Table 1. Literature overview: cases of Löffler syndrome.
Article |
Clinical picture |
Diagnostic tests |
Treatment |
Outcome |
Del Giudice et al. (2002) |
Intense non-productive cough |
Lab: 10% eosinophils, normal IgE Stool culture: negative |
Oral thiabendazole 25 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days; oral corticosteroids 1 mg/kg daily |
After 5 days: normalized peripheral eosinophilia and symptoms. |
Lee et al. (2003) |
No pulmonary symptoms |
Lab: 35% eosinophils, serum IgE 1020 IU/mL, clonorchis specific IgG 0.27. RI: solitary pulmonary nodule, migrating nodular densities BAL: 25% eosinophils |
Oral praziquantel |
Normalized peripheral eosinophilia. No signs of recurrence after 1 year follow-up. |
Sator et al. (2007) |
Cough and dyspnea |
Lab: 33% eosinophils Bronchoscopy: normal |
Oral methylprednisolone 40 mg daily, in decreasing dosage |
Normalized peripheral eosinophila and cleared chest X-rays after 6 months. One month later, recurrence of symptoms and patient eventually died of another condition. |
Meta-Jevtovic et al. (2008) |
Low grade fever, shortness of breath, cough and reduced exercise tolerance |
Lab: eosinophilia RI: pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates |
Oral corticosteroids |
Marked improvement of symptoms. |
Turhan et al. (2008) |
Headache, sore throat, cough |
Lab: 14% eosinophils |
Oral albendazole |
Improvement of symptoms and negative stool examinations . |
Schaub et al. (2002) |
No pulmonary symptoms |
Lab: eosinophilia RI: migratory pulmonary infiltrates |
Oral albendazole 400 mg on 5 consecutive days and a single dose of oral praziquantel 3600 mg |
Resolved peripheral eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrates |
Tokojima et al. (2004) |
High fever and fatigue |
Lab: increased IgE level, no eosinophilia RI: ‘ground glass opacities’ in the right lung field |
Oral albendazole |
Clearance of symptoms |
Tan et al. (2010) |
Dyspnea, wheezing and chest discomfort |
Lab: Leucocytosis, 19.1% eosinophils Blood gas: hypoxemia RI: reticulonodular pulmonary infiltrates Echocardiogram: normal Stools: negative |
Oral mebendazole Oral albendazole Intravenous hydrocortisone Oxygen supplementation |
Complete remission |
Lab: laboratory investigations
RI: radiologic investigations
BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage
ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay)