j1cq2026-04-30T22:46:53Zqt4qc2j1cqProbing strangeness canonical ensemble with K −, ϕ(1020) and Ξ− production in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeVCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, W2022-08-01We report the first multi-differential measurements of strange hadrons of K − , ϕ and Ξ − yields as well as the ratios of ϕ / K − and ϕ / Ξ − in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 3 GeV with the STAR experiment fixed target configuration at RHIC. The ϕ mesons and Ξ − hyperons are measured through hadronic decay channels, ϕ → K + K − and Ξ − → Λ π − . Collision centrality and rapidity dependence of the transverse momentum spectra for these strange hadrons are presented. The 4π yields and ratios are compared to thermal model and hadronic transport model predictions. At this collision energy, thermal model with grand canonical ensemble (GCE) under-predicts the ϕ / K − and ϕ / Ξ − ratios while the result of canonical ensemble (CE) calculations reproduce ϕ / K − , with the correlation length r c ∼ 2.7 fm, and ϕ / Ξ − , r c ∼ 4.2 fm, for the 0-10% central collisions. Hadronic transport models including high mass resonance decays could also describe the ratios. While thermal calculations with GCE work well for strangeness production in high energy collisions, the change to CE at 3 GeV implies a rather different medium property at high baryon density.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qc2j1cqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4qc2j1cq/qt4qc2j1cq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137152articlePhysics Letters B, vol 831137152oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt61g558fc2026-04-30T22:43:55Zqt61g558fcMeasurement of cold nuclear matter effects for inclusive J/ψ in p+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeVCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AI2022-02-01Measurement by the STAR experiment at RHIC of the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects experienced by inclusive J / ψ at mid-rapidity in 0-100% p+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV is presented. Such effects are quantified utilizing the nuclear modification factor, R p Au , obtained by taking a ratio of J / ψ yield in p+Au collisions to that in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The differential J / ψ yield in both p+p and p+Au collisions is measured through the dimuon decay channel, taking advantage of the trigger capability provided by the Muon Telescope Detector in the RHIC 2015 run. Consequently, the J / ψ R p Au is derived within the transverse momentum ( p T ) range of 0 to 10 GeV/c. A suppression of approximately 30% is observed for p T < 2 GeV/c, while J / ψ R p Au becomes compatible with unity for p T greater than 3 GeV/c, indicating the J / ψ yield is minimally affected by the CNM effects at high p T . Comparison to a similar measurement from 0-20% central Au+Au collisions reveals that the observed strong J / ψ suppression above 3 GeV/c is mostly due to the hot medium effects, providing strong evidence for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in these collisions. Several model calculations show qualitative agreement with the measured J / ψ R p Au , while their agreement with the J / ψ yields in p+p and p+Au collisions is worse.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)RHICCold nuclear matter effectsJ/psi suppression0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/61g558fchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt61g558fc/qt61g558fc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136865articlePhysics Letters B, vol 825136865oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4rb5889p2026-04-30T22:43:49Zqt4rb5889pHigh-power non-perturbative laser delivery diagnostics at the final focus of 100-TW-class laser pulsesIsono, Fumikavan Tilborg, JeroenBarber, Samuel KNatal, JosephBerger, CurtisTsai, Hai-EnOstermayr, TobiasGonsalves, AnthonyGeddes, CameronEsarey, Eric2021-01-01Abstract
Controlling the delivery of multi-terawatt and petawatt laser pulses to final focus, both in position and angle, is critical to many laser applications such as optical guiding, laser–plasma acceleration, and laser-produced secondary radiation. We present an online, non-destructive laser diagnostic, capable of measuring the transverse position and pointing angle at focus. The diagnostic is based on a unique double-surface-coated wedged-mirror design for the final steering optic in the laser line, producing a witness beam highly correlated with the main beam. By propagating low-power kilohertz pulses to focus, we observed spectra of focus position and pointing angle fluctuations dominated by frequencies below 70 Hz. The setup was also used to characterize the excellent position and pointing angle correlation of the 1 Hz high-power laser pulses to this low-power kilohertz pulse train, opening a promising path to fast non-perturbative feedback concepts even on few-hertz-class high-power laser systems.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)high-power laserslaser diagnosticslaser stabilizationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rb5889phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4rb5889p/qt4rb5889p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1017/hpl.2021.12articleHigh Power Laser Science and Engineering, vol 9e25oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rj3d4jk2026-04-30T22:43:39Zqt5rj3d4jkLongitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized proton collisions at s=200 GeVAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, S2021-05-01We report high-precision measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for midrapidity inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV. The new inclusive jet data are sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, Δg(x,Q2), for gluon momentum fractions in the range from x≃0.05 to x≃0.5, while the new dijet data provide further constraints on the x dependence of Δg(x,Q2). The results are in good agreement with previous measurements at s=200 GeV and with recent theoretical evaluations of prior world data. Our new results have better precision and thus strengthen the evidence that Δg(x,Q2) is positive for x>0.05.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rj3d4jkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5rj3d4jk/qt5rj3d4jk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.l091103articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 9l091103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt68g1b51r2026-04-30T22:43:32Zqt68g1b51rMeasurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries of π0 and electromagnetic jets at forward rapidity in 200 and 500 GeV transversely polarized proton-proton collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, L2021-05-01The STAR Collaboration reports measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetry (TSSA) of inclusive π0 at center-of-mass energies (s) of 200 GeV and 500 GeV in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions in the pseudo-rapidity region 2.7 to 4.0. The results at the two different energies show a continuous increase of the TSSA with Feynman-x, and, when compared to previous measurements, no dependence on s from 19.4 GeV to 500 GeV is found. To investigate the underlying physics leading to this large TSSA, different topologies have been studied. π0 with no nearby particles tend to have a higher TSSA than inclusive π0. The TSSA for inclusive electromagnetic jets, sensitive to the Sivers effect in the initial state, is substantially smaller, but shows the same behavior as the inclusive π0 asymmetry as a function of Feynman-x. To investigate final-state effects, the Collins asymmetry of π0 inside electromagnetic jets has been measured. The Collins asymmetry is analyzed for its dependence on the π0 momentum transverse to the jet thrust axis and its dependence on the fraction of jet energy carried by the π0. The asymmetry was found to be small in each case for both center-of-mass energies. All the measurements are compared to QCD-based theoretical calculations for transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions. Some discrepancies are found, which indicates new mechanisms might be involved.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68g1b51rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt68g1b51r/qt68g1b51r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.092009articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 9092009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt56c464bc2026-04-30T22:43:26Zqt56c464bcOutdoor Residential Water Use Restrictions during Recent Drought Suppressed Disease Vector Abundance in Southern CaliforniaBhattachan, AbinashSkaff, Nicholas KIrish, Amanda MVimal, SolomonRemais, Justin VLettenmaier, Dennis P2021-01-05The California state government put restrictions on outdoor residential water use, including landscape irrigation, during the 2012-2016 drought. The public health implications of these actions are largely unknown, particularly with respect to mosquito-borne disease transmission. While residential irrigation facilitates persistence of mosquitoes by increasing the availability of standing water, few studies have investigated its effects on vector abundance. In two study sub-regions in the Los Angeles Basin, we examined the effect of outdoor residential water use restrictions on the abundance of the most important regional West Nile virus vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Using spatiotemporal random forest models fit to Cx. abundance during drought and non-drought years, we generated counterfactual estimates of Cx. abundance under a hypothetical drought scenario without water use restrictions. We estimate that Cx. abundance would have been 44% and 39% larger in West Los Angeles and Orange counties, respectively, if outdoor water usage had remained unchanged. Our results suggest that drought, without mandatory water use restrictions, may counterintuitively increase the availability of larval habitats for vectors in naturally dry, highly irrigated settings and such mandatory water use restrictions may constrain Cx. abundance, which could reduce the risk of mosquito-borne disease while helping urban utilities maintain adequate water supplies.38 Economics (for-2020)3801 Applied Economics (for-2020)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Vector-Borne Diseases (rcdc)West Nile Virus (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Animals (mesh)California (mesh)Culex (mesh)Disease Vectors (mesh)Droughts (mesh)Los Angeles (mesh)Mosquito Vectors (mesh)Water (mesh)Animals (mesh)Culex (mesh)Water (mesh)Disease Vectors (mesh)California (mesh)Los Angeles (mesh)Droughts (mesh)Mosquito Vectors (mesh)Animals (mesh)California (mesh)Culex (mesh)Disease Vectors (mesh)Droughts (mesh)Los Angeles (mesh)Mosquito Vectors (mesh)Water (mesh)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/56c464bchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt56c464bc/qt56c464bc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.est.0c05857articleEnvironmental Science and Technology, vol 55, iss 1478 - 487oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hn1w0782026-04-30T22:43:21Zqt9hn1w078Comparison of transverse single-spin asymmetries for forward π0 production in polarized pp, pAl and pAu collisions at nucleon pair c.m. energy sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, Y2021-04-01The STAR collaboration reports a measurement of the transverse single-spin asymmetries, AN, for neutral pions produced in polarized proton collisions with protons (pp), with aluminum nuclei (pAl) and with gold nuclei (pAu) at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. Neutral pions are observed in the forward direction relative to the transversely polarized proton beam, in the pseudorapidity region 2.7<η<3.8. Results are presented for π0s observed in the STAR forward meson spectrometer electromagnetic calorimeter in narrow Feynman x (xF) and transverse momentum (pT) bins, spanning the range 0.172.5 GeV/c. It is further observed that the value of AN is significantly larger for events with a large-pT isolated π0 than for events with a nonisolated π0 accompanied by additional jetlike fragments. The nuclear dependence r(A) is similar for isolated and nonisolated π0 events.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hn1w078https://escholarship.org/content/qt9hn1w078/qt9hn1w078.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.072005articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 7072005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hp3t8hx2026-04-30T22:43:14Zqt9hp3t8hxMeasurements of W and Z/γ* cross sections and their ratios in p+p collisions at RHICAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, S2021-01-01We report on the W and Z/γ* differential and total cross sections as well as the W+/W- and (W++W-)/(Z/γ*) cross section ratios measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC in p+p collisions at s=500 GeV and 510 GeV. The cross sections and their ratios are sensitive to quark and antiquark parton distribution functions. In particular, at leading order, the W cross section ratio is sensitive to the d¯/u¯ ratio. These measurements were taken at high Q2∼MW2,MZ2 and can serve as input into global analyses to provide constraints on the sea quark distributions. The results presented here combine three STAR datasets from 2011, 2012, and 2013, accumulating an integrated luminosity of 350 pb-1. We also assess the expected impact that our W+/W- cross section ratios will have on various quark distributions, and find sensitivity to the u¯-d¯ and d¯/u¯ distributions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hp3t8hxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9hp3t8hx/qt9hp3t8hx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.012001articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 1012001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7d5071hv2026-04-30T22:43:08Zqt7d5071hvPrawn aquaculture as a method for schistosomiasis control and poverty alleviation: a win-win approach to address a critical infectious disease of povertyHoover, Christopher MSokolow, Susanne HKemp, JonasSanchirico, James NLund, Andrea JJones, IsabelHigginson, TylerRiveau, GillesSavaya-Alkalay, AmitCoyle, ShawnWood, Chelsea LMicheli, FiorenzaCasagrandi, RenatoMari, LorenzoGatto, MarinoRinaldo, AndreaPerez-Saez, JavierRohr, Jason RSagi, AmirRemais, Justin VDe Leo, Giulio A2018-01-01Abstract Recent evidence suggests crustacean snail predators may aid schistosomiasis control programs by targeting the environmental component of the parasite’s life cycle through predation of the snail species that serve as intermediate hosts of the parasite. We evaluate costs, benefits, and potential synergies between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture of giant prawns using an integrated bio-economic-epidemiologic model. We identified combinations of stocking density and aquaculture cycle length that maximize profit and offer disease control benefits for sustainable schistosomiasis control. We consider two prawn species in sub-Saharan Africa: the endemic, non-domesticated Macrobrachium vollenhovenii , and the non-native, domesticated Macrobrachium rosenbergii . We find that, at profit-optimal densities, both M. rosenbergii and M. vollenhovenii can complement conventional control approaches (mass drug treatment of people) and lead to sustainable schistosomiasis control. We conclude that integrated aquaculture strategies can be a win-win strategy in terms of health and sustainable development in schistosomiasis endemic regions of the world.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)3005 Fisheries Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Vector-Borne Diseases (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)1 No Poverty (sdg)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d5071hvinfo:doi/10.1101/465195articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt94s2m9sz2026-04-30T22:43:04Zqt94s2m9szThermal thresholds heighten sensitivity of West Nile virus transmission to changing temperatures in coastal CaliforniaSkaff, Nicholas KCheng, QuClemesha, Rachel ESCollender, Philip AGershunov, AlexanderHead, Jennifer RHoover, Christopher MLettenmaier, Dennis PRohr, Jason RSnyder, Robert ERemais, Justin V2020-08-12Temperature is widely known to influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of vector-borne disease transmission, particularly as temperatures vary across critical thermal thresholds. When temperature conditions exhibit such 'transcritical variation', abrupt spatial or temporal discontinuities may result, generating sharp geographical or seasonal boundaries in transmission. Here, we develop a spatio-temporal machine learning algorithm to examine the implications of transcritical variation for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (LA). Analysing a large vector and WNV surveillance dataset spanning 2006-2016, we found that mean temperatures in the previous month strongly predicted the probability of WNV presence in pools of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, forming distinctive inhibitory (10.0-21.0°C) and favourable (22.7-30.2°C) mean temperature ranges that bound a narrow 1.7°C transitional zone (21-22.7°C). Temperatures during the most intense months of WNV transmission (August/September) were more strongly associated with infection probability in Cx. quinquefasciatus pools in coastal LA, where temperature variation more frequently traversed the narrow transitional temperature range compared to warmer inland locations. This contributed to a pronounced expansion in the geographical distribution of human cases near the coast during warmer-than-average periods. Our findings suggest that transcritical variation may influence the sensitivity of transmission to climate warming, and that especially vulnerable locations may occur where present climatic fluctuations traverse critical temperature thresholds.4101 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions (rcdc)Vector-Borne Diseases (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)West Nile Virus (rcdc)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Biodefense (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)California (mesh)Culex (mesh)Culicidae (mesh)Geography (mesh)Humans (mesh)Los Angeles (mesh)Mosquito Vectors (mesh)Temperature (mesh)West Nile Fever (mesh)West Nile virus (mesh)West Nile virustemperaturethermal thresholdsclimate vulnerabilityCaliforniavector-borne diseaseAnimals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Culicidae (mesh)Culex (mesh)West Nile virus (mesh)West Nile Fever (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Geography (mesh)California (mesh)Los Angeles (mesh)Mosquito Vectors (mesh)CaliforniaWest Nile virusclimate vulnerabilitytemperaturethermal thresholdsvector-borne diseaseAnimals (mesh)California (mesh)Culex (mesh)Culicidae (mesh)Geography (mesh)Humans (mesh)Los Angeles (mesh)Mosquito Vectors (mesh)Temperature (mesh)West Nile Fever (mesh)West Nile virus (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)30 Agriculturalveterinary and food sciences (for-2020)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/94s2m9szhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt94s2m9sz/qt94s2m9sz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.1065articleProceedings of the Royal Society B, vol 287, iss 193220201065oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2hw252hg2026-04-30T22:43:00Zqt2hw252hgFlow and interferometry results from Au+Au collisions at sNN=4.5 GeVAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AI2021-03-01The beam energy scan (BES) program at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) was extended to energies below sNN=7.7 GeV in 2015 by successful implementation of the fixed-target mode of operation in the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) experiment. In this mode, ions circulate in one ring of the collider and interact with a stationary target at the entrance of the STAR time projection chamber. The first results for Au+Au collisions at sNN=4.5 GeV are presented, demonstrating good performance of all the relevant detector subsystems in fixed-target mode. Results presented here include directed and elliptic flow of identified hadrons, and radii from pion femtoscopy. The latter, together with recent HADES results, reveal a long-sought peak structure that may be caused by the system evolving through a first-order phase transition from quark-gluon plasma to the hadronic phase. Directed and elliptic flow for pions are presented for the first time at this beam energy. Pion and proton elliptic flow show behavior which hints at constituent quark scaling, and demonstrate that a definitive conclusion will be achievable using the full statistics of the ongoing second phase of BES (BES-II). In particular, BES-II to date has recorded fixed-target data sets with two orders of magnitude more events at each of nine energies between sNN=3.0 and 7.7 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hw252hghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2hw252hg/qt2hw252hg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.103.034908articlePhysical Review C, vol 103, iss 3034908oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9520f9432026-04-30T22:42:51Zqt9520f943Beam-energy dependence of the directed flow of deuterons in Au+Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SL2020-10-01We present a measurement of the first-order azimuthal anisotropy v1 of deuterons from Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV recorded with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The energy dependence of the v1(y) slope, dv1/dy|y=0, for deuterons, where y is the rapidity, is extracted for semicentral collisions (10%–40% centrality) and compared with that of protons. While the v1(y) slopes of protons are generally negative for sNN>10GeV, those for deuterons are consistent with zero, a strong enhancement of the v1(y) slope of deuterons is seen at the lowest collision energy (the largest baryon density) at sNN=7.7GeV. In addition, we report the transverse momentum dependence of v1 for protons and deuterons. The experimental results are compared with transport and coalescence models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9520f943https://escholarship.org/content/qt9520f943/qt9520f943.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.044906articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 4044906oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5x71s62r2026-04-30T22:42:42Zqt5x71s62rContinuous immunotypes describe human immune variation and predict diverse responsesKaczorowski, Kevin JShekhar, KarthikNkulikiyimfura, DieudonnéDekker, Cornelia LMaecker, HoldenDavis, Mark MChakraborty, Arup KBrodin, Petter2017-07-25The immune system consists of many specialized cell populations that communicate with each other to achieve systemic immune responses. Our analyses of various measured immune cell population frequencies in healthy humans and their responses to diverse stimuli show that human immune variation is continuous in nature, rather than characterized by discrete groups of similar individuals. We show that the same three key combinations of immune cell population frequencies can define an individual's immunotype and predict a diverse set of functional responses to cytokine stimulation. We find that, even though interindividual variations in specific cell population frequencies can be large, unrelated individuals of younger age have more homogeneous immunotypes than older individuals. Across age groups, cytomegalovirus seropositive individuals displayed immunotypes characteristic of older individuals. The conceptual framework for defining immunotypes suggested by our results could guide the development of better therapies that appropriately modulate collective immunotypes, rather than individual immune components.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3204 Immunology (for-2020)Clinical Research (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Inflammatory and immune system (hrcs-hc)Cohort Studies (mesh)Cytomegalovirus Infections (mesh)Flow Cytometry (mesh)Humans (mesh)Immune System (mesh)Immune System Phenomena (mesh)ImmunityCellular (mesh)LeukocytesMononuclear (mesh)human immune variationimmune cell compositionsystems immunologyagingLeukocytesMononuclear (mesh)Immune System (mesh)Humans (mesh)Cytomegalovirus Infections (mesh)Flow Cytometry (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)ImmunityCellular (mesh)Immune System Phenomena (mesh)aginghuman immune variationimmune cell compositionsystems immunologyCohort Studies (mesh)Cytomegalovirus Infections (mesh)Flow Cytometry (mesh)Humans (mesh)Immune System (mesh)Immune System Phenomena (mesh)ImmunityCellular (mesh)LeukocytesMononuclear (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x71s62rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5x71s62r/qt5x71s62r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.1705065114articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 114, iss 30e6097 - e6106oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3k1843rw2026-04-30T22:42:37Zqt3k1843rwBulk properties of the system formed in Au+Au collisions at sNN=14.5 GeV at the BNL STAR detectorAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-02-01We report systematic measurements of bulk properties of the system created in Au+Au collisions at sNN=14.5 GeV recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum spectra of π±, K±, and p(p¯) are studied at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) for nine centrality intervals. The centrality, transverse momentum (pT), and pseudorapidity (η) dependence of inclusive charged particle elliptic flow (v2), and rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow (v1) results near midrapidity are also presented. These measurements are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at other energies, and from Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. The results at sNN=14.5 GeV show similar behavior as established at other energies and fit well in the energy dependence trend. These results are important as the 14.5-GeV energy fills the gap in μB, which is of the order of 100 MeV, between sNN=11.5 and 19.6 GeV. Comparisons of the data with UrQMD and AMPT models show poor agreement in general.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-ph5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k1843rwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3k1843rw/qt3k1843rw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.101.024905articlePhysical Review C, vol 101, iss 2024905oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6x49m73d2026-04-30T22:42:31Zqt6x49m73dModelled effects of prawn aquaculture on poverty alleviation and schistosomiasis controlHoover, Christopher MSokolow, Susanne HKemp, JonasSanchirico, James NLund, Andrea JJones, Isabel JHigginson, TylerRiveau, GillesSavaya, AmitCoyle, ShawnWood, Chelsea LMicheli, FiorenzaCasagrandi, RenatoMari, LorenzoGatto, MarinoRinaldo, AndreaPerez-Saez, JavierRohr, Jason RSagi, AmirRemais, Justin VDe Leo, Giulio A2019-07-01Recent evidence suggests that snail predators may aid efforts to control the human parasitic disease schistosomiasis by eating aquatic snail species that serve as intermediate hosts of the parasite. Here, potential synergies between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture of giant prawns are evaluated using an integrated bioeconomic–epidemiological model. Combinations of stocking density and aquaculture cycle length that maximize cumulative, discounted profit are identified for two prawn species in sub-Saharan Africa: the endemic, non-domesticated Macrobrachium vollenhovenii and the non-native, domesticated Macrobrachium rosenbergii. At profit-maximizing densities, both M. rosenbergii and M. vollenhovenii may substantially reduce intermediate host snail populations and aid schistosomiasis control efforts. Control strategies drawing on both prawn aquaculture to reduce intermediate host snail populations and mass drug administration to treat infected individuals are found to be superior to either strategy alone. Integrated aquaculture-based interventions can be a win–win strategy in terms of health and sustainable development in schistosomiasis endemic regions of the world.40 Engineering (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Digestive Diseases (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Vector-Borne Diseases (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)1 No Poverty (sdg)40 Engineering (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x49m73dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6x49m73d/qt6x49m73d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41893-019-0301-7articleNature Sustainability, vol 2, iss 7611 - 620oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt79f5x4p52026-04-30T22:42:27Zqt79f5x4p5Strange hadron production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-09-01We present STAR measurements of strange hadron (KS0, Λ, Λ¯, Ξ−, Ξ¯+, Ω−, Ω¯+, and ϕ) production at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 7.7–39 GeV from the Beam Energy Scan Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Transverse-momentum spectra, averaged transverse mass, and the overall integrated yields of these strange hadrons are presented versus the centrality and collision energy. Antibaryon-to-baryon ratios (Λ¯/Λ, Ξ¯+/Ξ−, Ω¯+/Ω−) are presented as well and used to test a thermal statistical model and to extract the temperature normalized strangeness and baryon chemical potentials at hadronic freeze-out (μB/Tch and μS/Tch) in central collisions. Strange baryon-to-pion ratios are compared to various model predictions in central collisions for all energies. The nuclear modification factors (RCP) and antibaryon-to-meson ratios as a function of transverse momentum are presented for all collision energies. The KS0 RCP shows no suppression for pT up to 3.5 GeV/c at energies of 7.7 and 11.5 GeV. The Λ¯/KS0 ratio also shows baryon-to-meson enhancement at intermediate pT (≈2.5 GeV/c) in central collisions at energies above 19.6 GeV. Both observations suggest that there is likely a change of the underlying strange quark dynamics at collision energies below 19.6 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/79f5x4p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt79f5x4p5/qt79f5x4p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.034909articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 3034909oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt39h5k0tp2026-04-30T22:42:20Zqt39h5k0tpLongitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet and dijet production in pp collisions at s=510 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2019-09-01We report the first measurement of the inclusive jet and the dijet longitudinal double-spin asymmetries, ALL, at midrapidity in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=510 GeV. The inclusive jet ALL measurement is sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution down to a gluon momentum fraction of x≈0.015, while the dijet measurements, separated into four jet-pair topologies, provide constraints on the x dependence of the gluon polarization. Both results are consistent with previous measurements made at s=200 GeV in the overlapping kinematic region, x>0.05, and show good agreement with predictions from recent next-to-leading order global analyses.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/39h5k0tphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt39h5k0tp/qt39h5k0tp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.100.052005articlePhysical Review D, vol 100, iss 5052005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28s1h72f2026-04-30T22:42:14Zqt28s1h72fMeasurement of inclusive J/ψ suppression in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV through the dimuon channel at STARCollaboration, STARAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SL2019-10-01J / ψ suppression has long been considered a sensitive signature of the formation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this letter, we present the first measurement of inclusive J / ψ production at mid-rapidity through the dimuon decay channel in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment. These measurements became possible after the installation of the Muon Telescope Detector was completed in 2014. The J / ψ yields are measured in a wide transverse momentum ( p T ) range of 0.15 GeV/c to 12 GeV/c from central to peripheral collisions. They extend the kinematic reach of previous measurements at RHIC with improved precision. In the 0-10% most central collisions, the J / ψ yield is suppressed by a factor of approximately 3 for p T > 5 GeV/c relative to that in p + p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The J / ψ nuclear modification factor displays little dependence on p T in all centrality bins. Model calculations can qualitatively describe the data, providing further evidence for the color-screening effect experienced by J / ψ mesons in the QGP.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Quark-gluon plasmaColor-screeningJ/psi suppressionnucl-exnucl-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/28s1h72fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt28s1h72f/qt28s1h72f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134917articlePhysics Letters B, vol 797134917oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0tb5s2c72026-04-30T22:42:07Zqt0tb5s2c7Measurements of the transverse-momentum-dependent cross sections of J/ψ production at mid-rapidity in proton+proton collisions at s=510 and 500 GeV with the STAR detectorAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-09-01We present measurements of the differential cross sections of inclusive J/ψ meson production as a function of transverse momentum (pTJ/ψ) using the μ+μ- and e+e- decay channels in proton+proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 510 and 500 GeV, respectively, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measurement from the μ+μ- channel is for 05106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tb5s2c7https://escholarship.org/content/qt0tb5s2c7/qt0tb5s2c7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.100.052009articlePhysical Review D, vol 100, iss 5052009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4sx443p52026-04-30T22:42:00Zqt4sx443p5Measurement of the mass difference and the binding energy of the hypertriton and antihypertritonAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-04-01According to the CPT theorem, which states that the combined operation of charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal must be conserved, particles and their antiparticles should have the same mass and lifetime but opposite charge and magnetic moment. Here, we test CPT symmetry in a nucleus containing a strange quark, more specifically in the hypertriton. This hypernucleus is the lightest one yet discovered and consists of a proton, a neutron and a Λ hyperon. With data recorded by the STAR detector1–3 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, we measure the Λ hyperon binding energy BΛ for the hypertriton, and find that it differs from the widely used value4 and from predictions5–8, where the hypertriton is treated as a weakly bound system. Our results place stringent constraints on the hyperon–nucleon interaction9,10 and have implications for understanding neutron star interiors, where strange matter may be present11. A precise comparison of the masses of the hypertriton and the antihypertriton allows us to test CPT symmetry in a nucleus with strangeness, and we observe no deviation from the expected exact symmetry.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exnucl-th01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sx443p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt4sx443p5/qt4sx443p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41567-020-0799-7articleNature Physics, vol 16, iss 4409 - 412oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0196r5pb2026-04-30T22:41:53Zqt0196r5pbBeam energy dependence of (anti-)deuteron production in Au + Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-06-01We report the energy dependence of mid-rapidity (anti-)deuteron production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The yield of deuterons is found to be well described by the thermal model. The collision energy, centrality, and transverse momentum dependence of the coalescence parameter B2 are discussed. We find that the values of B2 for antideuterons are systematically lower than those for deuterons, indicating that the correlation volume of antibaryons is larger than that of baryons at sNN from 19.6 to 39 GeV. In addition, values of B2 are found to vary with collision energy and show a broad minimum around sNN=20–40 GeV, which might imply a change of the equation of state of the medium in these collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exnucl-th5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0196r5pbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0196r5pb/qt0196r5pb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.99.064905articlePhysical Review C, vol 99, iss 6064905oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt75j363v12026-04-30T22:41:47Zqt75j363v1Collision-energy dependence of second-order off-diagonal and diagonal cumulants of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au + Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-07-01We report the first measurements of a complete second-order cumulant matrix of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions for the first phase of the beam energy scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. This includes the centrality and, for the first time, the pseudorapidity window dependence of both diagonal and off-diagonal cumulants in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 7.7–200 GeV. Within the available acceptance of |η|<0.5, the cumulants grow linearly with the pseudorapidity window. Relative to the corresponding measurements in peripheral collisions, the ratio of off-diagonal over diagonal cumulants in central collisions indicates an excess correlation between net-charge and net-kaon, as well as between net-charge and net-proton. The strength of such excess correlation increases with the collision energy. The correlation between net-proton and net-kaon multiplicity distributions is observed to be negative at sNN= 200 GeV and change to positive at the lowest collision energy. Model calculations based on nonthermal (UrQMD) and thermal (HRG) production of hadrons cannot explain the data. These measurements will help map the quantum chromodynamics phase diagram, constrain hadron resonance gas model calculations and provide new insights on the energy dependence of baryon-strangeness correlations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-ph5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/75j363v1https://escholarship.org/content/qt75j363v1/qt75j363v1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.100.014902articlePhysical Review C, vol 100, iss 1014902oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2975565b2026-04-30T22:41:31Zqt2975565bTransverse spin transfer to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-11-01The transverse spin transfer from polarized protons to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons is expected to provide sensitivity to the transversity distribution of the nucleon and to the transversely polarized fragmentation functions. We report the first measurement of the transverse spin transfer to Λ and Λ¯ along the polarization direction of the fragmenting quark, DTT, in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 18 pb-1 and cover the pseudorapidity range |η|<1.2 and transverse momenta pT up to 8 GeV/c. The dependence on pT and η are presented. The DTT results are found to be comparable with a model prediction and are also consistent with zero within uncertainties.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2975565bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2975565b/qt2975565b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.091103articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 9091103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3nb3x65z2026-04-30T22:41:25Zqt3nb3x65zThe proton–Ω correlation function in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChang, F-HChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2019-03-01We present the first measurement of the proton–Ω correlation function in heavy-ion collisions for the central (0–40%) and peripheral (40–80%) Au + Au collisions at s NN =200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Predictions for the ratio of peripheral collisions to central collisions for the proton–Ω correlation function are sensitive to the presence of a nucleon–Ω bound state. These predictions are based on the proton–Ω interaction extracted from (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD calculations at the physical point. The measured ratio of the proton–Ω correlation function between the peripheral (small system) and central (large system) collisions is less than unity for relative momentum smaller than 40 MeV/c. Comparison of our measured correlation ratio with theoretical calculation slightly favors a proton–Ω bound system with a binding energy of ∼ 27 MeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CorrelationsFemtoscopyN Omega dibaryonhep-exhep-exnucl-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nb3x65zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3nb3x65z/qt3nb3x65z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.01.055articlePhysics Letters B, vol 790490 - 497oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4vw746g62026-04-30T22:41:15Zqt4vw746g6Beam energy dependence of rapidity-even dipolar flow in Au+Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-09-01New measurements of directed flow for charged hadrons, characterized by the Fourier coefficient v 1 , are presented for transverse momenta p T , and centrality intervals in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment for the center-of-mass energy range s N N = 7.7 – 200 GeV. The measurements underscore the importance of momentum conservation, and the characteristic dependencies on s N N , centrality and p T are consistent with the expectations of geometric fluctuations generated in the initial stages of the collision, acting in concert with a hydrodynamic-like expansion. The centrality and p T dependencies of v 1 even , as well as an observed similarity between its excitation function and that for v 3 , could serve as constraints for initial-state models. The v 1 even excitation function could also provide an important supplement to the flow measurements employed for precision extraction of the temperature dependence of the specific shear viscosity.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vw746g6https://escholarship.org/content/qt4vw746g6/qt4vw746g6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.07.013articlePhysics Letters B, vol 78426 - 32oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1mj099p52026-04-30T22:41:09Zqt1mj099p5Correlation measurements between flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions at RHICAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2018-08-01Flow harmonics ( v n ) in the Fourier expansion of the azimuthal distribution of particles are widely used to quantify the anisotropy in particle emission in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The symmetric cumulants, S C ( m , n ) , are used to measure the correlations between different orders of flow harmonics. These correlations are used to constrain the initial conditions and the transport properties of the medium in theoretical models. In this Letter, we present the first measurements of the four-particle symmetric cumulants in Au+Au collisions at s N N = 39 and 200 GeV from data collected by the STAR experiment at RHIC. We observe that v 2 and v 3 are anti-correlated in all centrality intervals with similar correlation strengths from 39 GeV Au+Au to 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb (measured by the ALICE experiment). The v 2 – v 4 correlation seems to be stronger at 39 GeV than at higher collision energies. The initial-stage anti-correlations between second and third order eccentricities are sufficient to describe the measured correlations between v 2 and v 3 . The best description of v 2 – v 4 correlations at s N N = 200 GeV is obtained with inclusion of the system's nonlinear response to initial eccentricities accompanied by the viscous effect with η / s > 0.08 . Theoretical calculations using different initial conditions, equations of state and viscous coefficients need to be further explored to extract η / s of the medium created at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CollectivityCorrelationShear viscositynucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mj099p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt1mj099p5/qt1mj099p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.076articlePhysics Letters B, vol 783459 - 465oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5v07v3db2026-04-30T22:41:00Zqt5v07v3dbTransverse spin-dependent azimuthal correlations of charged pion pairs measured in p ↑ + p collisions at s = 500 GeVAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDedovich, TGDeng, JDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-05-01The transversity distribution, which describes transversely polarized quarks in transversely polarized nucleons, is a fundamental component of the spin structure of the nucleon, and is only loosely constrained by global fits to existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. In transversely polarized p ↑ + p collisions it can be accessed using transverse polarization dependent fragmentation functions which give rise to azimuthal correlations between the polarization of the struck parton and the final state scalar mesons. This letter reports on spin dependent di-hadron correlations measured by the STAR experiment. The new dataset corresponds to 25 pb−1 integrated luminosity of p ↑ + p collisions at s = 500 GeV, an increase of more than a factor of ten compared to our previous measurement at s = 200 GeV. Non-zero asymmetries sensitive to transversity are observed at a Q 2 of several hundred GeV and are found to be consistent with the former measurement and a model calculation. We expect that these data will enable an extraction of transversity with comparable precision to current SIDIS datasets but at much higher momentum transfers where subleading effects are suppressed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)TransversityDi-hadron correlationsInterference fragmentation functionhep-exhep-exnucl-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v07v3dbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5v07v3db/qt5v07v3db.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.02.069articlePhysics Letters B, vol 780332 - 339oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2k03c8mr2026-04-30T22:40:52Zqt2k03c8mrDirect virtual photon production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, XChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, L2017-07-01We report the direct virtual photon invariant yields in the transverse momentum ranges 16 GeV/c the production follows TAA scaling. Model calculations with contributions from thermal radiation and initial hard parton scattering are consistent within uncertainties with the direct virtual photon invariant yield.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-th0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k03c8mrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2k03c8mr/qt2k03c8mr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.050articlePhysics Letters B, vol 770451 - 458oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7js5v0nd2026-04-30T22:40:47Zqt7js5v0ndNearly 400 million people are at higher risk of schistosomiasis because dams block the migration of snail-eating river prawnsSokolow, Susanne HJones, Isabel JJocque, MerlijnLa, DianaCords, OliviaKnight, AnikaLund, AndreaWood, Chelsea LLafferty, Kevin DHoover, Christopher MCollender, Phillip ARemais, Justin VLopez-Carr, DavidFisk, JonathanKuris, Armand MDe Leo, Giulio A2017-06-05Dams have long been associated with elevated burdens of human schistosomiasis, but how dams increase disease is not always clear, in part because dams have many ecological and socio-economic effects. A recent hypothesis argues that dams block reproduction of the migratory river prawns that eat the snail hosts of schistosomiasis. In the Senegal River Basin, there is evidence that prawn populations declined and schistosomiasis increased after completion of the Diama Dam. Restoring prawns to a water-access site upstream of the dam reduced snail density and reinfection rates in people. However, whether a similar cascade of effects (from dams to prawns to snails to human schistosomiasis) occurs elsewhere is unknown. Here, we examine large dams worldwide and identify where their catchments intersect with endemic schistosomiasis and the historical habitat ranges of large, migratory Macrobrachium spp. prawns. River prawn habitats are widespread, and we estimate that 277-385 million people live within schistosomiasis-endemic regions where river prawns are or were present (out of the 800 million people who are at risk of schistosomiasis). Using a published repository of schistosomiasis studies in sub-Saharan Africa, we compared infection before and after the construction of 14 large dams for people living in: (i) upstream catchments within historical habitats of native prawns, (ii) comparable undammed watersheds, and (iii) dammed catchments beyond the historical reach of migratory prawns. Damming was followed by greater increases in schistosomiasis within prawn habitats than outside prawn habitats. We estimate that one third to one half of the global population-at-risk of schistosomiasis could benefit from restoration of native prawns. Because dams block prawn migrations, our results suggest that prawn extirpation contributes to the sharp increase of schistosomiasis after damming, and points to prawn restoration as an ecological solution for reducing human disease.This article is part of the themed issue 'Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Vector-Borne Diseases (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Africa South of the Sahara (mesh)Animal Migration (mesh)Animals (mesh)Food Chain (mesh)Humans (mesh)Palaemonidae (mesh)Schistosomiasis (mesh)Snails (mesh)damdisease controlschistosomebilharziabiological controlplanetary healthAnimals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Palaemonidae (mesh)Snails (mesh)Schistosomiasis (mesh)Animal Migration (mesh)Food Chain (mesh)Africa South of the Sahara (mesh)bilharziabiological controldamdisease controlplanetary healthschistosomeAfrica South of the Sahara (mesh)Animal Migration (mesh)Animals (mesh)Food Chain (mesh)Humans (mesh)Palaemonidae (mesh)Schistosomiasis (mesh)Snails (mesh)AnimalsHumansPalaemonidaeSnailsSchistosomiasisAnimal MigrationFood ChainAfrica South of the Sahara06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Evolutionary Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7js5v0ndinfo:doi/10.1098/rstb.2016.0127articlePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, vol 372, iss 172220160127oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6td3q3s52026-04-30T22:40:42Zqt6td3q3s5Modeling Biphasic Environmental Decay of Pathogens and Implications for Risk AnalysisBrouwer, Andrew FEisenberg, Marisa CRemais, Justin VCollender, Philip AMeza, RafaelEisenberg, Joseph NS2017-02-21As the appreciation for the importance of the environment in infectious disease transmission has grown, so too has interest in pathogen fate and transport. Fate has been traditionally described by simple exponential decay, but there is increasing recognition that some pathogens demonstrate a biphasic pattern of decay-fast followed by slow. While many have attributed this behavior to population heterogeneity, we demonstrate that biphasic dynamics can arise through a number of plausible mechanisms. We examine the identifiability of a general model encompassing three such mechanisms: population heterogeneity, hardening off, and the existence of viable-but-not-culturable states. Although the models are not fully identifiable from longitudinal sampling studies of pathogen concentrations, we use a differential algebra approach to determine identifiable parameter combinations. Through case studies using Cryptosporidium and Escherichia coli, we show that failure to consider biphasic pathogen dynamics can lead to substantial under- or overestimation of disease risks and pathogen concentrations, depending on the context. More reliable models for environmental hazards and human health risks are possible with an improved understanding of the conditions in which biphasic die-off is expected. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogen decay will ultimately enhance our control efforts to mitigate exposure to environmental contamination.3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Biodefense (rcdc)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Cryptosporidium (mesh)Environment (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Humans (mesh)ModelsTheoretical (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Humans (mesh)Cryptosporidium (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Environment (mesh)ModelsTheoretical (mesh)Cryptosporidium (mesh)Environment (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Humans (mesh)ModelsTheoretical (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)HumansCryptosporidiumEscherichia coliRisk AssessmentEnvironmentModelsTheoreticalEnvironmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6td3q3s5https://escholarship.org/content/qt6td3q3s5/qt6td3q3s5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b04030articleEnvironmental Science and Technology, vol 51, iss 42186 - 2196oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qz0x8x12026-04-30T22:40:38Zqt7qz0x8x1Constraining the initial conditions and temperature dependent viscosity with three-particle correlations in Au+Au collisionsAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2019-03-01We present three-particle mixed-harmonic correlations 〈 cos ( m ϕ a + n ϕ b − ( m + n ) ϕ c ) 〉 for harmonics m , n = 1 − 3 for charged particles in s N N = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. These measurements provide information on the three-dimensional structure of the initial collision zone and are important for constraining models of a subsequent low-viscosity quark–gluon plasma expansion phase. We investigate correlations between the first, second and third harmonics predicted as a consequence of fluctuations in the initial state. The dependence of the correlations on the pseudorapidity separation between particles show hints of a breaking of longitudinal invariance. We compare our results to a number of state-of-the art hydrodynamic calculations with different initial states and temperature dependent viscosities. These measurements provide important steps towards constraining the temperature dependent viscosity and longitudinal structure of the initial state at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exnucl-th0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qz0x8x1https://escholarship.org/content/qt7qz0x8x1/qt7qz0x8x1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.075articlePhysics Letters B, vol 79081 - 88oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0245h28v2026-04-30T22:40:32Zqt0245h28vAutomatic Classification of Cellular Expression by Nonlinear Stochastic Embedding (ACCENSE)Shekhar, KarthikBrodin, PetterDavis, Mark MChakraborty, Arup K2014-01-07Mass cytometry enables an unprecedented number of parameters to be measured in individual cells at a high throughput, but the large dimensionality of the resulting data severely limits approaches relying on manual "gating." Clustering cells based on phenotypic similarity comes at a loss of single-cell resolution and often the number of subpopulations is unknown a priori. Here we describe ACCENSE, a tool that combines nonlinear dimensionality reduction with density-based partitioning, and displays multivariate cellular phenotypes on a 2D plot. We apply ACCENSE to 35-parameter mass cytometry data from CD8(+) T cells derived from specific pathogen-free and germ-free mice, and stratify cells into phenotypic subpopulations. Our results show significant heterogeneity within the known CD8(+) T-cell subpopulations, and of particular note is that we find a large novel subpopulation in both specific pathogen-free and germ-free mice that has not been described previously. This subpopulation possesses a phenotypic signature that is distinct from conventional naive and memory subpopulations when analyzed by ACCENSE, but is not distinguishable on a biaxial plot of standard markers. We are able to automatically identify cellular subpopulations based on all proteins analyzed, thus aiding the full utilization of powerful new single-cell technologies such as mass cytometry.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Animals (mesh)Artificial Intelligence (mesh)Automation (mesh)CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes (mesh)Computer Simulation (mesh)Flow Cytometry (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Genetic Markers (mesh)Immunologic Memory (mesh)Immunophenotyping (mesh)Mice (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Probability (mesh)Signal ProcessingComputer-Assisted (mesh)Stochastic Processes (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)immunophenotypingmachine learningclass discoveryCyTOFFACSCD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes (mesh)Animals (mesh)Mice (mesh)Genetic Markers (mesh)Flow Cytometry (mesh)Probability (mesh)Stochastic Processes (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Immunophenotyping (mesh)Immunologic Memory (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)Automation (mesh)Artificial Intelligence (mesh)Computer Simulation (mesh)Signal ProcessingComputer-Assisted (mesh)CyTOFFACSclass discoveryimmunophenotypingmachine learningAnimals (mesh)Artificial Intelligence (mesh)Automation (mesh)CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes (mesh)Computer Simulation (mesh)Flow Cytometry (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Genetic Markers (mesh)Immunologic Memory (mesh)Immunophenotyping (mesh)Mice (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Probability (mesh)Signal ProcessingComputer-Assisted (mesh)Stochastic Processes (mesh)Time Factors (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0245h28vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0245h28v/qt0245h28v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.1321405111articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 111, iss 1202 - 207oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84t5r35h2026-04-30T22:40:27Zqt84t5r35hElliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200, 62.4, and 39 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2017-03-01We present measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from the decays of heavy-flavor hadrons (eHF) by the STAR experiment. For Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV we report v2, for transverse momentum (pT) between 0.2 and 7 GeV/c, using three methods: the event plane method (v2{EP}), two-particle correlations (v2{2}), and four-particle correlations (v2{4}). For Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 and 39 GeV we report v2{2} for pT<2GeV/c. v2{2} and v2{4} are nonzero at low and intermediate pT at 200 GeV, and v2{2} is consistent with zero at low pT at other energies. The v2{2} at the two lower beam energies is systematically lower than at sNN=200 GeV for pT<1GeV/c. This difference may suggest that charm quarks interact less strongly with the surrounding nuclear matter at those two lower energies compared to sNN=200 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84t5r35hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt84t5r35h/qt84t5r35h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.95.034907articlePhysical Review C, vol 95, iss 3034907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3t00q5w52026-04-30T22:40:21Zqt3t00q5w5Measurement of the cross section and longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for dijet production in polarized pp collisions at s=200 GeVAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, XChen, JHCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFujita, JFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, SGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JW2017-04-01We report the first measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry ALL for midrapidity dijet production in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV. The dijet cross section was measured and is shown to be consistent with next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD predictions. ALL results are presented for two distinct topologies, defined by the jet pseudorapidities, and are compared to predictions from several recent NLO global analyses. The measured asymmetries, the first such correlation measurements, support those analyses that find positive gluon polarization at the level of roughly 0.2 over the region of Bjorken-x>0.05.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t00q5w5info:doi/10.1103/physrevd.95.071103articlePhysical Review D, vol 95, iss 7071103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt85n4z7j22026-04-30T22:40:16Zqt85n4z7j2Sensitivity analysis of infectious disease models: methods, advances and their applicationWu, JianyongDhingra, RadhikaGambhir, ManojRemais, Justin V2013-09-06Sensitivity analysis (SA) can aid in identifying influential model parameters and optimizing model structure, yet infectious disease modelling has yet to adopt advanced SA techniques that are capable of providing considerable insights over traditional methods. We investigate five global SA methods-scatter plots, the Morris and Sobol' methods, Latin hypercube sampling-partial rank correlation coefficient and the sensitivity heat map method-and detail their relative merits and pitfalls when applied to a microparasite (cholera) and macroparasite (schistosomaisis) transmission model. The methods investigated yielded similar results with respect to identifying influential parameters, but offered specific insights that vary by method. The classical methods differed in their ability to provide information on the quantitative relationship between parameters and model output, particularly over time. The heat map approach provides information about the group sensitivity of all model state variables, and the parameter sensitivity spectrum obtained using this method reveals the sensitivity of all state variables to each parameter over the course of the simulation period, especially valuable for expressing the dynamic sensitivity of a microparasite epidemic model to its parameters. A summary comparison is presented to aid infectious disease modellers in selecting appropriate methods, with the goal of improving model performance and design.40 Engineering (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Animals (mesh)Cholera (mesh)Humans (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Schistosomiasis (mesh)sensitivity analysisinfectious disease modellingSobol' methodMorris methodpartial rank correlation coefficientsensitivity heat mapAnimals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Cholera (mesh)Schistosomiasis (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Morris methodSobol’ methodinfectious disease modellingpartial rank correlation coefficientsensitivity analysissensitivity heat mapAnimals (mesh)Cholera (mesh)Humans (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Schistosomiasis (mesh)AnimalsHumansCholeraSchistosomiasisModelsBiologicalGeneral Science & Technology (science-metrix)CC-BY-NC-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/85n4z7j2info:doi/10.1098/rsif.2012.1018articleJournal of The Royal Society Interface, vol 10, iss 8620121018oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9808m6h62026-04-30T22:37:21Zqt9808m6h6Surveillance systems for neglected tropical diseases: global lessons from China’s evolving schistosomiasis reporting systems, 1949–2014Liang, SongYang, ChanghongZhong, BoGuo, JiagangLi, HuazhongCarlton, Elizabeth JFreeman, Matthew CRemais, Justin V2014-01-01Though it has been a focus of the country’s public health surveillance systems since the 1950s, schistosomiasis represents an ongoing public health challenge in China. Parallel, schistosomiasis-specific surveillance systems have been essential to China’s decades-long campaign to reduce the prevalence of the disease, and have contributed to the successful elimination in five of China’s twelve historically endemic provinces, and to the achievement of morbidity and transmission control in the other seven. More recently, an ambitious goal of achieving nation-wide transmission interruption by 2020 has been proposed. This paper details how schistosomiasis surveillance systems have been structured and restructured within China’s evolving public health system, and how parallel surveillance activities have provided an information system that has been integral to the characterization of, response to, and control of the disease. With the ongoing threat of re-emergence of schistosomiasis in areas previously considered to have achieved transmission control, a critical examination of China’s current surveillance capabilities is needed to direct future investments in health information systems and to enable improved coordination between systems in support of ongoing control. Lessons drawn from China’s experience are applied to the current global movement to reduce the burden of helminthiases, where surveillance capacity based on improved diagnostics is urgently needed.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Vector-Borne Diseases (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Neglected tropical diseasesParasitic diseaseCase ascertainmentSchistosomiasisSurveillanceSamplingChinaCase ascertainmentChinaNeglected tropical diseasesParasitic diseaseSamplingSchistosomiasisSurveillanceapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9808m6h6https://escholarship.org/content/qt9808m6h6/qt9808m6h6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/1742-7622-11-19articleDiscover Public Health, vol 11, iss 119oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2pn2t2x82026-04-30T22:37:17Zqt2pn2t2x8Methods for Quantification of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Environmental Media: Current Techniques and Recent AdvancesCollender, Philip AKirby, Amy EAddiss, David GFreeman, Matthew CRemais, Justin V2015-12-01Limiting the environmental transmission of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), which infect 1.5 billion people worldwide, will require sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective methods to detect and quantify STHs in the environment. We review the state-of-the-art of STH quantification in soil, biosolids, water, produce, and vegetation with regard to four major methodological issues: environmental sampling; recovery of STHs from environmental matrices; quantification of recovered STHs; and viability assessment of STH ova. We conclude that methods for sampling and recovering STHs require substantial advances to provide reliable measurements for STH control. Recent innovations in the use of automated image identification and developments in molecular genetic assays offer considerable promise for improving quantification and viability assessment.3009 Veterinary Sciences (for-2020)30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Animal Distribution (mesh)Animals (mesh)Environmental Monitoring (mesh)Helminthiasis (mesh)Helminths (mesh)Humans (mesh)Soil (mesh)Animals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Helminths (mesh)Helminthiasis (mesh)Soil (mesh)Environmental Monitoring (mesh)Animal Distribution (mesh)Animal Distribution (mesh)Animals (mesh)Environmental Monitoring (mesh)Helminthiasis (mesh)Helminths (mesh)Humans (mesh)Soil (mesh)AnimalsHumansHelminthsHelminthiasisSoilEnvironmental MonitoringAnimal Distribution06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Mycology & Parasitology (science-metrix)3009 Veterinary sciences (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pn2t2x8info:doi/10.1016/j.pt.2015.08.007articleTrends in Parasitology, vol 31, iss 12625 - 639oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8zn495ch2026-04-30T22:37:12Zqt8zn495chCauses and consequences of experimental variation in Nicotiana benthamiana transient expressionTang, Sophia NSzarzanowicz, Matthew JLanctot, AmySirirungruang, SasiladaKirkpatrick, Liam DDrako, KristaAlamos, SimonCheng, LyuruiWaldburger, Lucas MLiu, ShuyingHuang, LenaKazaz, SamiAkyuz Turumtay, EmineBaidoo, EdwardEudes, AymerickThompson, Mitchell GShih, Patrick M2026-01-01Infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens into Nicotiana benthamiana has become a foundational technique in plant biology, enabling efficient delivery of transgenes in planta with technical ease, robust signal, and relatively high throughput. Despite transient expression’s prevalence in disciplines such as synthetic biology, little work has been done to describe and address the variability inherent in this system, a concern for experiments that rely on highly quantitative readouts. In a comprehensive analysis of N. benthamiana agroinfiltration experiments, we model sources of variability that affect transient expression. Our findings emphasize the need to validate normalization methods under the specific conditions of each study, as distinct normalization schemes do not always reduce variation either within or between experiments. Using a dataset of 1915 plants collected over three years, we develop a model of variation in N. benthamiana transient expression, using power analysis to determine the number of individual plants required for a given effect size. Drawing on our longitudinal data, these findings inform practical guidelines for minimizing variability through strategic experimental design and power analysis, providing a foundation for more robust and reproducible use of N. benthamiana in quantitative plant biology and synthetic biology applications.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Transgenes (mesh)Agrobacterium tumefaciens (mesh)Nicotiana (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zn495chhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8zn495ch/qt8zn495ch.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-026-69458-1articleNature Communications, vol 17, iss 12772oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1bs824ng2026-04-30T22:37:07Zqt1bs824ngGenetically pliable green algae for bioproduction of modified fatty acids, nutritional therapeutic oils, and biopharmaceuticalsMoseley, Jeffrey LMerchant, Sabeeha S2026-02-01Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential tool for complex metabolic engineering in yeast, but transgene integration into plant and green algal nuclear genomes predominantly occurs by non-homologous end-joining. Species of the closely related, oleaginous trebouxiophytes Auxenochlorella and Prototheca, are unusual among the green algae in that HR is the favored mechanism for DNA integration into the nuclear genome. This property enables locus-specific targeting of gene cassettes encoding multiple enzymes for manipulating existing biochemical pathways or introducing new functions. Genetic malleability, and regulatory approval for human consumption, coupled with robust fermentation performance at industrial scale, establishes Auxenochlorella and Prototheca as prime candidates for algal production of biochemicals and biomaterials. The examples presented here highlight strain improvement and engineering for synthesis of hydroxylated fatty acids for biomaterials, structured triglycerides resembling human milk fat for infant nutrition, very-long-chain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids with nutraceutical or therapeutic potential, and cannabinoids for pharmacological applications.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)12 Responsible Consumption and Production (sdg)Humans (mesh)Fatty Acids (mesh)Biological Products (mesh)Chlorophyta (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Fatty Acids (mesh)Chlorophyta (mesh)Humans (mesh)Biological Products (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)10 Technology (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3106 Industrial biotechnology (for-2020)3206 Medical biotechnology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bs824nghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1bs824ng/qt1bs824ng.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103421articleCurrent Opinion in Biotechnology, vol 97103421 - 103421oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1pq468t52026-04-30T22:37:00Zqt1pq468t5Targeted genetic manipulation and yeast-like evolutionary genomics in the green alga AuxenochlorellaCraig, Rory JDueñas, Marco ACamacho, Dimitrios JGallaher, Sean DAvendaño-Monsalve, Maria ClaraLin, Yang-TsungBlaby-Haas, Crysten EMoseley, Jeffrey LMerchant, Sabeeha S2025-10-31Auxenochlorella spp. are diploid oleaginous green algae whose streamlined genomes can be readily manipulated by homologous recombination, making them highly amenable to discovery research and bioengineering. Vegetatively diploid organisms experience specific evolutionary phenomena, including allodiploid hybridization, mitotic recombination, loss-of-heterozygosity, and aneuploidy; however, studies of these forces have largely focused on yeasts. Here, we present a telomere-to-telomere phased diploid genome assembly of Auxenochlorella UTEX 250-A (haploid length 22 Mb) and introduce a genetic toolkit for site-specific manipulation of the nuclear genome in multiple strains, featuring several selectable markers, inducible promoters, and fluorescent reporters for protein localization. UTEX 250-A is an allodiploid hybrid of Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Auxenochlorella symbiontica, two species differentiated by extensive chromosomal rearrangements. UTEX 250-A haplotypes are a mosaic of each parental species following mitotic recombination, and two chromosomes are trisomic. Loss-of-heterozygosity events are pervasive across Auxenochlorella and can evolve rapidly in the laboratory. High-quality structural annotation yielded ∼7,500 genes per haplotype. Auxenochlorella have experienced gene family loss and reduction, including core photosynthesis genes, and exhibit periodic adenine and cytosine methylation at promoters and gene bodies, respectively. Approximately 10% of genes, especially those involved in DNA repair and sex, overlap antisense long noncoding RNAs, which may participate in a regulatory mechanism. We demonstrate the utility of Auxenochlorella for fundamental research by knockout of a chlorophyll biosynthesis enzyme, and confirm one trisomy by allele-specific transformation. These results demonstrate the generality of several evolutionary forces associated with vegetative diploidy and provide a foundation for the use of Auxenochlorella as a reference organism.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Chlorophyta (mesh)Genomics (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Diploidy (mesh)GenomePlant (mesh)Loss of Heterozygosity (mesh)Genomics (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Diploidy (mesh)Loss of Heterozygosity (mesh)GenomePlant (mesh)Chlorophyta (mesh)Chlorophyta (mesh)Genomics (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Diploidy (mesh)GenomePlant (mesh)Loss of Heterozygosity (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)0607 Plant Biology (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pq468t5https://escholarship.org/content/qt1pq468t5/qt1pq468t5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/plcell/koaf259articleThe Plant Cell, vol 37, iss 11koaf259oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt12z5j1x42026-04-30T22:36:56Zqt12z5j1x4Rational Modulation of Plant Root Development Using Engineered Cytokinin RegulatorsRattan, RohanAlamos, SimonSzarzanowicz, MatthewMarkel, KaseyShih, Patrick M2025-08-15Achieving precise control over quantitative developmental phenotypes is a key objective in plant biology. Recent advances in synthetic biology have enabled tools to reprogram entire developmental pathways; however, the complexity of designing synthetic genetic programs and the inherent interactions between various signaling processes remains a critical challenge. Here, we leverage Type-B response regulators to modulate the expression of genes involved in cytokinin-dependent growth and development processes. We rationally engineered these regulators to modulate their transcriptional activity (i.e., repression or activation) and potency while reducing their sensitivity to cytokinin. By localizing the expression of these engineered transcription factors using tissue-specific promoters, we can predictably tune cytokinin-regulated traits. As a proof of principle, we deployed this synthetic system in Arabidopsis thaliana to either decrease or increase the number of lateral roots. The simplicity and modularity of our approach makes it an ideal system for controlling other developmental phenotypes of agronomic interest in plants.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Cytokinins (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Arabidopsis Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Plant Growth Regulators (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Plant Growth Regulators (mesh)Cytokinins (mesh)Arabidopsis Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Cytokinins (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Arabidopsis Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Plant Growth Regulators (mesh)0304 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry (for)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0903 Biomedical Engineering (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and computational biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/12z5j1x4https://escholarship.org/content/qt12z5j1x4/qt12z5j1x4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acssynbio.5c00051articleACS Synthetic Biology, vol 14, iss 83013 - 3023oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6b05z73s2026-04-30T22:36:51Zqt6b05z73sQuantitative dissection of Agrobacterium T-DNA expression in single plant cells reveals density-dependent synergy and antagonismAlamos, SimonSzarzanowicz, Matthew JThompson, Mitchell GStevens, Danielle MKirkpatrick, Liam DDee, AmandaPannu, HamreetCui, RuomingLiu, ShuyingNimavat, MonikabenKrasileva, KseniaBaidoo, Edward EKShih, Patrick M2025-05-01Agrobacterium pathogenesis, which involves transferring T-DNA into plant cells, is the cornerstone of plant genetic engineering. As the applications that rely on Agrobacterium increase in sophistication, it becomes critical to achieve a quantitative and predictive understanding of T-DNA expression at the level of single plant cells. Here we examine if a classic Poisson model of interactions between pathogens and host cells holds true for Agrobacterium infecting Nicotiana benthamiana. Systematically challenging this model revealed antagonistic and synergistic density-dependent interactions between bacteria that do not require quorum sensing. Using various approaches, we studied the molecular basis of these interactions. To overcome the engineering constraints imposed by antagonism, we created a dual binary vector system termed ‘BiBi’, which can improve the efficiency of a reconstituted complex metabolic pathway in a predictive fashion. Our findings illustrate how combining theoretical models with quantitative experiments can reveal new principles of bacterial pathogenesis, impacting both fundamental and applied plant biology.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Nicotiana (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)Agrobacterium (mesh)Plant Diseases (mesh)Plant Cells (mesh)Agrobacterium tumefaciens (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)Plant Diseases (mesh)Plant Cells (mesh)Agrobacterium tumefaciens (mesh)Agrobacterium (mesh)Nicotiana (mesh)Nicotiana (mesh)DNABacterial (mesh)Agrobacterium (mesh)Plant Diseases (mesh)Plant Cells (mesh)Agrobacterium tumefaciens (mesh)0607 Plant Biology (for)0703 Crop and Pasture Production (for)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b05z73shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6b05z73s/qt6b05z73s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41477-025-01996-warticleNature Plants, vol 11, iss 51060 - 1073oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4rk679w12026-04-30T22:36:47Zqt4rk679w1Microbial community dynamics in the soil-root continuum are linked with plant species turnover during secondary successionYan, WeimingYuan, Mengting MaggieWang, ShiSorensen, Patrick OWen, TaoXu, YutingWang, HongleiJiao, ShuoChen, JiShangguan, ZhoupingDeng, LeiLi, ZiyanZhong, Yangquanwei2025-01-17Grazing exclusion and land abandonment are commonly adopted to restore degraded ecosystems in semiarid and arid regions worldwide. However, the temporal variation in the soil- versus root-associated microbiome over plant species turnover during secondary succession has rarely been quantified. Using the chronosequence restored from fenced grassland and abandoned farmlands on the Loess Plateau of China, we characterized the dynamics of the soil- and root-associated microbiome of host plant with different dominance statuses during secondary succession from 0 to 40 years. Our results revealed that the root microhabitat, the host plant and their interactions were the main contributors to the bacterial community shift (R2 = 15.5%, 8.1%, and 22.3%, respectively), and plant interspecies replacement had a greater effect on the shift in the root-associated microbial community than intraspecies replacement did during succession. The root-associated bacterial community of pioneer plants was particularly responsive to succession, especially the endosphere community. Endosphere microbial diversity was positively correlated with host plant coverage change, and the diversity and abundance of taxon recruitment into the endosphere of pioneer plants from the surrounding environment decreased as succession progressed. The community assembly processes also indicated that the endosphere microbiota are strongly selected in younger host plants, whereas stochastic processes dominate in aged host plants. Our study provides evidence of the unique response of the root-associated microbiome to the replacement of plant species during secondary succession, and the function of endosphere microbes should be considered when studying plant-microbe feedback.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)endosphererhizospheremicrobial recruitmentplant turnoversuccessionendospheremicrobial recruitmentplant turnoverrhizospheresuccession3103 Ecology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk679w1https://escholarship.org/content/qt4rk679w1/qt4rk679w1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/ismeco/ycaf012articleISME Communications, vol 5, iss 1ycaf012oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt36n6s20w2026-04-30T22:36:41Zqt36n6s20wLeaky ribosomal scanning enables tunable translation of bicistronic ORFs in green algaeDueñas, Marco ACraig, Rory JGallaher, Sean DMoseley, Jeffrey LMerchant, Sabeeha S2025-03-04Advances in sequencing technology have unveiled examples of nucleus-encoded polycistrons, once considered rare. Exclusively polycistronic transcripts are prevalent in green algae, although the mechanism by which multiple polypeptides are translated from a single transcript is unknown. Here, we used bioinformatic and in vivo mutational analyses to evaluate competing mechanistic models for translation of bicistronic mRNAs in green algae. High-confidence manually curated datasets of bicistronic loci from two divergent green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Auxenochlorella protothecoides, revealed a preference for weak Kozak-like sequences for ORF 1 and an underrepresentation of potential initiation codons before the ORF 2 start codon, which are suitable conditions for leaky ribosome scanning to allow ORF 2 translation. We used mutational analysis in A. protothecoides to test the mechanism. In vivo manipulation of the ORF 1 Kozak-like sequence and start codon altered reporter expression at ORF 2, with a weaker Kozak-like sequence enhancing expression and a stronger one diminishing it. A synthetic bicistronic dual reporter demonstrated inversely adjustable activity of green fluorescent protein expressed from ORF 1 and luciferase from ORF 2, depending on the strength of the ORF 1 Kozak-like sequence. Our findings demonstrate that translation of multiple ORFs in green algal bicistronic transcripts is consistent with episodic leaky scanning of ORF 1 to allow translation at ORF 2. This work has implications for the potential functionality of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) found across eukaryotic genomes and for transgene expression in synthetic biology applications.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Open Reading Frames (mesh)Ribosomes (mesh)Protein Biosynthesis (mesh)Chlorophyta (mesh)Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (mesh)CodonInitiator (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)Iso-Seqribosome profilingdicistronicuORFstransgene expressionRibosomes (mesh)Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)CodonInitiator (mesh)Protein Biosynthesis (mesh)Open Reading Frames (mesh)Chlorophyta (mesh)Iso-Seqdicistronicribosome profilingtransgene expressionuORFsOpen Reading Frames (mesh)Ribosomes (mesh)Protein Biosynthesis (mesh)Chlorophyta (mesh)Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (mesh)CodonInitiator (mesh)RNAMessenger (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/36n6s20whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt36n6s20w/qt36n6s20w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.2417695122articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 122, iss 9e2417695122oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3441w1cr2026-04-30T22:36:36Zqt3441w1crGenerative machine learning for detector response modeling with a conditional normalizing flowXu, AllisonHan, ShuoJu, XiangyangWang, Haichen2024-02-01In this paper, we explore the potential of generative machine learning models as an alternative to the computationally expensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations commonly used by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. Our objective is to develop a generative model capable of efficiently simulating detector responses for specific particle observables, focusing on the correlations between detector responses of different particles in the same event and accommodating asymmetric detector responses. We present a conditional normalizing flow model (??ℱ) based on a chain of Masked Autoregressive Flows, which effectively incorporates conditional variables and models high-dimensional density distributions. We assess the performance of the ??ℱ model using a simulated sample of Higgs boson decaying to diphoton events at the LHC. We create reconstruction-level observables using a smearing technique. We show that conditional normalizing flows can accurately model complex detector responses and their correlation. This method can potentially reduce the computational burden associated with generating large numbers of simulated events while ensuring that the generated events meet the requirements for data analyses. We make our code available at https://github.com/allixu/normalizing_flow_for_detector_response.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Analysis and statistical methodsSimulation methods and programsPerformance of High Energy Physics DetectorsPattern recognitioncluster findingcalibration and fitting methods02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3441w1crhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3441w1cr/qt3441w1cr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/p02003articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 19, iss 02p02003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2d43x0c72026-04-30T22:36:20Zqt2d43x0c7Randomized Algorithms for Scientific Computing (RASC)Buluc, AydinKolda, Tamara GWild, Stefan MAnitescu, MihaiDeGennaro, AnthonyJakeman, JohnKamath, ChandrikaKannan, RamakrishnanLopes, Miles EMartinsson, Per-GunnarMyers, KaryNelson, JelaniRestrepo, Juan MSeshadhri, CVrabie, DragunaWohlberg, BrendtWright, Stephen JYang, ChaoZwart, Peter2021-04-19Randomized algorithms have propelled advances in artificial intelligence and
represent a foundational research area in advancing AI for Science. Future
advancements in DOE Office of Science priority areas such as climate science,
astrophysics, fusion, advanced materials, combustion, and quantum computing all
require randomized algorithms for surmounting challenges of complexity,
robustness, and scalability. This report summarizes the outcomes of that
workshop, "Randomized Algorithms for Scientific Computing (RASC)," held
virtually across four days in December 2020 and January 2021.cs.AIcs.AIcs.CEapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d43x0c7https://escholarship.org/content/qt2d43x0c7/qt2d43x0c7.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8839q9j42026-04-30T22:36:15Zqt8839q9j4Social Literacy: Nurses’ Contribution Toward the Co-Production of Self-ManagementDubbin, LeslieBurke, NancyFleming, MarkThompson-Lastad, ArianaNapoles, Tessa MYen, IreneShim, Janet K2021-01-01We share findings from a larger ethnographic study of two urban complex care management programs in the Western United States. The data presented stem from in-depth interviews conducted with 17 complex care management RNs and participant observations of home visits. We advance the concept of social literacy as a nursing attribute that comprises an RN's recognition and responses to the varied types of hinderances to self-management with which patients must contend in their lived environment. It is through social literacy that complex care management RNs reconceptualize and understand health literacy to be a product born out of the social circumstances in which patients live and the stratified nature of the health care systems that provide them care. Social literacy provides a broader framework for health literacy-one that is situated within the patient's social context through which complex care management RNs must navigate for self-management goals to be achieved.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)4205 Nursing (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Health Services (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)complex care managementchronic diseasenursinghealth inequalitiesWestern United StatesWestern United Stateschronic diseasecomplex care managementhealth inequalitiesnursing4204 Midwifery (for-2020)4205 Nursing (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8839q9j4https://escholarship.org/content/qt8839q9j4/qt8839q9j4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1177/2333393621993451articleGlobal Qualitative Nursing Research, vol 82333393621993451oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0ng5p7012026-04-30T22:35:56Zqt0ng5p701Haplotypes spanning centromeric regions reveal persistence of large blocks of archaic DNALangley, Sasha AMiga, Karen HKarpen, Gary HLangley, Charles H2019-01-01Despite critical roles in chromosome segregation and disease, the repetitive structure and vast size of centromeres and their surrounding heterochromatic regions impede studies of genomic variation. Here we report the identification of large-scale haplotypes (cenhaps) in humans that span the centromere-proximal regions of all metacentric chromosomes, including the arrays of highly repeated α-satellites on which centromeres form. Cenhaps reveal deep diversity, including entire introgressed Neanderthal centromeres and equally ancient lineages among Africans. These centromere-spanning haplotypes contain variants, including large differences in α-satellite DNA content, which may influence the fidelity and bias of chromosome transmission. The discovery of cenhaps creates new opportunities to investigate their contribution to phenotypic variation, especially in meiosis and mitosis, as well as to more incisively model the unexpectedly rich evolution of these challenging genomic regions.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Centromere (mesh)ChromosomesHuman (mesh)DNASatellite (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Haplotypes (mesh)Humans (mesh)Repetitive SequencesNucleic Acid (mesh)ChromosomesHuman (mesh)Centromere (mesh)Humans (mesh)DNASatellite (mesh)Repetitive SequencesNucleic Acid (mesh)Haplotypes (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)1000 GenomesNeanderthalcentromereevolutionary biologygeneticsgenomicshaplotypeheterochromatinhumansatellite DNACentromere (mesh)ChromosomesHuman (mesh)DNASatellite (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Haplotypes (mesh)Humans (mesh)Repetitive SequencesNucleic Acid (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ng5p701https://escholarship.org/content/qt0ng5p701/qt0ng5p701.pdfinfo:doi/10.7554/elife.42989articleeLife, vol 8e42989oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9vp4840m2026-04-30T22:35:35Zqt9vp4840mProduction and integration of the ATLAS Insertable B-LayerAbbott, BAlbert, JAlberti, FAlex, MAlimonti, GAlkire, SAllport, PAltenheiner, SAncu, LSAnderssen, EAndreani, AAndreazza, AAxen, BArguin, JBackhaus, MBalbi, GBallansat, JBarbero, MBarbier, GBassalat, ABates, RBaudin, PBattaglia, MBeau, TBeccherle, RBell, ABenoit, MBermgan, ABertsche, CBertsche, Dde Mendizabal, J BilbaoBindi, FBomben, MBorri, MBortolin, CBousson, NBoyd, RGBreugnon, PBruni, GBrossamer, JBruschi, MBuchholz, PBudun, EButtar, CCadoux, FCalderini, GCaminada, LCapeans, MCarney, RCasse, GCatinaccio, ACavalli-Sforza, MČerv, MCervelli, AChau, CCChauveau, JChen, SPChu, MCiapetti, MCindro, VCitterio, MClark, ACobal, MCoelli, SCollot, JCrespo-Lopez, OBetta, GF DallaDaly, CD'Amen, GDann, NDao, VDarbo, GDaVia, CDavid, PDebieux, SDelebecque, PDe Lorenzi, Fde Oliveira, RDette, KDietsche, WDi Girolamo, BDinu, NDittus, FDiyakov, DDjama, FDobos, DDondero, PDoonan, KDopke, JDorholt, ODube, SDzahini, DEgorov, KEhrmann, OEinsweiler, KElles, SElsing, MEraud, LEreditato, AEyring, A2018-05-01During the shutdown of the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2013-2014, an additional pixel layer was installed between the existing Pixel detector of the ATLAS experiment and a new, smaller radius beam pipe. The motivation for this new pixel layer, the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), was to maintain or improve the robustness and performance of the ATLAS tracking system, given the higher instantaneous and integrated luminosities realised following the shutdown. Because of the extreme radiation and collision rate environment, several new radiation-tolerant sensor and electronic technologies were utilised for this layer. This paper reports on the IBL construction and integration prior to its operation in the ATLAS detector.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physicsParticle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vp4840mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9vp4840m/qt9vp4840m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/13/05/t05008articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 13, iss 05t05008 - t05008oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2hd3g92w2026-04-30T22:04:29Zqt2hd3g92wIdentification of genetic loci that control mammary tumor susceptibility through the host microenvironmentZhang, PengjuLo, AlvinHuang, YurongHuang, GeLiang, GuozhouMott, JoniKarpen, Gary HBlakely, Eleanor ABissell, Mina JBarcellos-Hoff, Mary HelenSnijders, Antoine MMao, Jian-Hua2015-01-01The interplay between host genetics, tumor microenvironment and environmental exposure in cancer susceptibility remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the genetic control of stromal mediation of mammary tumor susceptibility to low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) using backcrossed F1 into BALB/c (F1Bx) between cancer susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (SPRET/EiJ) mouse strains. Tumor formation was evaluated after transplantation of non-irradiated Trp53-/- BALB/c mammary gland fragments into cleared fat pads of F1Bx hosts. Genome-wide linkage analysis revealed 2 genetic loci that constitute the baseline susceptibility via host microenvironment. However, once challenged with LDIR, we discovered 13 additional loci that were enriched for genes involved in cytokines, including TGFβ1 signaling. Surprisingly, LDIR-treated F1Bx cohort significantly reduced incidence of mammary tumors from Trp53-/- fragments as well as prolonged tumor latency, compared to sham-treated controls. We demonstrated further that plasma levels of specific cytokines were significantly correlated with tumor latency. Using an ex vivo 3-D assay, we confirmed TGFβ1 as a strong candidate for reduced mammary invasion in SPRET/EiJ, which could explain resistance of this strain to mammary cancer risk following LDIR. Our results open possible new avenues to understand mechanisms of genes operating via the stroma that affect cancer risk from external environmental exposures.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis (for-2020)Women's Health (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Breast Cancer (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Cancer Genomics (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Cell LineTumor (mesh)Cytokines (mesh)Female (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred BALB C (mesh)NeoplasmsRadiation-Induced (mesh)Quantitative Trait Loci (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (mesh)Tumor Microenvironment (mesh)Cell LineTumor (mesh)Animals (mesh)MiceInbred BALB C (mesh)Mice (mesh)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)NeoplasmsRadiation-Induced (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Cytokines (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Quantitative Trait Loci (mesh)Female (mesh)Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (mesh)Tumor Microenvironment (mesh)Animals (mesh)Breast Neoplasms (mesh)Cell LineTumor (mesh)Cytokines (mesh)Female (mesh)Genetic Predisposition to Disease (mesh)Mice (mesh)MiceInbred BALB C (mesh)NeoplasmsRadiation-Induced (mesh)Quantitative Trait Loci (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (mesh)Tumor Microenvironment (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hd3g92whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2hd3g92w/qt2hd3g92w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/srep08919articleScientific Reports, vol 5, iss 18919oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1r8691p92026-04-30T22:04:24Zqt1r8691p9Identification of Coq11, a New Coenzyme Q Biosynthetic Protein in the CoQ-Synthome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae *Allan, Christopher MAwad, Agape MJohnson, Jarrett SShirasaki, Dyna IWang, CharlesBlaby-Haas, Crysten EMerchant, Sabeeha SLoo, Joseph AClarke, Catherine F2015-03-01Coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) is a redox active lipid composed of a fully substituted benzoquinone ring and a polyisoprenoid tail and is required for mitochondrial electron transport. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Q is synthesized by the products of 11 known genes, COQ1-COQ9, YAH1, and ARH1. The function of some of the Coq proteins remains unknown, and several steps in the Q biosynthetic pathway are not fully characterized. Several of the Coq proteins are associated in a macromolecular complex on the matrix face of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and this complex is required for efficient Q synthesis. Here, we further characterize this complex via immunoblotting and proteomic analysis of tandem affinity-purified tagged Coq proteins. We show that Coq8, a putative kinase required for the stability of the Q biosynthetic complex, is associated with a Coq6-containing complex. Additionally Q6 and late stage Q biosynthetic intermediates were also found to co-purify with the complex. A mitochondrial protein of unknown function, encoded by the YLR290C open reading frame, is also identified as a constituent of the complex and is shown to be required for efficient de novo Q biosynthesis. Given its effect on Q synthesis and its association with the biosynthetic complex, we propose that the open reading frame YLR290C be designated COQ11.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Complementary and Integrative Health (rcdc)ChromatographyLiquid (mesh)Proteomics (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Tandem Mass Spectrometry (mesh)Ubiquinone (mesh)Mass Spectrometry (MS)Mitochondrial MetabolismProtein ComplexProteomicsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeUbiquinoneYeastQ Biosynthetic IntermediatesCoenzyme QImmunoprecipitationSaccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Ubiquinone (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)ChromatographyLiquid (mesh)Proteomics (mesh)Tandem Mass Spectrometry (mesh)Coenzyme QImmunoprecipitationMass Spectrometry (MS)Mitochondrial MetabolismProtein ComplexProteomicsQ Biosynthetic IntermediatesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeUbiquinoneYeastChromatographyLiquid (mesh)Proteomics (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Tandem Mass Spectrometry (mesh)Ubiquinone (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiaeUbiquinoneSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsChromatographyLiquidProteomicsTandem Mass Spectrometry03 Chemical Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1r8691p9https://escholarship.org/content/qt1r8691p9/qt1r8691p9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1074/jbc.m114.633131articleJournal of Biological Chemistry, vol 290, iss 127517 - 7534oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3kd7b1qn2026-04-30T22:04:02Zqt3kd7b1qnNew Probe of Cosmic Birefringence Using Galaxy Polarization and ShapesYin, Weichen Winston尹維晨Dai, Liang戴亮Huang, Junwu黄俊午Ji, Lingyuan吉聆远Ferraro, Simone2025-04-25We propose a novel statistical method to measure cosmic birefringence and demonstrate its power in probing parity violation due to axions. Exploiting an empirical correlation between the integrated radio polarization direction of a spiral galaxy and its apparent shape, we devise an unbiased minimum-variance estimator for the rotation angle, which should achieve an uncertainty of 5°-15° per galaxy. Large galaxy samples from the forthcoming SKA continuum surveys, together with optical shape catalogs, promise a comparable or even lower noise power spectrum for the rotation angle than in the CMB Stage-IV (CMB-S4) experiment, with different systematics.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kd7b1qnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3kd7b1qn/qt3kd7b1qn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.134.161001articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 134, iss 16161001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5161h0xn2026-04-30T22:03:58Zqt5161h0xnCo‐Occurring Atmospheric Features and Their Contributions to Precipitation ExtremesTsai, Wei‐MingDuan, SuqinO’Brien, Travis ACatto, Jennifer LUllrich, Paul AZhou, YangLeung, L RubyFeng, ZheBoos, William RSuhas, DLAhmed, FiazNeelin, J David2025-03-16Abstract Object‐based identification algorithms for atmospheric features are commonly utilized to attribute global precipitation. This study employs a systematic approach to examine feature co‐occurrences and their relationships to mean and extreme precipitation. Four features are identified using existing data sets for atmospheric rivers (ARs), mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), low‐pressure systems (LPSs), and fronts (FTs). Often, a single atmospheric phenomenon satisfies the criteria set by multiple feature identification algorithms, yielding an association between precipitation and multiple features. Over the extra‐tropics, the number of features attributed to a single event typically increases with precipitation intensity. Over two‐thirds of the precipitation is from co‐occurring features, with a considerable fraction related to AR‐FT co‐occurrences. Over the tropics, about one‐quarter of precipitation is associated with co‐occurring features, with LPS‐MCS co‐occurrences contributing substantially in monsoon regions. MCSs are the leading single‐feature contributors over tropical land and oceans. In the extra‐tropics, FTs, ARs, and their co‐occurrences account for over half of the total precipitation over oceans. AR‐FT‐MCS and FT‐MCS co‐occurrences contribute to extremes (precipitation exceeding the 95th percentile) over both oceans (over 30%) and land (over 20%). Any combination of features involving MCSs shows a larger contribution to high percentiles of precipitation intensity. A case analysis indicates that AR‐FT‐MCS co‐occurrences exhibit convective instability and deep vertical motion, suggesting that the feature trackers and reanalysis are capturing physics relevant to both convective and frontal systems. The results here emphasize the need for simultaneous identifications of multiple features when attributing precipitation to atmospheric phenomena.
Plain Language Summary This research study examines how different types of weather systems contribute to global precipitation. Instead of studying individual weather systems separately, the study investigates how frequently these systems occur together and how that impacts precipitation. Identification algorithms have been used to pinpoint these co‐occurring systems. The findings indicate that co‐occurring systems are more prevalent over mid‐latitudes than the tropics, and highlight specific weather combinations that significantly contribute to heavy precipitation. For extreme precipitation, combinations such as atmospheric river‐front (FT)‐mesoscale convective system (MCS) and FT‐MCS are vital over oceanic and land regions, respectively. The findings emphasize the importance of simultaneously identifying multiple features to enhance understanding and prediction of rainfall patterns. Additionally, combinations involving MCSs contribute significantly to high percentiles of rainfall intensity. Extra‐tropical MCSs are associated with greater convective instability, as observed in the tropical MCSs.
Key Points Global precipitation variability linked to atmospheric features is systematically analyzed for their co‐occurring instances Contributors to total/extreme precipitation in the tropics and extra‐tropics are highlighted, with the latter dominated by co‐occurring features Features involving mesoscale convective systems have a larger contribution to high percentiles of precipitation intensity37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)precipitationatmospheric featuresextremesobservationsfeature identification0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5161h0xnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5161h0xn/qt5161h0xn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2024jd041687articleJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol 130, iss 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8r00h8gx2026-04-30T22:03:53Zqt8r00h8gxSemi-analytical covariance matrices for two-point correlation function for DESI 2024 dataRashkovetskyi, MForero-Sánchez, Dde Mattia, AEisenstein, DJPadmanabhan, NSeo, HRoss, AJAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OAndrade, UBrooks, DBurtin, EChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADing, ZDoel, PFanning, KFerraro, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGutierrez, GHonscheid, KHowlett, CJuneau, SKremin, ALe Guillou, LManera, MMedina-Varela, LMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNie, JNiz, GPaillas, EPercival, WJPoppett, CPérez-Fernández, ARezaie, MRosado-Marin, ARossi, GRuggeri, RSanchez, ESaulder, CSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GWeaver, BAYu, JZhao, CZou, H2025-01-01We present an optimized way of producing the fast semi-analytical covariance matrices for the Legendre moments of the two-point correlation function, taking into account survey geometry and mimicking the non-Gaussian effects. We validate the approach on simulated (mock) catalogs for different galaxy types, representative of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1, used in 2024 analyses. We find only a few percent differences between the mock sample covariance matrix and our results, which can be expected given the approximate nature of the mocks, although we do identify discrepancies between the shot-noise properties of the DESI fiber assignment algorithm and the faster approximation (emulator) used in the mocks. Importantly, we find a close agreement (≤ 8% relative differences) in the projected errorbars for distance scale parameters for the baryon acoustic oscillation measurements. This confirms our method as an attractive alternative to simulation-based covariance matrices, especially for non-standard models or galaxy sample selections, making it particularly relevant to the broad current and future analyses of DESI data.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSgalaxy clusteringredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r00h8gxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8r00h8gx/qt8r00h8gx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/145articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01145oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4f84v5572026-04-30T22:03:49Zqt4f84v557Evaluating Nuclear Forensic Signatures for Advanced Reactor Deployment: A Research Priority AssessmentSchiferl, Megan NMcLachlan, Jeffrey RPeterson, Appie AMarks, Naomi EAbergel, Rebecca J2024-01-01The development and deployment of a new generation of nuclear reactors necessitates a thorough evaluation of techniques used to characterize nuclear materials for nuclear forensic applications. Advanced fuels proposed for use in these reactors present both challenges and opportunities for the nuclear forensic field. Many efforts in pre-detonation nuclear forensics are currently focused on the analysis of uranium oxides, uranium ore concentrates, and fuel pellets since these materials have historically been found outside of regulatory control. The increasing use of TRISO particles, metal fuels, molten fuel salts, and novel ceramic fuels will require an expansion of the current nuclear forensic suite of signatures to accommodate the different physical dimensions, chemical compositions, and material properties of these advanced fuel forms. In this work, a semi-quantitative priority scoring system is introduced to identify the order in which the nuclear forensics community should pursue research and development on material signatures for advanced reactor designs. This scoring system was applied to propose the following priority ranking of six major advanced reactor categories: (1) molten salt reactor (MSR), (2) liquid metal-cooled reactor (LMR), (3) very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR), (4) fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR), (5) gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR), and (6) supercritical water-cooled reactor (SWCR).40 Engineering (for-2020)4017 Mechanical Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)nuclear forensicsadvanced reactorsfuel cycleforensic signaturespriority scoreCSD-48-NextGen (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f84v557https://escholarship.org/content/qt4f84v557/qt4f84v557.pdfinfo:doi/10.3390/jne5040032articleJournal of Nuclear Engineering, vol 5, iss 4518 - 530oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt81b7h8v12026-04-30T22:03:45Zqt81b7h8v1Decarbonizing the US Energy SystemHendrickson, Thomas PAbhyankar, NikitMohanty, PriyankaMayfield, Kimberley KKirkendall, WhitneyStanley, Alexander JStack, StephenYang, Hung-ChiaSatchwell, Andrew J2024-10-18Recent rapid and unexpected cost reductions in decarbonization technologies have accelerated the cost-effective decarbonization of the US economy, with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions falling by 20% from 2005 to 2020. The literature on US economy-wide decarbonization focuses on maximizing long-term GHG emissions reduction strategies that rely mostly on renewable energy expansion, electrification, and efficiency improvements to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. While these studies provide a valuable foundation, further research is needed to properly support decarbonization policy development and implementation. In this review, we identify key decarbonization analysis gaps and opportunities, including issues related to cross-sectoral linkages, spatial and temporal granularity, consumer behavior, emerging technologies, equity and environmental justice, and political economy. We conclude by discussing the implications of these analysis gaps for US decarbonization pathways and how they relate to challenges facing major global emitters.38 Economics (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)13 Climate Action (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)decarbonizationtechnology adoptionequity and environmental justicepolitical economyEcology (science-metrix)Energy (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/81b7h8v1https://escholarship.org/content/qt81b7h8v1/qt81b7h8v1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-091927articleAnnual Review of Environment and Resources, vol 49, iss 1163 - 189oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0sc1n7472026-04-30T22:03:41Zqt0sc1n747Actinium chelation and crystallization in a macromolecular scaffoldWacker, Jennifer NWoods, Joshua JRupert, Peter BPeterson, AppieAllaire, MarcLukens, Wayne WGaiser, Alyssa NMinasian, Stefan GStrong, Roland KAbergel, Rebecca J2024-01-01Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) pairs the specificity of antigen targeting with the lethality of alpha particles to eradicate cancerous cells. Actinium-225 [225Ac; t1/2 = 9.920(3) days] is an alpha-emitting radioisotope driving the next generation of TAT radiopharmaceuticals. Despite promising clinical results, a fundamental understanding of Ac coordination chemistry lags behind the rest of the Periodic Table due to its limited availability, lack of stable isotopes, and inadequate systems poised to probe the chemical behavior of this radionuclide. In this work, we demonstrate a platform that combines an 8-coordinate synthetic ligand and a mammalian protein to characterize the solution and solid-state behavior of the longest-lived Ac isotope, 227Ac [t1/2 = 21.772(3) years]. We expect these results to direct renewed efforts for 225Ac-TAT development, aid in understanding Ac coordination behavior relative to other +3 lanthanides and actinides, and more broadly inform this element’s position on the Periodic Table.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Radiation Oncology (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Actinium (mesh)Chelating Agents (mesh)Crystallization (mesh)Radiopharmaceuticals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Ligands (mesh)Humans (mesh)Actinium (mesh)Chelating Agents (mesh)Radiopharmaceuticals (mesh)Ligands (mesh)Crystallization (mesh)Actinium (mesh)Chelating Agents (mesh)Crystallization (mesh)Radiopharmaceuticals (mesh)Humans (mesh)Ligands (mesh)CSD-05-HEC-A (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sc1n747https://escholarship.org/content/qt0sc1n747/qt0sc1n747.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-024-50017-5articleNature Communications, vol 15, iss 15741oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt80r4x4cg2026-04-30T22:03:34Zqt80r4x4cgNeedle bacterial community structure across the species range of limber pineCarper, Dana LLawrence, Travis JQuiroz, DianneKueppers, Lara MFrank, A Carolin2024-01-08Bacteria on and inside leaves can influence forest tree health and resilience. The distribution and limits of a tree species' range can be influenced by various factors, with biological interactions among the most significant. We investigated the processes shaping the bacterial needle community across the species distribution of limber pine, a widespread Western conifer inhabiting a range of extreme habitats. We tested four hypotheses: (i) Needle community structure varies across sites, with site-specific factors more important to microbial assembly than host species selection; (ii) dispersal limitation structures foliar communities across the range of limber pine; (iii) the relative significance of dispersal and selection differs across sites in the tree species range; and (iv) needle age structures bacterial communities. We characterized needle communities from the needle surface and tissue of limber pine and co-occurring conifers across 16 sites in the limber pine distribution. Our findings confirmed that site characteristics shape the assembly of bacterial communities across the host species range and showed that these patterns are not driven by dispersal limitation. Furthermore, the strength of selection by the host varied by site, possibly due to differences in available microbes. Our study, by focusing on trees in their natural setting, reveals real needle bacterial dynamics in forests, which is key to understanding the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping forest tree-microbe interactions. Such understanding will be necessary to predict or manipulate these interactions to support forest ecosystem productivity or assist plant migration and adaptation in the face of global change.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)microbiomeneedleconiferphyllosphereendophytesbacteriabacteriaconiferendophytesmicrobiomeneedlephyllosphere3103 Ecology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/80r4x4cghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt80r4x4cg/qt80r4x4cg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/ismeco/ycae062articleISME Communications, vol 4, iss 1ycae062oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8f65546v2026-04-30T22:03:27Zqt8f65546vThe Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) CampaignFeldman, DRAiken, ACBoos, WRCarroll, RWHChandrasekar, VCollis, SCreamean, JMde Boer, GDeems, JDeMott, PJFan, JFlores, ANGochis, DGrover, MHill, TCJHodshire, AHulm, EHume, CCJackson, RJunyent, FKennedy, AKumjian, MLevin, EJTLundquist, JDO’Brien, JRaleigh, MSReithel, JRhoades, ARittger, KRudisill, WSherman, ZSiirila-Woodburn, ESkiles, SMSmith, JNSullivan, RCTheisen, ATuftedal, MVarble, ACWiedlea, AWielandt, SWilliams, KXu, Z2023-12-01Abstract The science of mountainous hydrology spans the atmosphere through the bedrock and inherently crosses physical and disciplinary boundaries: land–atmosphere interactions in complex terrain enhance clouds and precipitation, while watersheds retain and release water over a large range of spatial and temporal scales. Limited observations in complex terrain challenge efforts to improve predictive models of the hydrology in the face of rapid changes. The Upper Colorado River exemplifies these challenges, especially with ongoing mismatches between precipitation, snowpack, and discharge. Consequently, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility has deployed an observatory to the East River Watershed near Crested Butte, Colorado, between September 2021 and June 2023 to measure the main atmospheric drivers of water resources, including precipitation, clouds, winds, aerosols, radiation, temperature, and humidity. This effort, called the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL), is also working in tandem with DOE-sponsored surface and subsurface hydrologists and other federal, state, and local partners. SAIL data can be benchmarks for model development by producing a wide range of observational information on precipitation and its associated processes, including those processes that impact snowpack sublimation and redistribution, aerosol direct radiative effects in the atmosphere and in the snowpack, aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation, and processes controlling surface fluxes of energy and mass. Preliminary data from SAIL’s first year showcase the rich information content in SAIL’s many datastreams and support testing hypotheses that will ultimately improve scientific understanding and predictability of Upper Colorado River hydrology in 2023 and beyond.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)Complex terrainHydrologyMeasurementsAtmosphere-land interactionMountain meteorologyAerosols/particulatesCESD-Climate and Atmospheric Dynamics (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f65546vinfo:doi/10.1175/bams-d-22-0049.1articleBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol 104, iss 12e2192 - e2222oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7q61d9972026-04-30T22:03:21Zqt7q61d997Review of Grid-Scale Energy Storage Technologies Globally and in IndiaMohanty, PriyankaChojkiewicz, EmiliaSarkar, Epica MandalLaumas, RohitSaraf, AkashSatheesh, AvanthikaAbhyankar, Nikit2023-08-14India has set an ambitious target to reach 500 GW of installed non-fossil energy capacity by 2030. However, increasing penetrations of renewables - mostly wind and solar - will require the corresponding deployment of flexible resources - such as energy storage and demand response - to support generation variability. To this regard, alongside rapid demand growth for renewables and electrification, grid-scale energy storage will be key to ensuring power system reliability and resilience in the coming years. Here, we conduct a review of grid-scale energy storage technologies, their technical specifications, current costs and cost projections, supply chain availability, scalability potential, and policy frameworks focused on the Indian market and contextualized in the global landscape.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q61d997https://escholarship.org/content/qt7q61d997/qt7q61d997.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5m3349k02026-04-30T22:03:08Zqt5m3349k0Probing hydrogen-bond networks in plastic crystals with terahertz and infrared spectroscopyLu, WenchaoAmarasinghe, ChandikaZhang, EmilyMartin, AndrewKaur, SumanjeetPrasher, RaviAhmed, Musahid2022-08-01A molecular-level understanding of phase changes in hydrogen-bonded solid-state systems is of great importance in fields spanning thermal science to medical therapeutics. Polyols have recently emerged as prime targets for deployment, given their versatility in phase-induced changes, and occupy a deep space in eutectic solvents. Here, we explore the hydrogen-bond network of neopentyl glycol (NPG) with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection spectroscopy in the far- and mid-infrared regions augmented by electronic structure calculations. A picture emerges where vibrational spectroscopy can exquisitely probe a crystalline to amorphous solid-solid phase transition while spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region provides a molecular picture of the phase transition. These methods are then applied to understand the thermal properties and phase changes in NPG upon incorporation of bis(trifluoromethane)-sulfonimide lithium salt, to demonstrate that vibrational spectroscopy can directly probe the disruption of hydrogen-bond networks in plastic crystals.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)CSD-04-GPCP-A (c-lbnl-label)CSD-46-All CSGB (c-lbnl-label)CSD-17-GPCP-B (c-lbnl-label)CSD-03-CPIMS-A (c-lbnl-label)3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry (for-2020)4009 Electronicssensors and digital hardware (for-2020)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5m3349k0https://escholarship.org/content/qt5m3349k0/qt5m3349k0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100988articleCell Reports Physical Science, vol 3, iss 8100988oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4xh2j90f2026-04-30T22:03:03Zqt4xh2j90fSuperclustering with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Dark Energy Survey. I. Evidence for Thermal Energy Anisotropy Using Oriented StackingLokken, MHložek, Rvan Engelen, AMadhavacheril, MBaxter, EDeRose, JDoux, CPandey, SRykoff, ESStein, GTo, CAbbott, TMCAdhikari, SAguena, MAllam, SAndrade-Oliveira, FAnnis, JBattaglia, NBernstein, GMBertin, EBond, JRBrooks, DCalabrese, ERosell, A CarneroKind, M CarrascoCarretero, JCawthon, RChoi, ACostanzi, MCrocce, Mda Costa, LNda Silva Pereira, MEDe Vicente, JDesai, SDietrich, JPDoel, PDunkley, JEverett, SEvrard, AEFerraro, SFlaugher, BFosalba, PFrieman, JGallardo, PAGarcía-Bellido, JGaztanaga, EGerdes, DWGiannantonio, TGruen, DGruendl, RAGschwend, JGutierrez, GHill, JCHilton, MHincks, ADHinton, SRHollowood, DLHonscheid, KHoyle, BHuang, ZHughes, JPHuterer, DJain, BJames, DJJeltema, TKuehn, KLima, MMaia, MAGMarshall, JLMcMahon, JMelchior, PMenanteau, FMiquel, RMohr, JJMoodley, KMorgan, RNati, FPage, LOgando, RLCPalmese, APaz-Chinchón, FMalagón, AA PlazasPieres, ARomer, AKRozo, ESanchez, EScarpine, VSchillaci, ASchubnell, MSerrano, SSevilla-Noarbe, ISheldon, EShin, TSifón, CSmith, MSoares-Santos, MSuchyta, ESwanson, MECTarle, GThomas, D2022-07-01The cosmic web contains filamentary structure on a wide range of scales. On the largest scales, superclustering aligns multiple galaxy clusters along intercluster bridges, visible through their thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signal in the cosmic microwave background. We demonstrate a new, flexible method to analyze the hot gas signal from multiscale extended structures. We use a Compton y-map from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) stacked on redMaPPer cluster positions from the optical Dark Energy Survey (DES). Cutout images from the y-map are oriented with large-scale structure information from DES galaxy data such that the superclustering signal is aligned before being overlaid. We find evidence of an extended quadrupole moment of the stacked y signal at the 3.5σ level, demonstrating that the large-scale thermal energy surrounding galaxy clusters is anisotropically distributed. We compare our ACT × DES results with the Buzzard simulations, finding broad agreement. Using simulations, we highlight the promise of this novel technique for constraining the evolution of anisotropic, non-Gaussian structure using future combinations of microwave and optical surveys.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh2j90fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4xh2j90f/qt4xh2j90f.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7043articleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 933, iss 2134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2p31v5m02026-04-30T22:02:58Zqt2p31v5m0Cross-correlation of Dark Energy Survey Year 3 lensing data with ACT and Planck thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect observations. I. Measurements, systematics tests, and feedback model constraintsGatti, MPandey, SBaxter, EHill, JCMoser, ERaveri, MFang, XDeRose, JGiannini, GDoux, CHuang, HBattaglia, NAlarcon, AAmon, ABecker, MCampos, AChang, CChen, RChoi, AEckert, KElvin-Poole, JEverett, SFerte, AHarrison, IMaccrann, NMccullough, JMyles, JAlsina, A NavarroPrat, JRollins, RPSanchez, CShin, TTroxel, MTutusaus, IYin, BAbbott, TAguena, MAllam, SAndrade-Oliveira, FAnnis, JBernstein, GBertin, EBolliet, BBond, JRBrooks, DBurke, DLCalabrese, ERosell, A CarneroKind, M CarrascoCarretero, JCawthon, RCostanzi, MCrocce, Mda Costa, LNda Silva Pereira, MEDe Vicente, JDesai, SDiehl, HTDietrich, JPDoel, PDunkley, JEvrard, AEFerraro, SFerrero, IFlaugher, BFosalba, PFrieman, JGarcía-Bellido, JGaztanaga, EGerdes, DWGiannantonio, TGruen, DGruendl, RAGschwend, JGutierrez, GHerner, KHincks, ADHinton, SRHollowood, DLHonscheid, KHughes, JPHuterer, DJain, BJames, DJKrause, EKuehn, KKuropatkin, NLahav, OLidman, CLima, MLokken, MMadhavacheril, MSMaia, MAGMarshall, JLMcmahon, JJMelchior, PMoodley, KMohr, JJMorgan, RNati, F2022-06-15We present a tomographic measurement of the cross-correlation between thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (TSZ) maps from Planck and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and weak galaxy lensing shears measured during the first three years of observations of the Dark Energy Survey. This correlation is sensitive to the thermal energy in baryons over a wide redshift range and is therefore a powerful probe of astrophysical feedback. We detect the correlation at a statistical significance of 21σ, the highest significance to date. We examine the TSZ maps for potential contaminants, including cosmic infrared background and radio sources, finding that cosmic infrared background has a substantial impact on our measurements and must be taken into account in our analysis. We use the cross-correlation measurements to test different feedback models. In particular, we model the TSZ using several different pressure profile models calibrated against hydrodynamical simulations. Our analysis marginalizes over redshift uncertainties, shear calibration biases, and intrinsic alignment effects. We also marginalize over Ωm and σ8 using Planck or DES priors. We find that the data prefer the model with a low amplitude of the pressure profile at small scales, compatible with a scenario with strong active galactic nuclei feedback and ejection of gas from the inner part of the halos. When using a more flexible model for the shear profile, constraints are weaker, and the data cannot discriminate between different baryonic prescriptions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p31v5m0https://escholarship.org/content/qt2p31v5m0/qt2p31v5m0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.105.123525articlePhysical Review D, vol 105, iss 12123525oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0q62r1tc2026-04-30T22:02:54Zqt0q62r1tcExploratory Precipitation Metrics: Spatiotemporal Characteristics, Process-Oriented, and Phenomena-BasedLeung, L RubyBoos, William RCatto, Jennifer LA. DeMott, CharlotteMartin, Gill MNeelin, J DavidO’Brien, Travis AXie, ShaochengFeng, ZheKlingaman, Nicholas PKuo, Yi-HungLee, Robert WMartinez-Villalobos, CristianVishnu, SPriestley, Matthew DKTao, ChengZhou, Yang2022-06-15Abstract Precipitation sustains life and supports human activities, making its prediction one of the most societally relevant challenges in weather and climate modeling. Limitations in modeling precipitation underscore the need for diagnostics and metrics to evaluate precipitation in simulations and predictions. While routine use of basic metrics is important for documenting model skill, more sophisticated diagnostics and metrics aimed at connecting model biases to their sources and revealing precipitation characteristics relevant to how model precipitation is used are critical for improving models and their uses. This paper illustrates examples of exploratory diagnostics and metrics including 1) spatiotemporal characteristics metrics such as diurnal variability, probability of extremes, duration of dry spells, spectral characteristics, and spatiotemporal coherence of precipitation; 2) process-oriented metrics based on the rainfall–moisture coupling and temperature–water vapor environments of precipitation; and 3) phenomena-based metrics focusing on precipitation associated with weather phenomena including low pressure systems, mesoscale convective systems, frontal systems, and atmospheric rivers. Together, these diagnostics and metrics delineate the multifaceted and multiscale nature of precipitation, its relations with the environments, and its generation mechanisms. The metrics are applied to historical simulations from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Models exhibit diverse skill as measured by the suite of metrics, with very few models consistently ranked as top or bottom performers compared to other models in multiple metrics. Analysis of model skill across metrics and models suggests possible relationships among subsets of metrics, motivating the need for more systematic analysis to understand model biases for informing model development.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)13 Climate Action (sdg)PrecipitationClimate modelsDiagnosticsModel evaluationperformance0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0405 Oceanography (for)0909 Geomatic Engineering (for)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)3708 Oceanography (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q62r1tchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0q62r1tc/qt0q62r1tc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0590.1articleJournal of Climate, vol 35, iss 123659 - 3686oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8bx566nm2026-04-30T22:02:15Zqt8bx566nmAssessment of Inter-rater Variability in the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency DepartmentSheele, Johnathan MSt Clair IV, Jesse WZiegler, Edward JMohseni, Michael M2026-04-02Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections diagnosed in the emergency department (ED), yet the urinalysis results can be neither sensitive nor specific for UTI. Our objective was to quantify inter-rater variability of three emergency attending physicians for the clinical diagnosis of UTI, and secondarily to compare the diagnosis made at bedside by the treating clinician with the evaluations of three emergency physician-chart reviewers after the fact.
Methods: Chart reviewers read 18 articles on the diagnosis of UTI before retrospectively evaluating a convenience sample of 473 ED encounters where patients received both a urinalysis and urine culture as part of their ED evaluation. The chart reviewers were blinded to the urine culture results, medications administered and prescribed, and to the treating clinician’s diagnoses. Reviewers were asked to rate the likelihood of UTI based on a 0-4 ordinal scale. A “true positive” UTI occurred when the treating clinician diagnosed the patient with a UTI and the urine culture had ≥10,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of bacteria. We considered a “false positive” to be when the treating clinician diagnosed the patient with a UTI, but the urine culture was < 10,000 CFU/mL of bacteria. A “true negative” occurred when the treating clinician did not diagnose the patient with a UTI, and the urine culture was < 10,000 CFU/mL of bacteria.
Results: Median patient age was 63 years, 355 (75%) were female sex, 409 (86.5%) were White race, and 207 were admitted to the hospital. The inter-rater agreement among the three independent reviewers was high (κ 0.82-0.85) with intraclass coefficient (2,1) = 0.83. However, the reviewers-to-treating clinician agreement was only moderate in the true positives (treating clinician diagnosed patient with a UTI and the patient had a positive urine culture) and lowest in the false positives (treating clinician diagnosed the patient with a UTI, but the urine culture was < 10,000 CFU/mL with κ values of 0.44 and 0.21, respectively). The variables associated with consensus among reviewers were nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and higher urine white blood cells.
Conclusion: There was high consensus among reviewers about the likelihood of a urinary tract infection, but lower consensus when comparing reviewers’ impressions with those of the treating clinician. At bedside emergency clinicians were more likely to diagnose a UTI with a resultant negative urine culture. Further research is needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of UTI in the emergency department.urinary tract infection (UTI)inter-rater reliability (IRR)Emergency Department (ED)concordancediscordanceDiagnosisurinalysisUrinary Tract InfectionUrine Cultureapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bx566nmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8bx566nm/qt8bx566nm.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.53012articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 0, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0nf135jk2026-04-30T21:59:36Zqt0nf135jkPathways for Electrification of South Asia’s Transportation SectorDeorah, Shruti MKhandekar, AdityaRajagopal, DeepakAbhyankar, Nikit2022-03-30In this policy brief, we summarize insights from recent studies on decarbonization pathways for the transportation sector in South Asia, particularly India. Lithium-ion battery prices have declined sharply over the last ten years. Therefore, in the short-to-medium term, battery-electric drivetrains are a cost effective alternative to petrol and diesel combustion engines. Electrification of transport would have immense environmental benefits for South Asia, which is home to 42 out of the top 50 world's most polluted cities. Given that oil consumption in India is dominated by heavy-duty-vehicles (HDVs), we focus on techno-economics of trucks and buses, along with high-mileage commercial vehicles such as app-based taxi services. We conclude that truck, intra-city and inter-city buses are already cheaper on the basis of total cost of ownership (TCO) over the lifetime of the vehicle. We describe the current policy scenario, challenges and outline recommendations for accelerating deployment of electric vehicles.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nf135jkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0nf135jk/qt0nf135jk.pdfnon_textualoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6f7470b72026-04-30T21:59:32Zqt6f7470b7Feasibility and Impact of Biomass and Renewable Energy Hybrid SystemsKhandekar, AdityaDeorah, Shruti MAbhyankar, Nikit2022-03-30This study aims to assess the techno-economic potential of biomass and hybrid biomass-RE systems for India’s evolving grid by considering the biomass supply chain, fuel availability, and technical operation constraints. It estimates the potential value of biomass-based power plants to the Indian grid in 2030, with high RE penetration, and evaluates the capability of biomass-based power plants to provide the necessary grid balancing services that would be required. We conclude that biomass plants can add significant value to the system in terms of capacity and energy while improving the overall affordability, stability, and reliability of grid power. Biomass-based systems would significantly improve the capacity value of India’s 2030 projected RE resource mix (450 GW of solar-plus-wind installed capacity). However, the total value to the grid would be lower than the levelized cost of new systems without accounting for environmental and waste management benefits. If streamlining the supply chain could reduce biomass fuel costs, and hence variable costs, the economics could be more favorable.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f7470b7https://escholarship.org/content/qt6f7470b7/qt6f7470b7.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9j62v6xt2026-04-30T21:59:27Zqt9j62v6xtElectricity demand in South Asia – data gaps and pathways for research and modelingKarali, NihanDeorah, ShrutiAbhyankar, Nikit2022-02-28South Asia is one of the fastest growing regions - economically and energy-wise in the world. However, there are significant uncertainties in how the energy demand would grow given the rapidly rising incomes, urbanization, industrialization, access to energy, warming climate and technological change. The transition to clean energy in the region is a priority and is critical to limiting emissions in the region and increasing regional energy security. The power sector will play an important role in decarbonization of energy systems, lowering emissions in other sectors through electrification. However, as existing end uses are scaled up more and new end uses are electrified, the temporal and spatial patterns of electricity consumption could change. These changes have implications for the magnitude, shape, and timing of peak demand, which in turn affects the power sector’s investments and operations, and ability to provide reliable power.
In this report, we outline key uncertainties in demand growth that South Asian countries would face in the near to medium term, along with summarizing insights from stakeholder consultations we held over the past 6 months.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9j62v6xthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9j62v6xt/qt9j62v6xt.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3df8m7mr2026-04-30T21:59:21Zqt3df8m7mrAssessing the Key Requirements for 450 GW of Renewable Capacity in India by 2030Deorah, Shruti MAbhyankar, NikitArora, SiddharthChawla, KanikaPhadke, Amol A2021-12-23In this policy brief, we assess the prerequisites for India to achieve 450 GW of solar and wind cumulative installed capacity by 2030. We examine requirements such as availability of land, new transmission buildout, financing and pace of deployment, as well as the impact on grid reliability and cost of generation. We also examine the impact of policies promoting domestic manufacturing.
Deploying 307 GW of solar and 142 GW of wind capacity would use only about 1.25% of land that is categorized as barren or waste, which is equivalent to about 0.22% of the total land area in India. Because of the good solar resource across large swaths of India, the solar energy buildout—and thus the land use—potentially can be spread out. India would need about 280 GW of new interstate transmission capacity by 2030, a little over double the transmission expansion that has already been planned through 2025. However, most of the new transmission buildout is driven by the near doubling of electricity demand between 2020 and 2030.
The total investment needed (in generation and storage resources) to realize this target is around USD 26.5 billion annually, which is 20% lower than the annual investment in India’s power sector across all generation resources between 2015 and 2019. We estimate that using domestically manufactured panels instead of imported panels may increase solar PPA prices by about 10%–15% in the medium term, but solar power would still be a cost-effective way to meet growing demand instead of building new fossil fuel-based power plants, because the price of electricity from solar plants has fallen below the variable cost of most existing coal units. To reach this target, India would need to build about 35–40 GW of solar and wind capacity every year in this decade. India’s power sector achieved a pace of capacity addition of 22 GW per year in the previous decade (including thermal and renewable). Policy and regulatory measures would be needed to increase the pace of deployment.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3df8m7mrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3df8m7mr/qt3df8m7mr.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2dq3589s2026-04-30T21:59:17Zqt2dq3589sPolicy and Regulatory Recommendations to Support a Least-Cost Pathway for India’s Power SectorKahrl, FredrichDeorah, Shruti MAlagappan, LakshmiSotkiewicz, Paul MAbhyankar, Nikit2021-12-23National modeling by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) found that least-cost, operationally feasible pathways for India’s power sector through 2030 consist primarily of investments in renewable energy and flexible resources (with limited additions to coal capacity), including: renewable generation (450-530 GWDC solar and wind, 15 GW other RE), energy storage (60-85 GW), load shifting (60 GW), interstate transmission (140 GW), more flexible operation of existing natural gas generation (25 GW), and development of a more liquid national electricity market. The LBNL national study illustrates that with increases in power system flexibility, India can meet — or even exceed — Prime Minister Modi’s announced target of 450 GW of installed renewable energy capacity by 2030, while reducing costs and increasing power system reliability.
While the modeling study provides a long-term vision, policy and regulatory changes would be needed to achieve that vision, and our recommendations focus on three main areas: resource adequacy (RA), state resource planning and procurement, and short-term markets and system operations. Well-designed system planning and RA frameworks, coordinated with state-level resource planning and procurement and supported by electricity markets, are critical to scaling renewables deployment with less curtailment and less financial and operational stress on conventional assets.
System planning and RA frameworks can help facilitate generation capacity sharing among states, increasing utilization of existing generation assets. They also ensure that electricity supply remains reliable and resilient in response to extreme weather events (e.g., heat and cold waves) and as higher capacities of variable renewable generation are added to the Indian electricity system. Enhancing state-level resource planning and procurement practices would enable states/Discoms to construct least-cost portfolios of renewable, thermal, and storage resources that meet national RA requirements. Electricity markets and system operations provide the connective tissue, assuring that all planned and procured RA capacity will be available when needed and will be operated when economic to do so. In the longer term, markets must be more closely aligned with real-time operations and facilitate energy storage participation.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dq3589shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2dq3589s/qt2dq3589s.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1pr6t4fn2026-04-30T21:59:13Zqt1pr6t4fnLeast-Cost Pathway for India’s Power System Investments through 2030Abhyankar, NikitDeorah, Shruti MPhadke, Amol A2021-12-23This study assesses a least-cost and operationally feasible pathway for India’s electricity grid through 2030 that validates—and surpasses—India’s 2030 target of 500 GW of installed non-fossil capacity. Using the latest cost trends, an industry-standard power system modeling platform (PLEXOS), and exhaustive analytical methods (optimal capacity expansion and hourly grid dispatch), we find that the least-cost resource mix to meet India’s load in 2030 (the “Primary Least Cost Case”) consists primarily of a combination of RE and flexible resources as follows: 465 GW of RE (307 GWDC solar, 142 GW wind, and 15 GW other RE), 63 GW (252 GWh) of battery storage, 60 GW of load shifting to solar hours (50 GW agricultural + 10 GW industrial), and flexible operation of the existing natural gas fleet of 25 GW. A coal power plant capacity of 229 GW (23 GW net addition over 2020) is found to be cost-effective. The study shows that between 2020 and 2030 the average cost of electricity generation drops by nearly 8-10%. In addition, despite a near doubling of electricity demand between 2020 and 2030, the emissions intensity of electricity generation drops by 43-50%, while total CO2 emissions from the power sector stay almost the same as 2020 levels. India’s coal consumption in the power sector by 2030 is comparable to the 2020 level, implying that the clean energy transition may not lead to loss of coal mining/supply chain jobs in the near to medium term, potentially giving India sufficient time to prepare for a long-term transition. For India to achieve the least-cost resource mix indicated in this study, critical policy and regulatory changes such as a long-term resource adequacy framework for system planning and procurement, a regulatory framework for energy storage that values its full functionality, and natural gas reforms that promote flexible and efficient operations of the gas pipelines and power plants should be implemented.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pr6t4fnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1pr6t4fn/qt1pr6t4fn.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt42f5v1h42026-04-30T21:59:08Zqt42f5v1h4Constraining Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature Evolution With Sunyaev–Zel’Dovich Galaxy Clusters from the Atacama Cosmology TelescopeLi, YunyangHincks, Adam DAmodeo, StefaniaBattistelli, Elia SBond, J RichardCalabrese, ErminiaChoi, Steve KDevlin, Mark JDunkley, JoFerraro, SimoneGluscevic, VeraGuan, YilunHalpern, MarkHilton, MattHlozek, ReneeMarriage, Tobias AMcMahon, JeffMoodley, KavilanNaess, SigurdNati, FedericoNiemack, Michael DOrlowski-Scherer, JohnPage, LymanPartridge, BruceSalatino, MariaSchaan, EmmanuelSchillaci, AlessandroSehgal, NeelimaSifón, CristóbalStaggs, Suzanne Tvan Engelen, AlexanderWollack, Edward JXu, Zhilei2021-12-01The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect introduces a specific distortion of the blackbody spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation when it scatters off hot gas in clusters of galaxies. The frequency dependence of the distortion is only independent of the cluster redshift when the evolution of the CMB radiation is adiabatic. Using 370 clusters within the redshift range 0.07 ≲ z ≲ 1.4 from the largest SZ-selected cluster sample to date from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, we provide new constraints on the deviation of CMB temperature evolution from the standard model α=0.017−0.032+0.029 , where T(z)=T01+z1−α . This result is consistent with no deviation from the standard adiabatic model. Combining it with previous, independent data sets we obtain a joint constraint of α = −0.001 ± 0.012. Attributing deviation from adiabaticity to the decay of dark energy, this result constrains its effective equation of state weff=−0.998−0.010+0.008 .5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/42f5v1h4https://escholarship.org/content/qt42f5v1h4/qt42f5v1h4.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ac26b6articleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 922, iss 2136oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt24x7f9j42026-04-30T21:59:02Zqt24x7f9j4Upper‐Tropospheric Troughs and North American Monsoon Rainfall in a Long‐Term Track DatasetIgel, Matthew RUllrich, Paul ABoos, William R2021-10-27Abstract The North American monsoon is frequently affected by transient, propagating upper tropospheric vorticity anomalies. Sometimes called Tropical Upper‐Tropospheric Troughs (TUTTs), these features have been claimed to episodically enhance monsoon rainfall. Here, we track long‐lived TUTTs in 40 years of reanalysis data, producing composites and case studies from 340 TUTTs which last, on average, 7 days as they move westward across the North American monsoon region. TUTTs are thought to form from midlatitude Rossby wave breaking; case studies from our dataset support this theory. TUTTs move westward within the easterly upper‐level flow in which they are embedded. In vortex‐centered composites along the full tracks of long‐lived TUTTs, we find no detectable increase in rainfall within the main TUTT circulation. Instead, negative precipitation anomalies lie within about 500 km of the TUTT center. Quasi‐geostrophic ascent occurs in the southeast quadrant of TUTTs but is confined to the upper troposphere and does not appear to interact with precipitation. Positive anomalies of ascent and rainfall occur south and southeast of TUTTs but lie outside the main TUTT vortex, perhaps indicating concurrent variations in nearby climatological precipitation maxima. In contrast with previous case studies and subjective analyses that showed TUTTs enhance precipitation in parts of northwestern Mexico, our composites along the tracks of long‐lived TUTTs portray these systems, to first order, as strong vorticity anomalies trapped in the upper troposphere that interact only weakly and indirectly with precipitation.
Key Points Upper‐tropospheric troughs over southwest North America are identified in an atmospheric reanalysis, yielding a 40‐year track dataset Tropical upper‐tropospheric troughs weakly but negatively affect North American Monsoon precipitation intensity in the trough center When composited along the TUTT track, enhanced precipitation falls outside the main TUTT circulation37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3708 Oceanography (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/24x7f9j4https://escholarship.org/content/qt24x7f9j4/qt24x7f9j4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2021jd034541articleJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol 126, iss 20oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4dm7f39x2026-04-30T21:58:56Zqt4dm7f39xMetadata Schemas and Ontologies for Building Energy Applications: A Critical Review and Use Case AnalysisPritoni, MarcoPaine, DrewFierro, GabrielMosiman, CoryPoplawski, MichaelSaha, AvijitBender, JoelGranderson, Jessica2021-01-01Digital and intelligent buildings are critical to realizing efficient building energy operations and a smart grid. With the increasing digitalization of processes throughout the life cycle of buildings, data exchanged between stakeholders and between building systems have grown significantly. However, a lack of semantic interoperability between data in different systems is still prevalent and hinders the development of energy-oriented applications that can be reused across buildings, limiting the scalability of innovative solutions. Addressing this challenge, our review paper systematically reviews metadata schemas and ontologies that are at the foundation of semantic interoperability necessary to move toward improved building energy operations. The review finds 40 schemas that span different phases of the building life cycle, most of which cover commercial building operations and, in particular, control and monitoring systems. The paper’s deeper review and analysis of five popular schemas identify several gaps in their ability to fully facilitate the work of a building modeler attempting to support three use cases: energy audits, automated fault detection and diagnosis, and optimal control. Our findings demonstrate that building modelers focused on energy use cases will find it difficult, labor intensive, and costly to create, sustain, and use semantic models with existing ontologies. This underscores the significant work still to be done to enable interoperable, usable, and maintainable building models. We make three recommendations for future work by the building modeling and energy communities: a centralized repository with a search engine for relevant schemas, the development of more use cases, and better harmonization and standardization of schemas in collaboration with industry to facilitate their adoption by stakeholders addressing varied energy-focused use cases.33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)3302 Building (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)11 Sustainable Cities and Communities (sdg)smart buildingsemantic modelontologymetadataenergy auditfault detection and diagnosticsoptimal control02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)33 Built environment and design (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dm7f39xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4dm7f39x/qt4dm7f39x.pdfinfo:doi/10.3390/en14072024articleEnergies, vol 14, iss 72024oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt11g1w2vc2026-04-30T21:58:52Zqt11g1w2vcEmpirical Assessment of the Appliance-Level Load Shape and Demand Response Potential in IndiaKarali, NihanAbhyankar, NikitKhandekar, Aditya2022-12-23Over the next 15 years, electricity demand from the key residential and commercial appliances is projected to be nearly 300
GW or ~65% of India’s total peak demand. The objective of this study is to characterize appliance level demand and temporal
variation, and identify the overall DR potential in India. We use Bangalore Electricity Supply Company territory (peak load of
3,505 MW in 2016) as a case study, using actual one-minute resolution load data for 2,979 distribution feeders and a detailed
load survey. Our results show that agricultural pumping and space cooling (residential, commercial, and industrial) are the main
contributors to the peak demand – with shares of 23-27% and 14-23%, respectively. Both sectors have about 1,000 MW of DR
potential – agricultural pumps offering load shifting service while space cooling offering shimmy service that is capable of
dynamically adjusting to react to short-run ramps and grid disturbances. Residential electric water heaters contribute nearly
18% of the winter morning peak demand and can also offer about 500 MW in shimmy service. Overall, we find that shifting
and shimmy services offer 1,199 MW and 1,511 MW total DR potential, respectively.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/11g1w2vchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt11g1w2vc/qt11g1w2vc.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4wz3m5nc2026-04-30T21:58:48Zqt4wz3m5ncSolar Desalination Using Thermally Responsive Ionic Liquids Regenerated with a Photonic HeaterHaddad, Andrew ZMenon, Akanksha KKang, HyungmookUrban, Jeffrey JPrasher, Ravi SKostecki, Robert2021-03-02Growing global water demand has brought desalination technologies to the forefront for freshwater production from nontraditional water sources. Among these, forward osmosis (FO) is a promising two-step desalination process (draw dilution and regeneration), but it is often overlooked due to the energy requirements associated with draw regeneration. To address this limiting factor, we demonstrate FO desalination using thermally responsive ionic liquids (ILs) that are regenerated using a renewable energy input, that is, solar heat. To efficiently harness sunlight, a simple photonic heater converts incoming irradiation into infrared wavelengths that are directly absorbed by IL-water mixtures, thereby inducing phase separation to yield clean water. This approach is markedly different as it uses radiative heating, a noncontact mode of heat transfer that couples to chemical functional groups within the IL for rapid energy transfer without a heat exchanger or secondary fluid. Overall, a solar-thermal separation efficiency of 50% is achieved under unconcentrated sunlight, which can be increased to 69% with the thermal design. Successful desalination of produced water from oil wells in Southern California highlights the potential of solar-powered IL-FO for energy-efficient and low-cost desalination of complex brines for beneficial water reuse.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Regenerative Medicine (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)6 Clean Water and Sanitation (sdg)Ionic Liquids (mesh)Osmosis (mesh)Sunlight (mesh)Water (mesh)Water Purification (mesh)Water (mesh)Sunlight (mesh)Water Purification (mesh)Osmosis (mesh)Ionic Liquids (mesh)Ionic Liquids (mesh)Osmosis (mesh)Sunlight (mesh)Water (mesh)Water Purification (mesh)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wz3m5nchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4wz3m5nc/qt4wz3m5nc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.est.0c06232articleEnvironmental Science and Technology, vol 55, iss 53260 - 3269oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2853b6wd2026-04-30T21:58:44Zqt2853b6wdA reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadataEly, Kim SRogers, AlistairAgarwal, Deborah AAinsworth, Elizabeth AAlbert, Loren PAli, AshehadAnderson, JeremiahAspinwall, Michael JBellasio, ChandraBernacchi, CarlBonnage, SteveBuckley, Thomas NBunce, JamesBurnett, Angela CBusch, Florian ACavanagh, AmandaCernusak, Lucas ACrystal-Ornelas, RobertDamerow, JoanDavidson, Kenneth JDe Kauwe, Martin GDietze, Michael CDomingues, Tomas FDusenge, Mirindi EricEllsworth, David SEvans, John RGauthier, Paul PGGimenez, Bruno OGordon, Elizabeth PGough, Christopher MHalbritter, Aud HHanson, David THeskel, MaryHogan, J AaronHupp, Jason RJardine, KolbyKattge, JensKeenan, TrevorKromdijk, JohannesKumarathunge, Dushan PLamour, JulienLeakey, Andrew DBLeBauer, David SLi, QianyuLundgren, Marjorie RMcDowell, NateMeacham-Hensold, KatherineMedlyn, Belinda EMoore, David JPNegrón-Juárez, RobinsonNiinemets, ÜloOsborne, Colin PPivovaroff, Alexandria LPoorter, HendrikReed, Sasha CRyu, YoungryelSanz-Saez, AlvaroSchmiege, Stephanie CSerbin, Shawn PSharkey, Thomas DSlot, MartijnSmith, Nicholas GSonawane, Balasaheb VSouth, Paul FSouza, Daisy CStinziano, Joseph RonaldStuart-Haëntjens, EllenTaylor, Samuel HTejera, Mauricio DUddling, JohanVandvik, VigdisVaradharajan, CharulekaWalker, Anthony PWalker, Berkley JWarren, Jeffrey MWay, Danielle AWolfe, Brett TWu, JinWullschleger, Stan DXu, ChonggangYan, ZhengbingYang, Dedi2021-03-01Leaf-level gas exchange data support the mechanistic understanding of plant fluxes of carbon and water. These fluxes inform our understanding of ecosystem function, are an important constraint on parameterization of terrestrial biosphere models, are necessary to understand the response of plants to global environmental change, and are integral to efforts to improve crop production. Collection of these data using gas analyzers can be both technically challenging and time consuming, and individual studies generally focus on a small range of species, restricted time periods, or limited geographic regions. The high value of these data is exemplified by the many publications that reuse and synthesize gas exchange data, however the lack of metadata and data reporting conventions make full and efficient use of these data difficult. Here we propose a reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata to provide guidance to data contributors on how to store data in repositories to maximize their discoverability, facilitate their efficient reuse, and add value to individual datasets. For data users, the reporting format will better allow data repositories to optimize data search and extraction, and more readily integrate similar data into harmonized synthesis products. The reporting format specifies data table variable naming and unit conventions, as well as metadata characterizing experimental conditions and protocols. For common data types that were the focus of this initial version of the reporting format, i.e., survey measurements, dark respiration, carbon dioxide and light response curves, and parameters derived from those measurements, we took a further step of defining required additional data and metadata that would maximize the potential reuse of those data types. To aid data contributors and the development of data ingest tools by data repositories we provided a translation table comparing the outputs of common gas exchange instruments. Extensive consultation with data collectors, data users, instrument manufacturers, and data scientists was undertaken in order to ensure that the reporting format met community needs. The reporting format presented here is intended to form a foundation for future development that will incorporate additional data types and variables as gas exchange systems and measurement approaches advance in the future. The reporting format is published in the U.S. Department of Energy's ESS-DIVE data repository, with documentation and future development efforts being maintained in a version control system.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)PhotosynthesisCarbon dioxideIrradianceData reporting formatMetadataData standard06 Biological Sciences (for)08 Information and Computing Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2853b6wdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2853b6wd/qt2853b6wd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101232articleEcological Informatics, vol 61101232oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt14v431ps2026-04-30T21:58:38Zqt14v431psReduced grid operating costs and renewable energy curtailment with electric vehicle charge managementSzinai, Julia KSheppard, Colin JRAbhyankar, NikitGopal, Anand R2020-01-01Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and renewable energy (RE) can help to jointly decarbonize the transportation and electricity sectors. Previous studies indicate strategies to manage PEV charging facilitate integration of RE into electricity grids, but the value of such strategies at scale is unclear because electricity markets and PEV charging have been inadequately represented together. This analysis focuses on the state of California in 2025, and improves on prior work by linking high-resolution mobility and grid dispatch models to quantify the value of managed charging under a 50% RE grid and PEV adoption scenarios up to California's 5 million vehicle target. Even after accounting for practical charging and grid constraints, 0.95 to 5 million “smart” charging PEVs avoid $120 to $690 million in California grid operating costs annually (up to 10% of total costs) and reduce RE curtailment up to 40% relative to unmanaged PEVs. Overnight time-of-use (TOU) charging provides similar cost savings but increases curtailment. Both of these managed strategies defer system infrastructure expansion at the 5 million PEV deployment. The results suggest residential smart charging complemented by TOU tariffs with added daytime periods are policies with most potential to advance California's dual PEV and RE goals.33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)3304 Urban and Regional Planning (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)Plug-in electric vehiclesMobility modelElectricity gridRenewable energySmart chargingTime-of-use electricity rateEnergy (science-metrix)3304 Urban and regional planning (for-2020)4407 Policy and administration (for-2020)4802 Environmental and resources law (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/14v431pshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt14v431ps/qt14v431ps.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111051articleEnergy Policy, vol 136111051oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2fz5s6cm2026-04-30T21:58:22Zqt2fz5s6cmAqueous Diels–Alder reactions for thermochemical storage and heat transfer fluids identified using density functional theorySpotte‐Smith, Evan Walter ClarkYu, PeiyuanBlau, Samuel MPrasher, Ravi SJain, Anubhav2020-09-15Thermal storage and transfer fluids have important applications in industrial, transportation, and domestic settings. Current thermal fluids have relatively low specific heats, often significantly below that of water. However, by introducing a thermochemical reaction to a base fluid, it is possible to enhance the fluid's thermal properties. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) is used to screen Diels-Alder reactions for use in aqueous thermal fluids. From an initial set of 52 reactions, four are identified with moderate aqueous solubility and predicted turning temperature near the liquid region of water. These reactions are selectively modified through 60 total functional group substitutions to produce novel reactions with improved solubility and thermal properties. Among the reactions generated by functional group substitution, seven have promising predicted thermal properties, significantly improving specific heat (by as much as 30.5%) and energy storage density (by as much as 4.9%) compared to pure water.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)cycloadditiondensity functional theoryDiels-Alderthermal storagethermochemicalDiels-Aldercycloadditiondensity functional theorythermal storagethermochemical0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)0307 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for)1007 Nanotechnology (for)Chemical Physics (science-metrix)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and computational chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fz5s6cmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2fz5s6cm/qt2fz5s6cm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/jcc.26378articleJournal of Computational Chemistry, vol 41, iss 242137 - 2150oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5hw551rf2026-04-30T21:58:18Zqt5hw551rfLower bias, lower noise CMB lensing with foreground-hardened estimatorsSailer, NoahSchaan, EmmanuelFerraro, Simone2020-09-15Extragalactic foregrounds in temperature maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) severely limit the ability of standard estimators to reconstruct the weak lensing potential. These foregrounds are not fully removable by multifrequency cleaning or masking and can lead to large biases if not properly accounted for. For foregrounds made of a number of unclustered point sources, an estimator for the source amplitude can be derived and deprojected, removing any bias to the lensing reconstruction. We show with simulations that all of the extragalactic foregrounds in temperature can be approximated by a collection of sources with identical profiles, and that a simple bias hardening technique is effective at reducing any bias to lensing, at a minimal noise cost. We compare the performance and bias to other methods such as “shear-only” reconstruction, and discuss how to jointly deproject any arbitrary number of foregrounds, each with an arbitrary profile. In particular, for a Simons Observatory-like experiment foreground-hardened estimators allow us to extend the maximum multipole used in the reconstruction, increasing the overall statistical power by ∼50% over the standard quadratic estimator, both in auto and cross-correlation. We conclude that source hardening outperforms the standard lensing quadratic estimator both in auto- and cross-correlation, and in terms of lensing signal-to-noise and foreground bias.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.COastro-ph.COapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hw551rfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5hw551rf/qt5hw551rf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.102.063517articlePhysical Review D, vol 102, iss 6063517oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3sh394nv2026-04-30T21:58:04Zqt3sh394nvImproving fuel efficiency for heavy-duty vehicles of 3.5–12 tonnes in India: Benefits, costs, and environmental impactsKarali, nihanAbhyankar, NikitSharpe, benBandivadekar, anup2019-02-28This report examines how deploying fuel-saving technologies for new heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) with gross vehicle weights (GVWs) of 3.5 to 12 tonnes in India could reduce petroleum consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Such HDVs play a vital role in India’s economic growth, but they also consume substantial fuel and produce major environmental impacts. Analyzing the efficiency improvement potential for this category of vehicles helps clarify the potential impacts of fuel efficiency and emission standards for all HDVs in India, the home of 18 of the world’s 100 worst pollution-affected cities (WHO, 2018). This report builds on a previous analysis of Indian heavy-duty vehicles over 12 tonnes.IndiaHeavy duty vehiclesFuel efficiencyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sh394nvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3sh394nv/qt3sh394nv.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7d64m1cd2026-04-30T21:57:58Zqt7d64m1cdThe Case for All New City Buses in India to be ElectricKhandekar, AdityaRajagopal, DeepakAbhyankar, NikitDeorah, ShrutiPhadke, Amol2018-12-07Indian cities are struggling to keep the air breathable for inhabitants, due in part to emissions from diesel buses. While the case for electric buses, and more generally, zero emission buses, has always been clear from an urban air pollution perspective, the economic case depended strongly on their environmental benefits. However, the situation seems different today.
We illustrate that when the benefits of recent dramatic declines in Lithium battery prices are fully realized, the total cost of ownership of urban (intra-city) electric buses is lower than that for diesel buses in India even without subsidies. Factoring in the air quality benefits, projected reductions in the cost of batteries and solar electricity, it becomes evident that transitioning to an all-electric bus fleet presents an enormous opportunity for India to reduce urban air pollution while improving the finances of urban bus transit agencies. The policy ecosystem that delivered substantial price reductions and large-scale rapid deployment of solar PV and LEDs is a model to achieve similar outcomes for battery electric buses. Well-designed high volume auctions and clear long term ambitious targets could achieve rapid electrification with little net public subsidy in the long-run.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d64m1cdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7d64m1cd/qt7d64m1cd.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt26j1d9w22026-04-30T21:57:53Zqt26j1d9w2Bringing Data Science to Qualitative AnalysisCheah, You-WeiPaine, DrewGhoshal, DevarshiRamakrishnan, Lavanya2018-10-01Qualitative user research is a human-intensive approach that draws upon ethnographic methods from social sciences to develop insights about work practices to inform software design and development. Recent advances in data science, and in particular, natural language processing (NLP), enables the derivation of machine-generated insights to augment existing techniques. Our work describes our prototype framework based in Jupyter, a software tool that supports interactive data science and scientific computing, that leverages NLP techniques to make sense of transcribed texts from user interviews. This work also serves as a starting point for incorporating data science techniques in the qualitative analyses process.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4608 Human-Centred Computing (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/26j1d9w2https://escholarship.org/content/qt26j1d9w2/qt26j1d9w2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/escience.2018.00076article2018 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-SCIENCE (E-SCIENCE 2018)325 - 326oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt79v9b13m2026-04-30T21:57:48Zqt79v9b13mForeground-Immune Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing with Shear-Only ReconstructionSchaan, EmmanuelFerraro, Simone2019-05-10Cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing from current and upcoming wide-field CMB experiments such as AdvACT, SPT-3G and Simons Observatory relies heavily on temperature (versus polarization). In this regime, foreground contamination to the temperature map produces significant lensing biases, which cannot be fully controlled by multifrequency component separation, masking, or bias hardening. In this Letter, we split the standard CMB lensing quadratic estimator into a new set of optimal "multipole" estimators. On large scales, these multipole estimators reduce to the known magnification and shear estimators, and a new shear B-mode estimator. We leverage the different symmetries of the lensed CMB and extragalactic foregrounds to argue that the shear-only estimator should be approximately immune to extragalactic foregrounds. We build a new method to compute, separately and without noise, the primary, secondary, and trispectrum biases to CMB lensing from foreground simulations. Using this method, we demonstrate that the shear estimator is, indeed, insensitive to extragalactic foregrounds, even when applied to a single-frequency temperature map contaminated with cosmic infrared background, thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich, kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich, and radio point sources. This dramatic reduction in foreground biases allows us to include higher temperature multipoles than with the standard quadratic estimator, thus, increasing the total lensing signal-to-noise ratio beyond the quadratic estimator. In addition, magnification-only and shear B-mode estimators provide useful diagnostics for potential residuals.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.COastro-ph.CO01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/79v9b13mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt79v9b13m/qt79v9b13m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.122.181301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 122, iss 18181301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9853923d2026-04-30T21:57:44Zqt9853923dBacterial endophyte communities in Pinus flexilis are structured by host age, tissue type, and environmental factorsCarper, Dana LCarrell, Alyssa AKueppers, Lara MFrank, A Carolin2018-07-01Background and aimsForest tree microbiomes are important to forest dynamics, diversity, and ecosystem processes. Mature limber pines (Pinus flexilis) host a core microbiome of acetic acid bacteria in their foliage, but the bacterial endophyte community structure, variation, and assembly across tree ontogeny is unknown. The aims of this study were to test if the core microbiome observed in adult P. flexilis is established at the seedling stage, if seedlings host different endophyte communities in root and shoot tissues, and how environmental factors structure seedling endophyte communities.MethodsThe 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize the bacterial endophyte communities in roots and shoots of P. flexilis seedlings grown in plots at three elevations at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, subjected to experimental treatments (watering and heating). The data was compared to previously sequenced endophyte communities from adult tree foliage sampled in the same year and location.ResultsSeedling shoots hosted a different core microbiome than adult tree foliage and were dominated by a few OTUs in the family Oxalobacteraceae, identical or closely related to strains with antifungal activity. Shoot and root communities significantly differed from each other but shared major OTUs. Watering but not warming restructured the seedling endophyte communities.ConclusionsThe results suggest differences in assembly and ecological function across conifer life stages. Seedlings may recruit endophytes to protect against fungi under increased soil moisture.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)16S rRNAEndophytic bacteriaPinus flexilisClimate changeConifers05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Agronomy & Agriculture (science-metrix)30 Agriculturalveterinary and food sciences (for-2020)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9853923dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9853923d/qt9853923d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s11104-018-3682-xarticlePlant and Soil, vol 428, iss 1-2335 - 352oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1ht104562026-04-30T21:57:40Zqt1ht10456Weak lensing of intensity mapping: The cosmic infrared backgroundSchaan, EmmanuelFerraro, SimoneSpergel, David N2018-06-15Gravitational lensing deflects the paths of cosmic infrared background (CIB) photons, leaving a measurable imprint on CIB maps. The resulting statistical anisotropy can be used to reconstruct the matter distribution out to the redshifts of CIB sources. To this end, we generalize the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing quadratic estimator to any weakly non-Gaussian source field, by deriving the optimal lensing weights. We point out the additional noise and bias caused by the non-Gaussianity and the “self-lensing” of the source field. We propose methods to reduce, subtract, or model these non-Gaussianities. We show that CIB lensing should be detectable with Planck data and detectable at high significance for future CMB experiments like CCAT-Prime. The CIB thus constitutes a new source image for lensing studies, providing constraints on the amplitude of structure at intermediate redshifts between galaxies and the CMB. CIB lensing measurements will also give valuable information on the star-formation history in the Universe, constraining CIB halo models beyond the CIB power spectrum. By laying out a detailed treatment of lens reconstruction from a weakly non-Gaussian source field, this work constitutes a stepping stone toward lens reconstruction from continuum or line intensity mapping data, such as the Lyman-alpha emission, absorption, and the 21 cm radiation.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.COastro-ph.COpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ht10456info:doi/10.1103/physrevd.97.123539articlePhysical Review D, vol 97, iss 12123539oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2ns7c7vs2026-04-30T21:57:31Zqt2ns7c7vsCleaving Off Uranyl Oxygens through Chelation: A Mechanistic Study in the Gas PhaseAbergel, Rebecca Jde Jong, Wibe ADeblonde, Gauthier J-PDau, Phuong DCaptain, IlyaEaton, Teresa MJian, Jiwenvan Stipdonk, Michael JMartens, JonathanBerden, GielOomens, JosGibson, John K2017-11-06Recent efforts to activate the strong uranium-oxygen bonds in the dioxo uranyl cation have been limited to single oxo-group activation through either uranyl reduction and functionalization in solution, or by collision induced dissociation (CID) in the gas-phase, using mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we report and investigate the surprising double activation of uranyl by an organic ligand, 3,4,3-LI(CAM), leading to the formation of a formal U6+ chelate in the gas-phase. The cleavage of both uranyl oxo bonds was experimentally evidenced by CID, using deuterium and 18O isotopic substitutions, and by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) computations predict that the overall reaction requires only 132 kJ/mol, with the first oxygen activation entailing about 107 kJ/mol. Combined with analysis of similar, but unreactive ligands, these results shed light on the chelation-driven mechanism of uranyl oxo bond cleavage, demonstrating its dependence on the presence of ligand hydroxyl protons available for direct interactions with the uranyl oxygens.3401 Analytical Chemistry (for-2020)3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)CSD-05-HEC-A (c-lbnl-label)CSD-46-All CSGB (c-lbnl-label)0302 Inorganic Chemistry (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)0399 Other Chemical Sciences (for)Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry (science-metrix)3402 Inorganic chemistry (for-2020)3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ns7c7vshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2ns7c7vs/qt2ns7c7vs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01720articleInorganic Chemistry, vol 56, iss 2112930 - 12937oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7401k55r2026-04-30T21:57:25Zqt7401k55rTechnical and Economic Aspects of Designing an Efficient Room Air-Conditioner Program in IndiaAbhyankar, NShah, NPhadke, APark, W2017-09-05Several studies have projected a massive increase in the demand for air conditioners (ACs) over the next two decades in India. By 2030, room ACs could add 140 GW to the peak load, equivalent to over 30% of the total projected peak load. Therefore, there is significant interest among policymakers, regulators, and utilities in managing room AC demand by enhancing energy efficiency. Building on the historical success of the Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s star-labeling program, Energy Efficiency Services Limited recently announced a program to accelerate the sale of efficient room ACs using bulk procurement, similar to their successful UJALA light-emitting diode (LED) bulk procurement program.
This report discusses some of the key considerations in designing a bulk procurement or financial incentive program for enhancing room AC efficiency in India. We draw upon our previous research to demonstrate the overall technical potential and price impact of room AC efficiency improvement and its technical feasibility in India. We also discuss the importance of using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants and smart AC equipment that is demand response (DR) ready.IndiaPower SectorSustainable Space CoolingAppliance Energy EfficiencyEvaluationMeasurement & Verificationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7401k55rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7401k55r/qt7401k55r.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8710154k2026-04-30T21:57:19Zqt8710154kAccelerating Energy Efficiency Improvements in Room Air Conditioners in India: Potential, Costs-Benefits, and PoliciesAbhyankar, NikitShah, NiharPark, Won YoungPhadke, Amol A2017-01-01Rising incomes, increasing urbanization, and large cooling demand prompted by India’s hot, humid climate are driving increasing uptake of room air conditioners (ACs). Air conditioning already accounts for 40-60% of summer peak load in large Indian cities such as Delhi and is on track to contribute 140 gigawatts (GW) ( 30%) to peak demand in 2030. India’s standards and labeling policies improved the market average efficiency of room ACs by about 35% between 2006 and 2016 (3% per year) even as inflation-adjusted room AC prices continued to decline. In this report, we assess the technical feasibility and costs and benefits of accelerating the efficiency improvement in room ACs in India and discuss policy enhancements needed to achieve this goal.We also describe examples of rapid AC efficiency improvement from Japan and Korea. Driven by appropriate policies and programs, AC efficiency in these countries improved by more than 8% per year, resulting in near-doubling of energy efficiency over seven to ten years while inflation-adjusted AC prices declined. We also find that the most efficient room AC sold on the Indian market is almost twice as efficient as the average AC sold on the market in 2015-16. As a result, we conclude that the technology needed to accelerate room AC efficiency in India is available.If, starting in 2018, the market average room AC efficiency improves by 6% per year instead of the current 3% per year, about 39 GW of peak load (equivalent to about 80 power plants of 500 MW each), and more than 64 TWh per year of energy (equivalent to the current electricity consumption of the entire state of Gujarat) could be saved by 2030. The net present value (NPV) of the consumer benefit between 2018 and 2030 would range from rupees (Rs) 4,000 crore or US$600 million (if room AC prices increase as expected based on estimates of current cost of efficiency improvement) to Rs 173,000 crore or US$25 billion (if room AC prices do not increase with efficiency improvement, as has been the case historically). Although the rebound effect could reduce the financial benefit of efficiency improvements, it would not affect the overall consumer welfare benefit.This benefit is achievable by ratcheting up India’s one-star efficiency level (the de-facto minimum energy performance standard) for room ACs to the level of the current (2016) five-star rating by 2022 and to the level of current best available technology on the market by 2026. Bulk procurement, similar to that used in UJALA LED Program, and incentive programs would be crucial for accelerating the market transformation, especially pulling up the top of the market. Similar programs could be implemented for other types of ACs.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8710154khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8710154k/qt8710154k.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt91n393jd2026-04-30T21:57:15Zqt91n393jdGREENING THE GRID: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India’s Electric Grid, Vol. I—National StudyPalchak, DCochran, JDeshmukh, REhlen, ASoonee, RNarasimhan, SJoshi, MMcBennett, BMilligan, MSreedharan, PChernyakhovskiy, IAbhyankar, N2017-06-01The use of renewable energy (RE) sources, primarily wind and solar generation, is poised to grow significantly within the Indian power system. The Government of India has established a target of 175 gigawatts (GW) of installed RE capacity by 2022, including 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of solar, up from 29 GW wind and 9 GW solar at the beginning of 2017. Using advanced weather and power system modeling made for this project, the study team is able to explore operational impacts of meeting India’s RE targets and identify actions that may be favorable for integration. Our primary tool is a detailed production cost model, which simulates optimal scheduling and dispatch of available generation in a future year (2022) by minimizing total production costs subject to physical, operational, and market constraints. Our team comprises a core group from the Power System Operation Corporation, Ltd. (POSOCO), which is the national grid operator (with representation from the National, Southern, and Western Regional Load Dispatch Centers) under Ministry of Power, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), and a broader modeling team that includes Central Electricity Authority (CEA), POWERGRID (the central transmission utility, CTU), and State Load Dispatch Centers in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh. Our model includes high-resolution wind and solar data (forecasts and actuals), unique properties for each generator, CEA/CTU’s anticipated buildout of the power system, and enforced state-to-state transmission flows. Assuming the fulfillment of current efforts to provide better access to the physical flexibility of the power system, we find that power system balancing with 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind is achievable at 15-minute operational timescales with minimal RE curtailment. This RE capacity meets 22% of total projected 2022 electricity consumption in India with annual RE curtailment of 1.4%, in line with experiences in other countries with significant RE penetrations (Bird et al. 2016). Changes to operational practice can further reduce the cost of operating the power system and reduce RE curtailment. Coordinating scheduling and dispatch over a broader area is the largest driver to reduce costs, saving INR 6300 crore (USD 980 million) annually when optimized regionally. Lowering minimum operating levels of coal plants (from 70% to 40%) is the biggest driver to reduce RE curtailment—from 3.5% down to 0.76%. In fact, this operating property is more influential than faster thermal generation ramp rates in lowering the projected levels of curtailment. While this study does not answer every question relevant to planning for India’s 2022 RE targets, it is an important step toward analyzing operational challenges and cost saving opportunities using state-of-the-art power system planning tools. Further analysis can build upon this basis to explore optimal renewable resource and intrastate transmission siting, system stability during contingencies, and the influence of total power system investment costs on customer tariffs.IndiaPower Sectorapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/91n393jdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt91n393jd/qt91n393jd.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7hw5t7bb2026-04-30T21:57:11Zqt7hw5t7bbGREENING THE GRID: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India’s Electric Grid, Vol. I—National Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPalchak, DCochran, JDeshmukh, REhlen, ASoonee, SNarasimhan, SJoshi, MMcBennett, BMilligan, MSreedharan, PChernyakhovskiy, IAbhyankar, N2017-06-01The use of renewable energy (RE) sources, primarily wind and solar generation, is poised to grow significantly within the Indian power system. The Government of India has established an installed capacity target of 175 gigawatts (GW) RE by 2022 that includes 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of solar, up from current capacities of 29 GW wind and 9 GW solar. India’s contribution to global efforts on climate mitigation extends this ambition to 40% non-fossil-based generation capacity by 2030. Global experience demonstrates that power systems can integrate wind and solar at this scale; however, evidence-based planning is important to achieve wind and solar integration at least cost. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the operation of India’s power grid with 175 GW of RE in order to identify potential cost and operational concerns and actions needed to efficiently integrate this level of wind and solar generation.IndiaPower Sectorapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hw5t7bbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7hw5t7bb/qt7hw5t7bb.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3n13n1072026-04-30T21:57:07Zqt3n13n107Land‐atmosphere coupling and climate prediction over the U.S. Southern Great PlainsWilliams, Ian NLu, YaqiongKueppers, Lara MRiley, William JBiraud, Sebastien CBagley, Justin ETorn, Margaret S2016-10-27Abstract Biases in land‐atmosphere coupling in climate models can contribute to climate prediction biases, but land models are rarely evaluated in the context of this coupling. We tested land‐atmosphere coupling and explored effects of land surface parameterizations on climate prediction in a single‐column version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2) and an off‐line Community Land Model (CLM4.5). The correlation between leaf area index (LAI) and surface evaporative fraction (ratio of latent to total turbulent heat flux) was substantially underpredicted compared to observations in the U.S. Southern Great Plains, while the correlation between soil moisture and evaporative fraction was overpredicted by CLM4.5. To estimate the impacts of these errors on climate prediction, we modified CLM4.5 by prescribing observed LAI, increasing soil resistance to evaporation, increasing minimum stomatal conductance, and increasing leaf reflectance. The modifications improved the predicted soil moisture‐evaporative fraction (EF) and LAI‐EF correlations in off‐line CLM4.5 and reduced the root‐mean‐square error in summer 2 m air temperature and precipitation in the coupled model. The modifications had the largest effect on prediction during a drought in summer 2006, when a warm bias in daytime 2 m air temperature was reduced from +6°C to a smaller cold bias of −1.3°C, and a corresponding dry bias in precipitation was reduced from −111 mm to −23 mm. The role of vegetation in droughts and heat waves is underpredicted in CESM1.2.2, and improvements in land surface models can improve prediction of climate extremes.
Key Points Surface energy partitioning is too strongly correlated with soil moisture in CESM1.2.2 Surface energy partitioning is too weakly dependent on vegetation state compared to observations Improving the terrestrial segment of land‐atmosphere coupling improved summer climate prediction37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)land-atmosphereevapotranspirationsoil moisturevegetationfeedback0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3702 Climate change science (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3n13n107https://escholarship.org/content/qt3n13n107/qt3n13n107.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/2016jd025223articleJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol 121, iss 2012 - 144oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2nx8r6pz2026-04-30T21:54:12Zqt2nx8r6pzEngineered Recognition of Tetravalent Zirconium and Thorium by Chelator–Protein Systems: Toward Flexible Radiotherapy and Imaging PlatformsCaptain, IlyaDeblonde, Gauthier J-PRupert, Peter BAn, Dahlia DIlly, Marie-ClaireRostan, EmelineRalston, Corie YStrong, Roland KAbergel, Rebecca J2016-11-21Targeted α therapy holds tremendous potential as a cancer treatment: it offers the possibility of delivering a highly cytotoxic dose to targeted cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The metallic α-generating radioisotopes 225Ac and 227Th are promising radionuclides for therapeutic use, provided adequate chelation and targeting. Here we demonstrate a new chelating platform composed of a multidentate high-affinity oxygen-donating ligand 3,4,3-LI(CAM) bound to the mammalian protein siderocalin. Respective stability constants log β110 = 29.65 ± 0.65, 57.26 ± 0.20, and 47.71 ± 0.08, determined for the EuIII (a lanthanide surrogate for AcIII), ZrIV, and ThIV complexes of 3,4,3-LI(CAM) through spectrophotometric titrations, reveal this ligand to be one of the most powerful chelators for both trivalent and tetravalent metal ions at physiological pH. The resulting metal-ligand complexes are also recognized with extremely high affinity by the siderophore-binding protein siderocalin, with dissociation constants below 40 nM and tight electrostatic interactions, as evidenced by X-ray structures of the protein:ligand:metal adducts with ZrIV and ThIV. Finally, differences in biodistribution profiles between free and siderocalin-bound 238PuIV-3,4,3-LI(CAM) complexes confirm in vivo stability of the protein construct. The siderocalin:3,4,3-LI(CAM) assembly can therefore serve as a "lock" to consolidate binding to the therapeutic 225Ac and 227Th isotopes or to the positron emission tomography emitter 89Zr, independent of metal valence state.3402 Inorganic Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Animals (mesh)Chelating Agents (mesh)Coordination Complexes (mesh)Female (mesh)Ligands (mesh)Mice (mesh)ModelsChemical (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Radiotherapy (mesh)Thorium (mesh)Tissue Distribution (mesh)Zirconium (mesh)Animals (mesh)Mice (mesh)Thorium (mesh)Zirconium (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Chelating Agents (mesh)Ligands (mesh)Radiotherapy (mesh)Tissue Distribution (mesh)ModelsChemical (mesh)Female (mesh)Coordination Complexes (mesh)Animals (mesh)Chelating Agents (mesh)Coordination Complexes (mesh)Female (mesh)Ligands (mesh)Mice (mesh)ModelsChemical (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Radiotherapy (mesh)Thorium (mesh)Tissue Distribution (mesh)Zirconium (mesh)CSD-05-HEC-A (c-lbnl-label)CSD-46-All CSGB (c-lbnl-label)0302 Inorganic Chemistry (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)0399 Other Chemical Sciences (for)Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry (science-metrix)3402 Inorganic chemistry (for-2020)3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nx8r6pzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2nx8r6pz/qt2nx8r6pz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02041articleInorganic Chemistry, vol 55, iss 2211930 - 11936oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3fn0860n2026-04-30T21:54:07Zqt3fn0860nLinking carbon and water relations to drought-induced mortality in Pinus flexilis seedlingsReinhardt, KeithGermino, Matthew JKueppers, Lara MDomec, Jean-ChristopheMitton, JeffryRyan, Michael2015-07-01Survival of tree seedlings at high elevations has been shown to be limited by thermal constraints on carbon balance, but it is unknown if carbon relations also limit seedling survival at lower elevations, where water relations may be more important. We measured and modeled carbon fluxes and water relations in first-year Pinus flexilis seedlings in garden plots just beyond the warm edge of their natural range, and compared these with dry-mass gain and survival across two summers. We hypothesized that mortality in these seedlings would be associated with declines in water relations, more so than with carbon-balance limitations. Rather than gradual declines in survivorship across growing seasons, we observed sharp, large-scale mortality episodes that occurred once volumetric soil-moisture content dropped below 10%. By this point, seedling water potentials had decreased below -5 MPa, seedling hydraulic conductivity had decreased by 90% and seedling hydraulic resistance had increased by >900%. Additionally, non-structural carbohydrates accumulated in aboveground tissues at the end of both summers, suggesting impairments in phloem-transport from needles to roots. This resulted in low carbohydrate concentrations in roots, which likely impaired root growth and water uptake at the time of critically low soil moisture. While photosynthesis and respiration on a leaf area basis remained high until critical hydraulic thresholds were exceeded, modeled seedling gross primary productivity declined steadily throughout the summers. At the time of mortality, modeled productivity was insufficient to support seedling biomass-gain rates, metabolism and secondary costs. Thus the large-scale mortality events that we observed near the end of each summer were most directly linked with acute, episodic declines in plant hydraulic function that were linked with important changes in whole-seedling carbon relations.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Carbon (mesh)Droughts (mesh)Phloem (mesh)Pinus (mesh)Water (mesh)carbon balancehydraulic resistancenon-structural carbohydratesproductivityrespirationPinus (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Water (mesh)Phloem (mesh)Droughts (mesh)carbon balancehydraulic resistancenon-structural carbohydratesproductivityrespirationCarbon (mesh)Droughts (mesh)Phloem (mesh)Pinus (mesh)Water (mesh)0602 Ecology (for)0607 Plant Biology (for)0705 Forestry Sciences (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)4101 Climate change impacts and adaptation (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fn0860ninfo:doi/10.1093/treephys/tpv045articleTree Physiology, vol 35, iss 7771 - 782oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7rc4t27b2026-04-30T21:53:56Zqt7rc4t27bContrasting Parametric Sensitivities in Two Global Vegetation Models Using Parameter Perturbation EnsemblesFoster, ACHawkins, LRKennedy, DBonan, GBFisher, RANeedham, JFKnox, RGKoven, CDWieder, WRDagon, KLawrence, DM2026-03-01Uncertainty in land model projections remains high and the roles of parametric and structural uncertainty are difficult to disentangle. To compare parametric sensitivity across model structures we present two parameter perturbation ensembles using the Community Land Model (CLM) operating in satellite phenology mode. The ensembles contrast two vegetation modules: (a) the default CLM vegetation module and (b) the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (CLM‐FATES). We perturbed over 300 parameters and quantified their effects on biophysical fluxes globally and across biomes. Most parameters have minimal impact on biophysical fluxes, with only a few substantially influencing results. While both models exhibit similar parameter sensitivity for some fluxes, CLM‐FATES shows larger spread in gross primary productivity (GPP), driven by strong sensitivity to carboxylation rate. CLM‐FATES also shows a weaker GPP response to soil hydrology parameters and exhibits higher water use efficiency (WUE). Cross‐model comparisons reveal similar sensitivities for some parameters (e.g., leaf dimension) but divergent responses to others (e.g., stomatal intercept), highlighting underlying structural differences. Differences in WUE and sensitivity to hydrology and stomatal conductance parameters underscore how model structure fundamentally alters parametric sensitivity. The data sets generated from these ensembles can be used to identify influential parameters and guide future calibration efforts. In the study of land models (computer models that simulate how the Earth's surface interacts with the atmosphere), a key concern is why different land models give different predictions for the future of global vegetation and ecosystems. This uncertainty comes from many sources, including that associated with input numbers (parametric uncertainty), and that associated with the fundamental design of the model (structural uncertainty). To understand these effects, we compared how parameter sensitivity changed between the Community Land Model (CLM) with its original vegetation configuration, and CLM connected to the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (CLM‐FATES), systematically testing over 300 parameters. We found that CLM‐FATES showed a much larger range in carbon uptake, driven by strong sensitivity to maximum rate of photosynthesis. CLM‐FATES also had higher water use efficiency (WUE) and exhibited lower sensitivity to hydrology parameters. This difference in how carbon and water fluxes are simulated highlights the importance of model structure in shaping model behavior and sensitivity to parameters. These findings, along with the extensive set of outputs associated with our simulations, can be used to ask more questions about the two models, how they respond to changing parameters, and how we might improve them in comparison to observations. We constructed two parameter ensembles of Community Land Model using its default vegetation model and connected to FATES in satellite phenology mode Structural and parametric differences between the two models result in differing parameter sensitivity and impacts on biophysical fluxes The data sets produced in this study can be used for further parameter sensitivity analyses and to guide calibration efforts with both models We constructed two parameter ensembles of Community Land Model using its default vegetation model and connected to FATES in satellite phenology mode Structural and parametric differences between the two models result in differing parameter sensitivity and impacts on biophysical fluxes The data sets produced in this study can be used for further parameter sensitivity analyses and to guide calibration efforts with both models37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)3704 Geoinformatics (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)FATESCLMPPEparameter sensitivitymodel structureland model0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3704 Geoinformatics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rc4t27bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7rc4t27b/qt7rc4t27b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2025ms005590articleJournal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol 18, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1k1306zp2026-04-30T21:53:50Zqt1k1306zpA practical guide to unbinned unfoldingCanelli, FlorenciaCormier, KyleCudd, AndrewGillberg, DagHuang, Roger GJin, WeijieLee, SookhyunMikuni, ViniciusMiller, LauraNachman, BenjaminPan, JingjingPani, TanmayPettee, MarielSong, YouqiAcosta, Fernando Torales2026-01-01Unfolding, in the context of high-energy particle physics, refers to the process of removing detector distortions in experimental data. The resulting unfolded measurements are straightforward to use for direct comparisons between experiments and a wide variety of theoretical predictions. For decades, popular unfolding strategies were designed to operate on data formatted as one or more binned histograms. In recent years, new strategies have emerged that use machine learning to unfold datasets in an unbinned manner, allowing for higher-dimensional analyses and more flexibility for current and future users of the unfolded data. This guide comprises recommendations and practical considerations from researchers across a number of major particle physics experiments who have recently put these techniques into practice on real data.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k1306zphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1k1306zp/qt1k1306zp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-15265-9articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 86, iss 2106oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7mn976np2026-04-30T21:53:46Zqt7mn976npEngineered Production of Hydroxycinnamoyl Tyramine Conjugates Limits the Growth of the Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in ArabidopsisTurumtay, HalbayHassan, Jana AKazaz, SamiGao, YuTian, YangChen, Yi‐ChunKakumanu, RamuTurumtay, Emine AkyuzCetiz, Mehmet VeysiChoudhary, HemantBaidoo, Edward EKSimmons, Blake AScheller, Henrik VLewis, Jennifer DEudes, Aymerick2026-01-23Hydroxycinnamoyl tyramine conjugates are phenolamides produced by plants in response to pathogen attack and biotic stresses. Their proposed mechanisms of action include cytotoxicity towards pathogens, cell wall reinforcement to restrict pathogen proliferation, and signaling activity to trigger general stress responses. Here, we engineered the production of the tyramine conjugates p-coumaroyltyramine (CT) and feruloyltyramine (FT) in Arabidopsis to gain insight into their mode of action. Co-expression of feedback-insensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase and tyrosine decarboxylase increased tyramine content. Additional expression of tyramine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase led to de-novo production of CT and FT, which were found as soluble and cell-wall-bound forms. FT was associated with lignin in stems. The growth of pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae was reduced in rosettes of the Arabidopsis CT- and FT-producing lines compared to wild type. These lines also exhibited increased transpirational water loss in excised rosettes. Transcriptomic analysis of transgenic lines grown under normal conditions revealed alterations in the expression of genes associated with the biological circadian clock. These changes led to a reduction in flavonoids and an early flowering phenotype. Important changes in the expression of genes related to abiotic stress such as drought, cold, heat, and hypoxia potentially contribute to reduced growth of P. syringae in engineered Arabidopsis.3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)cell wallcircadian clockdefenseligninPhenolamidesPseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringae (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Tyramine (mesh)Coumaric Acids (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Arabidopsis Proteins (mesh)Plant Diseases (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)PhenolamidesPseudomonas syringaecell wallcircadian clockdefenselignin06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mn976nphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7mn976np/qt7mn976np.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/pce.70403articlePlant Cell & Environment, vol 49, iss 52516 - 2530oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8zq5b4ww2026-04-30T21:53:42Zqt8zq5b4wwHeterogeneous Corrosion Pathways in Pt–Ni Nanododecahedra Revealed by In Situ Liquid Cell TEMZheng, JianaZhang, QiuboLee, DaewonChen, YiBustillo, Karen CZheng, Haimei2026-01-23Unraveling nanoscale corrosion pathways is essential for understanding materials degradation mechanisms and designing corrosion-resistant metal alloys. Here, we directly visualize the corrosion of Pt-Ni nanododecahedra in 0.1 M HCl using liquid cell TEM. Each nanoparticle features a Ni-rich core and a Pt-rich frame. Our observation reveals that corrosion proceeds in two distinct stages: first the Ni-rich core dissolves without forming porosity, yielding small Pt nanocrystals and transient NiCl2·6H2O at the retreating interfaces; then the Pt-rich frame fragments into ∼5 nm Pt3Ni nanocrystals that subsequently dissolve uniformly, accompanied by fleeting Pt chlorides. A percolation-based theory explains the observed behaviors: The core's ∼8% Pt lies below the Pt connectivity threshold, preventing Pt scaffold formation, whereas the frame's 48% Ni exceeds the Ni percolation threshold and collapses. Ordered Pt3Ni suppresses Ni percolation, thereby enforcing uniform dissolution. These findings reveal how composition and structural ordering govern heterogeneous corrosion in Pt-Ni architectured nanoparticles.3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Liquid phase TEMliquid cellscorrosionPt-Ni nanoparticlesalloy nanoparticlespercolationLiquid phase TEMPt−Ni nanoparticlesalloy nanoparticlescorrosionliquid cellspercolationNanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zq5b4wwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8zq5b4ww/qt8zq5b4ww.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c05291articleNano Letters, vol 26, iss 41313 - 1320oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9550v3392026-04-30T21:53:38Zqt9550v339PhaseT3M: 3D imaging at 1.6 Å resolution via electron cryo-tomography with nonlinear phase retrievalLee, JuhyeokSong, Samuel WCho, Min GeeVarnavides, GeorgiosRibet, Stephanie MOphus, ColinScott, Mary CWhittaker, Michael L2025-01-01Electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) enables 3D imaging of complex, radiation-sensitive structures with molecular detail. However, image contrast from the interference of scattered electrons is nonlinear with atomic density and multiple scattering further complicates interpretation. These effects degrade resolution, particularly in conventional reconstruction algorithms, which assume linearity. Particle averaging can reduce such issues but is unsuitable for heterogeneous or dynamic samples ubiquitous in biology, chemistry, and materials sciences. Here, we develop a phase retrieval-based cryo-ET method, PhaseT3M. We experimentally demonstrate its application to an approximately 7 nm Co3O4 nanoparticle on an approximately 30 nm carbon substrate, achieving a maximum resolution of 1.6 Å, surpassing conventional limits using standard cryo-TEM equipment. PhaseT3M uses a multislice model for multiple scattering and Bayesian optimization for alignment and computational aberration correction, with a positivity constraint to recover ‘missing wedge’ information. Applied directly to biological particles, it enhances reconstruction quality and reduces artifacts, establishing a standard for routine 3D imaging with phase contrast.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9550v339https://escholarship.org/content/qt9550v339/qt9550v339.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-025-67303-5articleNature Communications, vol 17, iss 1690oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6v96v16q2026-04-30T21:53:32Zqt6v96v16qMulti-messenger dynamic imaging of laser-driven shocks in water using a plasma wakefield acceleratorBalcazar, Mario DTsai, Hai-EnOstermayr, Tobias MCampbell, PaulTrantham, Matthew RAlbert, FélicieChen, QiangColgan, CaryDyer, Gilliss MEisentraut, ZacharyEsarey, EricGrace, Elizabeth SGreenwood, BenjaminGonsalves, Anthony JHakimi, SahelJacob, RobertKettle, BrendanKing, PaulKrushelnick, KarlLemos, NunoLos, Eva EMa, YongMangles, Stuart PDNees, JohnPagano, Isabella MSchroeder, Carl BSimpson, Raspberry AVazquez, Anthony Vvan Tilborg, JeroenGeddes, Cameron GRThomas, Alexander GRKuranz, Carolyn C2025-01-01Understanding dense matter hydrodynamics is critical for predicting plasma behavior in environments relevant to laser-driven inertial confinement fusion. Traditional diagnostic sources face limitations in brightness, spatiotemporal resolution, and in their ability to detect relevant electromagnetic fields. In this work, we present a dual-probe, multi-messenger laser wakefield accelerator platform combining ultrafast X-rays and relativistic electron beams at 1 Hz, to interrogate a free-flowing water target in vacuum, heated by an intense 200 ps laser pulse. This scheme enables high-repetition-rate tracking the evolution of the interaction using both particle types. Betatron X-rays reveal a cylindrically symmetric shock compression morphology assisted by low-density vapor, resembling foam-layer-assisted fusion targets. The synchronized electron beam detects time-evolving electromagnetic fields, uncovering charge separation and ion species differentiation during plasma expansion – phenomena not captured by photons or hydrodynamic simulations. We show that combining both probes provides complementary insights spanning kinetic to hydrodynamic regimes, highlighting the need for hybrid physics models to accurately predict fusion-relevant plasma behavior.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6v96v16qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6v96v16q/qt6v96v16q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-025-67224-3articleNature Communications, vol 17, iss 1529oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt61n5h0wc2026-04-30T21:53:27Zqt61n5h0wcCharacterization of 6 Li-loaded pulse-shape-discriminating plastic scintillatorsLee, JWGoldblum, BLLaplace, TABrown, JAJohnson, TSBleuel, DLVenkatraman, ALi, TSebastian, JRTausik, NZaitseva, N2026-04-01Lithium-loaded organic plastic scintillators combine sensitivity to γ rays with the ability to detect both fast and slow neutrons, making them valuable for applications in nuclear security and in basic nuclear and particle physics. The goal of this work is to characterize the neutron response of two custom lithium-loaded organic plastic scintillators developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Both are ternary polystyrene-based formulations containing 1.5 wt. % 6 Li salts of isobutyric acid, but they differ in their primary and secondary dye compositions: one uses m-terphenyl as the primary fluor and with Exalite 404 as the wavelength shifter, whereas the other uses 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene, respectively. The temporal response of the scintillators was measured via time-correlated single photon counting for γ -ray and neutron events. The proton light yield was measured using the double time-of-flight technique from 1.3 to 15 MeV at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. For the slow neutron response, an AmBe source moderated with polyethylene was used, and the light output from the 6Li ( n , α ) t reaction was characterized. Differences in ionization quenching and temporal response were observed between the two materials with the PPO-containing scintillator exhibiting higher ionization quenching. These results provide performance benchmarks that can guide the design and optimization of future lithium-loaded plastic scintillators for use in basic science and applications.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Organic scintillatorLi-loaded plastic scintillatorTemporal responseProton light yieldIonization quenchingPulse shape discrimination0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/61n5h0wchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt61n5h0wc/qt61n5h0wc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171212articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 1084171212oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4116219k2026-04-30T21:53:23Zqt4116219kUnveiling a pervasive DNA adenine methylation regulatory network in the early-diverging fungus Rhizopus microsporusLax, CarlosBaumgart, Leo ATahiri, GhizlaneNicolás-Muñoz, NataliaZhang, YuBlaby, Ian KMondo, Stephen JKamel, BishoyO’Malley, Ronan CNg, VivianNavarro, EusebioGrigoriev, Igor VNicolás, Francisco EGarre, Victoriano2025-01-01Development of the DNA affinity purification and sequencing (DAP-seq) technique has allowed genome-scale studies of transcription factor (TF)-binding sites with high reproducibility. Here, we apply this technique to the human opportunistic pathogen Rhizopus microsporus, a mucoralean fungus belonging to the understudied group of early-diverging fungi. We characterize genome-wide binding sites of 58 TFs encoded by genes regulated through adenine methylation and representing major TF families. This analysis reveals their binding profiles and recognized sequences, expanding and diversifying the catalog of known fungal motifs. By integrating this data with DNA 6-methyladenine profiling, we uncover the extensive direct and indirect impact of this epigenetic modification on the regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, we use the generated data to identify TFs involved in biologically relevant processes such as zinc metabolism and light response. Our work enhances our understanding of regulatory mechanisms in R. microsporus and provides broader insights into gene regulation across the fungal kingdom.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Rhizopus (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Adenine (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Regulatory Networks (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)EpigenesisGenetic (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)DNAFungal (mesh)Humans (mesh)Humans (mesh)Rhizopus (mesh)Adenine (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)DNAFungal (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)EpigenesisGenetic (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Gene Regulatory Networks (mesh)Rhizopus (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Adenine (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Regulatory Networks (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)EpigenesisGenetic (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)DNAFungal (mesh)Humans (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4116219khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4116219k/qt4116219k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-025-65177-1articleNature Communications, vol 16, iss 110277oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9x16p56f2026-04-30T21:53:18Zqt9x16p56fEnhancing DESI DR1 full-shape analyses using HOD-informed priorsZhang, HBonici, MRocher, APercival, WJde Mattia, AAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OAviles, ALizancos, A BaleatoBianchi, DBrooks, DCuceu, Ade la Macorra, ADoel, PFerraro, SFindlay, NFont-Ribera, AForero-Sánchez, DForero-Romero, JEGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHahn, CHowlett, CIshak, MKaramanis, MKehoe, RKirkby, DKremin, ALahav, OLai, YLandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMaus, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMorawetz, JMoustakas, JNadathur, SNewman, JANiz, GNoriega, HEPalanque-Delabrouille, NPinon, MPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRossi, GSaito, SSamushia, LSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GWeaver, BAZhao, RZhou, R2025-11-01We present an analysis of DESI Data Release 1 (DR1) that incorporates Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD)-informed priors into Full-Shape (FS) modeling of the power spectrum based on cosmological perturbation theory (PT). By leveraging physical insights from the galaxy-halo connection, these HOD-informed priors on nuisance parameters substantially mitigate projection effects in extended cosmological models that allow for dynamical dark energy. The resulting credible intervals now encompass the posterior maximum from the baseline analysis using gaussian priors, eliminating a significant posterior shift observed in baseline studies. In the ΛCDM framework, a combined DESI DR1 FS information and constraints from the DESI DR1 baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) — including Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints and a weak prior on the scalar spectral index — yields Ωm = 0.2994 ± 0.0090 and σ 8 = 0.836+0.024 -0.027, representing improvements of approximately 4% and 23% over the baseline analysis, respectively. For the w 0 wa CDM model, our results from various data combinations are highly consistent, with all configurations converging to a region with w 0 > -1 and wa < 0. This convergence not only suggests intriguing hints of dynamical dark energy but also underscores the robustness of our HOD-informed prior approach in delivering reliable cosmological constraints.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSgalaxy clusteringpower spectrumBayesian reasoning0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x16p56fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9x16p56f/qt9x16p56f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/11/049articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 11049oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0h61r8f22026-04-30T21:53:13Zqt0h61r8f2Cosmology from Planck CMB lensing and DESI DR1 quasar tomographyde Belsunce, RKrolewski, AChaussidon, EFerraro, SFarren, GHadzhiyska, BTamone, AChiarenza, SSailer, NRavoux, CAguilar, JAhlen, SBianchi, DBrooks, DClaybaugh, TCuceu, Ade la Macorra, ADella Costa, JDey, BiprateepDoel, PFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GGuy, JHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KIshak, MJoyce, RJuneau, SKehoe, RKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALahav, OLambert, ALamman, CLandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RNadathur, SNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRoss, AJRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSilber, JSprayberry, DTarlé, GWeaver, BAZhou, RZou, H2025-10-01We present a measurement of the amplitude of matter fluctuations over the redshift range 0.8 ≤ z ≤ 3.5 from the cross correlation of over 1.2 million spectroscopic quasars selected by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) across 7,200 deg2 (∼ 170 quasars/deg2) and Planck PR4 (NPIPE) cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing maps. We perform a tomographic measurement in three bins centered at effective redshifts z=1.44, 2.27 and 2.75, which have ample overlap with the CMB lensing kernel. From a joint fit using the angular clustering of all three redshift bins (auto and cross-spectra), and including an prior from DESI DR1 baryon acoustic oscillations to break the degeneracy, we constrain the amplitude of matter fluctuations in the matter-dominated regime to be and . We provide a growth of structure measurement with the largest spectroscopic quasar sample to date at high redshift, which is ∼ 1.5σ higher than predictions from ΛCDM fits to measurements of the primary CMB from Planck PR4. The cross-correlation between PR4 lensing maps and DESI DR1 quasars is detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of 21.7 and the quasar auto-correlation at 27.2 for the joint analysis of all redshift bins. We combine our measurement with the CMB lensing auto-spectrum from the ground-based Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT DR6) and Planck PR4 to perform a sound-horizon-free measurement of the Hubble constant, yielding through its sensitivity to the matter-radiation equality scale.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSgravitational lensingpower spectrumbaryon acoustic oscillations0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h61r8f2https://escholarship.org/content/qt0h61r8f2/qt0h61r8f2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/10/077articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 10077oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt29n9q5d32026-04-30T21:53:07Zqt29n9q5d3Biosensor-driven strain engineering reveals key cellular processes for maximizing isoprenol production in Pseudomonas putidaMenasalvas, JavierKulakowski, ShawnChen, YanGin, Jennifer WAkyuz Turumtay, EmineBaral, Nawa RajApolonio, Morgan ARivier, AlexYunus, Ian SGarber, Megan EScown, Corinne DAdams, Paul DLee, Taek SoonBlaby, Ian KBaidoo, Edward EKPetzold, Christopher JEng, ThomasMukhopadhyay, Aindrila2025-10-24Synthetic biology generates vast combinatorial designs, yet high-throughput analytical methods to screen them are poorly matched to interrogate this search space. We address this challenge by developing a biosensor-driven, growth-coupled selection strategy in Pseudomonas putida for isoprenol, a potential aviation fuel precursor. We found and characterized a noncanonical signaling pathway, revealing a functional and physical complex between a hybrid histidine kinase and an alcohol dehydrogenase, whose activity is tuned by heterodimerization. Leveraging this biosensor in a pooled CRISPRi library selection, we identified key host limitations. Iterative combinatorial strain engineering derived from these hits yielded a 36-fold titer increase to ~900 milligrams per liter. Integrated omics analysis revealed that metabolic rewiring toward amino acid catabolism was crucial for this improvement. This observation was found to be beneficial by technoeconomic analysis. Our modular workflow provides a powerful strategy for optimizing complex heterologous pathways and uncovering emergent host biology.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Pseudomonas putida (mesh)Biosensing Techniques (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Hemiterpenes (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Histidine Kinase (mesh)Alcohol Dehydrogenase (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Pseudomonas putida (mesh)Hemiterpenes (mesh)Alcohol Dehydrogenase (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Biosensing Techniques (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Histidine Kinase (mesh)Pseudomonas putida (mesh)Biosensing Techniques (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Hemiterpenes (mesh)Signal Transduction (mesh)Synthetic Biology (mesh)Histidine Kinase (mesh)Alcohol Dehydrogenase (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/29n9q5d3https://escholarship.org/content/qt29n9q5d3/qt29n9q5d3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.ady2677articleScience Advances, vol 11, iss 43eady2677oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt26k333hg2026-04-30T21:53:01Zqt26k333hgMeasurement of directional muon beams generated at the Berkeley Lab Laser AcceleratorTerzani, DavideKisyov, StanimirGreenberg, StephenLe Pottier, LucMironova, MariaPicksley, AlexStackhouse, JoshuaTsai, Hai-EnLi, RaymondRockafellow, ElaMiao, BoShrock, Jaron EHeim, TimonGarcia-Sciveres, MauriceBenedetti, CarloValentine, JohnMilchberg, Howard MNakamura, KeiGonsalves, Anthony Jvan Tilborg, JeroenSchroeder, Carl BEsarey, EricGeddes, Cameron GR2025-10-01We present the detection of directional muon beams produced using a PW laser facility at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The muon source is a multi-GeV electron beam generated in a laser-plasma accelerator interacting with a high- converter target. The GeV photons resulting from the interaction are converted into a high-flux, directional muon beam via pair production. By employing scintillators to capture delayed events, we were able to identify the produced muons and characterize the source. Using theoretical knowledge of the muon production process combined with simulations that are in excellent agreement with the experiments, we demonstrate that laser-plasma accelerators have the capability of generating electron beams with characteristics suitable to produce GeV-scale muons that offer unique advantages with respect to the cosmic background. Laser-plasma-accelerator-based muon sources can therefore enhance muon imaging applications thanks to their compactness, directionality, and high yields, which reduce the exposure time by orders of magnitude compared to cosmic ray muons. Using the eant4-based simulation code we developed to gain insight into the experimental results, we can design future experiments and applications based on LPA-generated muons.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/26k333hghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt26k333hg/qt26k333hg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/kxjr-h7zsarticlePhysical Review Accelerators and Beams, vol 28, iss 10103401oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28z4k02h2026-04-30T21:52:56Zqt28z4k02hConstraints on neutrino physics from DESI DR2 BAO and DR1 full shapeElbers, WAviles, ANoriega, HEChebat, DMenegas, AFrenk, CSGarcia-Quintero, CGonzalez, DIshak, MLahav, ONaidoo, KNiz, GYèche, CAbdul-Karim, MAhlen, SAlves, OAndrade, UArmengaud, EBehera, JBenZvi, SBianchi, DBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCasas, LCastander, FJCharles, MChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JClaybaugh, TCole, SCooper, APCuceu, ADawson, KSde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDey, ADey, BDing, ZDoel, PEisenstein, DJFerraro, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGarrison, LHGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGutierrez, GHe, SHerbold, MHerrera-Alcantar, HKHowlett, CHuterer, DJuneau, SKehoe, RKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALamman, CLandriau, MLe Guillou, LLeauthaud, ALevi, MELi, QLodha, KMagneville, CManera, MMartini, PMatthewson, WLMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JNadathur, SNewman, JAPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPieri, MMPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRabinowitz, DRamírez-Pérez, CRashkovetskyi, MRavoux, CRivera-Morales, HRohlf, JRoss, AJRossi, GRuhlmann-Kleider, VSamushia, LSanchez, E2025-10-15The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Collaboration has obtained robust measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations in the redshift range , based on the Lyman- forest and galaxies from data release 2. We combine these measurements with cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope to place our tightest constraints yet on the sum of neutrino masses. Assuming the cosmological model and three degenerate neutrino states, we find (95%) with a marginalized error of . We also constrain the effective number of neutrino species, finding (95%), in line with the Standard Model prediction. When accounting for neutrino oscillation constraints, we find a preference for the normal mass ordering and an upper limit on the lightest neutrino mass of (95%). However, we determine using frequentist and Bayesian methods that our constraints are in tension with the lower limits derived from neutrino oscillations. Correcting for the physical boundary at zero mass, we report a 95% Feldman-Cousins upper limit of , breaching the lower limit from neutrino oscillations. Considering a more general Bayesian analysis with an effective cosmological neutrino mass parameter, , that allows for negative energy densities and removes unsatisfactory prior weight effects, we derive constraints that are in tension with the same oscillation limit, while the error rises to . In the absence of unknown systematics, this finding could be interpreted as a hint of new physics not necessarily related to neutrinos. The preference of DESI and CMB data for an evolving dark energy model offers one possible solution. In the model, we find (95%), relaxing the neutrino tension. These constraints all rely on the effects of neutrinos on the cosmic expansion history. Using full-shape power spectrum measurements of data release 1 galaxies, we place complementary constraints that rely on neutrino free streaming. Our strongest such limit in , using selected CMB priors, is (95%).5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/28z4k02hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt28z4k02h/qt28z4k02h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/w9pk-xsk7articlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 8083513oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5wq261qf2026-04-30T21:52:51Zqt5wq261qfThe reference genome for the northeastern Pacific bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeanaAlves-Lima, CiceroMontecinos, GabrielEscalona, MerlyCalhoun, SaraMarimuthu, MohanNguyen, OanhBeraut, EricLipzen, AnnaGrigoriev, Igor VRaimondi, PeterNuzhdin, SergeyAlberto, Filipe2025-10-13Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, is a northeastern Pacific kelp with broad distribution from Alaska to central California. Its population declines have caused severe concerns in northern California, the Salish Sea in Washington, and recently in some populations in Oregon. Despite bull kelp's accumulated ecological and physiological studies, an assembled and annotated genomic reference was still unavailable. Here, we report the complete and annotated genome of Nereocystis luetkeana, produced by the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP), which aims to reveal genomic diversity patterns across California by sequencing the complete genomes of approximately 150 carefully selected species. The genome was assembled into 1562 scaffolds with 449.82 Mb, 80x of coverage and 22 952 gene models. BUSCO assembly showed a completeness score of 72% for the stramenopiles gene set. The mitochondria and chloroplast genome sequences have 37 Kb and 131 Mb, respectively. The orthology analysis between 10 Phaeophycean genomes showed 1065 expanded and 286 unique orthogroups for this species. Pairwise comparisons showed 542 orthogroups present only in N. luetkeana and M. pyrifera, another large-body kelp. The enrichment analysis of these orthogroups showed important functions related to central metabolism and signaling due to ATPases enrichment in these two species. This genome assembly will provide an essential resource for the ecology, evolution, conservation, and breeding of bull kelp.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)body sizeCalifornia Conservation Genomics Project-CCGPLaminarialesmacroalgaePuget soundCalifornia conservation genomics project—ccgpLaminarialesPuget soundbody sizemacroalgae0604 Genetics (for)Evolutionary Biology (science-metrix)3104 Evolutionary biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wq261qfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5wq261qf/qt5wq261qf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/jhered/esaf077articleJournal of Heredityesaf077oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt70w229vm2026-04-30T21:52:46Zqt70w229vmInvestigating the Global Biogeophysical Impact of Area and Mass Based Wood Harvest in a Vegetation Demography ModelShu, ShijieDi Vittorio, AlanKoven, Charles DHuang, MaoyiKnox, Ryan GLemieux, GregoryHolm, Jennifer A2025-10-01Abstract Wood harvesting alters land surface properties and energy redistribution, but there is a lack of studies estimating these changes on a global scale. We coupled a vegetation demographic model, the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, with the E3SM land model to perform offline model simulation to investigate the land biogeophysical responses, including canopy coverage, leaf area index, albedo, surface roughness length, and energy fluxes, to historical wood harvest on the global scale. In this study, we found 50% less harvested carbon (C) when choosing the area‐based harvest rate as driving data that has not been spatially harmonized, compared to reharmonized mass‐based harvesting. By considering the uncertainty from reconstruction of historical wood harvest time series and the choice of wood harvest approach in the model, continuous wood harvest (1850–2015) results in 5%–10% of canopy coverage loss, contributing 0.5%–1% increase of albedo over disturbed land, which is much stronger than a non‐demographic land surface model. Changes in energy flux from the wood harvest are negligible (<1%), but the responses of land surface properties vary (up to 30%) due to differences in model structure between the single canopy, sun‐shade leaf model and vegetation demographic model.
Plain Language Summary We study the impact of historical global wood harvesting on vegetation structure and land surface heating using a land surface model (E3SM land model) coupled with a detailed vegetation demography model (Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator). A more realistic harvest approach based on the amount of wood harvested, rather than the area harvested, is applied to match the total historical harvested wood product. We estimate less vegetation canopy coverage and total leaf amount, and lower effective plant heights historically compared to a land surface model with no representation of individual plant populations.
Key Points A vegetation demography model (Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator), coupled to a land surface model simulates historical wood harvest and secondary forest regrowth Accumulated canopy coverage loss (1850–2015) reaches 5%–10%, causing 0.5%–1% global increase of albedo over harvested regions Incorporating vegetation demography strengthens the biogeophysical impact of wood harvest, compared to a single canopy model (E3SM land model)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)3704 Geoinformatics (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)vegetation demographic modelwood harvestland biogeophysical responseEarth system model0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for)3701 Atmospheric sciences (for-2020)3704 Geoinformatics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/70w229vmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt70w229vm/qt70w229vm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2024ms004747articleJournal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol 17, iss 10oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2q74k4hx2026-04-30T21:52:42Zqt2q74k4hxFull-sky Models of Galactic Microwave Emission and Polarization at Subarcminute Scales for the Python Sky ModelGroup, The Pan-Experiment Galactic ScienceBorrill, JulianClark, Susan EDelabrouille, JacquesFrolov, Andrei VGhosh, ShamikHensley, Brandon SHicks, Monica DKrachmalnicoff, NicolettaLauNorton, Myra MPryke, ClementPuglisi, GiuseppeRemazeilles, MathieuRussier, ElisaThorne, BenjaminYao, JianZonca, Andrea2025-09-20Polarized foreground emission from the Galaxy is one of the biggest challenges facing current and upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments. We develop new models of polarized Galactic dust and synchrotron emission at CMB frequencies that draw on the latest observational constraints; that employ the “polarization fraction tensor” framework to couple intensity and polarization in a physically motivated way; and that allow for stochastic realizations of small-scale structure at subarcminute angular scales currently unconstrained by full-sky data. We implement these models into the publicly available Python Sky Model (PySM) software and additionally provide PySM interfaces to select models of dust and CO emission from the literature. We characterize the behavior of each model by quantitatively comparing it to observational constraints in both maps and power spectra, demonstrating an overall improvement over previous PySM models. Finally, we synthesize models of the various Galactic foreground components into a coherent suite of three plausible microwave skies that span a range of astrophysical complexity allowed by current data. Author contributions to this paper can be found at the end of this work.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q74k4hxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2q74k4hx/qt2q74k4hx.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/adf212articleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 991, iss 123oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5js1s12m2026-04-30T21:52:37Zqt5js1s12mThe Cosmic Evolution of C IV Absorbers at 1.4 < z < 4.5: Insights from 100,000 Systems in DESI QuasarsAnand, AbhijeetAguilar, JAhlen, SBianchi, DBrodzeller, ABrooks, DCanning, RClaybaugh, TCuceu, Ade la Macorra, ADoel, PFerraro, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GGuy, JHerrera-Alcantar, HKIshak, MJuneau, SKehoe, RKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMuñoz-Gutiérrez, ANapolitano, LPérez-Ràfols, IRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GTemple, MJWeaver, BAZhou, R2025-09-10We present the largest catalog to date of triply ionized carbon (C iv) absorbers detected in quasar spectra from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. Using an automated matched-kernel convolution method with adaptive signal-to-noise thresholds, we identify 101,487 C iv systems in the redshift range 1.4 < z < 4.5 from 300,637 quasar spectra. Completeness is estimated via Monte Carlo simulations, and the catalog is 50% complete at EWC IV ≥ 0.4 Å. The differential equivalent width frequency distribution declines exponentially and shows weak redshift evolution. The absorber incidence per unit comoving path increases by a factor of 2–5 from z ≈ 4.5 to z ≈ 1.4, with stronger redshift evolution for strong systems. Using column densities derived from the apparent optical depth method, we constrain the cosmic mass density of C iv, ΩC IV, which increases by a factor of ∼3.8 from (0.82 ± 0.05) × 10−8 at z ≈ 4.5 to (3.16 ± 0.2) × 10−8 at z ≈ 1.4. From ΩC IV, we estimate a lower limit on intergalactic medium metallicity log(ZIGM/Z⊙)≳−3.25 at z ∼ 2.3, with a smooth decline at higher redshifts. These trends trace the cosmic star formation history and He ii photoheating rate, suggesting a link between C iv enrichment, star formation, and UV background over ∼3 Gyr. The catalog also provides a critical resource for future studies connecting circumgalactic metals to galaxy evolution, especially near cosmic noon.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5js1s12mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5js1s12m/qt5js1s12m.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/adef3carticleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 990, iss 2151oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt53d269sz2026-04-30T21:52:33Zqt53d269szLife-cycle carbon footprint and total production potential of cross-laminated timber from California’s wildland-urban interfaceBose, BaishakhiHendrickson, Thomas PNordahl, Sarah LKane, SethFan, JinMiller, Sabbie AScown, Corinne D2025-09-01The frequency, scale, and severity of wildfires are steadily increasing in the Western United States. Sustainable forest management practices through forest thinning could reduce the impact of wildfires and provide lumber for wood-based, long-lived, and low-carbon building materials. This study explores the potential for harvesting biomass in California (CA) to mitigate wildfire risk and provide multi-decade carbon storage in the form of cross-laminated timber (CLT) for use in buildings. First, we assessed biomass resource availability, finding that the total live hardwood and live softwood available in the wildland-urban interfaces (WUIs) across CA sums to 14.1 million metric tons (MMT) and 34.9 MMT, respectively, which contains the equivalent of 90 MMT of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Then, we conducted a life cycle assessment of CLT considering softwood and hardwood sources to provide insights into emissions and energy demand associated with utilization of the wood removed for wildfire risk management. We found that the net life cycle carbon footprint of live hardwood and softwood when including biogenic carbon storage/emissions is 414 and 317 kg CO2e/m3 CLT, respectively. To incorporate the timing of these emissions and uptake, we have also conducted a cradle-to-grave time-dependent global warming potential (GWP) analysis. The time-adjusted GWP for live hardwood and live softwood is −227 and −104 kg CO2e/m3 CLT, respectively. In terms of total CLT production potential, 0.03 and 0.005 million m3 CLT can be sourced from live softwood and hardwood, respectively, in WUI on gentle slopes in CA. The resulting insights and approaches from this study are broadly applicable to other forested regions and WUIs across the US and the world, and provide a holistic approach to use forest thinning as a wildfire mitigation strategy in combination with a novel approach for life cycle assessment of building materials with a limited dataset.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)4102 Ecological Applications (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)3007 Forestry Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)12 Responsible Consumption and Production (sdg)15 Life on Land (sdg)wildfire riskclimate changelife cycle assessment (LCA)greenhouse gas emissionsdead woodcross-laminated timber (CLT)mixed softwoodMeteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/53d269szhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt53d269sz/qt53d269sz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-9326/adf868articleEnvironmental Research Letters, vol 20, iss 9094046oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40f590rr2026-04-30T21:52:27Zqt40f590rrSemi-inclusive direct photon + jet and π0+jet correlations measured in p+p and central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeVAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAnderson, DMAschenauer, ECAslam, SAtchison, JBairathi, VBao, XBarish, KBehera, SBellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABhatta, SBhosale, SRBielcik, JBielcikova, JBrandenburg, JDBroodo, CCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DCeska, JChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, ZChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, QChen, ZCheng, JCheng, YChristie, WChu, XCorey, SCrawford, HJCsanád, MDale-Gau, GDas, ADeppner, IMDeshpande, ADhamija, ADimri, ADixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFeng, YFinch, EFisyak, YFlor, FAFu, CFu, TGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGao, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGu, AGupta, AGuryn, WHamed, AHan, XHarabasz, SHarasty, MDHarris, JWHarrison-Smith, HHavener, LBHe, XHHe, YHerrmann, NHolub, LHu, CHu, QHu, YHuang, HHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, Y2025-06-01The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider reports new measurements of jet quenching based on the semi-inclusive distribution of charged-particle jets recoiling from direct photon (γdir) and neutral pion (π0) triggers in pp and central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV for triggers in the range 95106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40f590rrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt40f590rr/qt40f590rr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/8b8y-98yharticlePhysical Review C, vol 111, iss 6064907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hs8m8262026-04-30T21:52:22Zqt9hs8m826Mitigating imaging systematics for DESI 2024 emission Line Galaxies and beyondRosado-Marín, AJRoss, AJSeo, HRezaie, MKong, Hde Mattia, AZhou, RAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OBianchi, DBrooks, DBurtin, EChaussidon, EChen, XClaybaugh, TDawson, KSde la Macorra, ADey, ADoel, PFanning, KFerraro, SForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHahn, CHanif, MMSHowlett, CJuneau, SKehoe, RKisner, TKremin, AKrolewski, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JNewman, JAPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRaichoor, ARossi, GRuggeri, RSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DVargas-Magaña, MWeaver, BAYu, JZou, H2025-07-01Emission Line Galaxies (ELGs) are one of the main tracers that the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) uses to probe the universe. However, they are afflicted by strong spurious correlations between target density and observing conditions known as imaging systematics. In this paper, we present the imaging systematics mitigation applied to the DESI Data Release 1 (DR1) large-scale structure catalogs used in the DESI 2024 cosmological analyses. We also explore extensions of the fiducial treatment. This includes a combined approach, through forward image simulations (Obiwan) in conjunction with neural network-based regression, to obtain an angular selection function that mitigates the imaging systematics observed in the DESI DR1 ELGs target density. We further derive a line of sight selection function from the forward model that removes the strong redshift dependence between imaging systematics and low redshift ELGs. Combining both angular and redshift-dependent systematics, we construct a three-dimensional selection function and assess the impact of all selection functions on clustering statistics. We quantify differences between these extended treatments and the fiducial treatment in terms of the measured 2-point statistics. We find that the results are generally consistent with the fiducial treatment and conclude that the differences are far less than the imaging systematics uncertainty included in DESI 2024 full-shape measurements. We extend our investigation to the ELGs at 0.6 < z < 0.8, i.e., beyond the redshift range (0.8 < z < 1.6) adopted for the DESI clustering catalog, and demonstrate that determining the full three-dimensional selection function is necessary in this redshift range. Our tests showed that all changes are consistent with statistical noise for BAO analyses indicating they are robust to even severe imaging systematics. Specific tests for the full-shape analysis will be presented in a companion paper.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)galaxy clusteringbaryon acoustic oscillationsMachine0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hs8m826https://escholarship.org/content/qt9hs8m826/qt9hs8m826.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/07/018articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 07018oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt53f7f7w22026-04-30T21:52:15Zqt53f7f7w2Capacitive response of biological membranesFarhadi, JafarFernandes, Joshua BShekhar, KarthikMandadapu, Kranthi K2025-06-01We present a minimal model to analyze the capacitive response of a biological membrane subjected to a step voltage via blocking electrodes. Through a perturbative analysis of the underlying electrolyte transport equations, we show that the leading-order relaxation of the transmembrane potential is governed by a capacitive timescale, τ_{C}=λ_{D}L/D(2+Γδ^{M}/L/4+Γδ^{M}/λ_{D}), where λ_{D} is the Debye screening length, L is the electrolyte width, Γ is the ratio of the permittivity of the electrolyte to the membrane, δ^{M} is the membrane thickness, and D is the ionic diffusivity. This timescale is considerably shorter than the traditional RC timescale λ_{D}L/D for a bare electrolyte due to the membrane's low permittivity and finite thickness. Beyond the linear regime, however, salt diffusion in the bulk electrolyte drives a secondary, nonlinear relaxation process of the transmembrane potential over a longer timescale τ_{L}=L^{2}/4π^{2}D. A simple equivalent-circuit model accurately captures the linear behavior, and the perturbation expansion remains applicable across the entire range of observed physiological transmembrane potentials. Together, these findings underscore the importance of the faster capacitive timescale and nonlinear effects on the bulk diffusion timescale in determining transmembrane potential dynamics for a range of biological systems.40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Cell Membrane (mesh)Electric Capacitance (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Membrane Potentials (mesh)Diffusion (mesh)Electrolytes (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Electrolytes (mesh)Diffusion (mesh)Membrane Potentials (mesh)Electric Capacitance (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Cell Membrane (mesh)Electric Capacitance (mesh)ModelsBiological (mesh)Membrane Potentials (mesh)Diffusion (mesh)Electrolytes (mesh)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/53f7f7w2https://escholarship.org/content/qt53f7f7w2/qt53f7f7w2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physreve.111.064412articlePhysical Review E, vol 111, iss 6064412oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rd040mb2026-04-30T21:52:11Zqt8rd040mbC12(n,n1′γ) partial γ-ray cross section measured using the GENESIS arrayGordon, JMGoldblum, BLBrown, JALaplace, TABatchelder, JCBleuel, DLBrand, CABuckley, BGeorgiadou, AHenderson, CJJohnson, TSLee, JWMyers, KNagel, TSSebastian, JRVoyles, ASBernstein, LA2025-04-01Improved neutron inelastic scattering cross sections have repeatedly been identified as a top priority nuclear data need, important for basic science and a range of applications in nuclear energy, stockpile stewardship, and proliferation detection. For the ( ) reaction in particular, recent measurements have unveiled some structural discrepancies, demonstrating incongruities among themselves and in relation to the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data evaluation. To help resolve these disagreements, a measurement was performed at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory using a broad-spectrum neutron beam and a 99.8% pure natural carbon target. The Gamma Energy Neutron Energy Spectrometer for Inelastic Scattering (GENESIS) was employed to measure energy-differential -ray emission spectra as a function of incident neutron energy in the energy range of 5.5 to 16.7 MeV. The partial -ray cross sections were extracted at , and with respect to the incoming neutron beam and integrated using angular distribution data available in the literature. The data show agreement with a recent literature measurement and evaluation from 11 to 15 MeV, but indicate a larger cross section for incident neutron energies between 5.5 and 8.5 MeV. The measured relative angular distributions are also reported and were found to agree with evaluation.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rd040mbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8rd040mb/qt8rd040mb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.111.044608articlePhysical Review C, vol 111, iss 4044608oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6g61625x2026-04-30T21:52:07Zqt6g61625xIn planta production of the nylon precursor beta-ketoadipateKazaz, SamiTripathi, JayaTian, YangTurumtay, HalbayChin, DylanPamukçu, İremNimavat, MonikabenTurumtay, Emine AkyuzBaidoo, Edward EKScown, Corinne DEudes, Aymerick2025-08-01Beta-ketoadipate (βKA) is an intermediate of the βKA pathway involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds in several bacteria and fungi. Beta-ketoadipate also represents a promising chemical for the manufacturing of performance-advantaged nylons. We established a strategy for the in planta synthesis of βKA via manipulation of the shikimate pathway and the expression of bacterial enzymes from the βKA pathway. Using Nicotiana benthamiana as a transient expression system, we demonstrated the efficient conversion of protocatechuate (PCA) to βKA when plastid-targeted bacterial-derived PCA 3,4-dioxygenase (PcaHG) and 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase (PcaB) were co-expressed with 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (AroG) and 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB). This metabolic pathway was reconstituted in Arabidopsis by introducing a construct (pAtβKA) with stacked pcaG, pcaH, and pcaB genes into a PCA-overproducing genetic background that expresses AroG and QsuB (referred as QsuB-2). The resulting QsuB-2 x pAtβKA stable lines displayed βKA titers as high as 0.25 % on a dry weight basis in stems, along with a drastic reduction in lignin content and improvement of biomass saccharification efficiency compared to wild-type controls, and without any significant reduction in biomass yields. Using biomass sorghum as a potential crop for large-scale βKA production, techno-economic analysis indicated that βKA accumulated at titers of 0.25 % and 4 % on a dry weight basis could be competitively priced in the range of $2.04-34.49/kg and $0.47-2.12/kg, respectively, depending on the selling price of the residual biomass recovered after βKA extraction. This study lays the foundation for a more environmentally-friendly synthesis of βKA using plants as production hosts.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)36 Creative Arts and Writing (for-2020)3206 Medical Biotechnology (for-2020)3601 Art HistoryTheory and Criticism (for-2020)3001 Agricultural Biotechnology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Nicotiana (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Adipates (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Shikimic Acid (mesh)Beta-ketoadipateBioproductPlant engineeringShikimate pathwayLigninTechno-economic analysisPlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Shikimic Acid (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Adipates (mesh)Nicotiana (mesh)Beta-ketoadipateBioproductLigninPlant engineeringShikimate pathwayTechno-economic analysisNicotiana (mesh)Arabidopsis (mesh)Adipates (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Metabolic Engineering (mesh)Shikimic Acid (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)10 Technology (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3206 Medical biotechnology (for-2020)3601 Art historytheory and criticism (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g61625xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6g61625x/qt6g61625x.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.008articleJournal of Biotechnology, vol 404102 - 111oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9gt3k4032026-04-30T21:52:02Zqt9gt3k403Longitudinal tapering in gas jets for increased efficiency of 10-GeV class laser plasma acceleratorsLi, RPicksley, ABenedetti, CFilippi, FStackhouse, JFan-Chiang, LTsai, HENakamura, KSchroeder, CBvan Tilborg, JEsarey, EGeddes, CGRGonsalves, AJ2025-04-01Modern laser plasma accelerators often require plasma waveguides tens of centimeters long to propagate a high-intensity drive laser pulse. Tapering the longitudinal gas density profile in 10 cm scale gas jets could allow for single stage laser plasma acceleration well beyond 10 GeV with current petawatt-class laser systems. Via simulation and interferometry measurements, we show density control by longitudinally adjusting the throat width and jet angle. Density profiles appropriate for tapering were calculated analytically and via particle-in-cell simulations and were matched experimentally. These simulations show that tapering can increase electron beam energy using 19 J laser energy from ∼9 GeV to >12 GeV in a 30 cm plasma and the accelerated charge by an order of magnitude.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)ATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Applied Physics (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gt3k403https://escholarship.org/content/qt9gt3k403/qt9gt3k403.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0250698articleReview of Scientific Instruments, vol 96, iss 4043306oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6083v1sm2026-04-30T21:51:58Zqt6083v1smAn XML-hierarchical data structure for ENSDFHurst, Aaron2016-03-15NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6083v1smhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6083v1sm/qt6083v1sm.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4rx6b1k32026-04-30T21:51:54Zqt4rx6b1k3Scintillator Library: A database of inorganic and organic scintillator propertiesShook, LLaplace, TABoswell, MSBourret, EDDerenzo, SEGoldblum, BL2025-06-01The Scintillator Library (scintillator.lbl.gov) is a database of scintillator properties hosted by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in a web-accessible format. It contains a variety of measured inorganic and organic scintillator properties extracted from peer-reviewed literature and manufacturer specifications. Data housed within the Scintillator Library supply an important resource for developers of scintillator-based detection systems and an aid for scientists seeking to establish connections between fundamental material and chemical properties and the associated scintillation performance.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Nuclear dataOrganic scintillatorInorganic scintillatorQuenchingNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rx6b1k3https://escholarship.org/content/qt4rx6b1k3/qt4rx6b1k3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170389articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 1075170389oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt95x7v4jp2026-04-30T21:51:49Zqt95x7v4jpExperimental determination of hydrogen isotopic equilibrium in the system H2O(l)-H2(g) from 3 to 90 °CHochscheid, FloraTurner, Andrew CLotem, NoamBill, MarkusStolper, Daniel A2025-04-01Molecular hydrogen (H2) is found in a variety of settings on and in the Earth from low-temperature sediments to hydrothermal vents, and is actively being considered as an energy resource for the transition to a green energy future. The hydrogen isotopic composition of H2, given as D/H ratios or δD, varies in nature by hundreds of per mil from ∼−800 ‰ in hydrothermal and sedimentary systems to ∼+450 ‰ in the stratosphere. This range reflects a variety of processes, including kinetic isotope effects associated with formation and destruction and equilibration with water, the latter proceeding at fast (order year) timescales at low temperatures (<100 °C). At isotopic equilibrium, the D/H fractionation factor between liquid water and hydrogen (DαH2O(l)-H2(g)) is a function of temperature and can thus be used as a geothermometer for H2 formation or re-equilibration temperatures. Multiple studies have produced theoretical calculations for hydrogen isotopic equilibrium between H2 and water vapor. However, only three published experimental calibrations used in geochemistry exist for the H2O-H2 system: two between 51 and 742 °C for H2O(g)-H2(g) (Suess, 1949; Cerrai et al., 1954), and one in the H2O(l)-H2(g) system for temperatures <100 °C (Rolston et al., 1976). Despite these calibrations existing, there is uncertainty on their accuracy at low temperatures (<100 °C; e.g., Horibe and Craig, 1995). Here we present a new experimental calibration of the equilibrium hydrogen isotopic fractionation factor for liquid water and molecular hydrogen from 3 to 90 °C. Equilibration was achieved using platinum catalysts and verified via experimental bracketing by approaching final values of DαH2O(l)-H2(g) at a given temperature from both higher (top-bracket) and lower (bottom-bracket) initial Dα values. Our calibration yields the following equation: 1000 × ln D α H 2 O l - H 2 g = - 526 . 48 + 559 , 316 T Where T is in Kelvin. We find that our calibrations differ from prior experimental calibrations by, on average, up to 20 ‰ and prior theoretical results by up to, on average, 25 ‰. Good agreement with theoretical results (<11 ‰ differences) is found for calculations that consider both anharmonic effects and the Diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Hydrogen stable isotopesHydrogen isotopic equilibriumExperimental calibration0402 Geochemistry (for)0403 Geology (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)Geochemistry & Geophysics (science-metrix)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/95x7v4jphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt95x7v4jp/qt95x7v4jp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.gca.2025.02.029articleGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol 394368 - 382oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4zg5t9st2026-04-30T21:51:42Zqt4zg5t9stSpatially Enhanced Electrostatic Doping in Graphene Realized via Heterointerfacial Precipitated MetalsLiang, JiayunMa, KeWalker, EdwardJohnson, CameronZhao, XiaoTerlier, TanguyThomas, John CWan, JiaweiDale, NicholasRotenberg, EliBostwick, AaronJozwiak, ChrisJang, Ji‐WoongSalmeron, MiquelAshby, Paul DKim, JongkukZheng, HaimeiWeber‐Bargioni, AlexanderBeechem, ThomasSherburne, Matthew PAl Balushi, Zakaria Y2025-06-01Forming heavily-doped regions in 2D materials, like graphene, is a steppingstone to the design of emergent devices and heterostructures. Here, a selective-area approach is presented to tune the work-function and carrier density in monolayer graphene by spatially synthesizing sub-monolayer gallium beneath the 2D-solid. The localized metallic gallium is formed via precipitation from an underlying diamond-like carbon (DLC) film that is spatially implanted with gallium-ions. By controlling the interfacial precipitation process with annealing temperature, spatially precise ambipolar tuning of the graphene work-function is achieved, and the tunning effect preserved upon cooling to ambient conditions. Consequently, charge carrier densities from ≈1.8 × 1010 cm-2 (hole-doped) to ≈7 × 1013 cm-2 (electron-doped) are realized, confirmed by in situ and ex situ measurements. The theoretical studies corroborated the role of gallium at the heterointerface on charge transfer and electrostatic doping of the graphene overlayer. Specifically, sub-monolayer gallium facilitates heavy n-doping in graphene. Extending this doping strategy to other implantable elements in DLC provides a new means of exploring the physics and chemistry of highly-doped 2D materials.40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)dopinggrapheneimplantationinterfacelow energy electron microscopyselective-areadopinggrapheneimplantationinterfacelow energy electron microscopyselective‐areaNanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zg5t9sthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4zg5t9st/qt4zg5t9st.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/smll.202412750articleSmall, vol 21, iss 232412750oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt83k8w0w92026-04-30T21:51:37Zqt83k8w0w9Spatiotemporal dynamics of ionic reorganization near biological membrane interfacesRow, HyeongjooFernandes, Joshua BMandadapu, Kranthi KShekhar, Karthik2025-02-01Electrical signals in excitable cells involve spatially localized ionic fluxes through ion channels and pumps on cellular lipid membranes. Common approaches to understand how these fluxes spread assume that the membrane and the surrounding electrolyte comprise an equivalent circuit of capacitors and resistors, which ignores the localized nature of transmembrane ion transport, the resulting ionic gradients and electric fields, and their spatiotemporal relaxation. Here, we consider a model of localized ion pumping across a lipid membrane, and use theory and simulation to investigate how the electrochemical signal propagates spatiotemporally in and out of plane along the membrane. The localized pumping generates long-ranged electric fields with three distinct scaling regimes along the membrane: a constant potential near-field region, an intermediate monopolar region, and a far-field dipolar region. Upon sustained pumping, the monopolar region expands radially in plane with a steady speed that is enhanced by the dielectric mismatch and the finite thickness of the lipid membrane. For unmyelinated lipid membranes in physiological settings, we find remarkably fast propagation speeds of , allowing faster ionic reorganization compared to bare diffusion. Together, our paper shows that transmembrane ionic fluxes induce transient long-ranged electric fields in electrolyte solutions, which may play hitherto unappreciated roles in biological signaling.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)CSD-03-CPIMS-A (c-lbnl-label)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/83k8w0w9info:doi/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.013185articlePhysical Review Research, vol 7, iss 1013185oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8px3z87m2026-04-30T21:51:33Zqt8px3z87mIn-situ/operando study of Cu-based nanocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction using electrochemical liquid cell TEMWan, JiaweiZhang, QiuboLiu, ErshuaiChen, YiZheng, JianaRen, AmyDrisdell, Walter SZheng, Haimei2025-01-01The structure of a nanocatalyst during electrocatalytic reactions often deviates from its pristine structure due to intrinsic properties, or physical and chemical adsorption at the catalytic surfaces. Taking Cu-based catalysts for CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2RR) as an example, they often experience segregation, leaching, and alloying during reactions. With the recent breakthrough development of high-resolution polymer electrochemical liquid cells, in-situ electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (EC-TEM) alongside other advanced microscopy techniques, has become a powerful platform for revealing electrocatalysts restructuring at the atomic level. Considering the complex reactions involving electrified solid-liquid interfaces and catalyst structural evolution with intermediates, systematic studies with multimodal approaches are crucial. In this article, we demonstrate a research protocol for the study of electrocatalysts structural evolution during reactions using the in-situ EC-TEM platform. Using Cu and CuAg nanowire catalysts for CO2RR as model systems, we describe the experimental procedures and findings. We highlight the platform's crucial role in elucidating atomic-scale pathways of nanocatalyst restructuring and identifying catalytic active sites, as well as avoiding potential artifacts to ensure unbiased conclusions. Using the multimodal characterization toolbox, we provide the opportunity to correlate the structure of a working catalyst with its performance. Finally, we discuss advancements as well as the remaining gap in elucidating the structural-performance relationship of working catalysts. We expect this article will assist in establishing guidelines for future investigations of complex electrochemical reactions, such as CO₂RR and other catalytic processes, using the in-situ EC-TEM platform.3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)electrochemical liquid cell TEMin-situoperandonanocatalystsCu-based catalystsCO2 electroreductionnanocatalyst restructuringCO2 electroreductionCu-based catalystselectrochemical liquid cell TEMin-situnanocatalyst restructuringnanocatalystsoperando34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8px3z87mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8px3z87m/qt8px3z87m.pdfinfo:doi/10.3389/fchem.2025.1525245articleFrontiers in Chemistry, vol 131525245oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2c12d2842026-04-30T21:51:28Zqt2c12d284Decay studies of the β-delayed neutron emitters Br87 and Br88 measured by means of the Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer at ORNL HRIBFStepaniuk, MKarny, MFijałkowska, ARykaczewski, KPRasco, BCGrzywacz, RKWolińska-Cichocka, MAllmond, JMBatchelder, JCBingham, CBlackmon, JCBrewer, NTGo, SGoetz, KCGross, CJJohnson, JJost, CUHamilton, JHKing, TTKolos, KMatta, JTMiernik, KMadurga, MMiller, DNesaraja, CDPadgett, SPaulauskas, SVRajabali, MMStracener, DWSpejewski, EHTaylor, SWang, EHWinger, JAXiao, YZganjar, EF2024-11-01The β decays of Br87, Br88, and Kr87 were measured with the Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer (MTAS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). Both bromine isotopes are β-delayed neutron emitters that have large cumulative fission yields and were identified as top-priority cases for total absorption study by the Nuclear Energy Agency in 2007. Our investigations corroborate that the decay schemes of Br87 and Br88 suffer from the so-called pandemonium effect. Unique MTAS properties enable direct neutron measurements. We present MTAS-derived β-delayed neutron spectra, β-delayed neutron emission probabilities of Pn(Br87) =2.36(24)%, and Pn(Br88) =6.4(6)%, and the β-delayed neutron transitions intensity of 4(2)% to the first excited Kr87 state, populated in the β-neutron decay of Br88. Incorporating new data into calculations of the electromagnetic decay heat component emitted during thermal neutron fission of U235 and Pu239 improves agreement with experimental data up to approximately 80 s after fission. The estimation of the nuclear reactor ν¯e flux results in changes of up to 1% in the expected ν¯e interactions with the detector material for U235, U238, Pu239, and Pu241.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c12d284https://escholarship.org/content/qt2c12d284/qt2c12d284.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.110.054321articlePhysical Review C, vol 110, iss 5054321oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5f17p68c2026-04-30T21:51:24Zqt5f17p68cOptimal reconstruction of baryon acoustic oscillations for DESI 2024Paillas, EDing, ZChen, XSeo, HPadmanabhan, Nde Mattia, ARoss, AJNadathur, SHowlett, CAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OAndrade, UBrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, EChen, SClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDoel, PFanning, KFerraro, SForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHahn, CHanif, MMSHonscheid, KIshak, MKehoe, RKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMedina-Varela, LMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Fernández, ARashkovetskyi, MRezaie, MRosado-Marin, ARossi, GRuggeri, RSanchez, ESaulder, CSchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GValcin, DVargas-Magaña, MYu, JYuan, SZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) provide a robust standard ruler to measure the expansion history of the Universe through galaxy clustering. Density-field reconstruction is now a widely adopted procedure for increasing the precision and accuracy of the BAO detection. With the goal of finding the optimal reconstruction settings to be used in the DESI 2024 galaxy BAO analysis, we assess the sensitivity of the post-reconstruction BAO constraints to different choices in our analysis configuration, performing tests on blinded data from the first year of DESI observations (DR1), as well as on mocks that mimic the expected clustering and selection properties of the DESI DR1 target samples. Overall, we find that BAO constraints remain robust against multiple aspects in the reconstruction process, including the choice of smoothing scale, treatment of redshift-space distortions, fiber assignment incompleteness, and parameterizations of the BAO model. We also present a series of tests that DESI followed in order to assess the maturity of the end-to-end galaxy BAO pipeline before the unblinding of the large-scale structure catalogs.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f17p68chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5f17p68c/qt5f17p68c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/142articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01142oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4554c70k2026-04-30T21:51:20Zqt4554c70kTechnoeconomic analysis for near-term scale-up of bioprocessesPoddar, Tuhin KScown, Corinne D2025-04-01Growing the bioeconomy requires products and pathways that are cost-competitive. Technoeconomic analyses (TEAs) aim to predict the long-term economic viability and often use what are known as nth plant cost and performance parameters. However, as TEA is more widely adopted to inform everything from early-stage research to company and investor decision-making, the nth plant approach is inadequate and risks being misused to inform the early stages of scale-up. Some methods exist for conducting first-of-a-kind/pioneer plant cost analyses, but these receive less attention and have not been critically evaluated. This article explores TEA methods for early-stage scale-up, critically evaluates their applicability to biofuels and bioproducts, and recommends strategies for producing TEA results better suited to guiding prioritization and successful scale-up of bioprocesses.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Biotechnology (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Costs and Cost Analysis (mesh)Biotechnology (mesh)Costs and Cost Analysis (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Biotechnology (mesh)Biofuels (mesh)Costs and Cost Analysis (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)10 Technology (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3106 Industrial biotechnology (for-2020)3206 Medical biotechnology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4554c70khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4554c70k/qt4554c70k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103258articleCurrent Opinion in Biotechnology, vol 92103258oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt77t1p45r2026-04-30T21:51:16Zqt77t1p45rSeparation of life stages within anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) highlights differences in global transcription and metabolismButkovich, Lazarina VLeggieri, Patrick ALillington, Stephen PNavaratna, Tejas ASwift, Candice LMalinov, Nikola GZalunardo, Thea RVining, Oliver BLipzen, AnnaWang, MeiYan, JuyingNg, VivianGrigoriev, Igor VO'Malley, Michelle A2025-02-01Anaerobic gut fungi of the phylum Neocallimastigomycota are microbes proficient in valorizing low-cost but difficult-to-breakdown lignocellulosic plant biomass. Characterization of different fungal life stages and how they contribute to biomass breakdown are critical for biotechnological applications, yet we lack foundational knowledge about the transcriptional, metabolic, and enzyme secretion behavior of different life stages of anaerobic gut fungi: zoospores, germlings, immature thalli, and mature zoosporangia. A Miracloth-based technique was developed to enrich cell pellets with zoospores - the free-swimming, flagellated, young life stage of anaerobic gut fungi. By contrast, fungal mats contained relatively more vegetative, encysted, mature sporangia that form films. Global gene expression profiles were compared from two sample types (zoospore-enriched cell pellets vs. mature mats) harvested from the anaerobic gut fungal strain Neocallimastix californiae G1. Despite cultures being grown on glucose, the fungal zoospore-enriched samples were transcriptionally primed to encounter plant matter substrate, as evidenced by upregulation of catabolic carbohydrate-active enzymes and putative carbohydrate transporters. Furthermore, we report significant differential gene expression for gene annotation groups, including putative secondary metabolites and transcription factors. Understanding global gene expression differences between the fungal zoospore-enriched cells and mature fungi aid in characterizing fungal development, unmasking gene function, and guiding cultivation conditions and engineering targets to promote enzyme secretion.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Neocallimastigomycota (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)SporesFungal (mesh)TranscriptionGenetic (mesh)Life Cycle Stages (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Anaerobic fungiNeocallimastigomycotaRNA-SeqDifferential expressionSporeCAZymeSporesFungal (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Biomass (mesh)TranscriptionGenetic (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Life Cycle Stages (mesh)Neocallimastigomycota (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Anaerobic fungiCAZymeDifferential expressionNeocallimastigomycotaRNA-SeqSporeAnaerobiosis (mesh)Neocallimastigomycota (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)SporesFungal (mesh)TranscriptionGenetic (mesh)Life Cycle Stages (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Biomass (mesh)0604 Genetics (for)0605 Microbiology (for)0607 Plant Biology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)3105 Genetics (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/77t1p45rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt77t1p45r/qt77t1p45r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103958articleFungal Genetics and Biology, vol 176103958oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2551h4pm2026-04-30T21:51:12Zqt2551h4pmCross sections for the formation of Rb84m,g, Rb83, and Rb82m in Sr86(d,x) reactions up to deuteron energies of 49 MeV: Competition between α-particle and multinucleon emission processesUddin, MSSudár, SBasunia, MSSpahn, IVoyles, ASHermanne, ABernstein, LANeumaier, BQaim, SM2024-12-01Cross sections of Sr86(d,x) reactions leading to the products Rb84m,g, Rb83, and Rb82m were measured by the stacked-sample activation technique up to deuteron energies of 49 MeV. Nuclear model calculations were performed using the codes talys and empire, which combine the statistical, precompound, and direct interaction components. In all cases, the empire results were much higher than the talys calculation. Fairly good agreement was obtained between measured data and the talys calculation after some optimization of the input model parameters. Insight into competition between α-particle and multinucleon emission in the Y88 compound-nucleus system was also gained.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2551h4pmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2551h4pm/qt2551h4pm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.110.064608articlePhysical Review C, vol 110, iss 6064608oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6qk4b88p2026-04-30T21:51:07Zqt6qk4b88pRealization of a Photoelectrochemical Cascade for the Generation of Methanol: A Liquid Solar FuelChan, ThomasKong, Calton JRome, Grace ACollins, Darci KKing, Alex JPrabhakar, Rajiv RamanujamCollins, Sarah AYoung, Michelle SWilson, Mickey JSteiner, Myles ATamboli, Adele CWarren, Emily LKubiak, Clifford PAger, Joel WGreenaway, Ann L2025-02-27Biochemical networks use reaction cascades to selectively reduce CO2 using energy from sunlight, but can similar selectivity be achieved by applying a cascade approach to an engineered system? Here, we report the design and implementation of a two-step photoelectrochemical (PEC) cascade to a liquid solar fuel: reduction of CO2 to CO and subsequent reduction of CO to methanol. The potentials required to perform the reductions were generated using custom-made III-V-based three-terminal tandem (3TT) solar cells. Cobalt phthalocyanine immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CoPc/MWCNT) catalyzed both reactions. Multiphysics simulations of electrolyte flow and nonilluminated electrochemical measurements were used to narrow the operating parameters for the CoPc/MWCNT 3TT photocathodes. The champion integrated photocathode produced methanol with 3.8 ± 0.4% Faradaic efficiency (FE), with tested photocathodes having 0.7-3.8% methanol FE. Products were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The current output of the tested photocathodes was highly stable, and methanol production continued over multiple experiments. The low methanol yield is attributed to insufficient CO flux to, and CO2 depletion at, the methanol-producing subcell when both contacts are active, which is supported by the observation that a control photoelectrode slightly outperformed the methanol production of the 3TT device. Methanol production ceased when the 3TT subcell driving CO reduction was deactivated, supporting the assignment of a cascade mechanism. The major factors resulting in low methanol FE by the CoPc/MWCNT 3TT photocathodes are insufficient CO2 depletion at the methanol-producing contact and uncertainty in operating potential selection using the 3TT design. Although the CoPc/MWCNT 3TT photocathode is not yet highly selective, this work develops the basic science principles underlying the PEC cascade, demonstrates the co-design of a 3TT-based photoelectrode to produce carbon-based fuels, and finally discusses routes for improving product yields with this concept, including CO2 supply optimization and alternative photoelectrode and catalyst materials.40 Engineering (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)0904 Chemical Engineering (for)0914 Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy (for)Energy (science-metrix)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)4019 Resources engineering and extractive metallurgy (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qk4b88phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6qk4b88p/qt6qk4b88p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04779articleEnergy & Fuels, vol 39, iss 84019 - 4029oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8465g5b12026-04-30T21:51:02Zqt8465g5b1Matched Guiding and Controlled Injection in Dark-Current-Free, 10-GeV-Class, Channel-Guided Laser-Plasma AcceleratorsPicksley, AStackhouse, JBenedetti, CNakamura, KTsai, HELi, RMiao, BShrock, JERockafellow, EMilchberg, HMSchroeder, CBvan Tilborg, JEsarey, EGeddes, CGRGonsalves, AJ2024-12-20We measure the high-intensity laser propagation throughout meter-scale, channel-guided laser-plasma accelerators by adjusting the length of the plasma channel on a shot-by-shot basis, showing high-quality guiding of 500 TW laser pulses over 30 cm in a hydrogen plasma of density n_{0}≈1×10^{17} cm^{-3}. We observed transverse energy transport of higher-order modes in the first ≈12 cm of the plasma channel, followed by quasimatched propagation, and the gradual, dark-current-free depletion of laser energy to the wake. We quantify the laser-to-wake transfer efficiency limitations of currently available petawatt-class lasers and demonstrate via simulation how control over the laser mode can significantly improve beam parameters. Using 21.3 J of laser energy, and triggering localized electron injection, we observed electron bunches with single, quasimonoenergetic peaks up to 9.2 GeV with charge extending beyond 10 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8465g5b1https://escholarship.org/content/qt8465g5b1/qt8465g5b1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.133.255001articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 133, iss 25255001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20h817sv2026-04-30T21:50:58Zqt20h817svDirect Observation of Morphological and Chemical Changes during the Oxidation of Model Inorganic Ligand-Capped ParticlesJaugstetter, MaximilianQi, XiaoChan, Emory MSalmeron, MiquelWilson, Kevin RNemšák, SlavomírBluhm, Hendrik2025-01-14Functionalization and volatilization are competing reactions during the oxidation of carbonaceous materials and are important processes in many different areas of science and technology. Here, we present a combined ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) and grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) investigation of the oxidation of oleic acid ligands surrounding NaYF4 nanoparticles (NPs) deposited onto SiOx/Si substrates. While APXPS monitors the evolution of the oxidation products, GIXS provides insight into the morphology of the ligands and particles before and after the oxidation. Our investigation shows that the oxidation of the oleic acid ligands proceeds at O2 partial pressures of below 1 mbar in the presence of X-rays, with the oxidation eventually reaching a steady state in which mainly CHx and -COOH functional groups are observed. The scattering data reveal that the oxidation and volatilization reaction proceeds preferentially on the side of the particle facing the gas phase, leading to the formation of a chemically and morphologically asymmetric ligand layer. This comprehensive picture of the oxidation process could be obtained only by combining the X-ray scattering and APXPS data. The investigation presented here lays the foundation for further studies of the stability of NP layers in the presence of reactive trace gases and ionizing radiation and for other nanoscale systems where chemical and morphological changes happen simultaneously and cannot be understood in isolation.40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopygrazingincidence X-ray scatteringcore-shell nanoparticlesoleic acidoxidationambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopycore–shell nanoparticlesgrazing incidence X-ray scatteringoleic acidoxidationCSD-03-CPIMS-A (c-lbnl-label)CSD-15-CAT-B (c-lbnl-label)Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20h817svhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt20h817sv/qt20h817sv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acsnano.4c08846articleACS Nano, vol 19, iss 1418 - 426oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1wd1z6td2026-04-30T21:48:05Zqt1wd1z6tdDephasing of ion beams as magnetic vortex acceleration regime transitions into a bubble-like field structureHakimi, SahelBulanov, Stepan SHuebl, AxelObst-Huebl, LieselotteNakamura, KeiGonsalves, AnthonySchenkel, Thomasvan Tilborg, JeroenVay, Jean-LucSchroeder, Carl BEsarey, EricGeddes, Cameron R2024-12-01The interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse with a near critical density target results in the formation of a plasma channel, a strong azimuthal magnetic field and moving vortices. An application of this is the generation of energetic and collimated ion beams via magnetic vortex acceleration. The optimized regime of magnetic vortex acceleration is becoming experimentally accessible with new high intensity laser beamlines coming online and advances made in near critical density target fabrication. The robustness of the acceleration mechanism with realistic experimental conditions is examined with three-dimensional simulations. Of particular interest is the acceleration performance with different laser temporal contrast conditions, in some cases leading to pre-expanded target profiles prior to the arrival of the main pulse. Preplasma effects on the structure of the accelerating fields are explored, including a detailed analysis of the ion beam properties and the efficiency of the process. Improved scaling laws for the magnetic vortex acceleration mechanism, including the laser focal spot size effects, are presented.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wd1z6tdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1wd1z6td/qt1wd1z6td.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0238727articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 31, iss 12123108oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1964g0902026-04-30T21:48:00Zqt1964g090High-precision chemical quantum sensing in flowing monodisperse microdropletsSarkar, AdrishaJones, Zachary RParashar, MadhurDruga, EmanuelAkkiraju, AmalaConti, SophieKrishnamoorthi, PranavNachuri, SrisaiAman, ParkerHashemi, MohammadNunn, NicholasTorelli, Marco DGilbert, BenjaminWilson, Kevin RShenderova, Olga ATanjore, DeeptiAjoy, Ashok2024-12-13A method is presented for high-precision chemical detection that integrates quantum sensing with droplet microfluidics. Using nanodiamonds (ND) with fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as quantum sensors, rapidly flowing microdroplets containing analyte molecules are analyzed. A noise-suppressed mode of optically detected magnetic resonance is enabled by pairing controllable flow with microwave control of NV electronic spins, to detect analyte-induced signals of a few hundredths of a percent of the ND fluorescence. Using this method, paramagnetic ions in droplets are detected with low limit-of-detection using small analyte volumes, with exceptional measurement stability over >103 s. In addition, these droplets are used as microconfinement chambers by co-encapsulating ND quantum sensors with various analytes such as single cells, suggesting wide-ranging applications including single-cell metabolomics and real-time intracellular measurements from bioreactors. Important advances are enabled by this work, including portable chemical testing devices, amplification-free chemical assays, and chemical imaging tools for probing reactions within microenvironments.3401 Analytical Chemistry (for-2020)5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1964g090https://escholarship.org/content/qt1964g090/qt1964g090.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp4033articleScience Advances, vol 10, iss 50eadp4033oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20f151m92026-04-30T21:47:56Zqt20f151m9Simulations of Sparse Static Detector Networks for City-Scale Radiological/Nuclear DetectionRofors, EAbgrall, NBandstra, MSCooper, RJHellfeld, DJoshi, THYNegut, VQuiter, BJSalathe, M2025-02-01Sparse static detector networks in urban environments can be used in efforts to detect illicit radioactive sources, such as stolen nuclear material or radioactive “dirty bombs.” We use detailed simulations to evaluate multiple configurations of detector networks and their ability to detect sources moving through a $6\times 6$ km2 area of downtown Chicago. A detector network’s probability of detecting a source increases with detector density but can also be increased with strategic node placement. We show that the ability to fuse correlated data from a source-carrying vehicle passing by multiple detectors can significantly contribute to the overall detection probability. In this article, we distinguish static sensor deployments operated as networks able to correlate signals between sensors, from deployments operated as arrays where each sensor is operated individually. In particular, we show that additional visual attributes of source-carrying vehicles, such as vehicle color and make, can greatly improve the ability of a detector network to detect illicit sources.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)DetectorsUrban areasGamma-raysEnergy resolutionData modelsBuildingsRadiation detectorsImage color analysisHardwareFeature extractionDetector networknational securitynuclear nonproliferationnuclear threatsimulationurban environment0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)0903 Biomedical Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20f151m9https://escholarship.org/content/qt20f151m9/qt20f151m9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tns.2024.3518392articleIEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol 72, iss 2205 - 212oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3nt994rv2026-04-30T21:47:52Zqt3nt994rvFactors influencing quantum evaporation of helium from polar semiconductors from first principlesDheer, LakshayTan, Liang ZLyon, SASchenkel, ThomasGriffin, Sinéad M2024-11-01While there is much indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter (DM), to date it has evaded detection. Current efforts focus on DM masses over —to push the sensitivity of DM searches to lower masses, new DM targets and detection schemes are needed. In this work, we focus on the latter—a novel detection scheme recently proposed to detect 10–100 meV phonons in polar target materials. Previous work showed that well-motivated models of DM can interact with polar semiconductors to produce an athermal population of phonons. This new sensing scheme proposes that these phonons then facilitate quantum evaporation of from a van der Waals film deposited on the target material. However, a fundamental understanding of the underlying process is still unclear, with several uncertainties related to the precise rate of evaporation and how it can be controlled. In this work, we use density functional theory calculations to compare the adsorption energies of helium atoms on a polar target material, sodium iodide, to understand the underlying evaporation physics. We explore the role of surface termination, monolayer coverage, and elemental species on the rate of He evaporation from the target material. Using this, we discuss the optimal target features for He-evaporation experiments and their range of tunability through chemical and physical modifications such as applied field and surface termination. Published by the American Physical Society 20245108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nt994rvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3nt994rv/qt3nt994rv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.110.095036articlePhysical Review D, vol 110, iss 9095036oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt09b0192s2026-04-30T21:47:47Zqt09b0192sCorrecting Turbulence-induced Errors in Fiber Positioning for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic InstrumentSchlafly, EFGuy, JHonscheid, KKent, SKoposov, SEAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBrooks, DClaybaugh, TDawson, KDoel, PFanning, KFinkbeiner, DPFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALandriau, MLasker, JLe Guillou, LLevi, MEde la Macorra, AMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JNiz, GPrada, FRossi, GSanchez, ESchubnell, MSharples, RSprayberry, DTarlé, GWeaver, BAZou, H2024-12-01Highly multiplexed, robotic, fiber-fed spectroscopic surveys are observing tens of millions of stars and galaxies. For many systems, accurate positioning relies on imaging the fibers in the focal plane and feeding that information back to the robotic positioners to correct their positions. Inhomogeneities and turbulence in the air between the focal plane and the imaging camera can affect the measured positions of fibers, limiting the accuracy with which fibers can be placed on targets. For the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, we dramatically reduced the effect of turbulence on measurements of positioner locations in the focal plane by taking advantage of stationary positioners and the correlation function of the turbulence. We were able to reduce positioning errors from 7.3 to 3.5 μm, speeding the survey by 1.6% under typical conditions.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/09b0192shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt09b0192s/qt09b0192s.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ad7e12articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 168, iss 6263oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0rh595h42026-04-30T21:47:41Zqt0rh595h4Proton discrimination in CLYC for fast neutron spectroscopyBrown, JAGoldblum, BLGordon, JMLaplace, TANagel, TSVenkatraman, A2024-12-01The Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce (CLYC) elpasolite scintillator is known for its response to fast and thermal neutrons along with good γ -ray energy resolution. While the 35Cl( n , p ) reaction has been identified as a potential means for CLYC-based fast neutron spectroscopy in the absence of time-of-flight (TOF), previous efforts to functionalize CLYC as a fast neutron spectrometer have been thwarted by the inability to isolate proton interactions from 6Li( n , α ) and 35Cl( n , α ) signals. This work introduces a new approach to particle discrimination in CLYC for fission spectrum neutrons using a multi-gate charge integration algorithm that provides excellent separation between protons and heavier charged particles. Neutron TOF data were collected using a 252Cf source, an array of EJ-309 organic liquid scintillators, and a 6 Li-enriched CLYC scintillator outfitted with fast electronics. Modal waveforms were constructed corresponding to the different reaction channels, revealing significant differences in the pulse characteristics of protons and heavier charged particles at ultrafast, fast, and intermediate time scales. These findings informed the design of a pulse shape discrimination algorithm, which was validated using the TOF data. This study also proposes an iterative subtraction method to mitigate contributions from confounding reaction channels in proton and heavier charged particle pulse height spectra, opening the door for CLYC-based fast neutron and γ -ray spectroscopy while preserving sensitivity to thermal neutron capture signals.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ScintillationCLYCNeutron detectionPulse shape discriminationCoincidence measurementsFast neutron spectroscopyNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rh595h4https://escholarship.org/content/qt0rh595h4/qt0rh595h4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169859articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 1069169859oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4q30c56r2026-04-30T21:47:36Zqt4q30c56rImpact of Drought Stress on Sorghum bicolor Yield, Deconstruction, and Microbial Conversion Determined in a Feedstocks-to-Fuels PipelineDalton, Jutta CHuntington, TylerPidatala, VenkataramanaLei, MengziangHill, CayciAngeles, JorgePutnam, DanielDahlberg, JeffGladden, JohnSimmons, Blake AHutmacher, RobertScown, Corinne DScheller, Henrik V2024-10-21Sorghum is an attractive feedstock for biobased fuel and chemical production because it is familiar to farmers, naturally drought tolerant, and versatile as a food, feed, and fuel crop. Although sorghum is a promising feedstock, particularly in regions that experience drought stress, little is known about how drought conditions impact the ease of conversion of sorghum to fuels and products. This study combines agronomic field trials with a high-throughput experimental pipeline to explore the field performance and liquid biofuel (bisabolene) yields resulting from three sorghum types (photosensitive forage sorghum, optimized grain sorghum, and drought-resistant grain sorghum) grown under pre- and postflowering water limitations in two different California locations. Multiple drought treatments are compared to the control, as the timing (preflowering versus postflowering) of drought stress elicits different survival strategies and corresponding impacts on yield and composition. Forage-type sorghum maintained the highest biomass yields across all irrigation conditions and locations. Glucose and xylose yields resulting from ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification were not significantly impacted by irrigation treatments but differed by location and genotype. However, Rhodosporidium toruloides grown on the resulting plant hydrolysates unexpectedly produced higher titers of bisabolene for drought-stressed sorghum samples regardless of genotype.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)3401 Analytical Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)sorghumpre flowering drought stresspostfloweringdrought stressbisabolene conversionhigh samplethroughputfeedstocks-to-fuels pipeline0301 Analytical Chemistry (for)0502 Environmental Science and Management (for)0904 Chemical Engineering (for)3401 Analytical chemistry (for-2020)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q30c56rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4q30c56r/qt4q30c56r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c05826articleACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol 12, iss 4215613 - 15622oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7132507k2026-04-30T21:47:30Zqt7132507kComparative genomic analysis of thermophilic fungi reveals convergent evolutionary adaptations and gene lossesSteindorff, Andrei SAguilar-Pontes, Maria VictoriaRobinson, Aaron JAndreopoulos, BillLaButti, KurtKuo, AlanMondo, StephenRiley, RobertOtillar, RobertHaridas, SajeetLipzen, AnnaGrimwood, JaneSchmutz, JeremyClum, AliciaReid, Ian DMoisan, Marie-ClaudeButler, GregoryNguyen, Thi Truc MinhDewar, KenConant, GavinDrula, ElodieHenrissat, BernardHansel, ColleenSinger, StevenHutchinson, Miriam Ide Vries, Ronald PNatvig, Donald OPowell, Amy JTsang, AdrianGrigoriev, Igor V2024-01-01Thermophily is a trait scattered across the fungal tree of life, with its highest prevalence within three fungal families (Chaetomiaceae, Thermoascaceae, and Trichocomaceae), as well as some members of the phylum Mucoromycota. We examined 37 thermophilic and thermotolerant species and 42 mesophilic species for this study and identified thermophily as the ancestral state of all three prominent families of thermophilic fungi. Thermophilic fungal genomes were found to encode various thermostable enzymes, including carbohydrate-active enzymes such as endoxylanases, which are useful for many industrial applications. At the same time, the overall gene counts, especially in gene families responsible for microbial defense such as secondary metabolism, are reduced in thermophiles compared to mesophiles. We also found a reduction in the core genome size of thermophiles in both the Chaetomiaceae family and the Eurotiomycetes class. The Gene Ontology terms lost in thermophilic fungi include primary metabolism, transporters, UV response, and O-methyltransferases. Comparative genomics analysis also revealed higher GC content in the third base of codons (GC3) and a lower effective number of codons in fungal thermophiles than in both thermotolerant and mesophilic fungi. Furthermore, using the Support Vector Machine classifier, we identified several Pfam domains capable of discriminating between genomes of thermophiles and mesophiles with 94% accuracy. Using AlphaFold2 to predict protein structures of endoxylanases (GH10), we built a similarity network based on the structures. We found that the number of disulfide bonds appears important for protein structure, and the network clusters based on protein structures correlate with the optimal activity temperature. Thus, comparative genomics offers new insights into the biology, adaptation, and evolutionary history of thermophilic fungi while providing a parts list for bioengineering applications.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)GenomeFungal (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Fungi (mesh)AdaptationPhysiological (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Genomics (mesh)AdaptationPhysiological (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Fungi (mesh)AdaptationPhysiological (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7132507khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7132507k/qt7132507k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s42003-024-06681-warticleCommunications Biology, vol 7, iss 11124oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7bf9b2j12026-04-30T21:47:26Zqt7bf9b2j1Mapping protein–DNA interactions with DiMeLo-seqMaslan, AnnieAltemose, NicolasMarcus, JeremyMishra, ReetBrennan, Lucy DSundararajan, KousikKarpen, GaryStraight, Aaron FStreets, Aaron2024-12-01We recently developed directed methylation with long-read sequencing (DiMeLo-seq) to map protein–DNA interactions genome wide. DiMeLo-seq is capable of mapping multiple interaction sites on single DNA molecules, profiling protein binding in the context of endogenous DNA methylation, identifying haplotype-specific protein–DNA interactions and mapping protein–DNA interactions in repetitive regions of the genome that are difficult to study with short-read methods. With DiMeLo-seq, adenines in the vicinity of a protein of interest are methylated in situ by tethering the Hia5 methyltransferase to an antibody using protein A. Protein–DNA interactions are then detected by direct readout of adenine methylation with long-read, single-molecule DNA sequencing platforms such as Nanopore sequencing. Here we present a detailed protocol and practical guidance for performing DiMeLo-seq. This protocol can be run on nuclei from fresh, lightly fixed or frozen cells. The protocol requires 1–2 d for performing in situ targeted methylation, 1–5 d for library preparation depending on desired fragment length and 1–3 d for Nanopore sequencing depending on desired sequencing depth. The protocol requires basic molecular biology skills and equipment, as well as access to a Nanopore sequencer. We also provide a Python package, dimelo, for analysis of DiMeLo-seq data.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Humans (mesh)DNA (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Nanopore Sequencing (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Humans (mesh)DNA (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Nanopore Sequencing (mesh)Humans (mesh)DNA (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Nanopore Sequencing (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)03 Chemical Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Bioinformatics (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bf9b2j1https://escholarship.org/content/qt7bf9b2j1/qt7bf9b2j1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41596-024-01032-9articleNature Protocols, vol 19, iss 123697 - 3720oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3ng9v5m22026-04-30T21:47:22Zqt3ng9v5m2Ion transport and ultra-efficient osmotic power generation in boron nitride nanotube porinsLi, ZhongwuHall, Alex TWang, YaqingLi, YuhaoByrne, Dana OScammell, Lyndsey RWhitney, R RoyAllen, Frances ICumings, JohnNoy, Aleksandr2024-09-06Nanotube porins form transmembrane nanomaterial-derived scaffolds that mimic the geometry and functionality of biological membrane channels. We report synthesis, transport properties, and osmotic energy harvesting performance of another member of the nanotube porin family: boron nitride nanotube porins (BNNTPs). Cryo-transmission electron microscopy imaging, liposome transport assays, and DNA translocation experiments show that BNNTPs reconstitute into lipid membranes to form functional channels of ~2-nm diameter. Ion transport studies reveal ion conductance characteristics of individual BNNTPs, which show an unusual C1/4 scaling with ion concentration and pronounced pH sensitivity. Reversal potential measurements indicate that BNNTPs have strong cation selectivity at neutral pH, attributable to the high negative charge on the channel. BNNTPs also deliver very large power density up to 12 kW/m2 in the osmotic gradient transport experiments at neutral pH, surpassing that of other BNNT-based devices by two orders of magnitude under similar conditions. Our results suggest that BNNTPs are a promising platform for mass transport and osmotic power generation.3208 Medical Physiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ng9v5m2https://escholarship.org/content/qt3ng9v5m2/qt3ng9v5m2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.ado8081articleScience Advances, vol 10, iss 36eado8081oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3ng3x6b92026-04-30T21:47:17Zqt3ng3x6b9Assessing Customer Experience and Business Models around Price-to-Device Communication and Smart Control Pathways in CalFlexHubLiu, JingjingPiette, Mary AnnPritoni, MarcoNordman, BruceGrant, PeterSmith, SarahBrown, RichardBourg, JoeGodinez, FelipeFung, MattMartinez, Mark2024-08-05California is facing three major challenges in electrical grid operation: renewable
overgeneration, steep evening ramping, and growing peak demand. The state has identified
dynamic retail price response as a key strategy evidenced by CPUC’s Dynamic Rates proceeding
and CEC’s Load Management Standards. Furthermore, the CEC launched a $16M “California
Load Flexibility Research and Deployment Hub (CalFlexHub)” administered by Berkeley Lab to
accelerate price-response flexible load technologies in buildings and EV charging.
There are more than 16 laboratory and field demonstration projects in CalFlexHub, each
demonstrating innovative automated price-response technologies. CalFlexHub tests various
pathways through which hourly price signals and triggered control commands are communicated
to load-flexible devices such as smart thermostats, heat pumps, water heaters, and EVs. We
identified seven unique communication and control pathways, which involve combinations of
third-party cloud, device OEM’s cloud, building central gateway, and local controller in between
the price server and the load-flexible devices.
It is important for utilities and policy makers to understand the long-term implications of
each pathway in designing future programs and creating related policies and mandates for market
transformation. We propose an evaluation framework including the following aspects:
● Functionality: connectivity and uptime, resilience, and optimization;
● Customer experience: simplicity in setup, troubleshooting support, continuity,
customer choice, first cost, and ongoing cost;
● Business model and scalability: advance interoperability, holistic solution, bridge
unique gap, customer base, and value streams and pricing structures.
In this paper, we identify emerging business models associated with each communication
pathway and discuss their positive features and challenges from the above aspects.application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ng3x6b9https://escholarship.org/content/qt3ng3x6b9/qt3ng3x6b9.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9jv9p8rj2026-04-30T21:47:13Zqt9jv9p8rjPractical challenges of model predictive control (MPC) for grid interactive small and medium commercial buildingsHam, Sang wooPaul, lazloCasillas, ArmandoPrakash, Anand KrishnanKim, DonghunBrown, RichardPritoni, MarcoGrant, Peter2024-08-05To the urgent call for mitigating climate change, substantial initiatives have been
undertaken to deploy grid-interactive heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) controls,
such as model predictive control (MPC) for buildings. These efforts typically aim to curtail peak
energy demand, shift load and enhance overall energy efficiency. With the recent development
of low-cost MPC technologies that don’t require extensive instrumentation or manual modeling,
small and medium commercial buildings (SMCBs), which rarely utilize advanced HVAC control
systems, have become candidates for grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs). However,
despite the potential benefits and maturity of the technology itself, several practical challenges
remain in real-world implementation. In this paper, we share the practical challenges that we
have encountered in implementing and testing three types of MPC solutions (ON/OFF unit, dualfuel,
and VRF systems) on multiple SMCB sites. We describe the MPC deployment process and
discuss the lessons learned. The site selection, eligibility, and retrofit availability (e.g., utility
price structure, thermostat communications, etc.) are the main discussion points at the beginning
of the project. Also, the modeling automation and the best practices for interacting with endusers
and handling erroneous situations are presented for successful operations.application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jv9p8rjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9jv9p8rj/qt9jv9p8rj.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6jt5b4212026-04-30T21:47:09Zqt6jt5b421Architecting the Future: Exploring Coordinated Control Frameworks for Connected CommunitiesPaul, lazloPritoni, MarcoRegnier, CynthiaMacDonald, Jason SBrown, RichardJohnson, Cecilia2024-08-05Connected communities are groups of grid-interactive efficient buildings able to work
together to address grid challenges and building needs at a community level. They provide
greater benefits than building-by-building approaches, optimizing multiple buildings to reduce
distribution infrastructure capacity requirements, improve grid utilization of diverse energy
technologies, and create new value streams from buildings. Connected communities have been
identified as an important part of decarbonizing the grid, particularly in their role to use demand
flexibility to support greater degrees of variable renewable energy in the power supply.
The DOE Connected Communities program selected 10 projects throughout the U.S. to
demonstrate cutting edge connected communities approaches. These projects utilize diverse
energy technologies and include both residential and commercial buildings, retrofit and new
construction, numbering in the tens to thousands per community. These projects are led by
diverse stakeholders driven by different use cases, including utilities, homebuilders, energy
service providers, universities, research organizations, and more.
To enable community-scale benefits, these projects must have control mechanisms for
coordinating the operation of buildings and distributed energy resources such as generation and
storage. Several types of coordinated control architectures have evolved in the Connected
Communities program, influenced by the stakeholder use case, existing market conditions, and
the types of building and energy resources integrated. This paper describes these architectures, as
well as their use cases, benefits, and challenges they face during their implementation. The
findings can support scalability of community-scale coordinated energy systems by clarifying
tradeoffs in their design for utilities, control vendors, and developers.application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jt5b421https://escholarship.org/content/qt6jt5b421/qt6jt5b421.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4p25j4tm2026-04-30T21:47:05Zqt4p25j4tmTranscriptomics reveal a mechanism of niche defense: two beneficial root endophytes deploy an antimicrobial GH18‐CBM5 chitinase to protect their hostsEichfeld, RubenMahdi, Lisa KDe Quattro, ConcettaArmbruster, LauraEndeshaw, Asmamaw BMiyauchi, ShingoHellmann, Margareta JCord‐Landwehr, StefanPeterson, DanielSingan, VasanthLail, KathleenSavage, EmilyNg, VivianGrigoriev, Igor VLangen, GregorMoerschbacher, Bruno MZuccaro, Alga2024-11-01Effector secretion is crucial for root endophytes to establish and protect their ecological niche. We used time-resolved transcriptomics to monitor effector gene expression dynamics in two closely related Sebacinales, Serendipita indica and Serendipita vermifera, during symbiosis with three plant species, competition with the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, and cooperation with root-associated bacteria. We observed increased effector gene expression in response to biotic interactions, particularly with plants, indicating their importance in host colonization. Some effectors responded to both plants and microbes, suggesting dual roles in intermicrobial competition and plant-microbe interactions. A subset of putative antimicrobial effectors, including a GH18-CBM5 chitinase, was induced exclusively by microbes. Functional analyses of this chitinase revealed its antimicrobial and plant-protective properties. We conclude that dynamic effector gene expression underpins the ability of Sebacinales to thrive in diverse ecological niches with a single fungal chitinase contributing substantially to niche defense.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Chitinases (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Endophytes (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Anti-Infective Agents (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Ascomycota (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)beneficial endophyteschitinasefungal effectorsniche defenseroot colonizationSebacinalestime-resolved transcriptomicsAscomycota (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Anti-Infective Agents (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Endophytes (mesh)Chitinases (mesh)Sebacinalesbeneficial endophyteschitinasefungal effectorsniche defenseroot colonizationtime‐resolved transcriptomicsChitinases (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Endophytes (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Anti-Infective Agents (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Ascomycota (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)4101 Climate change impacts and adaptation (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p25j4tmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4p25j4tm/qt4p25j4tm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/nph.20080articleNew Phytologist, vol 244, iss 3980 - 996oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0q4009qb2026-04-30T21:46:59Zqt0q4009qbDefined synthetic microbial communities colonize and benefit field-grown sorghumFonseca-García, CitlaliPettinga, DeanWilson, AndrewElmore, Joshua RMcClure, RyanAtim, JackiePedraza, JulieHutmacher, RobertTurumtay, HalbayTian, YangEudes, AymerickScheller, Henrik VEgbert, Robert GColeman-Derr, Devin2024-01-08The rhizosphere constitutes a dynamic interface between plant hosts and their associated microbial communities. Despite the acknowledged potential for enhancing plant fitness by manipulating the rhizosphere, the engineering of the rhizosphere microbiome through inoculation has posed significant challenges. These challenges are thought to arise from the competitive microbial ecosystem where introduced microbes must survive, and the absence of adaptation to the specific metabolic and environmental demands of the rhizosphere. Here, we engineered a synthetic rhizosphere community (SRC1) with the anticipation that it would exhibit a selective advantage in colonizing the host Sorghum bicolor, thereby potentially fostering its growth. SRC1 was assembled from bacterial isolates identified either for their potential role in community cohesion through network analysis or for their ability to benefit from host-specific exudate compounds. The growth performance of SRC1 was assessed in vitro on solid media, in planta under gnotobiotic laboratory conditions, and in the field. Our findings reveal that SRC1 cohesion is most robust when cultivated in the presence of the plant host under laboratory conditions, with lineages being lost from the community when grown either in vitro or in a native field setting. We establish that SRC1 effectively promotes the growth of both above- and below-ground plant phenotypes in both laboratory and native field contexts. Furthermore, in laboratory conditions, these growth enhancements correlate with the transcriptional dampening of lignin biosynthesis in the host. Collectively, these results underscore the potential utility of synthetic microbial communities for modulating crop performance in controlled and native environments alike.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)Sorghum (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)synthetic communitymicrobiomerhizospheresorghumPGPRsBacteria (mesh)Sorghum (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)PGPRsmicrobiomerhizospheresorghumsynthetic communitySorghum (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q4009qbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0q4009qb/qt0q4009qb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/ismejo/wrae126articleThe ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, vol 18, iss 1wrae126oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1zt6x3mz2026-04-30T21:46:55Zqt1zt6x3mzHTO and selenate diffusion through compacted Na-, Na–Ca-, and Ca-montmorilloniteFox, Patricia MTournassat, ChristopheSteefel, CarlNico, Peter S2024-09-01Radionuclide transport in smectite clay barrier systems used for nuclear waste disposal is controlled by diffusion, with adsorption significantly retarding transport rates. While a relatively minor component of spent nuclear fuel, 79Se is a major driver of the safety case for spent fuel disposal due to its long half-life (3.3 × 105 yr) and its low adsorption to clay (KD < 10 L/kg), thus a thorough understanding of Se diffusion through clay is critical for understanding the long-term safety of spent fuel disposal systems. Through-diffusion experiments with tritiated water (HTO, conservative tracer) and Se(VI) were conducted with a well-characterized, purified montmorillonite source clay (SWy-2) under a constant ionic strength (0.1 M) and three different electrolyte compositions: Na + , Ca 2+ , and a Na + -Ca 2+ mixture at pH 6.5 in order to probe the effects of electrolyte composition and interlayer cation composition on clay microstructure, Se(VI) aqueous speciation, and ultimately diffusion. The results were modeled using a reactive transport modeling approach to determine values of porosity (ε), D e (effective diffusion coefficient), and K D (distribution coefficient for adsorption). HTO diffusive flux was higher in Ca-montmorillonite (D e = 1.68 × 10−10 m2 s−1) compared to Na-montmorillonite (D e = 7.83 × 10−11 m2 s−1). This increase in flux is likely due to a greater degree of clay layer stacking in the presence of Ca 2+ compared to Na + , which leads to larger inter-particle pores. Overall, the Se(VI) flux was much lower than the HTO flux due to anion exclusion, with Se(VI) flux following the order Ca (De = 1.03 × 10−11 m2 s−1) > Na–Ca (De = 2.12 × 10−12 m2 s−1) > Na (De = 1.28 × 10−12 m2 s−1). These differences in Se(VI) flux are due to a combination of factors, including (1) larger accessible porosity in Ca-montmorillonite due to clay layer stacking and smaller electrostatic effects compared to Na-montmorillonite, (2) larger accessible porosity for neutral-charge CaSeO4 species which makes up 32% of aqueous Se(VI) in the pure Ca system, and (3) possibly higher Se(VI) adsorption for Ca-montmorillonite. Through a combination of experimental and modeling work, this study highlights the compounding effects that electrolyte and counterion compositions can have on radionuclide transport through clay. Diffusion models that neglect these effects are not transferable from laboratory experimental conditions to in situ repository conditions.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)Selenium diffusionRadioactive wasteInterlayer cationEngineered barriersAnion exclusion0402 Geochemistry (for)0502 Environmental Science and Management (for)Geochemistry & Geophysics (science-metrix)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zt6x3mzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1zt6x3mz/qt1zt6x3mz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.106090articleApplied Geochemistry, vol 170106090oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2jr315cb2026-04-30T21:46:50Zqt2jr315cbPotential of artificial intelligence in reducing energy and carbon emissions of commercial buildings at scaleDing, ChaoKe, JingLevine, MarkGranderson, JessicaZhou, Nan2024-01-01Artificial intelligence has emerged as a technology to enhance productivity and improve life quality. However, its role in building energy efficiency and carbon emission reduction has not been systematically studied. This study evaluated artificial intelligence’s potential in the building sector, focusing on medium office buildings in the United States. A methodology was developed to assess and quantify potential emissions reductions. Key areas identified were equipment, occupancy influence, control and operation, and design and construction. Six scenarios were used to estimate energy and emissions savings across representative climate zones. Here we show that artificial intelligence could reduce cost premiums, enhancing high energy efficiency and net zero building penetration. Adopting artificial intelligence could reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions by approximately 8% to 19% in 2050. Combining with energy policy and low-carbon power generation could approximately reduce energy consumption by 40% and carbon emissions by 90% compared to business-as-usual scenarios in 2050.4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)3301 Architecture (for-2020)3302 Building (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jr315cbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2jr315cb/qt2jr315cb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-024-50088-4articleNature Communications, vol 15, iss 15916oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt02b5k6pg2026-04-30T21:46:46Zqt02b5k6pgMeasuring Fiber Positioning Accuracy and Throughput with Fiber Dithering for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic InstrumentSchlafly, EFSchlegel, DBenZvi, SRaichoor, AForero-Romero, JEAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBault, ABrooks, DClaybaugh, TDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDoel, PGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGuy, JHahn, CHonscheid, KJimenez, JKent, SKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMyers, ADNie, JPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRabinowitz, DRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchubnell, MSharples, RSilber, JTarlé, GWeaver, BAZhou, ZZou, H2024-07-01Highly multiplexed, fiber-fed spectroscopy is enabling surveys of millions of stars and galaxies. The performance of these surveys depends on accurately positioning fibers in the focal plane to capture target light. We describe a technique to measure the positioning accuracy of fibers by dithering fibers slightly around their ideal locations. This approach also enables measurement of the total system throughput and point-spread function delivered to the focal plane. We then apply this technique to observations from the Dark Energy Survey Instrument (DESI), and demonstrate that DESI positions fibers to within 0.″08 of their targets (5% of a fiber diameter) and achieves a system throughput within about 7% of expectations.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/02b5k6pghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt02b5k6pg/qt02b5k6pg.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ad4d8carticleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 168, iss 135oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5n21g6mh2026-04-30T21:46:38Zqt5n21g6mhExpression of dehydroshikimate dehydratase in poplar induces transcriptional and metabolic changes in the phenylpropanoid pathwayTurumtay, Emine AkyuzTurumtay, HalbayTian, YangLin, Chien-YuanChai, Yen NingLouie, Katherine BChen, YanLipzen, AnnaHarwood, ThomasKumar, Kavitha SatishBowen, Benjamin PWang, QianMansfield, Shawn DBlow, Matthew JPetzold, Christopher JNorthen, Trent RMortimer, Jenny CScheller, Henrik VEudes, AymerickZhao, Qiao2024-08-28Modification of lignin in feedstocks via genetic engineering aims to reduce biomass recalcitrance to facilitate efficient conversion processes. These improvements can be achieved by expressing exogenous enzymes that interfere with native biosynthetic pathways responsible for the production of the lignin precursors. In planta expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase in poplar trees reduced lignin content and altered the monomer composition, which enabled higher yields of sugars after cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis. Understanding how plants respond to such genetic modifications at the transcriptional and metabolic levels is needed to facilitate further improvement and field deployment. In this work, we acquired fundamental knowledge on lignin-modified poplar expressing 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase using RNA-seq and metabolomics. The data clearly demonstrate that changes in gene expression and metabolite abundance can occur in a strict spatiotemporal fashion, revealing tissue-specific responses in the xylem, phloem, or periderm. In the poplar line that exhibited the strongest reduction in lignin, we found that 3% of the transcripts had altered expression levels and ~19% of the detected metabolites had differential abundance in the xylem from older stems. The changes affected predominantly the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways as well as secondary cell wall metabolism, and resulted in significant accumulation of hydroxybenzoates derived from protocatechuate and salicylate.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Populus (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Plant Proteins (mesh)Xylem (mesh)Aromaticsbioenergycell wallligninmetabolomicsPopulusRNA-seqsystems biologyPlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Populus (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Plant Proteins (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)Xylem (mesh)PopulusAromaticsRNA-seqbioenergycell wallligninmetabolomicssystems biologyPopulus (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Hydro-Lyases (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationPlant (mesh)PlantsGenetically Modified (mesh)Plant Proteins (mesh)Xylem (mesh)0604 Genetics (for)0607 Plant Biology (for)0703 Crop and Pasture Production (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3004 Crop and pasture production (for-2020)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)CC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n21g6mhinfo:doi/10.1093/jxb/erae251articleJournal of Experimental Botany, vol 75, iss 164960 - 4977oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5cg3k6ff2026-04-30T21:46:30Zqt5cg3k6ffThe present and future of QCDAchenbach, PAdhikari, DAfanasev, AAfzal, FAidala, CAAl-bataineh, AAlmaalol, DKAmaryan, MAndroić, DArmstrong, WRArratia, MArrington, JAsaturyan, AAschenauer, ECAtac, HAvakian, HAverett, TGayoso, C AyerbeBai, XBarish, KNBarnea, NBasar, GBattaglieri, MBaty, AABautista, IBazilevsky, ABeattie, CBehera, SCBellini, VBellwied, RBenesch, JFBenmokhtar, FBernardes, CABernauer, JCBhatt, HBhatta, SBoer, MBoettcher, TJBogacz, SABossi, HJBrandenburg, JDBrash, EJBriceño, RABriscoe, WJBrodsky, SJBrown, DABurkert, VDCaines, HCali, IACamsonne, ACarman, DSCaylor, JCerci, DSCerci, SLlatas, M ChamizoChatterjee, SChen, JPChen, YChen, Y-CChien, Y-TChou, P-CChu, XChudakov, ECline, ECloët, ICCole, PLConnors, MEConstantinou, MCosyn, WDusa, S CovrigCruz-Torres, RD'Alesio, Uda Silva, CDavoudi, ZDean, CTDean, DJDemarteau, MDeshpande, ADetmold, WDeur, ADevkota, BRDhital, SDiefenthaler, MDobbs, SDöring, MDong, XDotel, RDow, KADownie, EJDrachenberg, JLDumitru, ADunlop, JCDupre, RDurham, JMDutta, DEdwards, RGEhlers, RJFassi, L ElElaasar, MElouadrhiri, L2024-07-01This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming decades.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)QCDHadron physicsHeavy ion collisionsNSD-Nuclear Theory (c-lbnl-label)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cg3k6ffinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2024.122874articleNuclear Physics A, vol 1047122874oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt17b2f9p62026-04-30T21:46:25Zqt17b2f9p6Structural and quantum chemical basis for OCP-mediated quenching of phycobilisomesSauer, Paul VCupellini, LorenzoSutter, MarkusBondanza, MattiaDomínguez Martin, María AgustinaKirst, HenningBína, DavidKoh, Adrian FujietKotecha, AbhayGreber, Basil JNogales, EvaPolívka, TomášMennucci, BenedettaKerfeld, Cheryl A2024-04-05Cyanobacteria use large antenna complexes called phycobilisomes (PBSs) for light harvesting. However, intense light triggers non-photochemical quenching, where the orange carotenoid protein (OCP) binds to PBS, dissipating excess energy as heat. The mechanism of efficiently transferring energy from phycocyanobilins in PBS to canthaxanthin in OCP remains insufficiently understood. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we unveiled the OCP-PBS complex structure at 1.6- to 2.1-angstrom resolution, showcasing its inherent flexibility. Using multiscale quantum chemistry, we disclosed the quenching mechanism. Identifying key protein residues, we clarified how canthaxanthin's transition dipole moment in its lowest-energy dark state becomes large enough for efficient energy transfer from phycocyanobilins. Our energy transfer model offers a detailed understanding of the atomic determinants of light harvesting regulation and antenna architecture in cyanobacteria.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Phycobilisomes (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Canthaxanthin (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Cyanobacteria (mesh)Phycobilisomes (mesh)Cyanobacteria (mesh)Canthaxanthin (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Phycobilisomes (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Canthaxanthin (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Cyanobacteria (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/17b2f9p6https://escholarship.org/content/qt17b2f9p6/qt17b2f9p6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.adk7535articleScience Advances, vol 10, iss 14eadk7535oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1rb561nc2026-04-30T21:46:20Zqt1rb561ncRole of Mass Transport in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methanol Using Immobilized Cobalt PhthalocyanineChan, ThomasKong, Calton JKing, Alex JBabbe, FinnPrabhakar, Rajiv RamanujamKubiak, Clifford PAger, Joel W2024-04-22Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) using heterogenized molecular catalysts usually yields 2-electron reduction products (CO, formate). Recently, it has been reported that certain preparations of immobilized cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) produce methanol (MeOH), a 6-electron reduction product. Here, we demonstrate the significant role of intermediate mass transport in CoPc selectivity to methanol. We first developed a simple, physically mixed, polymer (and polyfluoroalkyl, PFAS)-free preparation of CoPc on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which can be integrated onto Au electrodes using a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) adhesion layer. After optimization of catalyst preparation and loading, methanol Faradaic efficiencies and partial current densities of 36% (±3%) and 3.8 (±0.5) mA cm-2, respectively, are achieved in the CO2-saturated aqueous electrolyte. The electrolyte flow rate has a large effect. A linear flow velocity of 8.5 cm/min produces the highest MeOH selectivity, with higher flow rates increasing CO selectivity and lower flow rates increasing the hydrogen evolution reaction, suggesting that CO is an unbound intermediate. Using a continuum multiphysics model assuming CO is the intermediate, we show qualitative agreement with the optimal inlet flow rate. Polymer binders were not required to achieve a high Faradaic efficiency for methanol using CoPc and MWCNTs. We also investigated the role of formaldehyde as an intermediate and the role of strain, but definitive conclusions could not be established.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)CO2 reductionmultiwalled carbon nanotubescatalysismethanol selectivitymass-transport34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rb561nchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1rb561nc/qt1rb561nc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acsaem.3c02979articleACS Applied Energy Materials, vol 7, iss 83091 - 3098oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9wn5v79v2026-04-30T21:46:15Zqt9wn5v79vImportance of Site Diversity and Connectivity in Electrochemical CO Reduction on CuKim, ChansolGovindarajan, NitishHemenway, SydneyPark, JunhoZoraster, AnyaKong, Calton JPrabhakar, Rajiv RamanujamVarley, Joel BJung, Hee-TaeHahn, ChristopherAger, Joel W2024-03-01Electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu is a promising approach to produce value-added chemicals using renewable feedstocks, yet various Cu preparations have led to differences in activity and selectivity toward single and multicarbon products. Here, we find, surprisingly, that the effective catalytic activity toward ethylene improves when there is a larger fraction of less active sites acting as reservoirs of *CO on the surface of Cu nanoparticle electrocatalysts. In an adaptation of chemical transient kinetics to electrocatalysis, we measure the dynamic response of a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) cell when the feed gas is abruptly switched between Ar (inert) and CO. When switching from Ar to CO, CO reduction (COR) begins promptly, but when switching from CO to Ar, COR can be maintained for several seconds (delay time) despite the absence of the CO reactant in the gas phase. A three-site microkinetic model captures the observed dynamic behavior and shows that Cu catalysts exhibiting delay times have a less active *CO reservoir that exhibits fast diffusion to active sites. The observed delay times and the estimated *CO reservoir sizes are affected by catalyst preparation, applied potential, and microenvironment (electrolyte cation identity, electrolyte pH, and CO partial pressure). Notably, we estimate that the *CO reservoir surface coverage can be as high as 88 ± 7% on oxide-derived Cu (OD-Cu) at high overpotentials (-1.52 V vs SHE) and this increases in reservoir coverage coincide with increased turnover frequencies to ethylene. We also estimate that *CO can travel substantial distances (up to 10s of nm) prior to desorption or reaction. It appears that active C-C coupling sites by themselves do not control selectivity to C2+ products in electrochemical COR; the supply of CO to those sites is also a crucial factor. More generally, the overall activity of Cu electrocatalysts cannot be approximated from linear combinations of individual site activities. Future designs must consider the diversity of the catalyst network and account for intersite transportation pathways.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)electrocatalysischemical transient kineticsCO reductionmicrokinetic modelingcatalyticmechanism0302 Inorganic Chemistry (for)0305 Organic Chemistry (for)0904 Chemical Engineering (for)3106 Industrial biotechnology (for-2020)3405 Organic chemistry (for-2020)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wn5v79vinfo:doi/10.1021/acscatal.3c05904articleACS Catalysis, vol 14, iss 53128 - 3138oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt06q3q7sx2026-04-30T21:46:09Zqt06q3q7sxPredictions of rhizosphere microbiome dynamics with a genome-informed and trait-based energy budget modelMarschmann, Gianna LTang, JinyunZhalnina, KaterynaKaraoz, UlasCho, HeejungLe, BeatricePett-Ridge, JenniferBrodie, Eoin L2024-02-01Soil microbiomes are highly diverse, and to improve their representation in biogeochemical models, microbial genome data can be leveraged to infer key functional traits. By integrating genome-inferred traits into a theory-based hierarchical framework, emergent behaviour arising from interactions of individual traits can be predicted. Here we combine theory-driven predictions of substrate uptake kinetics with a genome-informed trait-based dynamic energy budget model to predict emergent life-history traits and trade-offs in soil bacteria. When applied to a plant microbiome system, the model accurately predicted distinct substrate-acquisition strategies that aligned with observations, uncovering resource-dependent trade-offs between microbial growth rate and efficiency. For instance, inherently slower-growing microorganisms, favoured by organic acid exudation at later plant growth stages, exhibited enhanced carbon use efficiency (yield) without sacrificing growth rate (power). This insight has implications for retaining plant root-derived carbon in soils and highlights the power of data-driven, trait-based approaches for improving microbial representation in biogeochemical models.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Microbiome (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)14 Life Below Water (sdg)Rhizosphere (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Soil (mesh)Plants (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Plants (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Soil (mesh)Plants (mesh)Carbon (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)1108 Medical Microbiology (for)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/06q3q7sxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt06q3q7sx/qt06q3q7sx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41564-023-01582-warticleNature Microbiology, vol 9, iss 2421 - 433oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3bn193b12026-04-30T21:46:04Zqt3bn193b1The science case for an intermediate energy advanced and novel accelerator linear collider facilityBulanov, SSAidala, CABenedetti, CBernstein, REsarey, EGeddes, CGRGessner, SJGonsalves, AJHogan, MJJacobs, PMJing, CKnapen, SLee, CLow, ILu, XMeade, PMuggli, PMusumeci, PNachman, BNakamura, KNelson, TGriso, S PaganPalmer, MPrebys, ESchroeder, CBShiltsev, VTerzani, DThomas, AGRvan Tilborg, JTurner, MVafaei-Najafabadi, NVisinelli, LYao, W-MYoshida, R2024-01-01It is widely accepted that the next lepton collider beyond a Higgs factory would require center-of-mass energy of the order of up to 15 TeV. Since, given reasonable space and cost restrictions, conventional accelerator technology reaches its limits near this energy, high-gradient advanced acceleration concepts are attractive. Advanced and novel accelerators (ANAs) are leading candidates due to their ability to produce acceleration gradients on the order of 1–100 GV/m, leading to compact acceleration facilities. However, intermediate energy facilities (IEF) are required to test the critical technology elements on the way towards multi-TeV-class collliders. Here a science case for a 20–100 GeV center-of-mass energy ANA-based lepton collider that can be a candidate for an intermediate energy facility is presented. The IEF can provide numerous opportunities for high energy physics studies including precision Quantum Chromodynamics and Beyond the Standard Model physics measurements, investigation of charged particle interactions with extreme electromagnetic fields, and exploring muon and proton beam acceleration. Possible applications of this collider include the studies of γγ and electron beam-fixed target/beamdump collider designs. Thus, the goal of the proposed IEF is to both carry out particle physics measurements in the 20-100 GeV ranges as well as to serve as an ANA demonstrator facility.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Accelerator ApplicationsAccelerator Subsystems and TechnologiesWake-field acceleration (laser-drivenelectron-driven)Accelerator ApplicationsAccelerator Subsystems and TechnologiesWake-field acceleration (laser-drivenelectron-driven)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-2024 (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bn193b1https://escholarship.org/content/qt3bn193b1/qt3bn193b1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/19/01/t01010articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 19, iss 01t01010oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6361c19j2026-04-30T21:45:59Zqt6361c19jGENESIS: Gamma Energy Neutron Energy Spectrometer for Inelastic ScatteringGordon, JMBatchelder, JCBernstein, LABleuel, DLBrand, CABrown, JAGoldblum, BLFrandsen, BGLaplace, TANagel, T2024-04-01Improved neutron inelastic scattering cross section data are needed to inform integral benchmark studies and advance applications in a wide variety of areas including nuclear energy, stockpile stewardship, nonproliferation, and space exploration. Neutron inelastic scattering also serves as a non-selective probe of low-lying nuclear structure. To help meet these needs, the Gamma Energy Neutron Energy Spectrometer for Inelastic Scattering (GENESIS) was constructed at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This array couples high-resolution γ -ray detectors and fast neutron detectors to achieve single and coincident n/ γ detection over a broad energy range. The current configuration of the array includes 26 organic liquid scintillators and four high-purity germanium detectors (two single-crystal and two four-crystal CLOVER detectors with two-fold segmentation). The array was constructed with minimal supporting material and designed to cover a wide range of secondary particle angles and energies with limited inter-element scattering. Data acquisition is accomplished using Mesytec MDPP-16 multi-channel high-resolution digital pulse processing modules. The array characteristics, including γ -ray and neutron energy resolution, timing resolution, and detection efficiency were measured and used to validate a Geant4 model of the array. The primary sources of neutron background and the uncertainties in the determination of incident and secondary neutron energy were assessed. GENESIS provides a new capability to address nuclear data needs and facilitates the advancement of a wide range of nuclear applications.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Nuclear dataNeutron inelastic cross sectionsg-ray productionNeutron productionNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6361c19jinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169120articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 1061169120oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt14q1319v2026-04-30T21:45:45Zqt14q1319vSecondary neutron production from thick target deuteron breakupMorrell, Jonathan TVoyles, Andrew SBatchelder, Jon CBrown, Joshua ABernstein, Lee A2023-08-01Thick target deuteron breakup is a variable-energy accelerator-based source of high-energy neutrons, with applications in fundamental and applied nuclear science and engineering. However, the breakup mechanism remains poorly understood, and data on neutron yields from thick target breakup remain relatively scarce. In this work, the double-differential neutron yields from deuteron breakup have been measured on a thick beryllium target at εd=33 and 40 MeV, using both time-of-flight and activation techniques. We have also introduced a simple hybrid model for the double-differential deuteron breakup cross section, applicable in the εd=10–100 MeV energy range on light (Z≤6) targets. This model features four empirical parameters that have been fit to reproduce experimental breakup measurements on beryllium targets, using the method of least squares. It was shown that these parameters extrapolate well to higher energies, and to other low-Z target materials. We also include optimization of the parameters that modify the Kalbach systematics for compound and preequilibrium reactions, in order to better reproduce the experimental data for beryllium targets at large angles.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/14q1319vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt14q1319v/qt14q1319v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.108.024616articlePhysical Review C, vol 108, iss 2024616oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt78f799np2026-04-30T21:45:41Zqt78f799npTarget selection for the DESI Peculiar Velocity SurveySaulder, ChristophHowlett, CullanDouglass, Kelly ASaid, KhaledBenZvi, SegevAhlen, StevenAldering, GregBailey, StephenBrooks, DavidDavis, Tamara Mde la Macorra, AxelDey, ArjunFont-Ribera, AndreuForero-Romero, Jaime EGontcho, Satya Gontcho AHonscheid, KlausKim, Alex GKisner, TheodoreKremin, AnthonyLandriau, MartinLevi, Michael ELucey, JohnMeisner, Aaron MMiquel, RamonMoustakas, JohnMyers, Adam DPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePercival, WillPoppett, ClairePrada, FranciscoQin, FeiSchubnell, MichaelTarlé, GregoryMagaña, Mariana VargasWeaver, Benjamin AlanZhou, RongpuZhou, ZhiminZou, Hu2023-08-09ABSTRACT We describe the target selection and characteristics of the DESI Peculiar Velocity Survey, the largest survey of peculiar velocities (PVs) using both the fundamental plane (FP) and the Tully–Fisher (TF) relationship planned to date. We detail how we identify suitable early-type galaxies (ETGs) for the FP and suitable late-type galaxies (LTGs) for the TF relation using the photometric data provided by the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey DR9. Subsequently, we provide targets for 373 533 ETGs and 118 637 LTGs within the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) 5-yr footprint. We validate these photometric selections using existing morphological classifications. Furthermore, we demonstrate using survey validation data that DESI is able to measure the spectroscopic properties to sufficient precision to obtain PVs for our targets. Based on realistic DESI fibre assignment simulations and spectroscopic success rates, we predict the final DESI PV Survey will obtain ∼133 000 FP-based and ∼53 000 TF-based PV measurements over an area of 14 000 deg2. We forecast the ability of using these data to measure the clustering of galaxy positions and PVs from the combined DESI PV and Bright Galaxy Surveys (BGS), which allows for cancellation of cosmic variance at low redshifts. With these forecasts, we anticipate a 4 per cent statistical measurement on the growth rate of structure at z < 0.15. This is over two times better than achievable with redshifts from the BGS alone. The combined DESI PV and BGS will enable the most precise tests to date of the time and scale dependence of large-scale structure growth at z < 0.15.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)surveysgalaxies: distances and redshiftscosmology: observations0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/78f799nphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt78f799np/qt78f799np.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/mnras/stad2200articleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 525, iss 11106 - 1125oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4r6672bh2026-04-30T21:45:32Zqt4r6672bhComparative Genomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Divergent Plant Biomass-Degrading Strategies in FungiLi, JiajiaWiebenga, AdLipzen, AnnaNg, VivianTejomurthula, SravanthiZhang, YuGrigoriev, Igor VPeng, Maode Vries, Ronald P2023-01-01Plant biomass is one of the most abundant renewable carbon sources, which holds great potential for replacing current fossil-based production of fuels and chemicals. In nature, fungi can efficiently degrade plant polysaccharides by secreting a broad range of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), such as cellulases, hemicellulases, and pectinases. Due to the crucial role of plant biomass-degrading (PBD) CAZymes in fungal growth and related biotechnology applications, investigation of their genomic diversity and transcriptional dynamics has attracted increasing attention. In this project, we systematically compared the genome content of PBD CAZymes in six taxonomically distant species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium subrubescens, Trichoderma reesei, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Dichomitus squalens, as well as their transcriptome profiles during growth on nine monosaccharides. Considerable genomic variation and remarkable transcriptomic diversity of CAZymes were identified, implying the preferred carbon source of these fungi and their different methods of transcription regulation. In addition, the specific carbon utilization ability inferred from genomics and transcriptomics was compared with fungal growth profiles on corresponding sugars, to improve our understanding of the conversion process. This study enhances our understanding of genomic and transcriptomic diversity of fungal plant polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and provides new insights into designing enzyme mixtures and metabolic engineering of fungi for related industrial applications.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)13 Climate Action (sdg)CAZymescomparative genomicstranscriptome analysisplant polysaccharide degradationCAZymescomparative genomicsplant polysaccharide degradationtranscriptome analysis3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r6672bhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4r6672bh/qt4r6672bh.pdfinfo:doi/10.3390/jof9080860articleJournal of Fungi, vol 9, iss 8860oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3f0805p12026-04-30T21:45:26Zqt3f0805p1Expression and characterization of spore coat CotH kinases from the cellulosomes of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes)Lillington, Stephen PHamilton, MatthewCheng, Jan-FangYoshikuni, YasuoO'Malley, Michelle A2023-10-01Anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes) found in the guts of herbivores are biomass deconstruction specialists with a remarkable ability to extract sugars from recalcitrant plant material. Anaerobic fungi, as well as many species of anaerobic bacteria, deploy multi-enzyme complexes called cellulosomes, which modularly tether together hydrolytic enzymes, to accelerate biomass hydrolysis. While the majority of genomically encoded cellulosomal genes in Neocallimastigomycetes are biomass degrading enzymes, the second largest family of cellulosomal genes encode spore coat CotH domains, whose contribution to fungal cellulosome and/or cellular function is unknown. Structural bioinformatics of CotH proteins from the anaerobic fungus Piromyces finnis shows anaerobic fungal CotH domains conserve key ATP and Mg2+ binding motifs from bacterial Bacillus CotH proteins known to act as protein kinases. Experimental characterization further demonstrates ATP hydrolysis activity in the presence and absence of substrate from two cellulosomal P. finnis CotH proteins when recombinantly produced in E. coli. These results present foundational evidence for CotH activity in anaerobic fungi and provide a path towards elucidating the functional contribution of this protein family to fungal cellulosome assembly and activity.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Cellulosomes (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Spores (mesh)Adenosine Triphosphate (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Anaerobic fungiCellulosomeDockerinProtein kinaseSpore coat CotHCellulosomes (mesh)Spores (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Adenosine Triphosphate (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Anaerobic fungiCellulosomeDockerinProtein kinaseSpore coat CotHCellulosomes (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Bacterial Proteins (mesh)Spores (mesh)Adenosine Triphosphate (mesh)Fungi (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0699 Other Biological Sciences (for)Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f0805p1https://escholarship.org/content/qt3f0805p1/qt3f0805p1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.pep.2023.106323articleProtein Expression and Purification, vol 210106323oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4j8505672026-04-30T21:45:22Zqt4j850567Field performance of switchgrass plants engineered for reduced recalcitranceEudes, AymerickLin, Chien-YuanDe Ben, ChristopherOrtega, JasmineLee, Mi YeonChen, Yi-ChunLi, GuotianPutnam, Daniel HMortimer, Jenny CRonald, Pamela CScown, Corinne DScheller, Henrik V2023-01-01Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising perennial bioenergy crop that achieves high yields with relatively low nutrient and energy inputs. Modification of cell wall composition for reduced recalcitrance can lower the costs of deconstructing biomass to fermentable sugars and other intermediates. We have engineered overexpression of OsAT10, encoding a rice BAHD acyltransferase and QsuB, encoding dehydroshikimate dehydratase from Corynebacterium glutamicum, to enhance saccharification efficiency in switchgrass. These engineering strategies demonstrated low lignin content, low ferulic acid esters, and increased saccharification yield during greenhouse studies in switchgrass and other plant species. In this work, transgenic switchgrass plants overexpressing either OsAT10 or QsuB were tested in the field in Davis, California, USA for three growing seasons. No significant differences in the content of lignin and cell wall-bound p-coumaric acid or ferulic acid were detected in transgenic OsAT10 lines compared with the untransformed Alamo control variety. However, the transgenic overexpressing QsuB lines had increased biomass yield and slightly increased biomass saccharification properties compared to the control plants. This work demonstrates good performance of engineered plants in the field, and also shows that the cell wall changes in the greenhouse were not replicated in the field, emphasizing the need to validate engineered plants under relevant field conditions.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3004 Crop and Pasture Production (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)field trialslignindehydroshikimate dehydrataseBAHD acyltransferasePanicum virgatumbioenergyQsuBOsAT10BAHD acyltransferaseOsAT10Panicum virgatumQsuBbioenergydehydroshikimate dehydratasefield trialslignin0607 Plant Biology (for)3004 Crop and pasture production (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j850567https://escholarship.org/content/qt4j850567/qt4j850567.pdfinfo:doi/10.3389/fpls.2023.1181035articleFrontiers in Plant Science, vol 141181035oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0fm1j1wz2026-04-30T21:45:17Zqt0fm1j1wzAll-silicon quantum light source by embedding an atomic emissive center in a nanophotonic cavityRedjem, WZhiyenbayev, YQarony, WIvanov, VPapapanos, CLiu, WJhuria, KAl Balushi, ZYDhuey, SSchwartzberg, ATan, LZSchenkel, TKanté, B2023-01-01Silicon is the most scalable optoelectronic material but has suffered from its inability to generate directly and efficiently classical or quantum light on-chip. Scaling and integration are the most fundamental challenges facing quantum science and technology. We report an all-silicon quantum light source based on a single atomic emissive center embedded in a silicon-based nanophotonic cavity. We observe a more than 30-fold enhancement of luminescence, a near-unity atom-cavity coupling efficiency, and an 8-fold acceleration of the emission from the all-silicon quantum emissive center. Our work opens immediate avenues for large-scale integrated cavity quantum electrodynamics and quantum light-matter interfaces with applications in quantum communication and networking, sensing, imaging, and computing.5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4009 ElectronicsSensors and Digital Hardware (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5102 AtomicMolecular and Optical Physics (for-2020)ATAP-FS&IBT (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-FS-IBT (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-2023 (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fm1j1wzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0fm1j1wz/qt0fm1j1wz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-023-38559-6articleNature Communications, vol 14, iss 13321oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt33s791652026-04-30T21:45:13Zqt33s79165Absolute light yield of the EJ-204 plastic scintillatorBrown, JALaplace, TAGoldblum, BLManfredi, JJJohnson, TSMoretti, FVenkatraman, A2023-09-01The absolute light yield of a scintillator, defined as the number of scintillation photons produced per unit energy deposited, is a useful quantity for scintillator development, research, and applications. Yet, literature data on the absolute light yield of organic scintillators are limited. The goal of this work is to assess the suitability of the EJ-204 plastic scintillator from Eljen Technology to serve as a reference standard for measurements of the absolute light yield of organic scintillators. Four EJ-204 samples were examined: two manufactured approximately four months prior and stored in high-purity nitrogen, and two aged approximately eleven years and stored in ambient air. The scintillator response was measured using a large-area avalanche photodiode calibrated using low energy γ -ray and X-ray sources. The product of the quantum efficiency of the photodetector and light collection efficiency of the housing was characterized using an experimentally-benchmarked optical photon simulation. The average absolute light yield of the fresh samples, 9100 ± 400 photons per MeV, is lower than the manufacturer-reported value of 10400 photons per MeV. Moreover, the aged samples demonstrated significantly lower light yields, deviating from the manufacturer specification by as much as 26%. These results are consistent with recent work showcasing environmental aging in plastic scintillators and suggest that experimenters should use caution when deploying plastic scintillators in photon counting applications.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Absolute light yieldOrganic scintillatorPlastic scintillatorScintillator characterizationAgingNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/33s79165https://escholarship.org/content/qt33s79165/qt33s79165.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168397articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 1054168397oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3dh4j1552026-04-30T21:45:07Zqt3dh4j155River thorium concentrations can record bedrock fracture processes including some triggered by distant seismic eventsGilbert, BenjaminCarrero, SergioDong, WenmingJoe-Wong, ClarestaArora, BhavnaFox, PatriciaNico, PeterWilliams, Kenneth H2023-01-01Fractures are integral to the hydrology and geochemistry of watersheds, but our understanding of fracture dynamics is very limited because of the challenge of monitoring the subsurface. Here we provide evidence that long-term, high-frequency measurements of the river concentration of the ultra-trace element thorium (Th) can provide a signature of bedrock fracture processes spanning neighboring watersheds in Colorado. River Th concentrations show abrupt (subdaily) excursions and biexponential decay with approximately 1-day and 1-week time constants, concentration patterns that are distinct from all other solutes except beryllium and arsenic. The patterns are uncorrelated with daily precipitation records or seasonal trends in atmospheric deposition. Groundwater Th analyses are consistent with bedrock release and dilution upon mixing with river water. Most Th excursions have no seismic signatures that are detectable 50 km from the site, suggesting the Th concentrations can reveal aseismic fracture or fault events. We find, however, a weak statistical correlation between Th and seismic motion caused by distant earthquakes, possibly the first chemical signature of dynamic earthquake triggering, a phenomenon previously identified only through geophysical methods.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)3706 Geophysics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dh4j155https://escholarship.org/content/qt3dh4j155/qt3dh4j155.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-023-37784-3articleNature Communications, vol 14, iss 12395oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5vn8p2js2026-04-30T21:45:02Zqt5vn8p2jsKorean Power System Challenges and Opportunities, Priorities for Swift and Successful Clean Energy Deployment at ScalePark, Won YoungKhanna, NinaKim, James HyungkwanShiraishi, KenjiAbhyankar, NikitPaliwal, UmedLin, JiangPhadke, AmolMoon, Hee SeungSong, Yong HyunKim, EunsungHong, SanghyunChung, YunsikSeung Wan, Kim2023-04-18With South Korea’s electricity demand expected to grow 30% by 2035, transitioning to clean energy
resources will be critical in reducing the electric sector emissions and achieving national climate goals.
Rapid technological improvements can help keep costs low and maintain grid reliability, if Korea’s
government takes a coordinated approach to the clean energy transition. This policy brief identifies
key barriers to Korea’s shift toward clean energy, based on the authors’ companion report (A Clean
Energy Korea by 2035: Transitioning to 80% Carbon-Free Electricity Generation ), interviews with
experts, and the most recent data and literature. It then explores policy solutions for overcoming these
technological, economic, and institutional barriers, and suggests market transformation strategies to
speed the adoption of clean energy technologies. Amid ongoing cost and technological improvements
in wind, solar, and energy storage, advancing this report’s recommended policy actions with maximum
coordination among government officials can meaningfully accelerate Korea’s clean energy transition.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vn8p2jshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5vn8p2js/qt5vn8p2js.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1k57524p2026-04-30T21:42:16Zqt1k57524pBefore the First Visit: A Triage-Forward Outpatient Cancer Diagnostic PathwayPatel, Tulsi RChau, SpencerVu, Peter2026-05-21
Issues Addressed/Background
Patients with suspected malignancy are routinely admitted inpatient for diagnostic evaluation for urgent but not emergent workups, utilizing limited inpatient resources. We wondered if some of these workups could be managed outpatient in a timely manner with the right infrastructure. Conventional oncology referral pathways follow a consultation-first sequence; ie patients are seen, then tested, then redirected, which delays diagnosis and consumes limited clinic capacity. The UCSD Suspicion of Cancer (SoC) clinic was designed around an inverted model: physician-led triage occurs right at referral, testing is coordinated before the first visit, and patients who can be safely redirected to disease-specific teams never need an SoC appointment. This report describes operational outcomes over the first four months following clinic launch in December 2025.
Description of the Project
The SoC clinic serves patients with findings suspicious for malignancy without a confirmed site-specific diagnosis. Referrals are restricted to ED providers, inpatient teams, and specialty oncology clinics. The referral order set was kept deliberately simple: two questions asking whether findings are suspicious for cancer and whether a known primary exists, to decrease friction with referrals. Core operational components included mandatory CT chest/abdomen/pelvis for all ED-placed referrals, a target of first patient contact within 1–2 business days, an expedited outpatient biopsy and imaging pathway, and a new patient access supervisor with expertise in scheduling, insurance verification, and records retrieval. Clinic capacity was set at approximately 2 SoC slots per week for now during the initial phase.
Lessons Learned
Between December 2025 and March 2026, 65 patients were referred to the SoC clinic. Of these, 30 (46%) were diverted to disease-specific oncology teams or primary care without an SoC visit, and 16 (25%) completed SoC appointments. The remainder involved insurance denials (n=5), patient refusals or no-shows (n=5), and cases pending or closed for other reasons. Cases were diverted from in-person SoC clinic (to subspecialty oncology clinics) following triaging actions, including the following: ordering additional imaging or other testing, placing IR biopsy referrals via expedited pathways, correcting misdirected referrals, and communicating this directly with patient families. This allowed for SoC staff to contact patients within a few days to begin the urgent outpatient workup and place referrals soon after, thereby decreasing time to workup compared to having to schedule clinic visits and have a formal visit to begin evaluation.
Recommendations/Next Steps
The most meaningful structural improvement is establishing disease-team liaisons (designated oncologists on each disease team) who are comfortable accepting early referrals based on triage data alone, so patients can bypass the SoC visit when workup already points toward a specific diagnosis. Addressing patient follow-through will require a more active outreach protocol after initial contact, particularly for pre-visit orders. Future data collection should include time from referral to imaging completion, time to diagnosis, and longitudinal tracking of whether the 2-slot-per-week capacity remains appropriate as referral volume grows. Additionally, we would like to eventually open up the clinic referrals to be placed by PCPs and outpatient providers.publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k57524pmultimediaoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt78n9b0132026-04-30T21:42:09Zqt78n9b013A Clean Energy Korea by 2035, Transitioning to 80% Carbon-free Electricity GenerationPark, Won YoungAbhyankar, NikitPaliwal, UmedKim, JamesKhanna, NinaShiraishi, KenjiLin, JiangPhadke, AmolSong, Yong HyunMoon, Hee SeungKim, EunsungHong, SanghyunKim, Seung Wan2023-04-18The current global energy crisis has massive implications for the people and economy of South Korea
(Korea), where at least 90% of energy use depends on foreign fossil fuels. Clean electricity accounts
for only 39% of total generation, with electricity demand expected to increase 30% by 2035. This study
shows that Korea can achieve 80% clean electricity by 2035 by capitalizing on rapid technological
improvements and decreasing costs of solar, wind, and battery technology. Doing so would slightly
lower electricity supply costs, significantly reduce dependence on imported natural gas and coal, and
dramatically cut power sector emissions. Further, this study finds that Korea’s power grid under a clean
energy scenario will maintain reliability without coal generation or new natural gas plants. To realize
these significant economic, environmental, and energy security benefits, policies such as an 80% clean
electricity standard by 2035 and corresponding renewable energy deployment goals are required.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/78n9b013https://escholarship.org/content/qt78n9b013/qt78n9b013.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.crsus.2024.10026articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9211h0mf2026-04-30T21:42:03Zqt9211h0mfPathways to Atmanirbhar Bharat: Harnessing India’s Renewable Edge for Cost-Effective Energy Independence by 2047Abhyankar, NikitMohanty, PriyankaDeorah, Shruti MKarali, NihanPaliwal, UmedKersey, JessicaPhadke, Amol A2023-03-13Prime Minister Modi’s commitment to Atmanirbhar Bharat aims to make India energy independent by 2047. However, India currently imports 90% of its oil and 80% of industrial coal. Price and supply volatility in global energy markets, as witnessed in recent years, strain India’s foreign exchange reserves, resulting in economy-wide inflation. Recent dramatic declines in clean energy costs provide India an opportunity to lower energy imports through investment in renewable energy, battery storage, EVs, and green hydrogen. This study assesses a pathway for India to meet its growing energy needs and achieve near-complete energy independence by 2047, focused on India’s three largest energy consuming sectors –power, transport, and industry — which collectively account for more than 80% of energy consumption and energy-related CO2 emissions. Key findings are as follows:
1. Energy independence involves investment in renewables, electric vehicles, and green hydrogen. Since much of India’s infrastructure is yet to be built, we find that it is critical to ensure that mos of the new energy assets are clean. This would involve installing more than 500 GW of non-fossil electricity generation capacity by 2030, an 80% clean grid by 2040 and 90% by 2047. Nearly 100% of new vehicle sales could be electric by 2035. Heavy industrial production shifts primarily to green hydrogen and electrification: 90% of iron and steel, 90% of cement, and 100% of fertilizers by 2047.
2. India can achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047. The transition to electric vehicles could save crude oil imports by over 90% (or $240 billion) by 2047, while green hydrogen based and electrified industrial production would reduce industrial coal imports by 95%. Lithium needed for manufacturing new electric vehicles and grid-scale battery storage systems (~2 million tons cumulative between 2023 and 2040) could be produced domestically using newly discovered reserves.
3. Energy independence is economically advantageous. Clean energy will reduce and inflation-proof India’s energy expenditure as renewables, EV batteries, and hydrogen infrastructure are capital assets with rapidly falling costs. A shift to electric transportation will create $2.5 trillion (INR 19 million crores) in net consumer savings by 2047. Indian industry, to remain globally competitive, must also transition to clean technologies like green steel manufacturing, as major export markets (ex. EU) make carbon neutrality commitments.
4. The clean energy transition would have minimal impacts on tax revenues. Fossil fuel taxes, duties, and royalties contribute ~12% of state and central government revenue. Despite an aggressive clean energy transition, fossil fuel consumption and associated tax revenues will not drop below 2020 levels until the mid-2030s.
5. A rapid expansion of clean energy infrastructure will be needed. Because of transport, industrial electrification and green hydrogen production, electricity demand could increase nearly fivefold — from 1300 TWh/yr to over 6600 TWh/yr by 2050. This would require a massive scale-up of renewable energy deployment to 40 GW/year through 2030, ramping up to about 100 GW/year between 2030 and 2050. Clean energy deployment will be more capital-intensive, needing a net additional investment of $1.5-2 trillion (INR 11-15 million crores) between 2023-2047, compared with business-as-usual.
6. Achieving energy independence could offer environmental and public health benefits without compromising economic growth. With an aggressive clean energy transition, over 4 million air pollution-related premature deaths could be avoided between 2023-2047. India’s CO2 emissions will peak in the early 2030s, before dropping to ~800 million tons/year by 2047 (85-90% of the way to net-zero emissions).
7. Managing the clean energy transition would require significant policy support. The policy ecosystem needs to have five pillars: deployment mandates for commercial / cost-effective clean technologies that provide the economies of scale, financial support for emerging technologies, long-term infrastructure planning, accelerating/scaling domestic manufacturing, and planning for a just transition.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9211h0mfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9211h0mf/qt9211h0mf.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0c35g4032026-04-30T21:41:58Zqt0c35g403Quantum anomaly detection for collider physicsAlvi, SulaimanBauer, Christian WNachman, Benjamin2023-01-01We explore the use of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) for anomaly detection at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, we explore a semi-supervised approach in the four-lepton final state where simulations are reliable enough for a direct background prediction. This is a representative task where classification needs to be performed using small training datasets — a regime that has been suggested for a quantum advantage. We find that Classical Machine Learning (CML) benchmarks outperform standard QML algorithms and are able to automatically identify the presence of anomalous events injected into otherwise background-only datasets.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5108 Quantum Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Multi-Higgs ModelsNew Light ParticlesMulti-Higgs ModelsNew Light Particles0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c35g403https://escholarship.org/content/qt0c35g403/qt0c35g403.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep02(2023)220articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2023, iss 2220oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3453g3402026-04-30T21:41:54Zqt3453g340The transcriptional activator ClrB is crucial for the degradation of soybean hulls and guar gum in Aspergillus nigerKun, Roland SGarrigues, SandraPeng, MaoKeymanesh, KeykhosrowLipzen, AnnaNg, VivianTejomurthula, SravanthiGrigoriev, Igor Vde Vries, Ronald P2023-03-01Low-cost plant substrates, such as soybean hulls, are used for various industrial applications. Filamentous fungi are important producers of Carbohydrate Active enZymes (CAZymes) required for the degradation of these plant biomass substrates. CAZyme production is tightly regulated by several transcriptional activators and repressors. One such transcriptional activator is CLR-2/ClrB/ManR, which has been identified as a regulator of cellulase and mannanase production in several fungi. However, the regulatory network governing the expression of cellulase and mannanase encoding genes has been reported to differ between fungal species. Previous studies showed that Aspergillus niger ClrB is involved in the regulation of (hemi-)cellulose degradation, although its regulon has not yet been identified. To reveal its regulon, we cultivated an A. niger ΔclrB mutant and control strain on guar gum (a galactomannan-rich substrate) and soybean hulls (containing galactomannan, xylan, xyloglucan, pectin and cellulose) to identify the genes that are regulated by ClrB. Gene expression data and growth profiling showed that ClrB is indispensable for growth on cellulose and galactomannan and highly contributes to growth on xyloglucan in this fungus. Therefore, we show that A. niger ClrB is crucial for the utilization of guar gum and the agricultural substrate, soybean hulls. Moreover, we show that mannobiose is most likely the physiological inducer of ClrB in A. niger and not cellobiose, which is considered to be the inducer of N. crassa CLR-2 and A. nidulans ClrB.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Aspergillus niger (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Glycine max (mesh)Cellulase (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Galactans (mesh)Mannans (mesh)Plant Gums (mesh)Aspergillus (mesh)Aspergillus nigerTranscription factorCellobioseMannobioseSoybean hullsAspergillus (mesh)Aspergillus niger (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Cellulase (mesh)Galactans (mesh)Mannans (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Plant Gums (mesh)Glycine max (mesh)Aspergillus nigerCellobioseMannobioseSoybean hullsTranscription factorFungal Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Aspergillus niger (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Glycine max (mesh)Cellulase (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Galactans (mesh)Mannans (mesh)Plant Gums (mesh)Aspergillus (mesh)0604 Genetics (for)0605 Microbiology (for)0607 Plant Biology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)3105 Genetics (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3453g340https://escholarship.org/content/qt3453g340/qt3453g340.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103781articleFungal Genetics and Biology, vol 165103781oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt877453nt2026-04-30T21:41:49Zqt877453ntMeasurement of proton light yield of water-based liquid scintillatorCallaghan, EJGoldblum, BLBrown, JALaplace, TAManfredi, JJYeh, MGann, GD Orebi2023-01-01The proton light yield of liquid scintillators is an important property in the context of their use in large-scale neutrino experiments, with direct implications for neutrino-proton scattering measurements and the discrimination of fast neutrons from inverse β$$\beta $$-decay coincidence signals. This work presents the first measurement of the proton light yield of a water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) formulated from 5% linear alkyl benzene (LAB), at energies below 20 MeV, as well as a measurement of the proton light yield of a pure LAB + 2 g/L 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) mixture (LABPPO). The measurements were performed using a double time-of-flight method and a pulsed neutron beam from the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The proton light yields were measured relative to that of a 477 keV electron. The relative proton light yield of WbLS was approximately 3.8% lower than that of LABPPO, itself exhibiting a relative proton light yield 15–20% higher than previous measurements of an analogous anoxic sample. The observed quenching is not compatible with the Birks model for either material, but is well described with the addition of Chou’s bimolecular quenching term.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/877453nthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt877453nt/qt877453nt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11242-2articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 83, iss 2134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt54s357c02026-04-30T21:41:45Zqt54s357c0A thousand-genome panel retraces the global spread and adaptation of a major fungal crop pathogenFeurtey, AliceLorrain, CécileMcDonald, Megan CMilgate, AndrewSolomon, Peter SWarren, RachaelPuccetti, GuidoScalliet, GabrielTorriani, Stefano FFGout, LilianMarcel, Thierry CSuffert, FrédéricAlassimone, JulienLipzen, AnnaYoshinaga, YukoDaum, ChristopherBarry, KerrieGrigoriev, Igor VGoodwin, Stephen BGenissel, AnneSeidl, Michael FStukenbrock, Eva HLebrun, Marc-HenriKema, Gert HJMcDonald, Bruce ACroll, Daniel2023-01-01Human activity impacts the evolutionary trajectories of many species worldwide. Global trade of agricultural goods contributes to the dispersal of pathogens reshaping their genetic makeup and providing opportunities for virulence gains. Understanding how pathogens surmount control strategies and cope with new climates is crucial to predicting the future impact of crop pathogens. Here, we address this by assembling a global thousand-genome panel of Zymoseptoria tritici, a major fungal pathogen of wheat reported in all production areas worldwide. We identify the global invasion routes and ongoing genetic exchange of the pathogen among wheat-growing regions. We find that the global expansion was accompanied by increased activity of transposable elements and weakened genomic defenses. Finally, we find significant standing variation for adaptation to new climates encountered during the global spread. Our work shows how large population genomic panels enable deep insights into the evolutionary trajectory of a major crop pathogen.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)2 Zero Hunger (sdg)Humans (mesh)AdaptationPhysiological (mesh)Virulence (mesh)Acclimatization (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Plant Diseases (mesh)Humans (mesh)Genomics (mesh)AdaptationPhysiological (mesh)Acclimatization (mesh)Virulence (mesh)Plant Diseases (mesh)Humans (mesh)AdaptationPhysiological (mesh)Virulence (mesh)Acclimatization (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Plant Diseases (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/54s357c0https://escholarship.org/content/qt54s357c0/qt54s357c0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-023-36674-yarticleNature Communications, vol 14, iss 11059oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt920040qw2026-04-30T21:41:41Zqt920040qwThe 2035 Japan Report: Plummeting Costs of Solar, Wind, and Batteries Can Accelerate Japan’s Clean and Independent Electricity FutureShiraishi, KenjiPark, Won YoungAbhyankar, NikitPaliwal, UmedKhanna, NinaMorotomi, ToruLin, JiangPhadke, Amol A2023-02-28Japan faces a significant energy security risk as it imports nearly all of the fuel used in its power sector, with clean electricity accounting for only 24% of the total. This study shows that, due to the decreasing costs of solar, wind (especially offshore), and battery technology, Japan can achieve a 90% clean electricity share by 2035. This would also result in a 6% reduction in electricity costs, nearly eliminate dependence on imported LNG and coal, as well as dramatically reduce power sector emissions. Additionally, the study finds that Japan’s power grid will remain dependable without the need for new gas capacity or coal generation. To take advantage of these significant economic, environmental, and energy security benefits, strong policies such as a 90% clean electricity target by 2035 and corresponding renewable deployment goals are required.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/920040qwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt920040qw/qt920040qw.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3kt4k7nq2026-04-30T21:41:36Zqt3kt4k7nqHydrogen isotope analysis in W-tiles using fs-LIBSMittelmann, SteffenTouchet, KévinMao, XiangleiPark, MinokBrezinsek, SebastijanPretzler, GeorgZorba, Vassilia2023-01-01Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technology for in-situ analysis of Plasma-Facing Components in magnetic confinement fusion facilities. It is of major interest to monitor the hydrogen isotope retention i.e. tritium and deuterium over many operation hours to guarantee safety and availability of the future reactor. In our studies we use ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses to analyze tungsten (W) tiles that were exposed to a deuterium plasma in the linear plasma device PSI-2, which mimics conditions at the first wall. A high-resolution spectrometer is used to detect the Balmer-α$$\alpha$$ transition of the surface from implanted hydrogen isotopes (H and D). We use Calibration Free CF-LIBS to quantify the amount of deuterium stored in W. This proof-of-principle study shows the applicability of femtosecond lasers for the detection of low deuterium concentration as present in first wall material of prevailing fusion experiments.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kt4k7nqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3kt4k7nq/qt3kt4k7nq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41598-023-29138-2articleScientific Reports, vol 13, iss 12285oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1409b58b2026-04-30T21:41:29Zqt1409b58bInfrared nanospectroscopy characterization of metal oxide photoresistsZhao, XiaoWu, Cheng HaoBechtel, Hans AWeidman, TimothySalmeron, Miquel B2022-10-01Implementation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography in high-volume semiconductor manufacturing requires a reliable and scalable EUV resist platform. A mechanistic understanding of the pros and cons of different EUV resist materials is critically important. However, most material characterization methods with nanometer resolution use an x-ray photon or electron beam as the probe, which often cause damage to the photoresist film during measurement. Here, we illustrated the use of non-destructive infrared nanospectroscopy [or nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR)] to obtain spatially resolved composition information in patterned photoresist films. Clear evidence of exposure-induced chemical modification was observed at a spatial resolution down to 40 nm, well below the diffraction limit of infrared light. With improvements, such a nano-FTIR technique with nanoscale spatial resolution, chemical sensitivity, and minimal radiation damage can be a promising candidate for the fundamental study of material properties relevant to EUV lithography.40 Engineering (for-2020)4009 ElectronicsSensors and Digital Hardware (for-2020)extreme ultraviolet photoresistmetal cluster photoresistnano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyspectromicroscopy0205 Optical Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)4009 Electronicssensors and digital hardware (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1409b58bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1409b58b/qt1409b58b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1117/1.jmm.21.4.041408articleJournal of Micro/Nanopatterning Materials and Metrology, vol 21, iss 4041408 - 041408oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1vn016rv2026-04-30T21:41:20Zqt1vn016rvSearch for Neutrino Emission from Hard X-Ray AGN with IceCubeAbbasi, RAckermann, MAdams, JAgarwalla, SKAguilar, JAAhlers, MAlameddine, JMAmin, NMAndeen, KArgüelles, CAshida, YAthanasiadou, SAusborm, LAxani, SNBai, XV., A BalagopalBaricevic, MBarwick, SWBash, SBasu, VBay, RBeatty, JJTjus, J BeckerBeise, JBellenghi, CBenning, CBenZvi, SBerley, DBernardini, EBesson, DZBlaufuss, EBloom, LBlot, SBontempo, FMotzkin, JY BookMeneguolo, C BoscoloBöser, SBotner, OBöttcher, JBraun, JBrinson, BBrostean-Kaiser, JBrusa, LBurley, RTButterfield, DCampana, MACaracas, ICarloni, KCarpio, JChattopadhyay, SChau, NChen, ZChirkin, DChoi, SClark, BAColeman, ACollin, GHConnolly, AConrad, JMCoppin, PCorley, RCorrea, PCowen, DFDave, PDe Clercq, CDeLaunay, JJDelgado, DDeng, SDesai, ADesiati, Pde Vries, KDde Wasseige, GDeYoung, TDiaz, ADíaz-Vélez, JCDierichs, PDittmer, MDomi, ADraper, LDujmovic, HDutta, KDuVernois, MAEhrhardt, TEidenschink, LEimer, AEller, PEllinger, EMentawi, S ElElsässer, DEngel, RErpenbeck, HEvans, JEvenson, PAFan, KLFang, KFarrag, KFazely, ARFedynitch, AFeigl, NFiedlschuster, S2025-03-10Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are promising candidate sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, since they provide environments rich in matter and photon targets where cosmic-ray interactions may lead to the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. We searched for high-energy neutrino emission from AGN using the Swift-BAT Spectroscopic Survey catalog of hard X-ray sources and 12 yr of IceCube muon track data. First, upon performing a stacked search, no significant emission was found. Second, we searched for neutrinos from a list of 43 candidate sources and found an excess from the direction of two sources, the Seyfert galaxies NGC 1068 and NGC 4151. We observed NGC 1068 at flux ϕνμ+ν¯μ = 4.02−1.52+1.58×10−11 TeV−1 cm−2 s−1 normalized at 1 TeV, with a power-law spectral index γ = 3.10 −0.22+0.26 , consistent with previous IceCube results. The observation of a neutrino excess from the direction of NGC 4151 is at a posttrial significance of 2.9σ. If interpreted as an astrophysical signal, the excess observed from NGC 4151 corresponds to a flux ϕνμ+ν¯μ = 1.51−0.81+0.99×10−11 TeV−1 cm−2 s−1 normalized at 1 TeV and γ = 2.83 −0.28+0.35 .5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vn016rvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1vn016rv/qt1vn016rv.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ada94barticleThe Astrophysical Journal, vol 981, iss 2131oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2wj199mq2026-04-30T21:41:15Zqt2wj199mqPotential bill impacts of dynamic electricity pricing on California utility customersGerke, Brian FStuebs, MariusMurthy, SamanvithaKhandekar, AdityaCappers, PeterBrown, Richard EPiette, Mary Ann2024-01-01The rapid growth of renewable generation is creating challenges for the California grid in the form of the “duck curve,” with increasingly steep ramping required for conventional generation resources in the morning and evening, and growing curtailment of solar resources in midday periods. Time-varying electricity tariffs have received considerable attention as a tool to address these challenges, with a renewed recent focus on the potential for dynamic tariffs that vary to reflect conditions on the grid in near-real time. Consideration of dynamic tariffs may raise concerns about the financial impact on utility customers, especially for those who have limited flexibility to modify their electricity consumption in response. Specific areas of concern include electricity bills, bill volatility, and equity implications related to cost shifting among customer groups. In this paper we leverage smart meter data for more than 400,000 California utility customers, spanning residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural customers, to assess potential customer bill impacts arising from a multi-component dynamic tariff . Specifically, we compute impacts on customer bills and bill volatility under the assumption of fully inelastic demand, i.e., where customers do not change their consumption patterns in response to the tariff. We also assess various approaches designing subscription load shapes that customers can pre-purchase as a hedge that may provide a measure of protection against large negative impacts, while still incentivizing the modification of loads on the margin. We compare and contrast the relative impacts on different customer classes and discuss benefits and pitfalls of different dynamic tariff structures and subscription load shapes.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wj199mqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2wj199mq/qt2wj199mq.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt76s1t75z2026-04-30T21:41:10Zqt76s1t75zStrong Structural and Electronic Coupling in Metavalent PbS Moiré SuperlatticesWang, YuSong, ZhigangWan, JiaweiBetzler, SophiaXie, YujunOphus, ColinBustillo, Karen CErcius, PeterWang, Lin-WangZheng, Haimei2022-12-28Moiré superlattices are twisted bilayer materials in which the tunable interlayer quantum confinement offers access to new physics and novel device functionalities. Previously, moiré superlattices were built exclusively using materials with weak van der Waals interactions, and synthesizing moiré superlattices with strong interlayer chemical bonding was considered to be impractical. Here, using lead sulfide (PbS) as an example, we report a strategy for synthesizing moiré superlattices coupled by strong chemical bonding. We use water-soluble ligands as a removable template to obtain free-standing ultrathin PbS nanosheets and assemble them into direct-contact bilayers with various twist angles. Atomic-resolution imaging shows the moiré periodic structural reconstruction at the superlattice interface due to the strong metavalent coupling. Electron energy loss spectroscopy and theoretical calculations collectively reveal the twist-angle-dependent electronic structure, especially the emergent separation of flat bands at small twist angles. The localized states of flat bands are similar to well-arranged quantum dots, promising an application in devices. This study opens a new door to the exploration of deep energy modulations within moiré superlattices alternative to van der Waals twistronics.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)MSD-General (c-lbnl-label)MSD-In-situ TEM (c-lbnl-label)03 Chemical Sciences (for)General Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/76s1t75zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt76s1t75z/qt76s1t75z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/jacs.2c09947articleJournal of the American Chemical Society, vol 144, iss 5123474 - 23482oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6vn6888k2026-04-30T21:41:04Zqt6vn6888kMulti-omics profiling of the cold tolerant Monoraphidium minutum 26B-AM in response to abiotic stressCalhoun, SaraKamel, BishoyBell, Tisza ASKruse, Colin PSRiley, RobertSingan, VasanthKunde, YuliyaGleasner, Cheryl DChovatia, MansiSandor, LauraDaum, ChristopherTreen, DanielBowen, Benjamin PLouie, Katherine BNorthen, Trent RStarkenburg, Shawn RGrigoriev, Igor V2022-07-01Microalgae that are of interest for biofuel production must be able to tolerate environmental changes that occur in outdoor cultivation systems. While algal cultures may experience daily temperature fluctuations and seasonal environmental changes, the underlying mechanisms that control and regulate physiological responses and adaptation to environmental pressures are largely unknown. Systems-level characterization enabled by functional genomics can help identify biochemical pathways that promote stability and productivity of algae in various environmental conditions. Monoraphidium minutum 26B-AM, a freshwater green microalga, was identified as a top performer in biomass production in winter season screens. We sequenced the genome of M. minutum 26B-AM and applied our multi-omics pipeline to profile this high potential strain under high salt and cold temperature perturbations. Through comparative analysis, including other green algae in the class Chlorophyceae, we identified gene families unique to the genus Monoraphidium, including a desaturase that has been linked to cold tolerance in plants. We observed that osmolytes, such as trehalose, proline and betaine, accumulate under salt stress, coinciding with upregulation of genes involved in biosynthesis of these metabolites. From the genome annotation, we reconstructed a metabolic model to provide a detailed map of the metabolic pathways and can be used to simulate growth and reaction fluxes. This multi-omics analysis provides a foundation to explore algal strain potential for biofuel applications, guides strain engineering, and expands our understanding of metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of algae in applied systems.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)GenomicsTranscriptomicsMetabolomicsSalt stressTemperature stress0607 Plant Biology (for)0904 Chemical Engineering (for)1003 Industrial Biotechnology (for)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vn6888khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6vn6888k/qt6vn6888k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.algal.2022.102794articleAlgal Research, vol 66102794oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7pc0818t2026-04-30T21:40:59Zqt7pc0818tFreight Trucks in India are Primed for ElectrificationAbhyankar, NikitGopinathan, NarayanKhandekar, AdityaKarali, NihanPhadke, Amol ARajagopal, Deepak2022-10-11Diesel trucks account for more than seventy percent of all road freight movement in India, a share that has been steadily rising for over two decades. Diesel trucks also account for about 57% of petroleum used for transportation in India, which imports 88% of its crude oil consumption (with crude oil accounting for 16% of all imports). Diesel-based trucking is therefore a major contributor to concerns related to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, cost of freight, balance of trade and energy security. Recent dramatic improvements in battery costs and energy density have created opportunities for truck electrification that were seldom thought possible just a few years ago. This study analyzes the potential for truck electrification to reduce India’s emissions, fuel imports, and cost of freight through an estimation of cost of production and operation based on international battery prices. We find that battery electric trucks (BET), once mature, could have lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than diesel trucks across multiple weight classes and they also mitigate fuel price volatility, an issue endemic to diesel trucking. BETs might entail a small payload penalty which can be mitigated through light weighting strategies and any revenue losses offset by fuel cost savings. Simple calculations suggest that, at the current average grid emissions intensity for India, BETs reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of freight by 9% to 35% across different classes of trucks when compared to diesel in addition to eliminating air pollution along highways and congested areas. Nevertheless, as is often the case for infant industries which promise external benefits (reduce pollution and create knowledge spillovers), sustained policy support will be needed for the BET industry if it is to attain commercial viability: achieving minimum scale will only occur after a long maturation phase, during which electric trucks may entail both higher upfront cost and total cost of ownership relative to diesel trucks. To this end, complementing the existing Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme with additional policies such as subsidies for early adopters, as well as binding obligations on truck manufacturers and large fleet owners to induct a certain quantity or share of BETs annually – will be critical for creating certainty for investors and the economies of scale needed to stimulate a positive feedback cycle of higher deployment and lower costs. India has already successfully leveraged renewable purchase obligations, to achieve significant deployment of low-cost renewable energy; the time is now right to consider how such an approach could help India reduce its dependence of diesel for trucking.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pc0818thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7pc0818t/qt7pc0818t.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9183b5022026-04-30T21:40:55Zqt9183b502Achieving an 80% Carbon Free Electricity System in China by 2035Abhyankar, NikitLin, JiangKahrl, FredrichYin, ShengfeiPaliwal, UmedLiu, XuKhanna, NinaPhadke, Amol ALuo, Qian2022-10-01Dramatic reductions in solar, wind, and battery storage costs create new opportunities to reduce emissions and costs in China’s electricity sector, beyond current policy goals. This study examines the cost, reliability, emissions, public health, and employment implications of increasing the share of non-fossil fuel (“carbon free”) electricity generation in China to 80% by 2035. The analysis uses state-of-the-art modeling with high resolution load, wind, and solar inputs. The study finds that achieving an 80% carbon free electricity system in China by 2035 could reduce wholesale electricity costs, relative to a current policy baseline, while maintaining high levels of reliability, reducing deaths from air pollution, and increasing employment. In our 80% scenario, wind and solar generation capacity reach 3 TW and battery storage capacity reaches 0.4 TW by 2035, implying a rapid scale up in these resources that will require changes in policy targets, markets and regulation, and land use policies.41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Energy ModellingEnergy managementEnergy policyEnergy resourcesEnergy sustainabilityapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9183b502https://escholarship.org/content/qt9183b502/qt9183b502.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105180articleiScience, vol 25, iss 10105180oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5zm0d09s2026-04-30T21:40:47Zqt5zm0d09sSolarPlus Optimizer: Integrated Control of Solar, Batteries, and Flexible Loads for Small Commercial BuildingsPaul, LazloPrakash, Anand KrishnanZhang, KunPritoni, MarcoBrown, Rich2022-08-22Building-level microgrids may be a key strategy to unlock the combined potential of flexible loads, renewable generation, and energy storage. However, few software options exist for integrated control of building loads and other distributed energy resources at this scale. The commercial software solutions on the market can force customers to adopt one particular ecosystem of products, thus limiting consumer choice. The SolarPlus Optimizer (SPO) is an open-source building-level microgrid control platform that uses Model Predictive Control to optimize both building loads and behind-the-meter energy storage to reduce energy bills and increase demand flexibility. This paper evaluates the capabilities of SPO in a small commercial building in Northern California under multiple electricity tariffs and demand response scenarios. Comparing SPO operation with an emulated battery and baseline operation employing a commercial optimization service, SPO reduced electricity bills by an estimated 7.3% in summer, 3.2% in spring, and 3.7% in winter. In a “load shape” scenario meant to counter the “duck curve”, SPO achieved 71% fewer violations from the load signal than the baseline control method. During a three hour long load shed event, SPO reduced cooling and refrigeration load by 38%. This research shows significant potential to provide load flexibility for building-level microgrids for this type of control systems. Finally, the paper discusses the future direction of research on open-source control systems.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zm0d09shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5zm0d09s/qt5zm0d09s.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5t91r9092026-04-30T21:40:41Zqt5t91r909Modeling ionization quenching in organic scintillatorsLaplace, Thibault AGoldblum, Bethany LBrown, Joshua ALeBlanc, GlennLi, TianyueManfredi, Juan JBrubaker, Erik2022-07-18Ionization quenching models were assessed by evaluating light yield data from multiple organic scintillators and recoil ions over a fission spectrum neutron energy range, important for basic science and applications.
Recoil nuclei produce high ionization and excitation densities in organic scintillators leading to reduced light yield via ionization quenching. To improve understanding of the relationship between organic scintillator specific luminescence and the characteristics of the recoil particle, this work evaluates proton and carbon light yield data using ionization quenching models over an energy range of tens of keV to several MeV for protons and 1–5 MeV for carbon ions. Previously-measured proton and carbon light yield data were examined for a variety of commercial and novel organic scintillating media: EJ-309, a liquid with pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties; EJ-204, a fast plastic; EJ-276, a PSD-capable plastic; and a custom organic glass scintillator developed by Sandia National Laboratories. The canonical model of Birks did not adequately describe the ionization quenching behavior. Models proposed by Yoshida et al. and Voltz et al. provided a reasonable description of the proton light yield of a variety of organic scintillators over a broad energy range, but additional work is needed to extend the models to carbon ions. The impact of stopping power data was also investigated by comparing model predictions using SRIM and PSTAR/MSTAR libraries, and the results show a significant discrepancy for carbon ions. This work enhances understanding of ionization quenching and facilitates the accurate modeling of scintillator-based neutron detection systems relevant for medical physics, nuclear security and nonproliferation, and basic science studies.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t91r909https://escholarship.org/content/qt5t91r909/qt5t91r909.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d2ma00388karticleMaterials Advances, vol 3, iss 145871 - 5881oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5w70c2v82026-04-30T21:40:37Zqt5w70c2v8Experimental determination of hydrogen isotope exchange rates between methane and water under hydrothermal conditionsTurner, Andrew CPester, Nicholas JBill, MarkusConrad, Mark EKnauss, Kevin GStolper, Daniel A2022-07-01The hydrogen isotopic composition of methane (CH4) is used as a fingerprint of gas origins. Exchange of hydrogen isotopes between CH4 and liquid water has been proposed to occur in both low- and high-temperature settings. However, despite environmental evidence for hydrogen isotope exchange between CH4 and liquid water, there are few experimental constraints on the kinetics of this process. We present results from hydrothermal experiments conducted to constrain the kinetics of hydrogen isotope exchange between CH4 and supercritical water. Seven isothermal experiments were performed over a temperature range of 376–420 °C in which deuterium-enriched water and CH4 were reacted in flexible gold reaction cell systems. Rates of exchange were determined by measuring the change in the δD of CH4 over the time course of an experiment. Regression of derived second order rate constants (kr) vs. 1000/T (i.e., an Arrhenius plot) yields the following equation: ln(kr) = −17.32 (±4.08, 1 s.e.) × 1000/T + 3.19 (±6.01, 1 s.e.) (units of kr of sec−1 [mol/L]−1), equivalent to an activation energy of 144.0 ± 33.9 kJ/mol (1 s.e.). These results indicate that without catalysts, CH4 will not exchange hydrogen isotopes with liquid water on a timescale shorter than the age of the Earth (i.e., billions of years) at temperatures below 100–125 °C. Exchange at or below these temperatures is thought to occur due to the activity of life, and thus hydrogen isotopic equilibrium between methane and water may be a biosignature at low temperatures on Earth (in the present or the past) and on other planetary bodies. At temperatures ranging from 125 to 200 °C, hydrogen isotope exchange between CH4 and liquid water can occur on timescales of millions to hundreds of thousands of years, indicating that in thermogenic natural gas systems CH4 may isotopically equilibrate with water and achieve equilibrium isotopic compositions. Finally, the kinetics indicate that in deep-sea hydrothermal systems, the hydrogen (and thus clumped) isotopic composition of CH4 is likely set by formation and/or storage conditions isolated from the active flow regime. The determined kinetics indicate that once methane is entrained in circulating fluids, the expected time-temperature pathways are insufficient for measurable hydrogen isotope exchange between CH4 and water to occur.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Hydrogen isotope exchangeMethaneHydrothermal systemsIsotope kinetics0402 Geochemistry (for)0403 Geology (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)Geochemistry & Geophysics (science-metrix)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5w70c2v8https://escholarship.org/content/qt5w70c2v8/qt5w70c2v8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.gca.2022.04.029articleGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol 329231 - 255oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1gx6f0c32026-04-30T21:40:32Zqt1gx6f0c3Routes and rates of bacterial dispersal impact surface soil microbiome composition and functioningWalters, Kendra ECapocchi, Joia KAlbright, Michaeline BNHao, ZhaoBrodie, Eoin LMartiny, Jennifer BH2022-10-01Recent evidence suggests that, similar to larger organisms, dispersal is a key driver of microbiome assembly; however, our understanding of the rates and taxonomic composition of microbial dispersal in natural environments is limited. Here, we characterized the rate and composition of bacteria dispersing into surface soil via three dispersal routes (from the air above the vegetation, from nearby vegetation and leaf litter near the soil surface, and from the bulk soil and litter below the top layer). We then quantified the impact of those routes on microbial community composition and functioning in the topmost litter layer. The bacterial dispersal rate onto the surface layer was low (7900 cells/cm2/day) relative to the abundance of the resident community. While bacteria dispersed through all three routes at the same rate, only dispersal from above and near the soil surface impacted microbiome composition, suggesting that the composition, not rate, of dispersal influenced community assembly. Dispersal also impacted microbiome functioning. When exposed to dispersal, leaf litter decomposed faster than when dispersal was excluded, although neither decomposition rate nor litter chemistry differed by route. Overall, we conclude that the dispersal routes transport distinct bacterial communities that differentially influence the composition of the surface soil microbiome.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)Bacteria (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Plant Leaves (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gx6f0c3https://escholarship.org/content/qt1gx6f0c3/qt1gx6f0c3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41396-022-01269-warticleThe ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, vol 16, iss 102295 - 2304oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt57h497xp2026-04-30T21:40:28Zqt57h497xpThousands of small, novel genes predicted in global phage genomesFremin, Brayon JBhatt, Ami SKyrpides, Nikos CConsortium, Global Phage Small Open Reading FrameSengupta, AditiSczyrba, Alexanderda Silva, Aline MariaBuchan, AlisonGaudin, AmelieBrune, AndreasHirsch, Ann MNeumann, AnthonyShade, AshleyVisel, AxelCampbell, BarbaraBaker, BrettHedlund, Brian PCrump, Byron CCurrie, CameronKelly, CharleneCraft, ChrisHazard, ChristinaFrancis, ChristopherSchadt, Christopher WAverill, ColinMobilian, CourtneyBuckley, DanHunt, DanaNoguera, DanielBeck, DavidValentine, David LWalsh, DavidSumner, DawnLymperopoulou, DespoinaBhaya, DevakiBryant, Donald AMorrison, EliseBrodie, EoinYoung, EricaLilleskov, ErikHögfors-Rönnholm, EvaChen, FengStewart, FrankNicol, Graeme WTeeling, HannoBeller, Harry RDionisi, HebeLiao, Hui-LingBeman, J MichaelStegen, JamesTiedje, JamesJansson, JanetVanderGheynst, JeanNorton, JeanetteDangl, JeffBlanchard, JeffreyBowen, JenniferMacalady, JenniferPett-Ridge, JenniferRich, JeremyPayet, Jérôme PGladden, John DRaff, Jonathan DKlassen, Jonathan LTarn, JonathanNeufeld, JoshGravuer, KellyHofmockel, KirstenChen, Ko-HsuanKonstantinidis, KonstantinosDeAngelis, Kristen MPartida-Martinez, Laila PMeredith, LauraChistoserdova, LudmilaMoran, Mary AnnScarborough, MatthewSchrenk, MatthewSullivan, MatthewDavid, MaudeO'Malley, Michelle AMedina, MonicaHabteselassie, MussieWard, Nicholas DPietrasiak, NicoleMason, Olivia USorensen, Patrick Ode los Santos, Paulina EstradaBaldrian, PetrMcKay, R MichaelSimister, RachelStepanauskas, RamunasNeumann, RebeccaMalmstrom, RexCavicchioli, RicardoKelly, RobertHatzenpichler, RolandStocker, RomanCattolico, Rose AnnZiels, RyanVilgalys, Rytas2022-06-01Small genes (<150 nucleotides) have been systematically overlooked in phage genomes. We employ a large-scale comparative genomics approach to predict >40,000 small-gene families in ∼2.3 million phage genome contigs. We find that small genes in phage genomes are approximately 3-fold more prevalent than in host prokaryotic genomes. Our approach enriches for small genes that are translated in microbiomes, suggesting the small genes identified are coding. More than 9,000 families encode potentially secreted or transmembrane proteins, more than 5,000 families encode predicted anti-CRISPR proteins, and more than 500 families encode predicted antimicrobial proteins. By combining homology and genomic-neighborhood analyses, we reveal substantial novelty and diversity within phage biology, including small phage genes found in multiple host phyla, small genes encoding proteins that play essential roles in host infection, and small genes that share genomic neighborhoods and whose encoded proteins may share related functions.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Bacteriophages (mesh)GenomeViral (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Global Phage Small Open Reading Frame (GP-SmORF) ConsortiumBacteriophages (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)GenomeViral (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)CP: MicrobiologyMetaRibo-Seqcomparative genomicsgene familiesmicrobiomephagesORFssmall genesBacteriophages (mesh)GenomeViral (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)1116 Medical Physiology (for)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/57h497xphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt57h497xp/qt57h497xp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110984articleCell Reports, vol 39, iss 12110984oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9bd3z5592026-04-30T21:40:22Zqt9bd3z559The Transcription Factor Roc1 Is a Key Regulator of Cellulose Degradation in the Wood-Decaying Mushroom Schizophyllum communeMarian, Ioana MVonk, Peter JanValdes, Ivan DBarry, KerrieBostock, BenedictCarver, AkikoDaum, ChrisLerner, HarryLipzen, AnnaPark, HongjaeSchuller, Margo BPTegelaar, MartinTritt, AndrewSchmutz, JeremyGrimwood, JaneLugones, Luis GChoi, In-GeolWösten, Han ABGrigoriev, Igor VOhm, Robin AGillian Turgeon, B2022-06-28Wood-decaying fungi of the class Agaricomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota) are saprotrophs that break down lignocellulose and play an important role in nutrient recycling. They secrete a wide range of extracellular plant cell wall degrading enzymes that break down cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, the main building blocks of plant biomass. Although the production of these enzymes is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level, no activating regulators have been identified in any wood-decaying fungus in the class Agaricomycetes. We studied the regulation of cellulase expression in the wood-decaying fungus Schizophyllum commune. Comparative genomics and transcriptomics on two wild isolates revealed a Zn2Cys6-type transcription factor gene (roc1) that was highly upregulated during growth on cellulose, compared to glucose. It is only conserved in the class Agaricomycetes. A roc1 knockout strain showed an inability to grow on medium with cellulose as sole carbon source, and growth on cellobiose and xylan (other components of wood) was inhibited. Growth on non-wood-related carbon sources was not inhibited. Cellulase gene expression and enzyme activity were reduced in the Δroc1 strain. ChIP-Seq identified 1474 binding sites of the Roc1 transcription factor. Promoters of genes involved in lignocellulose degradation were enriched with these binding sites, especially those of LPMO (lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase) CAZymes, indicating that Roc1 directly regulates these genes. A conserved motif was identified as the binding site of Roc1, which was confirmed by a functional promoter analysis. Together, Roc1 is a key regulator of cellulose degradation and the first identified in wood-decaying fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota. IMPORTANCE Wood-degrading fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota play a crucial role in nutrient recycling by breaking down all components of wood. Fungi have evolved transcriptional networks that regulate expression of wood-degrading enzymes, allowing them to prioritize one nutrient source over another. However, to date all these transcription factors have been identified in the phylum Ascomycota, which is only distantly related to the phylum Basidiomycota. Here, we identified the transcription factor Roc1 as a key regulator of cellulose degradation in the mushroom-forming and wood-degrading fungus Schizophyllum commune. Roc1 is highly conserved in the phylum Basidiomycota. Using comparative genomics, transcriptomics, ChIP-Seq and promoter analysis we have identified direct targets of Roc1, as well as other aspects of the transcriptional response to cellulose.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Agaricales (mesh)Basidiomycota (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Cellulase (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Schizophyllum (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)ChIP-Seqcomparative genomicscomparative transcriptomicsfungigene regulationlignocellulose degradationBasidiomycota (mesh)Agaricales (mesh)Schizophyllum (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Cellulase (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)ChIP-Seqcomparative genomicscomparative transcriptomicsfungigene regulationlignocellulose degradationAgaricales (mesh)Basidiomycota (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Cellulase (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Schizophyllum (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bd3z559https://escholarship.org/content/qt9bd3z559/qt9bd3z559.pdfinfo:doi/10.1128/mbio.00628-22articlemBio, vol 13, iss 3e00628 - e00622oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt45b3t0552026-04-30T21:40:18Zqt45b3t055Improved limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio using BICEP and Planck dataTristram, MBanday, AJGórski, KMKeskitalo, RLawrence, CRAndersen, KJBarreiro, RBBorrill, JColombo, LPLEriksen, HKFernandez-Cobos, RKisner, TSMartínez-González, EPartridge, BScott, DSvalheim, TLWehus, IK2022-04-15We present constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r using a combination of BICEP/Keck 2018 (BK18) and Planck PR4 data allowing us to fit for r consistently with the six parameters of the ΛCDM model. We discuss the sensitivity of constraints on r to uncertainties in the ΛCDM parameters as defined by the Planck data. In particular, we are able to derive a constraint on the reionization optical depth τ and thus propagate its uncertainty into the posterior distribution for r. While Planck sensitivity to r is slightly lower than the current ground-based measurements, the combination of Planck with BK18 and baryon-acoustic-oscillation data yields results consistent with r=0 and tightens the constraint to r<0.032 at 95% confidence.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/45b3t055https://escholarship.org/content/qt45b3t055/qt45b3t055.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.105.083524articlePhysical Review D, vol 105, iss 8083524oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5sn2r9cr2026-04-30T21:40:08Zqt5sn2r9crLearning Global Proliferation Expertise Evolution Using AI-Driven Analytics and Public InformationGlenski, MariaAyton, EllynSoni, SannisthSaldanha, EmilyArendt, DustinQuiter, BrianCooper, RenVolkova, Svitlana2022-06-01Detecting and anticipating global proliferation expertise and capability evolution from unstructured, noisy, and incomplete public data streams is a highly desired, but extremely challenging task. In this article, we present our pioneering data-driven approach to support the non-proliferation mission to detect and explain the evolution of proliferation expertise and capability development globally from terabytes of publicly available information (PAI), focusing on our knowledge extraction pipeline and descriptive analytics. We first discuss how we fuse nine open-source data streams, including multilingual data, to convert 4 TB of unstructured data to structured knowledge and encode dynamically evolving proliferation expertise representations—content and context graphs. For this, we rely on natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning (DL) models to perform information extraction, topic modeling, and distributed text representation (aka embedding) learning. We then present interactive, usable, and explainable descriptive analytics to refine domain knowledge and present it in a human-understandable form. Finally, we introduce future work avenues that will leverage our dynamic knowledge representations and descriptive analytics to enable predictive and prescriptive inferences to achieve real-time domain understanding and contextual reasoning about global proliferation expertise and capability evolution.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Data modelsSoft sensorsOpen source softwareData miningKnowledge representationData collectionAnnotationsArtificial neural networksbig data applicationsdata miningdata visualizationdecision support systemsknowledge discoveryknowledge representationsmachine learningnatural language processing (NLP)prediction models0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)0903 Biomedical Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sn2r9crhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5sn2r9cr/qt5sn2r9cr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tns.2022.3162216articleIEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol 69, iss 61375 - 1384oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1nr5p31s2026-04-30T21:40:03Zqt1nr5p31sLevel density and photon strength function models and their adopted parametrizations for GRINHurst, Aaron2022-04-11This report describes the various models of the photon strength function and level density, together with their associated parametrizations, required for a new database and API as part of the the Gamma Rays Induced by Neutrons project.NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nr5p31shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1nr5p31s/qt1nr5p31s.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9nx1r0fx2026-04-30T21:39:59Zqt9nx1r0fxLarge balancing areas and dispersed renewable investment enhance grid flexibility in a renewable-dominant power system in ChinaLin, JiangAbhyankar, NikitHe, GangLiu, XuYin, Shengfei2022-02-01Renewable energy is poised to play a major role in achieving China's carbon neutrality goal by 2060; however, reliability and flexibility is a big concern of a renewable-dominant power system. Various strategies of enhancing flexibility are under discussion to ensure the reliability of such a system, but no detailed quantitative analysis has been reported yet in China. We combine the advantages of a capacity expansion model, SWITCH-China, with a production simulation model, PLEXOS, and analyze flexibility options under different scenarios of a renewable-dominant power system in China. We find that a larger balancing area offers direct flexibility benefits. Regional balancing could reduce the renewable curtailment rate by 5-7%, compared with a provincial balancing strategy. National balancing could further reduce the power cost by about 16%. However, retrofitting coal power plants for flexible operation would only improve the system flexibility marginally.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Energy policyPower structureapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nx1r0fxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9nx1r0fx/qt9nx1r0fx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.isci.2022.103749articleiScience, vol 25, iss 2103749oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6g9186tk2026-04-30T21:39:53Zqt6g9186tkProduction of hydrogen peroxide in an intra-meander hyporheic zone at East River, ColoradoYuan, XiuLiu, TongxuFox, PatriciaBhattacharyya, AmritaDwivedi, DipankarWilliams, Kenneth HDavis, James AWaite, T DavidNico, Peter S2022-01-01The traditionally held assumption that photo-dependent processes are the predominant source of H2O2 in natural waters has been recently questioned by an increrasing body of evidence showing the ubiquitiousness of H2O2 in dark water bodies and in groundwater. In this study, we conducted field measurement of H2O2 in an intra-meander hyporheic zone and in surface water at East River, CO. On-site detection using a sensitive chemiluminescence method suggests H2O2 concentrations in groundwater ranging from 6 nM (at the most reduced region) to ~ 80 nM (in a locally oxygen-rich area) along the intra-meander transect with a maxima of 186 nM detected in the surface water in an early afternoon, lagging the maximum solar irradiance by ∼ 1.5 h. Our results suggest that the dark profile of H2O2 in the hyporheic zone is closely correlated to local redox gradients, indicating that interactions between various redox sensitive elements could play an essential role. Due to its transient nature, the widespread presence of H2O2 in the hyporheic zone indicates the existence of a sustained balance between H2O2 production and consumption, which potentially involves a relatively rapid succession of various biogeochemically important processes (such as organic matter turnover, metal cycling and contaminant mobilization). More importantly, this study confirmed the occurrence of reactive oxygen species at a subsurface redox transition zone and further support our understanding of redox boundaries on reactive oxygen species generation and as key locations of biogeochemical activity.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g9186tkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6g9186tk/qt6g9186tk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41598-021-04171-1articleScientific Reports, vol 12, iss 1712oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt19g981032026-04-30T21:39:48Zqt19g98103Energy and power quality measurement for electrical distribution in AC and DC microgrid buildingsGerber, Daniel LGhatpande, Omkar ANazir, MoazzamHeredia, Willy G BernalFeng, WeiBrown, Richard E2022-02-01Today’s selection of DC microgrid buildings features a diverse set of electrical topologies and turnkey solutions, each with specific design trade-offs and optimizations. Designers desperately need standardized metrics and procedures for measurement and verification (M&V) to analyze and compare the advantages of each DC solution to traditional AC building networks. This work develops M&V procedures for quantifying and comparing the energy efficiency and power quality in buildings. To calculate full-building efficiency, this work introduces the measurement-informed modeling method, a procedure that develops and refines a building’s energy model with metered data. To quantify power quality, this work defines a new voltage quality index that applies to both AC and DC buildings. This article describes the equipment, instrumentation, and operation necessary to calculate the efficiency and power quality. It then demonstrates these methods with a set of field tests. These M&V procedures can ultimately be used to compare and improve the efficiency and power quality of various DC topologies.33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)4009 ElectronicsSensors and Digital Hardware (for-2020)3301 Architecture (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)DC microgridsBuildingsMeasurement and verificationEnergyPower quality09 Engineering (for)14 Economics (for)Energy (science-metrix)33 Built environment and design (for-2020)38 Economics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/19g98103https://escholarship.org/content/qt19g98103/qt19g98103.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118308articleApplied Energy, vol 308118308oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1p1363sh2026-04-30T21:39:44Zqt1p1363shMeasurement and modeling of proton-induced reactions on arsenic from 35 to 200 MeVFox, Morgan BVoyles, Andrew SMorrell, Jonathan TBernstein, Lee ABatchelder, Jon CBirnbaum, Eva RCutler, Cathy SKoning, Arjan JLewis, Amanda MMedvedev, Dmitri GNortier, Francois MO'Brien, Ellen MVermeulen, Christiaan2021-12-01As72 is a promising positron emitter for diagnostic imaging that can be employed locally using a Se72 generator. However, current reaction pathways to Se72 have insufficient nuclear data for efficient production using regional 100–200 MeV high-intensity proton accelerators. In order to address this deficiency, stacked-target irradiations were performed at LBNL, LANL, and BNL to measure the production of the Se72/As72 positron emission tomography (PET) generator system via As75(p,x) between 35 and 200 MeV. This work provides the most well-characterized excitation function for As75(p,4n)Se72 starting from threshold. Additional focus was given to report the first measurements of As75(p,x)Ge68 and bolster an already robust production capability for the highly valuable Ge68/Ga68 PET generator. Thick target yield comparisons with prior established formation routes to both generators are made. In total, high-energy proton-induced cross sections are reported for 55 measured residual products from As75, Cunat, and Tinat targets, where the latter two materials were present as monitor foils. These results were compared with literature data as well as the default theoretical calculations of the nuclear model codes talys, coh, empire, and alice. Reaction modeling at these energies is typically unsatisfactory due to few prior published data and many interacting physics models. Therefore, a detailed assessment of the talys code was performed with simultaneous parameter adjustments applied according to a standardized procedure. Particular attention was paid to the formulation of the two-component exciton model in the transition between the compound and preequilibrium regions, with a linked investigation of level density models for nuclei off of stability and their impact on modeling predictive power. This paper merges experimental work and evaluation techniques for high-energy charged-particle isotope production in an extension to an earlier study of this kind.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p1363shhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1p1363sh/qt1p1363sh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.104.064615articlePhysical Review C, vol 104, iss 6064615oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69k189fz2026-04-30T21:39:36Zqt69k189fzReduced bandwidth Compton photons from a laser-plasma accelerator using tailored plasma channelsGrote, DPFriedman, AGeddes, CGRLehe, RBenedetti, COstermayr, TMTsai, H-EVay, J-LSchroeder, CBEsarey, E2021-12-01It has been demonstrated experimentally that laser plasma accelerators can produce multi-100 MeV electron bunches with a few percent energy spread, and from these electrons, multi-MeV quasi-monoenergetic photons have been demonstrated based on Compton up-scattering from a counter-propagating laser. This offers the potential of a high-quality, narrow-bandwidth, compact, photon source with broad application. The bandwidth of the resulting photons depends directly on the distribution of the electron bunch and is limited, in particular, by the bunch divergence (i.e., the spread in transverse velocity angle). At the same time, the ability to decelerate electrons after scattering is important to source deployment. We describe a series of plasma structures that expand and then collimate the electron bunch, reducing its divergence and thus reducing the bandwidth of the scattered photons while enabling both high performance scattering and deceleration. These plasma structures are demonstrated in simulations of the accelerator system, showing the potential to reach few-percent photon spread which is important for applications using nuclear resonance fluorescence.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69k189fzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt69k189fz/qt69k189fz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0073622articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 28, iss 12123104oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7nn2m3fz2026-04-30T21:39:32Zqt7nn2m3fzThermonuclear neutron emission from a sheared-flow stabilized Z-pinchMitrani, James MBrown, Joshua AGoldblum, Bethany LLaplace, Thibault AClaveau, Elliot LDraper, Zack TForbes, Eleanor GGolingo, Ray PMcLean, Harry SNelson, Brian AShumlak, UriStepanov, AntonWeber, Tobin RZhang, YueHigginson, Drew P2021-11-01The fusion Z-pinch experiment (FuZE) is a sheared-flow stabilized Z-pinch designed to study the effects of flow stabilization on deuterium plasmas with densities and temperatures high enough to drive nuclear fusion reactions. Results from FuZE show high pinch currents and neutron emission durations thousands of times longer than instability growth times. While these results are consistent with thermonuclear neutron emission, energetically resolved neutron measurements are a stronger constraint on the origin of the fusion production. This stems from the strong anisotropy in energy created in beam-target fusion, compared to the relatively isotropic emission in thermonuclear fusion. In dense Z-pinch plasmas, a potential and undesirable cause of beam-target fusion reactions is the presence of fast-growing, “sausage” instabilities. This work introduces a new method for characterizing beam instabilities by recording individual neutron interactions in plastic scintillator detectors positioned at two different angles around the device chamber. Histograms of the pulse-integral spectra from the two locations are compared using detailed Monte Carlo simulations. These models infer the deuteron beam energy based on differences in the measured neutron spectra at the two angles, thereby discriminating beam-target from thermonuclear production. An analysis of neutron emission profiles from FuZE precludes the presence of deuteron beams with energies greater than 4.65 keV with a statistical uncertainty of 4.15 keV and a systematic uncertainty of 0.53 keV. This analysis demonstrates that axial, beam-target fusion reactions are not the dominant source of neutron emission from FuZE. These data are promising for scaling FuZE up to fusion reactor conditions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nn2m3fzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7nn2m3fz/qt7nn2m3fz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0066257articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 28, iss 11112509oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7vf4n10p2026-04-30T21:39:28Zqt7vf4n10pEcological generalism drives hyperdiversity of secondary metabolite gene clusters in xylarialean endophytesFranco, Mario EEWisecaver, Jennifer HArnold, A ElizabethJu, Yu‐MingSlot, Jason CAhrendt, StevenMoore, Lillian PEastman, Katharine EScott, KelseyKonkel, ZacharyMondo, Stephen JKuo, AlanHayes, Richard DHaridas, SajeetAndreopoulos, BillRiley, RobertLaButti, KurtPangilinan, JasmynLipzen, AnnaAmirebrahimi, MojganYan, JuyingAdam, CatherineKeymanesh, KeykhosrowNg, VivianLouie, KatherineNorthen, TrentDrula, ElodieHenrissat, BernardHsieh, Huei‐MeiYouens‐Clark, KenLutzoni, FrançoisMiadlikowska, JolantaEastwood, Daniel CHamelin, Richard CGrigoriev, Igor VU’Ren, Jana M2022-02-01Although secondary metabolites are typically associated with competitive or pathogenic interactions, the high bioactivity of endophytic fungi in the Xylariales, coupled with their abundance and broad host ranges spanning all lineages of land plants and lichens, suggests that enhanced secondary metabolism might facilitate symbioses with phylogenetically diverse hosts. Here, we examined secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMGCs) across 96 Xylariales genomes in two clades (Xylariaceae s.l. and Hypoxylaceae), including 88 newly sequenced genomes of endophytes and closely related saprotrophs and pathogens. We paired genomic data with extensive metadata on endophyte hosts and substrates, enabling us to examine genomic factors related to the breadth of symbiotic interactions and ecological roles. All genomes contain hyperabundant SMGCs; however, Xylariaceae have increased numbers of gene duplications, horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) and SMGCs. Enhanced metabolic diversity of endophytes is associated with a greater diversity of hosts and increased capacity for lignocellulose decomposition. Our results suggest that, as host and substrate generalists, Xylariaceae endophytes experience greater selection to diversify SMGCs compared with more ecologically specialised Hypoxylaceae species. Overall, our results provide new evidence that SMGCs may facilitate symbiosis with phylogenetically diverse hosts, highlighting the importance of microbial symbioses to drive fungal metabolic diversity.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Endophytes (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Lichens (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Xylariales (mesh)Ascomycotaendophyteplant-fungal interactionssaprotrophspecialised metabolismsymbiosistrophic modeXylarialesLichens (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Xylariales (mesh)Endophytes (mesh)AscomycotaXylarialesendophyteplant-fungal interactionssaprotrophspecialised metabolismsymbiosistrophic modeEndophytes (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Lichens (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Xylariales (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)4101 Climate change impacts and adaptation (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vf4n10phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7vf4n10p/qt7vf4n10p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/nph.17873articleNew Phytologist, vol 233, iss 31317 - 1330oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1nc7z4c22026-04-30T21:39:20Zqt1nc7z4c2Design principles of tandem cascade photoelectrochemical devicesKong, Calton JWarren, Emily LGreenaway, Ann LPrabhakar, Rajiv RamanujamTamboli, Adele CAger, Joel W2021-12-07The design principles for tandem cascade photoelectrocatalysis are developed using CO 2 reduction as a model system.
Cascade photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) is a possible method to improve the selectivity of solar-driven CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R). This concept can be realized by coupling different CO 2 R catalysts to different subcells in a multijunction photovoltaic (PV) stack. Efficient implementation will require careful tuning of the photocurrents and design of the photovoltages provided by the subcells to the CO 2 R catalysts in such a way as to facilitate the target reaction. Here, we outline the design principles of the tandem PEC approach using two-step conversion of CO 2 to ethylene in aqueous electrolyte, via a CO intermediate, as a model system. To perform this reaction, the first coupled PV-catalyst component should provide 4 electrons to reduce 2 molecules of CO 2 to CO; the second component should provide 8 electrons to reduce 2 CO molecules to C 2 H 4 . Based on known CO 2 R catalysts, the overpotential required to produce CO can be less than that required to reduce it to ethylene, creating the opportunity for improved efficiency. Cascade PEC can be realized in a three-terminal tandem (3TT) configuration using III–V-semiconductor based subcells coupled to Au (produces CO intermediate) and Cu (converts CO to ethylene). The current to each catalyst can be controlled by the area of the subcell exposed to the electrolyte, and the photovoltage is determined by the materials selected and device configuration. Operating conditions are found by simulating the coupled system using the open-source circuit simulator SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis). We identify conditions under which a 3TT configuration can have a higher solar to chemical conversion efficiency compared to a two-terminal two-junction tandem (2T 2J) with the same absorbers and a Cu catalyst only. We also show that 3TT PEC devices can be less sensitive to variations in catalyst activity compared to 2T devices. Finally, we discuss the applications of cascade PEC to CO 2 reduction, using different intermediates, and to other chemical networks.40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)4004 Chemical engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nc7z4c2https://escholarship.org/content/qt1nc7z4c2/qt1nc7z4c2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1039/d1se01322jarticleSustainable Energy & Fuels, vol 5, iss 246361 - 6371oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2md1k1ss2026-04-30T21:39:16Zqt2md1k1ssCoupling plant litter quantity to a novel metric for litter quality explains C storage changes in a thawing permafrost peatlandHough, MoiraMcCabe, SamanthaVining, S RosePedersen, Emily PickeringWilson, Rachel MLawrence, RyanChang, Kuang‐YuBohrer, GilFrolking, SteveHodgkins, Suzanne BMcCalley, Carmody KCooper, William TChanton, Jeffrey PSullivan, Matthew BTyson, Gene WBrodie, Eoin LWoodcroft, Ben JDominguez, SkyRiley, William JCrill, Patrick MVarner, Ruth KBlazewicz, Steven JDorrepaal, EllenTfaily, Malak MSaleska, Scott RRich, Virginia I2022-02-01Permafrost thaw is a major potential feedback source to climate change as it can drive the increased release of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ). This carbon release from the decomposition of thawing soil organic material can be mitigated by increased net primary productivity (NPP) caused by warming, increasing atmospheric CO2 , and plant community transition. However, the net effect on C storage also depends on how these plant community changes alter plant litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates. Predicting decomposition rates based on litter quality remains challenging, but a promising new way forward is to incorporate measures of the energetic favorability to soil microbes of plant biomass decomposition. We asked how the variation in one such measure, the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), interacts with changing quantities of plant material inputs to influence the net C balance of a thawing permafrost peatland. We found: (1) Plant productivity (NPP) increased post-thaw, but instead of contributing to increased standing biomass, it increased plant biomass turnover via increased litter inputs to soil; (2) Plant litter thermodynamic favorability (NOSC) and decomposition rate both increased post-thaw, despite limited changes in bulk C:N ratios; (3) these increases caused the higher NPP to cycle more rapidly through both plants and soil, contributing to higher CO2 and CH4 fluxes from decomposition. Thus, the increased C-storage expected from higher productivity was limited and the high global warming potential of CH4 contributed a net positive warming effect. Although post-thaw peatlands are currently C sinks due to high NPP offsetting high CO2 release, this status is very sensitive to the plant community's litter input rate and quality. Integration of novel bioavailability metrics based on litter chemistry, including NOSC, into studies of ecosystem dynamics, is needed to improve the understanding of controls on arctic C stocks under continued ecosystem transition.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)Arctic Regions (mesh)Carbon Dioxide (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Permafrost (mesh)Plants (mesh)Soil (mesh)C storagedecompositionlitter chemistryNOSCpeatpermafrost thawplant community changeStordalen MireIsoGenie CoordinatorsPlants (mesh)Carbon Dioxide (mesh)Soil (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Permafrost (mesh)C storageNOSCStordalen Miredecompositionlitter chemistrypeatpermafrost thawplant community changeArctic Regions (mesh)Carbon Dioxide (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Permafrost (mesh)Plants (mesh)Soil (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)Ecology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2md1k1sshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2md1k1ss/qt2md1k1ss.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/gcb.15970articleGlobal Change Biology, vol 28, iss 3950 - 968oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0kk6q6s62026-04-30T21:04:24Zqt0kk6q6s6Cocultivation of Anaerobic Fungi with Rumen Bacteria Establishes an Antagonistic RelationshipSwift, Candice LLouie, Katherine BBowen, Benjamin PHooker, Casey ASolomon, Kevin VSingan, VasanthDaum, ChrisPennacchio, Christa PBarry, KerrieShutthanandan, VaithiyalingamEvans, James EGrigoriev, Igor VNorthen, Trent RO’Malley, Michelle ATaylor, John W2021-08-31Anaerobic gut fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes) live in the digestive tract of large herbivores, where they are vastly outnumbered by bacteria. It has been suggested that anaerobic fungi challenge growth of bacteria owing to the wealth of biosynthetic genes in fungal genomes, although this relationship has not been experimentally tested. Here, we cocultivated the rumen bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes strain UWB7 with the anaerobic gut fungi Anaeromyces robustus or Caecomyces churrovis on a range of carbon substrates and quantified the bacterial and fungal transcriptomic response. Synthetic cocultures were established for at least 24 h, as verified by active fungal and bacterial transcription. A. robustus upregulated components of its secondary metabolism in the presence of Fibrobacter succinogenes strain UWB7, including six nonribosomal peptide synthetases, one polyketide synthase-like enzyme, and five polyketide synthesis O-type methyltransferases. Both A. robustus and C. churrovis cocultures upregulated S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases, histone methyltransferases, and an acetyltransferase. Fungal histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation marks were more abundant in coculture, and heterochromatin protein-1 was downregulated. Together, these findings suggest that fungal chromatin remodeling occurs when bacteria are present. F. succinogenes strain UWB7 upregulated four genes in coculture encoding drug efflux pumps, which likely protect the cell against toxins. Furthermore, untargeted nonpolar metabolomics data revealed at least one novel fungal metabolite enriched in coculture, which may be a defense compound. Taken together, these data suggest that A. robustus and C. churrovis produce antimicrobials when exposed to rumen bacteria and, more broadly, that anaerobic gut fungi are a source of novel antibiotics. IMPORTANCE Anaerobic fungi are outnumbered by bacteria by 4 orders of magnitude in the herbivore rumen. Despite their numerical disadvantage, they are resilient members of the rumen microbiome. Previous studies mining the genomes of anaerobic fungi identified genes encoding enzymes to produce natural products, which are small molecules that are often antimicrobials. In this work, we cocultured the anaerobic fungus Anaeromyces robustus or Caecomyes churrovis with rumen bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes strain UWB7 and sequenced fungal and bacterial active genes via transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Consistent with production of a fungal defense compound, bacteria upregulated genes encoding drug efflux pumps, which often export toxic molecules, and fungi upregulated genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes of natural products. Furthermore, tandem mass spectrometry detected an unknown fungal metabolite enriched in the coculture. Together, these findings point to an antagonistic relationship between anaerobic fungi and rumen bacteria resulting in the production of a fungal compound with potential antimicrobial activity.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biodefense (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Microbiome (rcdc)Natural Products (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Animals (mesh)Antibiosis (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Microbiological Techniques (mesh)Rumen (mesh)Sheep (mesh)RNA-seqtranscriptomicscocultivationsecondary metabolismfungianaerobeanaerobic fungiRumen (mesh)Animals (mesh)Sheep (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Microbiological Techniques (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Antibiosis (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)RNA-seqanaerobeanaerobic fungicocultivationfungisecondary metabolismtranscriptomicsAnaerobiosis (mesh)Animals (mesh)Antibiosis (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)GenomeBacterial (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Microbiological Techniques (mesh)Rumen (mesh)Sheep (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kk6q6s6https://escholarship.org/content/qt0kk6q6s6/qt0kk6q6s6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1128/mbio.01442-21articlemBio, vol 12, iss 410.1128/mbio.01442 - 10.1128/mbio.01421oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt58w7m8v32026-04-30T21:04:20Zqt58w7m8v3Microfabrication of a Chamber for High-Resolution, In Situ Imaging of the Whole Root for Plant–Microbe InteractionsJabusch, Lauren KKim, Peter WChiniquy, DawnZhao, ZhiyingWang, BingBowen, BenjaminKang, Ashley JYoshikuni, YasuoDeutschbauer, Adam MSingh, Anup KNorthen, Trent R2021-01-01Fabricated ecosystems (EcoFABs) offer an innovative approach to in situ examination of microbial establishment patterns around plant roots using nondestructive, high-resolution microscopy. Previously high-resolution imaging was challenging because the roots were not constrained to a fixed distance from the objective. Here, we describe a new 'Imaging EcoFAB' and the use of this device to image the entire root system of growing Brachypodium distachyon at high resolutions (20×, 40×) over a 3-week period. The device is capable of investigating root-microbe interactions of multimember communities. We examined nine strains of Pseudomonas simiae with different fluorescent constructs to B. distachyon and individual cells on root hairs were visible. Succession in the rhizosphere using two different strains of P. simiae was examined, where the second addition was shown to be able to establish in the root tissue. The device was suitable for imaging with different solid media at high magnification, allowing for the imaging of fungal establishment in the rhizosphere. Overall, the Imaging EcoFAB could improve our ability to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the rhizosphere, including studies of fluorescently-tagged, multimember, synthetic communities.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Brachypodium (mesh)Microtechnology (mesh)Molecular Imaging (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Pseudomonas (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)imagingrhizospheremicrofabricationmicroscopyplant-microbe interactionsfluorescently-tagged bacteriaGFP-like proteinsPseudomonas (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Microtechnology (mesh)Molecular Imaging (mesh)Brachypodium (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)GFP-like proteinsfluorescently-tagged bacteriaimagingmicrofabricationmicroscopyplant–microbe interactionsrhizosphereBrachypodium (mesh)Microtechnology (mesh)Molecular Imaging (mesh)Plant Roots (mesh)Pseudomonas (mesh)Rhizosphere (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)0399 Other Chemical Sciences (for)0604 Genetics (for)0699 Other Biological Sciences (for)Chemical Physics (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/58w7m8v3https://escholarship.org/content/qt58w7m8v3/qt58w7m8v3.pdfinfo:doi/10.3390/ijms22157880articleInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol 22, iss 157880oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt82q4c4zp2026-04-30T21:04:16Zqt82q4c4zpAnnotated Genome Sequence of the High-Biomass-Producing Yellow-Green Alga Tribonema minusMahan, Kristina MPolle, Jürgen EWMcKie-Krisberg, ZaidLipzen, AnnaKuo, AlanGrigoriev, Igor VLane, Todd WDavis, Aubrey KRokas, Antonis2021-06-17Here, we report the annotated genome sequence for a heterokont alga from the class Xanthophyceae. This high-biomass-producing strain, Tribonema minus UTEX B 3156, was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in California. It is stable in outdoor raceway ponds and is a promising industrial feedstock for biofuels and bioproducts.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)0605 Microbiology (for)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/82q4c4zphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt82q4c4zp/qt82q4c4zp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1128/mra.00327-21articleMicrobiology Resource Announcements, vol 10, iss 2410.1128/mra.00327 - 10.1128/mra.00321oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6wd182pt2026-04-30T21:04:10Zqt6wd182ptExperimental and theoretical determinations of hydrogen isotopic equilibrium in the system CH4 H2 H2O from 3 to 200 °CTurner, Andrew CKorol, RomanEldridge, Daniel LBill, MarkusConrad, Mark EMiller, Thomas FStolper, Daniel A2021-12-01The stable isotopic composition of methane (CH4) is commonly used to fingerprint natural gas origins. Over the past 50 years, there have been numerous proposals that both microbial and thermogenic CH4 can form in or later attain hydrogen isotopic equilibrium with water (H2O) and carbon isotopic equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2). Evaluation of such proposals requires knowledge of the equilibrium fractionation factors between CH4 and H2O or CO2 at the temperatures where microbial and thermogenic CH4 form in or are found in the environment, which is generally less than 200 °C. Experimental determinations of these fractionation factors are only available above 200 °C, requiring extrapolation of these results beyond the calibrated range or the use of theoretical calculations at lower temperatures. Here, we provide a calibration of the equilibrium hydrogen isotopic fractionation factor for CH4 and hydrogen gas (H2) (DαCH4(g)–H2(g)) based on experiments using γ-Al2O3 and Ni catalysts from 3 to 200 °C. Results were regressed as a 2nd order polynomial of 1000 × lnDαCH4(g)–H2(g) vs. 1/T (K−1) yielding: 1000 × l n D α C H 4 ( g ) - H 2 ( g ) = 3.5317 × 10 7 T 2 + 2.7749 × 10 5 T - 179.48 We combine this calibration with previous experimental determinations of hydrogen isotope equilibrium between H2, H2O(g), and H2O(l) and we provide an interpolatable experimental calibration of 1000 × lnDαCH4(g)–H2O(l) from 3 to 200 °C. Our resulting 4th order polynomial is the following equation: 1000 × l n D α C H 4 ( g ) - H 2 O l = - 7.9443 × 10 12 T 4 + 8.7772 × 10 10 T 3 - 3.4973 × 10 8 T 2 + 5.4398 × 10 5 T - 382.05 At 3 °C, the value from our calibration differs by 93‰ relative to what would be calculated based on the extrapolation of the only experimental calibration currently available to temperatures below its calibrated range (lowest temperature of 200 °C; Horibe and Craig, 1995). We additionally provide new theoretical estimates of hydrogen isotopic equilibrium between CH4(g), H2(g), and H2O(g) and carbon isotopic equilibrium between CH4(g) and CO2(g) using Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) calculations. Our PIMC calculations for hydrogen isotopic equilibrium between CH4 and H2 agree 1:1 with our experiments. Finally, we compile carbon and hydrogen isotopic measurements of CH4, CO2, and H2O from various environmental systems and compare observed differences between carbon and hydrogen isotopes to those expected based on isotopic equilibrium. We find that isotopic compositions of some microbial gases from marine sedimentary, coalbed, and shale environments are consistent with those expected for CH4 H2O(l) hydrogen and CH4 CO2 carbon isotopic equilibrium. In contrast, microbial terrestrial and pure culture gases are not consistent with both CH4 H2O(l) hydrogen and CH4 CO2 carbon isotopic equilibrium. These results are explained qualitatively using previously developed conceptual models that link free energy gradients available to microorganisms to the degree that their enzymes can promote isotope-exchange reactions between CH4, CO2, and H2O.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)Experimental calibrationMethane isotopic equilibriumMethane geochemistryPath Integral Monte Carlo calculations0402 Geochemistry (for)0403 Geology (for)0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)Geochemistry & Geophysics (science-metrix)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wd182pthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6wd182pt/qt6wd182pt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.gca.2021.04.026articleGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol 314223 - 269oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2jp1s60h2026-04-30T21:04:06Zqt2jp1s60hThe Colorado East River Community Observatory Data CollectionKakalia, ZarineVaradharajan, CharulekaAlper, ErekBrodie, Eoin LBurrus, MadisonCarroll, Rosemary WHChristianson, Danielle SDong, WenmingHendrix, Valerie CHenderson, MatthewHubbard, Susan SJohnson, DouglasVersteeg, RoelofWilliams, Kenneth HAgarwal, Deborah A2021-06-01Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Colorado East River Community Observatory (ER) in the Upper Colorado River Basin was established in 2015 as a representative mountainous, snow‐dominated watershed to study hydrobiogeochemical responses to hydrological perturbations in headwater systems. The ER is characterized by steep elevation, geologic, hydrologic and vegetation gradients along floodplain, montane, subalpine, and alpine life zones, which makes it an ideal location for researchers to understand how different mountain subsystems contribute to overall watershed behaviour. The ER has both long‐term and spatially‐extensive observations and experimental campaigns carried out by the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA), led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and researchers from over 30 organizations who conduct cross‐disciplinary process‐based investigations and modelling of watershed behaviour. The heterogeneous data generated at the ER include hydrological, genomic, biogeochemical, climate, vegetation, geological, and remote sensing data, which combined with model inputs and outputs comprise a collection of datasets and value‐added products within a mountainous watershed that span multiple spatiotemporal scales, compartments, and life zones. Within 5 years of collection, these datasets have revealed insights into numerous aspects of watershed function such as factors influencing snow accumulation and melt timing, water balance partitioning, and impacts of floodplain biogeochemistry and hillslope ecohydrology on riverine geochemical exports. Data generated by the SFA are managed and curated through its Data Management Framework. The SFA has an open data policy, and over 70 ER datasets are publicly available through relevant data repositories. A public interactive map of data collection sites run by the SFA is available to inform the broader community about SFA field activities. Here, we describe the ER and the SFA measurement network, present the public data collection generated by the SFA and partner institutions, and highlight the value of collecting multidisciplinary multiscale measurements in representative catchment observatories.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)diverse watershed dataEast Riverhydrobiogeochemical processesmountainous watershed observatorywatershed function science focus areawatershed function SFA data0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0905 Civil Engineering (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)Environmental Engineering (science-metrix)3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience (for-2020)4005 Civil engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jp1s60hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2jp1s60h/qt2jp1s60h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/hyp.14243articleHydrological Processes, vol 35, iss 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6tm2h57z2026-04-30T21:04:01Zqt6tm2h57zAnaerobic gut fungi are an untapped reservoir of natural productsSwift, Candice LLouie, Katherine BBowen, Benjamin POlson, Heather MPurvine, Samuel OSalamov, AsafMondo, Stephen JSolomon, Kevin VWright, Aaron TNorthen, Trent RGrigoriev, Igor VKeller, Nancy PO’Malley, Michelle A2021-05-04Anaerobic fungi (class Neocallimastigomycetes) thrive as low-abundance members of the herbivore digestive tract. The genomes of anaerobic gut fungi are poorly characterized and have not been extensively mined for the biosynthetic enzymes of natural products such as antibiotics. Here, we investigate the potential of anaerobic gut fungi to synthesize natural products that could regulate membership within the gut microbiome. Complementary 'omics' approaches were combined to catalog the natural products of anaerobic gut fungi from four different representative species: Anaeromyces robustus (Arobustus), Caecomyces churrovis (Cchurrovis), Neocallimastix californiae (Ncaliforniae), and Piromyces finnis (Pfinnis). In total, 146 genes were identified that encode biosynthetic enzymes for diverse types of natural products, including nonribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases. In addition, N. californiae and C. churrovis genomes encoded seven putative bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptides typically produced by bacteria. During standard laboratory growth on plant biomass or soluble substrates, 26% of total core biosynthetic genes in all four strains were transcribed. Across all four fungal strains, 30% of total biosynthetic gene products were detected via proteomics when grown on cellobiose. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) characterization of fungal supernatants detected 72 likely natural products from A. robustus alone. A compound produced by all four strains of anaerobic fungi was putatively identified as the polyketide-related styrylpyrone baumin. Molecular networking quantified similarities between tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra among these fungi, enabling three groups of natural products to be identified that are unique to anaerobic fungi. Overall, these results support the finding that anaerobic gut fungi synthesize natural products, which could be harnessed as a source of antimicrobials, therapeutics, and other bioactive compounds.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Natural Products (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Microbiome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Biological Products (mesh)Biomass (mesh)ChromatographyLiquid (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Neocallimastigales (mesh)Neocallimastix (mesh)Piromyces (mesh)Proteomics (mesh)Tandem Mass Spectrometry (mesh)natural productssecondary metabolismanaerobesfungitranscriptomicsFungi (mesh)Neocallimastix (mesh)Piromyces (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Biological Products (mesh)ChromatographyLiquid (mesh)Proteomics (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Tandem Mass Spectrometry (mesh)Neocallimastigales (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)anaerobesfunginatural productssecondary metabolismtranscriptomicsAnaerobiosis (mesh)Biological Products (mesh)Biomass (mesh)ChromatographyLiquid (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Neocallimastigales (mesh)Neocallimastix (mesh)Piromyces (mesh)Proteomics (mesh)Tandem Mass Spectrometry (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tm2h57zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6tm2h57z/qt6tm2h57z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.2019855118articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 118, iss 18e2019855118oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3kj8s12f2026-04-30T21:03:52Zqt3kj8s12fWhy Regional and Long-Haul Trucks are Primed for Electrification NowPhadke, AmolKhandekar, AdityaAbhyankar, nikitWooley, DavidRajagopal, Deepak2021-03-01Zero emission freight trucks are needed to both improve public health and reduce global
greenhouse gas emissions but at the same time are generally believed to be uneconomical.
However, recent dramatic declines in battery prices and improvement in their energy density
have created opportunities for battery-electric trucking today that were seldom anticipated
just a few years ago. At the current global average battery pack price of $135 per kilowatt-hour
(kWh) (realizable when procured at scale), a Class 8 electric truck with 375-mile range and
operated 300 miles per day when compared to a diesel truck offers about 13% lower total cost
of ownership (TCO) per mile, about 3-year payback and net present savings of about US
$200,000 over a 15-year lifetime. This is achieved with only a 3% reduction in payload
capacity. Even this small penalty can be reversed cost-effectively through light-weighting, in
any case, only matters for a small fraction of trucks which regularly utilize their maximum
payload. Electric trucks appear poised to also meet the performance demands for a large share
of regional and long-haul trucking today. The estimated average distance traveled between 30-
minute driver breaks is 150 miles and 190 miles for regional-haul and long-haul trucks
respectively in the US. Thirty minutes of charging using 500 kW or mega-Watt scale fastchargers would add sufficient range without impairing operations and economics of freight
movement. However, as with almost any clean technology, higher upfront capital costs of
both vehicles and charging infrastructure are major barriers when electric trucking is in its
infancy. Without strong policy support, coordinated investments in both vehicle
manufacturing and fuel infrastructure will not be forthcoming on the scale needed to harness
the true potential of battery electric trucks.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kj8s12fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3kj8s12f/qt3kj8s12f.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4sk8b0qh2026-04-30T21:03:47Zqt4sk8b0qhModeling the Impact of Riparian Hollows on River Corridor Nitrogen ExportsRogers, D BrianNewcomer, Michelle ERaberg, Jonathan HDwivedi, DipankarSteefel, CarlBouskill, NicholasNico, PeterFaybishenko, BorisFox, PatriciaConrad, MarkBill, MarkusBrodie, EoinArora, BhavnaDafflon, BaptisteWilliams, Kenneth HHubbard, Susan S2021-01-01Recent studies in snowmelt-dominated catchments have documented changes in nitrogen (N) retention over time, such as declines in watershed exports of N, though there is a limited understanding of the controlling processes driving these trends. Working in the mountainous headwater East River Colorado watershed, we explored the effects of riparian hollows as N-cycling hotspots and as important small-scale controls on observed watershed trends. Using a modeling-based approach informed by remote sensing and in situ observations, we simulated the N-retention capacity of riparian hollows with seasonal and yearly hydrobiogeochemical perturbations imposed as drivers. We then implemented a scaling approach to quantify the relative contribution of riparian hollows to the total river corridor N budget. We found that riparian hollows primarily serve as N sinks, with N-transformation rates significantly limited by periods of enhanced groundwater upwelling and promoted at the onset of rainfall events. Given these observed hydrologic controls, we expect that the nitrate (NO3-) sink capacity of riparian hollows will increase in magnitude with future climatic perturbations, specifically the shift to more frequent rainfall events and fewer snowmelt events, as projected for many mountainous headwater catchments. Our current estimates suggest that while riparian hollows provision ~5–20% of NO3- to the river network, they functionally act as inhibitors to upland NO3- reaching the stream. Our work linking transient hydrological conditions to numerical biogeochemical simulations is an important step in assessing N-retaining features relative to the watershed N budget and better understanding the role of small-scale features within watersheds.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)ripariannitrogenDNRAreactive transportsnowmeltmicrotopography3707 Hydrology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sk8b0qhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4sk8b0qh/qt4sk8b0qh.pdfinfo:doi/10.3389/frwa.2021.590314articleFrontiers in Water, vol 3590314oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1sh7m3gj2026-04-30T21:03:43Zqt1sh7m3gjA multi-omic characterization of temperature stress in a halotolerant Scenedesmus strain for algal biotechnologyCalhoun, SaraBell, Tisza Ann SzeremyDahlin, Lukas RKunde, YuliyaLaButti, KurtLouie, Katherine BKuftin, AndreaTreen, DanielDilworth, DavidMihaltcheva, SirmaDaum, ChristopherBowen, Benjamin PNorthen, Trent RGuarnieri, Michael TStarkenburg, Shawn RGrigoriev, Igor V2021-01-01Microalgae efficiently convert sunlight into lipids and carbohydrates, offering bio-based alternatives for energy and chemical production. Improving algal productivity and robustness against abiotic stress requires a systems level characterization enabled by functional genomics. Here, we characterize a halotolerant microalga Scenedesmus sp. NREL 46B-D3 demonstrating peak growth near 25 °C that reaches 30 g/m2/day and the highest biomass accumulation capacity post cell division reported to date for a halotolerant strain. Functional genomics analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid production, ion channels and antiporters are expanded and expressed. Exposure to temperature stress shifts fatty acid metabolism and increases amino acids synthesis. Co-expression analysis shows that many fatty acid biosynthesis genes are overexpressed with specific transcription factors under cold stress. These and other genes involved in the metabolic and regulatory response to temperature stress can be further explored for strain improvement.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Nutrition (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Amino Acids (mesh)Antiporters (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Energy Metabolism (mesh)Fatty Acids (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Genome (mesh)Ion Channels (mesh)Lipogenesis (mesh)Metabolome (mesh)Metabolomics (mesh)Microalgae (mesh)Salt Tolerance (mesh)Scenedesmus (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Scenedesmus (mesh)Fatty Acids (mesh)Amino Acids (mesh)Ion Channels (mesh)Antiporters (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Energy Metabolism (mesh)Genome (mesh)Lipogenesis (mesh)Metabolomics (mesh)Metabolome (mesh)Microalgae (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Salt Tolerance (mesh)Amino Acids (mesh)Antiporters (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Energy Metabolism (mesh)Fatty Acids (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Genome (mesh)Ion Channels (mesh)Lipogenesis (mesh)Metabolome (mesh)Metabolomics (mesh)Microalgae (mesh)Salt Tolerance (mesh)Scenedesmus (mesh)Temperature (mesh)Transcription Factors (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sh7m3gjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1sh7m3gj/qt1sh7m3gj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s42003-021-01859-yarticleCommunications Biology, vol 4, iss 1333oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt24w3k91x2026-04-30T21:03:38Zqt24w3k91xRevisiting a ‘simple’ fungal metabolic pathway reveals redundancy, complexity and diversityChroumpi, TaniaPeng, MaoAguilar‐Pontes, Maria VictoriaMüller, AstridWang, MeiYan, JuyingLipzen, AnnaNg, VivianGrigoriev, Igor VMäkelä, Miia Rde Vries, Ronald P2021-11-01Next to d-glucose, the pentoses l-arabinose and d-xylose are the main monosaccharide components of plant cell wall polysaccharides and are therefore of major importance in biotechnological applications that use plant biomass as a substrate. Pentose catabolism is one of the best-studied pathways of primary metabolism of Aspergillus niger, and an initial outline of this pathway with individual enzymes covering each step of the pathway has been previously established. However, although growth on l-arabinose and/or d-xylose of most pentose catabolic pathway (PCP) single deletion mutants of A. niger has been shown to be negatively affected, it was not abolished, suggesting the involvement of additional enzymes. Detailed analysis of the single deletion mutants of the known A. niger PCP genes led to the identification of additional genes involved in the pathway. These results reveal a high level of complexity and redundancy in this pathway, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of metabolic pathways before entering metabolic engineering of such pathways for the generation of more efficient fungal cell factories.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Arabinose (mesh)Aspergillus niger (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Pentoses (mesh)Xylose (mesh)Aspergillus niger (mesh)Pentoses (mesh)Arabinose (mesh)Xylose (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Arabinose (mesh)Aspergillus niger (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Pentoses (mesh)Xylose (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)3106 Industrial biotechnology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/24w3k91xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt24w3k91x/qt24w3k91x.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/1751-7915.13790articleMicrobial Biotechnology, vol 14, iss 62525 - 2537oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2s65v5702026-04-30T21:03:32Zqt2s65v570Genomic and functional analyses of fungal and bacterial consortia that enable lignocellulose breakdown in goat gut microbiomesPeng, XuefengWilken, St ElmoLankiewicz, Thomas SGilmore, Sean PBrown, Jennifer LHenske, John KSwift, Candice LSalamov, AsafBarry, KerrieGrigoriev, Igor VTheodorou, Michael KValentine, David LO’Malley, Michelle A2021-04-01The herbivore digestive tract is home to a complex community of anaerobic microbes that work together to break down lignocellulose. These microbiota are an untapped resource of strains, pathways and enzymes that could be applied to convert plant waste into sugar substrates for green biotechnology. We carried out more than 400 parallel enrichment experiments from goat faeces to determine how substrate and antibiotic selection influence membership, activity, stability and chemical productivity of herbivore gut communities. We assembled 719 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that are unique at the species level. More than 90% of these MAGs are from previously unidentified herbivore gut microorganisms. Microbial consortia dominated by anaerobic fungi outperformed bacterially dominated consortia in terms of both methane production and extent of cellulose degradation, which indicates that fungi have an important role in methane release. Metabolic pathway reconstructions from MAGs of 737 bacteria, archaea and fungi suggest that cross-domain partnerships between fungi and methanogens enabled production of acetate, formate and methane, whereas bacterially dominated consortia mainly produced short-chain fatty acids, including propionate and butyrate. Analyses of carbohydrate-active enzyme domains present in each anaerobic consortium suggest that anaerobic bacteria and fungi employ mostly complementary hydrolytic strategies. The division of labour among herbivore anaerobes to degrade plant biomass could be harnessed for industrial bioprocessing.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Animals (mesh)Anti-Bacterial Agents (mesh)Archaea (mesh)BacteriaAnaerobic (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Feces (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Goats (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Metabolome (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Methane (mesh)Microbial Consortia (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Feces (mesh)Animals (mesh)Goats (mesh)BacteriaAnaerobic (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Archaea (mesh)Methane (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Anti-Bacterial Agents (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Metabolome (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Microbial Consortia (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Anaerobiosis (mesh)Animals (mesh)Anti-Bacterial Agents (mesh)Archaea (mesh)BacteriaAnaerobic (mesh)Biomass (mesh)Cellulose (mesh)Feces (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Goats (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Metabolome (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Methane (mesh)Microbial Consortia (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)1108 Medical Microbiology (for)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s65v570https://escholarship.org/content/qt2s65v570/qt2s65v570.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41564-020-00861-0articleNature Microbiology, vol 6, iss 4499 - 511oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt71p5t4892026-04-30T21:03:26Zqt71p5t489Shed Light in the DaRk LineagES of the Fungal Tree of Life—STRESSelbmann, LauraBenkő, ZsigmondColeine, Claudiade Hoog, SybrenDonati, ClaudioDruzhinina, IrinaEmri, TamásEttinger, Cassie LGladfelter, Amy SGorbushina, Anna AGrigoriev, Igor VGrube, MartinGunde-Cimerman, NinaKarányi, Zsolt ÁkosKocsis, BeatrixKubressoian, TaniaMiklós, IdaMiskei, MártonMuggia, LuciaNorthen, TrentNovak-Babič, MonikaPennacchio, ChristaPfliegler, Walter PPòcsi, IstvànPrigione, ValeriaRiquelme, MeritxellSegata, NicolaSchumacher, JuliaShelest, EkaterinaSterflinger, KatjaTesei, DonatellaU’Ren, Jana MVarese, Giovanna CVázquez-Campos, XabierVicente, Vania ASouza, Emanuel MZalar, PolonaWalker, Allison KStajich, Jason E2020-01-01The polyphyletic group of black fungi within the Ascomycota (Arthoniomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes) is ubiquitous in natural and anthropogenic habitats. Partly because of their dark, melanin-based pigmentation, black fungi are resistant to stresses including UV- and ionizing-radiation, heat and desiccation, toxic metals, and organic pollutants. Consequently, they are amongst the most stunning extremophiles and poly-extreme-tolerant organisms on Earth. Even though ca. 60 black fungal genomes have been sequenced to date, [mostly in the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Eurotiomycetes)], the class Dothideomycetes that hosts the largest majority of extremophiles has only been sparsely sampled. By sequencing up to 92 species that will become reference genomes, the "Shed light in The daRk lineagES of the fungal tree of life" (STRES) project will cover a broad collection of black fungal diversity spread throughout the Fungal Tree of Life. Interestingly, the STRES project will focus on mostly unsampled genera that display different ecologies and life-styles (e.g., ant- and lichen-associated fungi, rock-inhabiting fungi, etc.). With a resequencing strategy of 10- to 15-fold depth coverage of up to ~550 strains, numerous new reference genomes will be established. To identify metabolites and functional processes, these new genomic resources will be enriched with metabolomics analyses coupled with transcriptomics experiments on selected species under various stress conditions (salinity, dryness, UV radiation, oligotrophy). The data acquired will serve as a reference and foundation for establishing an encyclopedic database for fungal metagenomics as well as the biology, evolution, and ecology of the fungi in extreme environments.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions (rcdc)Minority Health (rcdc)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)adaptationblack fungiDothideomycetesEurotiomycetesextremophilesgenomicsmetabolomicssecondary metabolitesstress conditionstranscriptomicsDothideomycetesEurotiomycetesadaptationblack fungiextremophilesgenomicsmetabolomicssecondary metabolitesstress conditionstranscriptomics3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3104 Evolutionary biology (for-2020)4601 Applied computing (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/71p5t489https://escholarship.org/content/qt71p5t489/qt71p5t489.pdfinfo:doi/10.3390/life10120362articleLife, vol 10, iss 12362oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9b50n8cj2026-04-30T21:03:17Zqt9b50n8cjTarget normal sheath acceleration with a large laser focal diameterPark, JBin, JHSteinke, SJi, QBulanov, SSThévenet, MVay, J-LSchenkel, TGeddes, CGRSchroeder, CBEsarey, E2020-12-01The dependence of the laser-driven ion acceleration from thin titanium foils in the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) regime on target and laser parameters is explored using two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The oblique incidence (θL=45°) and large focal spot size (w0=40μm) are chosen to take an advantage of quasi one-dimensional geometry of sheath fields and effective electron heating. This interaction setup also reveals low and achromatic angular divergence of a proton beam. It is shown that the hot electron temperature deviates from the ponderomotive scaling for short laser pulses and small pre-plasmas. This deviation is mainly due to the laser sweeping, as the short duration laser pulse each moment in time effectively heats only a fraction of a focal spot on the foil. This instantaneous partial heating results in an electron temperature deviation from the ponderomotive scaling and, thus, lower maximum proton energies than it could have been expected from the TNSA theory.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b50n8cjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9b50n8cj/qt9b50n8cj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0020609articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 27, iss 12123104oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9w3884cq2026-04-30T21:03:13Zqt9w3884cqDirect Observations of Silver Nanowire-Induced Frustrated Phagocytosis among NR8383 Lung Alveolar MacrophagesOgorodnik, EvgenyKarsai, ArpadWang, Kang-HsinLiu, Fu-tongLo, Su HaoPinkerton, Kent EGilbert, BenjaminHaudenschild, Dominik RLiu, Gang-yu2020-12-24The interaction of long nanowires and living cells is directly related to nanowires' nanotoxicity and health impacts. Interactions of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and macrophage cell lines (NR8383) were investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy and single cell compression (SCC). With high-resolution imaging and mechanics measurement of individual cells, AgNW-induced frustrated phagocytosis was clearly captured in conjunction with structural and property changes of cells. While frustrated phagocytosis is known for long microwires and long carbon nanotubes, this work reports first direct observations of frustrated phagocytosis of AgNWs among living cells in situ. In the case of partial penetration of AgNWs into NR8383 cells, confocal imaging revealed actin participation at the entry sites, whose behavior differs from microwire-induced frustrated phagocytosis. The impacts of frustrated phagocytosis on the cellular membrane and cytoskeleton were also quantified by measuring the mechanical properties using SCC. Taken collectively, this study reveals the structural and property characteristics of nanowire-induced frustrated phagocytosis, which deepens our understanding of nanowire-cell interactions and nanocytotoxicity.40 Engineering (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Lung (mesh)MacrophagesAlveolar (mesh)NanotubesCarbon (mesh)Nanowires (mesh)Phagocytosis (mesh)Silver (mesh)Lung (mesh)MacrophagesAlveolar (mesh)NanotubesCarbon (mesh)Silver (mesh)Phagocytosis (mesh)Nanowires (mesh)Lung (mesh)MacrophagesAlveolar (mesh)NanotubesCarbon (mesh)Nanowires (mesh)Phagocytosis (mesh)Silver (mesh)02 Physical Sciences (for)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w3884cqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9w3884cq/qt9w3884cq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08132articleThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol 124, iss 5111584 - 11592oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt92t419x82026-04-30T21:03:08Zqt92t419x8Radial density profile and stability of capillary discharge plasma waveguides of lengths up to 40 cmTurner, MGonsalves, AJBulanov, SSBenedetti, CBobrova, NAGasilov, VASasorov, PVKorn, GNakamura, Kvan Tilborg, JGeddes, CGSchroeder, CBEsarey, E2021-01-01Abstract
We measured the parameter reproducibility and radial electron density profile of capillary discharge waveguides with diameters of 650
$\mathrm{\mu} \mathrm{m}$
to 2 mm and lengths of 9 to 40 cm. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, 40 cm is the longest discharge capillary plasma waveguide to date. This length is important for
$\ge$
10 GeV electron energy gain in a single laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration stage. Evaluation of waveguide parameter variations showed that their focusing strength was stable and reproducible to
$<0.2$
% and their average on-axis plasma electron density to
$<1$
%. These variations explain only a small fraction of laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration electron bunch variations observed in experiments to date. Measurements of laser pulse centroid oscillations revealed that the radial channel profile rises faster than parabolic and is in excellent agreement with magnetohydrodynamic simulation results. We show that the effects of non-parabolic contributions on Gaussian pulse propagation were negligible when the pulse was approximately matched to the channel. However, they affected pulse propagation for a non-matched configuration in which the waveguide was used as a plasma telescope to change the focused laser pulse spot size.5102 AtomicMolecular and Optical Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)capillary plasma waveguidelaser-driven plasma wakefield accelerationplasma telescopematched laser guidingphysics.plasm-phphysics.plasm-phphysics.acc-phATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/92t419x8https://escholarship.org/content/qt92t419x8/qt92t419x8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1017/hpl.2021.6articleHigh Power Laser Science and Engineering, vol 9e17oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5cn256852026-04-30T21:03:00Zqt5cn25685Modeling of emittance growth due to Coulomb collisions in plasma-based acceleratorsZhao, YLehe, RMyers, AThévenet, MHuebl, ASchroeder, CBVay, J-L2020-11-01Coulomb collisions with background plasma are one source of emittance degradation in plasma accelerators. This paper shows that the emittance growth due to Coulomb collisions can be correctly captured in particle-in-cell simulations, with a proper Monte Carlo binary collision module. The theory of the emittance growth due to Coulomb collisions is extended from a monoenergetic matched beam to a mismatched beam with energy spread and is compared with simulation results.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cn25685https://escholarship.org/content/qt5cn25685/qt5cn25685.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0023776articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 27, iss 11113105oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4ng3d3cr2026-04-30T21:02:49Zqt4ng3d3crGenomic Analysis Enlightens Agaricales Lifestyle Evolution and Increasing Peroxidase DiversityRuiz-Dueñas, Francisco JBarrasa, José MSánchez-García, MarisolCamarero, SusanaMiyauchi, ShingoSerrano, AnaLinde, DoloresBabiker, RashidDrula, ElodieAyuso-Fernández, IvánPacheco, RemediosPadilla, GuillermoFerreira, PatriciaBarriuso, JorgeKellner, HaraldCastanera, RaúlAlfaro, ManuelRamírez, LucíaPisabarro, Antonio GRiley, RobertKuo, AlanAndreopoulos, WilliamLaButti, KurtPangilinan, JasmynTritt, AndrewLipzen, AnnaHe, GuifenYan, MiNg, VivianGrigoriev, Igor VCullen, DanielMartin, FrancisRosso, Marie-NoëlleHenrissat, BernardHibbett, DavidMartínez, Angel TEchave, Julian2021-04-13As actors of global carbon cycle, Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) have developed complex enzymatic machineries that allow them to decompose all plant polymers, including lignin. Among them, saprotrophic Agaricales are characterized by an unparalleled diversity of habitats and lifestyles. Comparative analysis of 52 Agaricomycetes genomes (14 of them sequenced de novo) reveals that Agaricales possess a large diversity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes for lignocellulose decay. Based on the gene families with the predicted highest evolutionary rates-namely cellulose-binding CBM1, glycoside hydrolase GH43, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase AA9, class-II peroxidases, glucose-methanol-choline oxidase/dehydrogenases, laccases, and unspecific peroxygenases-we reconstructed the lifestyles of the ancestors that led to the extant lignocellulose-decomposing Agaricomycetes. The changes in the enzymatic toolkit of ancestral Agaricales are correlated with the evolution of their ability to grow not only on wood but also on leaf litter and decayed wood, with grass-litter decomposers as the most recent eco-physiological group. In this context, the above families were analyzed in detail in connection with lifestyle diversity. Peroxidases appear as a central component of the enzymatic toolkit of saprotrophic Agaricomycetes, consistent with their essential role in lignin degradation and high evolutionary rates. This includes not only expansions/losses in peroxidase genes common to other basidiomycetes but also the widespread presence in Agaricales (and Russulales) of new peroxidases types not found in wood-rotting Polyporales, and other Agaricomycetes orders. Therefore, we analyzed the peroxidase evolution in Agaricomycetes by ancestral-sequence reconstruction revealing several major evolutionary pathways and mapped the appearance of the different enzyme types in a time-calibrated species tree.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Agaricales (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Peroxidases (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Agaricaleslifestyle evolutionlignocellulose decayplant cell-wall degrading enzymesligninolytic peroxidasesancestral-sequence reconstructionAgaricales (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Peroxidases (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Agaricalesancestral-sequence reconstructionlifestyle evolutionligninolytic peroxidaseslignocellulose decayplant cell-wall degrading enzymesAgaricales (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Peroxidases (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0603 Evolutionary Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)Evolutionary Biology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3104 Evolutionary biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ng3d3crhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4ng3d3cr/qt4ng3d3cr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/molbev/msaa301articleMolecular Biology and Evolution, vol 38, iss 41428 - 1446oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9fb704x92026-04-30T21:02:45Zqt9fb704x9Comparative scintillation performance of EJ-309, EJ-276, and a novel organic glassLaplace, TAGoldblum, BLBevins, JEBleuel, DLBourret, EBrown, JACallaghan, EJCarlson, JSFeng, PLGabella, GHarrig, KPManfredi, JJMoore, CMoretti, FShinner, MSweet, ASweger, ZW2020-11-01An organic glass scintillator developed by Sandia National Laboratories was characterized in terms of its light output and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties and compared to commercial liquid (EJ-309) and plastic (EJ-276) organic scintillators. The electron light output was determined through relative comparison of the 137Cs Compton edge location. The proton light yield was measured using a double time-of-flight technique at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Using a tunable broad-spectrum neutron source and an array of pulse-shape-discriminating observation scintillators, a continuous measurement of the proton light yield was performed for EJ-309 (200 keV–3.2 MeV), EJ-276 (170 keV–4.9 MeV), and the organic glass (50 keV–20 MeV) . Finally, the PSD properties of the organic glass, EJ-309, and EJ-276 were evaluated using an AmBe source and compared via a figure-of-merit metric. The organic glass exhibited a higher electron light output than both EJ-309 and EJ-276. Its proton light yield and PSD performance were comparable to EJ-309 and superior to that of EJ-276. With these performance characteristics, the organic glass scintillator is well poised to replace current state-of-the-art PSD-capable scintillators in a range of fast neutron detection applications.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Neutron detectors (coldthermalfast neutrons)Scintillatorsscintillation and light emission processes (solidgas and liquid scintillators)Radiation monitoringphysics.ins-detphysics.ins-detNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fb704x9https://escholarship.org/content/qt9fb704x9/qt9fb704x9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/15/11/p11020articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 15, iss 11p11020 - p11020oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt74j9653p2026-04-30T21:02:35Zqt74j9653pDesert truffle genomes reveal their reproductive modes and new insights into plant–fungal interaction and ectendomycorrhizal lifestyleMarqués‐Gálvez, José EduardoMiyauchi, ShingoPaolocci, FrancescoNavarro‐Ródenas, AlfonsoArenas, FranciscoPérez‐Gilabert, ManuelaMorin, EmmanuelleAuer, LucasBarry, Kerrie WKuo, AlanGrigoriev, Igor VMartin, Francis MKohler, AnnegretMorte, Asunción2021-03-01Desert truffles are edible hypogeous fungi forming ectendomycorrhizal symbiosis with plants of Cistaceae family. Knowledge about the reproductive modes of these fungi and the molecular mechanisms driving the ectendomycorrhizal interaction is lacking. Genomes of the highly appreciated edible desert truffles Terfezia claveryi Chatin and Tirmania nivea Trappe have been sequenced and compared with other Pezizomycetes. Transcriptomes of T. claveryi × Helianthemum almeriense mycorrhiza from well-watered and drought-stressed plants, when intracellular colonizations is promoted, were investigated. We have identified the fungal genes related to sexual reproduction in desert truffles and desert-truffles-specific genomic and secretomic features with respect to other Pezizomycetes, such as the expansion of a large set of gene families with unknown Pfam domains and a number of species or desert-truffle-specific small secreted proteins differentially regulated in symbiosis. A core set of plant genes, including carbohydrate, lipid-metabolism, and defence-related genes, differentially expressed in mycorrhiza under both conditions was found. Our results highlight the singularities of desert truffles with respect to other mycorrhizal fungi while providing a first glimpse on plant and fungal determinants involved in ecto to endo symbiotic switch that occurs in desert truffle under dry conditions.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Ascomycota (mesh)Cistaceae (mesh)Life Style (mesh)Mycorrhizae (mesh)Reproduction (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)arid environmentdesert trufflesdrought stressectendomycorrhizal symbiosisMAT genesmycorrhizaplant–microbe interactionsAscomycota (mesh)Mycorrhizae (mesh)Cistaceae (mesh)Life Style (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)Reproduction (mesh)MAT genesarid environmentdesert trufflesdrought stressectendomycorrhizal symbiosismycorrhizaplant-microbe interactionsAscomycota (mesh)Cistaceae (mesh)Life Style (mesh)Mycorrhizae (mesh)Reproduction (mesh)Symbiosis (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for)Plant Biology & Botany (science-metrix)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)4101 Climate change impacts and adaptation (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/74j9653phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt74j9653p/qt74j9653p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/nph.17044articleNew Phytologist, vol 229, iss 52917 - 2932oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8qh2h7442026-04-30T21:02:31Zqt8qh2h744Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS)Ruiz-Macias, OmarZarrouk, PaulineCole, ShaunNorberg, PederBaugh, CarltonBrooks, DavidDey, ArjunDuan, YutongEftekharzadeh, SarahEisenstein, Daniel JForero-Romero, Jaime EGaztañaga, EnriqueHahn, ChangHoonKehoe, RobertLandriau, MartinLang, DustinLevi, Michael ELucey, JohnMeisner, Aaron MMoustakas, JohnMyers, Adam DPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePoppett, ClairePrada, FranciscoRaichoor, AnandSchlegel, David JSchubnell, MichaelTarlé, GregoryWeinberg, David HWilson, MJYèche, Christophe2020-10-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will execute a nearly magnitude-limited survey of low redshift galaxies (0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.4, median z ≈ 0.2). Clustering analyses of this Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS) will yield the most precise measurements to date of baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift-space distortions at low redshift. DESI BGS will comprise two target classes: (i) BRIGHT (r < 19.5 mag), and (ii) FAINT (19.5 < r < 20 mag). Here we present a summary of the star-galaxy separation, and different photometric and geometrical masks, used in BGS to reduce the number of spurious targets. The selection results in a total density of ∼800 objects deg−2 for the BRIGHT and ∼600 objects deg−2 for the FAINT selections. A full characterization of the BGS selection can be found in Ruiz-Macias et al.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.GAastro-ph.GAapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qh2h744https://escholarship.org/content/qt8qh2h744/qt8qh2h744.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/2515-5172/abc25aarticleResearch Notes of the AAS, vol 4, iss 10187oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6zv1v3002026-04-30T21:02:26Zqt6zv1v300Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) SampleZhou, RongpuNewman, Jeffrey ADawson, Kyle SEisenstein, Daniel JBrooks, David DDey, ArjunDey, BiprateepDuan, YutongEftekharzadeh, SarahGaztañaga, EnriqueKehoe, RobertLandriau, MartinLevi, Michael ELicquia, Timothy CMeisner, Aaron MMoustakas, JohnMyers, Adam DPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePoppett, ClairePrada, FranciscoRaichoor, AnandSchlegel, David JSchubnell, MichaelStaten, RyanTarlé, GregoryYèche, Christophe2020-10-01The DESI survey will observe more than 8 million candidate luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the redshift range 0.3 < z < 1.0. Here we present a preliminary version of the DESI LRG target section developed using Legacy Surveys Data Release 8 g, r, z and W1 photometry. This selection yields a sample with a uniform surface density of ∼600 deg−2 and very low predicted stellar contamination and redshift failure rates. During DESI Survey Validation, updated versions of this selection will be tested and optimized.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.COastro-ph.COapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv1v300https://escholarship.org/content/qt6zv1v300/qt6zv1v300.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/2515-5172/abc0f4articleResearch Notes of the AAS, vol 4, iss 10181oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7609d6vx2026-04-30T21:02:22Zqt7609d6vxPreliminary Target Selection for the DESI Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) SampleRaichoor, AnandEisenstein, Daniel JKarim, TanveerNewman, Jeffrey AMoustakas, JohnBrooks, David DDawson, Kyle SDey, ArjunDuan, YutongEftekharzadeh, SarahGaztañaga, EnriqueKehoe, RobertLandriau, MartinLang, DustinLee, Jae HLevi, Michael EMeisner, Aaron MMyers, Adam DPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePoppett, ClairePrada, FranciscoRoss, Ashley JSchlegel, David JSchubnell, MichaelStaten, RyanTarlé, GregoryTojeiro, RitaYèche, ChristopheZhou, Rongpu2020-10-01DESI will precisely constrain cosmic expansion and the growth of structure by collecting ∼35 million redshifts across ∼80% of cosmic history and one third of the sky to study Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Redshift Space Distortions (RSD). We present a preliminary target selection for an Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) sample, which will comprise about half of all DESI tracers. The selection consists of a g-band magnitude cut and a (g − r) versus (r − z) color box, which we validate using HSC/PDR2 photometric redshifts and DEEP2 spectroscopy. The ELG target density should be ∼2400 deg−2, with ∼65% of ELG redshifts reliably within a redshift range of 0.6 < z < 1.6. ELG targeting for DESI will be finalized during a “Survey Validation” phase.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.COastro-ph.COapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7609d6vxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7609d6vx/qt7609d6vx.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/2515-5172/abc078articleResearch Notes of the AAS, vol 4, iss 10180oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3np7x2zx2026-04-30T21:02:18Zqt3np7x2zxPreliminary Target Selection for the DESI Milky Way Survey (MWS)Prieto, Carlos AllendeCooper, Andrew PDey, ArjunGänsicke, Boris TKoposov, Sergey ELi, TingManser, ChristopherNidever, David LRockosi, ConstanceWang, Mei-YuAguado, David SBlum, RobertBrooks, DavidEisenstein, Daniel JDuan, YutongEftekharzadeh, SarahGaztañaga, EnriqueKehoe, RobertLandriau, MartinLee, Chien-HsiuLevi, Michael EMeisner, Aaron MMyers, Adam DNajita, JoanOlsen, KnutPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePoppett, ClairePrada, FranciscoSchlegel, David JSchubnell, MichaelTarlé, GregoryValluri, MonicaWechsler, Risa HYèche, Christophe2020-10-01The DESI Milky Way Survey (MWS) will observe ≥8 million stars between 16 < r < 19 mag, supplemented by observations of brighter targets under poor observing conditions. The survey will permit an accurate determination of stellar kinematics and population gradients, characterize diffuse substructure in the thick disk and stellar halo, enable the discovery of extremely metal-poor stars and other rare stellar types, and improve constraints on the Galaxy’s 3D dark matter distribution from halo star kinematics. MWS will also enable a detailed characterization of the stellar populations within 100 pc of the Sun, including a complete census of white dwarfs. The target catalog from the preliminary selection described here is public (Available at https://data.desi.lbl.gov/public/ets/target/catalogs/ and detailed at https://desidatamodel.readthedocs.io).5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.GAastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SRapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3np7x2zxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3np7x2zx/qt3np7x2zx.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/2515-5172/abc1dcarticleResearch Notes of the AAS, vol 4, iss 10188oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5hm0x6912026-04-30T21:01:59Zqt5hm0x691Corrigendum: An accurate and efficient laser-envelope solver for the modeling of laser-plasma accelerators Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60 014002Benedetti, CSchroeder, CBGeddes, CGREsarey, ELeemans, WP2020-08-01We would like to correct a misprint1 present in equation (1) of our paper [1]. The correct equation reads (Formula Presented).5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hm0x691https://escholarship.org/content/qt5hm0x691/qt5hm0x691.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6587/ab9a63articlePlasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol 62, iss 8089501oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5217c2bm2026-04-30T21:01:51Zqt5217c2bmLaser-heated capillary discharge waveguides as tunable structures for laser-plasma accelerationPieronek, CVGonsalves, AJBenedetti, CBulanov, SSvan Tilborg, JBin, JHSwanson, KKDaniels, JBagdasarov, GABobrova, NAGasilov, VAKorn, GSasorov, PVGeddes, CGRSchroeder, CBLeemans, WPEsarey, E2020-09-01Laser-heated capillary discharge waveguides are novel, low plasma density guiding structures able to guide intense laser pulses over many diffraction lengths and have recently enabled the acceleration of electrons to 7.8 GeV by using a laser-plasma accelerator (LPA). These devices represent an improvement over conventional capillary discharge waveguides, as the channel matched spot size and plasma density can be tuned independently of the capillary radius. This has allowed the guiding of petawatt-scale pulses focused to small spot sizes within large diameter capillaries, preventing laser damage of the capillary structure. High performance channel-guided LPAs require control of matched spot size and density, which experiments and simulations reported here show can be tuned over a wide range via initial discharge and laser parameters. In this paper, measurements of the matched spot size and plasma density in laser-heated capillary discharges are presented, which are found to be in excellent agreement with simulations performed using the MHD code MARPLE. Strategies for optimizing accelerator performance are identified based on these results.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5217c2bmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5217c2bm/qt5217c2bm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0014961articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 27, iss 9093101oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt11x8b9hc2026-04-30T20:58:36Zqt11x8b9hcAuthor Correction: Rapid cost decrease of renewables and storage accelerates the decarbonization of China’s power systemHe, GangLin, JiangSifuentes, FroylanLiu, XuAbhyankar, NikitPhadke, Amol2020-01-01An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/11x8b9hchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt11x8b9hc/qt11x8b9hc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-020-17706-3articleNature Communications, vol 11, iss 13780oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt76n7893r2026-04-30T20:58:28Zqt76n7893rPlanck intermediate resultsAkrami, YAndersen, KJAshdown, MBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBond, JRBorrill, JBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECasaponsa, BChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDi Valentino, EDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDupac, XEriksen, HKFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHandley, WHelou, GHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLilley, MLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMacías-Pérez, JFMaino, DMandolesi, NMarcos-Caballero, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, NMcEwen, JDMeinhold, PRMennella, AMigliaccio, MMitra, SMolinari, DMontier, LMorgante, GMoss, ANatoli, PPaoletti, DPartridge, BPatanchon, GPearson, DPearson, TJ2020-11-01We present the
NPIPE
processing pipeline, which produces calibrated frequency maps in temperature and polarization from data from the
Planck
Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) and High Frequency Instrument (HFI) using high-performance computers.
NPIPE
represents a natural evolution of previous
Planck
analysis efforts, and combines some of the most powerful features of the separate LFI and HFI analysis pipelines. For example, following the LFI 2018 processing procedure,
NPIPE
uses foreground polarization priors during the calibration stage in order to break scanning-induced degeneracies. Similarly,
NPIPE
employs the HFI 2018 time-domain processing methodology to correct for bandpass mismatch at all frequencies. In addition,
NPIPE
introduces several improvements, including, but not limited to: inclusion of the 8% of data collected during repointing manoeuvres; smoothing of the LFI reference load data streams; in-flight estimation of detector polarization parameters; and construction of maximally independent detector-set split maps. For component-separation purposes, important improvements include: maps that retain the CMB Solar dipole, allowing for high-precision relative calibration in higher-level analyses; well-defined single-detector maps, allowing for robust CO extraction; and HFI temperature maps between 217 and 857 GHz that are binned into 0′.9 pixels (
N
side
= 4096), ensuring that the full angular information in the data is represented in the maps even at the highest
Planck
resolutions. The net effect of these improvements is lower levels of noise and systematics in both frequency and component maps at essentially all angular scales, as well as notably improved internal consistency between the various frequency channels. Based on the
NPIPE
maps, we present the first estimate of the Solar dipole determined through component separation across all nine
Planck
frequencies. The amplitude is (3366.6 ± 2.7)
μ
K, consistent with, albeit slightly higher than, earlier estimates. From the large-scale polarization data, we derive an updated estimate of the optical depth of reionization of
τ
= 0.051 ± 0.006, which appears robust with respect to data and sky cuts. There are 600 complete signal, noise and systematics simulations of the full-frequency and detector-set maps. As a
Planck
first, these simulations include full time-domain processing of the beam-convolved CMB anisotropies. The release of
NPIPE
maps and simulations is accompanied with a complete suite of raw and processed time-ordered data and the software, scripts, auxiliary data, and parameter files needed to improve further on the analysis and to run matching simulations.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)cosmic background radiationcosmology: observationscosmological parametersGalaxy: generalmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/76n7893rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt76n7893r/qt76n7893r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/202038073articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 643a42oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2ch8d45z2026-04-30T20:58:18Zqt2ch8d45zSolar+ Optimizer: A Model Predictive Control Optimization Platform for Grid Responsive Building MicrogridsPrakash, Anand KrishnanZhang, KunGupta, PranavBlum, DavidMarshall, MarcFierro, GabeAlstone, PeterZoellick, JamesBrown, RichardPritoni, Marco2020-01-01With the falling costs of solar arrays and battery storage and reduced reliability of the grid due to natural disasters, small-scale local generation and storage resources are beginning to proliferate. However, very few software options exist for integrated control of building loads, batteries and other distributed energy resources. The available software solutions on the market can force customers to adopt one particular ecosystem of products, thus limiting consumer choice, and are often incapable of operating independently of the grid during blackouts. In this paper, we present the “Solar+ Optimizer” (SPO), a control platform that provides demand flexibility, resiliency and reduced utility bills, built using open-source software. SPO employs Model Predictive Control (MPC) to produce real time optimal control strategies for the building loads and the distributed energy resources on site. SPO is designed to be vendor-agnostic, protocol-independent and resilient to loss of wide-area network connectivity. The software was evaluated in a real convenience store in northern California with on-site solar generation, battery storage and control of HVAC and commercial refrigeration loads. Preliminary tests showed price responsiveness of the building and cost savings of more than 10% in energy costs alone.40 Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)11 Sustainable Cities and Communities (sdg)demand flexibilitycontrol systemoptimizationresiliencysmart buildingsdistributed energy resourcesmodel predictive control02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)33 Built environment and design (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ch8d45zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2ch8d45z/qt2ch8d45z.pdfinfo:doi/10.3390/en13123093articleEnergies, vol 13, iss 123093oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1sd3t6ht2026-04-30T20:58:10Zqt1sd3t6htAnomaly detection with density estimationNachman, BenjaminShih, David2020-04-01We leverage recent breakthroughs in neural density estimation to propose a new unsupervised ANOmaly detection with Density Estimation (ANODE) technique. By estimating the conditional probability density of the data in a signal region and in sidebands, and interpolating the latter into the signal region, a fully data-driven likelihood ratio of data versus background can be constructed. This likelihood ratio is broadly sensitive to overdensities in the data that could be due to localized anomalies. In addition, a unique potential benefit of the ANODE method is that the background can be directly estimated using the learned densities. Finally, ANODE is robust against systematic differences between signal region and sidebands, giving it broader applicability than other methods. We demonstrate the power of this new approach using the LHC Olympics 2020 R&D dataset. We show how ANODE can enhance the significance of a dijet bump hunt by up to a factor of 7 with a 10% accuracy on the background prediction. While the LHC is used as the recurring example, the methods developed here have a much broader applicability to anomaly detection in physics and beyond.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sd3t6hthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1sd3t6ht/qt1sd3t6ht.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.101.075042articlePhysical Review D, vol 101, iss 7075042oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1kp7z8tr2026-04-30T20:58:00Zqt1kp7z8trLaser-heated capillary discharge plasma waveguides for electron acceleration to 8 GeVGonsalves, AJNakamura, KBenedetti, CPieronek, CVSteinke, SBin, JHBulanov, SSvan Tilborg, JGeddes, CGRSchroeder, CBDaniels, JTóth, CsObst-Huebl, Lvan den Berg, RGWBagdasarov, GBobrova, NGasilov, VKorn, GSasorov, PLeemans, WPEsarey, E2020-05-01A plasma channel created by the combination of a capillary discharge and inverse Bremsstrahlung laser heating enabled the generation of electron bunches with energy up to 7.8 GeV in a laser-driven plasma accelerator. The capillary discharge created an initial plasma channel and was used to tune the plasma temperature, which optimized laser heating. Although optimized colder initial plasma temperatures reduced the ionization degree, subsequent ionization from the heater pulse created a fully ionized plasma on-axis. The heater pulse duration was chosen to be longer than the hydrodynamic timescale of ≈1 ns, such that later temporal slices were more efficiently guided by the channel created by the front of the pulse. Simulations are presented which show that this thermal self-guiding of the heater pulse enabled channel formation over 20 cm. The post-heated channel had lower on-axis density and increased focusing strength compared to relying on the discharge alone, which allowed for guiding of relativistically intense laser pulses with a peak power of 0.85 PW and wakefield acceleration over 15 diffraction lengths. Electrons were injected into the wake in multiple buckets and times, leading to several electron bunches with different peak energies. To create single electron bunches with low energy spread, experiments using localized ionization injection inside a capillary discharge waveguide were performed. A single injected bunch with energy 1.6 GeV, charge 38 pC, divergence 1 mrad, and relative energy spread below 2% full-width half-maximum was produced in a 3.3 cm-long capillary discharge waveguide. This development shows promise for mitigation of energy spread and future high efficiency staged acceleration experiments.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kp7z8trhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1kp7z8tr/qt1kp7z8tr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0002769articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 27, iss 5053102oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2rc5n39n2026-04-30T20:57:53Zqt2rc5n39nCO Oxidation Mechanisms on CoO x ‑Pt Thin FilmsKersell, HeathHooshmand, ZahraYan, GeorgeLe, DuyNguyen, HuyEren, BaranWu, Cheng HaoWaluyo, IradwikanariHunt, AdrianNemšák, SlavomírSomorjai, GaborRahman, Talat SSautet, PhilippeSalmeron, Miquel2020-05-06The reaction of CO and O2 with submonolayer and multilayer CoOx films on Pt(111), to produce CO2, was investigated at room temperature in the mTorr pressure regime. Using operando ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high pressure scanning tunneling microscopy, as well as density functional theory calculations, we found that the presence of oxygen vacancies in partially oxidized CoOx films significantly enhances the CO oxidation activity to form CO2 upon exposure to mTorr pressures of CO at room temperature. In contrast, CoO films without O-vacancies are much less active for CO2 formation at RT, and CO only adsorbed in the form of carbonate species that are stable up to 260 °C. On submonolayer CoOx islands, the carbonates form preferentially at island edges, deactivating the edge sites for CO2 formation, even while the reaction proceeds inside the islands. These results provide a detailed understanding of CO oxidation pathways on systems where noble metals such as Pt interact with reducible oxides.40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)CSD-02-CAT-A (c-lbnl-label)03 Chemical Sciences (for)General Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rc5n39nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2rc5n39n/qt2rc5n39n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/jacs.0c01139articleJournal of the American Chemical Society, vol 142, iss 188312 - 8322oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt61z940kw2026-04-30T20:57:45Zqt61z940kwPlanck intermediate resultsAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCasaponsa, BChiang, HCCombet, CContreras, DCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDi Valentino, EDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDupac, XEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FFrailis, MFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHandley, WHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMacías-Pérez, JFMaino, DMandolesi, NMarcos-Caballero, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, NMcEwen, JDMennella, AMigliaccio, MMolinari, DMoneti, AMontier, LMorgante, GMoss, ANatoli, PPagano, LPaoletti, DPerrotta, FPettorino, VPiacentini, FPolenta, GRachen, JPReinecke, MRemazeilles, M2020-12-01The largest temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the dipole, which has been measured with increasing accuracy for more than three decades, particularly with the
Planck
satellite. The simplest interpretation of the dipole is that it is due to our motion with respect to the rest frame of the CMB. Since current CMB experiments infer temperature anisotropies from angular intensity variations, the dipole modulates the temperature anisotropies with the same frequency dependence as the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. We present the first, and significant, detection of this signal in the tSZ maps and find that it is consistent with direct measurements of the CMB dipole, as expected. The signal contributes power in the tSZ maps, which is modulated in a quadrupolar pattern, and we estimate its contribution to the tSZ bispectrum, noting that it contributes negligible noise to the bispectrum at relevant scales.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmology: observationsrelativistic processesreference systemsastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/61z940kwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt61z940kw/qt61z940kw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/202038053articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 644a100oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt16j5j6gf2026-04-30T20:57:37Zqt16j5j6gfPower Electronics to Reinvent the LED Lighting SystemGerber, DanielBrown, RichardMeier, AlanPoon, JasonSANDERS, Seth2019-02-21LDRD proposal presentation to ETA ALD at LBNL. Proposing using DC and other power electronics schemes to improve lighting power delivery.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/16j5j6gfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt16j5j6gf/qt16j5j6gf.pdfnon_textualoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4sj0h6jz2026-04-30T20:57:32Zqt4sj0h6jzThe Power Control Rack: A Modular Solution for Building Power SystemsGerber, DanielMeier, AlanBrown, RichardPoon, JasonSANDERS, Sethvon Meier, AlexandraKeister, Tom2020-03-03LDRD proposal presentation to ETA ALD at LBNL. Proposing use of SST to create a modular efficient single point of common coupling for buildings.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sj0h6jzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4sj0h6jz/qt4sj0h6jz.pdfnon_textualoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt12q8m3p02026-04-30T20:57:27Zqt12q8m3p0An Efficiency-Focused Design of Direct-DC Loads in BuildingsGerber, DanielLiou, RichardBrown, Richard2019-05-01Despite the recent interest in direct current (DC) power distribution in buildings, the market for DC-ready loads remains small. The existing DC loads in various products or research test beds are not always designed to efficiently leverage the benefits of DC. This work addresses a pressing need for a study into the development of efficient DC loads. In particular, it focuses on documenting and demonstrating how to best leverage a DC input to eliminate or improve conversion stages in a load’s power converter. This work identifies how typical building loads can benefit from DC input, including bath fans, refrigerators, task lights, and zone lighting. It then details the development of several prototypes that demonstrate efficiency savings with DC. The most efficient direct-DC loads are explicitly designed for DC from the ground up, rather than from an AC modification.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/12q8m3p0https://escholarship.org/content/qt12q8m3p0/qt12q8m3p0.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08z8r4ff2026-04-30T20:57:23Zqt08z8r4ff101 Dothideomycetes genomes: A test case for predicting lifestyles and emergence of pathogensHaridas, SAlbert, RBinder, MBloem, JLaButti, KSalamov, AAndreopoulos, BBaker, SEBarry, KBills, GBluhm, BHCannon, CCastanera, RCulley, DEDaum, CEzra, DGonzález, JBHenrissat, BKuo, ALiang, CLipzen, ALutzoni, FMagnuson, JMondo, SJNolan, MOhm, RAPangilinan, JPark, H-JRamírez, LAlfaro, MSun, HTritt, AYoshinaga, YZwiers, L-HTurgeon, BGGoodwin, SBSpatafora, JWCrous, PWGrigoriev, IV2020-06-01Dothideomycetes is the largest class of kingdom Fungi and comprises an incredible diversity of lifestyles, many of which have evolved multiple times. Plant pathogens represent a major ecological niche of the class Dothideomycetes and they are known to infect most major food crops and feedstocks for biomass and biofuel production. Studying the ecology and evolution of Dothideomycetes has significant implications for our fundamental understanding of fungal evolution, their adaptation to stress and host specificity, and practical implications with regard to the effects of climate change and on the food, feed, and livestock elements of the agro-economy. In this study, we present the first large-scale, whole-genome comparison of 101 Dothideomycetes introducing 55 newly sequenced species. The availability of whole-genome data produced a high-confidence phylogeny leading to reclassification of 25 organisms, provided a clearer picture of the relationships among the various families, and indicated that pathogenicity evolved multiple times within this class. We also identified gene family expansions and contractions across the Dothideomycetes phylogeny linked to ecological niches providing insights into genome evolution and adaptation across this group. Using machine-learning methods we classified fungi into lifestyle classes with >95 % accuracy and identified a small number of gene families that positively correlated with these distinctions. This can become a valuable tool for genome-based prediction of species lifestyle, especially for rarely seen and poorly studied species.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac)Fungal evolutionGenome-based predictionMachine-learningNew taxaAulographales CrousSpataforaHaridas & GrigorievConiosporiaceae CrousSpataforaHaridas & GrigorievConiosporiales CrousSpataforaHaridas & GrigorievEremomycetales CrousSpataforaHaridas & GrigorievFungal evolutionGenome-based predictionLineolataceae CrousSpataforaHaridas & GrigorievLineolatales CrousSpataforaHaridas & GrigorievMachine-learningNew taxaRhizodiscinaceae CrousSpataforaHaridas & Grigoriev0605 Microbiology (for)Mycology & Parasitology (science-metrix)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08z8r4ffhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt08z8r4ff/qt08z8r4ff.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.01.003articleStudies in Mycology, vol 96, iss 96141 - 153oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4sr3x62k2026-04-30T20:57:18Zqt4sr3x62kDraft Genome Assemblies of Ionic Liquid-Resistant Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f and Its Superior Evolved Strain, YlCW001Walker, CalebRyu, SeunghyunHaridas, SajeetNa, HyunsooZane, MatthewLaButti, KurtBarry, KerrieGrigoriev, Igor VTrinh, Cong TStajich, Jason E2020-02-27Adaptive laboratory evolution of Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f in the benchmark ionic liquid (IL; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) produced a superior IL-tolerant microorganism, strain YlCW001. Here, we report the genome sequences of PO1f and YlCW001 to study the robustness of Y. lipolytica and its potential use as a microbial platform for producing fuels and chemicals.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0604 Genetics (for)0605 Microbiology (for)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sr3x62khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4sr3x62k/qt4sr3x62k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1128/mra.01356-19articleMicrobiology Resource Announcements, vol 9, iss 910.1128/mra.01356 - 10.1128/mra.01319oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4gb9k37w2026-04-30T20:57:10Zqt4gb9k37wMixtures of aromatic compounds induce ligninolytic gene expression in the wood-rotting fungus Dichomitus squalensDaly, PaulPeng, MaoCasado López, SaraLipzen, AnnaNg, VivianSingan, Vasanth RWang, MeiGrigoriev, Igor Vde Vries, Ronald PMäkelä, Miia R2020-01-01Heterologous production of fungal ligninolytic cocktails is challenging due to the low yields of catalytically active lignin modifying peroxidases. Production using a natural system, such as a wood-rotting fungus, is a promising alternative if specific or preferential induction of the ligninolytic activities could be achieved. Using transcriptomics, gene expression of the white-rot Dichomitus squalens during growth on mixtures of aromatic compounds, with ring structures representing the two major lignin sub-units, was compared to a wood substrate. Most of the genes encoding lignin modifying enzymes (laccases and peroxidases) categorised as highly or moderately expressed on wood were expressed similarly on aromatic compounds. Higher expression levels of a subset of manganese and versatile peroxidases was observed on di- compared to mono-methoxylated aromatics. The expression of polysaccharide degrading enzymes was lower on aromatic compounds compared to wood, demonstrating that the induction of lignin modifying enzymes became more specific. This study suggests potential for aromatic waste streams, e.g. from lignocellulose pretreatment, to produce a lignin-specific enzyme cocktail from D. squalens or other white-rot fungi.30 AgriculturalVeterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)36 Creative Arts and Writing (for-2020)3206 Medical Biotechnology (for-2020)3601 Art HistoryTheory and Criticism (for-2020)3001 Agricultural Biotechnology (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)HydrocarbonsAromatic (mesh)Laccase (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Peroxidases (mesh)Polyporaceae (mesh)Wood (mesh)BasidiomyceteAromaticsLigninGene expressionWhite-rotPolyporaceae (mesh)HydrocarbonsAromatic (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Laccase (mesh)Peroxidases (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)Wood (mesh)AromaticsBasidiomyceteGene expressionLigninWhite-rotFungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)HydrocarbonsAromatic (mesh)Laccase (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Peroxidases (mesh)Polyporaceae (mesh)Wood (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)10 Technology (for)Biotechnology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3206 Medical biotechnology (for-2020)3601 Art historytheory and criticism (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gb9k37whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4gb9k37w/qt4gb9k37w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.11.014articleJournal of Biotechnology, vol 30835 - 39oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0vw9m4382026-04-30T20:57:06Zqt0vw9m438Economic and environmental benefits of market-based power-system reform in China: A case study of the Southern grid systemAbhyankar, NikitLin, JiangLiu, XuSifuentes, Froylan2020-02-01China, whose power system accounts for about 13% of global energy-related CO2 emissions, has begun implementing market-based power-sector reforms. This paper simulates power system dispatch in China’s Southern Grid region and examines the economic and environmental impacts of market-based operations. We find that market-based operation can increase efficiency and reduce costs in all Southern Grid provinces—reducing wholesale electricity costs by up to 35% for the entire region relative to the 2016 baseline. About 60% of the potential cost reduction can be realized by creating independent provincial markets within the region, and the rest by creating a regional market without transmission expansion. The wholesale market revenue is adequate to recover generator fixed costs; however, financial restructuring of current payment mechanisms may be necessary. Electricity markets could also reduce the Southern Grid’s CO2 emissions by up to 10% owing to more efficient thermal dispatch and avoided hydro/renewable curtailment. The benefits of regional electricity markets with expanded transmission likely will increase as China’s renewable generation increases.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)13 Climate Action (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)ChinaSouthern gridPower Market reformsDispatch modelingCO2 emissions05 Environmental Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)12 Built Environment and Design (for)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)33 Built environment and design (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vw9m438https://escholarship.org/content/qt0vw9m438/qt0vw9m438.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104558articleResources Conservation and Recycling, vol 153104558oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7zw414mz2026-04-30T20:56:58Zqt7zw414mzGenome expansion by allopolyploidization in the fungal strain Coniochaeta 2T2.1 and its exceptional lignocellulolytic machineryMondo, Stephen JJiménez, Diego JavierHector, Ronald ELipzen, AnnaYan, MiLaButti, KurtBarry, Kerrievan Elsas, Jan DirkGrigoriev, Igor VNichols, Nancy N2019-12-01BackgroundParticular species of the genus Coniochaeta (Sordariomycetes) exhibit great potential for bioabatement of furanic compounds and have been identified as an underexplored source of novel lignocellulolytic enzymes, especially Coniochaeta ligniaria. However, there is a lack of information about their genomic features and metabolic capabilities. Here, we report the first in-depth genome/transcriptome survey of a Coniochaeta species (strain 2T2.1).ResultsThe genome of Coniochaeta sp. strain 2T2.1 has a size of 74.53 Mbp and contains 24,735 protein-encoding genes. Interestingly, we detected a genome expansion event, resulting ~ 98% of the assembly being duplicated with 91.9% average nucleotide identity between the duplicated regions. The lack of gene loss, as well as the high divergence and strong genome-wide signatures of purifying selection between copies indicates that this is likely a recent duplication, which arose through hybridization between two related Coniochaeta-like species (allopolyploidization). Phylogenomic analysis revealed that 2T2.1 is related Coniochaeta sp. PMI546 and Lecythophora sp. AK0013, which both occur endophytically. Based on carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) annotation, we observed that even after in silico removal of its duplicated content, the 2T2.1 genome contains exceptional lignocellulolytic machinery. Moreover, transcriptomic data reveal the overexpression of proteins affiliated to CAZy families GH11, GH10 (endoxylanases), CE5, CE1 (xylan esterases), GH62, GH51 (α-l-arabinofuranosidases), GH12, GH7 (cellulases), and AA9 (lytic polysaccharide monoxygenases) when the fungus was grown on wheat straw compared with glucose as the sole carbon source.ConclusionsWe provide data that suggest that a recent hybridization between the genomes of related species may have given rise to Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1. Moreover, our results reveal that the degradation of arabinoxylan, xyloglucan and cellulose are key metabolic processes in strain 2T2.1 growing on wheat straw. Different genes for key lignocellulolytic enzymes were identified, which can be starting points for production, characterization and/or supplementation of enzyme cocktails used in saccharification of agricultural residues. Our findings represent first steps that enable a better understanding of the reticulate evolution and “eco-enzymology” of lignocellulolytic Coniochaeta species.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)ConiochaetaFungal genomicsAllopolyploidizationLignocellulolytic enzymesLytic polysaccharide monoxygenasesWheat strawAllopolyploidizationConiochaetaFungal genomicsLignocellulolytic enzymesLytic polysaccharide monoxygenasesWheat straw0904 Chemical Engineering (for)1003 Industrial Biotechnology (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3106 Industrial biotechnology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zw414mzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7zw414mz/qt7zw414mz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s13068-019-1569-6articleBiotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, vol 12, iss 1229oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt73w2x3hf2026-04-30T20:56:51Zqt73w2x3hfCurrent outcomes when optimizing ‘standard’ sample preparation for single‐particle cryo‐EMCARRAGHER, BCHENG, YFROST, AGLAESER, RMLANDER, GCNOGALES, EWANG, H‐W2019-10-01Although high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is now producing a rapid stream of breakthroughs in structural biology, it nevertheless remains the case that the preparation of suitable frozen-hydrated samples on electron microscopy grids is often quite challenging. Purified samples that are intact and structurally homogeneous - while still in the test tube - may not necessarily survive the standard methods of making extremely thin, aqueous films on grids. As a result, it is often necessary to try a variety of experimental conditions before finally finding an approach that is optimal for the specimen at hand. Here, we summarize some of our collective experiences to date in optimizing sample preparation, in the hope that doing so will be useful to others, especially those new to the field. We also hope that an open discussion of these common challenges will encourage the development of more generally applicable methodology. Our collective experiences span a diverse range of biochemical samples and most of the commonly used variations in how grids are currently prepared. Unfortunately, none of the currently used optimization methods can be said, in advance, to be the one that ultimately will work when a project first begins. Nevertheless, there are some preferred first steps to explore when facing specific problems that can be more generally recommended, based on our experience and that of many others in the cryo-EM field.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Macromolecular Substances (mesh)Single Molecule Imaging (mesh)Specimen Handling (mesh)Air-water interfacebiological cryo-EMsample preparationMacromolecular Substances (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Specimen Handling (mesh)Single Molecule Imaging (mesh)Air-water interfacebiological cryo-EMsample preparationCryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Macromolecular Substances (mesh)Single Molecule Imaging (mesh)Specimen Handling (mesh)Macromolecular SubstancesCryoelectron MicroscopySpecimen HandlingSingle Molecule Imaging0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)Microscopy (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/73w2x3hfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt73w2x3hf/qt73w2x3hf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/jmi.12834articleJournal of Microscopy, vol 276, iss 139 - 45oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3k89v3s12026-04-30T20:53:53Zqt3k89v3s1Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a mycoremediation fungus, Dentipellis sp. KUC8613Park, HongjaeMin, ByoungnamJang, YeongseonKim, JungyeonLipzen, AnnaSharma, AditiAndreopoulos, BillJohnson, JeniferRiley, RobertSpatafora, Joseph WHenrissat, BernardKim, Kyoung HeonGrigoriev, Igor VKim, Jae-JinChoi, In-Geol2019-10-01The environmental accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is of great concern due to potential carcinogenic and mutagenic risks, as well as their resistance to remediation. While many fungi have been reported to break down PAHs in environments, the details of gene-based metabolic pathways are not yet comprehensively understood. Specifically, the genome-scale transcriptional responses of fungal PAH degradation have rarely been reported. In this study, we report the genomic and transcriptomic basis of PAH bioremediation by a potent fungal degrader, Dentipellis sp. KUC8613. The genome size of this fungus was 36.71 Mbp long encoding 14,320 putative protein-coding genes. The strain efficiently removed more than 90% of 100 mg/l concentration of PAHs within 10 days. The genomic and transcriptomic analysis of this white rot fungus highlights that the strain primarily utilized non-ligninolytic enzymes to remove various PAHs, rather than typical ligninolytic enzymes known for playing important roles in PAH degradation. PAH removal by non-ligninolytic enzymes was initiated by both different PAH-specific and common upregulation of P450s, followed by downstream PAH-transforming enzymes such as epoxide hydrolases, dehydrogenases, FAD-dependent monooxygenases, dioxygenases, and glycosyl- or glutathione transferases. Among the various PAHs, phenanthrene induced a more dynamic transcriptomic response possibly due to its greater cytotoxicity, leading to highly upregulated genes involved in the translocation of PAHs, a defense system against reactive oxygen species, and ATP synthesis. Our genomic and transcriptomic data provide a foundation of understanding regarding the mycoremediation of PAHs and the application of this strain for polluted environments.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)4105 Pollution and Contamination (for-2020)Endocrine Disruptors (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Lung (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Basidiomycota (mesh)Biotransformation (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (mesh)PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)MycoremediationDentipellis spKUC8613White rot fungusGenomicsTranscriptomicsBasidiomycota (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Biotransformation (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (mesh)Dentipellis sp. KUC8613GenomicsMycoremediationPAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)TranscriptomicsWhite rot fungusBasidiomycota (mesh)Biotransformation (mesh)Gene Expression Profiling (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Metabolic Networks and Pathways (mesh)Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (mesh)Biotechnology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k89v3s1https://escholarship.org/content/qt3k89v3s1/qt3k89v3s1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s00253-019-10089-6articleApplied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol 103, iss 198145 - 8155oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7j02j3p32026-04-30T20:53:49Zqt7j02j3p3Planck 2018 resultsAghanim, NAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JCasaponsa, BChallinor, AChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XDusini, SEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGiraud-Héraud, YGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHamann, JHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLewis, ALiguori, MLilje, PBLilley, MLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, G2020-09-01We describe the legacy Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) likelihoods derived from the 2018 data release. The overall approach is similar in spirit to the one retained for the 2013 and 2015 data release, with a hybrid method using different approximations at low ( ℓ < 30) and high ( ℓ ≥ 30) multipoles, implementing several methodological and data-analysis refinements compared to previous releases. With more realistic simulations, and better correction and modelling of systematic effects, we can now make full use of the CMB polarization observed in the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) channels. The low-multipole EE cross-spectra from the 100 GHz and 143 GHz data give a constraint on the ΛCDM reionization optical-depth parameter τ to better than 15% (in combination with the TT low- ℓ data and the high- ℓ temperature and polarization data), tightening constraints on all parameters with posterior distributions correlated with τ . We also update the weaker constraint on τ from the joint TEB likelihood using the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) channels, which was used in 2015 as part of our baseline analysis. At higher multipoles, the CMB temperature spectrum and likelihood are very similar to previous releases. A better model of the temperature-to-polarization leakage and corrections for the effective calibrations of the polarization channels (i.e., the polarization efficiencies) allow us to make full use of polarization spectra, improving the ΛCDM constraints on the parameters θ MC , ω c , ω b , and H 0 by more than 30%, and n s by more than 20% compared to TT-only constraints. Extensive tests on the robustness of the modelling of the polarization data demonstrate good consistency, with some residual modelling uncertainties. At high multipoles, we are now limited mainly by the accuracy of the polarization efficiency modelling. Using our various tests, simulations, and comparison between different high-multipole likelihood implementations, we estimate the consistency of the results to be better than the 0.5 σ level on the ΛCDM parameters, as well as classical single-parameter extensions for the joint likelihood (to be compared to the 0.3 σ levels we achieved in 2015 for the temperature data alone on ΛCDM only). Minor curiosities already present in the previous releases remain, such as the differences between the best-fit ΛCDM parameters for the ℓ < 800 and ℓ > 800 ranges of the power spectrum, or the preference for more smoothing of the power-spectrum peaks than predicted in ΛCDM fits. These are shown to be driven by the temperature power spectrum and are not significantly modified by the inclusion of the polarization data. Overall, the legacy Planck CMB likelihoods provide a robust tool for constraining the cosmological model and represent a reference for future CMB observations.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)cosmic background radiationcosmology: observationscosmological parametersmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j02j3p3https://escholarship.org/content/qt7j02j3p3/qt7j02j3p3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201936386articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt14s3c0s72026-04-30T20:53:39Zqt14s3c0s7Planck 2018 resultsAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCasaponsa, BChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CContreras, DCrill, BPde Bernardis, Pde Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHamann, JHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMarcos-Caballero, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, NMcEwen, JDMeinhold, PRMennella, A2020-09-01Analysis of the
Planck
2018 data set indicates that the statistical properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies are in excellent agreement with previous studies using the 2013 and 2015 data releases. In particular, they are consistent with the Gaussian predictions of the ΛCDM cosmological model, yet also confirm the presence of several so-called “anomalies” on large angular scales. The novelty of the current study, however, lies in being a first attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the statistics of the polarization signal over all angular scales, using either maps of the Stokes parameters,
Q
and
U
, or the
E
-mode signal derived from these using a new methodology (which we describe in an appendix). Although remarkable progress has been made in reducing the systematic effects that contaminated the 2015 polarization maps on large angular scales, it is still the case that residual systematics (and our ability to simulate them) can limit some tests of non-Gaussianity and isotropy. However, a detailed set of null tests applied to the maps indicates that these issues do not dominate the analysis on intermediate and large angular scales (i.e.,
ℓ
≲ 400). In this regime, no unambiguous detections of cosmological non-Gaussianity, or of anomalies corresponding to those seen in temperature, are claimed. Notably, the stacking of CMB polarization signals centred on the positions of temperature hot and cold spots exhibits excellent agreement with the ΛCDM cosmological model, and also gives a clear indication of how
Planck
provides state-of-the-art measurements of CMB temperature and polarization on degree scales.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationscosmic background radiationpolarizationmethods: data analysismethods: statisticalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/14s3c0s7https://escholarship.org/content/qt14s3c0s7/qt14s3c0s7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201935201articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a7oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt86p5f48q2026-04-30T20:53:34Zqt86p5f48qMeasurement of 139La(p,x) cross sections from 35–60 MeV by stacked-target activationMorrell, Jonathan TVoyles, Andrew SBasunia, MSBatchelder, Jon CMatthews, Eric FBernstein, Lee A2020-01-01A stacked-target of natural lanthanum foils (99.9119% 139La) was irradiated using a 60 MeV proton beam at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron. 139La(p,x) cross sections are reported between 35–60 MeV for nine product radionuclides. The primary motivation for this measurement was the need to quantify the production of 134Ce. As a positron-emitting analogue of the promising medical radionuclide 225Ac, 134Ce is desirable for in vivo applications of bio-distribution assays for this emerging radio-pharmaceutical. The results of this measurement were compared to the nuclear model codes TALYS, EMPIRE and ALICE (using default parameters), which showed significant deviation from the measured values.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)nucl-exnucl-exphysics.med-phNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and accelerators (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/86p5f48qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt86p5f48q/qt86p5f48q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epja/s10050-019-00010-0articleThe European Physical Journal A, vol 56, iss 113oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0b57w4th2026-04-30T20:53:30Zqt0b57w4thProviding reliable and financially sustainable electricity access in India using super-efficient appliancesPhadke, AmolPark, Won YoungAbhyankar, Nikit2019-09-01In India, 46 million, mostly rural, households lack access to electricity – over 50% of those are in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. While India has set an aggressive goal of extending the grid to all households by 2019, grid extension does not necessarily imply reliable electricity access. Indian utilities face a financial disincentive to supplying reliable electricity in rural areas because of subsidized tariffs and low consumer willingness-to-pay. Tariff subsidies for full household electrification in these states would be about Rs 15,000 Cr per year, which is two-times the existing subsidies and equivalent to 20–30% of their annual utility revenues. We find that super-efficient lamps, TVs, and fans can reduce the energy consumption of a rural household by over 70% cost-effectively, resulting in a net reduction in the total subsidy burden. Reduced consumption offers an opportunity to raise consumer tariffs while ensuring consumers’ monthly electricity bills reduced. We also argue that super-efficient appliances make consumer-side storage cost-effective, leading to greater consumer willingness-to-pay. We recommend adoption of super-efficient appliances as part of the electricity access initiative in India, and electricity service based tariff setting as the next policy steps towards providing a reliable and sustainable electricity access.4404 Development Studies (for-2020)44 Human Society (for-2020)12 Responsible Consumption and Production (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Electricity accessElectricity serviceEnergy efficiencyStorageProcurementIndiaEnergy (science-metrix)3304 Urban and regional planning (for-2020)4407 Policy and administration (for-2020)4802 Environmental and resources law (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b57w4thhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0b57w4th/qt0b57w4th.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.015articleEnergy Policy, vol 1321163 - 1175oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3507z1nw2026-04-30T20:53:26Zqt3507z1nwThe Influence of Contrasting Microbial Lifestyles on the Pre-symbiotic Metabolite Responses of Eucalyptus grandis RootsWong, Johanna WHLutz, AdrianNatera, SiriaWang, MeiNg, VivianGrigoriev, IgorMartin, FrancisRoessner, UteAnderson, Ian CPlett, Jonathan M2019-01-01Plant roots co-inhabit the soil with a diverse consortium of microbes of which a number attempt to enter symbiosis with the plant. These microbes may be pathogenic, mutualistic, or commensal. Hence, the health and survival of plants is heavily reliant on their ability to perceive different microbial lifestyles and respond appropriately. Emerging research suggests that there is a pivotal role for plant root secondary metabolites in responding to microbial colonization. However, it is largely unknown if plants are able to differentiate between microbes of different lifestyles and respond differently during the earliest stages of pre-symbiosis (i.e., prior to physical contact). In studying plant responses to a range of microbial isolates, we questioned: (1) if individual microbes of different lifestyles and species caused alterations to the plant root metabolome during pre-symbiosis, and (2) if these early metabolite responses correlate with the outcome of the symbiotic interaction in later phases of colonization. We compared the changes of the root tip metabolite profile of the model tree Eucalyptus grandis during pre-symbiosis with two isolates of a pathogenic fungus (Armillaria luteobubalina), one isolate of a pathogenic oomycete (Phytophthora cinnamomi), two isolates of an incompatible mutualistic fungus (Suillus granulatus), and six isolates of a compatible mutualistic fungus (Pisolithus microcarpus). Untargeted metabolite profiling revealed predominantly positive root metabolite responses at the pre-symbiosis stage, prior to any observable phenotypical changes of the root tips. Metabolite responses in the host tissue that were specific to each microbial species were identified. A deeper analysis of the root metabolomic profiles during pre-symbiotic contact with six strains of P. microcarpus showed a connection between these early metabolite responses in the root with later colonization success. Further investigation using isotopic tracing revealed a portion of metabolites found in root tips originated from the fungus. RNA-sequencing also showed that the plant roots undergo complementary transcriptomic reprogramming in response to the fungal stimuli. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the early metabolite responses of plant roots are partially selective toward the lifestyle of the interacting microbe, and that these responses can be crucial in determining the outcome of the interaction.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)0602 Ecology (for)0603 Evolutionary Biology (for)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3104 Evolutionary biology (for-2020)4102 Ecological applications (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3507z1nwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3507z1nw/qt3507z1nw.pdfinfo:doi/10.3389/fevo.2019.00010articleFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution, vol 7, iss FEB10oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4cf0j6502026-04-30T20:53:21Zqt4cf0j650Evolution and comparative genomics of the most common Trichoderma speciesKubicek, Christian PSteindorff, Andrei SChenthamara, KomalManganiello, GelsominaHenrissat, BernardZhang, JianCai, FengKopchinskiy, Alexey GKubicek, Eva MKuo, AlanBaroncelli, RiccardoSarrocco, SabrinaNoronha, Eliane FerreiraVannacci, GiovanniShen, QirongGrigoriev, Igor VDruzhinina, Irina S2019-12-01BackgroundThe growing importance of the ubiquitous fungal genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) requires understanding of its biology and evolution. Many Trichoderma species are used as biofertilizers and biofungicides and T. reesei is the model organism for industrial production of cellulolytic enzymes. In addition, some highly opportunistic species devastate mushroom farms and can become pathogens of humans. A comparative analysis of the first three whole genomes revealed mycoparasitism as the innate feature of Trichoderma. However, the evolution of these traits is not yet understood.ResultsWe selected 12 most commonly occurring Trichoderma species and studied the evolution of their genome sequences. Trichoderma evolved in the time of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction event 66 (±15) mya, but the formation of extant sections (Longibrachiatum, Trichoderma) or clades (Harzianum/Virens) happened in Oligocene. The evolution of the Harzianum clade and section Trichoderma was accompanied by significant gene gain, but the ancestor of section Longibrachiatum experienced rapid gene loss. The highest number of genes gained encoded ankyrins, HET domain proteins and transcription factors. We also identified the Trichoderma core genome, completely curated its annotation, investigated several gene families in detail and compared the results to those of other fungi. Eighty percent of those genes for which a function could be predicted were also found in other fungi, but only 67% of those without a predictable function.ConclusionsOur study presents a time scaled pattern of genome evolution in 12 Trichoderma species from three phylogenetically distant clades/sections and a comprehensive analysis of their genes. The data offer insights in the evolution of a mycoparasite towards a generalist.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biopolymers (mesh)Carbon (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Extracellular Space (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)GenesFungal (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Reproduction (mesh)Trichoderma (mesh)Ankyrin domainsCAZymesCore genomeEnvironmental opportunismGene gainGene lossSSCPsOrphansExtracellular Space (mesh)Trichoderma (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Biopolymers (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Genomics (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Reproduction (mesh)GenesFungal (mesh)Ankyrin domainsCAZymesCore genomeEnvironmental opportunismGene gainGene lossOrphansSSCPsBiopolymers (mesh)Carbon (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Extracellular Space (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)GenesFungal (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Reproduction (mesh)Trichoderma (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)08 Information and Computing Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Bioinformatics (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cf0j650https://escholarship.org/content/qt4cf0j650/qt4cf0j650.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s12864-019-5680-7articleBMC Genomics, vol 20, iss 1485oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7zs2c60m2026-04-30T20:53:17Zqt7zs2c60mVisualization of facet-dependent pseudo-photocatalytic behavior of TiO2 nanorods for water splitting using In situ liquid cell TEMYin, Zu-WeiBetzler, Sophia BSheng, TianZhang, QiuboPeng, XinxingShangguan, JunyiBustillo, Karen CLi, Jun-TaoSun, Shi-GangZheng, Haimei2019-08-01We report an investigation of the pseudo-photocatalytic behavior of rutile TiO2 nanorods for water splitting observed with liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electron beam serves as a “light” source to initiate the catalytic reaction and a “water-in-salt” aqueous solution is employed as the electrolyte. The observation reveals that bubbles are generated preferentially residing near the {110} facet of a rutile TiO2 nanorod under a low electron dose rate (9.3–18.6 e-/Å2·s). These bubbles are ascribed to hydrogen gas generated from the pseudo-photocatalytic water splitting. As the electron beam current density increases to 93 e-/Å2 ·s, bubbles are also found at the {001} and {111} facets as well as in the bulk liquid solution, demonstrating the dominant effects of water electrolysis by electron beam under higher dose rates. The facet-dependent pseudo-photocatalytic behavior of rutile TiO2 nanorods is further validated using density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Our work establishes a facile liquid cell TEM setup for the study of pseudo-photocatalytic water splitting and it may also be applied to investigation of other photo-activated phenomena occurring at the solid-liquid interfaces.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)In situ TEMLiquid cell TEMPhotocatalysisWater splittingFacet-dependent behaviorMSD-General (c-lbnl-label)MSD-In-situ TEM (c-lbnl-label)0303 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)1007 Nanotechnology (for)3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry (for-2020)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)4018 Nanotechnology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zs2c60mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7zs2c60m/qt7zs2c60m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.068articleNano Energy, vol 62507 - 512oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55p5v2d92026-04-30T20:53:12Zqt55p5v2d9Enhanced solar evaporation using a photo-thermal umbrella for wastewater managementMenon, Akanksha KHaechler, IwanKaur, SumanjeetLubner, SeanPrasher, Ravi S2020-02-01Zero-liquid discharge is an emerging wastewater management strategy that maximizes water recovery for reuse and produces a solid waste, thereby lowering the environmental impact of wastewater disposal. Evaporation ponds harvest solar energy as heat for zero-liquid discharge, but require large land areas due to low evaporation rates. Here, we demonstrate a passive and non-contact approach to enhance evaporation by more than 100% using a photo-thermal device that converts sunlight into mid-infrared radiation where water is strongly absorbing. As a result, heat is localized at the water’s surface through radiative coupling, resulting in better utilization of solar energy with a conversion efficiency of 43%. The non-contact nature of the device makes it uniquely suited to treat a wide range of wastewater without contamination, and the use of commercial materials enables a potentially low-cost and highly scalable technology for sustainable wastewater management, with the added benefit of salt recovery.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)4104 Environmental Management (for-2020)physics.app-phphysics.app-ph40 Engineering (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55p5v2d9https://escholarship.org/content/qt55p5v2d9/qt55p5v2d9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41893-019-0445-5articleNature Sustainability, vol 3, iss 2144 - 151oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6tk4x25d2026-04-30T20:53:06Zqt6tk4x25dPlanck 2018 resultsAkrami, YArgüeso, FAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FColombo, LPLCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDonzelli, SDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFinelli, FFrailis, MFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKarakci, AKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeahy, JPLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, NMcEwen, JDMeinhold, PRMelchiorri, AMennella, AMigliaccio, MMolinari, D2020-09-01We present a final description of the data-processing pipeline for the
Planck
Low Frequency Instrument (LFI), implemented for the 2018 data release. Several improvements have been made with respect to the previous release, especially in the calibration process and in the correction of instrumental features such as the effects of nonlinearity in the response of the analogue-to-digital converters. We provide a brief pedagogical introduction to the complete pipeline, as well as a detailed description of the important changes implemented. Self-consistency of the pipeline is demonstrated using dedicated simulations and null tests. We present the final version of the LFI full sky maps at 30, 44, and 70 GHz, both in temperature and polarization, together with a refined estimate of the solar dipole and a final assessment of the main LFI instrumental parameters.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)space vehicles: instrumentsmethods: data analysiscosmic background radiationastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tk4x25dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6tk4x25d/qt6tk4x25d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201833293articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7zz0s2pr2026-04-30T20:53:01Zqt7zz0s2prPlanck 2018 resultsAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JCasaponsa, BChallinor, AColombo, LPLCombet, CCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDonzelli, SDoré, ODucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHandley, WHansen, FKHelou, GHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHuang, ZJaffe, AHKarakci, AKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMarcos-Caballero, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, E2020-09-01We present full-sky maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and polarized synchrotron and thermal dust emission, derived from the third set of
Planck
frequency maps. These products have significantly lower contamination from instrumental systematic effects than previous versions. The methodologies used to derive these maps follow closely those described in earlier papers, adopting four methods (
Commander
,
NILC
,
SEVEM
, and
SMICA
) to extract the CMB component, as well as three methods (
Commander
,
GNILC
, and
SMICA
) to extract astrophysical components. Our revised CMB temperature maps agree with corresponding products in the
Planck
2015 delivery, whereas the polarization maps exhibit significantly lower large-scale power, reflecting the improved data processing described in companion papers; however, the noise properties of the resulting data products are complicated, and the best available end-to-end simulations exhibit relative biases with respect to the data at the few percent level. Using these maps, we are for the first time able to fit the spectral index of thermal dust independently over 3° regions. We derive a conservative estimate of the mean spectral index of polarized thermal dust emission of
β
d
= 1.55 ± 0.05, where the uncertainty marginalizes both over all known systematic uncertainties and different estimation techniques. For polarized synchrotron emission, we find a mean spectral index of
β
s
= −3.1 ± 0.1, consistent with previously reported measurements. We note that the current data processing does not allow for construction of unbiased single-bolometer maps, and this limits our ability to extract CO emission and correlated components. The foreground results for intensity derived in this paper therefore do not supersede corresponding
Planck
2015 products. For polarization the new results supersede the corresponding 2015 products in all respects.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ISM: generalcosmology: observationscosmic background radiationdiffuse radiationGalaxy: generalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zz0s2prhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7zz0s2pr/qt7zz0s2pr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201833881articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0r12t6kz2026-04-30T20:52:55Zqt0r12t6kzPlanck 2018 resultsAkrami, YArroja, FAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCasaponsa, BChallinor, AChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XDusini, SEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFergusson, JFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHamann, JHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCJung, GKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLewis, ALiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMarcos-Caballero, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, S2020-09-01We analyse the
Planck
full-mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and
E
-mode polarization maps to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). We compare estimates obtained from separable template-fitting, binned, and optimal modal bispectrum estimators, finding consistent values for the local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes. Our combined temperature and polarization analysis produces the following final results:
f
NL
local
= −0.9 ± 5.1;
f
NL
equil
= −26 ± 47; and
f
NL
ortho
= −38 ± 24 (68% CL, statistical). These results include low-multipole (4 ≤
ℓ
< 40) polarization data that are not included in our previous analysis. The results also pass an extensive battery of tests (with additional tests regarding foreground residuals compared to 2015), and they are stable with respect to our 2015 measurements (with small fluctuations, at the level of a fraction of a standard deviation, which is consistent with changes in data processing). Polarization-only bispectra display a significant improvement in robustness; they can now be used independently to set primordial NG constraints with a sensitivity comparable to WMAP temperature-based results and they give excellent agreement. In addition to the analysis of the standard local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum shapes, we consider a large number of additional cases, such as scale-dependent feature and resonance bispectra, isocurvature primordial NG, and parity-breaking models, where we also place tight constraints but do not detect any signal. The non-primordial lensing bispectrum is, however, detected with an improved significance compared to 2015, excluding the null hypothesis at 3.5
σ
. Beyond estimates of individual shape amplitudes, we also present model-independent reconstructions and analyses of the
Planck
CMB bispectrum. Our final constraint on the local primordial trispectrum shape is
g
NL
local
= (−5.8 ± 6.5) × 10
4
(68% CL, statistical), while constraints for other trispectrum shapes are also determined. Exploiting the tight limits on various bispectrum and trispectrum shapes, we constrain the parameter space of different early-Universe scenarios that generate primordial NG, including general single-field models of inflation, multi-field models (e.g. curvaton models), models of inflation with axion fields producing parity-violation bispectra in the tensor sector, and inflationary models involving vector-like fields with directionally-dependent bispectra. Our results provide a high-precision test for structure-formation scenarios, showing complete agreement with the basic picture of the ΛCDM cosmology regarding the statistics of the initial conditions, with cosmic structures arising from adiabatic, passive, Gaussian, and primordial seed perturbations.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmology: observationscosmology: theoryearly Universeinflationmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0r12t6kzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0r12t6kz/qt0r12t6kz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201935891articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a9oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt168896cw2026-04-30T20:52:51Zqt168896cwEffects of α-tubulin acetylation on microtubule structure and stabilityEshun-Wilson, LisaZhang, RuiPortran, DidierNachury, Maxence VToso, Daniel BLöhr, ThomasVendruscolo, MicheleBonomi, MassimilianoFraser, James SNogales, Eva2019-05-21Acetylation of K40 in α-tubulin is the sole posttranslational modification to mark the luminal surface of microtubules. It is still controversial whether its relationship with microtubule stabilization is correlative or causative. We have obtained high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions of pure samples of αTAT1-acetylated and SIRT2-deacetylated microtubules to visualize the structural consequences of this modification and reveal its potential for influencing the larger assembly properties of microtubules. We modeled the conformational ensembles of the unmodified and acetylated states by using the experimental cryo-EM density as a structural restraint in molecular dynamics simulations. We found that acetylation alters the conformational landscape of the flexible loop that contains αK40. Modification of αK40 reduces the disorder of the loop and restricts the states that it samples. We propose that the change in conformational sampling that we describe, at a location very close to the lateral contacts site, is likely to affect microtubule stability and function.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Acetylation (mesh)Animals (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Protein ProcessingPost-Translational (mesh)Swine (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)cryo-EMMDtubulin modificationsmicrotubuleacetylationMicrotubules (mesh)Animals (mesh)Swine (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Protein ProcessingPost-Translational (mesh)Acetylation (mesh)MDacetylationcryo-EMmicrotubuletubulin modificationsAcetylation (mesh)Animals (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Protein ProcessingPost-Translational (mesh)Swine (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)MicrotubulesAnimalsSwineTubulinCryoelectron MicroscopyProtein ProcessingPost-TranslationalAcetylationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/168896cwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt168896cw/qt168896cw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.1900441116articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 116, iss 2110366 - 10371oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1fg6r2jp2026-04-30T20:52:41Zqt1fg6r2jpTranscriptomic atlas of mushroom development reveals conserved genes behind complex multicellularity in fungiKrizsán, KrisztinaAlmási, ÉvaMerényi, ZsoltSahu, NehaVirágh, MátéKószó, TamásMondo, StephenKiss, BrigittaBálint, BalázsKües, UrsulaBarry, KerrieCseklye, JuditHegedüs, BotondHenrissat, BernardJohnson, JeniferLipzen, AnnaOhm, Robin ANagy, IstvánPangilinan, JasmynYan, JuyingXiong, YiGrigoriev, Igor VHibbett, David SNagy, László G2019-04-09The evolution of complex multicellularity has been one of the major transitions in the history of life. In contrast to simple multicellular aggregates of cells, it has evolved only in a handful of lineages, including animals, embryophytes, red and brown algae, and fungi. Despite being a key step toward the evolution of complex organisms, the evolutionary origins and the genetic underpinnings of complex multicellularity are incompletely known. The development of fungal fruiting bodies from a hyphal thallus represents a transition from simple to complex multicellularity that is inducible under laboratory conditions. We constructed a reference atlas of mushroom formation based on developmental transcriptome data of six species and comparisons of >200 whole genomes, to elucidate the core genetic program of complex multicellularity and fruiting body development in mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes). Nearly 300 conserved gene families and >70 functional groups contained developmentally regulated genes from five to six species, covering functions related to fungal cell wall remodeling, targeted protein degradation, signal transduction, adhesion, and small secreted proteins (including effector-like orphan genes). Several of these families, including F-box proteins, expansin-like proteins, protein kinases, and transcription factors, showed expansions in Agaricomycetes, many of which convergently expanded in multicellular plants and/or animals too, reflecting convergent solutions to genetic hurdles imposed by complex multicellularity among independently evolved lineages. This study provides an entry point to studying mushroom development and complex multicellularity in one of the largest clades of complex eukaryotic organisms.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Agaricales (mesh)DatabasesNucleic Acid (mesh)Fruiting BodiesFungal (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)GenesFungal (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)complex multicellularityevolutionfungicomparative genomicsfruiting body developmentAgaricales (mesh)Fruiting BodiesFungal (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)GenesFungal (mesh)DatabasesNucleic Acid (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)comparative genomicscomplex multicellularityevolutionfruiting body developmentfungiAgaricales (mesh)DatabasesNucleic Acid (mesh)Fruiting BodiesFungal (mesh)Fungal Proteins (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)GenesFungal (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fg6r2jphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1fg6r2jp/qt1fg6r2jp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.1817822116articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 116, iss 157409 - 7418oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt10p0n1682026-04-30T20:52:37Zqt10p0n168Inflation and Dark Energy from spectroscopy at $z > 2$Ferraro, SimoneWilson, Michael JAbidi, MuntazirAlonso, DavidAnsarinejad, BehzadArmstrong, RobertAsorey, JacoboAvelino, ArturoBaccigalupi, CarloBandura, KevinBattaglia, NicholasBavdhankar, ChetanBernal, José LuisBeutler, FlorianBiagetti, MatteoBlanc, Guillermo ABlazek, JonathanBolton, Adam SBorrill, JulianFrye, BrendaBuckley-Geer, ElizabethBull, PhilipBurgess, CliffByrnes, Christian TCai, ZhengCastander, Francisco JCastorina, EmanueleChang, Tzu-ChingChaves-Montero, JonásChen, Shi-FanChen, XingangBalland, ChristopheYèche, ChristopheCohn, JDCoulton, WilliamCourtois, HeleneCroft, Rupert ACCyr-Racine, Francis-YanD'Amico, GuidoDawson, KyleDelabrouille, JacquesDey, ArjunDoré, OlivierDouglass, Kelly AYutong, DuanDvorkin, CoraEggemeier, AlexanderEisenstein, DanielFan, XiaohuiFerreira, Pedro GFont-Ribera, AndreuForeman, SimonGarcía-Bellido, JuanGerbino, MartinaGluscevic, VeraGontcho, Satya Gontcho AGreen, DanielGuy, JulienHahn, ChangHoonHanany, ShaulHandley, WillHathi, NimishHawken, Adam JHernández-Aguayo, CésarHložek, RenéeHuterer, DraganIshak, MustaphaKamionkowski, MarcKaragiannis, DionysiosKeeley, Ryan EKehoe, RobertKhatri, RishiKim, AlexKneib, Jean-PaulKollmeier, Juna AKovetz, Ely DKrause, ElisabethKrolewski, AlexL'Huillier, BenjaminLandriau, MartinLevi, MichaelLiguori, MicheleLinder, EricLukić, ZarijaMacorra, Axel de laPlazas, Andrés AMarshall, Jennifer LMartini, PaulMasui, KiyoshiMcDonald, PatrickMeerburg, P DanielMeyers, JoelMirbabayi, MehrdadMoustakas, JohnMyers, Adam DPalanque-Delabrouille, NathalieNewburgh, LauraNewman, Jeffrey ANiz, GustavoPadmanabhan, Hamsa2019-03-21The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two
epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more
recently, at $z < 1$, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic
acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent
some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large
cosmological volume at $2 < z < 5$, together with the ability to efficiently
target high-$z$ galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the
study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the
Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our
current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of
$\sigma(f_{NL}^{\rm local})$ of order unity that separates single field and
multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy
at the percent level up to $z = 5$, thus serving as an unprecedented test of
the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space.astro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/10p0n168https://escholarship.org/content/qt10p0n168/qt10p0n168.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1vq8d3rw2026-04-30T20:52:32Zqt1vq8d3rwGut anatomical properties and microbial functional assembly promote lignocellulose deconstruction and colony subsistence of a wood-feeding beetleCeja-Navarro, Javier AKaraoz, UlasBill, MarkusHao, ZhaoWhite, Richard AArellano, AbelardoRamanculova, LeilaFilley, Timothy RBerry, Timothy DConrad, Mark EBlackwell, MeredithNicora, Carrie DKim, Young-MoReardon, Patrick NLipton, Mary SAdkins, Joshua NPett-Ridge, JenniferBrodie, Eoin L2019-05-01Beneficial microbial associations enhance the fitness of most living organisms, and wood-feeding insects offer some of the most striking examples of this. Odontotaenius disjunctus is a wood-feeding beetle that possesses a digestive tract with four main compartments, each of which contains well-differentiated microbial populations, suggesting that anatomical properties and separation of these compartments may enhance energy extraction from woody biomass. Here, using integrated chemical analyses, we demonstrate that lignocellulose deconstruction and fermentation occur sequentially across compartments, and that selection for microbial groups and their metabolic pathways is facilitated by gut anatomical features. Metaproteogenomics showed that higher oxygen concentration in the midgut drives lignocellulose depolymerization, while a thicker gut wall in the anterior hindgut reduces oxygen diffusion and favours hydrogen accumulation, facilitating fermentation, homoacetogenesis and nitrogen fixation. We demonstrate that depolymerization continues in the posterior hindgut, and that the beetle excretes an energy- and nutrient-rich product on which its offspring subsist and develop. Our results show that the establishment of beneficial microbial partners within a host requires both the acquisition of the microorganisms and the formation of specific habitats within the host to promote key microbial metabolic functions. Together, gut anatomical properties and microbial functional assembly enable lignocellulose deconstruction and colony subsistence on an extremely nutrient-poor diet.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)3106 Industrial Biotechnology (for-2020)Nutrition (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Animals (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Coleoptera (mesh)Fermentation (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Gastrointestinal Tract (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Oxygen (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Wood (mesh)Gastrointestinal Tract (mesh)Animals (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Oxygen (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Fermentation (mesh)Wood (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Coleoptera (mesh)Animals (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Coleoptera (mesh)Fermentation (mesh)Gastrointestinal Microbiome (mesh)Gastrointestinal Tract (mesh)Hydrogen (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Oxygen (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Wood (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)1108 Medical Microbiology (for)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vq8d3rwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1vq8d3rw/qt1vq8d3rw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41564-019-0384-yarticleNature Microbiology, vol 4, iss 5864 - 875oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt67m7r7vn2026-04-30T20:52:28Zqt67m7r7vnPetawatt Laser Guiding and Electron Beam Acceleration to 8 GeV in a Laser-Heated Capillary Discharge WaveguideGonsalves, AJNakamura, KDaniels, JBenedetti, CPieronek, Cde Raadt, TCHSteinke, SBin, JHBulanov, SSvan Tilborg, JGeddes, CGRSchroeder, CBTóth, CsEsarey, ESwanson, KFan-Chiang, LBagdasarov, GBobrova, NGasilov, VKorn, GSasorov, PLeemans, WP2019-03-01Guiding of relativistically intense laser pulses with peak power of 0.85 PW over 15 diffraction lengths was demonstrated by increasing the focusing strength of a capillary discharge waveguide using laser inverse bremsstrahlung heating. This allowed for the production of electron beams with quasimonoenergetic peaks up to 7.8 GeV, double the energy that was previously demonstrated. Charge was 5 pC at 7.8 GeV and up to 62 pC in 6 GeV peaks, and typical beam divergence was 0.2 mrad.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/67m7r7vninfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.122.084801articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 122, iss 8084801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0xc9820d2026-04-30T20:52:23Zqt0xc9820dMessengers from the Early Universe: Cosmic Neutrinos and Other Light RelicsGreen, DanielAmin, Mustafa AMeyers, JoelWallisch, BenjaminAbazajian, Kevork NAbidi, MuntazirAdshead, PeterAhmed, ZeeshanAnsarinejad, BehzadArmstrong, RobertBaccigalupi, CarloBandura, KevinBarron, DarcyBattaglia, NicholasBaumann, DanielBechtol, KeithBennett, CharlesBenson, BradfordBeutler, FlorianBischoff, ColinBleem, LindseyBond, J RichardBorrill, JulianBuckley-Geer, ElizabethBurgess, CliffCarlstrom, John ECastorina, EmanueleChallinor, AnthonyChen, XingangCooray, AsanthaCoulton, WilliamCraig, NathanielCrawford, ThomasCyr-Racine, Francis-YanD'Amico, GuidoDemarteau, MarcelDoré, OlivierYutong, DuanDunkley, JoannaDvorkin, CoraEllison, JohnEngelen, Alexander vanEscoffier, StephanieEssinger-Hileman, TomFabbian, GiulioFilippini, JeffreyFlauger, RaphaelForeman, SimonFuller, GeorgeGarcia, Marcos AGGarcía-Bellido, JuanGerbino, MartinaGluscevic, VeraGontcho, Satya Gontcho AGórski, Krzysztof MGrin, DanielGrohs, EvanGudmundsson, Jon EHanany, ShaulHandley, WillHill, J ColinHirata, Christopher MHložek, RenéeHolder, GilbertHoriuchi, ShunsakuHuterer, DraganKadota, KenjiKamionkowski, MarcKeeley, Ryan EKhatri, RishiKisner, TheodoreKneib, Jean-PaulKnox, LloydKoushiappas, Savvas MKovetz, Ely DL'Huillier, BenjaminLahav, OferLattanzi, MassimilianoLee, HaydenLiguori, MicheleLin, TongyanLoverde, MarilenaMadhavacheril, MathewMasui, KiyoshiMcMahon, JeffMcQuinn, MatthewMeerburg, P DanielMirbabayi, MehrdadMotloch, PavelMukherjee, SuvodipMunõz, Julian BNagy, JohannaNewburgh, LauraNiemack, Michael DNomerotski, AndreiPage, LymanPiacentni, FrancescoPierpaoli, ElenaPogosian, LevonPryke, Clement2019-03-12The hot dense environment of the early universe is known to have produced
large numbers of baryons, photons, and neutrinos. These extreme conditions may
have also produced other long-lived species, including new light particles
(such as axions or sterile neutrinos) or gravitational waves. The gravitational
effects of any such light relics can be observed through their unique imprint
in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the large-scale structure, and the
primordial light element abundances, and are important in determining the
initial conditions of the universe. We argue that future cosmological
observations, in particular improved maps of the CMB on small angular scales,
can be orders of magnitude more sensitive for probing the thermal history of
the early universe than current experiments. These observations offer a unique
and broad discovery space for new physics in the dark sector and beyond, even
when its effects would not be visible in terrestrial experiments or in
astrophysical environments. A detection of an excess light relic abundance
would be a clear indication of new physics and would provide the first direct
information about the universe between the times of reheating and neutrino
decoupling one second later.astro-ph.COastro-ph.COhep-phapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xc9820dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0xc9820d/qt0xc9820d.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt25r9g7s22026-04-30T20:52:18Zqt25r9g7s2Dark Matter Science in the Era of LSSTBechtol, KeithDrlica-Wagner, AlexAbazajian, Kevork NAbidi, MuntazirAdhikari, SusmitaAli-Haïmoud, YacineAnnis, JamesAnsarinejad, BehzadArmstrong, RobertAsorey, JacoboBaccigalupi, CarloBanerjee, ArkaBanik, NilanjanBennett, CharlesBeutler, FlorianBird, SimeonBirrer, SimonBiswas, RahulBiviano, AndreaBlazek, JonathanBoddy, Kimberly KBonaca, AnaBorrill, JulianBose, SownakBovy, JoFrye, BrendaBrooks, Alyson MBuckley, Matthew RBuckley-Geer, ElizabethBulbul, EsraBurchat, Patricia RBurgess, CliffCalore, FrancescaCaputo, ReginaCastorina, EmanueleChang, ChihwayChapline, GeorgeCharles, EricChen, XingangClowe, DouglasCohen-Tanugi, JohannComparat, JohanCroft, Rupert ACCuoco, AlessandroCyr-Racine, Francis-YanD'Amico, GuidoDavis, Tamara MDawson, William AMacorra, Axel de laValentino, Eleonora DiRivero, Ana DíazDigel, SethDodelson, ScottDoré, OlivierDvorkin, CoraEckner, ChristopherEllison, JohnErkal, DenisFarahi, AryaFassnacht, Christopher DFerreira, Pedro GFlaugher, BrennaForeman, SimonFriedrich, OliverFrieman, JoshuaGarcía-Bellido, JuanGawiser, EricGerbino, MartinaGiannotti, MaurizioGill, Mandeep SSGluscevic, VeraGolovich, NathanGontcho, Satya Gontcho AGonzález-Morales, Alma XGrin, DanielGruen, DanielHearin, Andrew PHendel, DavidHezaveh, Yashar DHirata, Christopher MHložek, ReneeHoriuchi, ShunsakuJain, BhuvneshJee, M JamesJeltema, Tesla EKamionkowski, MarcKaplinghat, ManojKeeley, Ryan EKeeton, Charles RKhatri, RishiKoposov, Sergey EKoushiappas, Savvas MKovetz, Ely DLahav, OferLam, CaseyLee, Chien-HsiuLi, Ting SLiguori, MicheleLin, TongyanLisanti, Mariangela2019-03-11Astrophysical observations currently provide the only robust, empirical
measurements of dark matter. In the coming decade, astrophysical observations
will guide other experimental efforts, while simultaneously probing unique
regions of dark matter parameter space. This white paper summarizes
astrophysical observations that can constrain the fundamental physics of dark
matter in the era of LSST. We describe how astrophysical observations will
inform our understanding of the fundamental properties of dark matter, such as
particle mass, self-interaction strength, non-gravitational interactions with
the Standard Model, and compact object abundances. Additionally, we highlight
theoretical work and experimental/observational facilities that will complement
LSST to strengthen our understanding of the fundamental characteristics of dark
matter.astro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/25r9g7s2https://escholarship.org/content/qt25r9g7s2/qt25r9g7s2.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8kd8j8q92026-04-30T20:52:12Zqt8kd8j8q9Modeling India’s energy future using a bottom-up approachdu Can, Stephane de la RueKhandekar, AdityaAbhyankar, NikitPhadke, AmolKhanna, Nina ZhengFridley, DavidZhou, Nan2019-03-01India and China are the world’s most populous nations, but they have experienced a very different pattern of economic development. As a result, India currently contributes less than one-quarter of the amount of China’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, India’s forecasted economic growth suggests that those emissions will almost quadruple, with much of this rise coming from the industry sector. Whole-economy scenarios for limiting global warming suggest that direct CO2 emissions should decrease significantly, but leave unanswered the question of how this can be achieved by real-world policies. This study describes a bottom-up model that can be used to assess the impacts of emissions mitigation policies and the linkages between the physical drivers and energy growth of India’s key industries. It focuses on capturing the main physical drivers of this growth, to identify and prioritize the subsectors to address and develop sustainable, low carbon pathways to support economic growth. This analysis shows that India can achieve its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) while achieving substantial economic growth using its currently planned policies. The study describes in detail the methodology and underlying assumptions that are needed by policy makers to inform targeted policy interventions and provide a baseline scenario in the case of no major new technology breakthroughs and no new adopted policies.38 Economics (for-2020)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)13 Climate Action (sdg)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Bottom-up energy modelingLow carbon pathwaysNational policiesEmission mitigationScenario modelingIndia09 Engineering (for)14 Economics (for)Energy (science-metrix)33 Built environment and design (for-2020)38 Economics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kd8j8q9https://escholarship.org/content/qt8kd8j8q9/qt8kd8j8q9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.065articleApplied Energy, vol 2381108 - 1125oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8c10d2b12026-04-30T20:52:05Zqt8c10d2b1Neutrinos below 100 TeV from the southern sky employing refined veto techniques to IceCube dataAartsen, MGAckermann, MAdams, JAguilar, JAAhlers, MAhrens, MAlispach, CAltmann, DAndeen, KAnderson, TAnsseau, IAnton, GArgüelles, CAuffenberg, JAxani, SBackes, PBagherpour, HBai, XBarbano, ABarwick, SWBaum, VBay, RBeatty, JJBecker, K-HTjus, J BeckerBenZvi, SBerley, DBernardini, EBesson, DZBinder, GBindig, DBlaufuss, EBlot, SBohm, CBörner, MBöser, SBotner, OBourbeau, EBourbeau, JBradascio, FBraun, JBretz, H-PBron, SBrostean-Kaiser, JBurgman, ABusse, RSCarver, TChen, CCheung, EChirkin, DClark, KClassen, LCollin, GHConrad, JMCoppin, PCorrea, PCowen, DFCross, RDave, Pde André, JPAMDe Clercq, CDeLaunay, JJDembinski, HDeoskar, KDe Ridder, SDesiati, Pde Vries, KDde Wasseige, Gde With, MDeYoung, TDíaz-Vélez, JCDujmovic, HDunkman, MDvorak, EEberhardt, BEhrhardt, TEller, PEvenson, PAFahey, SFazely, ARFelde, JFilimonov, KFinley, CFranckowiak, AFriedman, EFritz, AGaisser, TKGallagher, JGanster, EGarrappa, SGerhardt, LGhorbani, KGlauch, TGlüsenkamp, TGoldschmidt, AGonzalez, JGGrant, DGriffith, ZGünder, MGündüz, M2020-03-01Many Galactic sources of gamma rays, such as supernova remnants, are expected to produce neutrinos with a typical energy cutoff well below 100 TeV. For the IceCube Neutrino Observatory located at the South Pole, the southern sky, containing the inner part of the Galactic plane and the Galactic Center, is a particularly challenging region at these energies, because of the large background of atmospheric muons. In this paper, we present recent advancements in data selection strategies for track-like muon neutrino events with energies below 100 TeV from the southern sky. The strategies utilize the outer detector regions as veto and features of the signal pattern to reduce the background of atmospheric muons to a level which, for the first time, allows IceCube searching for point-like sources of neutrinos in the southern sky at energies between 100 GeV and several TeV in the muon neutrino charged current channel. No significant clustering of neutrinos above background expectation was observed in four years of data recorded with the completed IceCube detector. Upper limits on the neutrino flux for a number of spectral hypotheses are reported for a list of astrophysical objects in the southern hemisphere.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NeutrinosPoint sourcesVeto techniquesastro-ph.HEastro-ph.HEhep-ex0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c10d2b1https://escholarship.org/content/qt8c10d2b1/qt8c10d2b1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.102392articleAstroparticle Physics, vol 116102392oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3gs7s64g2026-04-30T20:51:57Zqt3gs7s64gFirst Direct Measurements of Superheavy-Element Mass NumbersGates, JMPang, GKPore, JLGregorich, KEKwarsick, JTSavard, GEsker, NECovo, M KireeffMogannam, MJBatchelder, JCBleuel, DLClark, RMCrawford, HLFallon, PHubbard, KKHurst, AMKolaja, ITMacchiavelli, AOMorse, COrford, RPhair, LStoyer, MA2018-11-30An experiment was performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-in. Cyclotron to determine the mass number of a superheavy element. The measurement resulted in the observation of two α-decay chains, produced via the ^{243}Am(^{48}Ca,xn)^{291-x}Mc reaction, that were separated by mass-to-charge ratio (A/q) and identified by the combined BGS+FIONA apparatus. One event occurred at A/q=284 and was assigned to ^{284}Nh (Z=113), the α-decay daughter of ^{288}Mc (Z=115), while the second occurred at A/q=288 and was assigned to ^{288}Mc. This experiment represents the first direct measurements of the mass numbers of superheavy elements, confirming previous (indirect) mass-number assignments.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gs7s64ginfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.121.222501articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 121, iss 22222501oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3tx6k6mg2026-04-30T20:51:52Zqt3tx6k6mgPileup Mitigation with Machine Learning (PUMML)Komiske, Patrick TMetodiev, Eric MNachman, BenjaminSchwartz, Matthew D2017-12-01Pileup involves the contamination of the energy distribution arising from the primary collision of interest (leading vertex) by radiation from soft collisions (pileup). We develop a new technique for removing this contamination using machine learning and convolutional neural networks. The network takes as input the energy distribution of charged leading vertex particles, charged pileup particles, and all neutral particles and outputs the energy distribution of particles coming from leading vertex alone. The PUMML algorithm performs remarkably well at eliminating pileup distortion on a wide range of simple and complex jet observables. We test the robustness of the algorithm in a number of ways and discuss how the network can be trained directly on data.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tx6k6mghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3tx6k6mg/qt3tx6k6mg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep12(2017)051articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2017, iss 1251oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6n41k4ss2026-04-30T20:51:44Zqt6n41k4ssStructure of human TFIID and mechanism of TBP loading onto promoter DNAPatel, Avinash BLouder, Robert KGreber, Basil JGrünberg, SebastianLuo, JieFang, JieLiu, YutongRanish, JeffHahn, SteveNogales, Eva2018-12-21The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) is a critical component of the eukaryotic transcription preinitiation complex (PIC) and is responsible for recognizing the core promoter DNA and initiating PIC assembly. We used cryo-electron microscopy, chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry, and biochemical reconstitution to determine the complete molecular architecture of TFIID and define the conformational landscape of TFIID in the process of TATA box-binding protein (TBP) loading onto promoter DNA. Our structural analysis revealed five structural states of TFIID in the presence of TFIIA and promoter DNA, showing that the initial binding of TFIID to the downstream promoter positions the upstream DNA and facilitates scanning of TBP for a TATA box and the subsequent engagement of the promoter. Our findings provide a mechanistic model for the specific loading of TBP by TFIID onto the promoter.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Cross-Linking Reagents (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)DNA (mesh)Humans (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Domains (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Protein Stability (mesh)TATA-Box Binding Protein (mesh)Transcription Factor TFIID (mesh)Transcription InitiationGenetic (mesh)Humans (mesh)TATA-Box Binding Protein (mesh)Transcription Factor TFIID (mesh)DNA (mesh)Cross-Linking Reagents (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Protein Stability (mesh)Transcription InitiationGenetic (mesh)Protein Domains (mesh)Cross-Linking Reagents (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)DNA (mesh)Humans (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Domains (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Protein Stability (mesh)TATA-Box Binding Protein (mesh)Transcription Factor TFIID (mesh)Transcription InitiationGenetic (mesh)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n41k4sshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6n41k4ss/qt6n41k4ss.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/science.aau8872articleScience, vol 362, iss 64211376 - +oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4dg391gb2026-04-30T20:51:33Zqt4dg391gbProton light yield in organic scintillators using a double time-of-flight techniqueBrown, JAGoldblum, BLLaplace, TAHarrig, KPBernstein, LABleuel, DLYounes, WReyna, DBrubaker, EMarleau, P2018-07-28Recent progress in the development of novel organic scintillators necessitates modern characterization capabilities. As the primary means of energy deposition by neutrons in these materials is n-p elastic scattering, knowledge of the proton light yield is paramount. This work establishes a new model-independent method to continuously measure the proton light yield in organic scintillators over a broad energy range. Using a deuteron breakup neutron source at the 88-in. Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and an array of organic scintillators, the proton light yield of EJ-301 and EJ-309, commercially available organic liquid scintillators from Eljen Technology, was measured via a double time-of-flight technique. The light yield was determined using a kinematically over-constrained system in the proton energy range of 1–20 MeV. The effect of the pulse integration length on the magnitude and shape of the proton light yield relation was also explored. This work enables accurate simulation of the performance of advanced neutron detectors and supports the development of next-generation neutron imaging systems.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-detNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Applied Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dg391gbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4dg391gb/qt4dg391gb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/1.5039632articleJournal of Applied Physics, vol 124, iss 4045101oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt05x037d42026-04-30T20:51:28Zqt05x037d4Optical design of PICO: a concept for a space mission to probe inflation and cosmic originsYoung, KarlAlvarez, MarceloBattaglia, NicholasBock, JamieBorrill, JullianChuss, DavidCrill, BrendanDelabrouille, JacquesDevlin, MarkFissel, LauraFlauger, RaphaelGreen, DanielGorski, KrisHanany, ShaulHills, RichardHubmayr, JohannesJohnson, BradleyJones, WilliamKnox, LloydKogut, AlanLawrence, CharlesMatsumura, TomotakeMcGuire, JamesMcMahon, JeffO'Brient, RogerPryke, ClementSutin, Brian MTan, Xin ZhiTrangsrud, AmyWen, QiDe Zotti, GianfrancoMacEwen, Howard ALystrup, MakenzieFazio, Giovanni GBatalha, NatalieTong, Edward CSiegler, Nicholas2018-08-02The Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO) is a probe-class mission concept currently under study by NASA. PICO will probe the physics of the Big Bang and the energy scale of inflation, constrain the sum of neutrino masses, measure the growth of structures in the universe, and constrain its reionization history by making full sky maps of the cosmic microwave background with sensitivity 80 times higher than the Planck space mission. With bands at 21-799 GHz and arcmin resolution at the highest frequencies, PICO will make polarization maps of Galactic synchrotron and dust emission to observe the role of magnetic fields in Milky Way's evolution and star formation. We discuss PICO's optical system, focal plane, and give current best case noise estimates. The optical design is a two-reflector optimized open-Dragone design with a cold aperture stop. It gives a diffraction limited field of view (DLFOV) with throughput of 910 cm2sr at 21 GHz. The large 82 square degree DLFOV hosts 12,996 transition edge sensor bolometers distributed in 21 frequency bands and maintained at 0.1 K. We use focal plane technologies that are currently implemented on operating CMB instruments including three-color multi-chroic pixels and multiplexed readouts. To our knowledge, this is the first use of an open-Dragone design for mm-wave astrophysical observations, and the only monolithic CMB instrument to have such a broad frequency coverage. With current best case estimate polarization depth of 0.65 µKCMB-arcmin over the entire sky, PICO is the most sensitive CMB instrument designed to date.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Cosmic microwave backgroundcosmologymm-wave opticspolarimetryinstrument designsatellitemission conceptastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IM4006 Communications engineering (for-2020)4009 Electronicssensors and digital hardware (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/05x037d4https://escholarship.org/content/qt05x037d4/qt05x037d4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1117/12.2309421articleSPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2018: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE, vol 106981069846oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt97q1r2xf2026-04-30T20:51:24Zqt97q1r2xfPICO - the probe of inflation and cosmic originsSutin, Brian MAlvarez, MarceloBattaglia, NicholasBock, JamieBonato, MatteoBorrill, JullianChuss, David TCooperrider, JoelleCrill, BrendanDelabrouille, JacquesDevlin, MarkEssinger-Hileman, ThomasFissel, LauraFlauger, RaphaelGorski, KrzysztofGreen, DanielHanany, ShaulHubmayr, JohannesJohnson, BradleyJones, William CKnox, LloydKogut, AlanLawrence, CharlesMcMahon, JeffMatsumura, TomotakeNegrello, MattiaO'Brient, RogerPaine, ChristopherPryke, ClementShirron, PeterTrangsrud, AmyWen, QiYoung, Karlde Zotti, GianfrancoMacEwen, Howard ALystrup, MakenzieFazio, Giovanni GBatalha, NatalieTong, Edward CSiegler, Nicholas2018-07-06The Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO) is a NASA-funded study of a Probe-class mission concept. The toplevel science objectives are to probe the physics of the Big Bang by measuring or constraining the energy scale of inflation, probe fundamental physics by measuring the number of light particles in the Universe and the sum of neutrino masses, to measure the reionization history of the Universe, and to understand the mechanisms driving the cosmic star formation history, and the physics of the galactic magnetic field. PICO would have multiple frequency bands between 21 and 799 GHz, and would survey the entire sky, producing maps of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation, of galactic dust, of synchrotron radiation, and of various populations of point sources. Several instrument configurations, optical systems, cooling architectures, and detector and readout technologies have been and continue to be considered in the development of the mission concept. We will present a snapshot of the baseline mission concept currently under development.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic microwave backgroundpolarizationspace missionbolometerscryocoolingB-modesprobe-classastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMastro-ph.CO4006 Communications engineering (for-2020)4009 Electronicssensors and digital hardware (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/97q1r2xfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt97q1r2xf/qt97q1r2xf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1117/12.2311326articleSPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2018: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE, vol 10698106984foai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1mj6w9ns2026-04-30T20:51:17Zqt1mj6w9nsPlanck 2018 resultsAghanim, NAkrami, YAlves, MIRAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBracco, ABucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChary, R-RChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFernandez-Cobos, RFerrière, KFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGreen, GGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEGuillet, VHandley, WHansen, FKHelou, GHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, G2020-09-01Observations of the submillimetre emission from Galactic dust, in both total intensity
I
and polarization, have received tremendous interest thanks to the
Planck
full-sky maps. In this paper we make use of such full-sky maps of dust polarized emission produced from the third public release of
Planck
data. As the basis for expanding on astrophysical studies of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust, we present full-sky maps of the dust polarization fraction
p
, polarization angle
ψ
, and dispersion function of polarization angles ?. The joint distribution (one-point statistics) of
p
and
N
H
confirms that the mean and maximum polarization fractions decrease with increasing
N
H
. The uncertainty on the maximum observed polarization fraction,
p
max
= 22.0
−1.4
+3.5
% at 353 GHz and 80′ resolution, is dominated by the uncertainty on the Galactic emission zero level in total intensity, in particular towards diffuse lines of sight at high Galactic latitudes. Furthermore, the inverse behaviour between
p
and ? found earlier is seen to be present at high latitudes. This follows the ? ∝
p
−1
relationship expected from models of the polarized sky (including numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamical turbulence) that include effects from only the topology of the turbulent magnetic field, but otherwise have uniform alignment and dust properties. Thus, the statistical properties of
p
,
ψ
, and ? for the most part reflect the structure of the Galactic magnetic field. Nevertheless, we search for potential signatures of varying grain alignment and dust properties. First, we analyse the product map ? ×
p
, looking for residual trends. While the polarization fraction
p
decreases by a factor of 3−4 between
N
H
= 10
20
cm
−2
and
N
H
= 2 × 10
22
cm
−2
, out of the Galactic plane, this product ? ×
p
only decreases by about 25%. Because ? is independent of the grain alignment efficiency, this demonstrates that the systematic decrease in
p
with
N
H
is determined mostly by the magnetic-field structure and not by a drop in grain alignment. This systematic trend is observed both in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and in molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. Second, we look for a dependence of polarization properties on the dust temperature, as we would expect from the radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory. We find no systematic trend of ? ×
p
with the dust temperature
T
d
, whether in the diffuse ISM or in the molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. In the diffuse ISM, lines of sight with high polarization fraction
p
and low polarization angle dispersion ? tend, on the contrary, to have colder dust than lines of sight with low
p
and high ?. We also compare the
Planck
thermal dust polarization with starlight polarization data in the visible at high Galactic latitudes. The agreement in polarization angles is remarkable, and is consistent with what we expect from the noise and the observed dispersion of polarization angles in the visible on the scale of the
Planck
beam. The two polarization emission-to-extinction ratios,
R
P
/
p
and
R
S/V
, which primarily characterize dust optical properties, have only a weak dependence on the column density, and converge towards the values previously determined for translucent lines of sight. We also determine an upper limit for the polarization fraction in extinction,
p
V
/
E
(
B
−
V
), of 13% at high Galactic latitude, compatible with the polarization fraction
p
≈ 20% observed at 353 GHz. Taken together, these results provide strong constraints for models of Galactic dust in diffuse gas.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)polarizationmagnetic fieldsturbulencedustextinctionlocal insterstellar mattersubmillimeter: ISMastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mj6w9nshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1mj6w9ns/qt1mj6w9ns.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201833885articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8tv594cm2026-04-30T20:51:12Zqt8tv594cmPlanck 2018 resultsAkrami, YArroja, FAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChallinor, AChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CContreras, DCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDiego, JMDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XDusini, SEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFergusson, JFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGauthier, CGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHamann, JHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHivon, EHooper, DCHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLesgourgues, JLevrier, FLewis, ALiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMa, Y-Z2020-09-01We report on the implications for cosmic inflation of the 2018 release of the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements. The results are fully consistent with those reported using the data from the two previous Planck cosmological releases, but have smaller uncertainties thanks to improvements in the characterization of polarization at low and high multipoles. Planck temperature, polarization, and lensing data determine the spectral index of scalar perturbations to be n s = 0.9649 ± 0.0042 at 68% CL. We find no evidence for a scale dependence of n s , either as a running or as a running of the running. The Universe is found to be consistent with spatial flatness with a precision of 0.4% at 95% CL by combining Planck with a compilation of baryon acoustic oscillation data. The Planck 95% CL upper limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r 0.002 < 0.10, is further tightened by combining with the BICEP2/Keck Array BK15 data to obtain r 0.002 < 0.056. In the framework of standard single-field inflationary models with Einstein gravity, these results imply that: (a) the predictions of slow-roll models with a concave potential, V ″( ϕ ) < 0, are increasingly favoured by the data; and (b) based on two different methods for reconstructing the inflaton potential, we find no evidence for dynamics beyond slow roll. Three different methods for the non-parametric reconstruction of the primordial power spectrum consistently confirm a pure power law in the range of comoving scales 0.005 Mpc −1 ≲ k ≲ 0.2 Mpc −1 . A complementary analysis also finds no evidence for theoretically motivated parameterized features in the Planck power spectra. For the case of oscillatory features that are logarithmic or linear in k , this result is further strengthened by a new combined analysis including the Planck bispectrum data. The new Planck polarization data provide a stringent test of the adiabaticity of the initial conditions for the cosmological fluctuations. In correlated, mixed adiabatic and isocurvature models, the non-adiabatic contribution to the observed CMB temperature variance is constrained to 1.3%, 1.7%, and 1.7% at 95% CL for cold dark matter, neutrino density, and neutrino velocity, respectively. Planck power spectra plus lensing set constraints on the amplitude of compensated cold dark matter-baryon isocurvature perturbations that are consistent with current complementary measurements. The polarization data also provide improved constraints on inflationary models that predict a small statistically anisotropic quadupolar modulation of the primordial fluctuations. However, the polarization data do not support physical models for a scale-dependent dipolar modulation. All these findings support the key predictions of the standard single-field inflationary models, which will be further tested by future cosmological observations.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)inflationcosmic background radiationastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tv594cmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8tv594cm/qt8tv594cm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201833887articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a10oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6tk3d2n72026-04-30T20:51:07Zqt6tk3d2n7Planck 2018 resultsAghanim, NAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChallinor, AChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHandley, WHansen, FKHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKarakci, AKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, N2020-09-01This paper presents the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) data processing procedures for the
Planck
2018 release. Major improvements in mapmaking have been achieved since the previous
Planck
2015 release, many of which were used and described already in an intermediate paper dedicated to the
Planck
polarized data at low multipoles. These improvements enabled the first significant measurement of the reionization optical depth parameter using
Planck
-HFI data. This paper presents an extensive analysis of systematic effects, including the use of end-to-end simulations to facilitate their removal and characterize the residuals. The polarized data, which presented a number of known problems in the 2015
Planck
release, are very significantly improved, especially the leakage from intensity to polarization. Calibration, based on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole, is now extremely accurate and in the frequency range 100–353 GHz reduces intensity-to-polarization leakage caused by calibration mismatch. The Solar dipole direction has been determined in the three lowest HFI frequency channels to within one arc minute, and its amplitude has an absolute uncertainty smaller than 0.35
μ
K, an accuracy of order 10
−4
. This is a major legacy from the
Planck
HFI for future CMB experiments. The removal of bandpass leakage has been improved for the main high-frequency foregrounds by extracting the bandpass-mismatch coefficients for each detector as part of the mapmaking process; these values in turn improve the intensity maps. This is a major change in the philosophy of “frequency maps”, which are now computed from single detector data, all adjusted to the same average bandpass response for the main foregrounds. End-to-end simulations have been shown to reproduce very well the relative gain calibration of detectors, as well as drifts within a frequency induced by the residuals of the main systematic effect (analogue-to-digital convertor non-linearity residuals). Using these simulations, we have been able to measure and correct the small frequency calibration bias induced by this systematic effect at the 10
−4
level. There is no detectable sign of a residual calibration bias between the first and second acoustic peaks in the CMB channels, at the 10
−3
level.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationscosmic background radiationsurveysmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tk3d2n7https://escholarship.org/content/qt6tk3d2n7/qt6tk3d2n7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201832909articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt57c946jm2026-04-30T20:51:02Zqt57c946jmThe 88-Inch Cyclotron: A one-stop facility for electronics radiation and detector testingCovo, M KireeffAlbright, RANinemire, BFJohnson, MBHodgkinson, ALoew, TBenitez, JYTodd, DSXie, DZPerry, TPhair, LBernstein, LABevins, JBrown, JAGoldblum, BLHarasty, MHarrig, KPLaplace, TAMatthews, EFBushmaker, AWalker, DOklejas, VHopkins, ARBleuel, DLChen, JCronin, SB2018-10-01In outer space down to the altitudes routinely flown by larger aircrafts, radiation can pose serious issues for microelectronics circuits. The 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is a sector-focused cyclotron and home of the Berkeley Accelerator Space Effects Facility, where the effects of energetic particles on sensitive microelectronics are studied with the goal of designing electronic systems for the space community. This paper describes the flexibility of the facility and its capabilities for testing the bombardment of electronics by heavy ions, light ions, and neutrons. Experimental capabilities for the generation of neutron beams from deuteron breakups and radiation testing of carbon nanotube field effect transistor will be discussed.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)Radiation hardeningSingle event effectsIon beamNeutron beamCyclotronECRNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0102 Applied Mathematics (for)0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing (for)0913 Mechanical Engineering (for)Electrical & Electronic Engineering (science-metrix)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/57c946jmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt57c946jm/qt57c946jm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.10.018articleMeasurement, vol 127580 - 587oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9557k85w2026-04-30T20:50:56Zqt9557k85wTalaromyces borbonicus, sp. nov., a novel fungus from biodegraded Arundo donax with potential abilities in lignocellulose conversionVarriale, SimonaHoubraken, JosGranchi, ZoraidePepe, OlimpiaCerullo, GabriellaVentorino, ValeriaChin-A-Woeng, ThomasMeijer, MartinRiley, RobertGrigoriev, Igor VHenrissat, Bernardde Vries, Ronald PFaraco, Vincenza2018-03-04A novel fungal species able to synthesize enzymes with potential synergistic actions in lignocellulose conversion was isolated from the biomass of Arundo donax during biodegradation under natural conditions in the Gussone Park of the Royal Palace of Portici (Naples, Italy). In this work, this species was subjected to morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Sequencing of its genome was performed, resulting in 28 scaffolds that were assembled into 27.05 Mb containing 9744 predicted genes, among which 396 belong to carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-encoding genes. Here we describe and illustrate this previously unknown species, which was named Talaromyces borbonicus, by a polyphasic approach combining phenotypic, physiological, and sequence data.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Biotransformation (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Enzymes (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Italy (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Poaceae (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Talaromyces (mesh)Fungigenome sequenceTalaromycestaxonomy1 new taxonTalaromyces (mesh)Poaceae (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Enzymes (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Biotransformation (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Italy (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)1 new taxonFungiTalaromycesgenome sequencetaxonomyBiotransformation (mesh)Carbohydrate Metabolism (mesh)Enzymes (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Italy (mesh)Lignin (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Poaceae (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Talaromyces (mesh)0603 Evolutionary Biology (for)0605 Microbiology (for)0607 Plant Biology (for)Mycology & Parasitology (science-metrix)3104 Evolutionary biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant biology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9557k85whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9557k85w/qt9557k85w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1080/00275514.2018.1456835articleMycologia, vol 110, iss 2316 - 324oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8mm255dc2026-04-30T20:50:52Zqt8mm255dcExcitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90 MeVVoyles, Andrew SBernstein, Lee ABirnbaum, Eva REngle, Jonathan WGraves, Stephen AKawano, ToshihikoLewis, Amanda MNortier, Francois M2018-08-01A stack of thin Nb foils was irradiated with the 100 MeV proton beam at Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Isotope Production Facility, to investigate the 93Nb(p,4n)90Mo nuclear reaction as a monitor for intermediate energy proton experiments and to benchmark state-of-the-art reaction model codes. A set of 38 measured cross sections for natNb(p,x) and natCu(p,x) reactions between 40–90 MeV, as well as 5 independent measurements of isomer branching ratios, are reported. These are useful in medical and basic science radionuclide productions at intermediate energies. The natCu(p,x)56Co, natCu(p,x)62Zn, and natCu(p,x)65Zn reactions were used to determine proton fluence, and all activities were quantified using HPGe spectrometry. Variance minimization techniques were employed to reduce systematic uncertainties in proton energy and fluence, improving the reliability of these measurements. The measured cross sections are shown to be in excellent agreement with literature values, and have been measured with improved precision compared with previous measurements. This work also reports the first measurement of the natNb(p,x)82mRb reaction, and of the independent cross sections for natCu(p,x)52gMn and natNb(p,x)85gY in the 40–90 MeV region. The effects of natSi(p,x)22,24Na contamination, arising from silicone adhesive in the Kapton tape used to encapsulate the aluminum monitor foils, is also discussed as a cautionary note to future stacked-target cross section measurements. A priori predictions of the reaction modeling codes CoH, EMPIRE, and TALYS are compared with experimentally measured values and used to explore the differences between codes for the natNb(p,x) and natCu(p,x) reactions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)Nb plus pCu plus pNiobiumMo-90Nuclear cross sectionsStacked target activationMonitor reactionsMedical isotope productionIsomer branching ratiosMCNPLANLnucl-exnucl-exNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0402 Geochemistry (for)0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering (for)Applied Physics (science-metrix)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mm255dchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8mm255dc/qt8mm255dc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nimb.2018.05.028articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol 42953 - 74oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt16x9z6s82026-04-30T20:48:01Zqt16x9z6s8Near-term trends in China's coal consumptionLin, JFridley, DLu, HPrice, LZhou, N2018-04-09Coal combustion to power China’s factories, generate electricity, and heat buildings has increased continually since energy use statistics were first published in 1981. From 2013 until 2015, however, this trend reversed and coal use continued to decline from 2,810 million metric tons of coal equivalent (Mtce) to 2,752 Mtce, leading to a levelling off of China’s overall CO2 emissions. Some analysts have declared that China’s coal consumption may have peaked, but preliminary data indicate that coal consumption increased in 2017. This recent growth, combined with our analysis of projected increases in electricity demand that cannot be met by other fossil-fuel or non-fossil-fuel electricity sources, along with projected increases in coal use in light manufacturing, other non-industrial sectors, as well as in coal use for transformation, indicates potential future growth of China’s coal use to levels of 2,908 Mtce to 3,060 Mtce in 2020, with associated increases in energy-related CO2 emissions.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/16x9z6s8https://escholarship.org/content/qt16x9z6s8/qt16x9z6s8.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0wh0m50r2026-04-30T20:47:57Zqt0wh0m50rLarge Blooms of Bacillales (Firmicutes) Underlie the Response to Wetting of Cyanobacterial Biocrusts at Various Stages of MaturityKaraoz, UlasCouradeau, Estelleda Rocha, Ulisses NunesLim, Hsiao-ChienNorthen, TrentGarcia-Pichel, FerranBrodie, Eoin LBailey, Mark J2018-05-02Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) account for a substantial portion of primary production in dryland ecosystems. They successionally mature to deliver a suite of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, water retention and nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. Biocrust assemblages are extremely well adapted to survive desiccation and to rapidly take advantage of the periodic precipitation events typical of arid ecosystems. Here we focus on the wetting response of incipient cyanobacterial crusts as they mature from "light" to "dark." We sampled a cyanobacterial biocrust chronosequence before (dry) and temporally following a controlled wetting event and used high-throughput 16S rRNA and rRNA gene sequencing to monitor the dynamics of microbial response. Overall, shorter-term changes in phylogenetic beta diversity attributable to periodic wetting were as large as those attributable to biocrust successional stage. Notably, more mature crusts showed significantly higher resistance to precipitation disturbance. A large bloom of a few taxa within the Firmicutes, primarily in the order Bacillales, emerged 18 h after wetting, while filamentous crust-forming cyanobacteria showed variable responses to wet-up across the successional gradient, with populations collapsing in less-developed light crusts but increasing in later-successional-stage dark crusts. Overall, the consistent Bacillales bloom accompanied by the variable collapse of pioneer cyanobacteria of the Oscillatoriales order across the successional gradient suggests that the strong response of few organisms to a hydration pulse with the mortality of the autotroph might have important implications for carbon (C) balance in semiarid ecosystems.IMPORTANCE Desert biological soil crusts are terrestrial topsoil microbial communities common to arid regions that comprise 40% of Earth's terrestrial surface. They successionally develop over years to decades to deliver a suite of ecosystem services of local and global significance. Ecosystem succession toward maturity has been associated with both resistance and resilience to disturbance. Recent work has shown that the impacts of both climate change and physical disturbance on biocrusts increase the potential for successional resetting. A larger proportion of biocrusts are expected to be at an early developmental stage, hence increasing susceptibility to changes in precipitation frequencies. Therefore, it is essential to characterize how biocrusts respond to wetting across early developmental stages. In this study, we document the wetting response of microbial communities from a biocrust chronosequence. Overall, our results suggest that the cumulative effects of altered precipitation frequencies on the stability of biocrusts will depend on biocrust maturity.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)Bacillales (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Firmicutes (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Firmicutesbiological soil crustcarbon lossecological successionecosystem servicespulsed-activity eventresistancestabilityRNARibosomal16S (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Bacillales (mesh)Bacillota (mesh)Firmicutesbiological soil crustcarbon lossecological successionecosystem servicespulsed-activity eventresistancestabilityBacillales (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Bacillota (mesh)RNARibosomal16S (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)0605 Microbiology (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wh0m50rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0wh0m50r/qt0wh0m50r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1128/mbio.01366-16articlemBio, vol 9, iss 210.1128/mbio.01366 - 10.1128/mbio.01316oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7h77j6pv2026-04-30T20:47:52Zqt7h77j6pvPlanck intermediate resultsAkrami, YArgüeso, FAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECarron, JChiang, HCCombet, CCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMcEwen, JDMeinhold, PRMelchiorri, AMennella, AMigliaccio, MMiville-Deschênes, M-AMolinari, DMoneti, A2018-11-01This paper presents the Planck Multi-frequency Catalogue of Non-thermal (i.e. synchrotron-dominated) Sources (PCNT) observed between 30 and 857 GHz by the ESA Planck mission. This catalogue was constructed by selecting objects detected in the full mission all-sky temperature maps at 30 and 143 GHz, with a signal-to-noise ratio ( S / N )> 3 in at least one of the two channels after filtering with a particular Mexican hat wavelet. As a result, 29 400 source candidates were selected. Then, a multi-frequency analysis was performed using the Matrix Filters methodology at the position of these objects, and flux densities and errors were calculated for all of them in the nine Planck channels. This catalogue was built using a different methodology than the one adopted for the Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources (PCCS) and the Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources (PCCS2), although the initial detection was done with the same pipeline that was used to produce them. The present catalogue is the first unbiased, full-sky catalogue of synchrotron-dominated sources published at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths and constitutes a powerful database for statistical studies of non-thermal extragalactic sources, whose emission is dominated by the central active galactic nucleus. Together with the full multi-frequency catalogue, we also define the Bright Planck Multi-frequency Catalogue of Non-thermal Sources (PCNTb), where only those objects with a S / N > 4 at both 30 and 143 GHz were selected. In this catalogue 1146 compact sources are detected outside the adopted Planck GAL070 mask; thus, these sources constitute a highly reliable sample of extragalactic radio sources. We also flag the high-significance subsample (PCNThs), a subset of 151 sources that are detected with S / N > 4 in all nine Planck channels, 75 of which are found outside the Planck mask adopted here. The remaining 76 sources inside the Galactic mask are very likely Galactic objects.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)astro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7h77j6pvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7h77j6pv/qt7h77j6pv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201832888articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 619a94oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2hh2w4sk2026-04-30T20:47:47Zqt2hh2w4skPlanck 2018 resultsAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBracco, ABucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChiang, HCCombet, CCrill, BPde Bernardis, Pde Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAFalgarone, EFantaye, YFerrière, KFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEGuillet, VHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMcEwen, JDMeinhold, PRMelchiorri, AMigliaccio, MMiville-Deschênes, M-AMolinari, DMoneti, AMontier, LMorgante, GNatoli, PPagano, LPaoletti, D2020-09-01The study of polarized dust emission has become entwined with the analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization in the quest for the curl-like
B
-mode polarization from primordial gravitational waves and the low-multipole
E
-mode polarization associated with the reionization of the Universe. We used the new
Planck
PR3 maps to characterize Galactic dust emission at high latitudes as a foreground to the CMB polarization and use end-to-end simulations to compute uncertainties and assess the statistical significance of our measurements. We present
Planck
EE
,
BB
, and
TE
power spectra of dust polarization at 353 GHz for a set of six nested high-Galactic-latitude sky regions covering from 24 to 71% of the sky. We present power-law fits to the angular power spectra, yielding evidence for statistically significant variations of the exponents over sky regions and a difference between the values for the
EE
and
BB
spectra, which for the largest sky region are
α
E
E
= −2.42 ± 0.02 and
α
B
B
= −2.54 ± 0.02, respectively. The spectra show that the
TE
correlation and
E/B
power asymmetry discovered by
Planck
extend to low multipoles that were not included in earlier
Planck
polarization papers due to residual data systematics. We also report evidence for a positive
TB
dust signal. Combining data from
Planck
and WMAP, we have determined the amplitudes and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of polarized foregrounds, including the correlation between dust and synchrotron polarized emission, for the six sky regions as a function of multipole. This quantifies the challenge of the component-separation procedure that is required for measuring the low-
ℓ
reionization CMB
E
-mode signal and detecting the reionization and recombination peaks of primordial CMB
B
modes. The SED of polarized dust emission is fit well by a single-temperature modified black-body emission law from 353 GHz to below 70 GHz. For a dust temperature of 19.6 K, the mean dust spectral index for dust polarization is
β
d
P
= 1.53±0.02. The difference between indices for polarization and total intensity is
β
d
P
−
β
d
I
= 0.05±0.03. By fitting multi-frequency cross-spectra between
Planck
data at 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, we examine the correlation of the dust polarization maps across frequency. We find no evidence for a loss of correlation and provide lower limits to the correlation ratio that are tighter than values we derive from the correlation of the 217- and 353 GHz maps alone. If the
Planck
limit on decorrelation for the largest sky region applies to the smaller sky regions observed by sub-orbital experiments, then frequency decorrelation of dust polarization might not be a problem for CMB experiments aiming at a primordial
B
-mode detection limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio
r
≃ 0.01 at the recombination peak. However, the
Planck
sensitivity precludes identifying how difficult the component-separation problem will be for more ambitious experiments targeting lower limits on
r
.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)dustextinctionISM: magnetic fieldsISM: structurecosmic background radiationpolarizationsubmillimeter: diffuse backgroundastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GAastro-ph.COastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hh2w4skhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2hh2w4sk/qt2hh2w4sk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201832618articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a11oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3k66n8jb2026-04-30T20:47:42Zqt3k66n8jbThe fungus that came in from the cold: dry rot’s pre-adapted ability to invade buildingsBalasundaram, SVHess, JDurling, MBMoody, SCThorbek, LProgida, CLaButti, KAerts, ABarry, KGrigoriev, IVBoddy, LHögberg, NKauserud, HEastwood, DCSkrede, I2018-03-01Many organisms benefit from being pre-adapted to niches shaped by human activity, and have successfully invaded man-made habitats. One such species is the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans, which has a wide distribution in buildings in temperate and boreal regions, where it decomposes coniferous construction wood. Comparative genomic analyses and growth experiments using this species and its wild relatives revealed that S. lacrymans evolved a very effective brown rot decay compared to its wild relatives, enabling an extremely rapid decay in buildings under suitable conditions. Adaptations in intracellular transport machineries promoting hyphal growth, and nutrient and water transport may explain why it is has become a successful invader of timber in houses. Further, we demonstrate that S. lacrymans has poor combative ability in our experimental setup, compared to other brown rot fungi. In sheltered indoor conditions, the dry rot fungus may have limited encounters with other wood decay fungi compared to its wild relatives. Overall, our analyses indicate that the dry rot fungus is an ecological specialist with poor combative ability against other fungi.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)3108 Plant Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)AdaptationBiological (mesh)Basidiomycota (mesh)Construction Materials (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Humans (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Wood (mesh)Humans (mesh)Basidiomycota (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)AdaptationBiological (mesh)Construction Materials (mesh)Wood (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)AdaptationBiological (mesh)Basidiomycota (mesh)Construction Materials (mesh)Ecosystem (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Humans (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Wood (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k66n8jbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3k66n8jb/qt3k66n8jb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41396-017-0006-8articleThe ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, vol 12, iss 3791 - 801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8mb8h8nv2026-04-30T20:47:38Zqt8mb8h8nvHow Cryo-EM Became so HotCheng, YifanGlaeser, Robert MNogales, Eva2017-11-01The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize for Chemistry to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson for "developing cryoelectron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Achieving this goal, which required innovation, persistence, and uncommon physical insight, has broadened horizons for structural studies in molecular and cell biology.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Chemistry (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)History20th Century (mesh)History21st Century (mesh)Nobel Prize (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Chemistry (mesh)Nobel Prize (mesh)History20th Century (mesh)History21st Century (mesh)Chemistry (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)History20th Century (mesh)History21st Century (mesh)Nobel Prize (mesh)Proteins (mesh)ProteinsCryoelectron MicroscopyChemistryNobel PrizeHistory20th CenturyHistory21st Century06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mb8h8nvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8mb8h8nv/qt8mb8h8nv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.016non_textualCell, vol 171, iss 61229 - 1231oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8zr7m2wz2026-04-30T20:47:34Zqt8zr7m2wzNeutron Spectroscopy for pulsed beams with frame overlap using a double time-of-flight techniqueHarrig, KPGoldblum, BLBrown, JABleuel, DLBernstein, LABevins, JHarasty, MLaplace, TAMatthews, EF2018-01-01A new double time-of-flight (dTOF) neutron spectroscopy technique has been developed for pulsed broad spectrum sources with a duty cycle that results in frame overlap, where fast neutrons from a given pulse overtake slower neutrons from previous pulses. Using a tunable beam at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, neutrons were produced via thick-target breakup of 16 MeV deuterons on a beryllium target in the cyclotron vault. The breakup spectral shape was deduced from a dTOF measurement using an array of EJ-309 organic liquid scintillators. Simulation of the neutron detection efficiency of the scintillator array was performed using both GEANT4 and MCNP6. The efficiency-corrected spectral shape was normalized using a foil activation technique to obtain the energy-dependent flux of the neutron beam at zero degrees with respect to the incoming deuteron beam. The dTOF neutron spectrum was compared to spectra obtained using HEPROW and GRAVEL pulse height spectrum unfolding techniques. While the unfolding and dTOF results exhibit some discrepancies in shape, the integrated flux values agree within two standard deviations. This method obviates neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy challenges posed by pulsed beams with frame overlap and opens new opportunities for pulsed white neutron source facilities.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Neutron spectroscopyDeuteron breakupFoil activation analysisTime-of-flightphysics.ins-detphysics.ins-detnucl-exNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0299 Other Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zr7m2wzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8zr7m2wz/qt8zr7m2wz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.051articleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol 877359 - 366oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt537967ff2026-04-30T20:47:29Zqt537967ffElectron Mobility and Trapping in Ferrihydrite NanoparticlesSoltis, Jennifer ASchwartzberg, Adam MZarzycki, PiotrPenn, R LeeRosso, Kevin MGilbert, Benjamin2017-06-15Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the Earth’s crust, and naturally occurring iron oxide minerals play a commanding role in environmental redox reactions. Although iron oxide redox reactions are well-studied, their precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent work has shown that these involve electron transfer pathways within the solid, suggesting that overall reaction rates could be dependent upon electron mobility. Initial ultrafast spectroscopy studies of iron oxide nanoparticles sensitized by fluorescein derivatives supported a model for electron mobility based on polaronic hopping of electron charge carriers between iron sites, but the constitutive relationships between hopping mobilities and interfacial charge transfer processes has remained obscured. We developed a coarse-grained lattice Monte Carlo model to simulate the collective mobilities and lifetimes of these photoinjected electrons with respect to recombination with adsorbed dye molecules for essential nanophase ferrihydrite and tested predictions made by the simulations using pump–probe spectroscopy. We acquired optical transient absorption spectra as a function of the particle size and under a variety of solution conditions and used cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to determine the aggregation state of the nanoparticles. We observed biphasic electron recombination kinetics over time scales that spanned from picoseconds to microseconds, the slower regime of which was fit with a stretched exponential decay function. The recombination rates were weakly affected by the nanoparticle size and aggregation state, suspension pH, and injection of multiple electrons per nanoparticle. We conclude that electron mobility indeed limits the rate of interfacial electron transfer in these systems, with the slowest processes relating to escape from deep traps, the presence of which outweighs the influence of environmental factors, such as pH-dependent surface charge.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)Nanotechnology (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)ironredoxelectron transferferrihydritecharge separation34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/537967ffhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt537967ff/qt537967ff.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00030articleACS Earth and Space Chemistry, vol 1, iss 4216 - 226oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt841948902026-04-30T20:47:25Zqt84194890A spongy nickel-organic CO2 reduction photocatalyst for nearly 100% selective CO productionNiu, KaiyangXu, YouWang, HaichengYe, RongXin, Huolin LLin, FengTian, ChixiaLum, YanweiBustillo, Karen CDoeff, Marca MKoper, Marc TMAger, JoelXu, RongZheng, Haimei2017-07-07Solar-driven photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into fuels has attracted a lot of interest; however, developing active catalysts that can selectively convert CO2 to fuels with desirable reaction products remains a grand challenge. For instance, complete suppression of the competing H2 evolution during photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion has not been achieved before. We design and synthesize a spongy nickel-organic heterogeneous photocatalyst via a photochemical route. The catalyst has a crystalline network architecture with a high concentration of defects. It is highly active in converting CO2 to CO, with a production rate of ~1.6 × 104 μmol hour-1 g-1. No measurable H2 is generated during the reaction, leading to nearly 100% selective CO production over H2 evolution. When the spongy Ni-organic catalyst is enriched with Rh or Ag nanocrystals, the controlled photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions generate formic acid and acetic acid. Achieving such a spongy nickel-organic photocatalyst is a critical step toward practical production of high-value multicarbon fuels using solar energy.4004 Chemical Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84194890https://escholarship.org/content/qt84194890/qt84194890.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.1700921articleScience Advances, vol 3, iss 7e1700921oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt02c556c22026-04-30T20:47:20Zqt02c556c2Control of tunable, monoenergetic laser-plasma-accelerated electron beams using a shock-induced density downramp injectorSwanson, KKTsai, H-EBarber, SKLehe, RMao, H-SSteinke, Svan Tilborg, JNakamura, KGeddes, CGRSchroeder, CBEsarey, ELeemans, WP2017-05-01Control of the properties of laser-plasma-accelerated electron beams that were injected along a shock-induced density downramp through precision tailoring of the density profile was demonstrated using a 1.8 J, 45 fs laser interacting with a mm-scale gas jet. The effects on the beam spatial profile, steering, and absolute energy spread of the density region before the shock and tilt of the shock were investigated experimentally and with particle-in-cell simulations. By adjusting these density parameters, the electron beam quality was controlled and improved while the energy (30–180 MeV) and energy spread (2–11 MeV) were independently tuned. Simple models that are in good agreement with the experimental results are proposed to explain these relationships, advancing the understanding of downramp injection. This technique allows for high-quality electron beams with percent-level energy spread to be tailored based on the application.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)02 Physical Sciences (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/02c556c2info:doi/10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.20.051301articlePhysical Review Accelerators and Beams, vol 20, iss 5051301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4bh318pg2026-04-30T20:47:15Zqt4bh318pgEnergy dependence of the prompt γ-ray emission from the (d,p)-induced fission of U*234 and Pu*240Rose, SJZeiser, FWilson, JNOberstedt, AOberstedt, SSiem, STveten, GMBernstein, LABleuel, DLBrown, JACampo, L CrespoGiacoppo, FGörgen, AGuttormsen, MHadyńska, KHafreager, AHagen, TWKlintefjord, MLaplace, TALarsen, ACRenstrøm, TSahin, ESchmitt, CTornyi, TGWiedeking, M2017-07-01Prompt-fission γ rays are responsible for approximately 5% of the total energy released in fission, and therefore important to understand when modeling nuclear reactors. In this work we present prompt γ-ray emission characteristics in fission as a function of the nuclear excitation energy of the fissioning system. Emitted γ-ray spectra were measured, and γ-ray multiplicities and average and total γ energies per fission were determined for the U(d,pf)233 reaction for excitation energies between 4.8 and 10 MeV, and for the Pu(d,pf)239 reaction between 4.5 and 9 MeV. The spectral characteristics show no significant change as a function of excitation energy above the fission barrier, despite the fact that an extra ∼5 MeV of energy is potentially available in the excited fragments for γ decay. The measured results are compared with model calculations made for prompt γ-ray emission with the fission model code gef. Further comparison with previously obtained results from thermal neutron induced fission is made to characterize possible differences arising from using the surrogate (d,p) reaction.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bh318pghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4bh318pg/qt4bh318pg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.96.014601articlePhysical Review C, vol 96, iss 1014601oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7067721w2026-04-30T20:47:10Zqt7067721wExploring cosmic origins with CORE: Gravitational lensing of the CMBChallinor, AAllison, RCarron, JErrard, JFeeney, SKitching, TLesgourgues, JLewis, AZubeldía, ÍAchucarro, AAde, PAshdown, MBallardini, MBanday, AJBanerji, RBartlett, JBartolo, NBasak, SBaumann, DBersanelli, MBonaldi, ABonato, MBorrill, JBouchet, FBoulanger, FBrinckmann, TBucher, MBurigana, CBuzzelli, ACai, Z-YCalvo, MCarvalho, C-SCastellano, GChluba, JClesse, SColantoni, ICoppolecchia, ACrook, Md'Alessandro, Gde Bernardis, Pde Gasperis, GDe Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDi Valentino, EDiego, J-MFernandez-Cobos, RFerraro, SFinelli, FForastieri, FGalli, SGenova-Santos, RGerbino, MGonzález-Nuevo, JGrandis, SGreenslade, JHagstotz, SHanany, SHandley, WHernandez-Monteagudo, CHervías-Caimapo, CHills, MHivon, EKiiveri, KKisner, TKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamagna, LLasenby, ALattanzi, MLiguori, MLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLuzzi, GMaffei, BMartinez-González, EMartins, CJAPMasi, SMatarrese, SMcCarthy, DMelchiorri, AMelin, J-BMolinari, DMonfardini, ANatoli, PNegrello, MNotari, APaiella, APaoletti, DPatanchon, GPiat, MPisano, GPolastri, LPolenta, GPollo, APoulin, VQuartin, MRemazeilles, MRoman, MRubino-Martin, J-ASalvati, L2018-04-01Lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is now a well-developed probe of the clustering of the large-scale mass distribution over a broad range of redshifts. By exploiting the non-Gaussian imprints of lensing in the polarization of the CMB, the CORE mission will allow production of a clean map of the lensing deflections over nearly the full-sky. The number of high-S/N modes in this map will exceed current CMB lensing maps by a factor of 40, and the measurement will be sample-variance limited on all scales where linear theory is valid. Here, we summarise this mission product and discuss the science that will follow from its power spectrum and the cross-correlation with other clustering data. For example, the summed mass of neutrinos will be determined to an accuracy of 17 meV combining CORE lensing and CMB two-point information with contemporaneous measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillation feature in the clustering of galaxies, three times smaller than the minimum total mass allowed by neutrino oscillation measurements. Lensing has applications across many other science goals of CORE, including the search for B-mode polarization from primordial gravitational waves. Here, lens-induced B-modes will dominate over instrument noise, limiting constraints on the power spectrum amplitude of primordial gravitational waves. With lensing reconstructed by CORE, one can “delens” the observed polarization internally, reducing the lensing B-mode power by 60 %. This can be improved to 70 % by combining lensing and measurements of the cosmic infrared background from CORE, leading to an improvement of a factor of 2.5 in the error on the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves compared to no delensing (in the null hypothesis of no primordial B-modes). Lensing measurements from CORE will allow calibration of the halo masses of the tens of thousands of galaxy clusters that it will find, with constraints dominated by the clean polarization-based estimators. The 19 frequency channels proposed for CORE will allow accurate removal of Galactic emission from CMB maps. We present initial findings that show that residual Galactic foreground contamination will not be a significant source of bias for lensing power spectrum measurements with CORE.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMBR polarisationgravitational lensinginflationneutrino masses from cosmologyastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7067721whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7067721w/qt7067721w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/04/018articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2018, iss 04018 - 018oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6dn847642026-04-30T20:47:06Zqt6dn84764Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: Mitigation of systematic effectsNatoli, PAshdown, MBanerji, RBorrill, JBuzzelli, Ade Gasperis, GDelabrouille, JHivon, EMolinari, DPatanchon, GPolastri, LTomasi, MBouchet, FRHenrot-Versillé, SHoang, DTKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKisner, TLindholm, VMcCarthy, DPiacentini, FPerdereau, OPolenta, GTristram, MAchucarro, AAde, PAllison, RBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBartlett, JBartolo, NBasak, SBaumann, DBersanelli, MBonaldi, ABonato, MBoulanger, FBrinckmann, TBucher, MBurigana, CCai, Z-YCalvo, MCarvalho, C-SCastellano, MGChallinor, AChluba, JClesse, SColantoni, ICoppolecchia, ACrook, MD'Alessandro, Gde Bernardis, PDe Zotti, GDi Valentino, EDiego, J-MErrard, JFeeney, SFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FForastieri, FGalli, SGenova-Santos, RGerbino, MGonzález-Nuevo, JGrandis, SGreenslade, JGruppuso, AHagstotz, SHanany, SHandley, WHernandez-Monteagudo, CHervías-Caimapo, CHills, MKeihänen, EKitching, TKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamagna, LLasenby, ALattanzi, MLesgourgues, JLewis, ALiguori, MLópez-Caniego, MLuzzi, GMaffei, BMandolesi, NMartinez-González, EMartins, CJAPMasi, SMatarrese, SMelchiorri, AMelin, J-BMigliaccio, MMonfardini, ANegrello, MNotari, APagano, LPaiella, A2018-04-01We present an analysis of the main systematic effects that could impact the measurement of CMB polarization with the proposed CORE space mission. We employ timeline-to-map simulations to verify that the CORE instrumental set-up and scanning strategy allow us to measure sky polarization to a level of accuracy adequate to the mission science goals. We also show how the CORE observations can be processed to mitigate the level of contamination by potentially worrying systematics, including intensity-to-polarization leakage due to bandpass mismatch, asymmetric main beams, pointing errors and correlated noise. We use analysis techniques that are well validated on data from current missions such as Planck to demonstrate how the residual contamination of the measurements by these effects can be brought to a level low enough not to hamper the scientific capability of the mission, nor significantly increase the overall error budget. We also present a prototype of the CORE photometric calibration pipeline, based on that used for Planck, and discuss its robustness to systematics, showing how CORE can achieve its calibration requirements. While a fine-grained assessment of the impact of systematics requires a level of knowledge of the system that can only be achieved in a future study phase, the analysis presented here strongly suggests that the main areas of concern for the CORE mission can be addressed using existing knowledge, techniques and algorithms.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Cancer (hrcs-hc)CMBR experimentsCMBR polarisationgravitational waves and CMBR polarizationastro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dn84764https://escholarship.org/content/qt6dn84764/qt6dn84764.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/04/022articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2018, iss 04022 - 022oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3sc9314w2026-04-30T20:47:01Zqt3sc9314wSpatially-explicit water balance implications of carbon capture and sequestrationSathre, RogerBreunig, HannaGreenblatt, JefferyLarsen, PeterMasanet, EricMcKone, ThomasQuinn, NigelScown, Corinne2016-01-01Implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) will increase water demand due to the cooling water requirements of CO2 capture equipment. If the captured CO2 is injected into saline aquifers for sequestration, brine may be extracted to manage the aquifer pressure, and can be desalinated to provide additional freshwater supply. We conduct a geospatial analysis to determine how CCS may affect local water supply and demand across the contiguous United States. We calculate baseline indices for each county in the year 2005, and project future water supply and demand with and without CCS through 2030. We conduct sensitivity analyses to identify the system parameters that most significantly affect water balance. Water supply changes due to inter-annual variability and projected climate change are overwhelmingly the most significant sources of variation. CCS can have strong local effects on water supply and demand, but overall it has a modest effect on water balances.38 Economics (for-2020)3801 Applied Economics (for-2020)15 Life on Land (sdg)6 Clean Water and Sanitation (sdg)Water balanceWater stressCCSClimate change mitigationGISElectricity supplyEnvironmental Engineering (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sc9314whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3sc9314w/qt3sc9314w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.10.011articleEnvironmental Modelling & Software, vol 75153 - 162oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt01b420wv2026-04-30T20:46:54Zqt01b420wvPlanck intermediate resultsAghanim, NAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBattye, RBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CCalabrese, ECarron, JChiang, HCComis, BContreras, DCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODucout, ADupac, XElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGerbino, MGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHandley, WHansen, FKHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, NMcEwen, JDMelchiorri, AMennella, AMigliaccio, MMiville-Deschênes, M-AMolinari, DMoneti, AMontier, LMorgante, GNatoli, P2018-09-01Using the
Planck
full-mission data, we present a detection of the temperature (and therefore velocity) dispersion due to the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (kSZ) effect from clusters of galaxies. To suppress the primary CMB and instrumental noise we derive a matched filter and then convolve it with the
Planck
foreground-cleaned “
2D-ILC
” maps. By using the Meta Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC), we determine the normalized rms dispersion of the temperature fluctuations at the positions of clusters, finding that this shows excess variance compared with the noise expectation. We then build an unbiased statistical estimator of the signal, determining that the normalized mean temperature dispersion of 1526 clusters is 〈(Δ
T
/
T
)
2
〉 = (1.64 ± 0.48) × 10
−11
. However, comparison with analytic calculations and simulations suggest that around 0.7
σ
of this result is due to cluster lensing rather than the kSZ effect. By correcting this, the temperature dispersion is measured to be 〈(Δ
T
/
T
)
2
〉 = (1.35 ± 0.48) × 10
−11
, which gives a detection at the 2.8
σ
level. We further convert uniform-weight temperature dispersion into a measurement of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion, by using estimates of the optical depth of each cluster (which introduces additional uncertainty into the estimate). We find that the velocity dispersion is 〈
υ
2
〉 = (123 000 ± 71 000) (km s
−1
)
2
, which is consistent with findings from other large-scale structure studies, and provides direct evidence of statistical homogeneity on scales of 600
h
−1
Mpc. Our study shows the promise of using cross-correlations of the kSZ effect with large-scale structure in order to constrain the growth of structure.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationlarge-scale structure of Universegalaxies: clusters: generalmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/01b420wvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt01b420wv/qt01b420wv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201731489articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 617a48oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6pf1w5tg2026-04-30T20:46:50Zqt6pf1w5tgTowards a mechanistic understanding of core promoter recognition from cryo-EM studies of human TFIIDNogales, EvaPatel, Avinash BLouder, Robert K2017-12-01TFIID is a critical component of the eukaryotic transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) required for the recruitment of RNA Pol II to the start site of protein-coding genes. Within the PIC, TFIID's role is to recognize and bind core promoter sequences and recruit the rest of the PIC components. Due to its size and its conformational complexity, TFIID poses a serious challenge for structural characterization. The small amounts of purified TFIID that can be obtained by present methods of purification from endogenous sources has limited structural studies to cryo-EM visualization, which requires very small amounts of sample. Previous cryo-EM studies have shed light on how the extreme conformational flexibility of TFIID is involved in core promoter DNA binding. Recent progress in cryo-EM methodology has facilitated a parallel progress in the study of human TFIID, leading to an improvement in resolution and the identification of the structural elements in the complex directly involved in DNA interaction. While many questions remain unanswered, the present structural knowledge of human TFIID suggests a mechanism for the sequential engagement with different core promoter sequences and how it could be influenced by regulatory factors.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Humans (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Molecular Conformation (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Subunits (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)Transcription Factor TFIID (mesh)Humans (mesh)Transcription Factor TFIID (mesh)Protein Subunits (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Molecular Conformation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Humans (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Molecular Conformation (mesh)Promoter RegionsGenetic (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Subunits (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)Transcription Factor TFIID (mesh)0304 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry (for)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)Biophysics (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pf1w5tginfo:doi/10.1016/j.sbi.2017.05.015articleCurrent Opinion in Structural Biology, vol 4760 - 66oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4cq2z3vh2026-04-30T20:46:46Zqt4cq2z3vhStructural differences between yeast and mammalian microtubules revealed by cryo-EMHowes, Stuart CGeyer, Elisabeth ALaFrance, BenjaminZhang, RuiKellogg, Elizabeth HWestermann, StefanRice, Luke MNogales, Eva2017-09-04Microtubules are polymers of αβ-tubulin heterodimers essential for all eukaryotes. Despite sequence conservation, there are significant structural differences between microtubules assembled in vitro from mammalian or budding yeast tubulin. Yeast MTs were not observed to undergo compaction at the interdimer interface as seen for mammalian microtubules upon GTP hydrolysis. Lack of compaction might reflect slower GTP hydrolysis or a different degree of allosteric coupling in the lattice. The microtubule plus end-tracking protein Bim1 binds yeast microtubules both between αβ-tubulin heterodimers, as seen for other organisms, and within tubulin dimers, but binds mammalian tubulin only at interdimer contacts. At the concentrations used in cryo-electron microscopy, Bim1 causes the compaction of yeast microtubules and induces their rapid disassembly. Our studies demonstrate structural differences between yeast and mammalian microtubules that likely underlie their differing polymerization dynamics. These differences may reflect adaptations to the demands of different cell size or range of physiological growth temperatures.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Animals (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Cell Cycle Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Guanosine Triphosphate (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Microtubule Proteins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Molecular Dynamics Simulation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Protein StructureQuaternary (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)Sus scrofa (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Animals (mesh)Sus scrofa (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Microtubule Proteins (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Cell Cycle Proteins (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Guanosine Triphosphate (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Protein StructureQuaternary (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Molecular Dynamics Simulation (mesh)Animals (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Cell Cycle Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Guanosine Triphosphate (mesh)Hydrolysis (mesh)Microtubule Proteins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Molecular Dynamics Simulation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Protein StructureQuaternary (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mesh)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins (mesh)Structure-Activity Relationship (mesh)Sus scrofa (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cq2z3vhinfo:doi/10.1083/jcb.201612195articleJournal of Cell Biology, vol 216, iss 92669 - 2677oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt93x635bz2026-04-30T20:46:39Zqt93x635bzExploring cosmic origins with CORE: Survey requirements and mission designDelabrouille, Jde Bernardis, PBouchet, FRAchúcarro, AAde, PARAllison, RArroja, FArtal, EAshdown, MBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBanerji, RBarbosa, DBartlett, JBartolo, NBasak, SBaselmans, JJABasu, KBattistelli, ESBattye, RBaumann, DBenoít, ABersanelli, MBideaud, ABiesiada, MBilicki, MBonaldi, ABonato, MBorrill, JBoulanger, FBrinckmann, TBrown, MLBucher, MBurigana, CBuzzelli, ACabass, GCai, Z-YCalvo, MCaputo, ACarvalho, C-SCasas, FJCastellano, GCatalano, AChallinor, ACharles, IChluba, JClements, DLClesse, SColafrancesco, SColantoni, IContreras, DCoppolecchia, ACrook, MD'Alessandro, GD'Amico, Gda Silva, Ade Avillez, Mde Gasperis, GDe Petris, Mde Zotti, GDanese, LDésert, F-XDesjacques, VDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoyle, SDurrer, RDvorkin, CEriksen, HKErrard, JFeeney, SFernández-Cobos, RFinelli, FForastieri, FFranceschet, CFuskeland, UGalli, SGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGiusarma, EGomez, AGonzález-Nuevo, JGrandis, SGreenslade, JGoupy, JHagstotz, SHanany, SHandley, WHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHervias-Caimapo, CHills, MHindmarsh, MHivon, EHoang, DTHooper, DCHu, BKeihänen, E2018-04-01Future observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarisation have the potential to answer some of the most fundamental questions of modern physics and cosmology, including: what physical process gave birth to the Universe we see today? What are the dark matter and dark energy that seem to constitute 95% of the energy density of the Universe? Do we need extensions to the standard model of particle physics and fundamental interactions? Is the ΛCDM cosmological scenario correct, or are we missing an essential piece of the puzzle? In this paper, we list the requirements for a future CMB polarisation survey addressing these scientific objectives, and discuss the design drivers of the COREmfive space mission proposed to ESA in answer to the “M5” call for a medium-sized mission. The rationale and options, and the methodologies used to assess the mission's performance, are of interest to other future CMB mission design studies. COREmfive has 19 frequency channels, distributed over a broad frequency range, spanning the 60–600 GHz interval, to control astrophysical foreground emission. The angular resolution ranges from 2′ to 18′, and the aggregate CMB sensitivity is about 2 μK⋅arcmin. The observations are made with a single integrated focal-plane instrument, consisting of an array of 2100 cryogenically-cooled, linearly-polarised detectors at the focus of a 1.2-m aperture cross-Dragone telescope. The mission is designed to minimise all sources of systematic effects, which must be controlled so that no more than 10−4 of the intensity leaks into polarisation maps, and no more than about 1% of E-type polarisation leaks into B-type modes. COREmfive observes the sky from a large Lissajous orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point on an orbit that offers stable observing conditions and avoids contamination from sidelobe pick-up of stray radiation originating from the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The entire sky is observed repeatedly during four years of continuous scanning, with a combination of three rotations of the spacecraft over different timescales. With about 50% of the sky covered every few days, this scan strategy provides the mitigation of systematic effects and the internal redundancy that are needed to convincingly extract the primordial B-mode signal on large angular scales, and check with adequate sensitivity the consistency of the observations in several independent data subsets. COREmfive is designed as a “near-ultimate” CMB polarisation mission which, for optimal complementarity with ground-based observations, will perform the observations that are known to be essential to CMB polarisation science and cannot be obtained by any other means than a dedicated space mission. It will provide well-characterised, highly-redundant multi-frequency observations of polarisation at all the scales where foreground emission and cosmic variance dominate the final uncertainty for obtaining precision CMB science, as well as 2′ angular resolution maps of high-frequency foreground emission in the 300–600 GHz frequency range, essential for complementarity with future ground-based observations with large telescopes that can observe the CMB with the same beamsize.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)CMBR experimentsCMBR polarisationgravitational lensingphysics of the early universeastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/93x635bzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt93x635bz/qt93x635bz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/04/014articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2018, iss 04014 - 014oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2v6646cf2026-04-30T20:46:35Zqt2v6646cfCost-Benefit of Improving the Efficiency of Room Air Conditioners (Inverter and Fixed Speed) in IndiaPhadke, AShah, NAbhyankar, NPark, WDiddi, SAhuja, DMukherjee, PWalia, A2016-06-01Improving efficiency of air conditioners (ACs) typically involves improving the efficiency of various components such as compressors, heat exchangers, expansion valves, refrigerant,and fans. We estimate the incremental cost of improving the efficiency of room ACs based on the cost of improving the efficiency of its key components. Further, we estimate the retail price increase required to cover the cost of efficiency improvement, compare it with electricity bill savings, and calculate the payback period for consumers to recover the additional price of a more efficient AC.
The finding that significant efficiency improvement is cost effective from a consumer perspective is robust over a wide range of assumptions. If we assume a 50% higher incremental price compared to our baseline estimate, the payback period for the efficiency level of 3.5 ISEER is 1.1 years. Given the findings of this study, establishing more stringent minimum efficiency performance criteria (one-star level) should be evaluated rigorously considering significant benefits to consumers, energy security, and environmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v6646cfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2v6646cf/qt2v6646cf.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5ps719v02026-04-30T20:46:30Zqt5ps719v0Widespread adenine N6-methylation of active genes in fungiMondo, Stephen JDannebaum, Richard OKuo, Rita CLouie, Katherine BBewick, Adam JLaButti, KurtHaridas, SajeetKuo, AlanSalamov, AsafAhrendt, Steven RLau, RebeccaBowen, Benjamin PLipzen, AnnaSullivan, WilliamAndreopoulos, Bill BClum, AliciaLindquist, ErikaDaum, ChristopherNorthen, Trent RKunde-Ramamoorthy, GovindarajanSchmitz, Robert JGryganskyi, AndriiCulley, DavidMagnuson, JonJames, Timothy YO'Malley, Michelle AStajich, Jason ESpatafora, Joseph WVisel, AxelGrigoriev, Igor V2017-06-01Igor Grigoriev and colleagues perform single-molecule real-time sequencing on 16 diverse fungal species to evaluate levels of adenine methylation (6mA). They find that almost 3% of all adenines are methylated in early-diverging fungi, and they identify clusters of methylated adenines that are enriched at transcription start sites of active genes.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)5-Methylcytosine (mesh)Adenine (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)EpigenesisGenetic (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Transcription Initiation Site (mesh)Fungi (mesh)5-Methylcytosine (mesh)Adenine (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)EpigenesisGenetic (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Transcription Initiation Site (mesh)5-Methylcytosine (mesh)Adenine (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)EpigenesisGenetic (mesh)Fungi (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationFungal (mesh)GenomeFungal (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Transcription Initiation Site (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)3001 Agricultural biotechnology (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and computational biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ps719v0https://escholarship.org/content/qt5ps719v0/qt5ps719v0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/ng.3859articleNature Genetics, vol 49, iss 6964 - 968oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3fb9h2752026-04-30T20:46:25Zqt3fb9h275La137,138,139(n,γ) cross sections constrained with statistical decay properties of La138,139,140 nucleiKheswa, BVWiedeking, MBrown, JALarsen, ACGoriely, SGuttormsen, MGarrote, FL BelloBernstein, LABleuel, DLEriksen, TKGiacoppo, FGörgen, AGoldblum, BLHagen, TWKoehler, PEKlintefjord, MMalatji, KLMidtbø, JENyhus, HTPapka, PRenstrøm, TRose, SJSahin, ESiem, STornyi, TG2017-04-01The nuclear level densities and γ-ray strength functions of La138,139,140 were measured using the La139(He3,α), La139(He3,He3′), and La139(d,p) reactions. The particle-γ coincidences were recorded with the silicon particle telescope (SiRi) and NaI(Tl) (CACTUS) arrays. In the context of these experimental results, the low-energy enhancement in the A∼140 region is discussed. The La137,138,139(n,γ) cross sections were calculated at s- and p-process temperatures using the experimentally measured nuclear level densities and γ-ray strength functions. Good agreement is found between La139(n,γ) calculated cross sections and previous measurements.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fb9h275https://escholarship.org/content/qt3fb9h275/qt3fb9h275.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.95.045805articlePhysical Review C, vol 95, iss 4045805oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5302c7t32026-04-30T20:46:19Zqt5302c7t3Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: The instrumentde Bernardis, PAde, PARBaselmans, JJABattistelli, ESBenoit, ABersanelli, MBideaud, ACalvo, MCasas, FJCastellano, MGCatalano, ACharles, IColantoni, IColumbro, FCoppolecchia, ACrook, MD'Alessandro, GDe Petris, MDelabrouille, JDoyle, SFranceschet, CGomez, AGoupy, JHanany, SHills, MLamagna, LMacias-Perez, JMaffei, BMartin, SMartinez-Gonzalez, EMasi, SMcCarthy, DMennella, AMonfardini, ANoviello, FPaiella, APiacentini, FPiat, MPisano, GSignorelli, GTan, CYTartari, ATrappe, NTriqueneaux, STucker, CVermeulen, GYoung, KZannoni, MAchúcarro, AAllison, RArtall, EAshdown, MBallardini, MBanday, AJBanerji, RBartlett, JBartolo, NBasak, SBonaldi, ABonato, MBorrill, JBouchet, FBoulanger, FBrinckmann, TBucher, MBurigana, CBuzzelli, ACai, ZYCarvalho, CSChallinor, AChluba, JClesse, SDe Gasperis, GDe Zotti, GDi Valentino, EDiego, JMErrard, JFeeney, SFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FForastieri, FGalli, SGénova-Santos, RGerbino, MGonzález-Nuevo, JHagstotz, SGreenslade, JHandley, WHernández-Monteagudo, CHervias-Caimapo, CHivon, EKiiveri, KKisner, TKitching, TKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLasenby, ALattanzi, MLesgourgues, JLewis, A2018-04-01We describe a space-borne, multi-band, multi-beam polarimeter aiming at a precise and accurate measurement of the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The instrument is optimized to be compatible with the strict budget requirements of a medium-size space mission within the Cosmic Vision Programme of the European Space Agency. The instrument has no moving parts, and uses arrays of diffraction-limited Kinetic Inductance Detectors to cover the frequency range from 60 GHz to 600 GHz in 19 wide bands, in the focal plane of a 1.2 m aperture telescope cooled at 40 K, allowing for an accurate extraction of the CMB signal from polarized foreground emission. The projected CMB polarization survey sensitivity of this instrument, after foregrounds removal, is 1.7 μK⋅arcmin. The design is robust enough to allow, if needed, a downscoped version of the instrument covering the 100 GHz to 600 GHz range with a 0.8 m aperture telescope cooled at 85 K, with a projected CMB polarization survey sensitivity of 3.2 μK⋅arcmin.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMBR detectorsCMBR experimentsCMBR polarisationinflationastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMastro-ph.COphysics.ins-det0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5302c7t3https://escholarship.org/content/qt5302c7t3/qt5302c7t3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/04/015articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2018, iss 04015 - 015oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4p6886mz2026-04-30T20:46:15Zqt4p6886mzRenewable Energy Zones for Balancing Siting Trade-offs in IndiaDeshmukh, RanjitWu, Grace CPhadke, Amol2017-04-01India’s targets of 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, and 40% generation capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030 will require a rapid and dramatic increase in solar and wind capacity deployment and overcoming its associated economic, siting, and power system challenges. The objective of this study was to spatially identify the amount and quality of wind and utility-scale solar resource potential in India, and the possible siting-related constraints and opportunities for development of renewable resources. Using the Multi-criteria Analysis for Planning Renewable Energy (MapRE) methodological framework, we estimated several criteria valuable for the selection of sites for development for each identified potential "zone", such as the levelized cost of electricity, distance to nearest substation, capacity value (or the temporal matching of renewable energy generation to demand), and the type of land cover. We find that high quality resources are spatially heterogeneous across India, with most wind and solar resources concentrated in the southern and western states, and the northern state of Rajasthan. Assuming India’s Central Electricity Regulatory Commission’s norms, we find that the range of levelized costs of generation of wind and solar PV resources overlap, but concentrated solar power (CSP) resources can be approximately twice as expensive. Further, the levelized costs of generation vary much more across wind zones than those across solar zones because of greater heterogeneity in the quality of wind resources compared to that of solar resources. When considering transmission accessibility, we find that about half of all wind zones (47%) and two-thirds of all solar PV zones (66%) are more than 25 km from existing 220 kV and above substations, suggesting potential constraints in access to high voltage transmission infrastructure and opportunities for preemptive transmission planning to scale up RE development. Additionally and importantly, we find that about 84% of all wind zones are on agricultural land, which provide opportunities for multiple-uses of land but may also impose constraints on land availability. We find that only 29% of suitable solar PV sites and 15% of CSP sites are within 10 km of a surface water body suggesting water availability as a significant siting constraint for solar plants. Availability of groundwater resources was not analyzed as part of this study. Lastly, given the possible economic benefits of transmission extensions or upgrades that serve both wind and solar generators, we quantified the co-location opportunities between the two technologies and find that about a quarter (28%) of all solar PV zones overlap with wind zones. Using the planning tools made available as part of this study, these multiple siting constraints and opportunities can be systematically compared and weighted to prioritize development that achieves a particular technology target. Our results are limited by the uncertainties associated with the input datasets, in particular the geospatial wind and solar resource, transmission, and land use land cover datasets. As input datasets get updated and improved, the methodology and tools developed through this study can be easily adapted and applied to these new datasets to improve upon the results presented in this study. India is on a path to significantly decarbonize its electricity grid through wind and solar development. A stakeholder-driven, systematic, and integrated planning approach using data and tools such as those highlighted in this study is essential to not only meet the country’s RE targets, but to meet them in a cost-effective, and socially and environmentally sustainable way.Renewable EnergySolarWindIndiaZonesPotentialapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p6886mzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4p6886mz/qt4p6886mz.pdfinfo:doi/10.2172/1366450articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt99k0x74r2026-04-30T20:46:08Zqt99k0x74rMagnetic moment and lifetime measurements of Coulomb-excited states in Cd106Benczer-Koller, NKumbartzki, GJSpeidel, K-HTorres, DARobinson, SJQSharon, YYAllmond, JMFallon, PAbramovic, IBernstein, LABevins, JECrawford, HLGuevara, ZEHurst, AMKirsch, LLaplace, TALo, AMatthews, EFMayers, IPhair, LWRamirez, FWiens, A2016-09-01Background: The Cd isotopes are well studied, but experimental data for the rare isotopes are sparse. At energies above the Coulomb barrier, higher states become accessible. Purpose: Remeasure and supplement existing lifetimes and magnetic moments of low-lying states in Cd106. Methods: In an inverse kinematics reaction, a Cd106 beam impinging on a C12 target was used to Coulomb excite the projectiles. The high recoil velocities provide a unique opportunity to measure g factors with the transient-field technique and to determine lifetimes from lineshapes by using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method. Large-scale shell-model calculations were carried out for Cd106. Results: The g factors of the 21+ and 41+ states in Cd106 were measured to be g(21+)=+0.398(22) and g(41+)=+0.23(5). A lineshape analysis yielded lifetimes in disagreement with published values. The new results are τ(Cd106;21+)=7.0(3)ps and τ(Cd106;41+)=2.5(2)ps. The mean life τ(Cd106;22+)=0.28(2)ps was determined from the fully-Doppler-shifted γ line. Mean lives of τ(Cd106;43+)=1.1(1)ps and τ(Cd106;31−)=0.16(1)ps were determined for the first time. Conclusions: The newly measured g(41+) of Cd106 is found to be only 59% of the g(21+). This difference cannot be explained by either shell-model or collective-model calculations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/99k0x74rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt99k0x74r/qt99k0x74r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.94.034303articlePhysical Review C, vol 94, iss 3034303oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69t9t58m2026-04-30T20:46:04Zqt69t9t58mThe Active State of Supported Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles during Carbon Dioxide MethanationCarenco, SophieSassoye, CapucineFaustini, MarcoEloy, PierreDebecker, Damien PBluhm, HendrikSalmeron, Miquel2016-07-21Ruthenium catalysts supported on TiO2 have been shown to have competitive activity and selectivity for the methanation of CO2. In particular, a catalyst using preformed RuO2 nanoparticles deposited on a TiO2 support showed competitive performances in a previous study. In this work, ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to determine the chemical state of this catalyst under reaction conditions. The active state of ruthenium was found to be the metallic one. Surface adsorbates were monitored in the steady state, and CH x species were found to be favored over adsorbed carbon monoxide at increasing temperatures.40 Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)03 Chemical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)10 Technology (for)Physical Chemistry (science-metrix)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69t9t58mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt69t9t58m/qt69t9t58m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06313articleThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 120, iss 2815354 - 15361oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt92k254g82026-04-30T20:46:00Zqt92k254g8Triaxiality near the 110Ru ground state from Coulomb excitationDoherty, DTAllmond, JMJanssens, RVFKorten, WZhu, SZielińska, MRadford, DCAyangeakaa, ADBucher, BBatchelder, JCBeausang, CWCampbell, CCarpenter, MPCline, DCrawford, HLDavid, HMDelaroche, JPDickerson, CFallon, PGalindo-Uribarri, AKondev, FGHarker, JLHayes, ABHendricks, MHumby, PGirod, MGross, CJKlintefjord, MKolos, KLane, GJLauritsen, TLibert, JMacchiavelli, AONapiorkowski, PJPadilla-Rodal, EPardo, RCReviol, WSarantites, DGSavard, GSeweryniak, DSrebrny, JVarner, RVondrasek, RWiens, AWilson, EWood, JLWu, CY2017-03-01A multi-step Coulomb excitation measurement with the GRETINA and CHICO2 detector arrays was carried out with a 430-MeV beam of the neutron-rich 110Ru (t1/2=12 s) isotope produced at the CARIBU facility. This represents the first successful measurement following the post-acceleration of an unstable isotope of a refractory element. The reduced transition probabilities obtained for levels near the ground state provide strong evidence for a triaxial shape; a conclusion confirmed by comparisons with the results of beyond-mean-field and triaxial rotor model calculations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/92k254g8https://escholarship.org/content/qt92k254g8/qt92k254g8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.01.031articlePhysics Letters B, vol 766334 - 338oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5qs5p3m62026-04-30T20:45:55Zqt5qs5p3m6Water Table Dynamics and Biogeochemical Cycling in a Shallow, Variably-Saturated FloodplainYabusaki, Steven BWilkins, Michael JFang, YilinWilliams, Kenneth HArora, BhavnaBargar, JohnBeller, Harry RBouskill, Nicholas JBrodie, Eoin LChristensen, John NConrad, Mark EDanczak, Robert EKing, EricSoltanian, Mohamad RSpycher, Nicolas FSteefel, Carl ITokunaga, Tetsu KVersteeg, RoelofWaichler, Scott RWainwright, Haruko M2017-03-21Three-dimensional variably saturated flow and multicomponent biogeochemical reactive transport modeling, based on published and newly generated data, is used to better understand the interplay of hydrology, geochemistry, and biology controlling the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, sulfur, and uranium in a shallow floodplain. In this system, aerobic respiration generally maintains anoxic groundwater below an oxic vadose zone until seasonal snowmelt-driven water table peaking transports dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate from the vadose zone into the alluvial aquifer. The response to this perturbation is localized due to distinct physico-biogeochemical environments and relatively long time scales for transport through the floodplain aquifer and vadose zone. Naturally reduced zones (NRZs) containing sediments higher in organic matter, iron sulfides, and non-crystalline U(IV) rapidly consume DO and nitrate to maintain anoxic conditions, yielding Fe(II) from FeS oxidative dissolution, nitrite from denitrification, and U(VI) from nitrite-promoted U(IV) oxidation. Redox cycling is a key factor for sustaining the observed aquifer behaviors despite continuous oxygen influx and the annual hydrologically induced oxidation event. Depth-dependent activity of fermenters, aerobes, nitrate reducers, sulfate reducers, and chemolithoautotrophs (e.g., oxidizing Fe(II), S compounds, and ammonium) is linked to the presence of DO, which has higher concentrations near the water table.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)4106 Soil Sciences (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)3703 Geochemistry (for-2020)3705 Geology (for-2020)14 Life Below Water (sdg)Geologic Sediments (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Nitrates (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Sulfates (mesh)Uranium (mesh)Water PollutantsChemical (mesh)Water PollutantsRadioactive (mesh)Nitrates (mesh)Sulfates (mesh)Uranium (mesh)Water PollutantsRadioactive (mesh)Water PollutantsChemical (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Geologic Sediments (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Geologic Sediments (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Nitrates (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Sulfates (mesh)Uranium (mesh)Water PollutantsChemical (mesh)Water PollutantsRadioactive (mesh)Environmental Sciences (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qs5p3m6https://escholarship.org/content/qt5qs5p3m6/qt5qs5p3m6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b04873articleEnvironmental Science and Technology, vol 51, iss 63307 - 3317oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1zg7w6tj2026-04-30T20:45:50Zqt1zg7w6tjIn-situ Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy of Mg Electrodeposition at Electrode-Electrolyte InterfacesWu, Yimin AYin, ZuweiFarmand, MaryamYu, Young-SangShapiro, David ALiao, Hong-GangLiang, Wen-IChu, Ying-HaoZheng, Haimei2017-01-01We report the study of Mg cathodic electrochemical deposition on Ti and Au electrode using a multimodal approach by examining the sample area in-situ using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Magnesium Aluminum Chloride Complex was synthesized and utilized as electrolyte, where non-reversible features during in situ charging-discharging cycles were observed. During charging, a uniform Mg film was deposited on the electrode, which is consistent with the intrinsic non-dendritic nature of Mg deposition in Mg ion batteries. The Mg thin film was not dissolvable during the following discharge process. We found that such Mg thin film is hexacoordinated Mg compounds by in-situ STXM and XAS. This study provides insights on the non-reversibility issue and failure mechanism of Mg ion batteries. Also, our method provides a novel generic method to understand the in situ battery chemistry without any further sample processing, which can preserve the original nature of battery materials or electrodeposited materials. This multimodal in situ imaging and spectroscopy provides many opportunities to attack complex problems that span orders of magnitude in length and time scale, which can be applied to a broad range of the energy storage systems.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)MSD-General (c-lbnl-label)MSD-In-situ TEM (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zg7w6tjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1zg7w6tj/qt1zg7w6tj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/srep42527articleScientific Reports, vol 7, iss 142527oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1qk9t49k2026-04-30T20:45:40Zqt1qk9t49kThe Epigenomic Landscape of ProkaryotesBlow, Matthew JClark, Tyson ADaum, Chris GDeutschbauer, Adam MFomenkov, AlexeyFries, RoxanneFroula, JeffKang, Dongwan DMalmstrom, Rex RMorgan, Richard DPosfai, JanosSingh, KanwarVisel, AxelWetmore, KellyZhao, ZhiyingRubin, Edward MKorlach, JonasPennacchio, Len ARoberts, Richard JFang, Gang2016-01-01DNA methylation acts in concert with restriction enzymes to protect the integrity of prokaryotic genomes. Studies in a limited number of organisms suggest that methylation also contributes to prokaryotic genome regulation, but the prevalence and properties of such non-restriction-associated methylation systems remain poorly understood. Here, we used single molecule, real-time sequencing to map DNA modifications including m6A, m4C, and m5C across the genomes of 230 diverse bacterial and archaeal species. We observed DNA methylation in nearly all (93%) organisms examined, and identified a total of 834 distinct reproducibly methylated motifs. This data enabled annotation of the DNA binding specificities of 620 DNA Methyltransferases (MTases), doubling known specificities for previously hard to study Type I, IIG and III MTases, and revealing their extraordinary diversity. Strikingly, 48% of organisms harbor active Type II MTases with no apparent cognate restriction enzyme. These active 'orphan' MTases are present in diverse bacterial and archaeal phyla and show motif specificities and methylation patterns consistent with functions in gene regulation and DNA replication. Our results reveal the pervasive presence of DNA methylation throughout the prokaryotic kingdoms, as well as the diversity of sequence specificities and potential functions of DNA methylation systems.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Biotechnology (rcdc)Conserved Sequence (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)DNA Replication (mesh)DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes (mesh)Epigenomics (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Genome (mesh)Methyltransferases (mesh)Molecular Sequence Annotation (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Nucleotide Motifs (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Prokaryotic Cells (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)Prokaryotic Cells (mesh)DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes (mesh)Methyltransferases (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)DNA Replication (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Conserved Sequence (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Genome (mesh)Epigenomics (mesh)Molecular Sequence Annotation (mesh)Nucleotide Motifs (mesh)Conserved Sequence (mesh)DNA Methylation (mesh)DNA Replication (mesh)DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes (mesh)Epigenomics (mesh)EvolutionMolecular (mesh)Gene Expression Regulation (mesh)Genome (mesh)Methyltransferases (mesh)Molecular Sequence Annotation (mesh)Multigene Family (mesh)Nucleotide Motifs (mesh)Phylogeny (mesh)Prokaryotic Cells (mesh)Substrate Specificity (mesh)0604 Genetics (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)3105 Genetics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qk9t49kinfo:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005854articlePLOS Genetics, vol 12, iss 2e1005854oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0sq6t25n2026-04-30T20:45:35Zqt0sq6t25nPlanck intermediate resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAller, HDAller, MFArnaud, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CCalabrese, ECatalano, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombo, LPLCouchot, FCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEriksen, HKFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGurwell, MAHansen, FKHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHildebrandt, SRHobson, MHornstrup, AHovatta, THovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJärvelä, EKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeonardi, RLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLinden-Vørnle, MLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMacías-Pérez, JFMaffei, BMaino, D2016-12-01Continuum spectra covering centimetre to submillimetre wavelengths are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, mainly active galactic nuclei, based on four-epoch Planck data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous ground-based radio observations between 1.1 and 37 GHz. The single-survey Planck data confirm that the flattest high-frequency radio spectral indices are close to zero, indicating that the original accelerated electron energy spectrum is much harder than commonly thought, with power-law index around 1.5 instead of the canonical 2.5. The radio spectra peak at high frequencies and exhibit a variety of shapes. For a small set of low-z sources, we find a spectral upturn at high frequencies, indicating the presence of intrinsic cold dust. Variability can generally be approximated by achromatic variations, while sources with clear signatures of evolving shocks appear to be limited to the strongest outbursts.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)galaxies: activegalaxies: generalradio continuum: galaxiesastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sq6t25nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0sq6t25n/qt0sq6t25n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201527780articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a106oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3v40p5k72026-04-30T20:45:30Zqt3v40p5k7Planck intermediate resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurazov, EClements, DLColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDolag, KDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHarrison, DLHelou, GHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, M2016-12-01The Virgo cluster is the largest Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) source in the sky, both in terms of angular size and total integrated flux. Planck’s wide angular scale and frequency coverage, together with its high sensitivity, enable a detailed study of this big object through the SZ effect. Virgo is well resolved by Planck, showing an elongated structure that correlates well with the morphology observed from X-rays, but extends beyond the observed X-ray signal. We find good agreement between the SZ signal (or Compton parameter, yc) observed by Planck and the expected signal inferred from X-ray observations and simple analytical models. Owing to its proximity to us, the gas beyond the virial radius in Virgo can be studied with unprecedented sensitivity by integrating the SZ signal over tens of square degrees. We study the signal in the outskirts of Virgo and compare it with analytical models and a constrained simulation of the environment of Virgo. Planck data suggest that significant amounts of low-density plasma surround Virgo, out to twice the virial radius. We find the SZ signal in the outskirts of Virgo to be consistent with a simple model that extrapolates the inferred pressure at lower radii, while assuming that the temperature stays in the keV range beyond the virial radius. The observed signal is also consistent with simulations and points to a shallow pressure profile in the outskirts of the cluster. This reservoir of gas at large radii can be linked with the hottest phase of the elusivewarm/hot intergalactic medium. Taking the lack of symmetry of Virgo into account, we find that a prolate model is favoured by the combination of SZ and X-ray data, in agreement with predictions. Finally, based on the combination of the same SZ and X-ray data, we constrain the total amount of gas in Virgo. Under the hypothesis that the abundance of baryons in Virgo is representative of the cosmic average, we also infer a distance for Virgo of approximately 18 Mpc, in good agreement with previous estimates.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ISM: generalgalaxies: clusters: individual: Virgogalaxies: clusters: intracluster mediumcosmic background radiationlarge-scale structure of Universeastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v40p5k7https://escholarship.org/content/qt3v40p5k7/qt3v40p5k7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201527743articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a101oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2wg9j8hm2026-04-30T20:45:24Zqt2wg9j8hmPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECatalano, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurazov, EClements, DLColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFinelli, FFlores-Cacho, IForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHarrison, DLHelou, GHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLanger, M2016-10-01We use Planck data to detect the cross-correlation between the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect and the infrared emission from the galaxies that make up the the cosmic infrared background (CIB). We first perform a stacking analysis towards Planck-confirmed galaxy clusters. We detect infrared emission produced by dusty galaxies inside these clusters and demonstrate that the infrared emission is about 50% more extended than the tSZ effect. Modelling the emission with a Navarro-Frenk-White profile, we find that the radial profile concentration parameter is c500 = 1.00+0.18-0.15 . This indicates that infrared galaxies in the outskirts of clusters have higher infrared flux than cluster-core galaxies. We also study the cross-correlation between tSZ and CIB anisotropies, following three alternative approaches based on power spectrum analyses: (i) using a catalogue of confirmed clusters detected in Planck data; (ii) using an all-sky tSZ map built from Planck frequency maps; and (iii) using cross-spectra between Planck frequency maps. With the three different methods, we detect the tSZ-CIB cross-power spectrum at significance levels of (i) 6σ; (ii) 3σ; and (iii) 4σ. We model the tSZ-CIB cross-correlation signature and compare predictions with the measurements. The amplitude of the cross-correlation relative to the fiducial model is AtSZ−CIB = 1.2 ± 0.3. This result is consistent with predictions for the tSZ-CIB cross-correlation assuming the best-fit cosmological model from Planck 2015 results along with the tSZ and CIB scaling relations.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)galaxies: clusters: generalinfrared: galaxieslarge-scale structure of Universemethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wg9j8hmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2wg9j8hm/qt2wg9j8hm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201527418articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a23oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9xs3m6gv2026-04-30T20:45:19Zqt9xs3m6gvPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCastex, GCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDolag, KDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, G2016-10-01We present the 8th full focal plane simulation set (FFP8), deployed in support of the Planck 2015 results. FFP8 consists of 10 fiducial mission realizations reduced to 18 144 maps, together with the most massive suite of Monte Carlo realizations of instrument noise and CMB ever generated, comprising 104 mission realizations reduced to about 106 maps. The resulting maps incorporate the dominant instrumental, scanning, and data analysis effects, and the remaining subdominant effects will be included in future updates. Generated at a cost of some 25 million CPU-hours spread across multiple high-performance-computing (HPC) platforms, FFP8 is used to validate and verify analysis algorithms and their implementations, and to remove biases from and quantify uncertainties in the results of analyses of the real data.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)methods: data analysismethods: numericalcosmic background radiationastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xs3m6gvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9xs3m6gv/qt9xs3m6gv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201527103articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qb425r42026-04-30T20:45:13Zqt7qb425r4Planck intermediate resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECatalano, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombo, LPLCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFinelli, FFlores-Cacho, IFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHarrison, DLHelou, GHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeonardi, RLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLinden-Vørnle, MLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PM2016-12-01The Planck mission, thanks to its large frequency range and all-sky coverage, has a unique potential for systematically detecting the brightest, and rarest, submillimetre sources on the sky, including distant objects in the high-redshift Universe traced by their dust emission. A novel method, based on a component-separation procedure using a combination of Planck and IRAS data, has been validated and characterized on numerous simulations, and applied to select the most luminous cold submillimetre sources with spectral energy distributions peaking between 353 and 857 GHz at 5′ resolution. A total of 2151 Planck high-z source candidates (the PHZ) have been detected in the cleanest 26% of the sky, with flux density at 545 GHz above 500 mJy. Embedded in the cosmic infrared background close to the confusion limit, these high-z candidates exhibit colder colours than their surroundings, consistent with redshifts z > 2, assuming a dust temperature of Txgal = 35 K and a spectral index of βxgal = 1.5. Exhibiting extremely high luminosities, larger than 1014L⊙, the PHZ objects may be made of multiple galaxies or clumps at high redshift, as suggested by a first statistical analysis based on a comparison with number count models. Furthermore, first follow-up observations obtained from optical to submillimetre wavelengths, which can be found in companion papers, have confirmed that this list consists of two distinct populations. A small fraction (around 3%) of the sources have been identified as strongly gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxies at redshift 2 to 4, while the vast majority of the PHZ sources appear as overdensities of dusty star-forming galaxies, having colours consistent with being at z > 2, and may be considered as proto-cluster candidates. The PHZ provides an original sample, which is complementary to the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich Catalogue (PSZ2); by extending the population of virialized massive galaxy clusters detected below z < 1.5 through their SZ signal to a population of sources at z > 1.5, the PHZ may contain the progenitors of today’s clusters. Hence the Planck list of high-redshift source candidates opens a new window on the study of the early stages of structure formation, particularly understanding the intensively star-forming phase at high-z.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)catalogssubmillimeter: galaxiesgalaxies: high-redshiftgalaxies: clusters: generallarge-scale structure of Universeastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qb425r4https://escholarship.org/content/qt7qb425r4/qt7qb425r4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201527206articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a100oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5q60d2hc2026-04-30T20:45:08Zqt5q60d2hcPlanck 2015 resultsAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombo, LPLCombet, CCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDolag, KDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADunkley, JDupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGauthier, CGerbino, MGiard, MGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHamann, JHansen, FKHarrison, DLHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJones, WCJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, R2016-10-01This paper presents the Planck 2015 likelihoods, statistical descriptions of the 2-point correlationfunctions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization fluctuations that account for relevant uncertainties, both instrumental and astrophysical in nature. They are based on the same hybrid approach used for the previous release, i.e., a pixel-based likelihood at low multipoles (ℓ< 30) and a Gaussian approximation to the distribution of cross-power spectra at higher multipoles. The main improvements are the use of more and better processed data and of Planck polarization information, along with more detailed models of foregrounds and instrumental uncertainties. The increased redundancy brought by more than doubling the amount of data analysed enables further consistency checks and enhanced immunity to systematic effects. It also improves the constraining power of Planck, in particular with regard to small-scale foreground properties. Progress in the modelling of foreground emission enables the retention of a larger fraction of the sky to determine the properties of the CMB, which also contributes to the enhanced precision of the spectra. Improvements in data processing and instrumental modelling further reduce uncertainties. Extensive tests establish the robustness and accuracy of the likelihood results, from temperature alone, from polarization alone, and from their combination. For temperature, we also perform a full likelihood analysis of realistic end-to-end simulations of the instrumental response to the sky, which were fed into the actual data processing pipeline; this does not reveal biases from residual low-level instrumental systematics. Even with the increase in precision and robustness, the ΛCDM cosmological model continues to offer a very good fit to the Planck data. The slope of the primordial scalar fluctuations, ns, is confirmed smaller than unity at more than 5σ from Planck alone. We further validate the robustness of the likelihood results against specific extensions to the baseline cosmology, which are particularly sensitive to data at high multipoles. For instance, the effective number of neutrino species remains compatible with the canonical value of 3.046. For this first detailed analysis of Planck polarization spectra, we concentrate at high multipoles on the E modes, leaving the analysis of the weaker B modes to future work. At low multipoles we use temperature maps at all Planck frequencies along with a subset of polarization data. These data take advantage of Planck’s wide frequency coverage to improve the separation of CMB and foreground emission. Within the baseline ΛCDM cosmology this requires τ = 0.078 ± 0.019 for the reionization optical depth, which is significantly lower than estimates without the use of high-frequency data for explicit monitoring of dust emission. At high multipoles we detect residual systematic errors in E polarization, typically at the μK2 level; we therefore choose to retain temperature information alone for high multipoles as the recommended baseline, in particular for testing non-minimal models. Nevertheless, the high-multipole polarization spectra from Planck are already good enough to enable a separate high-precision determination of the parameters of the ΛCDM model, showing consistency with those established independently from temperature information alone.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmological parameterscosmology: observationsmethods: data analysismethods: statisticalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q60d2hchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5q60d2hc/qt5q60d2hc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201526926articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a11oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt06k1r1pn2026-04-30T20:45:02Zqt06k1r1pnPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArgüeso, FArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBeichman, CBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBöhringer, HBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarvalho, PCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChristensen, PRClemens, MClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, A2016-10-01The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources is a list of discrete objects detected in single-frequency maps from the full duration of the Planck mission and supersedes previous versions. It consists of compact sources, both Galactic and extragalactic, detected over the entire sky. Compact sources detected in the lower frequency channels are assigned to the PCCS2, while at higher frequencies they are assigned to one of two subcatalogues, the PCCS2 or PCCS2E, depending on their location on the sky. The first of these (PCCS2) covers most of the sky and allows the user to produce subsamples at higher reliabilities than the target 80% integral reliability of the catalogue. The second (PCCS2E) contains sources detected in sky regions where the diffuse emission makes it difficult to quantify the reliability of the detections. Both the PCCS2 and PCCS2E include polarization measurements, in the form of polarized flux densities, or upper limits, and orientation angles for all seven polarization-sensitive Planck channels. The improved data-processing of the full-mission maps and their reduced noise levels allow us to increase the number of objects in the catalogue, improving its completeness for the target 80% reliability as compared with the previous versions, the PCCS and the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC).5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)catalogscosmology: observationsradio continuum: generalsubmillimeter: generalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/06k1r1pnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt06k1r1pn/qt06k1r1pn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201526914articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a26oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt34w580qq2026-04-30T20:44:56Zqt34w580qqPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAkrami, YAluri, PKArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCasaponsa, BCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurch, SClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CContreras, DCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCruz, MCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFergusson, JFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGauthier, CGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, E2016-10-01We test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies using observations made by the Planck satellite. Our results are based mainly on the full Planck mission for temperature, but also include some polarization measurements. In particular, we consider the CMB anisotropy maps derived from the multi-frequency Planck data by several component-separation methods. For the temperature anisotropies, we find excellent agreement between results based on these sky maps over both a very large fraction of the sky and a broad range of angular scales, establishing that potential foreground residuals do not affect our studies. Tests of skewness, kurtosis, multi-normality, N-point functions, and Minkowski functionals indicate consistency with Gaussianity, while a power deficit at large angular scales is manifested in several ways, for example low map variance. The results of a peak statistics analysis are consistent with the expectations of a Gaussian random field. The “Cold Spot” is detected with several methods, including map kurtosis, peak statistics, and mean temperature profile. We thoroughly probe the large-scale dipolar power asymmetry, detecting it with several independent tests, and address the subject of a posteriori correction. Tests of directionality suggest the presence of angular clustering from large to small scales, but at a significance that is dependent on the details of the approach. We perform the first examination of polarization data, finding the morphology of stacked peaks to be consistent with the expectations of statistically isotropic simulations. Where they overlap, these results are consistent with the Planck 2013 analysis based on the nominal mission data and provide our most thorough view of the statistics of the CMB fluctuations to date.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationscosmic background radiationpolarizationmethods: data analysismethods: statisticalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/34w580qqinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201526681articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a16oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0b4668142026-04-30T20:44:51Zqt0b466814Planck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAlves, MIRArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChristensen, PRColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KM2016-10-01We discuss the Galactic foreground emission between 20 and 100 GHz based on observations by Planck and WMAP. The total intensity in this part of the spectrum is dominated by free-free and spinning dust emission, whereas the polarized intensity is dominated by synchrotron emission. The Commander component-separation tool has been used to separate the various astrophysical processes in total intensity. Comparison with radio recombination line templates verifies the recovery of the free-free emission along the Galactic plane. Comparison of the high-latitude Hα emission with our free-free map shows residuals that correlate with dust optical depth, consistent with a fraction (≈30%) of Hα having been scattered by high-latitude dust. We highlight a number of diffuse spinning dust morphological features at high latitude. There is substantial spatial variation in the spinning dust spectrum, with the emission peak (in Iν) ranging from below 20 GHz to more than 50 GHz. There is a strong tendency for the spinning dust component near many prominent H ii regions to have a higher peak frequency, suggesting that this increase in peak frequency is associated with dust in the photo-dissociation regions around the nebulae. The emissivity of spinning dust in these diffuse regions is of the same order as previous detections in the literature. Over the entire sky, the Commander solution finds more anomalous microwave emission (AME) than the WMAP component maps, at the expense of synchrotron and free-free emission. This can be explained by the difficulty in separating multiple broadband components with a limited number of frequency maps. Future surveys, particularly at 5–20 GHz, will greatly improve the separation by constraining the synchrotron spectrum. We combine Planck and WMAP data to make the highest signal-to-noise ratio maps yet of the intensity of the all-sky polarized synchrotron emission at frequencies above a few GHz. Most of the high-latitude polarized emission is associated with distinct large-scale loops and spurs, and we re-discuss their structure. We argue that nearly all the emission at 40deg > l > −90deg is part of the Loop I structure, and show that the emission extends much further in to the southern Galactic hemisphere than previously recognised, giving Loop I an ovoid rather than circular outline. However, it does not continue as far as the “Fermi bubble/microwave haze”, making it less probable that these are part of the same structure. We identify a number of new faint features in the polarized sky, including a dearth of polarized synchrotron emission directly correlated with a narrow, roughly 20deg long filament seen in Hα at high Galactic latitude. Finally, we look for evidence of polarized AME, however many AME regions are significantly contaminated by polarized synchrotron emission, and we find a 2σ upper limit of 1.6% in the Perseus region.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)diffuse radiationISM: generalradiation mechanisms: generalradio continuum: ISMpolarizationlocal insterstellar matterastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b466814https://escholarship.org/content/qt0b466814/qt0b466814.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201526803articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a25oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4gw6q5gp2026-04-30T20:44:45Zqt4gw6q5gpPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaglia, PBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChristensen, PRColombi, SColombo, LPLCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKnoche, JKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CR2016-10-01We present a description of the pipeline used to calibrate the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) timelines into thermodynamic temperatures for the Planck 2015 data release, covering four years of uninterrupted operations. As in the 2013 data release, our calibrator is provided by the spin-synchronous modulation of the cosmic microwave background dipole, but we now use the orbital component, rather than adopting the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) solar dipole. This allows our 2015 LFI analysis to provide an independent Solar dipole estimate, which is in excellent agreement with that of HFI and within 1σ (0.3% in amplitude) of the WMAP value. This 0.3% shift in the peak-to-peak dipole temperature from WMAP and a general overhaul of the iterative calibration code increases the overall level of the LFI maps by 0.45% (30 GHz), 0.64% (44 GHz), and 0.82% (70 GHz) in temperature with respect to the 2013 Planck data release, thus reducing the discrepancy with the power spectrum measured by WMAP. We estimate that the LFI calibration uncertainty is now at the level of 0.20% for the 70 GHz map, 0.26% for the 44 GHz map, and 0.35% for the 30 GHz map. We provide a detailed description of the impact of all the changes implemented in the calibration since the previous data release.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationinstrumentation: polarimetersmethods: data analysisastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gw6q5gphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4gw6q5gp/qt4gw6q5gp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201526632articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5gg2p0c22026-04-30T20:44:39Zqt5gg2p0c2Planck 2015 resultsAdam, RAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBasak, SBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCasaponsa, BCastex, GCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, M2016-10-01We present foreground-reduced cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps derived from the full Planck data set in both temperature and polarization. Compared to the corresponding Planck 2013 temperature sky maps, the total data volume is larger by a factor of 3.2 for frequencies between 30 and 70 GHz, and by 1.9 for frequencies between 100 and 857 GHz. In addition, systematic errors in the forms of temperature-to-polarization leakage, analogue-to-digital conversion uncertainties, and very long time constant errors have been dramatically reduced, to the extent that the cosmological polarization signal may now be robustly recovered on angular scales ℓ ≳ 40. On the very largest scales, instrumental systematic residuals are still non-negligible compared to the expected cosmological signal, and modes with ℓ< 20 are accordingly suppressed in the current polarization maps by high-pass filtering. As in 2013, four different CMB component separation algorithms are applied to these observations, providing a measure of stability with respect to algorithmic and modelling choices. The resulting polarization maps have rms instrumental noise ranging between 0.21 and 0.27μK averaged over 55′ pixels, and between 4.5 and 6.1μK averaged over 3 .́ 4 pixels. The cosmological parameters derived from the analysis of temperature power spectra are in agreement at the 1σ level with the Planck 2015 likelihood. Unresolved mismatches between the noise properties of the data and simulations prevent a satisfactory description of the higher-order statistical properties of the polarization maps. Thus, the primary applications of these polarization maps are those that do not require massive simulations for accurate estimation of uncertainties, for instance estimation of cross-spectra and cross-correlations, or stacking analyses. However, the amplitude of primordial non-Gaussianity is consistent with zero within 2σ for all local, equilateral, and orthogonal configurations of the bispectrum, including for polarization E-modes. Moreover, excellent agreement is found regarding the lensing B-mode power spectrum, both internally among the various component separation codes and with the best-fit Planck 2015 Λ cold dark matter model.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationspolarizationcosmic background radiationdiffuse radiationastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gg2p0c2https://escholarship.org/content/qt5gg2p0c2/qt5gg2p0c2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525936articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a9oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2s51n7nv2026-04-30T20:44:34Zqt2s51n7nvPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECatalano, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, R2016-10-01We present the Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC), an all-sky catalogue of Galactic cold clump candidates detected by Planck. This catalogue is the full version of the Early Cold Core (ECC) catalogue, which was made available in 2011 with the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) and which contained 915 high signal-to-noise sources. It is based on the Planck 48-month mission data that are currently being released to the astronomical community. The PGCC catalogue is an observational catalogue consisting exclusively of Galactic cold sources. The three highest Planck bands (857, 454, and 353 GHz) have been combined with IRAS data at 3 THz to perform a multi-frequency detection of sources colder than their local environment. After rejection of possible extragalactic contaminants, the PGCC catalogue contains 13188 Galactic sources spread across the whole sky, i.e., from the Galactic plane to high latitudes, following the spatial distribution of the main molecular cloud complexes. The median temperature of PGCC sources lies between 13 and 14.5 K, depending on the quality of the flux density measurements, with a temperature ranging from 5.8 to 20 K after removing the sources with the top 1% highest temperature estimates. Using seven independent methods, reliable distance estimates have been obtained for 5574 sources, which allows us to derive their physical properties such as their mass, physical size, mean density, and luminosity.The PGCC sources are located mainly in the solar neighbourhood, but also up to a distance of 10.5 kpc in the direction of the Galactic centre, and range from low-mass cores to large molecular clouds. Because of this diversity and because the PGCC catalogue contains sources in very different environments, the catalogue is useful for investigating the evolution from molecular clouds to cores. Finally, it also includes 54 additional sources located in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ISM: cloudsISM: structurelocal insterstellar matterstars: formationastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2s51n7nvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2s51n7nv/qt2s51n7nv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525819articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a28oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5px6836f2026-04-30T20:44:29Zqt5px6836fPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBarrena, RBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBattye, RBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBikmaev, IBöhringer, HBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurenin, RBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarvalho, PCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChon, GChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDahle, HDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDolag, KDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GEisenhardt, PRMElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFeroz, FFerragamo, AFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGrainge, KJBGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DL2016-10-01We present the all-sky Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) sources detected from the 29 month full-mission data. The catalogue (PSZ2) is the largest SZ-selected sample of galaxy clusters yet produced and the deepest systematic all-sky surveyof galaxy clusters. It contains 1653 detections, of which 1203 are confirmed clusters with identified counterparts in external data sets, and is the first SZ-selected cluster survey containing >103 confirmed clusters. We present a detailed analysis of the survey selection function in terms of its completeness and statistical reliability, placing a lower limit of 83% on the purity. Using simulations, we find that the estimates of the SZ strength parameter Y5R500are robust to pressure-profile variation and beam systematics, but accurate conversion to Y500 requires the use of prior information on the cluster extent. We describe the multi-wavelength search for counterparts in ancillary data, which makes use of radio, microwave, infra-red, optical, and X-ray data sets, and which places emphasis on the robustness of the counterpart match. We discuss the physical properties of the new sample and identify a population of low-redshift X-ray under-luminous clusters revealed by SZ selection. These objects appear in optical and SZ surveys with consistent properties for their mass, but are almost absent from ROSAT X-ray selected samples.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationsgalaxies: clusters: generalcatalogsastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5px6836fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5px6836f/qt5px6836f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525823articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a27oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt312536xk2026-04-30T20:44:23Zqt312536xkPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBattye, RBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurch, SClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDolag, KDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, G2016-10-01We present cluster counts and corresponding cosmological constraints from the Planck full mission data set. Our catalogue consists of 439 clusters detected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal down to a signal-to-noise ratio of 6, and is more than a factor of 2 larger than the 2013 Planck cluster cosmology sample. The counts are consistent with those from 2013 and yield compatible constraints under the same modelling assumptions. Taking advantage of the larger catalogue, we extend our analysis to the two-dimensional distribution in redshift and signal-to-noise. We use mass estimates from two recent studies of gravitational lensing of background galaxies by Planck clusters to provide priors on the hydrostatic bias parameter, (1−b). In addition, we use lensing of cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations by Planck clusters as an independent constraint on this parameter. These various calibrations imply constraints on the present-day amplitude of matter fluctuations in varying degrees of tension with those from the Planck analysis of primary fluctuations in the CMB; for the lowest estimated values of (1−b) the tension is mild, only a little over one standard deviation, while it remains substantial (3.7σ) for the largest estimated value. We also examine constraints on extensions to the base flat ΛCDM model by combining the cluster and CMB constraints. The combination appears to favour non-minimal neutrino masses, but this possibility does little to relieve the overall tension because it simultaneously lowers the implied value of the Hubble parameter, thereby exacerbating the discrepancy with most current astrophysical estimates. Improving the precision of cluster mass calibrations from the current 10%-level to 1% would significantly strengthen these combined analyses and provide a stringent test of the base ΛCDM model.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameterslarge-scale structure of Universeastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/312536xkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt312536xk/qt312536xk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525833articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a24oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7b49h2xh2026-04-30T20:44:17Zqt7b49h2xhPlanck 2015 resultsAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBattye, RBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurazov, EClements, DLColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDolag, KDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGiard, MGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJones, WCJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLacasa, FLagache, G2016-10-01We have constructed all-sky Compton parameters maps, y-maps, of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect by applying specifically tailored component separation algorithms to the 30 to 857 GHz frequency channel maps from the Planck satellite. These reconstructed y-maps are delivered as part of the Planck 2015 release. The y-maps are characterized in terms of noise properties and residual foreground contamination, mainly thermal dust emission at large angular scales, and cosmic infrared background and extragalactic point sources at small angular scales. Specific masks are defined to minimize foreground residuals and systematics. Using these masks, we compute the y-map angular power spectrum and higher order statistics. From these we conclude that the y-map is dominated by tSZ signal in the multipole range, 205109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)large-scale structure of Universecosmology: observationsastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b49h2xhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7b49h2xh/qt7b49h2xh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525826articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a22oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3wj511jd2026-04-30T20:41:25Zqt3wj511jdPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCasaponsa, BCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurch, SClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFernandez-Cobos, RFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GIlić, SJaffe, AH2016-10-01This paper presents a study of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect from the Planck 2015 temperature and polarization data release. This secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy caused by the large-scale time-evolving gravitational potential is probed from different perspectives. The CMB is cross-correlated with different large-scale structure (LSS) tracers: radio sources from the NVSS catalogue; galaxies from the optical SDSS and the infrared WISE surveys; and the Planck 2015 convergence lensing map. The joint cross-correlation of the CMB with the tracers yields a detection at 4σ where most of the signal-to-noise is due to the Planck lensing and the NVSS radio catalogue. In fact, the ISW effect is detected from the Planck data only at ≈3σ (through the ISW-lensing bispectrum), which is similar to the detection level achieved by combining the cross-correlation signal coming from all the galaxy catalogues mentioned above. We study the ability of the ISW effect to place constraints on the dark-energy parameters; in particular, we show that ΩΛ is detected at more than 3σ. This cross-correlation analysis is performed only with the Planck temperature data, since the polarization scales available in the 2015 release do not permit significant improvement of the CMB-LSS cross-correlation detectability. Nevertheless, the Planck polarization data are used to study the anomalously large ISW signal previously reported through the aperture photometry on stacked CMB features at the locations of known superclusters and supervoids, which is in conflict with ΛCDM expectations. We find that the current Planck polarization data do not exclude that this signal could be caused by the ISW effect. In addition, the stacking of the Planck lensing map on the locations of superstructures exhibits a positive cross-correlation with these large-scale structures. Finally, we have improved our previous reconstruction of the ISW temperature fluctuations by combining the information encoded in all the previously mentioned LSS tracers. In particular, we construct a map of the ISW secondary anisotropies and the corresponding uncertainties map, obtained from simulations. We also explore the reconstruction of the ISW anisotropies caused by the large-scale structure traced by the 2MASS Photometric Redshift Survey (2MPZ) by directly inverting the density field into the gravitational potential field.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationscosmic background radiationlarge-scale structure of Universedark energygalaxies: clusters: generalmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wj511jdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3wj511jd/qt3wj511jd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525831articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a21oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3bs9x0pr2026-04-30T20:41:20Zqt3bs9x0prPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MArroja, FAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChluba, JChristensen, PRChurch, SClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDolag, KDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FFlorido, EForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AH2016-10-01We compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is related to their contribution to cosmological perturbations; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; the impact of PMFs on the ionization history; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities and related non-zero bispectra; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. We present constraints on the amplitude of PMFs that are derived from different Planck data products, depending on the specific effect that is being analysed. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanoGauss, with different bounds that depend on the considered model. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B1 Mpc < 4.4 nG (where B1 Mpc is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity. By considering the Planck likelihood, based only on parity-even angular power spectra, we obtain B1 Mpc < 5.6 nG for a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B1 Mpc < 2.0 nG and B1 Mpc < 0.9 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity, we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B1 Mpc < 2.8 nG. A search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B1 Mpc < 4.5 nG, whereas the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B1 Mpc < 3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B1 Mpc < 1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfvén waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)magnetic fieldscosmic background radiationearly Universeastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bs9x0prhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3bs9x0pr/qt3bs9x0pr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525821articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a19oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt41d7m63c2026-04-30T20:41:15Zqt41d7m63cPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurch, SClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFeeney, SFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCJuvela, M2016-10-01Maps of cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization from the 2015 release of Planck data provide the highestquality full-sky view of the surface of last scattering available to date. This enables us to detect possible departures from a globally isotropic cosmology. We present the first searches using CMB polarization for correlations induced by a possible non-trivial topology with a fundamental domain that intersects, or nearly intersects, the last-scattering surface (at comoving distance χrec), both via a direct scan for matched circular patterns at the intersections and by an optimal likelihood calculation for specific topologies. We specialize to flat spaces with cubic toroidal (T3) and slab (T1) topologies, finding that explicit searches for the latter are sensitive to other topologies with antipodal symmetry. These searches yield no detection of a compact topology with a scale below the diameter of the last-scattering surface. The limits on the radius ℛi of the largest sphere inscribed in the fundamental domain (at log-likelihood ratio Δlnℒ > −5 relative to a simply-connected flat Planck best-fit model) are: ℛi > 0.97 χrec for the T3 cubic torus; and ℛi > 0.56 χrec for the T1 slab. The limit for the T3 cubic torus from the matched-circles search is numerically equivalent, ℛi > 0.97 χrec at 99% confidence level from polarization data alone. We also perform a Bayesian search for an anisotropic global Bianchi VIIh geometry. In the non-physical setting, where the Bianchi cosmology is decoupled from the standard cosmology, Planck temperature data favour the inclusion of a Bianchi component with a Bayes factor of at least 2.3 units of log-evidence. However, the cosmological parameters that generate this pattern are in strong disagreement with those found from CMB anisotropy data alone. Fitting the induced polarization pattern for this model to the Planck data requires an amplitude of −0.10 ± 0.04 compared to the value of + 1 if the model were to be correct. In the physically motivated setting, where the Bianchi parameters are coupled and fitted simultaneously with the standard cosmological parameters, we find no evidence for a Bianchi VIIh cosmology and constrain the vorticity of such models to (ω/H)0 < 7.6 × 10-10 (95% CL).5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmology: observationscosmological parametersgravitationmethods: data analysismethods:statisticalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/41d7m63chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt41d7m63c/qt41d7m63c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525829articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a18oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2wc6633k2026-04-30T20:41:10Zqt2wc6633kPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MArroja, FAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurch, SClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGauthier, CGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHamann, JHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHeavens, AHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, A2016-10-01The Planck full mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E-mode polarization maps are analysed to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). Using three classes of optimal bispectrum estimators – separable template-fitting (KSW), binned, and modal – we obtain consistent values for the primordial local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes, quoting as our final result from temperature alone ƒlocalNL = 2.5 ± 5.7, ƒequilNL= -16 ± 70, , and ƒorthoNL = -34 ± 32 (68% CL, statistical). Combining temperature and polarization data we obtain ƒlocalNL = 0.8 ± 5.0, ƒequilNL= -4 ± 43, and ƒorthoNL = -26 ± 21 (68% CL, statistical). The results are based on comprehensive cross-validation of these estimators on Gaussian and non-Gaussian simulations, are stable across component separation techniques, pass an extensive suite of tests, and are consistent with estimators based on measuring the Minkowski functionals of the CMB. The effect of time-domain de-glitching systematics on the bispectrum is negligible. In spite of these test outcomes we conservatively label the results including polarization data as preliminary, owing to a known mismatch of the noise model in simulations and the data. Beyond estimates of individual shape amplitudes, we present model-independent, three-dimensional reconstructions of the Planck CMB bispectrum and derive constraints on early universe scenarios that generate primordial NG, including general single-field models of inflation, axion inflation, initial state modifications, models producing parity-violating tensor bispectra, and directionally dependent vector models. We present a wide survey of scale-dependent feature and resonance models, accounting for the “look elsewhere” effect in estimating the statistical significance of features. We also look for isocurvature NG, and find no signal, but we obtain constraints that improve significantly with the inclusion of polarization. The primordial trispectrum amplitude in the local model is constrained to be ?localNL = (-0.9 ± 7.7 ) X 104(68% CL statistical), and we perform an analysis of trispectrum shapes beyond the local case. The global picture that emerges is one of consistency with the premises of the ΛCDM cosmology, namely that the structure we observe today was sourced by adiabatic, passive, Gaussian, and primordial seed perturbations.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmology: observationscosmology: theoryearly Universeinflationmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wc6633khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2wc6633k/qt2wc6633k.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525836articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a17oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2d44c3nh2026-04-30T20:41:05Zqt2d44c3nhPlanck 2015 resultsAdam, RAde, PARAghanim, NAlves, MIRArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartlett, JGBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, W2016-10-01Planck has mapped the microwave sky in temperature over nine frequency bands between 30 and 857 GHz and in polarization over seven frequency bands between 30 and 353 GHz in polarization. In this paper we consider the problem of diffuse astrophysical component separation, and process these maps within a Bayesian framework to derive an internally consistent set of full-sky astrophysical component maps. Component separation dedicated to cosmic microwave background (CMB) reconstruction is described in a companion paper. For the temperature analysis, we combine the Planck observations with the 9-yr Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) sky maps and the Haslam et al. 408 MHz map, to derive a joint model of CMB, synchrotron, free-free, spinning dust, CO, line emission in the 94 and 100 GHz channels, and thermal dust emission. Full-sky maps are provided for each component, with an angular resolution varying between 7.́5 and 1deg. Global parameters (monopoles, dipoles, relative calibration, and bandpass errors) are fitted jointly with the sky model, and best-fit values are tabulated. For polarization, the model includes CMB, synchrotron, and thermal dust emission. These models provide excellent fits to the observed data, with rms temperature residuals smaller than 4μK over 93% of the sky for all Planck frequencies up to 353 GHz, and fractional errors smaller than 1% in the remaining 7% of the sky. The main limitations of the temperature model at the lower frequencies are internal degeneracies among the spinning dust, free-free, and synchrotron components; additional observations from external low-frequency experiments will be essential to break these degeneracies. The main limitations of the temperature model at the higher frequencies are uncertainties in the 545 and 857 GHz calibration and zero-points. For polarization, the main outstanding issues are instrumental systematics in the 100–353 GHz bands on large angular scales in the form of temperature-to-polarization leakage, uncertainties in the analogue-to-digital conversion, and corrections for the very long time constant of the bolometer detectors, all of which are expected to improve in the near future.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ISM: generalcosmology: observationspolarizationcosmic background radiationdiffuse radiationGalaxy: generalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d44c3nhinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525967articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a10oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0576k85b2026-04-30T20:40:59Zqt0576k85bPlanck 2015 resultsAdam, RAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBertincourt, BBielewicz, PBock, JJBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCJuvela, MKeihänen, E2016-10-01This paper describes the processing applied to the cleaned, time-ordered information obtained from the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) with the aim of producing photometrically calibrated maps in temperature and (for the first time) in polarization. The data from the entire 2.5-year HFI mission include almost five full-sky surveys. HFI observes the sky over a broad range of frequencies, from 100 to 857 GHz. To obtain the best accuracy on the calibration over such a large range, two different photometric calibration schemes have been used. The 545 and 857 GHz data are calibrated using models of planetary atmospheric emission. The lower frequencies (from 100 to 353 GHz) are calibrated using the time-variable cosmological microwave background dipole, which we call the orbital dipole. This source of calibration only depends on the satellite velocity with respect to the solar system. Using a CMB temperature of TCMB = 2.7255 ± 0.0006 K, it permits an independent measurement of the amplitude of the CMB solar dipole (3364.3 ± 1.5 μK), which is approximatively 1σ higher than the WMAP measurement with a direction that is consistent between the two experiments. We describe the pipeline used to produce the maps ofintensity and linear polarization from the HFI timelines, and the scheme used to set the zero level of the maps a posteriori. We also summarize the noise characteristics of the HFI maps in the 2015 Planck data release and present some null tests to assess their quality. Finally, we discuss the major systematic effects and in particular the leakage induced by flux mismatch between the detectors that leads to spurious polarization signal.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationscosmic background radiationsurveysmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0576k85bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0576k85b/qt0576k85b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525820articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a8oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5773g2d02026-04-30T20:40:53Zqt5773g2d0Planck 2015 resultsAdam, RAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBertincourt, BBielewicz, PBock, JJBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChallinor, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCJuvela, M2016-10-01The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) has observed the full sky at six frequencies (100, 143, 217, 353, 545, and 857 GHz) in intensity and at four frequencies in linear polarization (100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz). In order to obtain sky maps, the time-ordered information (TOI) containing the detector and pointing samples must be processed and the angular response must be assessed. The full mission TOI is included in the Planck 2015 release. This paper describes the HFI TOI and beam processing for the 2015 release. HFI calibration and map making are described in a companion paper. The main pipeline has been modified since the last release (2013 nominal mission in intensity only), by including a correction for the nonlinearity of the warm readout and by improving the model of the bolometer time response. The beam processing is an essential tool that derives the angular response used in all the Planck science papers and we report an improvement in the effective beam window function uncertainty of more than a factor of 10 relative to the2013 release. Noise correlations introduced by pipeline filtering function are assessed using dedicated simulations. Angular cross-power spectra using data sets that are decorrelated in time are immune to the main systematic effects.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)methods: data analysiscosmic background radiationinstrumentation: detectorsastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5773g2d0https://escholarship.org/content/qt5773g2d0/qt5773g2d0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525844articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a7oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9nm8g74w2026-04-30T20:40:48Zqt9nm8g74wPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChristensen, PRColombi, SColombo, LPLCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKisner, TSKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeahy, JPLeonardi, R2016-10-01This paper describes the mapmaking procedure applied to Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data. The mapmaking step takes as input the calibrated timelines and pointing information. The main products are sky maps of I, Q, and U Stokes components. For the first time, we present polarization maps at LFI frequencies. The mapmaking algorithm is based on a destriping technique, which is enhanced with a noise prior. The Galactic region is masked to reduce errors arising from bandpass mismatch and high signal gradients. We apply horn-uniform radiometer weights to reduce the effects of beam-shape mismatch. The algorithm is the same as used for the 2013 release, apart from small changes in parameter settings. We validate the procedure through simulations. Special emphasis is put on the control of systematics, which is particularly important for accurate polarization analysis. We also produce low-resolution versions of the maps and corresponding noise covariance matrices. These serve as input in later analysis steps and parameter estimation. The noise covariance matrices are validated through noise Monte Carlo simulations. The residual noise in the map products is characterized through analysis of half-ring maps, noise covariance matrices, and simulations.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)cosmic background radiationmethods: data analysisastro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nm8g74whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9nm8g74w/qt9nm8g74w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525813articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt57q015nd2026-04-30T20:40:42Zqt57q015ndPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChristensen, PRColombi, SColombo, LPLCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKisner, TSKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeahy, JPLeonardi, R2016-10-01This paper presents the characterization of the in-flight beams, the beam window functions, and the associated uncertainties for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI). The structure of the paper is similar to that presented in the 2013 Planck release; the main differences concern the beam normalization and the delivery of the window functions to be used for polarization analysis. The in-flight assessment of the LFI main beams relies on measurements performed during observations of Jupiter. By stacking data from seven Jupiter transits, the main beam profiles are measured down to –25 dB at 30 and 44 GHz, and down to –30 dB at 70 GHz. It has been confirmed that the agreement between the simulated beams and the measured beams is better than 1% at each LFI frequency band (within the 20 dB contour from the peak, the rms values are 0.1% at 30 and 70 GHz; 0.2% at 44 GHz). Simulated polarized beams are used for the computation of the effective beam window functions. The error budget for the window functions is estimated from both main beam and sidelobe contributions, and accounts for the radiometer band shapes. The total uncertainties in the effective beam window functions are 0.7% and 1% at 30 and 44 GHz, respectively (at ℓ ≈ 600); and 0.5% at 70 GHz (at ℓ ≈ 1000).5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)methods: data analysiscosmic background radiationtelescopesastro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/57q015ndhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt57q015nd/qt57q015nd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525809articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1k1713pc2026-04-30T20:40:37Zqt1k1713pcPlanck 2015 resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBattaglia, PBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCastex, GCatalano, AChamballu, AChristensen, PRColombi, SColombo, LPLCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFergusson, JFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFranceschet, CFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKisner, TSKnoche, JKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, G2016-10-01We present an updated description of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data processing pipeline, associated with the 2015 data release. We point out the places where our results and methods have remained unchanged since the 2013 paper and we highlight the changes made for the 2015 release, describing the products (especially timelines) and the ways in which they were obtained. We demonstrate that the pipeline is self-consistent (principally based on simulations) and report all null tests. For the first time, we present LFI maps in Stokes Q and U polarization. We refer to other related papers where more detailed descriptions of the LFI data processing pipeline may be found if needed.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)space vehicles: instrumentsmethods: data analysiscosmic background radiationastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IMastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k1713pchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1k1713pc/qt1k1713pc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525818articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 594a2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9jf0v03w2026-04-30T20:40:31Zqt9jf0v03wPlanck intermediate resultsAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBracco, ABurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XDusini, SEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGiard, MGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHelou, GHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, E2017-03-01The characterization of the Galactic foregrounds has been shown to be the main obstacle in thechallenging quest to detect primordial
B
-modes in the polarized microwave sky. We make use of the
Planck
-HFI 2015 data release at high frequencies to place new constraints on the properties of the polarized thermal dust emission at high Galactic latitudes. Here, we specifically study the spatial variability of the dust polarized spectral energy distribution (SED), and its potential impact on the determination of the tensor-to-scalar ratio,
r
. We use the correlation ratio of the
C
BB
ℓ
angular power spectra between the 217 and 353 GHz channels as a tracer of these potential variations, computed on different high Galactic latitude regions, ranging from 80% to 20% of the sky. The new insight from
Planck
data is a departure of the correlation ratio from unity that cannot be attributed to a spurious decorrelation due to the cosmic microwave background, instrumental noise, or instrumental systematics. The effect is marginally detected on each region, but the statistical combination of all the regions gives more than 99% confidence for this variation in polarized dust properties. In addition, we show that the decorrelation increases when there is a decrease in the mean column density of the region of the sky being considered, and we propose a simple power-law empirical model for this dependence, which matches what is seen in the
Planck
data. We explore the effect that this measured decorrelation has on simulations of the BICEP2-Keck Array/
Planck
analysis and show that the 2015 constraints from these data still allow a decorrelation between the dust at 150 and 353 GHz that is compatible with our measured value. Finally, using simplified models, we show that either spatial variation of the dust SED or of the dust polarization angle are able to produce decorrelations between 217 and 353 GHz data similar to the values we observe in the data.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmologyobservationssubmillimeterISM - dustextinctionastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jf0v03whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9jf0v03w/qt9jf0v03w.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201629164articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 599a51oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt83v0451v2026-04-30T20:40:27Zqt83v0451vPlanck intermediate resultsAghanim, NAlves, MIRArzoumanian, DAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBracco, ABucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XDusini, SEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFerrière, KFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEGuillet, VHansen, FKHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLanger, MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMacías-Pérez, JF2016-12-01Using data from the Planck satellite, we study the statistical properties of interstellar dust polarization at high Galactic latitudes around the south pole (b < −60°). Our aim is to advance the understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM), and to provide a modelling framework of the polarized dust foreground for use in cosmic microwave background (CMB) component-separation procedures. We examine the Stokes I, Q, and U maps at 353 GHz, and particularly the statistical distribution of the polarization fraction (p) and angle (ψ), in order to characterize the ordered and turbulent components of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) in the solar neighbourhood. The Q and U maps show patterns at large angular scales, which we relate to the mean orientation of the GMF towards Galactic coordinates (l0,b0) = (70° ± 5°,24° ± 5°). The histogram of the observed p values shows a wide dispersion up to 25%. The histogram of ψ has a standard deviation of 12° about the regular pattern expected from the ordered GMF. We build a phenomenological model that connects the distributions of p and ψ to a statistical description of the turbulent component of the GMF, assuming a uniform effective polarization fraction (p0) of dust emission. To compute the Stokes parameters, we approximate the integration along the line of sight (LOS) as a sum over a set of N independent polarization layers, in each of which the turbulent component of the GMF is obtained from Gaussian realizations of a power-law power spectrum. We are able to reproduce the observed p and ψ distributions using a p0 value of 26%, a ratio of 0.9 between the strengths of the turbulent and mean components of the GMF, and a small value of N. The mean value of p (inferred from the fit of the large-scale patterns in the Stokes maps) is 12 ± 1%. We relate the polarization layers to the density structure and to the correlation length of the GMF along the LOS. We emphasize the simplicity of our model (involving only a few parameters), which can be easily computed on the celestial sphere to produce simulated maps of dust polarization. Our work is an important step towards a model that can be used to assess the accuracy of component-separation methods in present and future CMB experiments designed to search the B mode CMB polarization from primordial gravity waves.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)polarizationmethods: data analysisdustextinctioncosmic background radiationISM: magnetic fieldsastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/83v0451vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt83v0451v/qt83v0451v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201628636articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a105oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4c37b2fx2026-04-30T20:40:22Zqt4c37b2fxPlanck intermediate resultsAdam, RAde, PARAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABersanelli, MBielewicz, PBikmaev, IBonaldi, ABond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurenin, RBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRChurazov, EColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCouchot, FCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDiego, JMDole, HDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XElsner, FEnßlin, TAFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EGaleotta, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHarrison, DLHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHornstrup, AHovest, WHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKhamitov, IKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeonardi, RLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLinden-Vørnle, MLópez-Caniego, MMacías-Pérez, JFMaffei, B2016-12-01Although infrared (IR) overall dust emission from clusters of galaxies has been statistically detected using data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), it has not been possible to sample the spectral energy distribution (SED) of this emission over its peak, and thus to break the degeneracy between dust temperature and mass. By complementing the IRAS spectral coverage with Planck satellite data from 100 to 857 GHz, we provide new constraints on the IR spectrum of thermal dust emission in clusters of galaxies. We achieve this by using a stacking approach for a sample of several hundred objects from the Planck cluster sample. This procedure averages out fluctuations from the IR sky, allowing us to reach a significant detection of the faint cluster contribution. We also use the large frequency range probed by Planck, together with component-separation techniques, to remove the contamination from both cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZ) signal, which dominate at ν ≤ 353 GHz. By excluding dominant spurious signals or systematic effects, averaged detections are reported at frequencies 353 GHz ≤ ν ≤ 5000 GHz. We confirm the presence of dust in clusters of galaxies at low and intermediate redshifts, yielding an SED with a shape similar to that of the Milky Way. Planck’s resolution does not allow us to investigate the detailed spatial distribution of this emission (e.g. whether it comes from intergalactic dust or simply the dust content of the cluster galaxies), but the radial distribution of the emission appears to follow that of the stacked SZ signal, and thus the extent of the clusters. The recovered SED allows us to constrain the dust mass responsible for the signal and its temperature.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)galaxies: clusters: intracluster mediumgalaxies: clusters: generaldiffuse radiationinfrared: generalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c37b2fxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4c37b2fx/qt4c37b2fx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201628522articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a104oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4jz8q3q42026-04-30T20:40:17Zqt4jz8q3q4Planck intermediate resultsAdam, RAde, PARAlves, MIRAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDolag, KDoré, ODucout, ADupac, XElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFerrière, KFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EGaleotta, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHarrison, DLHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHobson, MHornstrup, AHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeahy, JPLeonardi, RLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLinden-Vørnle, MLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, A2016-12-01Recent models for the large-scale Galactic magnetic fields in the literature have been largely constrained by synchrotron emission and Faraday rotation measures. We use three different but representative models to compare their predicted polarized synchrotron and dust emission with that measured by the Planck satellite. We first update these models to match the Planck synchrotron products using a common model for the cosmic-ray leptons. We discuss the impact on this analysis of the ongoing problems of component separation in the Planck microwave bands and of the uncertain cosmic-ray spectrum. In particular, the inferred degree of ordering in the magnetic fields is sensitive to these systematic uncertainties, and we further show the importance of considering the expected variations in the observables in addition to their mean morphology. We then compare the resulting simulated emission to the observed dust polarization and find that the dust predictions do not match the morphology in the Planck data but underpredict the dust polarization away from the plane. We modify one of the models to roughly match both observables at high latitudes by increasing the field ordering in the thin disc near the observer. Though this specific analysis is dependent on the component separation issues, we present the improved model as a proof of concept for how these studies can be advanced in future using complementary information from ongoing and planned observational projects.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ISM: generalISM: magnetic fieldspolarizationastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jz8q3q4https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jz8q3q4/qt4jz8q3q4.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201528033articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3xs4v69j2026-04-30T20:40:12Zqt3xs4v69jPlanck intermediate resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODucout, ADupac, XElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGiraud-Héraud, YGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHarrison, DLHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHornstrup, AHovest, WHurier, GJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKnoche, JKnox, LKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLähteenmäki, ALamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLeonardi, RLevrier, FLilje, PBLinden-Vørnle, MLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMacías-Pérez, JFMaffei, BMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMaris, MMartin, PG2016-12-01The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12σ, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Λ cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationscosmic background radiationpolarizationgravitational lensing: weakastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xs4v69jhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3xs4v69j/qt3xs4v69j.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201527932articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a102oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt687267852026-04-30T20:40:04Zqt68726785Metatranscriptomic evidence of pervasive and diverse chemolithoautotrophy relevant to C, S, N and Fe cycling in a shallow alluvial aquiferJewell, Talia NMKaraoz, UlasBrodie, Eoin LWilliams, Kenneth HBeller, Harry R2016-09-01Groundwater ecosystems are conventionally thought to be fueled by surface-derived allochthonous organic matter and dominated by heterotrophic microbes living under often-oligotrophic conditions. However, in a 2-month study of nitrate amendment to a perennially suboxic aquifer in Rifle (CO), strain-resolved metatranscriptomic analysis revealed pervasive and diverse chemolithoautotrophic bacterial activity relevant to C, S, N and Fe cycling. Before nitrate injection, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria accounted for 16% of overall microbial community gene expression, whereas during the nitrate injection, two other groups of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria collectively accounted for 80% of the metatranscriptome: (1) members of the Fe(II)-oxidizing Gallionellaceae family and (2) strains of the S-oxidizing species, Sulfurimonas denitrificans. Notably, the proportion of the metatranscriptome accounted for by these three groups was considerably greater than the proportion of the metagenome coverage that they represented. Transcriptional analysis revealed some unexpected metabolic couplings, in particular, putative nitrate-dependent Fe(II) and S oxidation among nominally microaerophilic Gallionellaceae strains, including expression of periplasmic (NapAB) and membrane-bound (NarGHI) nitrate reductases. The three most active groups of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria in this study had overlapping metabolisms that allowed them to occupy different yet related metabolic niches throughout the study. Overall, these results highlight the important role that chemolithoautotrophy can have in aquifer biogeochemical cycling, a finding that has broad implications for understanding terrestrial carbon cycling and is supported by recent studies of geochemically diverse aquifers.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Carbon (mesh)Chemoautotrophic Growth (mesh)Epsilonproteobacteria (mesh)Gallionellaceae (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Iron (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Nitrates (mesh)Nitrogen (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Sulfur (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Gallionellaceae (mesh)Epsilonproteobacteria (mesh)Nitrates (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Sulfur (mesh)Iron (mesh)Nitrogen (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Chemoautotrophic Growth (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Chemoautotrophic Growth (mesh)Epsilonproteobacteria (mesh)Gallionellaceae (mesh)Groundwater (mesh)Iron (mesh)Metagenome (mesh)Nitrates (mesh)Nitrogen (mesh)Oxidation-Reduction (mesh)Sulfur (mesh)Transcriptome (mesh)05 Environmental Sciences (for)06 Biological Sciences (for)10 Technology (for)Microbiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68726785https://escholarship.org/content/qt68726785/qt68726785.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/ismej.2016.25articleThe ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, vol 10, iss 92106 - 2117oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rg6g9872026-04-30T20:39:59Zqt5rg6g987Planck intermediate resultsAkrami, YAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBucher, MBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChiang, HCColombo, LPLComis, BCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODucout, ADupac, XElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFinelli, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHivon, EJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLellouch, ELevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, NMcEwen, JDMelchiorri, A2017-11-01Measurements of flux density are described for five planets, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, across the six Planck High Frequency Instrument frequency bands (100–857 GHz) and these are then compared with models and existing data. In our analysis, we have also included estimates of the brightness of Jupiter and Saturn at the three frequencies of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (30, 44, and 70 GHz). The results provide constraints on the intrinsic brightness and the brightness time-variability of these planets. The majority of the planet flux density estimates are limited by systematic errors, but still yield better than 1% measurements in many cases. Applying data from Planck HFI, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) to a model that incorporates contributions from Saturn’s rings to the planet’s total flux density suggests a best fit value for the spectral index of Saturn’s ring system of β ring = 2.30 ± 0.03 over the 30–1000 GHz frequency range. Estimates of the polarization amplitude of the planets have also been made in the four bands that have polarization-sensitive detectors (100–353 GHz); this analysis provides a 95% confidence level upper limit on Mars’s polarization of 1.8, 1.7, 1.2, and 1.7% at 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, respectively. The average ratio between the Planck -HFI measurements and the adopted model predictions for all five planets (excluding Jupiter observations for 353 GHz) is 1.004, 1.002, 1.021, and 1.033 for 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, respectively. Model predictions for planet thermodynamic temperatures are therefore consistent with the absolute calibration of Planck -HFI detectors at about the three-percent level. We compare our measurements with published results from recent cosmic microwave background experiments. In particular, we observe that the flux densities measured by Planck HFI and WMAP agree to within 2%. These results allow experiments operating in the mm-wavelength range to cross-calibrate against Planck and improve models of radiative transport used in planetary science.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)cosmic background radiationcosmology: observationsplanets and satellites: generalastro-ph.EPastro-ph.EPastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rg6g987https://escholarship.org/content/qt5rg6g987/qt5rg6g987.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201630311articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 607a122oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3k01m74d2026-04-30T20:39:54Zqt3k01m74dRate and mechanism of the photoreduction of birnessite (MnO2) nanosheetsMarafatto, Francesco FemiStrader, Matthew LGonzalez-Holguera, JuliaSchwartzberg, AdamGilbert, BenjaminPeña, Jasquelin2015-04-14The photoreductive dissolution of Mn(IV) oxide minerals in sunlit aquatic environments couples the Mn cycle to the oxidation of organic matter and fate of trace elements associated with Mn oxides, but the intrinsic rate and mechanism of mineral dissolution in the absence of organic electron donors is unknown. We investigated the photoreduction of δ-MnO2 nanosheets at pH 6.5 with Na or Ca as the interlayer cation under 400-nm light irradiation and quantified the yield and timescales of Mn(III) production. Our study of transient intermediate states using time-resolved optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed key roles for chemically distinct Mn(III) species. The reaction pathway involves (i) formation of Jahn-Teller distorted Mn(III) sites in the octahedral sheet within 0.6 ps of photoexcitation; (ii) Mn(III) migration into the interlayer within 600 ps; and (iii) increased nanosheet stacking. We propose that irreversible Mn reduction is coupled to hole-scavenging by surface water molecules or hydroxyl groups, with associated radical formation. This work demonstrates the importance of direct MnO2 photoreduction in environmental processes and provides a framework to test new hypotheses regarding the role of organic molecules and metal species in photochemical reactions with Mn oxide phases. The timescales for the production and evolution of Mn(III) species and a catalytic role for interlayer Ca(2+) identified here from spectroscopic measurements can also guide the design of efficient Mn-based catalysts for water oxidation.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)manganese oxidephotoreductionband-gap excitationpump-probe spectroscopywater oxidationband-gap excitationmanganese oxidephotoreductionpump–probe spectroscopywater oxidationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k01m74dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3k01m74d/qt3k01m74d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.1421018112articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 112, iss 154600 - 4605oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5sx749qn2026-04-30T20:39:45Zqt5sx749qnHigh-Performance Computing in Neuroscience for Data-Driven Discovery, Integration, and DisseminationBouchard, Kristofer EAimone, James BChun, MiyoungDean, ThomasDenker, MichaelDiesmann, MarkusDonofrio, David DFrank, Loren MKasthuri, NarayananKoch, ChirstofRuebel, OliverSimon, Horst DSommer, Friedrich TPrabhat2016-11-01Opportunities offered by new neuro-technologies are threatened by lack of coherent plans to analyze, manage, and understand the data. High-performance computing will allow exploratory analysis of massive datasets stored in standardized formats, hosted in open repositories, and integrated with simulations.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Computing Methodologies (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Information Systems (mesh)Neurosciences (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Neurosciences (mesh)Computing Methodologies (mesh)Information Systems (mesh)Computing Methodologies (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Information Systems (mesh)Neurosciences (mesh)1109 Neurosciences (for)1701 Psychology (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)5202 Biological psychology (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sx749qninfo:doi/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.035articleNeuron, vol 92, iss 3628 - 631oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5nx4d29j2026-04-30T20:39:40Zqt5nx4d29jThe Microtubule Binding Properties of CENP-E's C-Terminus and CENP-FMusinipally, VivekHowes, StuartAlushin, Gregory MNogales, Eva2013-11-01CENP-E (centromere protein E) and CENP-F (centromere protein F), also known as mitosin, are large, multi-functional proteins associated with the outer kinetochore. CENP-E features a well-characterized kinesin motor domain at its N-terminus and a second microtubule-binding domain at its C-terminus of unknown function. CENP-F is important for the formation of proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment and, similar to CENP-E, contains two microtubule-binding domains at its termini. While the importance of these proteins is known, the details of their interactions with microtubules have not yet been investigated. We have biochemically and structurally characterized the microtubule-binding properties of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains of CENP-F as well as the carboxyl-terminal (non-kinesin) domain of CENP-E. CENP-E's C-terminus and CENP-F's N-terminus bind microtubules with similar affinity to the well-characterized Ndc80 complex, while CENP-F's C-terminus shows much lower affinity. Electron microscopy analysis reveals that all of these domains engage the microtubule surface in a disordered manner, suggesting that these factors have no favored binding geometry and may allow for initial side-on attachments early in mitosis.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Genetics (rcdc)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)Chromosomal ProteinsNon-Histone (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Microfilament Proteins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)kinetochoremitosisMAPscoiled coilelectron microscopyMicrotubules (mesh)Microfilament Proteins (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Chromosomal ProteinsNon-Histone (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)BSACENP-ECENP-FEDTAEMMAPMAPsRCFbovine serum albumincentromere protein Ecentromere protein Fcoiled coilelectron microscopyethylenediaminetetraacetic acidkinetochoremicrotubule-associated proteinmitosisrelative centrifugal forceChromosomal ProteinsNon-Histone (mesh)Kinetics (mesh)Microfilament Proteins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)0304 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry (for)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0605 Microbiology (for)Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3107 Microbiology (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nx4d29jinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jmb.2013.07.027articleJournal of Molecular Biology, vol 425, iss 224427 - 4441oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3mw6x8t32026-04-30T20:39:36Zqt3mw6x8t3Effects of tubulin acetylation and tubulin acetyltransferase binding on microtubule structureHowes, Stuart CAlushin, Gregory MShida, ToshinobuNachury, Maxence VNogales, EvaZheng, Yixian2014-01-15Tubulin undergoes posttranslational modifications proposed to specify microtubule subpopulations for particular functions. Most of these modifications occur on the C-termini of tubulin and may directly affect the binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or motors. Acetylation of Lys-40 on α-tubulin is unique in that it is located on the luminal surface of microtubules, away from the interaction sites of most MAPs and motors. We investigate whether acetylation alters the architecture of microtubules or the conformation of tubulin, using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). No significant changes are observed based on protofilament distributions or microtubule helical lattice parameters. Furthermore, no clear differences in tubulin structure are detected between cryo-EM reconstructions of maximally deacetylated or acetylated microtubules. Our results indicate that the effect of acetylation must be highly localized and affect interaction with proteins that bind directly to the lumen of the microtubule. We also investigate the interaction of the tubulin acetyltransferase, αTAT1, with microtubules and find that αTAT1 is able to interact with the outside of the microtubule, at least partly through the tubulin C-termini. Binding to the outside surface of the microtubule could facilitate access of αTAT1 to its luminal site of action if microtubules undergo lateral opening between protofilaments.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Acetylation (mesh)Acetyltransferases (mesh)Animals (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Kinesins (mesh)Microtubule-Associated Proteins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein ProcessingPost-Translational (mesh)Swine (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Animals (mesh)Swine (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Acetyltransferases (mesh)Microtubule-Associated Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Protein ProcessingPost-Translational (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Acetylation (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Kinesins (mesh)Acetylation (mesh)Acetyltransferases (mesh)Animals (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)Escherichia coli (mesh)Kinesins (mesh)Microtubule-Associated Proteins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)ModelsMolecular (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformation (mesh)Protein ProcessingPost-Translational (mesh)Swine (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mw6x8t3https://escholarship.org/content/qt3mw6x8t3/qt3mw6x8t3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0387articleMolecular Biology of the Cell, vol 25, iss 2257 - 266oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9sj6m4hc2026-04-30T20:39:32Zqt9sj6m4hcNear-atomic cryo-EM structure of PRC1 bound to the microtubuleKellogg, Elizabeth HHowes, StuartTi, Shih-ChiehRamírez-Aportela, ErneyKapoor, Tarun MChacón, PabloNogales, Eva2016-08-23Proteins that associate with microtubules (MTs) are crucial to generate MT arrays and establish different cellular architectures. One example is PRC1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1), which cross-links antiparallel MTs and is essential for the completion of mitosis and cytokinesis. Here we describe a 4-Å-resolution cryo-EM structure of monomeric PRC1 bound to MTs. Residues in the spectrin domain of PRC1 contacting the MT are highly conserved and interact with the same pocket recognized by kinesin. We additionally found that PRC1 promotes MT assembly even in the presence of the MT stabilizer taxol. Interestingly, the angle of the spectrin domain on the MT surface corresponds to the previously observed cross-bridge angle between MTs cross-linked by full-length, dimeric PRC1. This finding, together with molecular dynamic simulations describing the intrinsic flexibility of PRC1, suggests that the MT-spectrin domain interface determines the geometry of the MT arrays cross-linked by PRC1.3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Amino Acid Motifs (mesh)Animals (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Cell Cycle Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Humans (mesh)Kinesins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Molecular Dynamics Simulation (mesh)Paclitaxel (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformationalpha-Helical (mesh)Protein Conformationbeta-Strand (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Protein Subunits (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Swine (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Tubulin Modulators (mesh)PRC1microtubulescryo-EMMAPscytoskeletonMicrotubules (mesh)Animals (mesh)Swine (mesh)Humans (mesh)Paclitaxel (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Cell Cycle Proteins (mesh)Protein Subunits (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Amino Acid Motifs (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Tubulin Modulators (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Molecular Dynamics Simulation (mesh)Protein Conformationalpha-Helical (mesh)Protein Conformationbeta-Strand (mesh)Kinesins (mesh)MAPsPRC1cryo-EMcytoskeletonmicrotubulesAmino Acid Motifs (mesh)Animals (mesh)Binding Sites (mesh)Cell Cycle Proteins (mesh)Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh)CrystallographyX-Ray (mesh)Gene Expression (mesh)Humans (mesh)Kinesins (mesh)Microtubules (mesh)Molecular Dynamics Simulation (mesh)Paclitaxel (mesh)Protein Binding (mesh)Protein Conformationalpha-Helical (mesh)Protein Conformationbeta-Strand (mesh)Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs (mesh)Protein Multimerization (mesh)Protein Subunits (mesh)Recombinant Proteins (mesh)Swine (mesh)Tubulin (mesh)Tubulin Modulators (mesh)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sj6m4hcinfo:doi/10.1073/pnas.1609903113articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 113, iss 349430 - 9439oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0zb163gk2026-04-30T20:39:25Zqt0zb163gkSnowmass 2013 Computing Frontier: Accelerator ScienceSpentzouris, PCormier-Michel, EJoshi, CAmundson, JAn, WBruhwiler, DLCary, JRCowan, BDecyk, VKEsarey, EFonseca, RAFriedman, AGeddes, CGRGrote, DPKourbanis, ILeemans, WPLu, WMori, WBNg, CQiang, JiRoberts, TRyne, RDSchroeder, CBSilva, LOTsung, FSVay, J-LVieira, J2013-10-08This is the working summary of the Accelerator Science working group of the
Computing Frontier of the Snowmass meeting 2013. It summarizes the computing
requirements to support accelerator technology in both Energy and Intensity
Frontiers.physics.acc-phphysics.acc-phapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zb163gkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0zb163gk/qt0zb163gk.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8kv5d5q52026-04-30T20:39:20Zqt8kv5d5q5Planck intermediate resultsAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChiang, HCColombo, LPLComis, BCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XDusini, SElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGiraud-Héraud, YGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHelou, GHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKisner, TSKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLanger, MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLilje, PBLilley, MLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMangilli, AMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, N2016-12-01Using the Planck 2015 data release (PR2) temperature maps, we separate Galactic thermal dust emission from cosmic infrared background (CIB) anisotropies. For this purpose, we implement a specifically tailored component-separation method, the so-called generalized needlet internal linear combination (GNILC) method, which uses spatial information (the angular powerspectra) to disentangle the Galactic dust emission and CIB anisotropies. We produce significantly improved all-sky maps of Planck thermal dust emission, with reduced CIB contamination, at 353, 545, and 857 GHz. By reducing the CIB contamination of the thermal dust maps, we provide more accurate estimates of the local dust temperature and dust spectral index over the sky with reduced dispersion, especially at high Galactic latitudes above b = ±20°. We find that the dust temperature is T = (19.4 ± 1.3) K and the dust spectral index is β = 1.6 ± 0.1 averaged over the whole sky, while T = (19.4 ± 1.5) K and β = 1.6 ± 0.2 on 21% of the sky at high latitudes. Moreover, subtracting the new CIB-removed thermal dust maps from the CMB-removed Planck maps gives access to the CIB anisotropies over 60% of the sky at Galactic latitudes |b| > 20°. Because they are a significant improvement over previous Planck products, the GNILC maps are recommended for thermal dust science. The new CIB maps can be regarded as indirect tracers of the dark matter and they are recommended for exploring cross-correlations with lensing and large-scale structure optical surveys. The reconstructed GNILC thermal dust and CIB maps are delivered as Planck products.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationsmethods: data analysisISM: generaldustextinctioninfrared: diffuse backgroundlarge-scale structure of Universeastro-ph.COastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kv5d5q5https://escholarship.org/content/qt8kv5d5q5/qt8kv5d5q5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201629022articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a109oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0353p5pd2026-04-30T20:39:15Zqt0353p5pdPlanck intermediate resultsAghanim, NAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChiang, HCColombo, LPLComis, BContreras, DCouchot, FCoulais, ACrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDésert, F-XDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODucout, ADupac, XDusini, SElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFantaye, YFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGiraud-Héraud, YGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEHansen, FKHenrot-Versillé, SHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLanger, MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLeahy, JPLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, GMaino, DMandolesi, NMaris, MMartin, PGMartínez-González, EMatarrese, SMauri, NMcEwen, JDMeinhold, PRMelchiorri, AMennella, A2016-12-01Parity-violating extensions of the standard electromagnetic theory cause in vacuo rotation of the plane of polarization of propagating photons. This effect, also known as cosmic birefringence, has an impact on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy angular power spectra, producing non-vanishing T–B and E–B correlations that are otherwise null when parity is a symmetry. Here we present new constraints on an isotropic rotation, parametrized by the angle α, derived from Planck 2015 CMB polarization data. To increase the robustness of our analyses, we employ two complementary approaches, in harmonic space and in map space, the latter based on a peak stacking technique. The two approaches provide estimates for α that are in agreement within statistical uncertainties and are very stable against several consistency tests.Considering the T–B and E–B information jointly, we find α = 0 .̊ 31 ± 0 .̊ 05 (stat.) ± 0 .̊ 28 (syst.) from the harmonic analysis and α = 0 .̊ 35 ± 0 .̊ 05 (stat.) ± 0 .̊ 28 (syst.) from the stacking approach. These constraints are compatible with no parity violation and are dominated by the systematic uncertainty in the orientation of Planck’s polarization-sensitive bolometers.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmology: observationscosmic background radiationcosmological parametersmethods: data analysismethods: statisticalastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0353p5pdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0353p5pd/qt0353p5pd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201629018articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 596a110oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt19s2s2nr2026-04-30T20:39:11Zqt19s2s2nrPlanck intermediate resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAlves, MIRAniano, GArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRClements, DLColombi, SColombo, LPLCouchot, FCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDraine, BTDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGuillet, VHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHolmes, WAHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-M2016-02-01We present all-sky modelling of the high resolution Planck, IRAS, and WISE infrared (IR) observations using the physical dust model presented by Draine & Li in 2007 (DL, ApJ, 657, 810). We study the performance and results of this model, and discuss implications for future dust modelling. The present work extends the DL dust modelling carried out on nearby galaxies using Herschel and Spitzer data to Galactic dust emission. We employ the DL dust model to generate maps of the dust mass surface density ΣMd, the dust optical extinction AV, and the starlight intensity heating the bulk of the dust, parametrized by Umin. The DL model reproduces the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) satisfactorily over most of the sky, with small deviations in the inner Galactic disk and in low ecliptic latitude areas, presumably due to zodiacal light contamination. In the Andromeda galaxy (M31), the present dust mass estimates agree remarkably well (within 10%) with DL estimates based on independent Spitzer and Herschel data. We compare the DL optical extinction AV for the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) with optical estimates for approximately 2 × 105 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) observed inthe Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The DL AV estimates are larger than those determined towards QSOs by a factor of about 2, which depends on Umin. The DL fitting parameter Umin, effectively determined by the wavelength where the SED peaks, appears to trace variations in the far-IR opacity of the dust grains per unit AV, and not only in the starlight intensity. These results show that some of the physical assumptions of the DL model will need to be revised. To circumvent the model deficiency, we propose an empirical renormalization of the DL AV estimate, dependent of Umin, which compensates for the systematic differences found with QSO observations. This renormalization, made to match the AV estimates towards QSOs, also brings into agreement the DL AV estimates with those derived for molecular clouds from the near-IR colours of stars in the 2 micron all sky survey (2MASS). The DL model and the QSOs data are also used to compress the spectral information in the Planck and IRAS observations for the diffuse ISM to a family of 20 SEDs normalized per AV, parameterized by Umin, which may be used to test and empirically calibrate dust models. The family of SEDs and the maps generated with the DL model are made public in the Planck Legacy Archive.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)dustextinctionISM: generalastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/19s2s2nrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt19s2s2nr/qt19s2s2nr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201424945articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 586a132oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51d7b1xr2026-04-30T20:39:05Zqt51d7b1xrPlanck intermediate resultsAdam, RAde, PARAghanim, NAlves, MIRArnaud, MArzoumanian, DAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBracco, ABurigana, CButler, RCCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRColombi, SColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFerrière, KFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGuillet, VHansen, FKHanson, DHarrison, DLHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHobson, MHolmes, WAHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, J2016-02-01The role of the magnetic field in the formation of the filamentary structures observed in the interstellar medium (ISM) is a debated topic owing to the paucity of relevant observations needed to test existing models. The Planck all-sky maps of linearly polarized emission from dust at 353 GHz provide the required combination of imaging and statistics to study the correlation between the structures of the Galactic magnetic field and of interstellar matter over the whole sky, both in the diffuse ISM and in molecular clouds. The data reveal that structures, or ridges, in the intensity map have counterparts in the Stokes Q and/or U maps. We focus our study on structures at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes, which cover two orders of magnitude in column density, from 1020 to 1022 cm-2. We measure the magnetic field orientation on the plane ofthe sky from the polarization data, and present an algorithm to estimate the orientation of the ridges from the dust intensity map. We use analytical models to account for projection effects. Comparing polarization angles on and off the structures, we estimate the mean ratio between the strengths of the turbulent and mean components of the magnetic field to be between 0.6 and 1.0, with a preferred value of 0.8. We find that the ridges are usually aligned with the magnetic field measured on the structures. This statistical trend becomes more striking for increasing polarization fraction and decreasing column density. There is no alignment for the highest column density ridges. We interpret the increase in alignment with polarization fraction as a consequence of projection effects. We present maps to show that the decrease in alignment for high column density is not due to a loss of correlation between the distribution of matter and the geometry of the magnetic field. In molecular complexes, we also observe structures perpendicular to the magnetic field, which, statistically, cannot be accounted for by projection effects. This first statistical study of the relative orientation between the matter structures and the magnetic field in the ISM points out that, at the angular scales probed by Planck, the field geometry projected on the plane of the sky is correlated with the distribution of matter. In the diffuse ISM, the structures of matter are usually aligned with the magnetic field, while perpendicular structures appear in molecular clouds. We discuss our results in the context of models and MHD simulations, which attempt to describe the respective roles of turbulence, magnetic field, and self-gravity in the formation of structures in the magnetized ISM.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ISM: cloudsISM: magnetic fieldsISM: structuremagnetohydrodynamics (MHD)polarizationturbulenceastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51d7b1xrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt51d7b1xr/qt51d7b1xr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201425044articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 586a135oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8845c5wn2026-04-30T20:39:00Zqt8845c5wnPlanck intermediate resultsAde, PARAghanim, NAlves, MIRArnaud, MArzoumanian, DAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoît, ABenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBracco, ABurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChiang, HCChristensen, PRColombo, LPLCombet, CCouchot, FCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDickinson, CDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalceta-Gonçalves, DFalgarone, EFerrière, KFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrejsel, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGhosh, TGiard, MGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGregorio, AGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEGuillet, VHarrison, DLHelou, GHennebelle, PHenrot-Versillé, SHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHolmes, WAHornstrup, AHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, AHJaffe, TRJones, WCJuvela, MKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKisner, TSKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, G2016-02-01Within ten nearby (d < 450 pc) Gould belt molecular clouds we evaluate statistically the relative orientation between the magnetic field projected on the plane of sky, inferred from the polarized thermal emission of Galactic dust observed by Planck at 353 GHz, and the gas column density structures, quantified by the gradient of the column density, NH. The selected regions, covering several degrees in size, are analysed at an effective angular resolution of 10′ FWHM, thus sampling physical scales from 0.4 to 40 pc in the nearest cloud. The column densities in the selected regions range from NH≈ 1021 to1023 cm-2, and hence they correspond to the bulk of the molecular clouds. The relative orientation is evaluated pixel by pixel and analysed in bins of column density using the novel statistical tool called “histogram of relative orientations”. Throughout this study, we assume that the polarized emission observed by Planck at 353 GHz is representative of the projected morphology of the magnetic field in each region, i.e., we assume a constant dust grain alignment efficiency, independent of the local environment. Within most clouds we find that the relative orientation changes progressively with increasing NH, from mostly parallel or having no preferred orientation to mostly perpendicular. In simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in molecular clouds this trend in relative orientation is a signature of Alfvénic or sub-Alfvénic turbulence, implying that the magnetic field is significant for the gas dynamics at the scales probed by Planck. We compare the deduced magnetic field strength with estimates we obtain from other methods and discuss the implications of the Planck observations for the general picture of molecular cloud formation and evolution.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ISM: generalISM: magnetic fieldsISM: cloudsdustextinctionsubmillimeter: ISMinfrared: ISMastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8845c5wnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8845c5wn/qt8845c5wn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201525896articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 586a138oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5621d6952026-04-30T20:38:55Zqt5621d695Planck intermediate resultsAde, PARAghanim, NArnaud, MAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBarrena, RBartolo, NBattaner, EBenabed, KBenoit-Lévy, ABernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBikmaev, IBöhringer, HBonaldi, ABonavera, LBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBurenin, RBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCatalano, AChamballu, AChary, R-RChiang, HCChon, GChristensen, PRClements, DLColombo, LPLCombet, CComis, BCrill, BPCurto, ACuttaia, FDahle, HDanese, LDavies, RDDavis, RJde Bernardis, Pde Rosa, Ade Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDiego, JMDole, HDonzelli, SDoré, ODouspis, MDupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFerragamo, AFinelli, FForni, OFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFromenteau, SGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGiard, MGjerløw, EGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGruppuso, AHansen, FKHarrison, DLHempel, AHernández-Monteagudo, CHerranz, DHildebrandt, SRHivon, EHornstrup, AHovest, WHuffenberger, KMHurier, GJaffe, TRKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKhamitov, IKisner, TSKneissl, RKnoche, JKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLeonardi, RLeón-Tavares, J2016-02-01We present the results of approximately three years of observations of Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) sources with telescopes at the Canary Islands observatories as part of the general optical follow-up programme undertaken by the Planck Collaboration. In total, 78 SZ sources are discussed. Deep-imaging observations were obtained for most of these sources; spectroscopic observations in either in long-slit or multi-object modes were obtained for many. We effectively used 37.5 clear nights. We found optical counterparts for 73 of the 78 candidates. This sample includes 53 spectroscopic redshift determinations, 20 of them obtained with a multi-object spectroscopic mode. The sample contains new redshifts for 27 Planck clusters that were not included in the first Planck SZ source catalogue (PSZ1).5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)large-scale structure of Universegalaxies: clusters: generalcatalogsastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5621d695https://escholarship.org/content/qt5621d695/qt5621d695.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201526345articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 586a139oai_dc::500:553377:eyJmaXJzdCI6NTAwLCJiZWZvcmUiOiIyMDI2LTA1LTAxVDA3OjEzOjUzKzAwOjAwIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIyMDExLTAzLTE4VDE0OjMyOjQyKzAwOjAwIiwiaW5jbHVkZSI6WyJQVUJMSVNIRUQiLCJFTUJBUkdPRUQiXSwib3JkZXIiOiJVUERBVEVEX0RFU0MiLCJsYXN0SUQiOiJxdDU2MjFkNjk1IiwibGFzdERhdGUiOiIyMDI2LTA0LTMwVDIwOjM4OjU1KzAwOjAwIn0