2024-03-29T08:42:37Zhttps://escholarship.org/oaioai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9fd3h3n22016-07-28T21:38:45Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fd3h3n2Harthorn, Barbara Hauthor2012-04-15publicnanotechnologyscience in societyELSIsocietal implicationsAnnual Report NSF Center for Nanotechnology in Society at University of California at Santa Barbaraarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt36v7p4fj2011-07-03T21:53:14Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/36v7p4fjChen, Chien-Ming ChenauthorDelmas, Magali AauthorMontes, Maria J.author2010-01-01Increasing social concerns over the environmental externalities associated with business activities are pushing firms to identify activities that create economic value with less environmental impact and to become more eco-efficient. However, this task has proven challenging because there is no systematic methodology to integrate undesirable outputs, such as emissions, in the calculation of economic or productive efficiency. In this paper, we develop a methodology based on the nonparametric frontier approach to measure corporate eco-efficiency, and to compare it to productive efficiency. Our eco-efficiency model rectifies several problems encountered in existing approaches. Our methodology allows us to calculate, for each firm, the reduction in emissions necessary to attain eco-efficiency. In addition, our methodology measures changes in efficiency attributed to undesirable outputs. We apply our methodology to data from 84 U.S. electric utilities in 2007. Our analysis demonstrates how incorporating undesirable outputs in the measurement of efficiency can impact the distance of the firm to the best industry practice. We describe future research directions and potential applications of the methodology for managers and policymakers.publicOther Social and Behavioral SciencesOrganizational studies: ProductivityNatural resources: EnergyProgramming: Linear applicationsEco- vs. productive efficiency: A new approach to effective and comparative performance analysisarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3j09382v2011-07-03T19:06:28Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j09382vAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2004-01-11publicAttitudes toward policelaw enforcementlatinohispanicspanishSanta Barbara Resident Survey (Spanish Version) on Attitudes Toward Santa Barbara Police Departmentarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4xg9g7rs2011-07-03T13:06:46Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xg9g7rsBimber, BruceauthorDavis, Richardauthor2002-04-01In 2000, campaign web sites served mainly reinforcing functions for supporters of candidates, rather than serving to mobilize non-voters or assist undecided voters in making electoral choices. Most people visiting political web sites are politically knowledgeable and have fairly strong candidate preferences from the outset in favor of the sponsor of the web site. A majority of visitors to candidates' sites return for subsequent visits following their first.publicInternet & PoliticsPolitical CampaignsThe Internet in Campaign 2000: How Political Web Sites Reinforce Partisan Engagmentarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt82r2r7602011-07-03T13:06:37Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/82r2r760Hajek, ChristopherauthorBarker, ValerieauthorGiles, HowardauthorMakoni, SinfreeauthorPecchioni, LorettaauthorLouw-Potgieter, JohaauthorMyers, Paulauthor2006-11-20Research in the American West, China, and Taiwan has shown that officers’ communication accommodative practices (and attributed trust in them) can be more potent predictors of satisfaction with the police than are the socio-demographic characteristics of those judging. With Black and White respondents, this study continues this line of work in Louisiana and South Africa and tests a new model about the relationships among perceived officer accommodation, trust in the police, and reported voluntary compliance from civilians. In addition to an array of differences that emerged between nations and ethnicities, officer accommodativeness indirectly predicted civilian compliance through trust. The hypothesized model was partially supported and culturally-sensitive.publicSouth AfricansLouisiananslaw enforcementpolicepolice-civilian relationscommunication accommodationtrustAfrican AmericansBlack South Africanssafetyobeyintergroup contactCommunicative Dynamics of Police-Civilian Encounters: American and African Interethnic Dataarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4tf665g02011-07-03T13:06:30Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tf665g0Anderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2004-01-11publicattitudes toward policelaw enforcementlatinohispanicspanishSanta Barbara Resident Survey (Spanish Version backtranslated to English) on Attitudes Toward Santa Barbara Police Departmentarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6k1435662011-07-03T13:06:25Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k143566Anderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2005-12-01publicpolicinglaw enforcementcommunicationcommunicatingcommunicativefairnesseffectivenesscommunication accommodation theoryA Review of Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidencearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt85j5v17p2011-07-03T13:06:20Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/85j5v17pDelmas, Magali AauthorMontiel, Ivanauthor2007-09-11Voluntary programs are now widely used by governments and other actors to improve the environmental performance of firms beyond regulatory compliance. However, it is important to understand the effectiveness and limitations of these voluntary approaches. This paper investigates the rationale for firms to ‘comply’ with or ‘resist’ the mandate of their customers to adopt the international certified management standard (CMS) ISO 14001 in the North American automotive industry. We argue that the effectiveness of such a mandate will vary according to the characteristics of the relationship between suppliers and customers. We contrast and test hypotheses based on both transaction costs economics and signaling theories to suggest that both suppliers marked by a dependent relationship with their customers as well as those marked by a distant relationship with their customers have incentives to comply with the requests of their customers but through different mechanisms. Our results, based on the analysis of the characteristics of 3,152 automotive suppliers located in the US, Canada and Mexico over the 2000-2003 period, indicate that suppliers with highly specialized assets as well as younger suppliers and those reporting to the Toxic Release Inventory are more likely to adopt the certified management standard ISO 14001.publicISO 14001Voluntary standardsinternational diffusionAutomotive industryenvironmental managementsupply chainenvironmental voluntary programs.THE ADOPTION OF ISO 14001 WITHIN THE SUPPLY CHAIN: WHEN ARE CUSTOMER PRESSURES EFFECTIVE?articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt18v2p62w2011-07-03T13:06:15Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/18v2p62wDelmas, Magali A.authorTokat, Yesimauthor2003-02-22This paper is an empirical assessment of the comparative efficiency of governance structures in an environment marked by high uncertainty. We analyze the short-term impact of retail deregulation on the productive efficiency of electric utilities in the United States. We argue that there are transitory costs linked to the process of deregulation. The business strategy literature suggests different governance structures to cope with uncertainty linked to changing regulatory environments. Transaction cost economics suggests that firms may reduce their exposure to the uncertainty created by the process of deregulation by adopting vertical integration strategies. Organizational scholars on the contrary argue that firms vertically disintegrate and adopt flexible governance structures to increase their adaptability to the new conditions. Our empirical analysis is based on 177 investor-owned electric utilities representing 83% of the total U.S. electricity production by utilities from 1998-2001. Our results show that the process of deregulation has a negative impact on firms’ productive efficiency measured using Data Envelopment Analysis. However, firms that are vertically integrated into electricity generation or that rely on the market for the supply of their electricity are more efficient than firms that adopt hybrid structures combining vertical integration and contracting.publictransaction costsgovernance structuresuncertaintyderegulationefficiencyDEREGULATION PROCESS, GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES AND EFFICIENCY: THE U.S. ELECTRIC UTILITY SECTORarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2zj3j8m82011-07-03T09:53:27Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj3j8m8Giles, HowardauthorFortman, JenniferauthorDailey, ReneauthorAnderson, Michelle Chernikoffauthor2003-03-25publicattitudes toward policelaw enforcementsanta barbaraaccommodationPresentation to Santa Barbara Police Department on Results of Resident Surveyarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt04m1x44h2011-07-03T09:44:44Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/04m1x44hDelmas, Magali A.authorMarcus, Alfredauthor2003-05-01This paper extends transaction costs economics to analyze relationships between firms and regulatory agencies. It compares the economic efficiency of firm-agency governance structures for dealing with pollution reduction. The transaction costs of three ideal type governance structures are analyzed: command and control regulation, market based mechanisms, and negotiated agreements. We propose that the choice of governance structure will depend on the strategies firms are pursuing given their transaction attributes and market opportunities.publictransaction cost economicsbusiness strategygovernance structurenon-market strategylobbyingenvironmental regulationcommand and control regulationmarket based echanismsnegotiated agreements.FIRMS' CHOICE OF REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS TO REDUCE POLLUTION: A TRANSACTION COST APPROACHarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4302p24q2011-07-03T09:44:38Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4302p24qAppelbaum, Richard P.author2000-08-16In this paper we address the question of how sweatshop production can be opposed, given the globalization of the apparel industry and the dominance of retailers in its commodity chain. After briefly reviewing conditions in the industry, we discuss the role that consumer pressure might play. We discuss three different, but potentially complementary, approaches: agreements between nations, codes of conduct and monitoring, and worker empowerment. We conclude with an analysis of the Workers’ Rights Consortium, a newly-created organization comprised of universities, students, and non-governmental organizations. We conclude that despite its limitations, a vibrant consumer-based movement is emerging which – when united with efforts to organize workers at the point of production – has the potential of reducing sweatshop production in this most globalized of industries.publicgloballabor standardssweatshopsFighting Sweatshops: Problems of Enforcing Global Labor Standardsarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1qb9c6hh2011-07-03T09:44:33Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qb9c6hhDalvi, Sameeraauthor2004-12-01publicHomosexuality and the European Court of Human Rights: Recent Judgments Against the United Kingdom and Their Impact on Other Signatories to the European Convention of Human Rightsarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt52d406tv2011-07-03T09:44:27Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/52d406tvGiles, HowardauthorFortman, JenniferauthorDailey, RenéauthorBarker, ValerieauthorHajek, ChristopherauthorAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorRule, Nicholas O.author2005-09-21While there is a burgeoning literature on diverse aspects of intergroup communication and some attention to media depictions of police officers and policing, very little research addresses communicative dimensions of police-civilian encounters. This is important to the extent that while it has been estimated that the vast amount of police training is devoted to physical compliance issues, 98% of actual law enforcement practice revolves around communicating with the public and its safety needs. Thus, the communication between police officers and civilians warrants examination. In this chapter, we overview the separate literatures on attitudes toward the police and communication accommodation theory. The findings of three studies are presented exploring the role of accommodation, alongside socio-demographic and other variables, in predicting attitudes toward police. The three studies encompass three different populations: English-speaking adults, Spanish-speaking adults, and university students. Analyses reveal similar results across the samples. In general, accommodation by officers predicts civilians’ rating of officer performance as well as satisfaction when interacting with the police. These findings suggest that more attention should be directed at developing communication skills in general and accommodative ones in particular.publicpolicelaw enforcementaccommodationcommunicationpublicattitude toward policeCommunication Accommodation: Law Enforcement and the Publicarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt21t7g1q12011-07-02T15:34:52Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/21t7g1q1Bimber, BruceauthorAlmeroth, KevinauthorPatton, RobauthorChun, DorothyauthorFlanagin, AndrewauthorLiu, Alanauthor2002-03-01The future of technology on the university campus has reached a critical juncture. In this paper we propose eight areas in which substantial changes in university education may be at hand: Students, Instructional Design and Pedagogic Techniques, Teachers and the Institutional Setting, New Forms of Content and Exchange, Intellectual Property, Infrastructure, Power and Data, Support, and Security & Backup. It is our determination that leadership must play a critical role in the equation, not only to implement technological developments but also to plan adequately for long-term changes. We conclude with eight hypotheses about technology and learning in the University intended to be provocative and to stimulate discussion and analysis.publicEducation-TechnologyHigher EducationTechnology InfrastructureThe Future of Technology and the Universityarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1m09m53h2011-07-02T15:34:48Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m09m53hHumfrey, JonathanauthorRollins, SamiauthorAlmeroth, KevinauthorBimber, Bruceauthor2003-01-01As more universities and research institutions develop digital classrooms, a common theme is arising: the need to manage complexity. As more technology is added to a classroom in order to facilitate the presentation, transmission and recording of digital media, the complexity of the environment increases dramatically. By planning the design and implementation of a digital classroom with a strong focus on managing complexity from the beginning, it should be possible to deploy a highly functional classroom environment that employs advanced technology while at the same time managing the inherent complexity in such a way as to reduce the barriers to use. In this paper, we will examine how complexity arises within four specific areas: audio engineering, video production, encoding/decoding, and administration. We then present a list of solutions and conclude with an overview of what we have learned in the deployment of our own digital classroom, the Collaborative Technology Laboratory (CTL).publicDigital ClassroomEducation-TechnologyMulti-Media Production environmentCollaborative Technologies LaboratoryManaging Complexity in a Networked Learning Environmentarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7v25x4qv2011-07-02T15:34:43Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v25x4qvAlmeroth, KevinauthorRollins, SamiauthorShen, ZhongnanauthorBimber, Bruceauthor2003-01-01Incorporating a significant amount of technology into a classroom is an important, but extremely difficult task. In this paper we describe the next generation of the UCSB digital classroom, called the Collaborative Technologies Lab (CTL). The primary goal of the CTL is to investigate the challenges of deploying technology for technology's sake. We feel that without the ability to deploy a large amount of technology and offer robust functionality, the whole idea of enhanced learning environments becomes marginalized. Therefore, it is critical to understand the challenges of deeply embedding technology in a classroom. Based on experience in building and using the CTL, in this paper we propose a demarcation point between program production and content encoding. This demarcation point offers the advantage of breaking a large technical problem into smaller, easier-to-solve problems. The demarcation point also has the advantage of being able to separate complex functions along common lines of expertise. One skilled in production need not worry about the technology of the encoding systems and one skilled in technology need not worry about the ascetics of program productionpublicDigital ClassroomEducation-TechnologyMulti-MediaProduction environmentCollaborative Technologies LaboratoryCreating a Demarcation Point between Content Production and Encoding in a Digital Classroomarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2xx3965m2011-07-02T15:34:23Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xx3965mJohnson, DianeauthorPatton, RobauthorMichaels, GeorgeauthorBimber, BruceauthorAlmeroth, Kevinauthor2003-02-01College students exploit information technology to cheat on papers and assignments, but for the most part university faculty employ few technological techniques to detect cheating. This paper reports on a trial of software for the detection of cheating in a large undergraduate survey class. The paper discusses the decision to adopt electronic means for screening student papers, the techniques used, the outcome, strategic concerns regarding deterrence versus detection of cheating, and the results of a survey of student attitudes about the experience. The paper advances the thesis that easily-adopted techniques not only close a sophistication gap associated with computerized cheating, but can place faculty in a stronger position than they have ever enjoyed historically with regard to the deterrence and detection of some classes of plagiarism.publicAcademic integrityPlagiarismEducation-TechnologyCheatingTechnology and Plagiarism in the University: Brief Report of a Trial in Dectecting Cheatingarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt54g219vv2011-07-02T15:34:18Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/54g219vvMehta, AashishauthorFelipe, JesusauthorQuising, PilipinasauthorCamingue, Shielaauthor2007-11-08We analyze large nationally representative surveys of the labor force from three developing Asian economies (India, the Philippines and Thailand) at two points in time separated by a decade or more. Secondary and tertiary education attainment rose in the interim while the Mincerian education-wage profile became more convex. We document these shifts, allowing for inter-cohort dynamics. Returns to secondary education fell. Returns to college rose for older workers everywhere and for young workers in India, but fell for young Thais and Filipinos. We develop a new decomposition that permits us to attribute the shifting returns to education to the evolving structure of employment and inter- and intra-industry wage patterns. Secondary returns fell sharply in every sector as secondary-educated workers rapidly became available, while employment structures shifted slowly to absorb them. Conversely, rising returns within modern services were instrumental in lifting the returns to tertiary education. More manufacturing jobs will enable the Philippines to leverage higher growth from its human capital stock. Returns to secondary education in India have come to depend less on the manufacturing sector as manufacturing employment growth has been concentrated in low-skill sub-sectors. The intercohort divergence in returns to college arises in the Philippines and Thailand because excess young college-educated workers are pushed into low-wage or low-return jobs, while older college graduates are more likely to work in modern services. As modern service employment grows slowly, the largest and growing share of services employment has been in low-wage traditional services. From an employment perspective, “services-led development” therefore appears to be a red herring.publicEducationEmployment StructureStructural ChangeWage InequalityCHANGING PATTERNS IN MINCERIAN RETURNS TO EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE IN THREE ASIAN COUNTRIESarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2z94r6z12011-07-02T15:34:08Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z94r6z1Appelbaum, Richard P.author2004-05-10On January 1, 2005, the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA), which establishes quotas on different categories of apparel and textile imports to the US and the EU, will be fully phased out. The quota system, which has been in force for nearly thirty years, has resulted in the global dispersion of textile and apparel production, by restricting imports from countries that – based on market conditions – would have a larger volume of exports were they not constrained by their quota allocations. There is concern among many developing countries that the elimination of quotas will result in a loss of apparel and textile exports to a relative handful of countries that will have a competitive advantage. This research addresses these questions, in an effort to better understand the dynamics of global sourcing in the textile and apparel industries. It is based primarily on a review of existing research, both macro-level research that simulates world trade patterns, and case studies of individual countries. It also examines World Bank data on textile and apparel exports. The study shows that large retailers play an increasingly important role in determining the nature apparel production, including a preference for “lean retailing” that favors Hong Kong, Taiwanese, Korean, and Chinese suppliers. The changing nature of production is discussed, including the importance of well-established relationships between Asian suppliers and U.S. and EU buyers – relationships that enable the Asian suppliers to operate effectively across many different countries. The impact of MFA phase-out is discussed, with special emphasis on several sub-Sahara African countries, for which some information is available concerning the role of foreign suppliers. The paper concludes with a number of policies that might mitigate the anticipated effects of MFA phase-out.publicMFAMultifiber ArrangementMultifibre AgreementAgreement on Textiles and ClothingatcFDITextile and Apparel QuotasTextile and Apparel ExportsAssessing the Impact of the Phasing-out of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing on Apparel Exports on the Least Developed and Developing Countriesarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3p4354z82011-07-02T15:34:03Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p4354z8(2005), UNCTADauthorAppelbaum, Richard P.author2005-06-29For developing countries, the textiles and clothing industries have traditionally been an important gateway to industrialization and increased exports. With the expiration of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, the quota system originally set up through the Multifibre Arrangement was phased out. This has important implications for the allocation of export-oriented production and is likely to affect in various ways a large number of developing countries that rely heavily on such exports.Drawing on a wide range of studies as well as on original research, this volume shows that transnational corporations (TNCs) are likely to play a critical role in determining the future global production structure in these industries. First, the sourcing strategies of a small number of very large retailing companies (based in the United States, Europe and Japan) place stringent requirements on the locations in which textiles and clothes will be produced. Second, the investment strategies of large transnational producers (mostly based in East Asia) will also affect the final outcome. Foreign affiliates of such developing-country TNCs already account for the bulk of exports from many developing economies. The growing role of TNC producers is still not well understood, and more research is needed on their strategies and the impact of their international investments. As TNCs become more important at the production stage, their bargaining power increases vis-à-vis retailers in developed economies.With the removal of quotas, sourcing and investment decisions are affected more by economic fundamentals. But low labour costs alone will not be sufficient to attract investment. There is likely to be more consolidation of production into larger factories in a smaller number of locations. China and India are likely to be in a particularly strong position in this new geography of production, but various factors may also work against too much consolidation. Proximity to markets continues to play an important role for some product categories, and some producers have signalled that they will retain several production bases in order not to become too dependent on a single source country. Moreover, various trade policy measures also influence sourcing and investment decisions. Data on foreign direct investment (FDI) projects in textiles and clothing manufacturing show that China, Bulgaria, the United States, Hungary, Brazil and India attracted the largest number of such projects in 2002–2004.The removal of quotas generally means intensified competition for FDI in textiles and clothing.To become or stay competitive as host locations, countries will need to develop their ability to move away from simple assembly to “full-package” production and eventually original brand manufacture. But replicating the success of East Asia will be difficult. Key policy areas in this regard include identification of specialized niches; skills training and technological upgrading; investment in information technology; improvement of infrastructure such as ports and export processing zones; and leveraging of existing tariff preferences in the global trading system. Moreover, investment promotion agencies may identify some of the major transnational producers as key addresses for future marketing activities.publicpparel and textile quotasMultifiber ArrangementMFAAgreement on Textiles and ClothingATCleast developed countriesLDCstransnational corporationsTNCsTNCs and the Removal of Textiles and Clothing Quotasarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9996w0gj2011-07-02T15:33:58Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9996w0gjAppelbaum, Richard P.author2004-01-24The purpose of this paper is propose two vastly different approaches to studying the role of commodity chains in the global economy. Both use the commodity chains framework to analyze the possibilities for industrial upgrading. The first proposes to develop an index of industrial upgrading in individual countries, and then use the index as the dependent variable in causal models incorporating various predictors of industrial upgrading. The second, somewhat more adventurous strategy, proposes a commodity chains-based decision approach that would attempt to model the complex interactions between the commodity chain and its regional environment. The first approach is developed considerably more extensively than the second (which is barely developed at all), both because it builds on former work I have done with others (including David Smith, who is part of this workshop), and because it seems reasonably possible to accomplish empirically. The second approach is developed more briefly and speculatively; suggestions would be appreciated.publicCommodity Chains and Economic Development: One and a Half Proposals for Spatially-Oriented Researcharticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08w052sb2011-07-02T15:33:54Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08w052sbAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2006-12-06The opening of the Center on Police Practices and Community (COPPAC) at the University of California, Santa Barbara ~ Researching Today for a Safer Tomorrow ~publicUCSBCOPPACpoliceresearchcenter"Research on Policing Will Benefit Society"articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5cp6n8fm2011-07-02T15:33:49Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cp6n8fmAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howrdauthor2006-12-06Results of Attitude Towards Police (ATP) surveys regarding Santa Barbara Police Department and UC Santa Barbara Police Department, Chief MacPherson and "the importance of communicating respect and concern for the needs of community members, one person at a time".publicSBPDUCSBpolicesurveyMacPherson"Survey Gives UCSB, Santa Barbara Police High Marks"articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5ck598cb2011-07-02T15:33:44Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ck598cbAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2006-12-06publicAfter InnocenceCOPPACDNAAtkins"Avoidable Errors and Their Victims" Letter to the Editor re: After Innocencearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3sg8904s2011-07-02T15:33:39Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sg8904sDailey, René M.authorReid, Scott A.authorAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2006-12-05Law enforcement continually walks a fine-line between the protection and the violation of individual rights. It derives its power from the community it serves, and it is accountable to that community. To ensure the latter, some cities have implemented community review systems that monitor police conduct. These systems are intended to be impartial evaluators of law enforcement, in particular, complaints against law enforcement. We analyze the various structures and characteristics of community review systems, as well as the empirical research attending them. In doing so, we situate the problems associated with community review systems from a social psychological perspective, arguing that their shortcomings may be remedied through a consideration of intergroup processes which focus on shared identity and the role of power differentiation between police and community. Finally, we suggest improvements and further research.publicciviliansreview boardsintergroupcommunicationlaw enforcementpolicecommunitycommunity reviewprocedural justiceCommunity Review of Police Conduct: An Intergroup Perspectivearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2bp2k7jr2011-07-02T15:33:33Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bp2k7jrAnderson, Michelle Chernikoffauthor2006-12-04publiclaw enforcementpoliceacademiacommunitypolice-community relationssymposiumprocedural justicecommunication accommodation theoryBuilding the Case: Why Should We Care About Police-Community Relations? Current Researcharticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1579j7vb2011-07-02T15:33:27Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1579j7vbGiles, HowardauthorDailey, Renéauthor2003-10-01A review of Regina Lawrence's The Politics of Force: Media and the Consturction of Police Brutality and Jeffrey Ian Ross' Making News of Police Violence: A Comparative Study of Toronto and New York CitypublicpolicemediaforceviolencebrutalityTorontoNew York CityCommunicating Police Misconduct: Alleged, Variably Reported, and/or Real?articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9gn486c72011-07-02T15:33:22Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gn486c7Giles, Howardauthor2006-11-22publicpolicinglinguisticslaw enforcementspeechReview of Speaking of Crime: The Language of Criminal Jusitcearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt71h0g4252011-07-02T15:33:17Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/71h0g425Giles, HowardauthorAnderson, Michelle Chernikoffauthor2003-01-01publicstress in policingpolice liabilitycommunity policingLiability, Stress and Community: Communicative Issues in Policingarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt63d3793f2011-07-02T15:33:13Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/63d3793fGiles, HowardauthorZwang-Weissman, YardenaauthorHajek, Christorpherauthor2004-01-01426 students rated a vignette wherein an older person was patronized (more or less) or not by a police officer. Trait attributions were linearly related to extent of patronization: predictably negative for the patronizers, yet positive for the recipients. Visual appearances of patronizers and patronizees did not influence these patterns.publicpolicelaw enforcementelderlypatronizing speechPatronizing and Policing Elderly Peoplearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt77z0161r2011-07-02T15:33:07Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/77z0161rAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2005-07-26Surveys (available separately on eRepository) were administered to 32 UC Santa Barbara students before and after touring the Santa Barbara County Jail. Respondents' perceptions of law enforcement (attitude toward police: ATP) increased significantly along five dimensions.This study demonstrates not only the immediate benefit to law enforcement in exposing the public to the inside of jails, but the major role that communication plays in how the community perceives law enforcement.Understanding the role of communication in police--community relations can open the door to police--community partnerships that improve the effectiveness and safety of both community members and law enforcement officers.publicattitude toward policesurveyjaillaw enforcementJail Tour Presentationarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4798c0jz2011-07-02T15:33:02Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4798c0jzAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2005-03-01This instrument is used to compare attitudes toward law enforcement before and after county jail tours.publicsurveyinstrumentjailattitude towards policeJail Tour Surveyarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3bn855np2011-07-02T15:32:57Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bn855npGiles, HowardauthorAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorHajek, Chrisauthor2003-09-05publicattitudes toward policelaw enforcementuniversity policeaccommodationstudentsPresentation to University of California Santa Barbara Police Department on Results of Student Surveyarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9gs5q3t42011-07-02T15:32:37Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gs5q3t4Giles, HowardauthorAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorMous, Anonyauthor2003-07-01publicattitudes toward policelaw enforcementrussiarussianaccommodationRussian Survey (Russian Version) on Attitudes Toward Russian Policearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt33x3p5bk2011-07-02T15:32:32Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/33x3p5bkHajek, ChrisauthorAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2003-04-15publicUniversity PoliceAttitudes toward policelaw enforcementUniversity of California at Santa Barbara Student Survey on Attitudes Toward University Policearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3dr2r9g22011-07-02T15:32:27Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dr2r9g2Anderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorGiles, Howardauthor2002-04-18publicSanta Barbara Police DepartmentAttitudes Toward PolicePerceptions of PoliceLaw EnforcementSanta Barbara Resident Survey (English Version) on Attitudes Toward Santa Barbara Police Departmentarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4qr2x8p32011-07-02T15:32:22Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qr2x8p3Ford, AnabelauthorWernecke, Clarkauthor2000-12-01publicAssessing the Situation at El Pilar: Chronology, Survey, Conservation, and Management Planning for the 21st Centuryarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt01g777g02011-07-02T15:32:12Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/01g777g0Research Center, MesoAmericanauthor2002-12-01publicAdaptive Management in the Maya Forest: Patnership at El Pilararticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt433055x92011-07-02T15:32:05Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/433055x9Belkin, AaronauthorEvans, R.L.author2000-11-01publicThe Effects of Including Gay and Lesbian Soldiers in the British Armed Forces: Appraising the Evidencearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7d0448362011-07-02T15:32:00Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d044836Belkin, AaronauthorMcNichol, Jasonauthor2001-11-01publicPink and Blue: Outcomes Associated with the Integration of Open Gay and Lesbian Personnel in the San Diego Police Departmentarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2wv6s1qb2011-07-02T15:31:49Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wv6s1qbEvans, Rhondaauthor2001-11-01publicU.S Military Policies Concerning Homosexuals: Development, Implementation and Outcomesarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0bb4j7ss2011-07-02T15:31:43Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bb4j7ssBelkin, Aaronauthor2003-07-01publicDon’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Is the Gay Ban Based on Military Necessity?articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1wz0956k2011-07-02T15:31:38Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wz0956kEvans, Rhondaauthor2003-06-01publicA History of the Service of Ethnic Minorities in the U.S. Armed Forcesarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2d5373r32011-07-02T15:31:33Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d5373r3Canaday, Margotauthor2002-05-01publicThe Effect of Sodomy Laws on Lifting the Ban on Homosexual Personnel: Three Case Studiesarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51d2b60d2011-07-02T15:31:28Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51d2b60dFrank, Nathanielauthor2004-09-15publicGays and Lesbians at War: Military Service in Iraq and Afghanistan Under “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4qv7c61b2011-07-02T15:31:18Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qv7c61bDelmas, Magali AauthorGrant, Laura Eauthor2008-01-09Eco-labeling signals that a product has been eco-certified. While there is increasing use of eco-labeling practices, there is still little understanding of the conditions under which eco-labels can command price premiums. In this paper, we argue that the certification of environmental practices by a third party should be analyzed as a strategy distinct from although related to the advertisement of the eco-certification through a label posted on the product. By assessing eco-labeling and eco-certification strategies separately, we are able to identify benefits associated with the certification process independently from those associated with the actual label. More specifically, we argue in the context of the wine industry that eco-certification can provide benefits, such as improved reputation in the industry or increased product quality, which can lead to a price premium without the need to use the eco-label. We estimate this price premium of wine due to the eco-certification of grapes using 13,400 observations of wine price, quality rating, varietals, vintage, and number of bottles produced, for the period 1998-2005. Overall, certifying wine increases the price by 13%, yet including an eco-label reduces the price by 20%. This result confirms the negative connotation associated by consumers with organic wine. The price premium of this luxury good due to certification acts independently from its label, a confounding result not previously demonstrated by related literature.publiceco-labelenvironmental strategiesself-regulationwine researchprice premiuminformation disclosureinformation strategiesorganicbiodynamicEco-Labeling Strategies: The Eco-Premium Puzzle in the Wine Industryarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0td044q52011-07-02T15:31:04Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0td044q5Delmas, Magali AauthorSHIMSHACK, JAY PauthorMontes, Maria J.author2007-08-13A "third wave" of environmental policy has recently emerged that emphasizes information provision as an integral part of the risk mitigation strategy. While theory suggests that information programs may correct market failures and improve welfare, the empirical effectiveness of these programs remains largely undetermined. We show that mandatory information disclosure programs in the electricity industry achieve stated policy goals. We find that the average proportion of fossil fuels decreases and the average proportion of clean fuels increases in response to disclosure programs. However, the programs also produce unintended consequences. Customer composition and pre-existing fuel mix significantly affect program response, suggesting that effective information disclosure policies may not be efficient.publicdisclosure policyinformationfuel mixelectric utilitiesInformation Disclosure Policies: Evidence from the Electricity Industryarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9nc7f2d82011-07-02T15:30:59Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nc7f2d8Delmas, Magali Aauthor2007-08-01This paper investigates the determinants of the early adoption of the international environmental management standard ISO 14001 using a panel of 84 countries from 1996 to 2002. It analyzes the relationship between firms’ decisions to adopt international management standards and institutional factors. The analysis emphasizes that, in the case of an emerging standard, the potential lack of consensus within the regulatory/institutional environment concerning the value of a new standard could send mixed signals to firms about the standard. The results show that in the early phase of adoption, regulative and normative forces within the institutional environment can work against each other. This study contributes to the institutional theory perspective by offering a more complex specification of the neo-institutional model where institutional forces can compete with each other.publicInstitutional theoryManagement standardInternational ManagementEnvironmental Management StandardInternational StandardISO 14001Diffusion of management practices.AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE DIFFUSION OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT STANDARDS: THE CASE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STANDARD ISO 14001articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7dj6x7m82011-07-02T15:30:46Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dj6x7m8Delmas, Magali AauthorMontes, Maria J.author2007-08-01Within the context of environmental voluntary agreements (VAs), this paper analyzes how free riding affects the effectiveness of collective corporate political strategies that aim at shaping government policy. We demonstrate that substantive cooperative strategies are more likely to be pursued by firms that enter a VA at its initiation while free riding or symbolic cooperation is more likely to be adopted by late joiners. We demonstrate that late joiners and early joiners within VAs adopt different cooperative strategies because they face different institutional pressures. We also find that late joiners that cooperate only symbolically may endanger the overall effectiveness of a VA. Our analysis is based on the strategies of firms participating in the Climate Challenge Program established in 1995 by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the representatives of the national electric utilities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.publicFree RidingCollective ActionInstitutional TheorySymbolic ActionEnvironmental Voluntary AgreementsPublic GoodNon-Market StrategyVoluntary Agreements to Improve Environmental Quality: Are late joiners the free riders?articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6v1153992011-07-02T15:30:40Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6v115399Delmas, Magali AauthorRusso, Michael V.author2005-04-05This paper analyzes how economic deregulation impacts resource reconfiguration in the electric utility industry. We argue that to understand strategic change in this industry, we need to understand how development and deployment of a firm's resources reflects path dependencies that nonmarket actors impose on firms. We find evidence that the deregulation introduced to this historically staid industry has stimulated environmental differentiation strategies for incumbent firms. Consistent with theories that suggest differentiation is most likely to appear where its point of uniqueness is valued by customers, utilities engaged in differentiation if they served states whose populace exhibited a higher level of environmental sensitivity. The tendency for firms to differentiate is lessened if they are relatively more dependent on coal-fired generation or relatively more efficient. In both of these cases, the variables are associated with lower operating costs, in turn demonstrating that firms sort themselves into either differentiation or low cost strategies as their environments reflect more market-like segmentation in a deregulated world. This paper contributes to the resource based view of the firm by highlighting the importance of the nonmarket context in which resources are developed and leveraged.publicderegulationnonmarket environmentenvironmental performanceenvironmental differentiationrenewable energyresource based viewelectric utilityDEREGULATION AND RESOURCE RECONFIGURATION IN THE ELECTRIC UTILITY INDUSTRYarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9905b1nv2011-07-02T15:30:20Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9905b1nvDelmas, Magali A.author2003-02-06This paper analyzes the determinants of the cross-national adoption of the international Environmental Management System standard ISO 14001 using a panel of 102 countries from 1996 to 2000. I use new institutional economics to develop hypotheses on the impact of the institutional environment on the cost of adopting the management standard. I also develop hypotheses using the institutional sociology perspective to address the role of the institutional environment in affecting demand and legitimation processes related to the standard. The results of the statistical analysis show that both rationales of cost minimization and legitimation play a role in the adoption of the standard. Using both theories improves our understanding of institutional forces affecting the early adoption of emerging management standards.publicIN SEARCH OF ISO: AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT STANDARDSarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40f8w19g2011-07-02T10:58:41Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40f8w19gAppelbaum, Richard P.authorBonacich, EdnaauthorQuan, Katieauthor2005-02-05The right to organize is the worker's most effective weapon against exploitative conditions. Yet the global “race to the bottom” has turned the weapon of unionizing – and the anti-sweatshop struggle overall – into a double-edged sword. If workers organize they are likely to lose their jobs, as corporations pursue factories where unions are forbidden and cheap labor is therefore guaranteed. But if workers do not organize, their rights will continue to be violated. These conditions pose a significant challenge for the anti-sweatshop movement – a challenge that will increase with the end of apparel quotas. This paper begins by reviewing the impact of the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) and the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) – two regulatory frameworks that have governed global trade in these commodities for 30 years. This regulatory framework came to an end on January 1, 2005 with the WTO-mandated end of textile and apparel import quotas. A large body of research on the probable result of the end of the quota system concludes that a small number of countries (and primarily China) are likely to be the chief beneficiaries of the end of quotas, while a large number of countries are likely to suffer significant declines in their apparel and textile export industries. The paper discusses two trends which are transforming the nature of global trade in textiles and apparel (indeed, in all consumer goods): The rise of giant retailers as the key actors in the global supply chain, and the rise of giant transnational contractors – based mainly in East Asia – that are emerging as its chief suppliers. The paper concludes with a discussion of what countries can do to mitigate the impact of the end of quotas on their textile and apparel industries, as well as some suggestions for the anti-sweatshop movement.publicappareltextileMultifiber ArrangementMFAAgreement on Textiles and ClothingATCquota phase-outsweatshopWorker Rights ConsortiumWRCUnited Students Against SweatshopsUSASChinaThe End of Apparel Quotas: A Faster Race to the Bottom?articlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5n9649fm2011-07-02T10:38:40Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n9649fmTerman, Sharonauthor2004-05-01publicThe Practical and Conceptual Problems with Regulating Harassment in a Discriminatory Institutionarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28g1s9992011-07-02T10:38:27Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/28g1s999Giles, HowardauthorAnderson, Michelle ChernikoffauthorHajek, Chrisauthor2003-07-01publicattitudes toward policeaccommodationlaw enforcementcross culturalInternational Surveyarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5bg9n39z2011-07-02T10:38:16Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bg9n39zNewfield, Chrisauthor2006-03-01Major issues surrounding the impact of emerging nanotechnologies on society were well represented at a conference on human enhancement at the Said Business School at the University of Oxford. The essay describes the contrasting perspectives of speakers from the United States, Continental Europe, and the global South. Cutting across regional differences was a second debate: while some participants felt that social issues were presented as a drain on scientific progress, others, including the author, argued that culture and society should be analyzed alongside science as positive contributors to human enhancement. The essay suggests that creative process is a better model of societal governance of science than is regulation alone, and that this perspective might help bridge some of the conference's contrasting perspectives.publicnanotechnologyhuman enhancementtranshumanismscience and societyNational Nanotechnology InitiativeNational Science FoundationCenter for Nanotechnology in SocietyEthical Legal and Societal Issues (ELSI)public engagementNano-Punk For Tomorrow's Peoplearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0tj9033f2011-07-02T10:23:34Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tj9033fBateman, GeoffreyauthorDalvi, Sameeraauthor2004-02-01publicMultinational Military Units and Homosexual Personnelarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt14n2w0x12011-07-02T10:23:28Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/14n2w0x1Belkin, AaronauthorEmbser-Herbert, Melissa Sheridanauthor2003-01-01publicA Modest Proposal: Privacy as a Flawed Rationale for the Exclusion of Gays and Lesbians from the U.S. Militaryarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt68r096f72011-07-02T10:23:23Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68r096f7Giles, HowardauthorHajek, ChristopherauthorBarker, ValerieauthorChen, Mei-LinauthorZhang, Yan BingauthorHummert, Mary LeeauthorAnderson, Michelle Chernikoffauthor2006-12-04In this chapter, we focus on Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT)'s utility for analyzing one under-studied domain of intergroup communication, namely police-civilian encounters. By so doing, we focus on one aspect of institutional talk where a power imbalance is clearly evident. In addition to presenting recent self-report data relevant to this initiative, new intercultural data from China, Taiwan and the US, are also introduced. But first, we overview some important assumptions and concepts of the theory, interlaced with a selection of empirical research studies.publicpolicelaw enforcementcommunicationpolice-civilianaccommodationChinaUSTaiwanAccommodation and Institutional Talk: Communicative Dimensions of Police-Civilian Interactionsarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8599410c2011-07-02T10:23:14Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8599410cGiles, HowardauthorWillemyns, MichaelauthorGallois, CynthiaauthorAnderson, Michelle Chernikoffauthor2006-11-22This chapter spotlights communication accommodation theory (CAT: see Giles, Coupland & Coupland, 1991) -- a longstanding framework (Gallois, Ogay & Giles, 2005: Giles, 1973) that has been heralded as one of the most prominent in the social psychology of language (Tracy & Haspel, 2004) and one that has captured cross-disciplinary imaginations (Coupland & Jaworski, 1997). The theory has had a hsitory of application to an array of organizational contexts (e.g. Bourhis, 1991) and, herein, we add another exciting possibility, namely its relevance for a more incisive appreciation of understanding police-civilian relations. After a brief discussion about what images people hold of police officers, we introduce CAT with particular attention to its face and identity concerns, whilst we distil the theoretical essence of CAT down to four key principles, underscoring its potential for developing not only an innovative reserach agenda for the future, but also for suggesting new theoretical propositions to test in this applied domain.publicpolicelaw enforcementaccommodationorganizationscommunication accommodation theoryCATAccommodating a New Frontier: The Context of Law Enforcementarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2m62f3mv2011-07-02T10:23:08Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m62f3mvDelmas, Magali AauthorToffel, Michael W.author2008-09-16This document provides a summary of the results of a survey on Environmental Management Practices (EMP) conducted by the University of California at Santa Barbara during October and November 2003. The survey was sent to 3255 facilities in 8 industrial sectors: pulp, paper and paperboard mills, chemical and allied products, refining, primary metals, machinery, electronics /electrical, automotive, and utilities. The survey yielded 562 responses, which constitutes a 17.2% response rate. This summary includes a general description of the sample, a profile of the respondents, and summary statistics of facilities' environmental management practices, relations with stakeholders, and environmental performance measures. In addition, we report the factors that respondents noted were influencing them to improve their environmental performance and adopt particular environmental management practices. In many cases, these results are categorized by industry to facilitate comparisons.The environmental management practices we inquired about include the adoption of an environmental policy and its communication, the number of internal and external audits performed at the facility, the proportion of employees in various departments receiving environmental training, "green purchasing" policies, the adoption of the ISO 14001 international standard, participation in industry and governments voluntary programs, and solicitation of opinions from environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs).Overall, we identified important differences between industrial sectors in terms of the level of adoption of these environmental management practices. Companies can employ these survey results to benchmark their practices to facilities in their own industry as well as to other industries. In addition, government, NGOs, and local communities can employ this information to learn the prevalence of different environmental management practices across various industries, and to better understand how firms are motivated - and influenced - to adopt environmental management practices.publicSurvey Questionnaire on Environmental Management Practices: Summary of Results by Industry and practicesarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69c1j4k22011-07-02T07:37:20Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69c1j4k2Research Center, MesoAmericanauthor2003-12-01publicsustainabilityresilienceMesoAmericaMayaImagining the Landscape of Maya Forest: Lessons in Sustainability & Resiliencearticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8xh1j2fv2011-07-02T07:36:50Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xh1j2fvDelmas, Magali AauthorMontiel, Ivanauthor2007-09-24This paper analyzes the factors that explain the international diffusion of voluntary international management standards. We argue that to understand the diffusion of international standards we need to define a model that includes interactions between standards as well as interactions between standards and their institutional environment. We present two opposite views explaining how the previous diffusion of management standards facilitates or hampers the adoption of new management standards. We test a comprehensive model of diffusion of international environmental management standards within the chemical industry using a panel of 113 different countries during the period 2000 to 2003. Our results show that the previous experience of businesses in voluntary standards such as the Chemical Industry’s Responsible Care program or ISO 9000, government commitment towards Environmental Management Systems Standards, and the level of activity of international non-governmental organizations in the country of adoption, impact positively on the adoption of ISO 14001 by chemical firms. Unlike previous studies that focused mostly on cross industry analyses, we do not find trade related factors significant while explaining adoption in the chemical industry. Our results differ, therefore from previous research and highlight the need to isolate industry effects to understand the diffusion of international standards.publicmanagement standardsinternational diffusion of innovationspolicy diffusionchemical industryResponsible CareISO 14001THE DIFFUSION OF VOLUNTARY INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT STANDARDS: RESPONSIBLE CARE, ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRYarticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8zj2b2zq2011-07-02T07:30:56Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zj2b2zqFord, AnabelauthorLarios, RudyauthorNormark, JohanauthorMorales, PaulinoauthorRamos, Carmenauthor2001-12-01publicInfluence of Ancient Settlement in the Contemporary Maya Forest: Investigating Land Use at El Pilararticlelocaloai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0vd0v7dx2011-03-18T21:57:09Z am 3u eScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vd0v7dxMcCray, W. Patrickauthor2005-06-01With the passage of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in 2000, US investment in nanotechnology research and development soared quickly to almost US$1 billion annually. The NNI emerged at a salient point in US history as lawmakers worked to reshape national science policies in response to growing international economic competition and the increasing commercialization of academic science. This paper examines how advocates of nanotechnology successfully marketed their initiative. It pays especial attention to their optimistic depiction of societies and economies improved by nanotechnology, and considers why utopian techno-visions continue to flourish despite their tendency to ultimately disappoint.publicNanotechnologyScience PolicyTechnological UtopiasWill Small be Beautiful? Making Policies for our Nanotech Futurearticlelocal