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A three-dimensional static analysis was used to model a portable vehicle ramp used to raise passenger vehicles. The objective is to examine various ramp materials and alternative designs of the supporting sections below the ramp, to optimize this product in load-bearing capabilities, safety factors, and cost-effectiveness in minimizing material use. Finite element analysis \(FEA\) is a computational method using a discretization of structural displacement fields to predict how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibrations, and other physical phenomena. The commercial software that is used is Abaqus Student Edition, an FEA solver capable of structural models with a limit of 1000 analysis points on the system. The ramp is at an angle of 17 degrees and has dimensions of 35.5 in L x 12 in W x 8.5 in H. A pair of ramps is designed to elevate an average midsize sedan weighing approximately 3,350 lbs and the design will assume 70% of the weight of the vehicle is concentrated at the front half of the vehicle, due to the engine, transmission, battery, and other components below the hood. The simulation was designed to assume the ramp as fixed to the ground. Manufacturers, such as Pittsburgh Automotive, use a plastic ‘poly material’, which was assumed to be Polymethylmethacrylate \(PMMA\) or acrylic. This is compared to other materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene \(ABS\), polylactic acid \(PLA\), high-density polyethylene \(HDPE\), polystyrene \(PS\), and polyvinyl chloride \(PVC\). Five different ramp support designs were also evaluated. Using weighted decision matrices, it was found that using PVC instead of PMMA, and a section design similar to the Pittsburgh Automotive ramp sections, was the best material and design selections to optimize safety, load-bearing capabilities, and cost.
) /Rect [ 72.2484 45.3304 546.904 681.733 ] /Subtype /Widget /T (Text1) /Type /Annot /V (A three-dimensional static analysis was used to model a portable vehicle ramp used to raise passenger vehicles. The objective is to examine various ramp materials and alternative designs of the supporting sections below the ramp, to optimize this product in load-bearing capabilities, safety factors, and cost-effectiveness in minimizing material use. Finite element analysis \(FEA\) is a computational method using a discretization of structural displacement fields to predict how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibrations, and other physical phenomena. The commercial software that is used is Abaqus Student Edition, an FEA solver capable of structural models with a limit of 1000 analysis points on the system. \r\rThe ramp is at an angle of 17 degrees and has dimensions of 35.5 in L x 12 in W x 8.5 in H. A pair of ramps is designed to elevate an average midsize sedan weighing approximately 3,350 lbs and the design will assume 70% of the weight of the vehicle is concentrated at the front half of the vehicle, due to the engine, transmission, battery, and other components below the hood. The simulation was designed to assume the ramp as fixed to the ground. Manufacturers, such as Pittsburgh Automotive, use a plastic \217poly material\220, which was assumed to be Polymethylmethacrylate \(PMMA\) or acrylic. This is compared to other materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene \(ABS\), polylactic acid \(PLA\), high-density polyethylene \(HDPE\), polystyrene \(PS\), and polyvinyl chloride \(PVC\). Five different ramp support designs were also evaluated. Using weighted decision matrices, it was found that using PVC instead of PMMA, and a section design similar to the Pittsburgh Automotive ramp sections, was the best material and design selections to optimize safety, load-bearing capabilities, and cost. \r) >> endobj 1099 0 obj << /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) /DR << /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 1136 0 R >> /Font << /Helv 1135 0 R /TiRo 1137 0 R /TimesNewRoman 1138 0 R /ZaDb 1140 0 R >> >> /Fields [ 1141 0 R 1142 0 R 1143 0 R 1144 0 R 1145 0 R 1146 0 R 1147 0 R 1148 0 R 1149 0 R 1098 0 R ] >> endobj 1100 0 obj << /BBox [ 0 0 474.656 636.403 ] /Filter /FlateDecode /FormType 1 /Matrix [ 1 0 0 1 0 0 ] /Resources 1101 0 R /Subtype /Form /Type /XObject /Length 1611 >> stream xZn"W6ܑMSKۡE[$a-18_Z9{|_[l\ϕ(z9i$QRKEq믥Uc=ܗ8*qTjQRMʭjԝzqߦCO0Km:1ܤ(*vX~:,pWc%}g=~o{|A.Zs/,_Z1g|,onS"y>Do T3h~(2nd>SbrȾabhAlwE ٺ|FYb g=)+{'60^ޛ5@hhel0)ߩisP8*O-!Ldۓy m{AsOrǶ˴P$9 [rr`wvh` %ή:;op^0'szOឤ>9<:)I EAw;I\=C GQS0?mH)1=:ҧnr=&7!hYZK'8Y};#[ Q)ߕrQOG5I7R8Ky(V_h Iz셳 al[~$F AzlNc[{=AzY0euWv_vo.(ϖ:H{ ۦOXCDA0:KfcM8ڇ\5}K{D%b;\QLSynGٕB