Table 1 .- Etiologic factors in erythema nodosum
1. Infections
* Bacterial infections:
- Atypical mycobacterial infections27
- Borrelia burgdorferi infections28
- Boutonneuse fever29
- Brucellosis30
- Campylobacter infections31
- Cat-scratch disease32
- Chancroid27
- Chlamydia psittaci infections33
- Corynebacterium diphteriae infections27
- Escherichia coli infections10
- Gonorrhea34
- Leptospirosis35
- Lymphogranuloma venereum36
- Meningococcemia37
- Moraxella catarrhalis infections38
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections39
- Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis infections40
- Propionibacterium acnes41
- Pseudomona aeruginosa infections42
- Q fever43
- Salmonella infections44
- Shigella infections45
- Streptococcal infections46
- Syphilis47
- Tuberculosis48
- Tularemia49
- Yersinia infections50
* Viral infections:
- Cytomegalovirus infections51
- Hepatitis B52
- Hepatitis C53
- Herpes simplex27
- HIV infection54
- Infectious mononucleosis55
- Measles56
- Milker’s nodules57
- Orf56
- Parvovirus B19 infections58
- Varicella59
* Fungal infections:
- Aspergillosis60
- Blastomycosis61
- Coccidioidomycosis62
- Dermatophytes63
- Histoplasmosis64
- Sporotrichosis27
* Protozoal infections: Amebiasis65
- Ancylostomiasis27
- Ascariasis66
- Giardiasis65
- Hydatidosis67
- Hookworm infestation27
- Sparganum larva68
- Toxoplasmosis69
- Trichomoniasis70
2.- Drugs
- Acetaminophen71
- Actinomycin-D71
- All-trans retinoic acid72
- Aminopyrine27
- Amiodarone71
- Amoxicillin10
- Ampicillin10
- Antimony27
- Arsphenamine34
- Azathioprine71
- Bromides73
- Busulfan71
- Carbamazepine71
- Carbenicillin71
- Cefdinir71
- Chlordiazepoxide71
- Chlorotrianisene71
- Chlorpropamide71
- Ciprofloxacin71
- Clomiphene71
- Codeine71
- Cotrimoxazole71
- D-penicillamine74
- Dapsone71
- Diclofenac71
- Dicloxacillin71
- Diethylstilbestrol71
- Disopyramide71
- Echinacea herbal therapy75
- Enoxacin71
- Erythromycin10
- Estrogens71
- Fluoxetine71
- Furosemide71
- Glucagon71
- Gold salts76
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor71
- Hepatitis B vaccine77
- Hydralazine71
- Ibuprofen71
- Indomethacin71
- Interleukin-278
- Iodides73
- Isotretinoin79
- Leukotriene modifying agents (zileuton and rafirlukast)80
- Levofloxacin71
- Meclofenamate71
- Medroxyprogesterone71
- Meprobamate71
- Mesalamine71
- Methicillin71
- Methimazole71
- Methyldopa71
- Mezlozillin71
- Minocycline81
- Naproxen71
- Nifedipine71
- Nitrofurantoin27
- Ofloxacin71
- Omeprazole82
- Oral contraceptives83
- Oxacillin71
- Paroxetine71
- Penicillin77
- Phenylbutazone60
- Phenytoin57
- Piperacillin71
- Progestins71
- Propylthiouracil84
- Pyritinol34
- Sparfloxacin71
- Streptomycin71
- Sulfamethoxazole71
- Sulfixoxazole71
- Sulfonamides85
- Sulfosalazine71
- Thalidomide86
- Ticarcilin71
- Trimethoprim87
- Typhoid vaccination88
- Verapamil71
3. Malignant diseases
- Adenocarcinoma of the colon89
- Carcinoma of the uterine cervix90
- Hodgkin’s disease91
- Leukemia92
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma93
- Pancreatic carcinoma94
- Post-radiotherapy for pelvic carcinoma8
- Renal carcinoma78
- Sarcoma34
- Stomach cancer10
4. Miscellaneous conditions
- Acne fulminans95
- Adul Still’s disease96
- Ankylosing spondylitis97
- Antiphospolipid antibodies syndrome98
- Behçet’s syndrome99
- Berger’s disease100
- Chronic active hepatitis101
- Coeliac disease102
- Colon diverticulosis34
- Crohn’s disease103
- Diverticulitis104
- Granulomatous mastitis105
- IgA nephropathy106
- Jellyfish sting107
- Lupus erythematosus108
- Pregnancy109
- Radiotherapy110
- Recurrent polychondritis111
- Reiter’s syndrome112
- Rheumatoid arthritis113
- Sarcoidosis114
- Sjögren’s syndrome115
- Smoke inhalation in a house fire116
- Sweet’s syndrome117
- Systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome due to C4 deficiency118
- Takayasu’s arteritis119
- Ulcerative colitis120
- Vogt-Koyanagi disease115
- Wegener’s granulomatosis121