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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (200 results)

  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2009)
This review evaluates the antiviral, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory properties of green tea catechins. Two randomized trials evaluating the activity and efficacy of green tea catechins in the management of external genital warts are presented, and the reported side effects associated with this topical treatment modality are outlined. Finally, the mechanism of action, percent of wart clearance, time to clearance, and toxicity profile of green tea catechins are compared with those of podofilox and imiquimod, 2 other patient-administered topical agents approved for treatment of anogenital warts.
    Cover page: Green tea catechins for treatment of external genital wartsCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    UCLA Previously Published Works (2016)
    Latin American transgender women are highly vulnerable to HIV infection, and although much is known about factors associated with HIV infection in this population, little is known about the association of human papilloma virus (HPV) with HIV infection. We investigated anogenital HPV and cumulative HIV incidence among 68, initially HIV uninfected, Peruvian transgender women enrolled into a 2-year, prospective cohort study: 95.6% had at least one anogenital HPV genotype at baseline, 19.1% had visible anogenital warts, and 6.0% became infected with HIV over the course of the study. Due to the high anogenital HPV prevalence, this population would likely benefit from early immunization with the HPV vaccine.
      Cover page: Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection and HIV Infection Outcomes Among Peruvian Transgender Women: Results from a Cohort Study
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2014)
      Introduction

      The HIV epidemic in Latin America is concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) with transmission predominately occurring during unprotected anal intercourse. This mode of transmission is also responsible for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as herpes simplex, chlamydia and gonorrhoea, human papillomavirus (HPV)/genital warts and syphilis. Studies assessing the prevalence of HIV and HPV among MSM have not addressed the role of genital warts and HPV-related diseases in the acquisition of HIV infection. Community-based testing programmes are a potentially important way to remove barriers including stigma for individuals to learn about their STI status.

      Methods and analysis

      The prospective cohort study will recruit 600 MSM/TGW at a community centre in Lima, Peru, named Epicentro. Half of the participants will have a history of or have current anogenital warts (AGW), and the other half will have no history of AGW. We will measure the prevalence and acquisition of STIs including syphilis, HPV, chlamydia and gonorrhoea and the HIV-incidence in the two groups. To the best of our knowledge, it will be the first study that specifically examines the impact of genital warts on incident HIV infection. This study will help to understand the relationship between AGW and HIV infection among MSM/TGW in Peru. Furthermore, it may facilitate the development of preventive intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence of AGW and prevent incident HIV infection. HPV-related manifestations may be a good proxy for HIV risk.

      Ethics and dissemination

      This study was approved by institutional review boards at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the USA and Impacta in Peru. Study findings will be shared with the Peruvian Ministry of Health as well as other international and national public health organisations. Study results will be translated into Spanish for participants.

      Trial registration number

      The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number is NCT01387412

        Cover page: A prospective cohort study characterising the role of anogenital warts in HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men: a study protocol
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 19, Issue 6 (2013)

        This review summarizes new treatments from the last seven years employed for the treatment of genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Imquimod 3.75% is a new agent with fewer side effects and perhaps a better dosing schedule than imquimod 5%, but is not more effective. Sinecatechins/Polyphenon E 15%, a novel extract from green tea can be effective against genital warts but requires three times a day dosing and is not more effective than existing treatments; the treatment course is 12-16 weeks. Photodynamic therapy combined with other destructive modalities might increase the cure rate for genital warts. The quadrivalent vaccine against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 is decreasing the incidence of warts in the western world but the evidence does not support vaccination as a treatment for those already infected by HPV. Hyperthermia and immunomodulators might be positive additions to the armamentarium of clinicians. In sum, there are new tools that physicians can use but none is really a great advance over what was available a decade ago.

          Cover page: Update on the treatment of genital wartsCreative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 26, Issue 3 (2020)
          Background: New treatment options for warts include intralesional wart injection with agents such as vitamin D, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine antigen, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) antigen, and candida antigen but there have been limited studies to compare their efficacies. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy and safety of injectable agents used for the treatment of warts.Methods: A PubMed search included terms “intralesional wart therapy,” “wart injection” and “verruca injection.” Articles reviewed were published over 10 years.Results: A total of 43 articles were reviewed; 30 covered studies with more than 10 participants and 13 were case reports, case series, and reviews. In comparison studies intralesional agents have equal or superior efficacy (66%-94.9%) compared to first-line salicylic acid or cryotherapy (65.5-76.5%). One advantage of intralesional injections is the rate of complete resolution of distant warts.Limitations: Each study varied in their agents, treatment interval, and treatment dose, making comparisons difficult.Conclusions: Intralesional wart injections are safe, affordable, and efficacious treatments for warts. Physicians should consider intralesional injections for patients with refractory warts, multiple warts, or warts in sensitive areas.
            Cover page: A review of intralesional wart therapyCreative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 27, Issue 7 (2021)
            Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 were detected in a 3-year-old girl with extensive anogenital condylomata. Although sexual abuse must be considered, non-sexual transmission is evident in at least 57% of children with anogenital warts. Perinatal transmission may occur in approximately 24.5% of infants born to HPV-positive mothers. We present an immunosuppressed child with giant condylomata and discuss transmission, work up, and treatment.
              Cover page: Anogenital giant condyloma in an infant with liver transplantationCreative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2013)
                Cover page: HPV and Genital Warts among Peruvian Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender People: Knowledge, Attitudes and Treatment Experiences
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 13, Issue 4 (2007)
                  • Article
                  • Peer Reviewed
                  UC Riverside Previously Published Works (2018)

                  Objective

                  To estimate the burden of genital warts (GW)in Mexico.

                  Materials and methods

                  We estimated the annual incidence of GW based on data reported by specialist physicians. We also assessed GW treatment practices, the average cost of treatment, and the psychosocial burden of GW among patients.

                  Results

                  The annual incidence of GW in Mexico was estimated to be 547 200 cases. Treatment procedures vary by specialist and patient gender. The estimated annual cost was $195 million USD. The psychosocial impact of GW was slightly greater in males than females.

                  Conclusions

                  This is the first evaluation of the burden of GW in Mexico. Our data suggest that GW are common, with significant health-related costs and psychosocial impact.
                    Cover page: Incidence, psychosocial burden, and economic impact of genital warts in Mexico.
                    • Article
                    • Peer Reviewed
                    Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 25, Issue 5 (2019)
                    Cidofovir is an antiviral nucleotide analogue with relatively new treatment capacities for dermatological conditions, specifically verruca vulgaris caused by human papilloma virus infection. In a 10-year old boy with severe verruca vulgaris recalcitrant to multiple therapies, topical 1% cidofovir applied daily for eight weeks proved to be an effective treatment with no adverse side effects. This case report, in conjunction with multiple published reports, suggests that topical 1% cidofovir is a safe and effective treatment for viral warts in pediatric patients.
                      Cover page: Treatment of warts with topical cidofovir in a pediatric patientCreative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
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