Table 1. Classification and sources of superantigens [6-21]

Classification

Sources

Endogenous

 

Exogenous

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B cell

  1. Mouse mammary tomor virus (MMTV) [6]
  2. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [8-11]

 

 

  1. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs): A, B, C1 to C3, D, E, G to Q [13, 18]
  2. Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) [13, 18]
  3. Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins: exoliatin A, exfoliatin B [13, 18]
  4. Staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins formed due to recombination within enterotoxin gene cluster: U2, V [14]
  5. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs): A1 to A4, C, G to M [13, 18]
  6. Streptococcal mitogenic exotoxins: SMEZ [13, 18]
  7. Streptococcal superantigen :SSA [13]
  8. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YAM) [6, 13, 15]
  9. Mycoplasma species: Mycoplasma arthritidis-derived mitogen (MAM) [13, 16]
  10. Cholera toxin:  subunit A of cholera toxin [17]
  11. Prevotella intermedia*[12]
  12. Mycobacterium tuberculosis*[9]
  13. Viral superantigens:  (a) Mouse leukemia virus [7]

                                        (b) IDDMK1222- Ppol-ENV-U3 [7]

                                        (c) HIV-Nef [7, 18]

                                        (d) Rabies virus-nucleoside protein [7, 18]

 

 

  1. Staphylococcal protein A [19, 20]
  2. Protein Fv (PFv) [21]

 

 

 

.

 


 

*Nature of superantigen is not known