2024-03-29T14:25:33Zhttps://escholarship.org/oaioai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1vj8v86j2019-05-29T16:22:36Zqt1vj8v86jThe World Bank and social capital: Lessons from ten rural development projects in the Philippines and MexicoFox, Jonathan A2000-12-01Social capital is widely recognized as one of the few sources of capital available to the poor, yet the processes by which development policies a¡ect the accumulation of that social capital are not well understood. TheWorld Bank, through its funding of development projects, affects the institutional environments for the accumulation of such social capital. The question is how to determine whether that institutional context is enabling, and to what degree. This paper compares ten recent World Bank-funded rural development projects in Mexico and the Philippines to explore how the processes of project design and implementation in£uence the institutional environments for the accumulation of horizontal, vertical, and intersectoral forms of pro-poor social capital. The findings have conceptual and policy implications for understanding the political dynamics of creating enabling environments for social capital accumulation by the poor.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vj8v86jpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8fc2c0262014-07-11T16:58:51Zqt8fc2c026Essays on India’s Economy: Growth and InnovationSingh, Nirvikar2014-07-01This is a collection of essays written for the Financial Express, an Indian financial daily. The common themes of these essays, which cover a period of almost four years, from August 2010 to June 2014, are issues of growth and innovation in India, considered in two sequential parts, each part ordered chronologically. Topics considered in the first part include the quality and limits of economic growth, rights and other aspects of well-being, spatial dimensions, and drivers of growth. The second part examines innovation in the context of manufacturing, education, information technology, management and tax incentives.inclusive growthvirtuous growthinnovationventure capitalmanagementmanufacturinginformation technologyeducationskillingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fc2c026publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1jm9h5332014-07-11T16:55:16Zqt1jm9h533Essays on India’s Economy: Perspectives on Policy ReformSingh, Nirvikar2014-07-01This is a collection of essays written for the Financial Express, an Indian financial daily. The common theme of these essays, which cover a period of almost four years, from June 2010 to March 2014, is the India’s struggles with economic policy reform. The essays are organized into several broad topical groupings, and chronologically within each section. The first section considers overall development goals, followed by a group of essays on foreign investment in retailing, financial inclusion and tax reform. This is followed by a section on macroeconomics and international finance, including several discussions of inflation policy and exchange rate policy. Two short sections discuss aspects of the corporate sector and job creation. The last section covers several topics: water, food, intergovernmental transfers and rural road construction.competitivenessdevelopmenteconomic opportunityfinancial inclusiontax reforminflationcapital flowswater resourcesfood policyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jm9h533publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1943q4mw2014-07-01T19:52:13Zqt1943q4mwEssays on India in a Global Context Singh, Nirvikar2014-06-01This is a collection of essays written for the Financial Express, an Indian financial daily. The common theme of these essays, which cover a period of almost four years, from October 2010 to May 2014, is the issue of how India is finding its place in the world, after a history of colonization and post-colonial suspicions. The essays discuss rebalancing the world economy, the G20 and India’s place in that newish grouping, foreign policy and comparisons to the US, China and Russia, cultural and financial impacts of globalization, and the role of India’s diaspora. The concluding essay considers some global positioning options, good and bad, for India’s new government. Indiaforeign policyChinaUnited StatesG20diasporaglobalizationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1943q4mwpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2669k2ww2014-06-25T19:39:48Zqt2669k2wwEssays on India’s Political Economy Singh, Nirvikar2014-06-01This is a collection of essays written for the Financial Express, an Indian financial daily. The common theme of these essays, which cover a period of almost four years, from September 2010 to June 2014, is the issue of governance in India, and how politics combines with societal and institutional structures to shape the quality of governance. The essays discuss corruption, citizenship, effective delivery of public goods and services, taxation and the evolution of democracy at different levels of the Indian polity. The collection begins with the corruption surrounding the Commonwealth Games, and ends with the implications of India’s recent, potentially path-breaking general election. Indiagovernancecorruptionleadershipelectionsdemocracypoliticsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2669k2wwpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4pw6j9s12014-04-02T15:31:01Zqt4pw6j9s1Reform or Radicalism: Left Social Movements from the Battle of Seattle to Occupy Wall StreetRowe, James KCarroll, Myles2014-03-01We examine two recent cases of relative Left success—the Battle of Seattle and Occupy Wall Street—and argue that in each case an effective dynamism between radical and reform wings drove gains. This analysis is not meant to deny political difference and hawk false unity. Instead we want to challenge the luxury of mutual dismissal with the actually existing benefits of movement dynamism. By dynamism we mean contributions arising from different activist wings and productively interacting to increase overall movement power. Our ultimate claim is that the North American Left will yield greater success by becoming more self-conscious about the concrete benefits of movement dynamism.ReformRevolutionBattle of SeattleOccupy Wall StreetSocial MovementsLeft politicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pw6j9s1publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9tr2f4jg2013-04-11T16:49:29Zqt9tr2f4jgLessons from action-research partnerships: LASA/Oxfam America 2004 Martin Diskin Memorial LectureFox, Jonathan A2006-02-01I am very grateful to the Latin American Studies Association (LASA) for sharing this great honour with me. Martin Diskin was first my teacher and mentor, then a research and teaching colleague, and always a friend. Not so long ago, I was thinking about Martin a great deal as I read his brother Saul’s moving memoir (Diskin 2001). Here one can learn what it takes to face the life-threatening illness that was looming behind Martin’s smile for so many years, unbeknown to all but family. Like so many defenders of human rights, he sustained an intense commitment to justice for all, in spite of an ever-present arbitrary threat to his own existence.I’d like to begin by recognising some of the many different ways of bridging scholarly and activist commitments. Martin’s own trajectory reflected many of them, including his deep commitment to teaching (outside as well as inside the university), his behind-the-scenes contribution to building progressive organisations for the long haul (as reflected in his service to Oxfam America), not to mention media work, fundraising, as well as creating free spaces within the university itself.Here, I’ll focus on some of the lessons that emerge from one specific approach to bridging activism and scholarship – the collaborative research partnership between scholars and activists. I will try to get to the point – without being ‘merely academic’ – by framing my points in the form of ten propositions for discussion. What these lessons share is a focus on recognising difference in order to bring people together.Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tr2f4jgpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28s3m4nk2013-04-11T16:46:47Zqt28s3m4nkControl y supervision de la banca multilateral de desarrollofox, jonathan1997-04-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/28s3m4nkarticleEconomia Informavol 0, iss 256, 29-33oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt45q0w8rg2013-04-11T16:46:32Zqt45q0w8rgExplaining the Appeal of Islamic RadicalsRichards, Alan2002-12-10Why do “Islamic radicals”—including the partisans of al-Qaeda and other followers of Osama bin Laden--enjoy so much sympathyin the Middle East and the wider Muslim world? Understandingsuch a phenomenon is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for crafting a strategy to cope with the murderous violence of September 11, 2001.This GLOBAL POLICY BRIEF explores these socioeconomic roots of Islamic radicalism:- The multidimensional crisis of the Muslim world- The rage of the young, a majority of the population in the Middle East, faced with poor prospects- Increasing poverty and collapsing cities- Failures of governmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/45q0w8rgpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7hn677222013-04-11T16:42:32Zqt7hn67722The Coming Environmental Crisis in the Middle East: A Historical Perspective, 1750-2000 CEBurke, Edmund2005-01-01This essay argues that the Middle Eastern environment, with its legacy of squandered water resources, deforestation and pollution of all kinds, reveals a distilled essence of the coming environmental crisis of the planet. This is so because of the evident vulnerability of Middle Eastern semi-arid and arid landscapes. The essay examines the transformation of the regional environment over the period 1750-2000 CE. It considers modern human impacts in three broad ecological zones: the Middle East of the river valleys (where we survey the role of engineers in major water management projects), the Mediterranean zone of dryfarming (where we examine the imposition of the California model of irrigation in Morocco), and the pastoral rangelands (where we evaluate the impact of scientific range management in the Maghreb). In the course of this survey, we come to understand that modernity was an outgrowth of a deeply rooted Eurasian development project. Ottoman reformers did not need the authorization of the West to adopt the fruits of this dimension of the developmentalist project, since they already internalized it from the start. Colonial policies toward the environment differed little from those adopted by indigenous modernizing elites. We conclude that from an environmental perspective, the history of the Middle East reveals an underlying continuity between the pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods, despite the undoubted massive environmental transformations introduced since 1800.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hn67722monographoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8913q46m2012-12-20T20:50:35Zqt8913q46mState Power and Clientelism: Eight Propositions for DiscussionFox, Jonathan A.Hilgers, Tina2012-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8913q46mpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1x05031j2012-12-17T22:41:10Zqt1x05031jCoalitions and networksFox, Jonathan A2010-01-01Coalitions are partnerships among distinct actors that coordinate action in pursuit of shared goals. But what distinguishes them from other kinds of partnerships? The term is widely used to describe joint ventures in a wide range of arenas, most notably in international geopolitics or political party competition and governance. The literature on coalitions is dominated by discussions of war and peace, election campaigns, and parliamentary dynamics. Just as in war or politics, successful collective action in civil society often depends on the formation and survival of coalitions – insofar as the whole is often greater than the sum of the parts.Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x05031jpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0915j5fd2012-04-02T19:48:48Zqt0915j5fdCommunityOrganizedHouseholdWaterIncreasesNot Only Rural incomes, but AlsoMen’sWorkCorw, BenSwallow, BrentAsamba, Isabella2012-03-01This paper explores community-organized, household water supply in seven communities in western Kenya. We compare water use, labor use, income and the conditions for collective action in three sets of communities: two have protected springs and piped homestead connections; two have protected springs but no homestead connection; and three draw potentially contaminated water from unprotected springs. We find that piped water reduces the work of women and girls, and facilitates home garden and livestock production. Together these changes lead to increased household incomes. Women recognize clear time-benefits. Men, however, experience extra work. No overall pattern emerges regarding the preconditions for collective action. gendercollective actionwater managementimpact assessmentLake VIctoriakenyaapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0915j5fdarticleWorld Developmentvol 40, iss 3, 528-541oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4xh4c7q42012-03-08T00:00:58Zqt4xh4c7q4Access to water in a Nairobi slum: women's work and institutional learningCrow, BenOdaba, Edmond2010-12-01This paper describes the ways that households, and particularly women, experience water scarcity in a large informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, through heavy expenditures of time and money, considerable investments in water storage and routinized sequences of defer red household tasks. It then delineates three phases of adaptive water and social engineering undertaken in several informal settlements by the Nairobi Water Company in an ongoing attempt to construct effective municipal institutions and infrastructure to improve residential access to water and loosen the grip that informal vendors may have on the market for water in these localities. slumswater supplywater marketsinstitutionsdeliberative democracygenderhousehold water storageKenyaapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh4c7q4articleWater Internationalvol 35, iss 6, 733-747oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1cp0w33z2011-08-30T19:28:55Zqt1cp0w33zTargeting the Poorest: The Role of the National Indigenous Institute in Mexico's National Solidarity ProgramFox, Jonathan A1994-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cp0w33zpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0wk7z28w2011-08-30T19:28:52Zqt0wk7z28wCoaliciones transnacionales de la sociedad civil y el Banco Mundial: Aprendizajes sobre proyectos y campanas de incidencia en politicas institucionalesBrown, L. DavidFox, Jonathan A2006-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wk7z28wpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt56m941bq2011-08-30T19:13:49Zqt56m941bqLa participacion popular y el acceso a la alimentacion: Los consejos comunitarios de abasto en MexicoFox, Jonathan A1990-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/56m941bqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt42q2170f2011-08-30T18:58:50Zqt42q2170fLessons from the Citizen Submissions on Enforcement Matters (CESM) to the North American Commission on Environmental Cooperation (NACEC)Pacheco, RaulWiebust, IngerFox, Jonathan A2010-11-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/42q2170fpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4d15c1qg2011-08-30T18:58:47Zqt4d15c1qgTransparency for Accountability: Civil Society Monitoring of Multilateral Development Bank Anti-Poverty ProjectsFox, Jonathan A1997-05-01Globalization and RegulationEnvironment and DevelopmentSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d15c1qgpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt22m4z5782011-08-30T18:29:11Zqt22m4z578Agrarian Reform and Populist PoliticsFox, Jonathan A1985-07-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/22m4z578publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50f3133t2011-07-28T02:37:50Zqt50f3133tAgriculture and the Politics of the North American Trade DebateFox, Jonathan A1992-04-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50f3133tpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0bc0x13q2011-07-28T02:37:47Zqt0bc0x13qAgrarian Reform and Rural Democratization in Latin America. PART 2.Fox, Jonathan A1993-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bc0x13qpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4f20m99x2011-07-28T02:37:44Zqt4f20m99xAgrarian Reform and Rural Democratization in Latin America. PART 1Fox, Jonathan A1993-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f20m99xpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5fx0q2j92011-07-27T22:52:15Zqt5fx0q2j9Los Fondos Municipales de Solidaridad y la participación comunitaria en OaxacaFox, Jonathan AAranda, Josefina1996-07-01oaxacaapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fx0q2j9publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5bk7m19k2011-07-27T22:52:11Zqt5bk7m19kPopular Participation and Access to Food: Mexico's Community Food CouncilsFox, Jonathan A1991-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bk7m19kpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt127056f02011-07-27T22:52:08Zqt127056f0The Challenge of Democracy: Rebellion as Catalyst1994-07-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/127056f0publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt68h101kd2011-07-27T22:52:05Zqt68h101kd“Prólogo” (“Prologue”) in Sylvia Escárcega and Stefano Varese, eds., La ruta mixteca: El impacto etnopolítico de la migración transnacional en los pueblos indígenas de MéxicoFox, Jonathan A2004-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68h101kdpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5885r6992011-07-27T22:22:00Zqt5885r699Transnational Civil Society Coalitions and the World Bank: Lessons from Project and Policy Influence CampaignsBrown, L. DavidFox, Jonathan A2001-01-01Other International and Area Studiestransnational civil societyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5885r699publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6jb5z70w2011-07-06T22:40:03Zqt6jb5z70wProporcionar transparencia: ¿Hasta qué punto responde el gobierno mexicano a las solicitudes de información pública?Fox, Jonathan AHaight, LibbyPalmer-Rubin, Brian2010-05-01This empirical study draws on both official and independent assessments during the first years of implementation of Mexico’s 2003 open government reform. The data show substantial progress overall, combined with significant variation across federal agencies and a growing trend towards official denials of the “existence” of requested information. The findings indicate that support for and resistance to open government is unevenly distributed across the public sector. Future analysis of varying patterns of agency compliance should address both agency-specific incentives and institutional cultures.access to informationtransparencyopen governmentadministrative lawapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jb5z70wpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50q0m31z2011-07-04T04:08:33Zqt50q0m31zTransparency Reforms: Theory and PracticeFox, Jonathan AHaight, Libby2011-01-01The experience of Mexico’s 2002 transparency reform sheds light on the challenge of translating the promise of legal reform into more open government in practice. An innovative new agency that serves as an interface between citizens and the executive branch of government has demonstrated an uneven but significant capacity to encourage institutional responsiveness. A ‘‘culture of transparency’’ is emerging in both state and society, although the contribution of Mexico’s transparency discourse and law to public accountability remains uncertain and contested.Freedom of informationgovernment secrecyMexicotransparencyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50q0m31zpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9jk1s9g42011-07-04T03:22:54Zqt9jk1s9g4How the Drudgery of Getting Water Shapes Women's Lives in Low-income Urban CommunitiesCrow, Ben DMcPike, Jamie2009-01-01Global statistics suggest that people living in urban areas are more likely than those in rural areas to have access to “improved water sources”. Women do most of the work of water collection in low-income urban areas, as they do in rural areas. In this review of the literature on access to water and women’s work in low-income urban areas of the global south, we find that women’s lives and income-generating opportunities in poor urban communities are profoundly shaped by their inadequate access to water. We identify the main modes of access to water and their possible infl uence on women’s lives. Then, we examine descriptions of women’s lives and the range of diffi culties they face in collecting water (time of access, uncertainty and quality of supply, and costs). We describe some of the advantages (health, improved domestic work, livelihood opportunities, education, and gender relations) reported when communities gain access to safe water at the household level. We conclude that the global figures on improved access to water in urban areas focus only on the technology of access, overlooking social obstacles like the collection time and cost of access, and thus obscuring the wide-ranging social advantages of household water connections.genderaccess to waterdevelopmenturbansanitationpovertyhealthorganizingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jk1s9g4publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5jk3b9gt2011-07-04T03:22:49Zqt5jk3b9gtDecentralization and Rural Development in Mexico: Community Participation in Oaxaca's Municipal Funds ProgramFox, Jonathan AAranda, Josefina1996-01-01Other International and Area Studiesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jk3b9gtpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3384t1pq2011-07-04T03:18:41Zqt3384t1pqLa sociedad civil migrante: Diez tesis para el debateFox, Jonathan AGois, William2010-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3384t1pqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6tt7585h2011-07-04T03:17:16Zqt6tt7585hLa participacion popular en los consejos comunitarios de abasto en Mexico: Una lucha desigualFox, Jonathan A1993-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tt7585hpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3t2213sc2011-07-04T03:17:11Zqt3t2213scCambio politico en la nueva economia campesina en MexicoFox, Jonathan A1996-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t2213scpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3t3343hz2011-07-04T02:23:53Zqt3t3343hzOpciones electorales en el Mexico ruralFox, Jonathan A1999-01-01MexicoElectoralapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t3343hzpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3v78w1w42011-07-04T01:56:37Zqt3v78w1w4New Terrain for Rural PoliticsFox, Jonathan A1992-04-01Other International and Area Studiesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v78w1w4publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt97c1s3mk2011-07-04T01:56:33Zqt97c1s3mkThe Crucible of Local PoliticsFox, Jonathan A1995-07-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/97c1s3mkpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7nf8b01r2011-07-03T23:33:08Zqt7nf8b01rTransparency Reforms: Theory and PracticeFox, Jonathan AHaight, Libby2010-01-01MexicoTransparencyreformapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nf8b01rpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2sp227r52011-07-03T23:26:32Zqt2sp227r5Lessons LearnedTreakle, KayFox, Jonathan AClark, Dana2003-01-01inspection panelaccountabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sp227r5publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9db9d86p2011-07-03T23:25:26Zqt9db9d86pExit Followed by Voice: Mapping Mexico’s Emerging Migrant Civil SocietyFox, Jonathan A2009-01-01mexicocivil societyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9db9d86ppublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt88m371wz2011-07-03T22:40:04Zqt88m371wzAssessing the Impact of NGO Advocacy Campaigns on World Bank Projects and PoliciesFox, Jonathan ABrown, L. David1998-01-01NGOworld bankapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/88m371wzpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8hg7g6772011-07-03T22:40:00Zqt8hg7g677’There is No Orient’: Hodgson and SaidBurke, Edmund, III2008-12-10Islamic World and Near EastOther Religionislamorientalismmiddle-eastapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hg7g677publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt97g2k65h2011-07-03T22:34:36Zqt97g2k65hNational Electoral Choices in Rural MexicoFox, Jonathan A1996-01-01agarianreformelectoralmexicoapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/97g2k65hpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8px4f62v2011-07-03T22:16:37Zqt8px4f62vWho decides what is fair in fair trade? The agri-environmental governance of standards, access, and priceBacon, Christopher M.2010-01-01The agri-environmental governance of value chains can favour a Polanyian double movement seeking social protection and control over price setting markets or it can advance a neoliberal logic that strives to overcome the few remaining civic and ecologic obstacles to full market dominance. Coupled with a typology that contrasts corporate social responsibility and social economy Fair Trade models, this theoretical framework elucidates positions in the current policy debates about the minimum coffee price standard. Many Southern smallholders consider Fair Trade's standards, which for coffee include direct market accesses for smallholder cooperatives, minimum prices, and environmental criteria, among the best deals available. The smallholder empowerment benefits are often better than competing eco-labels. However, this study finds that Fair Trade minimum prices lost 41 percent of their real value from 1988 to 2008. Despite objections from several 'market driven' firms and national labelling initiatives, smallholders' collective advocacy and this research contributed to the Fairtrade Labelling Organisations International's (FLO) decision to mandate a 7-11 percent minimum price increase. The price debates demonstrate that Fair Trade governance is neither purely neoliberal nor social movement led - it is a highly contested socially embedded practice. Voices without votes, North-South inequalities, and dwindling prices paid to its stated protagonists indicate the need for governance reform, cost of living price adjustments, and additional investment in the innovative alternative trade and hybrid models.fair tradeeco-labelsenvironmental and agricultural governancestandardssustainabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8px4f62vpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2gn108dn2011-07-03T22:06:49Zqt2gn108dn"Introduction", in The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs and Grassroots MovementsFox, Jonathan ABrown, L. David1998-01-01Other International and Area Studiesworld bankaccountabilityNGOsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gn108dnpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7b01k76j2011-07-03T20:40:52Zqt7b01k76jWhen Does Reform Policy Influence Practice? Lessons from the Bankwide Resettlement ReviewFox, Jonathan A1998-01-01reform policyworld bankresettlementapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b01k76jpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt62w189r42011-07-03T20:40:29Zqt62w189r4Introduction: Framing the PanelFox, Jonathan A2003-01-01Other International and Area Studiesinspection panelaccountabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/62w189r4publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt07x9z7jb2011-07-03T20:22:17Zqt07x9z7jbEntre el estado y el mercado: Perspectivas para un desarrollo rural autonomo en el campo mexicanoFox, Jonathan AGordillo, Gustavo1989-10-01Other Political ScienceMexicocivil societyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/07x9z7jbpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84h6283g2011-07-03T20:22:12Zqt84h6283gAssessing Binational Civil Society CoalitionsFox, Jonathan A2004-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84h6283gpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2t93n09m2011-07-03T20:22:09Zqt2t93n09mDesde la transparencia hacia el derecho a saber y la contraloría social comunitariaHaight, LibbyFox, Jonathan A2009-01-01application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2t93n09mpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9ss1c7bq2011-07-03T20:22:04Zqt9ss1c7bqLessons from Mexico-US Civil Society CoalitionsFox, Jonathan A2002-01-01Mexicocivil societyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ss1c7bqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5hb7421j2011-07-03T20:22:01Zqt5hb7421jCultivating Sustainable Coffee: Persistent ParadoxesBacon, Christopher M.Mendez, ErnestoFox, Jonathan A2008-01-01coffeesustainabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hb7421jpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20h4k1h22011-07-03T19:57:10Zqt20h4k1h2Introduccion: El Panel de Inspeccion y su ContextoFox, Jonathan A2005-01-01Introduccion: El Panel de Inspeccion y su ContextoCivil Societyaccountabilitysocial justiceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20h4k1h2publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2262f5172011-07-03T19:57:06Zqt2262f517Between State and Market: The Campesinos' Quest for Autonomy in Rural MexicoFox, Jonathan AGordillo, Gustavo1990-01-01Between State and Market: The Campesinos' Quest for Autonomy in Rural MexicoSocial movementscivil societyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2262f517publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4416r29c2011-07-03T19:57:02Zqt4416r29cOffsetting the `Iron Law of Oligarchy': The Ebb and Flow of Leadership Accountability in a Regional Peasant OrganizationFox, Jonathan AHernández, Luis1989-07-01Offsetting the `Iron Law of Oligarchy': The Ebb and Flow of Leadership Accountability in a Regional Peasant OrganizationAccountabilitysocial justiceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4416r29cpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7ts830zx2011-07-03T19:56:58Zqt7ts830zxAprendizajesTreakle, KayFox, Jonathan AClark, Dana2005-01-01AprendizajesCivil societysocial justiceaccountabilityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ts830zxpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5c5248682011-07-03T19:56:46Zqt5c524868Local Governance and Citizen Participation: Social Capital and Enabling Policy EnvironmentsFox, Jonathan A1996-01-01Local Governance and Citizen Participation: Social Capital and Enabling Policy EnvironmentsSocial JusticeGovernancePolicyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c524868publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8xw0j7df2011-07-03T19:52:04Zqt8xw0j7dfComo contrarrestar la ley de hierro de la oligarquiaFox, Jonathan AHernández, Luis1989-01-01Como contrarrestar la ley de hierro de la oligarquia: La <> de los dirigents en una organización campesina regionalapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xw0j7dfpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3nv6s0882011-07-03T17:35:16Zqt3nv6s088Rural Democratization in Mexico’s Deep South: Grassroots Right-to-Know Campaigns in GuerreroFox, Jonathan AGarcía Jiménez, CarlosHaight, Libby2009-08-05In Mexico’s southern state of Guerrero, rural social and civic movements are increasingly claiming their right to information as a tool to hold the state publicly accountable, as part of their ongoing issue-specific social, economic, and civic struggles. This study reviews the historical, social and political landscape that grounds campaigns for rural democratisation in Guerrero, including Mexico’s recent information access reforms and then compares two different regional social movements that have claimed the ‘right to know’. For some movements, the demand for information rights is part of a sustained strategy, for others it is a tactic, but the claim bridges both more resistance-oriented and more negotiation- oriented social and civic movements.Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nv6s088publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0hn7r3q72011-07-03T17:35:11Zqt0hn7r3q7Antinomies of Islamic Movements under GlobalizationLubeck, Paul1999-01-01Globalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hn7r3q7publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4hd5n6pr2011-07-03T16:54:11Zqt4hd5n6prA look at the Spatial Inequality in Pakistan:Case study of District SargodhaAli Asjad Naqvi, Syed2007-12-04Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd5n6prpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0fh5z1hf2011-07-03T16:54:06Zqt0fh5z1hfImpacts of Trade on Wage Quality in Los Angeles: Analysis Using Matched Employer-Employee DataRigby, D LBreau, Sebastien2007-12-07Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fh5z1hfpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0vw6g3sr2011-07-03T16:54:02Zqt0vw6g3sr"Between State and Market: The Campesinos' Quest for Autonomy in Rural MexicoFox, Jonathan AGordillo, Gustavo1989-01-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vw6g3srpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6pb2j4bt2011-07-03T16:48:19Zqt6pb2j4bt"Introduction", Indígenas mexicanos migrantes en los Estados UnidosFox, Jonathan ARivera-Salgado, Gaspar2004-01-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pb2j4btpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7sr545762011-07-03T16:48:15Zqt7sr54576Marriage, Motherhood and Masculinity in the Global Economy: Reconfigurations of Personal and Economic LifeKabeer, Naila2007-11-27Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sr54576publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt72j0744c2011-07-03T16:48:09Zqt72j0744cELECTORAL BARRIERS TO TRADE:Measuring the Effects of Income and Political Participation on Trade OpennessBoussalis, Constantine2007-12-14Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/72j0744cpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8pr1q7dg2011-07-03T16:48:05Zqt8pr1q7dgEducational Inequalities in the midst of widespread poverty; Diversity across Africa in primary school completionLloyd, Cynthia2007-11-27Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pr1q7dgpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt62d8n8342011-07-03T16:41:33Zqt62d8n834Latin America's Emerging Local PoliticsFox, Jonathan A1994-04-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/62d8n834publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8c10s3162011-07-03T10:46:05Zqt8c10s316Scarce, costly and uncertain: water access in Kibera, NairobiCrow, BenOdaba, Edmond2009-01-01This paper explores three stories in partial answer to the question: why is water scarce, costly and uncertain. First, it describes the ways that households and particularly the women who are the most frequent collectors of water experience scarcity through heavy expenditures of time and money, considerable investments in water storage and routinized sequences of deferred household tasks. Second, the paper describes some of the ‘public private partnerships’ for water supply which have grown up in this stateless location. A history of state antagonism to informal settlements like Kibera and the concomitant absence of property rights, institutions and market regulation have contributed to the growth of these partnerships, which academics call corruption and residents call cartels. Third, the paper describes three experiments in water and social engineering undertaken by sociologists in the Nairobi Water Company. These experiments constitute an attempt to invent municipal institutions and infrastructure in a city the size of San Francisco where mafia-like organizations remain strong.Environment and DevelopmentGlobalization and RegulationEnvironment and DevelopmentGlobalization and Regulationslumswater supplyinstitutionscartelsdeliberative democracygenderwater storageapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c10s316publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qn5v2742011-07-03T10:45:48Zqt7qn5v274Working Through Outsourcing: Software Practice, Industry Organization and Industry Evolution in IndiaEischen, Kyle2004-03-13Current debates surrounding “outsourcing” and “offshore” limit our understanding of the dynamics of services in the global environment by failing to 1) carefully define terms and 2) delineate key differences in production architectures, practices and regional impacts. Defining offshore and outsourcing is important because such definitions inform the unique structure of services in general and software services in particular. They also open a pathway to understanding similarities or differences with new IT enabled-services. The changing nature of the definitions is really a reflection of questions surrounding the costs and benefits of variations on how services are developed globally. This paper begins by considering definitions of “offshore” to work through the unique aspects of IT services, and how they have affected the evolution of specific regions in the global economy.A central case to begin to evaluate these issues is the emergence and evolution of the Indian industry. While very well known, revisiting the Indian case through the lens of the state of Andhra Pradesh helps synch actual industry evolution with current myths and realities of offshore development. The Indian case also highlights general trends that indicate the limits and possibilities for offshore and outsourced IT services in the global industry through the end of the decade. The final section concludes with a consideration of what such industry patterns indicate for the regional growth and development through offshore production.Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qn5v274publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84t497rz2011-07-03T08:30:55Zqt84t497rzThe Politics of Mexico's New Peasant EconomyFox, Jonathan A1994-01-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84t497rzpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt17r8b34r2011-07-03T08:26:19Zqt17r8b34rClass Consciousness or Natural Consciousness? Socionatural Relations and the Potential for Social Change: Suggestions from Development in Southern HondurasGareau, Brian2008-01-01This article addresses the potential of eco-Marxism to enhance understanding of people/nature,or socionatural, relations by focusing on the effect of the so-called natural world on human perceptions of nature and society. Empirical data on hurricane frequency in Honduras suggest that so-called natural phenomena can contribute significantly to human perceptions of their environment. Interview data on an inhabited protected area in Honduras reveal how peasants have been negatively affected by Western-style development. Interview responses suggest that the difficult socionatural conditions in which they are embedded influence both the decisions made by inhabitants and the irrelation to the environment. The data also reveal that humans are not a homogeneous group but, rather, are affected disparately by socionatural phenomena based on different class and natural/ecological conditions. What emerges from the data are socionaturally determined classes, one of them in a highly precarious socionatural condition that likewise holds the kernel of the desire for social change. The data support a conjunction of political economy’s concern with power, social differentiation, and class analysis with concerns about how ‘‘nature’’ inextricably shapes human relations. This article illustrates how efforts made by groups like World Neighbors, a development organization working to make nature a less capricious actor, would be bolstered by an understanding of socionatural class conditions.Environment and DevelopmentSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/17r8b34rpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt34w393zn2011-07-03T08:26:10Zqt34w393znMexico's Right-to-Know Reforms: Civil Society PerspectivesFox, Jonathan A2007-01-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/34w393znpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7956x77x2011-07-03T08:26:00Zqt7956x77xTransparencia y rendición de cuentas” (“Transparency and Accountability”)Fox, Jonathan A2008-01-01Globalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7956x77xpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt84n4s4382011-07-03T08:25:35Zqt84n4s438Los flujos y reflujos de préstamos sociales y ambientales del Banco Mundial en MéxicoFox, Jonathan A2000-01-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/84n4s438publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt58c747g92011-07-03T08:25:30Zqt58c747g9De la teoría a la práctica del capital social: El Banco Mundial en el campo mexicanoFox, Jonathan A2003-04-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/58c747g9publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2358z8152011-07-03T08:25:24Zqt2358z815Globalisation and health: impact pathways and recent evidenceCornia, Giovanni AndreaRosignoli, StefanoTiberti, Luca2007-12-03Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2358z815publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40p248x12011-07-03T08:25:08Zqt40p248x1Collective Action and Discursive Shifts: A Comparative Historical PerspectiveBurke, Edmund, III2004-02-16As a world historian interested in both the history of European orientalism and modern Islamic history, I have long been struck by the similarities between the indeterminacy of our present time and that of the early twentieth century. One place where these indeterminacies come together is the Middle East. Unpredicted by all observers, an Islamic political revival is under way. Since the Islamic revolution in Iran (1978-79), secular nationalism is in retreat in the region, confounding both Left and Right alike. Why is there an Islamist movement in Algeria (the erstwhile center of Third Worldism)? Why is Egypt, which was the leader of progressive Arab nationalism under Nasser, itself increasingly exposed to an Islamist challenge? How are we to understand these developments? Do they represent a retreat from modernity? Accounting for the Islamist movement in the Middle East has thus far confounded all theories. For those concerned with theory and history this gap should induce more concern than it has so far. One way to remap the dimensions of this problem is through a consideration of the similar incomprehension that greeted the emergence of nationalisms in the area following the collapse of the Ottoman empire.Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40p248x1publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt86b1s1612011-07-03T08:23:09Zqt86b1s161Building a "Soft Region" on Hard Legacies: The Development of an Informational Society in Andhra Pradesh, IndiaEischen, Kyle2000-12-20Andhra Pradesh is quickly developing into the third site of the South Indian “Silicon Triangle”. Regional government initiatives over the last six years have propelled the region from virtual non-existence to an increasingly central node of software development in the global economy. These efforts have been propelled by revitalized regional institutions that have built on national development legacies and global trends. This raises three central issues. First, what forms do information technology (IT) development initiatives take in contrast to previous development efforts? Second, how do global and national trends structure such regional initiatives? Finally, how do IT economic initiatives impact upon and structure social and cultural interactions?Each of these questions is at the heart of understanding information technology-focused regional initiatives that are increasingly a central, if not well understood, aspect of development efforts globally. IT industries like software have unique production processes and business structures that rely on being embedded within innovative and human resource-based environments. These unique aspects have framed the organizational and expansion patterns of the industry in quite distinct ways from previous forms of industrialization. Both positive and negative national legacies, in essence the legacies of previous forms of industrial policy, have been key resources upon which such an innovative environments have been established. These dual national legacies and the unique demands of IT production have shaped the management and building of new regional institutions and social structures. It is exactly these regional policy and institutional innovations that will be central determinate of the long-term viability of the software technology cluster.Andhra Pradesh is an ideal case through which to understand the social and economic impacts of IT exactly because it highlights the recognition that viable IT economic strategies are inherently linked to social transformations. This is seen in the combination of three facets of the regional initiative: the replication of national resources on the regional level, the building of unique regional capacities, and the fostering and capturing of private initiatives. The key aspect of each of these initiatives is that they form an organic whole that is essential to developing the long-term viability of the software-focused strategy in Andhra Pradesh. This long-term viability, as reflected in the nature of the initiatives themselves, goes beyond the mere fostering of “information industries or economies”, but entails the reformulation of social and political relations around an “information society”. In this way, Andhra Pradesh offers insight into the social and economic framework within which new social relations are being structured within India and other regions around the world as they pursue new models of development.Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/86b1s161publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4km0q9tq2011-07-03T08:22:45Zqt4km0q9tqMapping Global Inequality with World Society Theory and Social Structural Analysis - Can Worlds Meet?Diewald, MartinAlbert, Mathias2007-12-04Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4km0q9tqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt951709tx2011-07-03T08:22:35Zqt951709txInformation Technology: History, Practice and Implications for DevelopmentEischen, Kyle2000-11-01The presence of information technology (IT) within the global environment has been extensively studied, but its structure and impact has not been rigorously explained. In many ways, this failure to explain IT stems from a basic lack of understanding the technology itself, both in terms of its historic development and its basic production patterns. Such an explanation is important exactly because its absence limits an analysis of global processes generally, and the discussion of “information societies and economies” in particular. If information technologies are central in structuring new global trends, then it is an empirical necessity to detail the social and economic impacts derived from such technologies. Such impacts can not be understood, or at best only partially, if the basic conceptualizations and processes underlying IT are not defined.The purpose of this outline is to step back from more macro approaches and consider information technology from first principles. The aim is to clarify and define both the informational and technological aspects of IT, then link these into considerations of the potential impact on economic and social development.Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/951709txpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8p86t5b62011-07-03T08:22:30Zqt8p86t5b6Visualizing Relationships between Global IndicatorsGunawardane, PrabathFeng, JackLodha, S KCrow, Ben DFulfrost, BrianDavis, J2008-01-01Environment and DevelopmentPostersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8p86t5b6publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt65c0g8kw2011-07-03T08:22:23Zqt65c0g8kwLessons from Action-Research Partnerships: LASA/Oxfam America 2004 Martin Diskin Memorial LectureFox, Jonathan A2006-02-01Dr. Martin Diskin was a very engaged and vital member of the Latin American Studies Association community for some 30 or more years. Martin also gave us [at Oxfam America] 18 years of his life . . . . He shaped over this period our commitment to human rights. He guided our grant-making in Latin America through several generations of institutional leaders and staff. (He was around longer than three directors and some 20 board members.) He encouraged our staff to speak out forcefully against injustice and to position ourselves as a staunch critic of US foreign policy in Central America and Cuba. He demonstrated to us the value of linking research to advocacy and being informed and strategic advocates. Most importantly, he modeled for us how to be courageous, tough-minded, outspoken and sail against the wind. . . He embodied the quintessential activist academic.Oxfam America wishes to remember Martin through this lectureship as a way of putting a flag in the ground in his honor that commemorates: his commitment to human rights activism; his prophetic voice in a world so in need of courage and hopeful vision; his commitment to academic rigor in service of humanity; and his generosity as mentor and friend. (Remarks by Raymond Offenheiser, President, Oxfam America, at the Latin American Studies Association Congress, Chicago, IL, 25 September 1998.)Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/65c0g8kwpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40d0j6hq2011-07-03T08:22:18Zqt40d0j6hqOrientalism and World History: Representing Middle Eastern
Nationalism and Islamism in the Twentieth CenturyBurke, Edmund, III1998-08-01This is a essay about framing, about contextualization. It seeks to situate the political and cultural transitions the modern Middle East has undergone in this century in their world historical contexts, the better to help us understand the meanings of the present shift to Islamist forms of politics in the region. It is my contention that scholars have misunderstood the world historical significance of the emergence of nationalism in the area, that they have misconstrued its relationship to orientalism and to the European enlightenment more generally, and (as a result) largely misunderstood the nature of the Islamist challenge. In many ways my reflections here spring from a dissatisfaction with the inadequacies (both epistemological and world historical) of the ways in which some critics of orientalism have located modernity.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40d0j6hqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5dq433152011-07-03T08:22:12Zqt5dq43315Corporate Social Responsibility as Business StrategyRowe, James2005-01-01I argue that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), particularly the corporate code of conduct, has been one of global business’ preferred strategies for quelling popular discontent with corporate power. By “business strategy” I mean organized responses, through organizations like the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), to the threat public regulation poses to business’s collective self-interest. Attention to CSR’s historical development reveals it has flourished as discourse and practice at times when corporations became subject to intense public scrutiny. In this essay I outline two periods of corporate crisis, and account for the role codes have played in quieting public concern over increasing corporate power: 1) When developing countries along with Western unions and social activists were calling for a ‘New International Economic Order’ that would more tightly regulate the activity of Transnational Corporations (1960-1976); and 2) When mass anti-globalization demonstrations and high profile corporate scandals are increasing the demand for regulation (1998-Present).Globalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dq43315publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt90p523mr2011-07-03T08:22:06Zqt90p523mrSocial Memory and the Politics of Place-making in Northeastern AmazoniaRaffles, Hugh2004-03-16Like “nature,” “culture,” and its glamorous sibling “global,” “local” is one of those deeply compromised words our language will not relinquish. So central to so many anthropological projects it is unlikely to be transcended, instead it continues to be both fought over and reinvigorated. In this essay, I imagine the topography of what we might call a methodology of locality. In trying to understand how we can do our thinking about the local, I begin with a disarmingly transparent question: How, in all its specificity, does this place that holds our attention come into being? Pursuing this puzzle provokes ripples of association that shape interpretation like contour lines on a map, destabilize naturalized binaries, and shadow the unruly series of concentric circles through which a place is tied into multiple worlds.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/90p523mrpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3z7544g12011-07-03T08:21:38Zqt3z7544g1Intra-metropolitan health disparities in Canada: Studying how and why globalization matters, and what to do about itSchrecker, Ted2007-12-09Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3z7544g1publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6kw524cr2011-07-03T08:21:28Zqt6kw524crCommercializing Iceland: Biotechnology, Culture, and Global-Local Linkages in the Information SocietyEischen, Kyle2001-01-01The development of the Iceland Genetic Database provides an entry point into considerations of some of the most essential social questions arising from new economic and technological changes in the global environment. On one level, there are very serious issues of privacy, competition, commercialization and individual rights that challenge or extend existing legal codes and social norms in very fundamental ways. On a higher level, the developments in Iceland provide a way to outline how global economic, social and technological trends shape and connect with local resources, needs and policies. This second aspect, that will be the considered here, is crucial exactly because it frames and establishes the lower level concerns as central social issues of the coming decades.Information technologies, both as a process and product, contain embedded social knowledge, and thus represent the construction of new social norms and institutions. However, the construction of such new social structures on the local level is intimately tied broader global trends. As such cases like Iceland demonstrate how information technologies like biotechnology are a mechanism for linking the local and global. This is not to downplay the concerns of rights and access that characterize the majority of local debates around biotechnology and genetics in general. However, focusing on the broader issues helps elaborate on how these more specific issues are defined by and a part of a more basic restructuring of social relationships within an information-driven environment.Simply, Iceland matters not only because of concerns over privacy or commercialization of genetic information, but because the debate itself only exists when broader global trends impact in very real and powerful ways on specific regions and populations. A fuller understanding of an information society, and by extension develop a detailed understanding of developments in Iceland, requires that we develop an analysis of both the local and global, social and personal, and economic and cultural.The aim is to move beyond narrow considerations of privacy or ethics to understand that the experience of Iceland represents general trends in the global environment that are simultaneously extremely personal and local events.Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kw524crpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt12p8k2k92011-07-03T08:18:36Zqt12p8k2k9Advocacy Research and the World Bank: Propositions for DiscussionFox, Jonathan2004-02-27Researchers committed to the public interest work hard to avoid being ‘merely academic’. Commitment is necessary but not sufficient for making a difference, however. Any discussion of how researchers can make a difference requires a broader assessment of whether the campaigns they work on are having an impact. From a research point of view, it turns out that assessing whether and how public interest campaigns are indeed having an impact is one of the hardest challenges. After all, most of the time, progress in dealing with powerful ´elite institutions inherently takes place through partial and uneven changes. Even more problematic, advocacy impact often needs to be assessed in terms of the terrible things that actually did not happen or were avoided—damage control—and this leads one onto the slippery terrain of the ‘counter-factual’. For example, is the World Bank doing more nasty things now than it did almost two decades ago, when what came to be known as the Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) campaign first took off? If so, what would that tell us about the efficacy of the many civil society efforts to challenge the Bank’s actions? Is the World Bank doing more decent things nowadays, having adopted a very enlightened-sounding series of official policies, public discourses, and NGO partners? Could both propositions be true at the same time, because the Bank is a contradictory institution that does lots of different things at once, some much worse than others?Globalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/12p8k2k9publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2wf2k3hq2011-07-03T08:18:18Zqt2wf2k3hqLa relación recíproca entre la participación ciudadana y la rendición de cuentas: La experiencia de los Fondos Municipales en el México ruralFox, Jonathan A2002-01-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wf2k3hqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8tb0q3nr2011-07-03T08:17:28Zqt8tb0q3nrDemocratic Rural Development: Leadership Accountability in Regional Peasant Organizations, Development and ChangeFox, Jonathan A1992-04-01Many development analysts assert the importance of democratic social organizations, but few either document or analyse the actual processes of internal democracy. this study examines part of the broader problem of internal democracy. This study examines part of the broader problem of the 'Iron Law of Oligarchy' – the ebbs and flows of leadership accountability over time. Drawing on the history of a Mexican regional peasant organization since 1974, the analysis suggests that different kinds of organizational structures encourage or discourage membership action, but moments of mass direct action in turn shape the ways in which organizational structures actually distribute power. The case analysis shows how the interaction of internal and external factors shaped the balance of power between leader and members at each critical turning point. Participatory subgroups turn out to be the crucial counterweight to concentrated leadership power, mediating relations with the membership and providing alternative sources of leadership. Whether formal or informal, multiple vertical channels and alternative horizontal linkages between membership groups are crucial complements, and sometimes substitutes, to conventional organizational structures.Environment and DevelopmentSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tb0q3nrpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4n4746hk2011-07-03T08:17:14Zqt4n4746hkThe Difficult Transition from Clientelism to Citizenship: Lessons from MexicoFox, Jonathan A1994-01-01Electoral competition is necessary but not sufficient for the consolidation of democratic regimes; not all elections are free and fair; nor do they necessarily lead to actual civilian rule or respect for human rights. If there is more to democracy than elections, then there is more to democratization than the transition to elections. But in spite of the rich literature on the emergence of electoral competition, the dynamics of political transitions toward respect for other fundamental democratic rights is still not well understood.Political democracy is defined here in classic procedural terms: free and fair electoral contestation for governing offices based on universal suffrage, guaranteed freedoms of association and expression, accountability through the rule of law, and civilian control of the military. Although analyses of democratization typically acknowledge that these are all necessary criteria, most examine only electoral competition. This study, however, develops a framework for explaining progress toward another necessary condition for democratization respect for associational autonomy, which allows citizens to organize in defense of their own interests and identities without fear of external intervention or punishment.Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n4746hkpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt05s737xr2011-07-03T08:17:06Zqt05s737xrSociedad civil y políticas de rendición de cuentasFox, Jonathan A2006-01-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/05s737xrpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0xn3f86t2011-07-03T08:17:02Zqt0xn3f86tConfronting the Coffee Crisis: Can Fair Trade, Organic, and Specialty Coffees Reduce Small-Scale Farmer Vulnerability in Northern Nicaragua?Bacon, Chris2004-10-01This paper links changing global coffee markets to opportunities and vulnerabilities for sustaining small-scale farmer livelihoods in northern Nicaragua. Changing governance structures, corporate concentration, oversupply, interchangeable commodity grade beans, and low farm gate prices characterize the crisis in conventional coffee markets. In contrast, certified Fair Trade and organic are two alternative forms of specialty coffee trade and production that may offer opportunities for small-scale producers. A research team surveyed 228 farmers to measure the impact of sales on organic and Fair Trade markets. The results suggest that participation in organic and Fair Trade networks reduces farmers’ livelihood vulnerability.Globalization and RegulationEnvironment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xn3f86tpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt66w0w48s2011-07-03T08:16:56Zqt66w0w48sThe Politics of North American Economic IntegrationFox, Jonathan A2004-02-01The political rhythms of pro-free trade coalitions in North and South America seem to be out of sync. After the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed, free traders looked like they were on a roll towards expansion throughout the hemisphere. Chile was poised to follow Mexico into NAFTA. Mercosur began to take off. For much of the post-NAFTA period, however, most Latin American governments were more prepared to sign a hemispheric free-trade agreement than the United States was. NAFTA’s persistent domestic political costs blocked President Clinton’s effort to renew fast-track negotiating au-thority. By the time President George W. Bush scraped together a slim congressional majority to regain presidential trade-negotiating author-ity, the political winds in South America had shifted and were empow-ering skeptics in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia. By early 2003 negotiations towards a Free Trade Area of the Americas had reached their late middle phase, a timely moment to review research on the political economy of North American economic integration.Social MovementsGlobal Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/66w0w48spublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1p69t3262011-07-03T08:16:51Zqt1p69t326Intimate KnowledgeRaffles, Hugh2003-12-29Recent literature on "local knowledge" has left the term "local" largely unexamined. In this paper, I bring into view theoretical and ethnographic material that points to the relationality of the local and consider what this might mean for an understanding of local knowledge. What does a relational local knowledge look like? In response to the distance of this reconfigured concept from conventional notions of locality and in an attempt to resist localisation, I suggest that much might be gained by rethinking local knowledge and its production as a form of intimacy.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p69t326publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4200c3fc2011-07-03T08:16:42Zqt4200c3fcMexico's Difficult Democracy: Grassroots Movements, NGOs and Local GovernmentFox, Jonathan AHernández, Luis1992-03-01Environment and DevelopmentSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4200c3fcpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5wr1m1dj2011-07-03T08:16:38Zqt5wr1m1djCan multilateral institutions be made publicly accountable?Fox, Jonathan2004-06-06Multilateral organizations, by definition, are formally accountable only to the nation-states that ostensibly share in their governance. This is not enough to hold multilateral organizations publicly accountable, especially when nation-state power within them is very lop-sided, when some are quite insulated, and when they respond to non-state actors only at their discretion. In this context, what kinds of institutional reforms can help multilateral organizations to become more publicly accountable?Globalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wr1m1djpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0m5033gv2011-07-03T08:16:32Zqt0m5033gvGender Relations and Access to Water: What We Want to Know About Social Relations and Women's Time AllocationRoy, JessicaCrow, Ben2004-03-26Inadequate access to safe water has severe consequences for health and livelihood. More than one billion people do not have access to safe water. This paper addresses three questions: 1) How could a focus on social relations illuminate access to water? 2) Is there statistical evidence of a water-poverty connection? 3) How could time allocation studies improve our understanding of access to water? First, evidence suggests that in much of the rural global South, gender relations in particular mediate the social relations of water in numerous, interconnecting ways. Analysis of gender relations could then improve our understanding of the multiple connections among poverty, the position of women and access to water. Second, statistical evidence from the Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment Report 2000 and from the World Development Report 2000 indicates that there is a correlation between lack of access to water and material poverty. When people lack access to water and material resources, they are unable to realize their own hopes for life. Third, in order to improve our understanding of how people in the global South obtain water, future studies will need to determine precisely who collects and manages water for various uses, how much time water collection consumes, and the quality of water available to each user.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m5033gvpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt05x467942011-07-03T08:16:27Zqt05x46794Inequality and Globalization: A Comment on Firebaugh and GoeslingWade, Robert H2004-11-12The September 2004 issue of the American Journal of Sociology contains an article by Firebaugh and Goesling arguing that global income inequality has declined in recent decades as a result of economic globalization. This paper examines the methodological choices made by the authors, and some alternative estimates they overlooked. It concludes that there are many reasons to be cautious about accepting the claim that global income inequality is falling. At the least we have to (a) acknowledge evidence to the contrary, (b) explain why the counter evidence is not to be counted, and (c) acknowledge that even by the measures and data sources that show falling overall inequality, the result depends mostly on China.Global Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/05x46794publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0tc442fc2011-07-03T08:16:20Zqt0tc442fcIncomes, Exchange Rates and the U.S. Trade Deficit, Once AgainChinn, Menzie2002-12-22This paper discusses recent developments in the empirical modeling of U.S. import and export flows, and the implications for adjustment of the trade balance in response to changes in the value of the dollar and relative incomes. The results of examining the behavior of trade flows in the period spanning the late 1990’s boom and dollar appreciation are also reported. The estimates for the updated data do not exhibit the income asymmetry typically found in other studies, although a reduction in the current account would require a substantial real depreciation, holding all else constant.Global Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tc442fcpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5683278g2011-07-03T08:16:15Zqt5683278gMapping the Micro-Foundations of Informational Development: Linking Software Processes, Products and Industries to Global TrendsEischen, Kyle2002-02-01The production structures of information industries, the mechanisms that translate information into new products and power, remain opaque. Without defining these micro-foundational patterns, simple questions — what is information, how is it produced, is this production structure significantly unique — remain unanswered, limiting analysis of information-based developmentgenerally, and evaluation of higher-level “information” theories specifically. Opening the “black box” of software outlines these production practices in one of the central industries of the coming decades, helping explain its social and economic impact and locating its evolution within broader global economic patterns.Detailing the informational patterns in software opens a path to consider an ideal-typology of informational production. Such an ideal-type helps define terms and hypotheses that capture both unique differences and general patterns in an informational environment. Ignoring such patterns limits our understanding and analysis of the broader social transformations in the global environment. Failing to recognize these processes limits the space for social debate, policy and action around the establishment and evolution of new information technologies and industries.Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5683278gpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9rp0c3w42011-07-03T08:16:10Zqt9rp0c3w4The Social Impact of Informational Production: Software Development as an Informational PracticeEischen, Kyle2002-01-01Software is a unique process that draws on socially structured domain-knowledge as its central resource. This clarifies the importance of information and design in an informational environment, as well as signals the impact of digital architectures in structuring new patterns of social interaction. These informational patterns are embedded in software both technically and through the development process, resulting in a strong cohesion between production, product and industry structures. Software increasingly is a central, but hidden factor within the global environment structuring production practices, embedded in products and shaping social interactions. Many of the central conflicts, assumptions and patterns in information societies are directly linked to software’s informational practice or highlighted first through software focused debates. Ignoring such patterns directly limits our understanding and analysis of the broader social transformations in the global environment. Failing to recognize these processes limits the space for social debate, policy and action around the establishment and evolution of these new digital architectures at the locus of their development.Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rp0c3w4publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jv048hx2011-07-03T08:16:04Zqt3jv048hxThe World Distribution of Household WealthDAVIES, JAMES BShorrocks, AnthonySandstrom, SusannaWOLFF, EDWARD N2007-11-28Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jv048hxpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt473642zr2011-07-03T08:15:59Zqt473642zrTackling Global Inequality in Labor Migration: Diaspora Mechanism and Migration Development BankGevorkyan, Aleksandr V.Gevorkyan, Arkady V.2007-12-09Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/473642zrpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt23n6s2p32011-07-03T08:15:53Zqt23n6s2p3Migrants’ Remittances and Investments in Children’s Human Capital: The Role of Asymmetric Preferences in MexicoMalone, Lauren2007-12-09Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/23n6s2p3publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8c25c3z42011-07-03T08:15:47Zqt8c25c3z4The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountabilityFox, Jonathan A2007-08-01The concepts of transparency and accountability are closely linked: transparency is supposed to generate accountability. This article questions this widely held assumption. Transparency mobilises the power of shame, yet the shameless may not be vulnerable to public exposure. Truth often fails to lead to justice. After exploring different definitions and dimensions of the two ideas, the more relevant question turns out tobe: what kinds of transparency lead to what kinds of accountability, and under what conditions? The article concludes by proposing that the concept can be unpacked in terms of two distinct variants. Transparency can be either ‘clear’or‘opaque’, while accountability can be either‘soft’or‘hard’.Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c25c3z4publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt68d6b2bh2011-07-03T08:15:43Zqt68d6b2bhRural Democratization and Decentralization at the State/Society Interface: What Counts as ‘Local’ Government in the Mexican Countryside?Fox, Jonathan A2007-07-01Rural local government inMexicois contestedterrain, sometimes representing the state to society, sometimes representing society to the state. In Mexico’s federal system, the municipality is widely considered to be the ‘most local’ level of government, but authoritarian centralization is often reproduced within municipalities, subordinating smaller, outlying villages politically, economically and socially. Grassroots civic movements throughout rural Mexico have mobilized for community self-governance, leading to a widespread, largely invisible and ongoing ‘regimetransition’ at the sub-municipal level. This study analyzes this unresolved process of political contestation in the largely rural, low-income states of Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca and Chiapas.Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68d6b2bhpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4nn6v8sk2011-07-03T08:15:38Zqt4nn6v8skReframing Mexican Migration as a Multi-Ethnic ProcessFox, Jonathan A2006-02-23Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nn6v8skpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt25f967v12011-07-03T08:15:33Zqt25f967v1Comparative Reflections on the African Dilemma: The Interdependent Democratization of States and Civil SocietiesFox, Jonathan A1998-12-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/25f967v1publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt419890fx2011-07-03T08:15:28Zqt419890fxEl condicionamiento político del acceso a programas sociales en México (The Political Conditioning of Access to Social Programs in Mexico)Fox, Jonathan AHaight, Libby2009-01-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/419890fxpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28t4f2p42011-07-03T08:15:07Zqt28t4f2p4Children Left Behind - How Metropolitan Areas Are Failing America's ChildrenLefkowitz, Bonnie2007-12-04Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/28t4f2p4publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0255r0ms2011-07-03T08:15:01Zqt0255r0msWho Gets Public Goods? Using Satellite Imagery to Measure the Distribution of Rural ElectrificationMin, Brian2007-12-11Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0255r0mspublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1p52w0r72011-07-03T08:14:51Zqt1p52w0r7Roma Migration Inequalities in Modern EuropeAlexieva, Petrouchka2007-12-04Postersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p52w0r7publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4t49t5zq2011-07-03T08:14:45Zqt4t49t5zqGlobal Migration and Regionalization, 1840-1940McKeown, Adam2007-11-27Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t49t5zqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2cg255zq2011-07-03T08:14:21Zqt2cg255zqExplaining the appeal of Islamic radicalsRichards, Alan2003-01-15Why do “Islamic radicals”—including the partisans of al-Qaeda and other followers of Osama bin Laden--enjoy so much sympathy in the Middle East and the wider Muslim world?This Global Policy Brief explores four socioeconomic roots of Islamic radicalism:- The multidimensional crisis of the Muslim world- The rage of the young, a majority of the population in the Middle East, are faced with poor livelihood prospects- Increasing poverty and collapsing cities- Failures of government.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cg255zqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0cg1r6q82011-07-03T08:14:15Zqt0cg1r6q8Reforming the global financial systemAizenman, Joshua2003-04-09The global financial market has been shaken throughout the nineties by a series of major financial crises. Attempts to stabilize the global system have led to large bailouts. This system cannot survive indefinitely. The willingness of taxpayers in the industrialized (OECD) countries to engage in continuing bailouts is approaching its limits.This paper has two goals. First, it briefly summarizes the evidence that financial crises may be induced by opening up developing countries to short-term capital inflows. Second, it appraises the various proposals made for mitigating the severity of financial crises.Global Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0cg1r6q8publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt37n4n3sm2011-07-03T08:13:39Zqt37n4n3smLocal Governance and Citizen Participation: Social Capital and Enabling Policy EnvironmentsFox, Jonathan A1995-01-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/37n4n3smpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2f11d67c2011-07-03T08:08:20Zqt2f11d67cMapping global health inequalities: challenges and opportunitiesTugwell, PeterRobinson, VivianMorris, Erin2007-12-12Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2f11d67cpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7cb010ms2011-07-03T08:08:06Zqt7cb010msVisualizing Global Inequality on the WebMeyers, IanLodha, S KCrow, Ben DFulfrost, Brian2008-01-01In this work, we simplify and enhance the visualization currently supported by the UC Atlas Website for mapping global inequality by (i) creating a simple user interface, (ii) supporting time series animation of global maps, and (iii) simplifying and integrating theline graphs, bar graphs, and ranked bar graphs. The visualization system is accessible at http://atlas-dev.ucsc.edu/ian. Our vision is to enhance the visualization system by adding additional types of charts including scatter plots, star plots, parallel coordinates, and small multiples visualization while keeping the user interface simple and integrated.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cb010mspublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt30s5h1fq2011-07-03T07:32:48Zqt30s5h1fqState-Society Relations in Mexico: Historical Legacies and Contemporary TrendsFox, Jonathan A2000-01-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/30s5h1fqpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6764j1h02011-07-03T07:32:32Zqt6764j1h0The World Bank and Social Capital: Contesting the Concept in PracticeFox, Jonathan A1997-11-01Global EconomicsGlobalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6764j1h0publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6243p5c62011-07-03T07:32:27Zqt6243p5c6Markets, Class and Social Change, chapter 1 Exploring Markets and ClassCrow, Ben2004-03-03Markets establish a range of ways of exchanging goods and services through the medium of money. The ubiquity of markets in most parts of the world, and the frequency of our participation in them, encourage the impression that markets and the buying and selling of goods involve simple processes. This appearance of simplicity may be reinforced by our ignorance of market histories and a powerful ideological trend in capitalism which suggests that markets are natural phenomena.Global Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6243p5c6publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2xh9w2qp2011-07-03T07:32:21Zqt2xh9w2qpRegional Income Inequality in Post-1978 China: A Kaldorian Spatial Econometric ApproachJeon, Yongbok2007-12-10Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xh9w2qppublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt468929x12011-07-03T07:32:17Zqt468929x1Alternative Data for Studying Global Civil Society: Correspondent Networks, Maps and ChronologiesTimms, JillStares, Sally2007-12-04Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/468929x1publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt33r032jf2011-07-03T07:32:03Zqt33r032jfVisualizing Health Determinants in a Global ContextLodha, S KCrow, Ben DGunawardane, PrabathMiddleton, Erin A.Feng, JackAgredano, HectorFulfrost, Brian2008-01-01In this work, our objective is to visualize the relationship between the variables that impact health in a global context. Recently, Cornia et al. [1] have proposed five main determinants of global health – material deprivation, progress in health technology, acute psychosocial stress, unhealthy lifestyle, and income inequality etc. Results of regression analysis worldwide indicate that almost 90% of the variation in health can be attributed to twelve variables representing these five determinants. We compute correlations between the health variables and its determinants and apply a visualization tool [2] to display these correlations globally and at country level in order to gain a better understanding. We observe that the country-level results obtained through easy-to-understand graphs and simple correlation analysis pose an anomaly to the worldwide regression results and require further analysis to close the gap between correlation and regression analysis and the gap between the country-level and global-level analysis.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/33r032jfpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt06d5c2h52011-07-03T07:21:10Zqt06d5c2h5Global StatisticsCrow, Ben D2006-01-01Environment and DevelopmentGlobalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/06d5c2h5publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6564917p2011-07-02T21:25:37Zqt6564917pInternational labour migration and reproduction of inequalities: The Latinoamerican CaseJulca, Alex2007-12-10Non-commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6564917ppublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt54w751qk2011-07-02T13:42:06Zqt54w751qkThe markets of adversity: or why the rich don't buy riceCrow, Ben D2001-01-01Environment and DevelopmentSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/54w751qkpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt217574xt2011-07-02T13:42:01Zqt217574xtBare knuckle and better technics: trajectories of access to safe water in history and in the global southCrow, Ben2007-01-01This paper draws lessons from the history of water provision in the industrialised world, and the failure of colonial municipal water utilities, to illuminate the social, political and financial challenges facing improved urban water supply in the global south. It distinguishes four trajectories for water and sanitation access with different records of success. The paper then suggests that engineers, and the communities, NGOs, development agencies and governments for whom they work, could work more effectively if they formulated their work to fit socially, financially and politically feasible trajectories. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/217574xtpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4nt1n2322011-07-02T13:41:39Zqt4nt1n232Reflections on the Macro Foundations of the Middle Class in the Developing WorldBirdsall, Nancy2007-11-28In this working paper I define inclusive growth as growth conducive to increasing the size and economic command of the middle class. I suggest a definition of the middle class based on absolute and relative measures of country-based income distributions, and present evidence of change in the size of the “middle class” for selected developing countries. I then review how macroeconomic policies shape the environment and incentives for inclusive growth, focusing on three areas: fiscal discipline, the more rule-based the better; a fair tax and redistribution system; and a business friendly exchange rate. The adoption of macro policies that favor the middle class lays the foundation for more economically and politically sustainable development. While on the whole sound macro policy that is good for the middle class is also likely to be pro-poor, tradeoffs may exist with respect to tax, expenditure and transfer programs and responses to economic shocks. Governments should consider the weighted welfare outcomes of alternative approaches to macro policy, rather than un-weighted growth or overly weighted poverty outcomes.Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nt1n232publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6q81b75s2011-07-02T13:41:25Zqt6q81b75sInternational Migration as an Alternative to Development AssistanceKapur, DeveshMcHale, John2007-11-27Commissioned Papersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6q81b75spublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9wn0j4fk2011-07-02T13:41:06Zqt9wn0j4fkMapping Mexican Migrant Civil SocietyFox, Jonathan A2005-11-01Presented at "Mexican Migrant Civic and Political Participation,"Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, co-sponsored by: Latin American and Latino Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, November, 2005Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wn0j4fkpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6hz053p32011-07-02T13:40:59Zqt6hz053p3The Determinants of the Global Digital Divide: A cross-country analysis of computer and internet penetrationChinn, Menzie DavidFairlie, Robert W2004-02-26To identify the determinants of cross-country disparities in personal computer and Internet penetration, we examine a panel of 161 countries over the 1999-2001 period. Our candidate variables include economic variables (income per capita, years of schooling, illiteracy, trade openness), demographic variables (youth and aged dependency ratios, urbanization rate), infrastructure indicators (telephone density, electricity consumption), telecommunications pricing measures, and regulatory quality. With the exception of trade openness and the telecom pricing measures, these variables enter in as statistically significant in most specifications for computer use. A similar pattern holds true for Internet use, except that telephone density and aged dependency matter less. The global digital divide is mainly – but by no means entirely – accounted for by income differentials. For computers, telephone density and regulatory quality are of second and third importance, while for the Internet, this ordering is reversed. The region specific explanations for large disparities in computer and Internet penetration are generally very similar. Our results suggest that public investment in human capital, telecommunications infrastructure, and the regulatory infrastructure can mitigate the gap in PC and Internet use.Global Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hz053p3publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt47k8w8jv2011-05-12T16:43:45Zqt47k8w8jvThe World Bank Inspection Panel: Lessons from the First Five YearsFox, Jonathan A2000-07-01In 1993, the World Bank's board of directors responded to international environmental and human rights critics by creating a precedent -setting public accountability mechanism. Local-global civil society advocacy networks found allies in donor governments, and their message resonated with the internal World Bank concerns about the need to improve the effectiveness of its investments. Through the Inspection Panel, citizens of developing countries can now make direct grievances about the environmental and social costs of World Bank projects. Among multilateral organizations, the World Bank permits the greatest degree of citizen access. Composed of distinguished, no -World Bank development experts, the panel is a transnational entity embedded within a multilateral institution. On balance, it has been a remarkably autonomous body, permitting people negatively affected by Bank projects the opportunity to gain some degree of diplomatic standing, potential transnational public interest allies, media access, and even the possibility of some tangible concessions. In spite of its limits, the World Bank's Inspection Panel is one its most tangible institution-wide policy changes in response to almost two decades of environmental and human rights criticism. As World Bank President James Wolfensohn put it, te Inspection Panel is a "bold experiment in transparency and accountability that has worked to the benefit of all concerned."Globalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/47k8w8jvpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5h77h9rj2011-04-22T15:30:53Zqt5h77h9rjLos Fondos Municipales de Solidaridad y la participación comunitaria en OaxacaFox, Jonathan AAranda, Josefina1996-06-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5h77h9rjpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt436307k82011-04-14T03:36:17Zqt436307k8Nigeria: Mapping the Shari`a Restorationist MovementLubeck, Paul M2011-04-01NigeriaShari`aMuslimpoliticsafricaapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/436307k8publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7h52n89v2011-04-12T17:00:30Zqt7h52n89vAccess to water in a Nairobi slum: women’s work and institutional learningCrow, Ben DOdaba, Edmond2010-11-01This paper describes the ways that households, and particularly women, experience water scarcity in a large informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, through heavy expenditures of time and money, considerable investments in water storage and routinized sequences of defer red household tasks. It then delineates three phases of adaptive water and social engineering undertaken in several informal settlements by the Nairobi Water Company in an ongoing attempt to construct effective municipal institutions and infrastructure to improve residential access to water and loosen the grip that informal vendors may have on the market for water in these localities.slumswater supplywater marketsinstitutionsdeliberative democracygenderhousehold water storageKenyaapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7h52n89vpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9vb7891v2011-03-19T02:17:21Zqt9vb7891vAmerican Thinking About Violence in the Middle EastRichards, Alan2004-10-30A Nation of Puritan Engineers, a.k.a. the USA, is singularly ill-equipped to understand something as complicated, as paradoxical, and as deeply historically rooted as Middle Eastern violence. As the heirs of the Puritans, we tend to be self-righteous in our certainty that we have the truth. Further, we believe that the truth is singular, and we are confident that vengeful violence in defending that truth is divinely sanctioned. As engineers, we believe that all problems have solutions, and that the past (and history) don’t matter, and that our new technology, and our organizational prowess, will always find a solution.None of these perspectives is useful if one wants to reduce the suffering spawned by violence, whether in the Middle East or elsewhere. Our mind-set repeatedly leads us astray, and we become lost in a wilderness of complexity our minds cannot comprehend.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vb7891vpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9qr7z6x12011-03-19T02:13:56Zqt9qr7z6x1Essays on India’s Economic GrowthSingh, Nirvikar2009-09-01This is a collection of essays written for the Financial Express, an Indian financial daily. There are several themes that I explore in these pieces. The most basic is that of the overall process of, and environment for economic growth in the Indian context. Another strand examines different sectors and their past or potential growth contributions. A third issue is one that often has dominated recent policy discussions in India, namely, how to make growth more inclusive or broad-based. This is related to a fourth theme of these essays, that of governance and policy making in India. A fifth theme of the essays is money and finance in India, again in the context of development and development policy. Finally, I comment on management and management education as a potential contributor to India’s growth. The essays sometimes cut across themes, but I have organized them loosely into these six categories. The two dozen or so pieces were written between May 2006 and January 2008, but I think they still have relevance, as the issues they explore are long-run questions about India’s economic growth and its sustainability. I have attempted to draw on economic analysis in assessing current issues, but the presentation is relatively non-technical.Environment and DevelopmentGlobal Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qr7z6x1publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8p92h4c82011-03-19T01:43:50Zqt8p92h4c8The Challenge of Rural Democratization: Perspectives From Latin America and the PhilippinesFox, Jonathan A1990-07-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8p92h4c8publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8j29f3df2011-03-19T01:39:59Zqt8j29f3dfGender, Class, and Access to Water:Three Cases in a Poor and Crowded DeltaCrow, BenSultana, Farhana2002-10-21Water plays a pivotal role in economic activity and in human well-being. Because of the prominence of water in production (primarily for irrigation) and in domestic use (drinking, washing, cooking), conflict over water and the effects of gender-influenced decisions about water may have far-reaching consequences on human well-being, economic growth, and social change.At the same time, social conflicts and social change are shaped and mediated, often in unexpected ways, by the natural conditions in which water occurs. The social relations of water are poorly understood.This article introduces a framework for disaggregating conditions of access to water and uses it to examine three pressing questions in Bangladesh. First, extraction of groundwater for irrigation has made many drinking-water hand pumps run dry. Second, increasing use of groundwater for drinking has been associated with the poisoning of at least 20 million people through naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater. Third, the article examines some of the ways access to water has been changed by the rise of shrimp aquaculture for export.This article highlights new directions for the analysis of interactions among water, class, and gender. The existing literature has tended to focus on the implications of gender analysis for government policy, especially development projects and water resources management, and for women’s organization. In this article we begin to sketch some questions that arise from a concern to understand the broader context of social change.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j29f3dfpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt89m7b03q2011-03-19T01:33:36Zqt89m7b03qMigrant Civil Society: Ten Propositions for DiscussionFox, Jonathan AGois, William2010-11-04Other International and Area Studiesmigrantcivil societyglobalmexicoasiaapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/89m7b03qpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7pv2m4772011-03-19T01:16:36Zqt7pv2m477Coping with Water Scarcity: The Governance ChallengeRichards, Alan2001-05-01Improving demand management or enhancing water conservation is a complex and difficult governance problem, involving a complicated mixture of decentralization in some areas and instances (e.g., to promote greater on-farm efficiency via water-users associations) and re-centralization in others (e.g., to cope with pervasive third-party effects). Both the infrastructural and institutional changes are likely to be significant. Further, significant interest groups in society and within the state apparatus stand to lose important rents and/or privileges. In some cases, these interests may be able to stall or to block reforms. Given the lags involved and the possibilities of significant unexpected negative shocks, the consequences of "business as usual" could be severe. That is, failure to reform systems, and, therefore, failure to deliver adequate water supplies to increasing numbers of people, has destabilizing potential for some governments. Yet the process of decentralizing decision making can itself be destabilizing, depending upon the specific context. The dynamics of political reform of water allocation policies have important potential to add to social and political conflict within increasingly water-scarce societies. By the same token, however, there are significant opportunities to smooth the transition to more water efficient allocation systems.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pv2m477publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7nn641br2011-03-19T01:15:26Zqt7nn641brMigrant Civic EngagementFox, Jonathan ABada, Xóchitl2009-06-01The spring, 2006 wave of immigrant rights mobilizations represents a watershed in the history of civic engagement in the US. Never before had so many foreign born literally “come out” for the right to be included in the US. Indeed, in many cities, never before had so many taken to the streets for any cause. Practitioners involved in the policy debate, scholars who measure immigrant political opinion, as well as migrant leaders themselves were all caught off guard. This raises questions about the social foundations of the marches – what kinds of social and civic practices, networks and organizations made them possible? To provide at least part of the answer, this chapter introduces the concepts of “civic binationality” and “migrant civil society,” which provide frameworks for understanding the already-existing patterns of migrant organization that came together at this unusual historical turning point. “Civic binationality” refers to practices that are engaged both with US civic life and with migrants’ communities and countries of origin. The related concept of “migrant civil society” refers to migrant-led membership organizations and public institutions (which may not be engaged with communities of origin). The goal of this latter concept is to underscore the significance of migrant capacity for self-representation. The recognition of practices of migrant civic binationality, grounded in an emerging migrant civil society, helps us to understand the patterns of civic engagement and repertoires of action that inform migrant participation in US society. The point of departure here is that, at least for many adult migrants, their initiation into civic life either takes place in their country of origin, or is oriented toward their country of origin. As many analysts of civic engagement have long noted, the best predictor of civic involvement of any kind is past involvement –even if in a completely different arena. 1Apparently, some people are more likely to be joiners than others – across cultures. From this perspective, the kind of civic engagement witnessed on a mass scale in the spring of 2006 was in part grounded in longstanding, often low profile practices of migrant civic binationality. At the same time, the 2006 marches constitute a powerful indicator that millions of immigrants have also been fully transplanted into the US public sphere, followed by subsequent increases in naturalization and voter turnout among “new Americans”in 2008.Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nn641brpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7jc3t42v2011-03-19T01:12:21Zqt7jc3t42vMigrant Organization and Hometown Impacts in Rural MexicoFox, Jonathan ABada, Xochitl2008-04-01The interaction between migration, development and rural democratization is not well understood. Exit is usually understood as an alternative to voice, but the Mexican experience with cross-border social and civic action led by hometown associations suggests that exit can also be followed by voice. This article explores migrant impacts on hometown civic life, focusing on voice and bargaining over community development investments of collective remittances that are matched by government social funds. The most significant democratizing impacts include expatriate pressures on local governments for accountability and greater voice for outlying villages in municipal decision-making.Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jc3t42vpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7fc9c7j42011-03-19T01:09:28Zqt7fc9c7j4Lost, Dysfunctional or Evolving? A View of Business Schools from Silicon ValleyEischen, KyleSingh, Nirvikar2005-09-29Recent articles have rekindled discussions around the direction and relevance of US business schools. The two main viewpoints are distinct but equally critical. On one hand, business schools are considered overly focused on “scientific research” and having lost their connection to “real world” and management issues. On the other hand, schools are considered “dysfunctionally” focused on media rankings and short-term superficial marketing fixes. Our study of educational opportunities and workforce development in Silicon Valley suggests a different viewpoint. We agree that both approaches correctly identify the challenge of preparing managers in globalized world. However, we believe they misdiagnose the cause of the failure. Rather than being lost or dysfunctional, we believe business programs — like the firms and students they serve — are in the process of evolving to meet a shifting global and local environment. Our findings indicate that business schools face structural, content, and program shifts. Educationally, business programs continue to be seen as doing a good job of educating their students in core functional areas and processes. However, they do less well in teaching their graduates interpersonal skills, real-time decision-making, recognition of contexts, and integration across functional areas. These are increasingly the skills demanded by the global business environment. Even more challenging is meeting the demand for both sets of skills within very specialized fields like technology management. Structurally, new types of students and learning demands are placing stresses on traditional full-time two-year programs and their business models. Women and minority groups increasingly form the majority of the future student population, with distinct needs and demands for part-time and executive education. This shift is also evident in demands for life-long learning and engagement as opposed to a fixed, one-shot program experiences. These challenges require business schools to build upon what they do well, while innovating to serve new business and student needs.Geography of Information TechnologyGlobal Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fc9c7j4publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7624m65m2011-03-19T01:01:45Zqt7624m65mInvisible No More: Mexican Migrant Civic Participation in the United StatesFox, Jonathan A2006-08-01Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7624m65mpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6z56v4592011-03-19T00:54:35Zqt6z56v459"Ecological Values amid Local Interests: Natural Resource Conservation, Social Differentiation, and Human Survival in Honduras"Gareau, Brian J.2007-06-01Local peoples living in protected areas often have a different understanding about their natural space than do non-local groups that promote and declare such areas ‘‘protected.’’ By designing pro- tected areas without local involvement, or understandings of local social differentiation and power, natural resources management schemes will likely be unsuccessful. Protected area Cerro Guanacaure in southern Honduras has been subject to many development projects, most of which have failed, and the local inhabitants observe that degradation of natural resources continues. However, this case study shows that this does not mean locals view natural resources simply in an individualistic, utilitarian way. They also see their surroundings in an ecological way, and a sociocultural way. This assessment is based upon in-depth interviews with local leaders and 208 fixed format interviews of park inhabitants in Cerro Guanacaure.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z56v459publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6p4215w12011-03-19T00:46:53Zqt6p4215w1Will the Euro Eventually Surpass the Dollar as Leading International Reserve Currency?Chinn, Menzie DavidFrankel, Jeffrey A.2005-06-01Might the dollar eventually follow the precedent of the pound and cede its status as leading international reserve currency? Unlike ten years ago, there now exists a credible competitor: the euro. This paper econometrically estimates determinants of the shares of major currencies in the reserve holdings of the world’s central banks. Significant factors include: size of the home country, inflation rate (or lagged depreciation trend), exchange rate variability, and size of the relevant home financial center (as measured by the turnover in its foreign exchange market). We have not found that net international debt position is an important determinant. Network externality theories would predict a tipping phenomenon. Indeed we find that the relationship between currency shares and their determinants is nonlinear (which we try to capture with a logistic function, or else with a dummy “leader” variable for the largest country). But changes are felt only with a long lag (we estimate a weight on the preceding year’s currency share around .9). The advent of the euro interrupts the continuity of the historical data set. So we estimate parameters on pre-1999 data, and then use them to forecast the EMU era. The equation correctly predicts a (small) narrowing in the gap between the dollar and euro over the period 1999-2004. Whether the euro might in the future rival or surpass the dollar as the world’s leading international reserve currency appears to depend on two things: (1) do the United Kingdom and enough other EU members join euroland so that it becomes larger than the US economy, and (2) does US macroeconomic policy eventually undermine confidence in the value of the dollar, in the form of inflation and depreciation. What we learn about functional form and parameter values helps us forecast, contingent on these two developments, how quickly the euro might rise to challenge the dollar. Under two important scenarios – the remaining EU members, including the UK, join EMU by 2020 or else the recent depreciation trend of the dollar persists into the future – the euro may surpass the dollar as leading international reserve currency by 2022.Global Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p4215w1publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6f2225fp2011-03-19T00:39:25Zqt6f2225fpRepensar lo rural ante la globalización: La sociedad civil migranteFox, Jonathan A2007-03-23One of each eight adult Mexicans resides in the United States. The rural-rural component of this migrationary process explains a growing ruralization of the Mexican population in the United States. It could be surmised that the migrants have opted to exit rather than use their voice; nevertheless many of them are exercising their voice from what might be termed the ‘migrant civil society’ via (i) community-based social organizations; (ii) civil organizations controlled or influenced by migrants; (iii) means of communication controlled or influenced by migrants; and (iv) autonomous public spaces.Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f2225fppublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt64q087vp2011-03-19T00:27:03Zqt64q087vpRegulation for the Rest of Us? Global Social Activism, Corporate Citizenship, and the Disappearance of the PoliticalLipschutz, Ronnie2003-08-30In the context of globalization, transnational social regulation is increasingly the product of private (as opposed to public) interventions into the sphere of global trade. In recognition of the widespread failure of corporations to sufficiently address the socio-economic externalities borne by workers (inadequate wages, poor working conditions, forced overtime, child labor, and lack of the right to free association), various non-governmental organizations have begun to design and implement systems of rules intended to influence corporations and bring to an end a transnational "race to the bottom." Drawing on publicly available materials, interviews, and fieldwork in Southeast Asia, I propose that what matters as much as improvements to life on the factory floor are "spillover" effects whose force extend beyond building walls into the broader society of the host country. I question whether consumer behavior alone can create the conditions in which workers will be free to exercise their rights as guaranteed by both domestic law and International Labor Organization conventions. I conclude that what is needed is greater interaction between global civil society and trade unions. For the moment, the basis for effective labor law—and regulation more generally—lies within states. Activists and civil society should focus on improving legal, political, and social conditions for workers in the host countries, rather than trying to affect corporate behavior through consumer pressure.Globalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/64q087vppublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5x30d6112011-03-19T00:20:42Zqt5x30d611Governance and Development in Rural Mexico: State Intervention and Public AccountabilityFox, Jonathan A1995-10-01Globalization and RegulationEnvironment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x30d611publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rj3r1nj2011-03-19T00:16:23Zqt5rj3r1njEssays on the Financial Crisis and GlobalizationSingh, Nirvikar2009-09-01We have certainly been living in interesting times. While avoiding the worst connotations of that concept (no global war or other catastrophe), we have seen the fall of communism, the rise of information technology, and the beginnings of a shift in the global economic balance, back toward the days before the industrial revolution, when Asia carried as much economic and political weight as the West. All three trends – the ostensible triumph of capitalism, the innovations wrought by digital technologies, and the growth of China and (to some extent) India – in some ways came to a head in the current financial crisis. The crisis was sudden, and at one stage seemed that it would engulf the world economy in depression and even chaos. It prompted some fevered writing, by journalists in particular. For my part, writing fortnightly columns for Indian financial dailies (first the Financial Express, then The Mint), I have seen my role as bringing analytical economic thought to bear on understanding current events. A column gives one some freedom to opine, but also imposes disciplines of concision and clarity, beyond the usual requirements of academia. The following dozen pieces were written between September 2007 and April 2009. They comment on the reasons for the crisis, and possible solutions, using economic theory to understand the issues wherever possible, but in relatively non-technical language. What keeps markets working well? What do financial markets accomplish, at a fundamental level? Why do markets fail? Why do scandals arise? What can regulators do to improve matters? I have tried to shed light on these basic questions in the context of current events. Along the way, I have had the temerity to take issue with Alan Greenspan, George Soros and Martin Wolf, all bigger names than I, but less well versed in the core principles of economic analysis. My sympathies lie with other professional economists: George Akerlof, Nouriel Roubini and Larry Summers come out well in these pieces, though I take issue with Summers’ implicit politics with respect to globalization. Several essays look at aspects of globalization, and view with optimism the potential of emerging economies. Another underlying theme is that the crisis was not about the collapse of capitalism, but rather arose from some specific failures of institutional design in so-called advanced economies. Getting this lesson right is critical for economies that want to go beyond being just “emerging.” Readers must judge if I have made my points clearly and convincingly enough.Environment and DevelopmentGlobal EconomicsGlobalization and Regulationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rj3r1njpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5jd5p2sr2011-03-19T00:10:33Zqt5jd5p2srMuslim Civil Society in Urban Public Spaces: Globalization, Discursive Shifts, and Social MovementsLubeck, PaulBritts, Bryana2001-09-01Framing: Muslim Movements in Urban Situations We live in an intellectual moment when the complexity of the global Islamic revival renders it difficult to generalize about Muslim institutions, social movements and discursive practices. While diversity and locality remain paramount features of Muslim cities, globalization has inadvertently nurtured the extension of transnational Muslim networks into a web of interconnected cities. Quite opportunistically, urban-based Muslim networks now thrive in the interstitial spaces created by the new global communication and transportation infrastructures. What, then, are the long-term patterns for Muslims in cities?Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jd5p2srpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt57m1f5nf2011-03-19T00:02:22Zqt57m1f5nfSilicon Islands and Silicon "Valles": Rethinking Mexican Regional Development Strategies in an Era of GlobalizationLubeck, PaulEischen, Kyle1998-08-01Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/57m1f5nfpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5348j3d22011-03-18T23:58:01Zqt5348j3d2Essays on Indian Economic Policy and Institutional ReformSingh, Nirvikar2006-05-01These essays first appeared as columns in the Financial Express, one of India’s leading financial dailies. Together, they provide what I hope is an integrated perspective on where Indian policy and institutional reform is going, and what remains to be accomplished. Each piece is self-contained, but several themes of institutional reform, especially of governance, run through them. Many of the issues raised are long run problems that transcend the specific time at which the pieces may have been written. These articles also draw on academic empirical and theoretical research wherever possible. Thus, I hope these essays together have some lasting value.Globalization and RegulationEnvironment and DevelopmentSocial MovementsGlobal Economicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5348j3d2publicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4ws1766b2011-03-18T23:53:03Zqt4ws1766bThe Cultural Implications of Democracy, Empowerment and CitizenshipFox, Jonathan A1995-04-19Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ws1766bpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt48n485pc2011-03-18T23:35:36Zqt48n485pcThe Management of International Rivers as Demands Grow and Supplies Tighten: India, China, Nepal, Pakistan, BangladeshCrow, BenSingh, Nirvikar2009-09-01In this study, we describe the challenges of managing Himalayan rivers as a result of climate change and the industrialization and economic growth of India and China. We discuss a range of conceptual issues relevant for negotiations over the management of Himalayan rivers. We introduce the concept of multi-track diplomacy, and apply it to the case of international river management, in the context of innovations incorporated in five international treaties signed in 1996 and 1997. We examine past problems with bilateralism in international river diplomacy, in particular as an obstacle to successful agreement and the potential of more multilateral approaches. We describe the wave of Himalayan water projects being designed and constructed at the beginning of the twenty-first century, based on earlier agreements as well as new initiatives. We note the subsequent implementation problems that have arisen, and the substantial issues that need to be addressed by an expanded group of countries depending on Himalayan rivers. Finally, we consider directions in which current innovations might be extended as bases of regional cooperation, using the multi-track diplomacy framework. We suggest that an independent regulatory agency could facilitate rational development, assist in the management of substantial uncertainties about future flows, and reduce the potential for conflict. We describe the possible structure and functioning of such a new institution.Environment and DevelopmentGlobal EconomicsGlobalization and RegulationSocial MovementsEnvironment and DevelopmentGlobal EconomicsGlobalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/48n485pcpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt47f308pd2011-03-18T23:34:26Zqt47f308pdContext Matters: Latino Immigrant Civic Engagement in Nine US Cities, Reports on Latino Immigrant Civic EngagementBada, XóchitlFox, Jonathan ADonnelly, RobertSelee, Andrew Dan2010-04-01civic engagementimmigrantLatinoapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/47f308pdpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4703m6bf2011-03-18T23:33:54Zqt4703m6bfUnpacking "Transnational Citizenship"Fox, Jonathan A2005-05-01What “counts” as transnational citizenship? Like the related notions of global or transnational civil society, the term’s appeal to internationalists is greater than its conceptual precision. However, a wide range of empirical trends do raise questions about the nation-state-based approach to the concept of citizenship. In an effort to avoid conceptual stretching, this essay assesses the degree to which the concept of transnational citizenship helps to address issues raised by “globalization from below.” Because many approaches to citizenship focus on the dynamics and texture of participation, this review incorporates recent findings in sociology, anthropology, and geography into the political science discussion. The essay is organized by propositions that bring together analysis of two distinct empirical literatures, on transnational civil society and on migrant civic and political participation. The review concludes by contrasting two cross-cutting sets of definitional choices. The discussion is framed by a recognition that definitions of citizenship vary along two main dimensions: in their emphasis on rights versus membership, and in high versus low intensity. Only a very bounded definition of transnational citizenship holds up under conceptual scrutiny, limited to what is also called dual or multiple citizenship for migrants.Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4703m6bfpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt43f9g6qd2011-03-18T23:30:23Zqt43f9g6qdDevelopment Studies and the MarxistsBernstein, Henry2004-07-16In British universities in the 1960s and 1970s, the institutionalization of Development Studies as a distinct field of teaching and research coincided with the rapid growth of Marxist ideas in the social sciences. This chapter considers aspects of Development Studies and Marxist work over the last 40 years or so, including some intrinsic tensions that each brings to their encounters. I try to identify conditions and issues of intellectual production and its practical applications that may be useful to constructing and pursuing the project of an historical, and critical, sociology of knowledge of Development Studies.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/43f9g6qdpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3d95f9sm2011-03-18T23:10:17Zqt3d95f9smEvaluación de las coaliciones binacionales de la sociedad civil a partir de la experiencia México-Estados UnidosFox, Jonathan A2001-07-01Environment and DevelopmentSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d95f9smpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1pd2q6np2011-03-18T22:20:20Zqt1pd2q6npSoftware Development: A View from the OutsideEischen, Kyle2002-05-01From the outside looking in, software development debates seem to be thriving. Both software engineering and craft-based method advocates appear no closer to a consensus now than thirty years ago. Considering the debate from a social and economic viewpoint helps reframe the issue, moving towards a clearer understanding of software and software development. There is much that is unique in software, but also much that, especially conceptually, is and has been debated, discussed and learned before. This places software development debates within historical and current perspective. Bringing software into non-technical frameworks involves translating software issues into equivalent social and economic problem domains. The very act of translating and viewing software through social science domains raises questions - What is software? Why is it hard to make? Why do we care? - that normally are assumed by insiders as obvious and well understood. However, such assumptions are often the central issue at stake that prevents solutions from forming.While there is general agreement on the goal of producing high-quality, low cost software, underlying assumptions concerning the rationalization of software, managing communication and the role of domain-knowledge remain at the heart of development debates. Developing new analogies outside of the current dichotomy of craft and engineering can help highlight these central issues. This also enables software development to learn from existing research on innovation, intellectual work, and information industries to bring new tools to an old debate. Placing domain-knowledge and design at the center of software discussions, opens up a series of issues that can guide software development questions in the short and long-term future.Geography of Information Technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pd2q6nppublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0zc5f88k2011-03-18T22:00:00Zqt0zc5f88kEmancipating Labor InternationalismWaterman, Peter2004-04-24The secular trinity of c19th socialism was Labor-Internationalism-Emancipation. As early-industrial capitalism developed into a national-industrial-colonial capitalism, the internationalism of labor became literally international, and simultaneously lost its emancipatory aspiration and capacity (or vice versa). The dramatic – and labor-devastating – development of a globalised-networked-informatised capitalism is raising the necessity and possibility of a new kind of labor internationalism, capable not only of defence against neo-liberal globalisation but also of an emancipatory challenge to capitalism as such. This implies self-liberation from the traditional (understanding of the) working-class, the trade-union form and socialist ideology. Such an emancipation can be assisted by a recognition of the work and workers produced by a globalized-networked-informatized capitalism. Positively it requires a close articulation of labor with the global justice movement (a.k.a. 'anti-globalization', 'anti-corporate' and 'anti-capitalist'), and serious address to processes, discontents, social actors, movements and alternatives previously considered marginal or irrelevant. An emancipatory labour internationalism will also need to re-discover utopia. The paper responds to the 'New Labor Internationalism' theme of a major international research project on 'Rethinking Social Emancipation'.Social Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zc5f88kpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0rq308jc2011-03-18T21:54:29Zqt0rq308jcWater: Gender and Material Inequalities in the Global SouthCrow, Ben2001-09-01Because water is pivotal for health and livelihoods, inadequate access to water may be a significant cause of poverty and conflict. Poor access to clean water for drinking causes ill health. Poor access to water for agriculture and other livelihoods may be a cause of material deprivation.How people get access to water is surprisingly complex and varied. That access involves natural conditions, human tools and social practices. This paper is about modes of access to water, the main social and technical conditions through which people gain command over water. Modes of access have particular characteristics. Some are free, others cost money. Some, like well-water, require work on the part of the water consumer, while other modes of access, like piped water, may entail little work. The potential for change and for sustainable use of water may also vary according to the mode of access.Water deprivation is widespread, and at the beginning of the twenty-first century it has to be tackled under unpromising conditions. Scarcity is increasing and government action is becoming more constrained. These circumstances demand innovation if water deprivation is to be tackled effectively. That innovation will require us to understand the technical, social and natural dynamics of the main modes of water access.Environment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rq308jcpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt07s6x64j2011-03-18T21:40:14Zqt07s6x64jVertically Integrated Policy Monitoring: A Tool for Civil Society Policy AdvocacyFox, Jonathan A2001-09-01Globalization and RegulationSocial Movementsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/07s6x64jpublicationoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt06p3x9xs2011-03-18T21:38:59Zqt06p3x9xsPaper or Plastic? The Privatization of Global Forestry RegulationLipschutz, Ronnie2005-06-21In 1992, representatives of 180 of the world’s nations met in Rio de Janeiro at the UN Conference on Environment and Development. Among the submissions debated and considered at the “Earth Summit,” as it was called, was one addressing sustainable forestry, with the unwieldy title "Non-legally binding authoritative statement of principles for a global consensus on the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests" Opposition to the Forest Principles was much broader than support for them, and they crashed and burned. Over the intervening years, there have been repeated efforts to launch an International Forest Convention; although UN-sponsored panels, commissions, and forums on forests have worked continuously on the matter since 1995, these efforts have, so far, not been consummated in either an agreement or an organization. The absence of a global forestry convention does not mean the absence of “international” forestry regulations, although these, for the most part, have their origins in long-standing national legal and regulatory systems. One result of the apparent international impasse has been the growing privatization of global forestry regulation. There is nothing new about private law, either domestic or international. But whereas private law was historically constituted by contract among signatories, and usually legitimated through the legal structures of and enforcement by states, private forestry regulation rests on the hope for a form of “social contract” between producers and consumers. Such a contract promises consumer loyalty in return for corporate good behaviour. Indeed, in the face of an international failure to establish a global forestry convention, such “private” initiatives have proliferated, offering competing venues for those interested in fostering “sustainable forestry.” Can such private regulation ensure sustainable forestry? This paper attempts to answer the question. I begin with an examination of the reasons for privatization of forest regulation. In the second part of the chapter, I turn to a discussion of the many initiatives to implement semi-public or private forestry regulation, and the ways in which market-based methods lie at their core. Finally, I assess what I see as the fundamental flaws in such an approach, and argue that the sovereign consumer, when faced with contradictory messages about her purchases in the market and, possibly unmotivated by normative concerns, is not necessarily going to choose an environmentally-friendlier product.Globalization and RegulationEnvironment and Developmentapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/06p3x9xspublication