2026-06-16T22:57:28Zhttps://escholarship.org/oaioai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0822d57h2026-06-16T07:27:38Zqt0822d57hA direct fluorescence assay for quantitative analysis of ornithine decarboxylase activity and inhibitor screening.Choi, Jae-YeonBereta, GrzegorzFurry, MatthewVanderwal, ChristopherGrudnik, PrzemysławBen Mamoun, Choukri2026-04-01Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the first committed step in polyamine biosynthesis and plays a central role in cellular growth and proliferation. Quantitative analysis of ODC activity has traditionally relied on radiometric or coupled-enzyme assays, which limit scalability and accessibility. Here, we report on the development of 1,2-diacetylbenzene (DAB)-ODC, a fluorescence-based assay that enables direct, sensitive, and high-throughput quantification of ODC activity by detecting putrescine through its reaction with DAB. Using purified recombinant ODC from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans, we show that DAB-ODC supports measurement of enzyme activity and accurate determination of steady-state kinetic parameters. Inhibition studies with the inhibitor DL-α-difluoromethylornithine and three recently reported DL-α-difluoromethylornithine analogs yielded IC50 values consistent with those obtained using established orthogonal assays. All enzymatic measurements were validated by thin-layer chromatography. Assay performance metrics, including CV, Z factor, and signal-to-background ratios, demonstrate compatibility with large-scale chemical screening. Together, these results establish DAB-ODC as a versatile platform for ODC enzymology, inhibitor profiling, and high-throughput interrogation of polyamine metabolism.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0822d57hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0822d57h/qt0822d57h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111468articleJournal of Biological Chemistry, vol 302, iss 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5cf1z8872026-06-16T07:25:40Zqt5cf1z887Modulation of Systemic Osmolarity Alters Retinal Thickness and Schisis Cavities Without Blood Retinal Barrier Disruption in Rs1 Knockout Mice.Cho, InKumar, AnkurSmit-McBride, ZeljkaSun, NingMenjivar, JacquelineKarlen, SarahZawadzki, RobertSieving, Paul2026-06-01PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether systemic osmolarity modulation through dehydration or hydration alters retinal thickness and schisis cavity area in Rs1 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls, and whether such changes occur without disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB).MethodsPostnatal day 30 Rs1 KO and WT mice underwent dehydration (dry anesthesia) or hydration (intraperitoneal injection of distilled water, 40 mL/kg) during in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Retinal thickness and schisis cavity area were quantified from serial OCT B-scans. BRB integrity was evaluated using fluorescein angiography (FA) and immunostaining of retinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) junctional markers.ResultsDehydration significantly reduced retinal thickness and schisis cavity area in Rs1 KO mice, with changes of greater magnitude than those observed in WT controls. Hydration increased retinal thickness in WT mice, whereas Rs1 KO mice had a relatively blunted and variable structural response compared to WT in both retinal thickness and schisis cavity area. FA and immunostaining revealed no evidence of vascular leakage or RPE junctional disruption in either genotype, indicating preserved BRB integrity under all experimental conditions.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that systemic osmolarity modulation alters retinal structure in X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) through mechanisms independent of BRB disruption. The exaggerated response to dehydration and attenuated response to hydration in Rs1 KO suggest altered intraretinal fluid dynamics and biomechanical constraints associated with schisis cavities. These findings indicate that modulation of osmolarity may represent a potential therapeutic approach for intraretinal fluid accumulation in XLRS.Blood-Retinal BarrierRetinaAnimalsMiceInbred C57BLMiceKnockoutMiceRetinoschisisDehydrationDisease ModelsAnimalEye ProteinsCell Adhesion MoleculesTomographyOptical CoherenceFluorescein AngiographyOsmolar ConcentrationRetinal Pigment Epitheliumapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cf1z887https://escholarship.org/content/qt5cf1z887/qt5cf1z887.pdfinfo:doi/10.1167/iovs.67.6.11articleInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, vol 67, iss 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6qg0k0fb2026-06-16T07:18:53Zqt6qg0k0fbAssessment of Chinook Salmon Smolt Survival at Offsite Release Locations in the Sacramento River Across Wet and Dry YearsDodrill, MichaelAusting, SarahNiemela, KevinPerry, Russell2026-03-14We used acoustic telemetry to estimate survival of tagged release groups, and quantify differences between alternative hatchery release strategies. To assess whether offsite release could increase survival of hatchery fish relative to those released at the hatchery, we compare survival during emigration of hatchery fall Chinook Salmon (FCS, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts released onsite, at Coleman National Fish Hatchery (NFH), to those released at alternative offsite locations downstream in the upper Sacramento River, California. Approximately 300 fish in each release group were implanted with acoustic tags in the 3-year study during 2019, 2021, and 2022. Environmental conditions in the emigration corridor varied between study years, with extended high flows in 2019, whereas drought conditions and a flat hydrograph occurred in 2021 and 2022. Survival across years appeared to reflect environmental conditions, with higher overall survival seen in 2019. Survival differences between release sites generally showed higher cumulative survival to Knights Landing or Chipps Island for the downstream release groups, compared to the onsite releases during 2021 and 2022. This information suggests hatchery releases of FCS from Coleman NFH at downstream release sites may benefit emigration survival during years of drought and sub-optimal in-river conditions, compared to standard onsite releases. Hatchery managers can use information from this study to diversify the portfolio of release strategies, which may be useful to buffer against extreme variations of adult abundance by spreading risks across space and time. Ultimately, offsite releases may be a useful tool for adaptive management of these culturally, ecologically, and economically important salmon populations.fall-run Chinook Salmonsmolt survivalacoustic telemetryoffsite releasesapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qg0k0fbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6qg0k0fb/qt6qg0k0fb.pdfarticleSan Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, vol 24, iss 1/2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7824q3s82026-06-16T07:08:11Zqt7824q3s8Differences Among Runs of Chinook Salmon in Routing Probability at the Georgiana Slough-Sacramento River JunctionBurdick, SummerPerry, RussellRaboin, MaggiePlumb, John M.2026-03-14The survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) depends on the specific migration route they take through the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Factors such as flow magnitude, flow direction, and distribution of fish across the channel significantly affect the likelihood of their entering routes with lower survival probabilities. Management strategies to mitigate the entry of endangered winter-run and threatened spring-run Chinook Salmon into the interior Delta—particularly through Georgiana Slough—involve flow regulation and the installation of a bioacoustic fish fence. Monitoring the effectiveness of these measures has primarily relied on acoustically-tagged, juvenile, hatchery-reared, late-fall-run Chinook Salmon, which are easier to obtain and can accommodate larger tags compared to other runs. Previous studies explored how flow dynamics affect routing probabilities of late-fall-run Chinook Salmon, but there is a lack of understanding about how routing probabilities vary among runs. We leveraged data from 15 previous studies comprising 3,004 acoustically-tagged fish across all four runs, over a 12-year period, to assess the effects of run on routing probability into Georgiana Slough, while accounting for variation in flow dynamics. We employed logistic regression to model the influence of tidal flow metrics, time of day (day and night), and run type on the probability of juvenile Chinook Salmon being routed into Georgiana Slough. Our analysis revealed that reverse flow during incoming tides influenced the routing probabilities of all runs. An increased proportion of flow into Georgiana Slough, meant an increased probability for all runs to be routed into Georgiana Slough. Late-fall-run Chinook Salmon also showed a greater probability of routing into Georgiana Slough during the night than during the day, whereas the opposite was true for other runs. These differences in routing probability affect our understanding of how management actions intended to reduce routing into Georgiana Slough may differentially affect the four runs of Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento River.fall-run Chinook Salmonwinter-run Chinook Salmonlate-fall-run Chinook Salmonspring-run Chinook SalmonSacramento River Deltasurrogate speciesapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7824q3s8https://escholarship.org/content/qt7824q3s8/qt7824q3s8.pdfarticleSan Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, vol 24, iss 1/2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8sn8g8k12026-06-16T06:50:39Zqt8sn8g8k1Design and Laboratory Testing of Enclosures to Support Conservation of an Endangered Estuarine FishGille, DaphneCocherell, Dennis E.Peterson, AmandaCarr, KaraErcan, AliBaerwald, MelindaSchreier, BrianSommer, TedFangue, Nann2026-03-14The release of hatchery-reared fish into the natural environment for conservation purposes may have unintended consequences for wild fish populations and the larger ecosystem. In situ enclosures are a tool that can be used to study cultured fish under natural conditions to help mitigate these risks or to acclimate fish to the surrounding environment during soft release. Despite widespread utility, few resources provide direction on material choice and enclosure design to conserve non-commercial and imperiled fish species that may have unique physiology and needs. Here, we designed, created, and tested an enclosure for the endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), an osmerid native to the San Francisco Estuary (estuary). We first performed hydraulic modeling and evaluated permeability to prey items by measuring energy dissipation and flow deflection of candidate screen materials in a flume. The final enclosure design was a cylinder made out of stainless-steel wire mesh, with 60% openness that measured 1.0 m in diameter and 1.3 m tall. We then investigated survival, growth, and feeding of cultured Delta Smelt in the enclosure in three 1-month-long deployments in an experimental pond. Fish survival was moderate to high (50% to 93%), and we observed that Delta Smelt in the enclosures spontaneously converted to live, natural food, which suggests that cultured fish will be able to forage when released into the estuary. We hope that the steps we have outlined and the final enclosure design will be instrumental in supplementing Delta Smelt and conserving other at-risk fish species in the future.enclosuresDelta Smelthydraulic modelingSan Francisco Estuarysupplementationapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sn8g8k1https://escholarship.org/content/qt8sn8g8k1/qt8sn8g8k1.pdfarticleSan Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, vol 24, iss 1/2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3r6370r12026-06-16T06:46:46Zqt3r6370r1Development of a Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay for Sodium Channel Modulators Using a Constitutively Active Bacterial Sodium ChannelMann, GavenAbderemane Ali, Fayal2026-06-12Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are essential membrane proteins responsible for the initiation and propagation of electrical signals in excitable tissues including neurons, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle. These channels mediate rapid sodium influx following membrane depolarization and are critical for generating action potentials that enable communication between cells, and a variety of other cell processes. Dysregulation or mutation of sodium channels has been implicated in numerous diseases, including epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmias, neuropathic pain syndromes, and skeletal muscle disorders. Because of their central role in electrical signaling, sodium channels represent important therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention.Despite their importance, the discovery of selective sodium channel modulators remains challenging. Many currently available sodium channel inhibitors interact with highly conserved regions of the channel pore, limiting subtype specificity and increasing the likelihood of off-target effects. In addition, traditional electrophysiological techniques used to measure ion channel activity, such as patch clamp recording, are technically demanding and relatively low throughput. These limitations present significant challenges for screening large chemical libraries during early-stage drug discovery. In this study, a cell-based high-throughput screening assay was developed to identify potential sodium channel inhibitors. The assay utilizes mammalian cells (HEK 293) expressing a constitutively active mutant of the bacterial sodium channel NavAe from the arsenite oxidizer Alkalilimnicola ehrlichei found in Mono Lake, California.16 In this system, increased sodium permeability sensitizes cells to depolarization-induced toxicity. Elevation of extracellular potassium chloride (KCl) depolarizes the membrane potential and promotes ion influx through the open channel, leading to reduced cell viability. Compounds that inhibit sodium channel activity prevent excessive ion influx and restore cell survival. Sodium channel inhibition can therefore be detected indirectly through a fluorescence-based viability readout. The assay was optimized and adapted to a 384-well plate format in collaboration with the UCLA Molecular Screening Shared Resource (MSSR). Lidocaine, a well-characterized sodium channel blocker, served as a positive control to validate assay performance. The Z′-factor was calculated prior to library screening to confirm adequate signal separation between positive and negative controls and to verify assay robustness for high-throughput use. During screening, Z-scores were then computed for each compound to identify those producing rescue of cell viability significantly above the negative control distribution. Following optimization and validation, the assay was used to screen the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC), resulting in identification of a preliminary candidate inhibitor. Additional compound libraries are currently being screened to identify further sodium channel modulators. This work establishes a scalable cell-based platform for sodium channel drug discovery and demonstrates the feasibility of using bacterial sodium channels as experimental models for identifying candidate ion channel inhibitors.NeurosciencesPhysiologyCellular biologyinhibitormodulatorsodium channelpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r6370r1etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0230c7hx2026-06-16T06:46:41Zqt0230c7hxMaterials for Next-Generation Electrochemical Energy Storage DevicesChen, RandyDunn, Bruce2026-06-12With the rapidly increasing demand of energy storage systems due to the prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and desire for more grid level storage, it is imperative that
lithium-ion batteries be improved to meet societal needs. Currently, commercialized cells
typically consist of an organic liquid electrolyte paired with a transition metal oxide cathode and
graphite anode. While functional, these systems can only undergo one electron redox per lithium
ion intercalated, placing a limit on the maximum energy density attainable. There has been a
recent push to design multi-electron redox cathodes that can achieve higher capacities and
therefore high energy densities. Additionally, solid-state systems have been heavily explored to
further increase energy density by enabling lithium metal anodes.
The first part of this thesis is centered around the development and characterization of nanocrystalline transition metal trisulfides, specifically MoS3 and WS3, that demonstrate multi
electron redox capabilities upon cycling in a lithium-ion battery system. Through
mechanochemical synthesis, these two materials possessed a unique structure that enabled high
capacity through multi-electron redox. An array of characterization methods such as x-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed the
structure of the pristine materials, detailed the structural evolution of the materials upon
accepting lithium, and gave insight into how its structure gives rise to multi-electron redox.
The second part of this thesis explored a specific transition metal sulfide TaS2, which has been explored for its electronic properties but has not been studied in depth for its viability as an
electrode material for batteries. Mechanochemical synthesis was used to create nanocrystalline
TaS2, which demonstrated stable cycling with exceptional rate performance. XPS was employed
to gain insight into the lithiation mechanism of the material and understand why it displays
exceptional electrochemical behavior.
The third part of this thesis demonstrates the successful creation of a quasi-solid-state electrolyte that can enable lithium metal anodes. Using sol-gel synthesis, nonflammable ionogel
electrolytes were created and successfully incorporated into coin cells with transition metal
sulfide cathodes. With these ionogel electrolytes, MoS3 cathodes still undergo reversible and
stable multi-electron redox while TaS2 cathodes also cycle stably. Therefore, this section of the
thesis demonstrates proof of concept that transition metal sulfides can be integrated into fully
solid-state systems while retaining their high capacity.
Overall, the summation of all the projects in this dissertation demonstrates the feasibility of achieving high energy density batteries by combining novel transition metal sulfide cathode
materials with quasi solid-state ionogel electrolytes. Multiple transition metal sulfides
demonstrate multi-electron redox upon lithiation due to their unique structure formed upon
mechanochemical synthesis. Ionogel electrolytes can be successfully integrated into a cell with
these transition metal sulfides as cathodes and cycle stably, therefore enabling lithium metal
anodes. This work reveals that creating higher energy density batteries using solid-state
electrolytes paired with transition metal sulfide cathodes is a possible and viable alternative to
the current commercialized technologies.Materials scienceEngineeringEnergyEnvironmental sciencepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0230c7hxetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20b8w6942026-06-16T06:46:36Zqt20b8w694Anticolonial Struggle and Collective FormShahbaz, Syed HaiderMufti, Aamir2026-06-12I explore configurations of politics and aesthetics in the Global South, with a focus on the politics of anticolonial internationalism and the aesthetic forms that emerge in complex engagements with concrete histories of struggles. I trace attempts made by South Asian, African, and Afrodiasporic writers to create shared political commitments in the Global South through aesthetic forms that were employed to transmit radical struggles and literatures across geographical and cultural divisions. These writers wielded literary expression, particularly certain forms such as metaphor, pronoun, and translation, as tools against frontiers structured by colonialism and capitalism. Their attempts at transmitting—we might say, translating—revolutionary movements and messages from one geographical site to another gave rise to a commons of people in the Global South that were connected to each other’s struggles.Comparative literatureSouth Asian studiesAestheticspubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20b8w694etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0kx497qj2026-06-16T06:46:32Zqt0kx497qjFundamental Study of Nano-Treating Enabled Solidification Control in High-Strength Aluminum AlloysChi, YitianLi, Xiaochun2026-06-12High-strength aluminum alloys such as AA7075, AA2024, and AA6061 are widely used because they offer high strength-to-weight ratio, heat-treatability, fatigue resistance, and good corrosion resistance. However, these same alloys are difficult to process by solidification-based manufacturing. During wire arc additive manufacturing and rapid investment casting, they are prone to hot cracking, coarse grain growth, shrinkage porosity, limited fluidity, and nonuniform mechanical properties. These problems come from their complex alloy chemistry and unstable solidification behavior.This dissertation studies how TiC nanoparticle addition can improve the solidification control and manufacturability of high-strength aluminum alloys. The work focuses on two manufacturing routes: wire arc additive manufacturing and rapid investment casting. These processes have very different cooling conditions, but both require control of grain nucleation, grain growth, liquid feeding, and defect formation. TiC nanoparticles were used as a material-level strategy to change the way the alloys solidify, instead of relying only on process parameter adjustment. In wire arc additive manufacturing, TiC nano-treatment promoted refined equiaxed grains, reduced hot cracking, and improved microstructural uniformity in AA7075, AA2024, and AA6061. The nano-treated deposits showed strong mechanical performance after heat treatment. For example, nano-treated AA7075 after heat treatment reached an average yield strength of about 506.8 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of about 601.2 MPa, and elongation of about 11.1%. These results show that nano-treatment can improve both printability and final mechanical performance in high-strength aluminum WAAM.In rapid investment casting, TiC nanoparticles helped overcome the low castability of wrought aluminum alloys under slow cooling conditions. The nano-treated alloys showed finer grains, fewer shrinkage defects, better surface quality, and improved casting success. In AA7075, the average grain size decreased from 714.8 ± 131.5 µm in the untreated alloy to 47.1 ± 5.3 µm after nano-treatment. Nano-treatment also increased fluidity length by 30.6% for AA7075, 57.1% for AA2024, and 40.2% for AA6061. Micro-CT results showed that shrinkage defects were sharply reduced because the nano-treated alloys retained more terminal eutectic liquid and maintained better backfeeding during the final stage of solidification. The dissertation also connects these experimental results to grain refinement theory. The results suggest that TiC nanoparticles do more than provide heterogeneous nucleation sites. They also restrict grain growth, delay grain coherency, reduce early flow blockage, and improve terminal liquid feeding. Beyond demonstrating nano-treatment in WAAM and rapid investment casting, this dissertation also proposes a hybrid grain refinement framework for solidification with a low cooling rate. In this framework, Al–5Ti–B supplies potent nucleation sites, while TiC nanoparticles restrict grain growth and shrink the nucleation-free zone. This combination allows more nucleant particles to become active, improves nucleation efficiency, and reduces the amount of nanoparticles needed for grain refinement. This is especially important for solidification process under slow cooling, where conventionally the slow cooling produces a large nucleation-free zone and normally leads to coarse grains. Overall, this work shows that TiC nano-treatment can help bridge the gap between high-strength wrought aluminum alloys and scalable solidification-based manufacturing. It provides a solidification-based route for producing strong, near-net-shape aluminum components by WAAM and rapid investment casting.Mechanical engineeringEnergyMaterials scienceNanotechnologypubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kx497qjetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt54p876dd2026-06-16T06:46:26Zqt54p876ddUncovering the Intricacies of the Shortwave Infrared Region to Transform Optical Tools and Clinical ApplicationsLin, Eric YuSletten, Ellen MAraujo, Jesus A2026-06-12Shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000–2000 nm) fluorescence imaging has emerged as a powerful modality for non-invasive biological imaging due to reduced tissue scattering, diminished autofluorescence, and improved spatial resolution relative to conventional visible (Vis, 400–700 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 700–1000 nm) fluorescence imaging. Despite the rapid progression of the field, major challenges remain in understanding the fundamental imaging parameters governing high-resolution, deep-tissue SWIR imaging, translating these principles into fluorophore design, enabling longitudinal biological studies, and developing clinically translatable imaging agents. This dissertation investigates and attempts to solve some of the challenges in each of these areas. Chapter One provides a perspective on the state of SWIR imaging in vivo as of 2021, establishing the major advances, opportunities, and unresolved challenges that motivated this dissertation. Chapter Two details the examination of the optimal tissue imaging parameters for high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging through systematic evaluation of imaging parameters using a modular, tissue phantom assay. Our findings challenge prevailing assumptions regarding optimal SWIR imaging conditions and establish revised parameters for high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging, which are subsequently validated through a novel fluorophore design strategy. Building upon the framework established in Chapter Two, Chapter Three explores additional fluorophore design strategies intended to achieve these imaging conditions and evaluates their effectiveness through the synthesis and characterization of new SWIR fluorophores. Chapter Four covers the unexpected discovery of a fluorophore initially intended to fulfill the deep-tissue imaging parameters in Chapter Two and Chapter Three. This fluorophore exhibits approximately seven-fold longer vascular half-life relative to the current clinical standard, Indocyanine Green. We demonstrate its superiority in applications relevant to vascular imaging and illustrate its promise for potential translation to the clinic. Chapter Five sees the establishment of a platform for longitudinal SWIR cell tracking in vivo across multiple months with high sensitivity and capability for quantitative assessment. Using two modes of transplantations, we show how the localization of different populations of macrophages can be monitored at baseline and in the context of an inflammatory liver disease. Chapter Six reexamines the state of shortwave infrared imaging in vivo as of 2026, five years later. We not only contextualize how the findings of Chapter Two through Five have contributed to the field, but also highlight additional advances arising from this doctoral work, including fluorophore design, formulation development, excitation-multiplexed imaging, and clinical translation. Together, these studies provide new insights into optimal SWIR imaging conditions, fluorophore design, longitudinal cell tracking, and clinical translation, advancing the development of SWIR fluorescence imaging as a platform for biological discovery and medicine.ChemistryBiochemistryCellular biologyBiomedical engineeringMedical imagingChemical BiologyChemistryFluorescence ImagingOptical ToolsShortwave InfraredpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/54p876ddetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4n00b9d22026-06-16T06:46:20Zqt4n00b9d2Essays in Private Capital MarketsSystla, Venkat AnandPanageas, StavrosKorteweg, Arthur G2026-06-12In chapter 1, I show that U.S. public pension plans strategically invest in private equity to exploit the appearance of stability created by smoothed net asset value reporting. Using the 2012 GASB 67 and 68 accounting reform as a quasi-exogenous shock to the visibility of pension underfunding, I find that underfunded pensions increased their allocation to private equity and were 19% more likely to select fund managers with a history of stronger return smoothing within four years of the reform. While smoothing offers short-term accounting benefits, it amplifies portfolio allocation risks during market downturns through the “Denominator Effect.” When public asset values decline, the relative weight of smoothed private equity holdings becomes mechanically inflated, causing overallocation for plans that must maintain portfolio weights within specified bands. This imbalance often forces pensions to liquidate private equity holdings in the secondary market at substantial discounts, locking in losses during periods of stress.In chapter 2 (with Arthur Korteweg and Stavros Panageas), we evaluate private equity performance using investor-specific stochastic discount factors, and examine whether public pension plans could benefit from changing their allocation to private equity. Plans invest in private equity funds with higher than average risk-adjusted performance, driven mainly by preferential access to successful managers rather than superior selection skill. Decomposing returns into risk-compensation and alpha components, we find that some plans obtain higher private equity returns by taking more risk without earning higher, and in some cases earning lower, risk-adjusted returns. This pattern is broadly consistent with agency problems within pension plans, including gambling for resurrection by underfunded plans and political influence on investment decisions by board members appointed by government officials.FinanceMarketingEconomicsPrivate Capital MarketsPrivate EquityPublic Pensionsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n00b9d2https://escholarship.org/content/qt4n00b9d2/qt4n00b9d2.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt03t9b4bh2026-06-16T06:46:16Zqt03t9b4bhPerformance Analysis of Infrastructure for Distributed Large Language Model Training and InferenceChen, BingluGupta, Puneet2026-06-12This thesis presents a hardware aware performance modeling framework for distributed large language model training and inference. The framework takes model, workload, hardware, and parallelism configurations as inputs, constructs operator level computation graphs, models computation and communication, and estimates runtime under hybrid parallelism. It also includes memory estimation to prune configurations that exceed device memory capacity. The framework is validated using published results and local A100 measurements, showing useful accuracy for both training and inference workloads. Case studies demonstrate its use for design space exploration, including a Llama 3.1 405B training parallelism sweep and inference studies comparing A100 with a configuration inspired by Groq LPU. Overall, this work shows that fast hardware aware modeling can help evaluate existing systems and explore future hardware and software designs for large language model workloads.Electrical engineeringComputer engineeringapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/03t9b4bhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt03t9b4bh/qt03t9b4bh.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1862t7pt2026-06-16T06:46:11Zqt1862t7ptSex-dependent effects of early life adversity on avoidance behavior, nucleus accumbens spine development, and microglial maturationBlagburn Blanco, Sara VictoriaWilke, Laura A2026-06-12Exposure to early life adversity (ELA), such as neglect, maltreatment, poverty, and discrimination, is one of the largest known risk factors for developing mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders during childhood and later in life. Evidence from human studies and animal models suggests that ELA disrupts the development of key emotion centers within the brain, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc). By derailing typical developmental trajectories, ELA alters neural circuitry and activity within the NAc, leading to dysfunctional reward processing, threat-sensitization, and maladaptive behavioral patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying ELA's impact on maturing cells and circuits within the NAc remain poorly understood. Using an established limited bedding and nesting (LBN) mouse model of ELA, we identified a sex-dependent enhancement of avoidance behaviors and a corresponding reduction in reward-approach in LBN adult males. Additionally, LBN males displayed a significant increase in neural activity within the NAc in response to the initiation of risky exploration relative to age- and sex-matched standard reared (SR) controls. We also identified a sexually dimorphic, LBN-induced reduction in the dendritic spine densities of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the NAc. In a second set of studies investigating the impacts of ELA on developing microglia, brain-resident immune cells that help refine neural circuits, we discovered profound LBN-induced alterations to NAc microglial morphology and transcriptional profiles. Microglial density in the NAc was transiently elevated in LBN mice during postnatal development, accompanied by longer-lasting increases in microglial branching complexity spanning from the 2nd postnatal week through adolescence. Using bulk RNA sequencing on FACS-isolated microglia, we found significant differences in gene expression between LBN and SR animals across development. Differentially expressed genes peaked during adulthood, suggesting that microglial transcriptional profiles continue to diverge from those of SR animals well past the initial LBN exposure. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules correlated with LBN, age, and specific combinations of age and rearing group. Together, these studies elucidate molecular, cellular, and circuit-level pathways through which ELA reshapes NAc development and behavior, providing a foundation for identifying targeted, biologically informed interventions to mitigate ELA's long-term impacts.NeurosciencesGeneticsImmunologyavoidancedevelopmentearly life adversitymicroglianucleus accumbenssex differencespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1862t7ptetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt89k3k9212026-06-16T06:46:05Zqt89k3k921Assessing the reduction in cancer risk from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among wildland firefighters utilizing air purifying respiratorsRamirez, Nicholas MaximusJones, Rachael M2026-06-12Wildland urban interface (WUI) fires produce complex inhalation exposures in their smoke, one of those hazardous exposures are particulate bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study characterized the composition and size distribution of particulate bound PAHs measured in WUI simulated smoke generated in a chamber system. A filtration model was utilized to examine the filtration efficiency of a high performance respirator filter against particle bound PAHs in the generated smoke. Four combustion trials were performed containing biogenic and synthetic fuels to represent WUI combustion conditions. Samples were collected by a cascade impactor and analyzed via GC-MS, which allowed for speciation and calculation of toxic equivalency to determine the lifetime average daily dose and incremental lifetime cancer rick (ILCR). The study found that the particulate bound PAHs were predominately in the thoracic and respirable size ranges which indicated potential deposition in toxicologically relevant regions of the respiratory tract. The filtration model predicted near complete removal of particle sizes measured and with an assigned protection factor of ten for an elastomeric half mask the ILCR may be reduced by up to 90%.Environmental healthForestryEnvironmental scienceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/89k3k921https://escholarship.org/content/qt89k3k921/qt89k3k921.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt11m1b6342026-06-16T06:46:01Zqt11m1b634Belonging Through the Middle School Transition: A Youth Participatory Action Research Study of Black and Latinx Students in a Predominantly White Independent SchoolArriarán, JonathanGomez, Kimberley2026-06-12Middle school is an important transition as students navigate new academic, social, and personal challenges while trying to develop a sense of belonging. For Black and Latinx students entering predominantly White independent schools (PWIS), this transition often carries additional racial and cultural pressures that shape how they experience school, relationships, and connection. This youth participatory action research (YPAR) study explored how Black and Latinx middle school students at an elite PWIS understood belonging, experienced unbelonging, and imagined how schools could better support them.Through interviews, surveys, group discussions, and collaborative design work, students served as co-researchers who investigated the experiences of Black and Latinx students and developed ideas to strengthen belonging within their school community. The findings showed that students experienced the strongest sense of belonging through cultural representation reflected in their teachers and through their genuine relationships with them. Students also felt belonging in affinity spaces and through visible institutional efforts that intentionally recognized and affirmed their identities. Belonging also emerged through allyship and connections beyond race-ethnicity, including shared interests and experiences with peers, as well as through students’ ability to endure expected challenges to belonging. At the same time, the study found that feelings of unbelonging stemmed from a growing distrust of the school. Students described carrying an added burden to belong, including limited access, experiences across a spectrum of othering, and a pressure to adapt parts of themselves. Inconsistent responses to racism, insufficient cultural validation, underrepresentation, and avoidance of proactive conversations about race and identity further intensified challenges to belonging. In response, the co-researchers designed an intervention centered on students’ lived experiences. They emphasized curricular and demographic representation, addressing both large and small-impact issues, and strengthening institutional accountability. Students selected professional development for teachers as the primary intervention, seeking to leverage relationships as a pathway toward greater cultural responsiveness and change. Participation in YPAR also strengthened students’ confidence, agency, critical awareness, and connection with one another. This study contributes to research on belonging and middle school experiences by centering the voices of Black and Latinx students and showing that early adolescents can identify inequities, communicate their needs, and design meaningful change within their schools.Educational leadershipMulticultural educationEducational sociologyLatin American studiesMiddle school educationEthnic studiesbelongingindependent schoolsmiddle school transitionracial identitystudent voiceyouth participatory action researchapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/11m1b634https://escholarship.org/content/qt11m1b634/qt11m1b634.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4wx3z9pv2026-06-16T06:45:56Zqt4wx3z9pvStrong equivalence via derivations and their interpretationsChang, KalenBumford, Dylan2026-06-12This dissertation presents two ways to compare grammar formalisms beyond the string or tree languages they generate, by also examining how these strings are generated. Though formalisms vary vastly in the ways they build strings or structures to produce strings, I propose that comparing their derivations themselves can yield fruitful results of equivalence between seemingly different formalisms. The first notion is count equivalence: two grammars are count equivalent if they generate the same number of derivations per string. The second considers interpretations as homomorphic functions over derivation structures. Two grammars are interpretationally equivalent if they generate the same set of string-interpretation pairs. Interpretations are not limited to semantics, but serve as a proxy for comparing the derivation structure as a whole -- how the derivation was assembled.
Although many of the formalisms I discuss are known to be weakly equivalent, I provide many examples of how to constructively transform a grammar in one formalism into a strongly equivalent grammar in another formalism: one that is able to generate the same derivational ambiguity, and the same interpretation values given a homomorphic function. Besides demonstrating how one grammar relates to another, I show how the derivations of each grammar, and how interpretations over those derivations, correspond. These transformations occur across a wide variety of formalisms and subclasses thereof, spanning both Context-Free formalisms (Context-Free Grammars and Pushdown Automata) and Mildly Context-Sensitive formalisms (Head Grammars, Linear Indexed Grammars, and linear monadic Context-Free Tree Grammars). I conclude by considering the implications this formal work has for broader linguistic research. I propose that studying these translations across formalisms reveals insights to how the recursive structure-building mechanisms of each formalism relate.LinguisticsLanguageApplied mathematicsderivationsgrammar formalismsinterpretationsstrong equivalenceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wx3z9pvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4wx3z9pv/qt4wx3z9pv.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt575252w92026-06-16T06:45:51Zqt575252w9Genome Mining and Biochemical Characterization of BiNCO Enzymes in Fungal RiPPs BiosynthesisChen, Kendy GuanTang, Yi2026-06-12Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) represent a growing class of natural products with diverse structures and biological activities. While bacterial RiPP biosynthetic pathways have been extensively studied, fungal RiPP systems remain comparatively underexplored. In particular, binuclear copper-dependent oxidative enzymes (BiNCOs), formerly annotated as members of the Domain of Unknown Function 3328 (DUF3328) family, have recently emerged as important oxidative tailoring enzyme in fungal RiPP biosynthesis. However, their biochemical functions, substrate recognition requirements, and catalytic mechanisms remain largely unresolved. This thesis investigates fungal RiPP-associated BiNCO enzymes through a combination of genome mining, bioinformatic analysis, and biochemical characterization. Initial studies focused on phomopsin A homologous biosynthetic gene cluster to establish an in vitro reconstruction platform for characterizing BiNCO-mediated peptide modification. Heterologous expression and refolding studies revealed substantial experimental challenges, including poor protein solubility and unsuccessful refolding of recombinant enzymes, highlighting common bottlenecks associated with the biochemical characterization of fungal oxidative enzymes. To further explore the diversity of fungal BiNCO systems, genome mining was performed on biosynthetic gene clusters from Trichoderma afroharzianum T22. Comparative analysis of precursor peptides suggested that additional proteolytic processing may be required to generate the authentic BiNCO substrate, although the responsible cleavage sites, processing enzymes, and timing of these events remain unclear. Continued protein refolding difficulties further limited complete pathway reconstitution in vitro. Building upon these observations, a BiNCO-containing biosynthetic pathway from C. borealis was investigated to evaluate putative substrate recognition motifs. Guided by literature reports describing conserved XAXP cleavage-site motifs, peptide substrates containing analogous sequence features were examined in vitro. Activity was observed in the presence of BiNCO-2, demonstrating that motif-guided substrate design can facilitate identification of productive peptide substrates. Collectively, these studies expand current understanding of fungal RiPP BiNCO systems and highlight the experimental challenges associated with characterizing cryptic fungal biosynthetic pathways. This work further demonstrates the utility of genome mining and motif-guided substrate design in investigating underexplored oxidative enzymes involved in fungal natural product biosynthesis.ChemistryMicrobiologyBiochemistrypubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/575252w9etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3cd8h48k2026-06-16T06:45:46Zqt3cd8h48kThe Perturbative Role of Topological Surface States in Heterogeneous CatalysisLaderer, WilliamAlexandrova, Anastassia N2026-06-12Topological materials host surface states guaranteed by bulk band topology, leading to proposals that these topological surface states (TSS) could serve as robust, poison-resistant active sites for heterogeneous catalysis. This dissertation examines that hypothesis through three complementary first-principles studies, revealing that TSS are neither the indestructible electron reservoirs initially envisioned nor irrelevant spectators, but rather sensitive, perturbative contributors to catalytic binding. First, we characterize the (111) surface of the topological crystalline insulator EuAg4Sb2 using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. The surface undergoes a thermodynamically driven ( √ 3 × √ 3)R30◦ reconstruction, stabilized by 2.55 eV through Ag adatom incorporation. This reconstruction breaks the local C3v symmetry protecting the TSS, pulling the dispersive surface states below the Fermi level. TSS-derived surface states are modified but not entirely removed, indicating that the original surface-state manifold participates in the bonding rearrangement accompanying reconstruction.Second, we investigate whether TSS participate in catalysis on the topological semimetal Pt3Sn, an industrial dehydrogenation catalyst. The thermodynamically dominant (111) and (001) facets both host TSS; the non-topological (110) surface serves as a control. Hydrogen couples weakly to TSS through a momentum-dependent interaction, but the dominant binding occurs through conventional Pt d-band states. Stochastic GW calculations confirm that TSS persist beyond the one-particle approximation. The dehydrogenation profiles on topological facets diverge from the non-topological control, establishing that TSS provide a perturbation to an otherwise standard catalytic mechanism.Third, we design metal/topological-insulator heterostructures, monolayers of Pt, Au, and Ag on Bi2Te3, to decouple adsorbate binding from the topological perturbation. TSS mix with metal film states and shift binding energies in chemically specific ways: strengthening CO adsorption on Au and Ag through π ∗ back-donation, and weakening H adsorption on Pt through an occupied σ ∗ antibonding interaction. Both shifts move the corresponding adsorption descriptors toward their catalytic volcano optima. The effect attenuates beyond a single metal monolayer, setting a target for atomically precise thin-film synthesis. Together, these studies establish that TSS play a perturbative role in heterogeneous catalysis and that heterostructure engineering offers a viable route to harnessing that perturbation. Computational chemistryChemistryPhysical chemistrycatalysischemistrytopologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cd8h48khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3cd8h48k/qt3cd8h48k.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7841t8gm2026-06-16T06:45:41Zqt7841t8gmPermanent Fluidic Magnet-Enabled Smart Cup for Non-Invasive Detection of Parkinsonian Hand TremorLi, ZihengChen, JunYang, Lin2026-06-12Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting approximately 1.51 per 1000 individuals. Hand tremor, as the most common motor manifestation, is characterized by a resting frequency of 4–6 Hz and is often among the earliest observable symptoms. Existing monitoring approaches rely on either dedicated wearable hardware that requires deliberate attachment or centralized clinical instrumentation, neither of which supports continuous, passive detection during everyday activities. This thesis presents a proof-of-concept smart drinking cup for non-invasive, passive detection of Parkinsonian hand tremor. Permanent fluidic magnets (PFM) — a fluid that retains permanent magnetization through a three-dimensional oriented and ramified magnetic nanoparticle network — are embedded within a cylindrical cavity in the cup handle. When the hand trembles, inertia-driven oscillation of the PFM generates a time-varying magnetic flux that induces a measurable electrical signal in a surrounding induction coil via Faraday’s law. A magnetoelastic generator (MEG) coaster passively restores PFM magnetization after each use, requiring no user intervention. PFM at a 25% magnetic particle mass fraction was selected through rheological characterization, balancing flowability under low-amplitude tremor excitation against the structural integrity of the magnetic network responsible for permanent magnetization. Electrical signals were recorded under simulated tremor and normal hand motion conditions, incorporating naturalistic everyday movements. After bandpass filtering (0.5–15 Hz), downsampling to 100 Hz, and sliding-window segmentation (2-second windows, 1-second step), a balanced dataset of 1,416 labeled windows was constructed. Four classifiers were evaluated, all achieving accuracies above 96% with near-perfect AUC scores. The t-SNE visualization of the extracted feature space confirmed strong geometric separation between tremor and normal classes, consistent with the spectrally distinct nature of PD-associated tremor. These results establish the feasibility of the PFM-embedded smart cup as a platform for passive tremor monitoring during daily life. Validation on real PD patient data is identified as the critical next step toward clinical translation.Electrical engineeringBioengineeringComputer scienceComputer engineeringHand tremor detectionMachine learningMagnetoelastic sensingParkinson's diseasePermanent fluidic magnetsSmart cuppubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7841t8gmetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2bb1w43x2026-06-16T06:45:36Zqt2bb1w43xIndictment on the System: Black Males Reshaping Resilience from Foster Care and High SchoolThompson, DemonteaHoward, Tyrone C.2026-06-12Black males in foster care experience some of the poorest educational outcomes in the child welfare system, yet their perspectives remain largely absent from educational research. Existing scholarship often emphasizes deficits while overlooking the strengths, strategies, and relationships that support persistence and success. This qualitative study examines how Black males formerly in foster care understood their high school experiences and how supportive adults contributed to graduation.Grounded in Critical Race Theory and Community Cultural Wealth, the study introduces Foster Care Perceptive Capital (FCP-Capital) to describe the knowledge, skills, and assets shaped through foster care experience. Data came from semi-structured interviews with seven Black males formerly in foster care who graduated from high school and four adult mentors they identified as influential. Multiple interviews supported analysis across school, home, and community contexts.Findings show that participants navigated schooling amid instability, placement disruption, surveillance, racialized expectations, and systemic inequity. Even so, they relied on agency, spirituality, adaptive survival strategies, and supportive relationships to persist. Five themes emerged: identity in and beyond school, environment and expectations, spirituality and tough love, redefined resilience, and critique of the system. Mentors, educators, coaches, foster parents, and community members provided encouragement, accountability, advocacy, and belonging often missing from formal systems.This study challenges deficit-oriented narratives about Black male youth in foster care by centering their lived-experience, insight, and aspirations. Findings suggest that educational attainment depends not only on individual determination but also on affirming relationships, culturally responsive support, and opportunities to build FCP-Capital. Implications include expanding strengths-based approaches, investing in sustained mentorship, improving educational stability, and creating schools that recognize and build on youths’ assets. By centering the voices of Black males who graduated from high school after foster care, this study offers a more nuanced understanding of resilience, educational attainment, and possibility. Los jóvenes negros que han pasado por el sistema de acogimiento familiar presentan algunos de los peores resultados educativos dentro del sistema de bienestar infantil; sin embargo, sus perspectivas siguen estando mayoritariamente ausentes de la investigación educativa. Los estudios existentes suelen centrarse en las carencias, pasando por alto las fortalezas, estrategias y relaciones que favorecen la perseverancia y el éxito. Este estudio cualitativo examina cómo jóvenes negros que estuvieron en acogimiento familiar percibieron su experiencia en la escuela secundaria y cómo los adultos que les brindaron apoyo contribuyeron a que se graduaran.Basándose en la Teoría Crítica de la Raza y en el concepto de Riqueza Cultural Comunitaria, el estudio introduce el término "Capital Perceptivo del Acogimiento Familiar" (FCP-Capital) para describir los conocimientos, habilidades y recursos desarrollados a través de la experiencia en dicho sistema. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con siete jóvenes negros que habían estado en acogimiento familiar y se graduaron de la secundaria, así como con cuatro mentores adultos a quienes ellos identificaron como figuras influyentes. La realización de múltiples entrevistas permitió analizar sus experiencias en los ámbitos escolar, familiar y comunitario.Los resultados muestran que los participantes transitaron su etapa escolar en medio de inestabilidad, interrupciones en las ubicaciones de acogida, vigilancia constante, expectativas condicionadas por la raza y desigualdades sistémicas. A pesar de ello, recurrieron a su capacidad de agencia, a la espiritualidad, a estrategias de supervivencia adaptativas y a relaciones de apoyo para perseverar. Surgieron cinco temas clave: la identidad dentro y fuera de la escuela; el entorno y las expectativas; la espiritualidad y el "amor firme" (exigencia afectuosa); una resiliencia redefinida; y la crítica al sistema. Mentores, educadores, entrenadores, padres de acogida y miembros de la comunidad brindaron ánimo, responsabilidad, defensa de sus intereses y un sentido de pertenencia que a menudo faltaba en los sistemas formales.Este estudio cuestiona las narrativas centradas en las carencias de los jóvenes negros en acogimiento familiar, priorizando en su lugar sus experiencias vitales, sus perspectivas y sus aspiraciones.Los hallazgos sugieren que el logro educativo no depende únicamente de la determinación individual, sino también de relaciones que afirmen su identidad, de un apoyo culturalmente pertinente y de oportunidades para desarrollar el FCP-Capital. Entre las implicaciones prácticas se incluyen: ampliar los enfoques basados en fortalezas, invertir en mentorías sostenidas, mejorar la estabilidad educativa y crear escuelas que reconozcan y potencien los recursos y capacidades de estos jóvenes. Al poner en primer plano las voces de jóvenes negros que se graduaron de la secundaria tras haber pasado por el sistema de acogimiento, este estudio ofrece una comprensión más matizada de la resiliencia, el éxito educativo y las posibilidades de futuro.EducationEducational administrationHigher educationBlack MalesCritical Race TheoryEducationFoster CareFoster Care Perceptive CapitalHigh Schoolapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bb1w43xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2bb1w43x/qt2bb1w43x.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3zz486xf2026-06-16T06:45:31Zqt3zz486xfWeaponizing the Ballot: State-Sponsored and Party-Perpetrated Violence Against Women in East African ElectionsCoopersmith, Alexis RaeAgadjanian, Victor2026-06-12This dissertation, Weaponizing the Ballot: State-Sponsored and Party-Perpetrated Violence Against Women in East African Elections, argues that violence against women in elections is not incidental to electoral competition but is instead produced and managed by regimes as mechanisms of political control. Drawing from election cycles between 2015 and 2025 across Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania, I show that electoral violence operates through coordinated or permissive actions by state and party actors, enabled by legacies of impunity. Violence varies in form—diffuse and publicly perpetrated in Kenya, more centralized in Rwanda, and institutionally embedded in Tanzania—but is consistent in function: regulating women’s access to political participation.Chapter 1 examines violence against female aspirants within political institutions, showing how party gatekeeping, nomination processes, and internal state hierarchies regulate women’s access to formal political office. Chapter 2 argues that sexualized violence operates as one mechanism of political repression, deployed to discipline participation, enforce exclusion, and signal the costs of visibility in public life. It also shows that political institutions produce patterns of visibility and silence by regulating information and managing risk. Chapter 3 analyzes the militarization of civic space, arguing that campaigns, rallies, polling environments, and even everyday public spaces can be co-opted into volatile arenas that disproportionately constrain women’s political engagement. I call this dynamic manufactured volatility: a way of governance in which uncertainty, risk, and disruption are embedded within the political system itself, unevenly distributed across electoral space and filtering participation through unequal exposure to risk.Violence against women in elections operates both materially and symbolically. It enforces the boundaries of legitimate political actors, polices visibility, and sustains patriarchal rule within the framework of electoral competition. Together, the dissertation reconceptualizes electoral violence as a form of state-sponsored, party-perpetrated repression that uses violence against women as a strategy for governing who can safely appear, compete, and remain in political life.SociologyPolitical scienceWomens studiespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zz486xfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4xw603kc2026-06-16T06:45:25Zqt4xw603kcPracticing Asexuality in Late Imperial Chinese Literature: Abstaining from Sex as a Form of Women’s AutonomyChen, Cindy ChristinaWu, Yinghui2026-06-12This thesis examines the practices of asexuality as performed by women in late imperial Chinese literature; by abstaining from sex, I argue, these women wrested autonomy over their sexual bodies from societal norms constructed by men. By understanding asexuality as practices, rather than an identity, I present these women as deviating from typical tropes of female characters in the likeness of fox-spirit succubi or lecherous nuns. Previous works in asexuality studies have focused on Western or modern-day identity, whereas studies on Chinese fictional tales have mostly been focused on both the reader’s and author’s fascination with sex, rather than its absence. This paper seeks to highlight how the boundaries that women set for their own bodies can be interpreted as a spectrum of asexual practices in late imperial Chinese literature. Based on stories of Pu Songling’s Liaozhai zhiyi, Li Yu’s Twelve Towers and Silent Operas, and the novel Haoqiu zhuan, I argue that the women’s choices to abstain from sex may have enabled women in late imperial China to reclaim autonomy over their sexual bodies from men. This thesis explores these choices through three categories: 1) religion as an avenue through which women’s bodies are no longer defined by their ability to reproduce in their social roles as wives and mothers; 2) the metaphor of the supernatural, which presents women along a spectrum from exhibiting aggressive female desire to sexual restraint; and, 3) the changing norms of chastity when viewed through women’s social practice rather than absolute moral precepts.East Asian studiesLiteratureWomens studiesSexualityAsexualityChastityPremodern Chinese literatureWomen's bodieszhiguai storiesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xw603kchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4xw603kc/qt4xw603kc.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5xc2r41w2026-06-16T06:45:20Zqt5xc2r41wImproving Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Completion Rates in Medication Management Visits: A Plan-Do-Study-Act Driven Quality Improvement Initiativeneiswender, lorenGreen, StaceyClark, Lauren2026-06-12Background: Measurement-based care (MBC) is the routine collection and use of standardized symptom measures to monitor patient progress and inform treatment decisions. Although MBC is recommended in psychiatric clinical practice, routine use of standardized symptom-monitoring tools remains inconsistent in many outpatient behavioral health settings. At the project site, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) use was not routinely integrated into medication management appointments and lacked a standardized clinic process. Objectives: To implement and evaluate a standardized clinic workflow for administering the PHQ-9 to every patient (>12 years of age) upon arrival for a medication management visit at an outpatient behavioral health clinic. Methods: This project used a quality improvement (QI) design with a pre-/post-implementation approach and three sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles over a 12-week implementation period. Lewin’s Change Theory guided implementation. The intervention included reception-based PHQ-9 distribution, provider office backup forms, provider acknowledgment of review by initials, and routing of completed forms for scanning into the electronic health record. Descriptive statistics summarized visit-level PHQ-9 completion, distribution source, provider acknowledgment of review, and form routing. Post-implementation staff and provider surveys consisted of both quantitative and qualitative responses. Results: Implementation data were collected across 102 eligible medication management visits. Of the 102 visits, 84 PHQ-9 forms were completed (82.4% response rate) with 18 instances where the form was not distributed. Completion improved across the PDSA cycles, increasing from 78.0% in Cycle 1 to 81.1% in Cycle 2 and 91.7% in Cycle 3. The most common distribution source was from reception (61/84 - 72.6%). Forms were less frequently distributed by providers (23/84 - 27.4%). Provider initials were present on 73 of the 84 distributed forms, representing 71.6% of all eligible visits and 86.9% of forms completed by patients. Post-implementation reception staff feedback indicated that PHQ-9 distribution was generally quick and low burden, and provider feedback suggested that the PHQ-9 were perceived as useful during visits. Conclusion: Implementation of a standardized MBC process improved PHQ-9 distribution and completion across the three PDSA cycles. Findings suggest that routine MBC may be supported by a clearly defined clinic process including staff roles, provider acknowledgment, and ongoing monitoring. Future QI and/or research are needed to examine how PHQ-9 results are incorporated into patient care and collaborative clinical decision-making visits and whether MBC influences treatment changes and patient outcomes over time.NursingMedicineMental healthClinical psychologymeasurement-based caremental healthPatient Health Questionnaire-9PDSApsychiatryquality improvementapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xc2r41whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5xc2r41w/qt5xc2r41w.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08x5c2zd2026-06-16T06:45:14Zqt08x5c2zdExploring New Methods for Reducing Global and Regional Uncertainty in Climate ProjectionsCropper, Stephen JamesHall, Alexander Dean2026-06-12Climate projections remain limited by uncertainty in how models translate external forcing into global and regional impacts. This dissertation develops emergent constraints: observationally anchored relationships between measurable climate features and uncertain future responses. It applies this framework to three targets: equilibrium climate sensitivity, interior western United States soil moisture, and western North American mountain snowpack.
First, it revisits constraints on equilibrium climate sensitivity based on global mean surface temperature variability. Extending the analysis to last-millennium simulations and PAGES 2k reconstructions shows that, after reducing volcanic influence, interannual and decadal variability support positive emergent relationships and yield central estimates of 2.5–2.7 K.
Second, it constrains surface soil moisture drying over the interior western United States. The historical amplitude of the soil-moisture seasonal cycle predicts end-of-century drying across CMIP6 and WUS-D3 ensembles. Observation-based products constrain drying to −4% rather than the raw CMIP6 estimate of −7%, reduce spread by roughly 30%, and point to land-surface model structure as a key source of uncertainty.
Third, it constrains mid-century April 1 snow water equivalent loss using 9 km WUS-D3 simulations. Historical spring positive degree-day trends measure above-freezing melt energy and explain cross-model spread. Observations constrain 2041–2070 domain-mean decline to −22.9 ± 11.0% (95% confidence interval), reducing spread by 35% and revealing important ecoregional differences.
Together, these studies show that emergent constraints are strongest when their predictors are physically tied to the projected response and evaluated at the spatial scale of the decision-relevant process.Atmospheric sciencesClimate changeHydrologic sciencesGeophysicsPaleoclimate scienceMeteorologyemergent constraintsequilibrium climate sensitivitylast millenniumpaleoclimatesnow water equivalentsoil moistureapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08x5c2zdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt08x5c2zd/qt08x5c2zd.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8db427zd2026-06-16T06:45:08Zqt8db427zdPerceiving Gender Identity: Mental Representation, Categorization, and Evaluation of Transgender TargetsStrickland, Lucas M.Johnson, Kerri L.2026-06-12Transgender individuals represent a growing share of the American population yet face disproportionate rates of violence, discrimination, and psychological adversity. Despite extensive documentation of these consequences, the cognitive and perceptual processes through which anti-transgender bias originates remain poorly understood. This dissertation blends social vision and social cognition frameworks to investigate how transgender individuals are mentally represented, visually categorized, and evaluatively penalized in social encounters.The first empirical chapter introduces a novel indirect measure of mental representations, the Group Q-Sort (GQ-Sort), applying it across four studies to examine how sexual and gender minority identities are mentally organized relative to one another and to broader gender categories. The second chapter turns to the face, examining across two studies whether transgender identity can be visually categorized from facial photographs and how that categorization shapes evaluation. The final chapter extends these questions to the body across four studies, showing how specific bodily cues, particularly the surgical scarring left by masculinizing chest surgery, drive the categorization and evaluation of transgender torsos.Two primary patterns emerge across all three chapters. First, a cisgender default: perceivers treat cisgender heterosexual identity as the prototypical standard against which other gender identities are evaluated, resolving categorical uncertainty toward cisgender classifications. Second, an LGBT–femininity default: all LGBTQ+ identities, including those of transgender men, are mentally associated with femininity relative to the cisgender norm, a pattern that replicates across mental representational, facial, and bodily measures. The dissertation further shows that post-surgical pectoral scars function as powerful transgender-identity cues with direct evaluative consequences. A more tentative pattern also emerges: ease of visual processing appears to partially explain evaluative penalties in the face domain, whereas specific visible surgical cues appear to drive bias in the body domain. These results suggest a potential face-body dissociation in visual processing and subsequent stigma, but further work is needed to definitively conclude such findings.Together, these findings trace a psychological chain from mental representation through perceptual categorization to evaluative bias, establishing the empirical foundations of a science of transgender person perception.Social psychologyCognitive psychologyGender studiesLGBTQ studiesMental healthface perceptiongender identityLGBTQ+mental representationperceptual fluencytransgenderapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8db427zdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8db427zd/qt8db427zd.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1jz6d9pg2026-06-16T06:45:04Zqt1jz6d9pgA Nurse Practitioner–Led Feasibility Pilot of Strength Training for Adults with Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderKoehler, FrederickMacey, Paul M2026-06-12Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition often associated with persistent symptoms and functional impairment despite first-line treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP). This persistent symptom burden supports the need for practical, scalable, non-pharmacologic adjuncts that can be integrated into outpatient psychiatric care.Aim: This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) scholarly project evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary symptom trajectory of a 12-week nurse practitioner–led structured strength training program for adults with OCD in an outpatient psychiatric setting. Methods: A single-group longitudinal pre–post quality improvement (QI) design was used. Thirty adults aged 18–65 years with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) diagnosed OCD participated while maintaining stable psychiatric medication and psychotherapy regimens. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was administered at baseline and every two weeks through week 12. Retention, attendance, adherence, and qualitative feedback were tracked. Y-BOCS outcomes were summarized using means, 95% confidence intervals, percent change from baseline, and group-mean biweekly trajectories. The association between adherence and percent Y-BOCS reduction was examined descriptively using Pearson correlation. Results: Twenty-three of 30 participants completed the 12-week program, a retention rate of 77%. Across the full enrolled sample, mean attendance was 61% of planned sessions. In the full enrolled sample of 30 participants, mean Y-BOCS scores decreased from 24 at baseline to 19 at last observation, a mean reduction of 5 points, 95% CI [4, 6], or 20%. For participants who withdrew, last observation occurred between weeks 4 and 10. Among the 23 completers, mean Y-BOCS scores decreased from 23 at baseline to 17 at week 12, a mean reduction of 6 points, 95% CI [5, 7], or 26%. Higher session attendance was associated with greater observed percent Y-BOCS reduction, with mean reductions of 29% in the high-adherence group, 24% in the moderate-adherence group, and 8% in the low-adherence group. High, moderate, and low adherence were defined as ≥75%, 50%–74%, and <50% of planned sessions completed, respectively. Participant feedback commonly attributed perceived benefit to structured routine, accountability, and clinical contact rather than to strength gain alone. Conclusion: A nurse practitioner–led structured strength training program was feasible to deliver in outpatient psychiatric care, with retention exceeding 70%; however, adherence remained below the 75% benchmark. OCD symptom scores decreased during the 12-week observation period, but improvement cannot be attributed to strength training because of the single-group design, concurrent treatment, and non-blinded outcome assessment. The project identified adherence, rather than retention, as the primary feasibility challenge. Participant feedback suggested that structured routine, accountability, and clinical contact supported engagement. Future QI iterations should test strategies to improve adherence and separate intervention delivery from outcome assessment.NursingMental healthKinesiologyExercise interventionFeasibilityNurse practitionerObsessive-compulsive disorderQuality improvementStrength trainingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jz6d9pghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1jz6d9pg/qt1jz6d9pg.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2vg9d4h92026-06-16T06:44:59Zqt2vg9d4h9Seeing and Feeling Differently: Neurocognitive Experiences of our Racialized Social WorldMatos, Leezet MarisolLieberman, Matthew D.2026-06-12Race and racism continue to be salient features of our social world (Chae et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2019; Quinn et al., 2023). Although previous social and affective research has begun to uncover differences between the way people from different racial backgrounds, with different historical proximities to power, perceive and interpret racialized social stimuli (Reinka & Leach, 2018), research has not yet used naturalistic stimuli to compare how similarly members of racially dominant and racially marginalized groups make sense of our racialized social world. This dissertation addresses this gap by using computational linguistic and fMRI-based neural synchrony analyses to explore how people of different racial groups see and understand racialized social situations (e.g., videos showing varying levels of tension and anti-Black racism between Black and White characters). It also explores factors facilitating mutual understanding across racial groups.Chapter 1 begins with a review of race-related social and affective neuroscience that frames subsequent empirical investigations. In Chapter 2, two studies examine whether Black and White participants made sense of racialized naturalistic stimuli differently at both behavioral (by assessing interpretative similarity) and neurocognitive (by assessing neural synchrony in regions associated with sense-making) levels. Cross-race differences in interpretations were observed for videos depicting nonracist interracial conflict at the behavioral level across two online samples of Black and White participants in study 1 (N = 523); however, the most robust effects were observed at the neurocognitive level. In study 2 (N = 57), strong evidence of cross-race neural differences emerged for a clip portraying a complex historical portrayal of anti-Black systemic racism within multiple brain regions associated with meaning-making, but most notably within a region overlapping the inferior parietal lobule and temporoparietal junction. Effects also emerged for videos depicting modern microaggressive anti-Black racism (within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) and non-racism related interracial conflict (in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Critical Black History Knowledge (i.e., knowledge of past anti-Black racism) facilitated mutual understanding of both past systemic racism and modern anti-Black racism. Finally, Chapter 3 more closely examines the role emotions and affective processes play in generating mutual understanding of our racialized social world. Results suggest emotional experiences of witnessing racism (empathic responses, feelings of negative emotionality and, potentially, emotion regulation) are key aspects of racialized meaning-making that also promote mutual understanding of past systemic racism and modern anti-Black racism.NeurosciencesPsychologySocial psychologyBlack studiesCognitive psychologyanti-Black RacismComputational LinguisticsEmotionsMutual UnderstandingNeural SynchronyRacialized Social and Affective Neuroscienceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vg9d4h9https://escholarship.org/content/qt2vg9d4h9/qt2vg9d4h9.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt13m4821s2026-06-16T06:44:54Zqt13m4821sInvestigating Mu Opioid Receptors on Dopamine-1 Receptor Expressing Neurons in the Dorsal Peduncular Nucleus and their Role in Opioid RewardSigal, Gabriella HannahCahill, Catherine MPhelps, Patricia E2026-06-12The Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR) is well known for its role in opioid reward through the release of dopamine through the mesolimbic reward system. However, there is less information regarding the importance of MORs in opioid reward in the non-striatal regions. This study aims to investigate the necessity of MORs on Dopamine 1- receptor (D1-R) and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2)- expressing neurons in the Dorsal Peduncular nucleus (DPn) in facilitating opioid reward. Full body knockout of MORs from D1-R expressing neurons did not reduce opioid-induced hyperlocomotion but did block locomotor sensitization. This breeding strategy also resulted in preventing reward to oxycodone, and this loss of reward was found to be generalizable to morphine. When ablating MORs from the DPn as a whole using a cre-dependent AAV in MORloxP/loxP mice, no significant differences in conditioned place preference (CPP) score were observed between wildtype and conditional knock-out mice, although viral placement was not confirmed. Finally, the ablation of MORs from specifically D1-R expressing neurons in the DPn using a CRISPR-Cas9 viral construct did show a reduction in opioid reward relative to mice receiving the incorrect viral construct that served as controls. D1-R expressing neurons in the DPn expressed MOR and vGluT2 using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Although more data is needed to make definitive conclusions, this study shows trending information that MORs on D1-R and vGluT2 expressing neurons in the DPn play an important role in mediating opioid reward. Understanding this mechanism could contribute to the development of therapeutics that aim to minimize the addictive, rewarding properties of opioids while still providing analgesia, reducing the risk of opioid misuse and the ongoing opioid epidemic.PhysiologyBehavioral sciencesNeurosciencesExperimental psychologyAversionChronic PainDopamineDorsal Peduncular nucleusOpioidsRewardapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/13m4821shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt13m4821s/qt13m4821s.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jn5p8qw2026-06-16T06:44:49Zqt3jn5p8qwMarine Transport of Heat Towards Ice Shelves and Sea IceFinucane, Garrett DreyfusStewart, Andrew L2026-06-12The Antarctic cryosphere is undergoing rapid change. The melt of Antarctic ice shelves is accelerating at an unprecedented rate. This acceleration is in large part due to the transport of heat to their base by relatively warm ocean waters. Offshore of these ice shelves, there has been a steep decline in the extent of sea ice that floats in the Southern Ocean. How Antarctic ice shelves and sea ice will evolve in a warming climate is still an area of active research.
This thesis leverages theory, numerical simulations, and observations to attempt to better understand the fundamental dynamics of how the ocean and cryosphere interact. The key results are as follows: (i) The net heat transport into ice shelf cavities can be predicted by the large-scale pressure gradient within ice shelf cavities, suggesting the inflow of heat is geostrophically constrained. (ii) Cavities can be broadly separated into "connected" and "disconnected" regimes, depending on whether they are filled with offshore waters, or dense waters formed by polynyas at their entrance. Their regime can be predicted by comparing the competing influences of ice shelf basal melt and sea ice formation on the buoyancy budget at the ice shelf front. (iii) Coherent vortices are ubiquitous features of the sea ice-covered Southern Ocean. In addition, anticyclones are "hotspots" of ocean-to-sea ice heat flux, and make up a significant fraction of the ocean-to-sea ice heat flux around Antarctica.
The work in this thesis represents a substantial advance in our understanding of the ocean circulation within ice shelf cavities and improves our knowledge of the pathways of heat from the ocean to sea ice. These findings could aid in the prediction of future changes to the ocean and cryosphere.Physical oceanographyMarine geologyAtmospheric sciencesIce shelvesPhysical Oceanographysea icesea level riseapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jn5p8qwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3jn5p8qw/qt3jn5p8qw.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8nh4c10k2026-06-16T06:44:44Zqt8nh4c10kEnhancing Prescriber Readiness: An Educational Intervention on Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for New Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse PractitionersByeon, Keumhee heeBrauer, Eden R2026-06-12Background: Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics improve adherence and reduce relapse risk, yet they remain underused. Early-career psychiatric–mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) often report limited training and lower confidence with LAI selection, initiation, monitoring, and missed-dose management. Objectives: To evaluate whether a structured LAI education program improves early-career PMHNPs’ knowledge, confidence, and attitudes related to LAI implementation in routine practice. Design: This single-site quality improvement project used a single-group pretest and posttest design. Before participating in a 90-minute interactive education session, PMHNPs first completed a baseline survey, followed by an immediate post-session survey, and a follow-up survey 4 weeks later. Results: Of the 22 PMHNPs initially enrolled, 18 completed pre- and posttest surveys, for a retention rate of 81.8%. Mean knowledge scores increased from 7.50 (SD = 3.07) at pretest to 9.78 (SD = 0.43) immediately post-intervention (p = .006) and were maintained at 9.94 (SD = 0.24) at the 4-week follow-up. Composite confidence scores improved from 2.98 (SD = 1.08) at pre-intervention to 4.69 (SD = 0.60) at Post-1 (p < .001) and remained stable at Post-2. Composite attitude scores improved from 3.65 (SD = 0.84) at pre-intervention to 4.72 (SD = 0.63) at Post-1 (p = .001) and remained stable at 4.79 (SD = 0.43) at Post-2. Mean satisfaction scores were 4.78 out of 5.00. Conclusions: A brief, practice-focused LAI education program produces significant and sustained improvements in PMHNPs’ LAI knowledge, confidence, and attitudes and may be a useful onboarding component for strengthening patient-centered LAI implementation.NursingHealth educationMental healthHealth care managementattitudeEducationknowledgelong-acting injectableNurse PractitionerPMHNPapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nh4c10khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8nh4c10k/qt8nh4c10k.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt10h5r4622026-06-16T06:44:39Zqt10h5r462Testing a Practical Early Assessment of Student Success in California Community College Baccalaureate ProgramsHoang, HaiRios-Aguilar, Cecilia2026-06-12California recently introduced the Community College Baccalaureate (CCB) program to expand access to bachelor’s degrees and to meet regional labor market needs. Although early CCB outcomes are promising, racial equity gaps and limited understanding of early success indicators present ongoing challenges. This study developed and evaluated the Proactive Assessment for Student Success (PASS), a brief instrument designed around the five non-cognitive constructs: belongingness, growth mindset, study skills, help-seeking attitudes, and conscientiousness. Drawing on Yeager and Bryk’s Practical Measurement framework and Productive Persistence model, the study tested whether the PASS scale could provide early insights into student success in the California CCB programs. By using existing survey data from students across the 15 pilot CCB colleges, the study examined the structure, reliability, and predictive ability of the proposed PASS. The factor analysis produced evidence for three broad factors: Institutional Integration, Academic Self-Regulation, and Regulatory Constraint. In addition, although the overall PASS scale demonstrated acceptable reliability, there were several limitations at the construct-level and item-level. Moreover, regression analyses showed that the PASS total score and the three PASS factors did not predict two-year graduation or post-program salary. At the same time, some background variables were associated with outcomes: Latine students and female students were associated with higher odds of two-year graduation, while pre-program salary and Asian student status predicted post-program salary. Overall, the findings suggest a more complex relationship between the non-cognitive factors and long-term student outcomes in the CCB programs. For instance, the findings suggest the limits of using a brief non-cognitive survey in explaining long-term outcomes in the CCB context. In addition, the results suggest a need to better understand how program design, institutional support, and labor market context may shape CCB student success.Educational evaluationEducational psychologyHigher educationCommunity college educationEducationCommunity College BaccalaureatePractical MeasurementProductive Persistenceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/10h5r462https://escholarship.org/content/qt10h5r462/qt10h5r462.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9bk1395m2026-06-16T06:44:35Zqt9bk1395mIntimate Antagonisms: Bridging the Gap Between Black and Yellow in America, to Go Where?Kwon, SeraOrtiz, VilmaKelley, Robin D.G.2026-06-12This dissertation examines the relationship between intimacy and solidarity through an analysis of historical and contemporary interactions between East Asians and Black people, focusing specifically on the formation of “AfroAsia”—the shared cultural and political histories of people racialized as “Asian” or “Black” (Blain 2015). It considers the early co-constitutive and comparative racialization of “Yellow” and “Negro” that formed following the formal end of slavery and the start of American imperialism in East Asia. The first part of the dissertation provides a brief review of Afro-Asian encounters prior to collective contact in the Americas, tracking changes in conceptions of color, race, blackness, and anti-blackness over the centuries leading up to “racialized modernity.” The second part of the dissertation analyzes contemporary examples of Asian ~ Black conflict and solidarity. Drawing on 81 interviews with self identifying Asian, Black, and Blasian people, these chapters link present-day sentiments with historical context to deconstruct comparative stereotypes. The interviews reveal the ways in which conversations about Asian ~ Black relations are shaped by the racialization of communication patterns and political narratives.SociologyPolitical scienceBlack studiesEthnic studiesafro-asiapubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bk1395metdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8jv6d4jb2026-06-16T06:44:30Zqt8jv6d4jbFilipino Fantasies Under Colonization: Medievalism, Nationalism and Resistance from the Spanish Colonial Period to the Japanese Occupation of the PhilippinesMatabang, Stefanie LydiaStahuljak, Zrinka2026-06-12This project illuminates the national relevance of literary medievalism in the Philippines, that is, the rich narrative corpus of adapted European chivalric literature, focusing on popular and socio-politically significant pieces in literature and film, which span the Spanish (1565-1898), the United States’ (1898-1946), and the Japanese (1942-1945) colonial periods. In the non-settler colonial space of the Philippines, Filipinos could mold and manipulate medievalism without a consistent and substantial settler colonial population to gatekeep and fastidiously monitor Filipino use and application of medievalism, opening it up to greater adaptation and reformulation for local needs, even if those needs are contrary to a European imperialist project. I argue that through this tailoring that created and re-created an imagined medieval world unbeholden to realism and prescribed Western history, further unchecked by the immediate presence of a dominant, corollary medievalist tradition, the Filipino imagining of a Middle Ages became a naturalized space for subversion and anticolonial expression that persisted through multiple periods of foreign colonization and occupation. However, Filipino literary medievalism as a fictive interpretation and recreation of a seemingly foreign Middle Ages also heralded risk and invited significant criticism, most notably by Filipino national hero, Jose Rizal, who generally perceived medievalism as a continuing sign of negative foreign influence and coloniality and an obstacle to the attainment of modernity. Indeed, comparable to other instances of postcolonial medievalism in other colonial contexts, Filipino medievalism operated in different and sometimes contrasting modes, where it also repeated Western ideologies and norms, even those problematically orientalist in nature. However, these entangled operations do not wholly negate the recurring utilization of medievalism in Filipino literature and cinema to relay anticolonial sentiment and the elevation of the subjugated and colonized Filipino figure, especially during historical moments of colonial tension and censorship. Ultimately, this points to a tradition of literary medievalism’s generally overlooked and complex role in the story of the development of Filipino nationalism and the construction of a Philippine nation, rewriting a national narrative that up until now has tended to situate medievalism as peripheral and even detrimental to its founding.Southeast Asian studiesMedieval literatureComparative literatureLiteraturepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jv6d4jbetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7m03837d2026-06-16T06:44:25Zqt7m03837dThe utilization of in vitro model systems to dissect the role of Smad1 and Smad5 during dorsal spinal cord developmentGallardo Dominguez, SalenaButler, Samantha J2026-06-12Embryonic development relies on the coordinated action of multiple signaling pathways that guide pluripotent cells toward specific fates. Among these, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), are essential in the development of various tissues and organ systems. This versatility raises a fundamental question: how does a single signaling pathway generate such diverse responses? In this thesis, I investigate how downstream BMP signals are interpreted during dorsal spinal cord development, with a focus on the distinct contributions of Smad1 and Smad5. I summarize work that leverages in vitro differentiation systems to dissect BMP pathway mechanisms and demonstrate how these platforms can be further utilized to study dorsal interneuron (dI) specification.First, we establish a directed differentiation protocol that allows us to generate the full complement of dorsal interneurons from mouse embryonic stem cells. This highly synchronized in vitro model system serves as a platform for probing BMP dependent signaling events that are difficult to isolate during in vivo development of the dorsal spinal cord. Next, I used this in vitro model system to investigate whether Smad1 and Smad5 transmit BMP signals in distinct ways during neural differentiation. We found that Smad5 acts early in lineage specification, preventing bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors from adopting mesodermal fates and instead steering them toward neural derivatives. In addition, Smad5 is required for the specification of dP1–dP3 progenitors and their subsequent differentiation into dI1–dI3 interneurons. In contrast, Smad1 primarily functions to restrict the expansion of the dP1 lineage. Together, these findings demonstrate that R Smads are not functionally interchangeable and instead contribute distinct regulatory activities during dorsal spinal cord development. Finally, we extend these approaches to human systems by developing a neuromesodermal progenitor based differentiation protocol that produces human dIs spanning anterior–posterior identities. Our work illustrates how in vitro model systems can be used to interrogate developmental signaling pathways, highlights that the differential functions of R-Smads contributes to the promiscuity of the BMP signaling pathway and provides new insights into how dorsal spinal cord diversity is established.Developmental biologyNeurosciencesMolecular biologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m03837dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7m03837d/qt7m03837d.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7s88z3r82026-06-16T06:44:20Zqt7s88z3r8Synthetic and Chemical Biology Studies on Natural Products: Metastable Pyrrolines for Portimine A and Brain-Penetrant Designs of Complex CatechinsLotuzas, AleksandrasHarran, Patrick G2026-06-12Natural products represent foundational blueprints for therapeutic discovery, yet their clinical advancement is frequently constrained by synthetic challenges or poor pharmacokinetic properties. This dissertation addresses these structural and delivery bottlenecks through a series of interconnected programs spanning fundamental heterocyclic methodology, complex natural product total synthesis, and targeted chemical biology.Chapter 1 establishes the essential synthetic groundwork for a class of highly reactive, metastable heterocycles: the 3-methylene-1-pyrrolines (methylidene pyrrolines). A highly scalable, one-pot isonitrile insertion-Heck cyclization cascade was developed to provide streamlined access to 2-acetyl-3-methylene-1-pyrrolines. Additionally, a convergent Stille-Staudinger cascade sequence was optimized to synthesize diverse, previously inaccessible 2-formyl congeners. Systematic reactivity studies revealed that these cyclic imines possess unique dual profiles, acting as exceptionally potent Diels-Alder dienophiles upon protonation and as highly competent electrophiles at the α-imino carbonyl carbon. Chapter 2 leverages this structural and conceptual framework to advance the total synthesis of the marine toxin portimine A. While an initial asymmetric organocatalytic strategy successfully constructed a key chiral polyketide core on a multi-decagram scale, first-generation macrocyclization campaigns were repeatedly thwarted by the severe geometric constraints and instability of late-stage alkyne-containing intermediates. Drawing directly from the heterocyclic methodology established in Chapter 1, a second-generation approach was devised using a novel hyper-enophile vicinal tricarbonyl methylidene pyrroline. This ultra-reactive heterocycle engaged in a rapid, catalyst-free intermolecular ene reaction with a functionalized linear enol ether at room temperature. Subsequent oxidative decarboxylation mediated by KOTMS/O2 delivered a stable advanced linear intermediate containing the entire carbon skeleton and exact oxidation state of portimine B, positioning the framework for a final biomimetic cascade sequence. Chapter 3 shifts focus toward engineering targeted drug delivery systems for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol that disaggregates pathological tau fibrils in Alzheimer’s disease but is severely limited by its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Guided by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural data, a site-specific C–H functionalization strategy was implemented on the solvent-exposed B-ring of EGCG. By installing structurally rigid, chemically orthogonal linkers via Cadiot-Chodkiewicz cross-coupling, stable bioconjugates were successfully appended to brain-penetrant peptide vectors (such as Angiopep-2) without compromising the therapeutic efficacy of the polyphenol core. In conclusion, this dissertation demonstrates distinct yet complementary strategies within modern organic chemistry to maximize the therapeutic utility of natural products. While Chapters 1 and 2 capitalize on the fundamental development and application of highly reactive heterocyclic intermediates to build dense molecular architectures from the ground up, Chapter 3 transitions to the precise, non-destructive modification of existing complex polyols to overcome translationally restrictive delivery barriers. Together, these investigations underscore how tailored chemical design and architectural control can overcome synthetic, structural, and pharmacokinetic bottlenecks at the interface of total synthesis and molecular therapeutics.Organic chemistryPathologyAnalytical chemistryBiochemistryAlzheimer's diseaseBioconjugationCatechinsHeterocyclesPortiminePyrrolineapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s88z3r8https://escholarship.org/content/qt7s88z3r8/qt7s88z3r8.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6234p63m2026-06-16T06:44:15Zqt6234p63mDirect Measurements of Hydroxyl Radical Formation in Atmospheric Aerosols and Studies of Wildfire Air QualityBanach, Catherine AmandaPaulson, Suzanne E2026-06-12Aerosols and their interactions with clouds, fog, and haze have direct and indirect impacts on the climate and air quality. Aqueous processing, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), result in changes of aerosol size distribution, mass concentration, and chemical composition. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is a key oxidant for aqueous organics and a subset of inorganic species in cloud droplets. Recent work has identified a new source of OH called the OH burst. The burst is characterized by rapid OH production when aerosol particles interact with cloud water lasting for only one to two minutes. This work presents on the improvement of OH burst measurement techniques by developing an automated Direct-to-Reagent (auto-DtR) system in which aerosols are depositing directly into an OH scavenging probe. The method enables continuous measurements of the OH burst and is remotely operated. The system incorporates the newly developed Handix Scientific Temperature Level Controller (TLC). This work also investigates the pH dependence and solubility effects of 2-hydroxyterepthalic acid (hTA) and disodium terephthalate (TA), the chemical probe used to quantify hydroxyl radicals. Fluorescence emission spectra showed distinct spectral changes associated with monoanionic (HTA-) and dianionic (TA2-) species of hTA. The pKa2 of hTA was determined to be at pH= 4.45. pH-dependent solubility transitions of TA were characterized by fluorescence light scattering measurements. Analysis of the scattering behavior identified the midpoint of dissolution to be at pH=2.4 for 0.2 mM TA, representing the condition at which the solution was approximately 50% soluble. The auto-DtR was deployed during the Department of Energy Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE) in La Jolla, CA to investigate the role that aqueous processing and chemical composition might have on the OH burst. Results from the campaign shows lower OH burst concentrations when samples were collected during cloud influenced period and a statistically significant relationship with relative humidity (RH). There were no correlations with non-refractory species of sampled aerosols, likely a result of deliquescence of the sampled aerosols, but more exploration is needed. Analysis of refractory and non-refractory species as a function of RH suggest a transition in chemical properties near the deliquescence point (RH = 75). Although this shift is complex, it may explain the lack of correlation between the OH burst and measured non-refractory aerosol species. Finally, I examine air-quality impacts from the January 2025 Eaton and Palisades wildfires which burned a combined 15,163 hectares of wildland and 18,298 structures, respectively. I use a combined dataset of filters, hourly measurements of particulate matter, trace gases, metals, meteorology, and air-mass transport models to probe fire impacts on air quality. The smoke increased airborne concentrations of arsenic, chlorine, bromine, copper and in particular lead concentrations by up to 250 times its background. Potassium, known to be a tracer for wildland smoke, was strongly associated with coarse particles and anti-correlated with smoke. Little evidence is found of fire-associated pollution days following fire containment.Atmospheric chemistryGeophysicsEnvironmental sciencepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6234p63metdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt82h8t9922026-06-16T06:44:11Zqt82h8t992You Can Dance, But You Can’t Hide: Collegiate Bollywood Dance and Indian-AmericannessSatyagal, NidhiMankekar, Purnima2026-06-12In this thesis, I explore how Bollywood dance student groups on college campuses position themselves as a harmless expression of culture, while doing the work of consolidating and constructing a version of Indianness/Indian-Americanness that aligns itself with nation-building projects in both India and the U.S. In particular, I focus on Indian-American youth on college campuses in the U.S. and coming-of-age narratives that aim to naturalize a hegemonic construction of Indianness based on markers of affluence, upper-casteness, and heteropatriarchal expressions of gender and sexuality. Through textual and media analysis, I explore how the film American Desi and collegiate Bollywood dance performances present an idea of Indianness that exists at the juncture of multiculturalism, the neoliberal university, and multiple (ethno)nationalisms. I argue that a sect of Indian-American campus groups (and narrative representations of these groups) are able to produce an idea of Indian-Americanness that relies on a binaristic relationship between India as a nation and the diaspora, thus reproducing hierarchies of caste, class, religion, and gender, while masking themselves as fundamentally social/cultural. I look to online confessional forums that expose the behind-the-scenes experiences of young dancers participating in collegiate Bollywood dance competitions and how these confessions reveal the fractures of a universalizing idea of Indian-Americanness.Asian American studiesDancepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/82h8t992etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1w74p6892026-06-16T06:44:06Zqt1w74p689Computational Investigations of the Oxa-di-π-Ethane Photochemical RearrangementLu, ChangHouk, Kendall K. H2026-06-12The oxa-di-π-ethane (ODPE) photochemical rearrangement converts γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds into structurally complex cyclopropane-containing products under visible light irradiation. Although experimental studies have demonstrated broad substrate scope and synthetic utility, the detailed reaction mechanism was uncertain due to the transient nature of the proposed intermediates. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the mechanistic pathways of ODPE and ODPP rearrangements. Computational analysis supports a triplet-sensitized energy-transfer mechanism in which excitation occurs preferentially at the alkene rather than the carbonyl group. Subsequent radical cyclization, β-scission, and intersystem crossing and diradical coupling lead to the observed cyclopropane products. Competing pathways, including hydrogen atom transfer and [2+2] cycloaddition processes, were found to be energetically disfavored. These results provide mechanistic validation for experimentally observed reactivity and establish a theoretical framework for the future development of ODPE photochemical transformations.BiochemistryPhysical chemistryOrganic chemistryMolecular chemistryComputationalOxa-di-π-Ethanephotochemistryapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1w74p689https://escholarship.org/content/qt1w74p689/qt1w74p689.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2492k3zj2026-06-16T06:44:01Zqt2492k3zjThe Effect of Storm Water from the 2025 Palisades Fire in Los Angeles on the Dissolved Organic Carbon Entering the Pacific OceanZhang, ZhixuSuffet, Irwin H2026-06-12Wildfire can alter the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the aqueous phase. However, there is limited understanding of this effect in urban stormwater systems on DOM polarity and charge-related properties, as well as on their size distribution in Los Angeles stormwater and drains following the 2025 Palisades Fire. The polarity rapid assessment method (PRAM) and ultrafiltration (UF) were used to characterize differences in DOM runoff between the fire and non-fire zones. The physicochemical analysis of ultraviolet light and adsorption at 254 nm (the maximum absorption wavelength of benzene molecules) and the DOM size distribution measured by ultrafiltration provided key data for describing the characteristics of stormwater runoff following drastic changes in the runoff area caused by wildfires.This study found that runoff from burned and unburned areas differed significantly in DOM size distribution and polarity. Temporal and spatial variations in the composition of UV-absorbing DOM were evaluated for the first time from the Palisades Wildfires in Los Angeles, CA. For example, temporal comparisons showed substantially increased UV-absorbing DOM at the Sunset Storm Drain site immediately after the wildfire, whereas the referenced baseline site at the Storm Drain at Pico exhibited relatively stable characteristics. Subsequent analysis by PRAM and UF of subsequent storms showed runoff changes in the polar, non-polar, charged, and molecular-size distribution fractions over subsequent time periods after the wildfire. The stormwater from the burned area that immediately flowed into the Pacific Ocean after the Palisades Fire through the storm drain had 14 times the UV254-absorbing DOM abundance of the unburned area, and was mainly composed of small size fragments. Spatial comparisons of November 2025 samples indicated that wildfire-associated changes in DOM characteristics varied among the four fire-affected sampling sites. These findings show that wildfire will significantly affect the physicochemical properties of DOM in stormwater. The significant effects of changes in DOM on ocean ecology and its ability to transport hazardous metals and organic compounds, such as Polyaromatic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, to the Ocean thus need further study.Environmental scienceEnvironmental healthDissolved organic matterSolid phase extractionStormwaterUltrafiltrationUV-VisWildfireapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2492k3zjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2492k3zj/qt2492k3zj.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0nd9k73d2026-06-16T06:43:56Zqt0nd9k73dOptimizing Causal Objective Functions with Probabilistic Graphical ModelsHuang, HaiyingDarwiche, Adnan2026-06-12Probabilistic graphical models provide a principled framework for representing and reasoning with uncertainty, causality, and domain knowledge. In recent years, reasoning about the behavior of objects under interventional or counterfactual conditions has become increasingly important in areas such as artificial intelligence, recommendation systems, planning, robotics, and biology. In many of these settings, one would like not only to predict an object’s response to a particular action or intervention, but also to identify which objects (e.g., people, agents, regions, policies, decisions) are most desirable under a causal evaluation criterion. This motivates the problem of optimizing causal objective functions, known as the Causal Unit Selection problem.We study in this thesis two challenges arising in causal unit selection. The first challenge asks how to optimize a causal objective function given a complete and fully-specified causal model, and how hard it is to find the exact optimal solution. We introduced a broader class of causal objective functions than is normally considered, and proposed a reduction of optimizing this class of causal objective functions to optimizing a single associational probability on a meta-model called the objective model. We showed that the unit selection problem with this class of objective functions is NPPP-complete. We proposed the first exact algorithm for finding the optimal unit by reasoning on the objective model, and characterized its complexity in terms of treewidth. We further accelerated the unit optimization process by compiling the objective model into a special class of tractable arithmetic circuits, allowing the optimal unit to be computed in time linear in the circuit size. The second challenge is how to reason plausibly when the available causal model is incomplete, e.g., due to missing edges or missing variable states. We provide a unified treatment of these modeling errors as instances of state-space abstraction. We showed that by dynamically selecting model parameters based on observed evidence, one can recover the targeted probabilistic function from these modeling errors, and identified conditions under which a full recovery can be achieved. We finally show that a new class of probabilistic graphical model, called Testing Bayesian Network (TBN), can be used to efficiently implement this recovery mechanism. Together, our results provide a computational foundation for causal objective function optimization, while extending these techniques to practical settings with incomplete models.Artificial intelligenceComputer engineeringComputer scienceInformation technology(Testing) Bayesian NetworksCausal InferenceProbabilistic Graphical ModelsStructural Causal ModelsTractable Arithmetic CircuitsUnit Selectionapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nd9k73dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0nd9k73d/qt0nd9k73d.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt24f1r0r62026-06-16T06:43:51Zqt24f1r0r6Rewiring Fear: Behavioral Adaptations and Sleep in the Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning Model in MiceAyala Rosario, Shantee NicolePoe, Gina R2026-06-12Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition characterized by persistent fear, impaired extinction memory, and dysregulated arousal after traumatic stress. Despite decades of research, fundamental questions remain about how biological sex, sleep physiology, and social context interact to shape the trajectory of fear learning and recovery. This dissertation addresses these questions using an updated Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning (SEFL) protocol in male and female C57BL/6J mice, combining behavioral, molecular, polysomnographic, and social-buffering approaches to characterize the neural and physiological mechanisms underlying PTSD-like phenotypes.A central methodological contribution is the introduction of a dedicated third context for fear extinction and extinction recall, separating extinction from the environments associated with trauma and subsequent stress. This three-context design more closely mirrors the sequential structure of human trauma and exposure-based therapy, and revealed a previously unreported sex difference in extinction recall. SEFL-exposed males (SEFL-M) showed persistent and significantly elevated freezing during extinction recall compared to controls without SEFL (nSEFL-M) (? = 0.0065, ? = 16 per group), while SEFL-exposed females (SEFL-F) extinguished fear to levels indistinguishable from controls. This dissociation reflected a selective failure in extinction memory retention in males, accompanied by substantially greater individual variability in recovery (SD = 16.26% versus 8.20% in SEFL-F), and suggests that prior null results in mixed-sex SEFL cohorts may reflect a methodological blind spot: when extinction is tested in the conditioning context rather than a novel one, sex differences in extinction memory retention are not detectable. Preliminary molecular analyses of ΔFosB were conducted in the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and amygdala. No significant group differences were observed at current sample sizes, though a consistent numerical trend toward greater infralimbic than prelimbic expression across all groups is directionally consistent with sustained extinction circuitry engagement. These analyses are ongoing and hypothesis-generating.The sleep architecture and spectral dynamics were characterized using continuous polysomnographic recording throughout sleep before and after SEFL. Despite the preserved gross sleep macroarchitecture, SEFL-exposed males (SSEFL-M) showed a sustained broadband elevation in low-frequency power (0–5 Hz) in NREM, REM, and active wake during post-trauma sleep, persisting before beginning to attenuate after fear conditioning. Delta ratio homeostasis analysis revealed a consistent failure to dissipate sleep pressure in SSEFL-M, with delta ratios rising rather than declining across the recording window. REM bout length was the most sensitive metric for detecting SEFL-induced disruption (Cohen’s ? = 1.49; ? = 8 per group for 80% power). SSEFL-F showed a qualitatively distinct pattern of slow-wave energy suppression, adding a physiological dimension to the behavioral sex difference. Together, these findings motivate the hypothesis that post-trauma REM disruption may contribute mechanistically to impaired retention of extinction memory in males.The final experimental chapter introduces the Tribe paradigm, testing whether continuous co-housing with a familiar conspecific attenuates the PTSD-like phenotype in males. In the main behavioral cohort (? = 8 per group), complete cohabitation in standard home cages did not provide a measurable reduction in extinction recall freezing (TSEFL-M vs. individually housed controls, ? = 0.997). TSEFL-F showed a trend toward elevated rather than reduced freezing, possibly reflecting chronic subordination stress from the dominant–submissive dyads that formed consistently in the female pairs. A separate sleep pilot (? = 2 pairs, male only) used a modified divided cage with a perforated plexiglass divider, which allowed visual and olfactory contact without physical cohabitation. In contrast to the behavioral cohort, TSSEFL-M in this condition showed markedly reduced contextual freezing, dropping SEFL freezing around 20% (compared to individually housed animals) and close to zero when exposed to the SEFL context the following day . This counterintuitive pattern, reflecting that more restricted social contact associated with greater fear attenuation than full cohabitation, suggests that the sensory modality and structure of social interaction may be the critical variable. Additionally, TSSEFL-M and companions showed broadly overlapping delta ratio trajectories, in contrast to sustained elevation in isolated SSEFL-M, further implicating social contact modality in post-trauma sleep homeostasis. All sleep pilot observations are preliminary.Together, this dissertation advances a multidimensional framework in which sex, sleep, and social context are central determinants of fear extinction outcomes. The three-context SEFL protocol provides a more sensitive and translational tool for detecting sex-based differences in extinction memory retention. The convergence of behavioral, molecular, sleep and social findings points toward an integrative model in which post-trauma REM disruption, sex-specific prefrontal engagement, and the social environment of recovery interact to shape whether extinction memory is formed, retained, and expressed, laying the groundwork for socially informed and sleep-oriented intervention strategies for PTSD.NeurosciencesBehavioral psychologyPhysiologyCognitive psychologyFearLearningSEFLSleepapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/24f1r0r6https://escholarship.org/content/qt24f1r0r6/qt24f1r0r6.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6cw756st2026-06-16T06:43:46Zqt6cw756stTransfer by Design: Associate Degrees for Transfer and Student Success in California Community CollegesAyon, Carlos MichaelEagan, Kevin2026-06-12The Associate Degree for Transfer (ADT) was established through California's Student Transfer Achievement Reform Act of 2010 to create a more efficient pathway from California Community Colleges to four-year institutions. Despite widespread implementation, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of the ADT in achieving its intended outcomes. This study examined the characteristics associated with ADT participation and evaluated the effectiveness of the pathway in promoting transfer and post-transfer success.Using a quasi-experimental design, institutional records from 42,666 degree-seeking students enrolled in a large, transfer-oriented Southern California community college district were combined with National Student Clearinghouse data. Propensity score weighting was employed to balance observable differences between ADT earners and three comparison groups: traditional AA/AS earners, transfer-prepared students who transferred without earning a degree, and students who did not complete either pathway. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine transfer, units accumulated prior to transfer, transfer destination, bachelor's degree completion, and time-to-degree. Results indicated that ADT earners differed systematically from students in other pathways, demonstrating stronger transfer intent and greater representation of Hispanic students. After adjustment for demographic and academic characteristics, ADT earners had significantly higher odds of transfer than AA/AS earners (OR = 4.05), transfer-prepared students (OR = 5.38), and students in the non-completer category (OR = 38.46). ADT earners transferred with fewer units than AA/AS earners and primarily utilized the pathway as intended, with 84% of ADT transferees enrolling in the California State University system. Among transfer students, ADT earners demonstrated a modest advantage in bachelor's degree completion and completed degrees more quickly than transfer-prepared students. However, transfer destination emerged as a stronger predictor of post-transfer outcomes than pathway participation. The findings provide strong evidence that the ADT is achieving its primary objective of increasing transfer while reducing excess unit accumulation. Results further suggest that the ADT may help mitigate transfer barriers for Hispanic students, although broader inequities in transfer outcomes remain. Implications for transfer policy, institutional practice, and future research are discussed.Higher educationCommunity college educationStatisticsHispanic American studiespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cw756stetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7ph3j8102026-06-16T06:43:42Zqt7ph3j810Pain Ties: Spirit and Substance, Israel-PalestineAvramovich, Leor PerlaGuzmán, Joshua J.2026-06-12“Pain Ties: Spirit and Substance, Israel-Palestine,” takes its name from two novels: Pain (2015), by the Israeli author, Zeruya Shalev and Blood Ties (2016), by the Palestinian author, Ayman Sikseck. In these novels, the protagonists are earnest pedagogues: an elementary school principal and a university chemistry professor, respectively. For they both face a complex knowledge problem: What is the relation between personal and collective memory in a reality of seemingly endless cycles of violence? To answer this, I return to an intractable philosophical inquiry: How do particulars relate to universals? Is the relation between them constituted by negation, as in the tradition of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, later elaborated through Freudian and Lacanian thought? Or is their relation, rather, a positive one of infinite intertwinement, as figured by the tradition of Baruch Spinoza and the strands of affect theory it has enabled? A study of intellectual traditions and their influence on performance and aesthetics, “Pain Ties” argues that this theoretical infrastructure amounts to a choice-of-law problem which undergirds political conflict and the structure of memory with which people reckon as they organize for social change.Chapter One, “Late Style or Secular Criticism,” is titled after Pierre Macherey’s Hegel or Spinoza, since I argue that Edward Said’s reflections on methodology amount to the choice between dialectics and monism. I analyze Said’s lecture, “Freud and the non-European,” about Sigmund Freud’s 1939 book, Moses and Monotheism—in particular, I read Said’s exchange with Jacqueline Rose about Moses to suggest that methodological mistranslations prevented the thinkers from seeing commonalities between their positions. Chapter Two, “Memory,” recasts the introductory chapter in object-driven terms. I read across the novels—Blood Ties and Pain to foreground their structural similarity, for just as Said and Rose did before them, Shalev and Sikseck contemplate how to end the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians by de-essentializing cultural memory. Chapter Three, “Disidentifications: Queer Theory and Israel-Palestine,” traces the field-formation edifices that brought about this intellectual juncture and reformulates the political desires which I argue are currently vested in it.Gender studiesPolitical sciencePeace studiespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ph3j810etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6zg557sb2026-06-16T06:43:37Zqt6zg557sbIlluminating a Hidden Companion through Tidal Disruption Events in Supermassive Black Hole BinariesMelchor, DenyzNaoz, Smadar2026-06-12Galaxy mergers are common across time, and since most massive galaxies host a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), mergers inevitably produce SMBH pairs. These binaries are expected to be long-lived and dynamically influential, yet they remain observationally elusive across a wide range of separations. Tidal disruption events (TDEs), which take place when a star ventures too close an SMBH and is torn apart by its tidal forces, offer a promising indirect probe of these hidden binaries. The rate and character of TDEs are sensitive to the dynamical environment of the disrupting black hole, making them a powerful too for identifying SMBH binaries in otherwise quiescent galactic nuclei.This thesis, models TDE production in SMBH binaries under the combined influence of the eccentric Kozai Lidov (EKL) mechanism and two-body relaxation. These two processes are complementary; together they widen the parameter space over which disruptions occur and sustain TDE rates over timescales long enough for star formation to replenish the disrupted stellar population.The stellar density profile emerges as the dominant factor governing TDE production in this combined channel. Cusp-like profiles produce higher overall rates and are the only configuration that naturally form repeated TDEs, where a bound star is partially disrupted over multiple orbits. Distinctly, core-like profiles produce rates consistent with both observed average and post-star burst galaxy TDE rates. Binary-driven rates also increase with disrupting SMBH, the opposite trend from single-SMBH systems, providing a falsifiable observational signature of the binary channel.This work computes volumetric TDE rate upper limits as a function of redshift that the Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time will directly test. Together, these results suggest that SMBH binaries are a physically motivated and observationally constrained explanation for the anomalous TDE rate distributions observed in post-starburst environments.AstrophysicsAstronomyPhysicsPlanetologyNuclear Star ClusterStellar DynamicsSupermassive Black HolesTidal Disruption Eventsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zg557sbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6zg557sb/qt6zg557sb.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7mx5q7002026-06-16T06:43:32Zqt7mx5q700Soft Magnetoelastic Needle Sensors for Self-Powered Biofluid Flow MonitoringDowney, FranciscoChen, Jun2026-06-12Since 1865, the magnetoelastic effect had remained a property only seen in select rigid metals and metal alloys, limiting its applicability in biomechanical sensing. It was not until 2021 that the giant magnetoelastic effect in soft systems was discovered, demonstrating its ability to convert mechanical motion into electrical signals and establishing its potential for biomechanical monitoring applications. However, current magnetoelastic sensors can be further improved in detecting subtle mechanical stimuli with high sensitivity. This thesis investigates a self-powered soft magnetoelastic sensor with integrated needles designed to improve biomechanical sensitivity. The sensor is composed of a polymer matrix embedded with neodymium-iron-boron magnetic nanoparticles and positioned above a silicone encapsulated copper coil array for signal acquisition. The influence of geometric and compositional parameters on the magnetic and mechanical performance of the needles was evaluated. Long-term stability of the magnetoelastic needle sensor was assessed over a four-week period by monitoring its magnetic flux density and weight. Finally, the study demonstrated the sensor’s ability to generate distinct electrical signals in response to applied biomechanical forces.BioengineeringBiomedical engineeringBiomechanicsBiofluidBiomechanicalMagnetoelasticitySensorpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mx5q700etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0mj564732026-06-16T06:43:28Zqt0mj56473Broadening Participation in Computing: Unpacking Computing Identity by Examining Predictors of Performance/Competence, Recognition, and Interest Among Diverse Undergraduate StudentsLe, Brian DSax, Linda J.2026-06-12Research suggests that the underrepresentation of racially minoritized students in computing fields remains a persistent challenge in higher education. Despite efforts to broaden participation in computing, Black and Latine students continue to face systemic barriers that shape their experiences. One way to better understand how computing students navigate these challenges is to examine how they form their computing identity. While previous literature has studied how computing identity shapes students’ experiences, the field has yet to examine computing identity at the individual dimensions.Utilizing longitudinal survey data from Momentum’s Center for Inclusive Computing (CIC) survey at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), this quantitative study examined the changes in computing identity among undergraduate computing students across three dimensions: performance/competence, recognition, and interest across two time points, baseline and follow-up one survey. Drawing on Rodriguez and colleagues’ (2020) framework for computing identity development, this study examined changes in performance/competence and interest over time, identified predictors of each dimension, and explored broadening participation in computing through subsample regression analyses of Black and Latine undergraduate computing students.Results from this study suggest that belonging is the strongest predictor across all regression models for all students. Findings revealed that undergraduate computing students experienced a performance/competence and interest paradox, in which performance/competence increased over time while interest in computing declined, a pattern consistent across all racial/ethnic groups. Hierarchical regression analyses further identified belonging and positive course perceptions as the most consistent predictors of computing identity across all three dimensions. With the analyses of the Black and Latine subsample, belonging remained prominent. Overall, these findings offer novel insights into the undergraduate experiences that predict computing identity among computing students broadly and Black and Latine students specifically. These findings provided important implications for practice and policy aimed at creating further opportunities for these students in computing.Higher educationStatisticsEducationBelongingBroadening Participation in ComputingComputing Identityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mj56473https://escholarship.org/content/qt0mj56473/qt0mj56473.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3gb5t0sz2026-06-16T06:43:23Zqt3gb5t0szAuxiliary Function Unit (AFU): A Heterogeneous Architecture for Tensor Processing in Edge AccelerationSingh, AnjanaMarkovic, Dejan2026-06-12Modern machine learning (ML) and digital signal processing (DSP) hardware accelerators heavily rely on dense Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) arrays for matrix multiplications and convolutions. However, the raw accumulator values produced by homogeneous MAC arrays require significant post-processing, including non-linear activation functions, spatial pooling, and requantization. Integrating this heterogeneous workload directly into MAC Processing Elements (PEs) or offloading it to a host CPU degrades system utilization and severely limits energy efficiency at the edge. This thesis presents the architecture design and RTL implementation of the Auxiliary Function Unit (AFU), a specialized co-processor that sits alongside the MAC array to execute the post-MAC tensor lifecycle. The core novelty lies in a heterogeneous, parallel-lane execution architecture that dynamically routes vector data to specialized hardware pipelines based on computational complexity. Low-latency operations, such as ReLU and simple arithmetic functions, are handled in parallel by a vectorized Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) that executes in a single cycle. Complex transcendental macro-operations and DSP functions are handled using an optimized lookup table (LUT) pipeline and a deeply pipelined CORDIC engine with operation-specific dispatch. The AFU is implemented in Verilog, synthesized for AMD Xilinx Versal Premium VP1802 FPGA and 16 nm ASIC flow. It supports over 20 distinct post-MAC operations spanning neural network inference and DSP workloads. Workload-level evaluations demonstrate energy advantages ranging from approximately a factor of three against a Cortex-M4F host with floating-point unit and DSP extensions to several orders of magnitude against a GPU special function unit, illustrating that the AFU provides a flexible and energy-efficient post-processing framework that improves accelerator utilization. Full-system emulation is performed for a System-on-Chip (SoC) that instantiates the AFU and memory-expansion architectures are explored. The integration of the SoC into a complete wearable closed-loop neuromodulation platform is specified at the architecture and interface-protocol level and identified as future work.Electrical engineeringComputer engineeringArtificial intelligenceActivation functionsEdge accelerationHeterogeneous datapathNeural signal processingPost-MAC coprocessorReconfigurable computingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gb5t0szhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3gb5t0sz/qt3gb5t0sz.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt276287pd2026-06-16T06:43:18Zqt276287pdPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contribute to inflammation in a pregnancy cohortCho, YoojinRitz, Beate2026-06-12Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants generated from incomplete combustion and are detectable in nearly all individuals in the U.S. population. Prenatal PAH exposure has been linked to adverse birth and child health outcomes, but few studies have examined associations between biomarkers of PAHs and inflammation during pregnancy across gestational windows. We investigated associations between urinary PAH metabolites and urinary inflammatory markers among 159 pregnant women enrolled in the placental assessment in response to environmental exposures cohort (2016–2019). Urine samples were collected up to three times during pregnancy (10–17, 18–29, and ⩾30 gestational weeks). Hydroxylated PAHs metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) were measured using immunoassays. Biomarker concentrations were adjusted for urinary dilution using specific gravity and log-transformation. Effect estimates were generated using linear mixed-effect models with random intercept for each participant to account for repeated measures, and linear regression to assess sampling-period-specific associations while adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity/race, parity, education, and BMI. We found that most PAH metabolites, particularly phenanthrene and naphthalene metabolites, are positively associated with urinary inflammatory markers, except for fluorene metabolites. In mixed-effects models, each doubling of urinary PAHs concentrations was associated with approximately 10%–50% increases in IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels. Sampling period-specific analyses indicated that associations with pro-inflammatory cytokines were stronger in early and mid-pregnancy (10–29 weeks), whereas associations with IL-10 were most pronounced later in pregnancy (⩾30 weeks). Results were robust to the exclusion of participants with preeclampsia. These findings indicate that prenatal PAH exposure is associated with sustained inflammatory activity across pregnancy, with gestational timing–specific patterns that may help explain windows of increased vulnerability for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This longitudinal evidence strengthens biologic plausibility linking environmental PAH exposure to maternal inflammatory processes.EpidemiologyEnvironmental healthWomens studiescytokineinflammationpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonspregnancyurinary biomarkerapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/276287pdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt276287pd/qt276287pd.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20h2k4jg2026-06-16T06:43:14Zqt20h2k4jgAccurate Energetics and Restructuring of Cu Electrodes under Electrochemical ConditionsCheng, DongfangSautet, Philippe2026-06-12Electrochemical CO₂ reduction offers a route to convert CO₂ and renewable electricity into fuels and chemical feedstocks. Copper is unique among monometallic catalysts because it can produce hydrocarbons and multicarbon oxygenates, yet the origin of its activity and selectivity remains difficult to define. Two issues limit predictive understanding. First, the relevant intermediates at Cu electrochemical interfaces, including *CO, *OH et al., are highly sensitive to the underlying electronic-structure method. Standard generalized gradient approximation density functional theory (GGA-DFT) often gives inaccurate adsorption energies, site preferences, and potential-dependent stability windows. Second, Cu electrodes are not static under reaction conditions. Electrode potential, pH, and adsorbates can drive surface roughening, adatom or clusters formation, step generation, and faceting, producing active sites that are absent on ideal low-index surfaces.This dissertation addresses these two challenges through the theme of accurate energetics and restructuring of Cu electrodes under electrochemical conditions. The first part develops and applies electrochemical-aware random phase approximation (RPA) approaches to establish more reliable energetics for Cu electrocatalysis. By combining many-body perturbation theory with solvation and constant-potential treatments, this work reassesses key interfacial processes that are poorly described by semi-local DFT functionals. The studies show that the proton source for CO protonation on Cu(100) should be surface water through a Grotthuss-type mechanism over a broad potential range, whereas solvent water dominates only at more negative potentials. The same framework quantitatively describes hydroxyl adsorption on Cu(100), reproducing the experimentally inferred *OH desorption fingerprint and showing that *OH remains stable over a wider reducing potential window than predicted by common GGA functionals. These results demonstrate that many-body accuracy can alter not only numerical adsorption energies but also the inferred reaction mechanism and surface speciation. The second part examines how Cu surfaces reconstruct under electrochemical reduction conditions and how these reconstructed states control catalytic activity. Joint grand canonical global optimization, grand-canonical DFT, ensemble analysis, kinetic modeling, and comparison with operando or well-defined experimental observations reveal that adsorbates can act as thermodynamic drivers for surface restructuring. In acidic electrolyte, high H coverage stabilizes Cu adatoms on Cu(111), creating active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and triggering CO reduction under conditions where pristine H-covered Cu(111) would be inactive. Under CO₂RR conditions, CO binding at steps and kinks stabilizes defective Cu surfaces and promotes self-activation of initially planar surfaces. The active motifs for C2 formation are not simply undercoordinated atoms, but square Cu ensembles adjacent to defects, where CO generation, CO coverage, and C-C coupling become coupled. Together, these studies support a unified view of Cu electrocatalysis: the active interface is a potential-, pH-, and adsorbate-dependent ensemble whose composition and structure must be determined under reaction conditions. Accurate energetics are required to predict which adsorbates and surface states are stable, while restructuring-aware models are required to identify where reactions actually occur. This dissertation therefore moves beyond static GGA calculations on ideal facets and establishes a framework in which many-body electronic structure, grand-canonical thermodynamics, surface ensemble sampling, and reaction kinetics are combined to understand and eventually control Cu electrodes during CO₂ electroreduction.Computational chemistryEnergyPhysical chemistryapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20h2k4jghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt20h2k4jg/qt20h2k4jg.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt90m208kb2026-06-16T06:43:08Zqt90m208kbAging, HOXB13 germline risk variants, and prostate cancer riskZhang, ShileGoldstein, Andrew S2026-06-12Aging and germline variants are two of the biggest biological risk factors for prostate cancer initiation. Common aging prostate diseases include benign prostate hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostate adenocarcinoma, all of which involve dysregulated prostate cell growth and are associated with an expansion of progenitor-like luminal cells. Normal prostate tissue development depends on the transcription factor HOXB13. Carriers of specific germline HOXB13 variants experience higher risk of developing prostate cancer as well as earlier age of disease onset, which potentially signifies accelerated aging in prostate epithelium. More interestingly, distinct germline HOXB13 variants are found exclusively in individuals of distinct ancestries. It remains unclear to what extent these ancestry-associated germline HOXB13 variants alter the prostate aging signature, and how that may contribute to prostate cancer initiation. To address this question, this dissertation defines a non-malignant human prostate aging transcriptomic signature and generates prostate organoid models that permit studying the germline variants in parallel. In chapter 1, I discuss the role of both systemic and tissue specific aging on prostate cancer risk. In chapter 2, I identify specific molecular or phenotypic changes in prostate epithelial cells. In chapter 3, I investigate aging features altered by germline HOXB13 variants found in individuals of Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, and West-African descent. In chapter 4, I discuss the unexpected role of TCA Cycle enzyme OGDHL in prostate cancer cell metabolism and proliferation. Together, this body of work establishes connection between prostate aging and ancestry-associated HOXB13 variants.BiologyCellular biologyOncologyAgingGeneticsAgingCancer riskGenetic VariantsMetabolismProstate Cancerapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/90m208kbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt90m208kb/qt90m208kb.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt18x4w1mx2026-06-16T06:43:03Zqt18x4w1mxControlled Drug Delivery System in Vivo for the Assessment of Bone Regeneration and Mineralization Using a Murine Calvarial Defect ModelGargoum, Ausama HassanKapila, SunilChang, Jia2026-06-12Maintaining a balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is essential for bone homeostasis, and disruptions in this balance can impair bone regeneration. Biomaterial-based microparticle drug delivery systems offer a minimally invasive means of providing localized, sustained therapeutic effects for craniofacial bone regeneration.In this study, we investigated a novel controlled drug delivery system utilizing hollow hydroxyapatite microparticles (HHAPs), which serve both as an osteoconductive scaffold and as a carrier for bioactive molecules. HHAPs were loaded with osteoprotegerin (OPG), a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis that binds receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) to prevent osteoclast differentiation. Building on promising in vitro findings, this study evaluated the efficacy of HHAPs, with and without OPG, in promoting bone regeneration and mineralization in a murine calvarial defect model and assessed whether locally delivered OPG could diminish osteoclast activity and stimulate osteogenesis. A pilot study first compared particles incorporated into a hydrogel carrier with powder-only delivery. Micro-computed tomography at 4, 6, and 8 weeks showed regeneration in both groups, with a non-significant trend favoring powder-only delivery given the limited sample size, supporting the use of HHAP powder alone for the main study. For the main study, twenty-three 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent creation of bilateral 3-mm critical-sized calvarial defects; five were lost to postoperative complications, yielding 18 mice and 36 defects for analysis. Defects were assigned to four groups: (A) empty control, (B) HHAP alone, (C) OPG-loaded HHAP, and (D) HHAP supplemented with free OPG for an initial burst-release profile. Regeneration was assessed by in vivo micro-computed tomography at 4 and 10 weeks and ex vivo at 16 weeks, with bone volume and mineralization quantified in Dragonfly. Hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were initiated for qualitative evaluation. All HHAP-containing groups showed progressive mineralized tissue regeneration, and burst-release OPG delivery demonstrated the strongest regenerative trends across both in vivo and ex vivo analyses, suggesting that early localized modulation of osteoclastic activity may influence long-term craniofacial remodeling. Threshold-based Dragonfly segmentation distinguishing immature from mature bone provided further insight into regenerative progression. Collectively, these findings support HHAP-mediated localized OPG delivery as a minimally invasive strategy for craniofacial bone regeneration and warrant continued investigation of controlled calcium phosphate microparticle systems for translational applications.BiologyDentistryHealth sciencespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/18x4w1mxetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8885f32x2026-06-16T06:42:59Zqt8885f32xBioelectronics for continuous biomarker monitoring and neuromodulation across the wearable-to-implantable spectrumTan, JiaweiEmaminejad, SamMosleh, Ali2026-06-12Bioelectronic systems that interface with biological tissues across the spectrum from skin-worn wearables to chronically implanted devices hold the promise of continuous, molecular-level access to physiological and pharmacological dynamics that remain inaccessible to conventional clinical sampling. Realizing this promise has been constrained, however, by a central engineering paradox: the materials and chemistries that maximize electrochemical performance are typically rigid and brittle, whereas the soft, deforming tissues with which they must interface impose mechanical constraints that span six or more orders of magnitude in stiffness. The resulting modulus mismatch drives cascading mechanical, electrical, and biological failure modes that have limited the analytical fidelity, durability, and clinical translation of bioelectronic platforms.This dissertation addresses this central paradox through three complementary contributions that span the wearable-to-implantable spectrum, unified by the engineering principle of decoupling mechanical constraints from electrochemical performance through layered, hierarchical, and composite material architectures. Chapter 1 introduces relevant background on bioelectronic platforms across the spectrum, the mechanical constraints imposed by biological interfaces, the principal electrochemical sensing modalities employed in this work, and the role of active biofluid management in wearable bioanalytical systems. Chapter 2 presents a programmable epidermal microfluidic valving system that enables active biofluid sampling, routing, and compartmentalization for contextually relevant on-body biomarker analysis, supporting flow-rate-undistorted sensor operation and integration with consumer wearable electronics. Chapter 3 introduces a strain-insensitive bioelectrode architecture that confers tissue-like softness and stretchability on clinically established brittle interfacial materials, enabling high-fidelity electrochemical sensing and in vivo neuromodulation under deformation. Chapters 4 and 5 develop ultrasoft native-interfaced bioelectronics (uSNB), a platform that bridges a six-order-of-magnitude modulus mismatch between rigid benchmark biosensing interfaces and tissue-matched ultrasoft substrates: Chapter 4 details the materials and integration strategy, and Chapter 5 demonstrates the in vivo deployment of uSNB for compartment-resolved pharmacokinetic monitoring of central nervous system–resident drugs through minimally invasive intervertebral spinal implantation. Chapter 6 synthesizes the contributions across the spectrum and outlines future directions toward multiplexed implantable sensing, closed-loop therapeutic systems, and clinical translation.Electrical engineeringBioengineeringMaterials scienceEngineeringaptamer sensingbioelectronicsbiosensingsoftstrain insensitivepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8885f32xetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3p90m8282026-06-16T06:42:54Zqt3p90m828What Transfers? Gendered Violence and Narrative Meaning-Making Across the Community College Transfer PathwayDorst, Lauren GraceHarris, Jessica C2026-06-12While campus sexual violence research has largely centered direct-admit students at four-year residential universities, a critical gap remains in understanding how community college transfer students experience gendered violence across educational contexts. This study addresses that gap by foregrounding the narratives of community college transfer student survivors and conceptualizing gendered violence as a cumulative, intersectional, and longitudinal phenomenon that shapes educational pathways before and through college. The study drew on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with nine women who transferred from nonresidential community colleges to a large residential public university and identified as survivors of gendered violence. Interviews were analyzed using narrative analysis, guided by an intersectional framework and tenets of a transfer-receptive culture. Findings indicate three interrelated themes: (1) Violence and the Formation of Academic Identity, which demonstrates how academic identities and college-going trajectories are shaped by inequitable access to prevention education and interpretive frameworks for recognizing gendered violence; (2) College Contexts and Experiences of Harm, which illustrates how campus structures and cultures shaped women’s experiences of harm and healing; and (3) Navigating Institutional Support through Transition, which highlights how participants negotiated help-seeking across institutional contexts. This study reconceptualizes gendered violence in higher education as a cross-institutional, longitudinal process that challenges linear models of student success and reframes academic identity as co-constructed through trauma and structural inequity. It extends transfer-receptive culture by positioning it as a trauma-informed and intersectional framework centered on continuity of care, institutional accountability, and coordinated systems of support that extend beyond access to higher education to promote recovery and healing.Educational leadershipHigher educationWomens studiesGender studiesCommunity college educationcommunity collegegender-based violenceintersectionalitysexual violencetransfer studenttransfer-receptive cultureapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p90m828https://escholarship.org/content/qt3p90m828/qt3p90m828.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt47z316702026-06-16T06:42:49Zqt47z31670Disentangling Latent Structure in High-Dimensional Biomedical DataChen, Zeyuan JohnsonHalperin, EranSankararaman, Sriram2026-06-12Epigenomic modalities, such as DNA methylation, gene expression, and 3D chromatin organization, promise a dynamic and tissue-specific perspective on genomic influences on disease risk. However, their interpretation is often confounded by cellular heterogeneity. My research aims to disentangle high-dimensional tissue-level signals and attribute them to specific underlying cell types, enabling a more precise and mechanistic understanding of disease. To address this, we first used single-cell technologies to directly isolate individual cells from tissues and profile them across multiple epigenomic modalities. This enabled us to catalog a comprehensive multi-omic atlas at cellular resolution and reveal coordinated regulatory interactions. In addition, we found that many genetic risk factors for abdominal obesity are located in the open 3D compartment of fat-storing cells (adipocytes), whereas variants associated with inflammation often reside in regions regulated in immune-related cell types. This reinforces the idea that risk is driven by specific disease-relevant cell types within a tissue rather than the tissue as a whole. However, single-cell experiments are cost-prohibitive and limited in scale. To overcome this, I developed a distribution-free framework that computationally infers cell-type-level signals from readily available tissue-level datasets by leveraging cell-type proportions and matching statistical moments. We demonstrated the practical utility and robustness of this method by recapitulating known cell-type level differential expression patterns in heterogenous tumors with and achieving the highest replication rate when evaluated across independent datasets for detecting cell-type-specific differential methylation patterns. Together, my work bridges experimental and computational approaches to disentangle latent structure in high-dimensional biomedical data and reveal clinically relevant disease mechanisms.Computer scienceBioinformaticsGeneticsChromosome conformationComputational MedicineEpigenomicsMethylationTranscriptomicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/47z31670https://escholarship.org/content/qt47z31670/qt47z31670.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt54m073m12026-06-16T06:42:45Zqt54m073m1Investigating YAP-Mediated Cell Plasticity in Adult Mouse Incisor and Signaling Regulation of Lineage Specification in Embryonic Mouse MandibleGautam, Shilpa JoshiHu, Jimmy J.K.H2026-06-12Craniofacial development is a highly coordinated biological process that depends on tightly regulated interactions between epithelial, mesenchymal, musculoskeletal, and connective tissues. These interactions are regulated by complex molecular signaling networks that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, tissue patterning, and homeostasis throughout embryonic development and postnatal growth. Disruptions in these regulatory mechanisms can contribute to craniofacial abnormalities, impaired tissue regeneration, and developmental disorders affecting the jaws, teeth, and associated craniofacial structures. Understanding the signaling pathways that control craniofacial tissue development and renewal is therefore essential for advancing developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and translational applications in orthodontics and craniofacial therapeutics. This study investigates molecular mechanisms regulating two distinct but complementary aspects of craniofacial biology: dental epithelial renewal in the continuously growing murine incisor and embryonic mandibular osteochondral fate specification. Although these systems represent different developmental contexts, both rely on coordinated signaling interactions and transcriptional controls that regulate progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue structural organization. However, the underlying mechanisms driving coordinated cell behaviors to generate spatiotemporally organized craniofacial tissues remain an important open question. The first component of this work focuses on the role of Hippo signaling in regulating dental epithelial cell proliferation and plasticity. The continuously erupting mouse incisor serves as an ideal model for studying epithelial stem cell maintenance due to its lifelong regenerative capacity. Within this system, the Hippo signaling pathway plays a central role in controlling tissue growth and cellular differentiation through regulation of the transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP). We therefore hypothesized that increased YAP activity can revert differentiated cells back to a progenitor-like state, informing strategies for human tooth regeneration. To investigate the effects of ectopic YAP activation in dental epithelial cells, conditional deletion of the Hippo pathway kinases Lats1 and Lats2 was done within the dental epithelium. Histological analysis, proliferation assays, and immunostaining were used to assess alterations in tissue organization, progenitor behavior, and cellular differentiation. Conditional activation of YAP resulted in expansion of proliferative dental epithelial progenitor populations within the apical bud and induced thickening of the suprabasal epithelial compartment. Increased proliferative activity was observed in epithelial progenitor regions, indicating that YAP signaling promotes maintenance of a proliferative progenitor state during incisor renewal. Despite this proliferative expansion, differentiated ameloblasts remained largely non-proliferative in vivo, suggesting that terminal differentiation imposes significant restrictions on proliferative re-entry within intact tissue environments. Additionally, disruption of normal tissue architecture and altered differentiation of pre-ameloblast populations were observed following ectopic YAP activation. To further investigate epithelial plasticity outside the native tissue environment, dissociated dental epithelial cells were cultured in three-dimensional spheroid conditions and treated with the LATS inhibitor TRULI. Under these conditions, a subset of differentiated ameloblasts demonstrated the capacity to form colonies, suggesting that cellular plasticity can be partially restored in vitro following tissue dissociation and pharmacologic modulation of Hippo signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that YAP signaling promotes expansion of dental epithelial progenitors while revealing context-dependent limitations in the regenerative potential of differentiated ameloblasts. These studies provide insight into mechanisms governing epithelial stem cell behavior and suggest potential strategies for modulating dental epithelial regeneration in future stem cell-based therapies. The second component of this thesis investigates signaling interactions regulating embryonic mandibular development and Meckel’s cartilage formation. While these structures must form at precise times and locations, how different cell types emerge in a spatiotemporally regulated manner is still not fully understood. To understand how distinct cell types are specified within a relatively confined space, our lab has conducted single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to define the transcriptional signature of each cell population. This revealed many markers and my thesis aimed to characterize the spatial distribution of multiple molecular regulators involved in Meckel’s cartilage and mandibular development. Spatial gene expression analysis demonstrated distinct regional expression patterns corresponding to chondrogenic and osteogenic compartments within the developing mandible. Markers associated with cartilage differentiation and extracellular matrix organization, including Sox9, Col2a1, Matn4, and Col9a2, localized primarily within the chondrogenic regions of Meckel’s cartilage, whereas osteogenic regulators such as Runx2 and Sp7 were enriched in surrounding mandibular bone-forming regions. Additional signaling molecules, including Bmp4, Fgf8, Fgf9, Tgfb2, and Pdgfa, demonstrated region-specific expression patterns consistent with their potential roles in craniofacial patterning, mesenchymal proliferation, and tissue differentiation. To further characterize spatial gene expression during embryonic mandibular development, this work optimized and modified HCRTM Gold RNA-FISH protocol for three-dimensional whole- mount imaging of E12.5 embryonic mandibles. Complementary RNAscope analysis confirmed spatial localization and signal specificity at higher resolution. In addition, lineage tracing of Sp7- expressing cell populations using Sp7-tTA;tetO-Cre;R26mCherry mice provided further insight into the spatial organization of osteogenic cell populations during mandibular morphogenesis at E12.5 and E13.5. Combined with optical tissue clearing and two-photon microscopy, this approach enabled visualization of tissue-wide gene expression patterns within intact developing mandibular structures. Together, these approaches established imaging and molecular tools for examining three-dimensional signaling and lineage relationships during early craniofacial development. Among all the signaling pathways identified from the scRNA-seq, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is particularly interesting, as Fgf9 is specifically expressed in the mesoderm and its receptor Fgfr3 is specifically expressed in the cartilage. To further investigate the functional role of FGF signaling during mandibular development, pregnant mice were treated with the FGFR inhibitor infigratinib at E10.5 and E11.5. Embryos harvested at E12.5 were evaluated using proliferation assays and RNAscope spatial gene expression analysis. Pharmacologic inhibition of FGFR signaling did not significantly alter overall mesenchymal proliferation within the embryonic mandible. However, expression of Matn4 was reduced following FGFR inhibition, suggesting that FGFR signaling contributes to cartilage maturation and extracellular matrix organization rather than directly regulating cellular proliferation and specification during this early developmental stage. Together, the studies presented in this thesis highlight the importance of tightly regulated signaling pathways in controlling craniofacial tissue development, progenitor maintenance, and differentiation. By investigating the Hippo-YAP and FGFR signaling pathways in distinct biological systems, my studies demonstrate how modulation of developmental signaling networks influences tissue organization, cellular behavior, and regenerative potential within the craniofacial complex. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of craniofacial developmental biology and may provide foundational insight for future therapeutic approaches targeting tissue regeneration, developmental abnormalities, and craniofacial reconstruction.Developmental biologyBiologyCellular biologyHippoLatsYAPpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/54m073m1etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9602f46v2026-06-16T06:42:40Zqt9602f46vEvaluation and Characterization of Airborne Substances and Soil Contaminants in Burn Zones Following Wildfire EventsPineda, Amanda AliciaTsai, Candace S.J.2026-06-12Wildland-urban interface (WUI) wildfires have increased in frequency and severity in recent decades, yet environmental conditions within post-fire burn zones during recovery remain poorly understood. Existing studies have primarily focused on contaminant exposures during active combustion and firefighter suppression activities, with comparatively limited attention given to the recovery period following wildfire suppression. This study characterized airborne contaminants and soil metal concentrations in post-wildfire burn zones across Southern California to better understand conditions relevant to reentry, cleanup and recovery activities. Stationary air monitoring was conducted across six burn zone locations associated with four wildfire events between August 2024 and February 2025, targeting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), elemental carbon, asbestos, fungal bioaerosols, carbonyl compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil metals were additionally evaluated during the immediate post-fire recovery period and approximately one year later. PAHs and elemental carbon remained below reporting limits, while transmission electron microscopy did not identify asbestos fibers despite several low-level phase contrast microscopy detections. Carbonyl compounds, VOCs and fungal bioaerosols remained detectable and varied spatially across sampling locations. Soil analyses identified lead and arsenic as contaminants of concern, with lead concentrations at Eaton Fire sites reaching 316.6 mg/kg, exceeding the EPA residential Regional Screening Level (200 mg/kg) and California Human Health Screening Level (80 mg/kg), while arsenic exceeded screening values but remained consistent with elevated California background concentrations. Overall, findings suggest that contaminant conditions during wildfire recovery differ from active wildfire phases and are shaped by contaminant type, time since containment and site-specific environmental conditions. Although several combustion-related analytes were low or non-detectable under sampled conditions, detectable airborne and soil contaminants indicate that exposure potential may persist during wildfire recovery. Because recovery environments involve changing exposure scenarios and mixtures of airborne and surface-associated contaminants, exposure conditions may vary across reentry, cleanup and debris removal activities.Environmental healthSoil sciencesEnvironmental scienceWildlife conservationAirborneBurn zonesContaminantsSoilWildfirepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9602f46vetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8321v9dh2026-06-16T06:42:35Zqt8321v9dhEvaluating Methods to Identify Symptom Change In People with Fibrotic Interstitial Lung DiseaseChannick, Jessica ErinHays, Ronald Dale2026-06-12Background: Interstitial lung diseases, particularly those with progressive fibrosis, are characterized by increasing fibrosis, declining lung function, and worsening symptoms. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide important information regarding symptom burden, yet interpreting meaningful change in scores remains challenging. We aim to compare methods for estimating thresholds for meaningful and statistically significant between- and within-patient change in dyspnea among those with interstitial lung disease (ILD).Methods: Data were obtained from the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry. Adults with baseline and follow-up University of California, San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ) scores were included. Anchor-based minimally important change (MIC) thresholds, using the Short Form 6 Dimensions (SF-6D) health survey, were estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and predictive and adjusted predictive modeling. Individual-level change thresholds were estimated using coefficients of repeatability (CR) at 95%, 68%, and 50% confidence levels. Longitudinal mixed-effects modeling was used to provide additional information about changes in SOBQ over time and to assess the influence of patient and disease characteristics on the expected change in SOBQ.Results: Among 561 patients in two-timepoint analyses, the SF-6D index and SF-6D physical functioning domain met criteria for anchor qualification for worsening. Anchor-based estimates of meaningful worsening in dyspnea generally ranged from approximately 7 to 12 SOBQ points, with larger estimates at 24 months than at 12 months. CR change thresholds were approximately 12 points at the 95% confidence level, with lower thresholds identified using likely change. The repeated-measures mixed-effects analysis included 1,096 patients. The models showed that worsening health status and physical function were consistently associated with greater increases in SOBQ scores over time. Models incorporating patient-specific random slopes provided consistently better fit, supporting substantial heterogeneity in symptom trajectory. Significant anchor-by-time interactions indicated that the decline in dyspnea over time among patients with worsening conditions was more rapid than for others. Baseline lung function, age, diagnosis, and smoking history were not significant predictors of change in dyspnea.Conclusions: Interpretation of symptom change thresholds depends on the intended application. Meaningful worsening in dyspnea among patients with ILD appears to occur with SOBQ group-level average increases of approximately 7–12 points, which is generally in line previous estimates which range from 5-11 points. Statistically significant individual-level worsening requires changes of at least 12 points, whereas lower thresholds may be used if symptom change is part of a screening algorithm. Repeated-measures models complement approaches by characterizing longitudinal dyspnea trajectory while accounting for heterogeneous disease progression. Together, these results support the use of the SOBQ as a valid measure of dyspnea progression in ILD and provide a framework for interpreting symptom change in multiple settings.Health sciencesMedicineHealth OutcomesHealth-related quality of lifeInterstitial Lung DiseasePatient-reported Outcomesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8321v9dhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8321v9dh/qt8321v9dh.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5w87d26s2026-06-16T06:42:31Zqt5w87d26sMechanosensing by T cellsTukiman, Lizabeth AmmabelLi, Song2026-06-12T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, but their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited by complex physical and immunosuppressive barriers within the tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that T cells actively integrate mechanical cues from their surroundings, which critically regulate their activation and function. Understanding how mechanical properties, such as stiffness and viscoelasticity, influences T cell behavior may enable the development of improved biomaterials for immunotherapy and adoptive cell manufacturing. To investigate the effects of mechanical properties on T cell activation, this study utilized a microfluidic-based approach to fabricate alginate-based synthetic cells with independently tunable stiffness and viscoelasticity. Nine distinct types of alginate beads were engineered, spanning three physiologically relevant stiffness levels and three viscoelasticity profiles. These beads were subsequently functionalized with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies to provide T cell activation signals. T cells stimulated by the viscoelastic synthetic cells exhibited more T cell receptor clustering and higher nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells compared to T cells stimulated by elastic synthetic cells. Varying synthetic cell stiffness produced no significant differences in either event. These results identify viscoelasticity as a key regulator of early T cell activation and suggest that stress relaxation may represent an important design parameter for artificial antigen-presenting cells and biomaterial platforms aimed at enhancing T cell manufacturing and immunotherapeutic performance.BioengineeringBiomedical engineeringBiochemistryImmunologypubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5w87d26setdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0tm3v8282026-06-16T06:42:25Zqt0tm3v828Nonrandom Timing, Biased Inference? Rethinking Survey-Based DiscontinuitiesStecher, ElayneHazlett, Chad2026-06-12Unexpected events during survey fieldwork are often used to estimate causal effects by comparing respondents interviewed before and after the event. This thesis argues that the credibility of these designs depends not only on whether the event was unexpected, but also on whether fieldwork rollout shaped the composition of respondents observed before and after the event. When rollout is geographically structured, the event cutoff may divide respondents by place and composition in ways related to potential outcomes. I examine this problem using survey data around the 2015 Garissa University College attack in Kenya. The case shows that standard design repairs, including restricting to common support and adjusting for covariates, improve comparability but do not necessarily eliminate rollout-related confounding. Except where stronger assumptions can be justified, unexpected-event survey designs belong in the world of selection on observables. Their advantage is not automatic as-if random timing, but diagnostic transparency: researchers can observe the fieldwork sequence, assess overlap, restrict claims to supported comparisons, and test whether similar estimates appear at non-event cutoffs.StatisticsLaw enforcementCriminologyCausal inferenceKenyaPolitical violenceSurvey methodologyUnexpected events during survey designapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tm3v828https://escholarship.org/content/qt0tm3v828/qt0tm3v828.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7vj8t4kc2026-06-16T06:42:21Zqt7vj8t4kcOrbitofrontal Cortex: Where Value is Learned, Updated, and AppliedRomero Sosa, Juan LuisIzquierdo, Alicia AI2026-06-12We live in a changing and uncertain world. A strategy that once proved adequate to solve a problem in the past may no longer be useful under new circumstances and with new information. To adapt, it is therefore vital that we recognize meaningful changes in our environment, and learn and adopt new strategies as needed. The research presented here resulted from a study of such flexible learning with the goal of understanding contributions of the ventrolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC). First, I review decades of research that points to neurons in OFC as highly influential in integrating time and reward information in constructing value. I then describe how I used single-cell calcium imaging to compare neuronal activity in OFC with secondary motor cortex (M2) in tracking important task variables such as choice and outcomes under reinforcement uncertainty. We found that although neurons in M2 signaled choice more strongly than OFC neurons,only neurons in OFC increase their signaling of choice as the uncertainty increased. Finally, we used a novel viral approach to image from a subpopulation of OFC neurons (BLAOFC) that receive direct inputs from the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) to compare it with the pan-OFC population while rats learned a visual discrimination under varying levels of uncertainty, followed by a reversal. We replicated results from the previous experiment showing that pan-OFC neurons exhibit sensitivity to different levels of uncertainty. Interestingly, we also found a difference between the two populations of neurons with BLAOFC neurons increasingly signaling the visual stimulus after the rat had learned the task and wherein this signal degraded after a reversal. Overall, these results suggest OFC is a nexus where uncertainty is factored into value computations, to integrate and use to guide adaptive decision making.NeurosciencesPsychologyPhysiological psychologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vj8t4kchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7vj8t4kc/qt7vj8t4kc.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6199f2pj2026-06-16T06:42:16Zqt6199f2pjScheduling Algorithms for Millimeter-Wave Full-Duplex Integrated Access and BackhaulCHO, SUNGHORoberts, Ian2026-06-12Millimeter-wave integrated access and backhaul (IAB) enables dense wireless deployments by allowing access and backhaul links to share spectrum. Full-duplex operation can further improve spectral efficiency and reduce delay, but self-interference makes its practical scheduling problem challenging. In full-duplex IAB networks, each node must coordinate multiple antenna panels whose simultaneous transmissions affect receivers, making link rates schedule dependent. This thesis studies scheduling for full-duplex mmWave IAB networks under self-interference. We formulate the scheduling problem as a maximum-weight optimization over a multi-hop IAB tree and develop a forward–backward dynamic programming algorithm that computes the throughput-optimal schedule with nearly linear complexity. We also propose FD-LocalMWBP, a local max-weight scheduler only based on local information. FD-LocalMW-BP learns effective backhaul-downlink weights during an estimation phase and reuses them during deployment to approximate unobservable self-interference-dependent rates. We prove stability of the centralized back-pressure policy and derive a stability condition for FD-LocalMW-BP. Simulations show that FD-LocalMW-BP approaches global scheduling performance while substantially reducing control overhead, especially in self-interference limited regimes.Electrical engineeringComputer engineeringapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6199f2pjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6199f2pj/qt6199f2pj.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2179c3g72026-06-16T06:42:11Zqt2179c3g7A Model of Iterative Morphophonological Learning: Two Empirical StudiesXu, LilySundara, MeghaMoore-Cantwell, Claire2026-06-12This dissertation aims to bridge the gap between theoretical and computational research on phonotactic learning and infant language acquisition, focusing on the morphophonological interface. Two acquisition findings are relevant. First, sensitivity to phonotactics emerges around the same time as knowledge of common affixes, suggesting that early stages of phonotactic learning are based on input with minimally partial morphological information. Second, morphological and phonotactic learning appear to mutually influence each other; early phonotactic knowledge can be utilized by infants to discover morphological boundaries. These developmental facts have fundamental implications for any account of the productivity and learnability of phonological patterns sensitive to morphological structure. This dissertation focuses on two such patterns, morpheme-bounded phonotactics and morphologically-derived environment effects (MDEEs). I present novel data from two empirical studies and use the results to motivate a developmentally-plausible model of morphophonological learning, implemented computationally in the Iterative MorphoPhonological (IMP) learner. The first empirical study focuses on a morpheme-bounded pattern, Arabic OCP. Even though the lexicon data shows a weak tendency for OCP to apply regardless of morphology, a nonce word judgment experiment demonstrates that Arabic speakers learn OCP as strictly morpheme-bounded. I show that existing models which learn phonotactics from a fully parsed lexicon or unparsed data fail to account for this discrepancy between the lexicon and speaker intuitions. I then show that IMP does successfully model Arabic speakers’ intuitions. Specifically, in utilizing emerging phonotactic knowledge to discover morpheme boundaries, the learner strengthens the morpheme-boundedness of OCP. In the second study I compare the laboratory learning of morpheme-bounded patterns to MDEEs, manipulating how much morphological information is available to learners. The results suggest an advantage for learning morpheme-bounded patterns even with minimal morphological information, akin to what is available to young infant learners. In contrast, MDEEs can only be learned successfully with maximal morphological information which is unusual in acquisition. Existing accounts which attribute the underlearning of MDEEs to a bias for morphologically general constraints are unable to account for these differences in learnability between the two patterns, but they emerge as a natural consequence of iterative morphophonological learning.LinguisticsLanguageMorphologyArabicArtificial grammar learningComputational modelingLearningMorphologyPhonologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2179c3g7https://escholarship.org/content/qt2179c3g7/qt2179c3g7.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3b7689mz2026-06-16T06:42:06Zqt3b7689mzElectric-field Gradients for Molecular Qubits and Quantum SensingMitts, Grant DHudson, Eric R2026-06-12This dissertation focuses on implementing electric-field gradients into a cryogenic ion trap for purposes related to quantum computing and sensing. The principal goal of this experiment is to introduce electric-field gradients as a new platform for molecular ion quantum logic. The work covered in this document discusses the progress made towards performing molecular spectroscopy on parity transitions within the hyperfine manifold of HCl+. A byproduct of this research has been the introduction of motional Raman transitions. Our research into this phenomenon demonstrates its application as a wideband, phase-sensitive electric field sensing scheme and, through quantum amplification, its ability to sense below the Standard Quantum Limit. The motional Raman scheme is also investigated as a nonlinear process, where probing a signal at subharmonics of a motional frequency can result in sensing below the linear Fourier Transform Limit. Sensing below the Fourier Transform Limit is further investigated in the context of two closely separated tones. By applying a single phase reversal during the pulse sequence, we demonstrate super-resolution of two 80 MHz tones separated 5 Hz. The final focus of this dissertation is on implementing quantum techniques into mass spectrometry. Specifically, we demonstrate how CAT interferometry can be used to perform a high-precision mass measurement on an H35Cl+ ion. Atomic physicsMolecular physicsOpticsApplied physicsQuantum physicsCAT interferometerCryogenicIon trapMolecular ionsMotional RamanSuper-resolutionapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b7689mzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3b7689mz/qt3b7689mz.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2vz0r3rd2026-06-16T06:42:01Zqt2vz0r3rdCommitments for Behavior ChangeWeber, MeganFox, Craig RHershfield, Hal E2026-06-12People use all kinds of tools to help themselves achieve their goals. Commitment strategies are one such method that help by making temptations harder to choose. For example, someone who wants their future self to eat healthily can lock up tempting snacks ahead of time or pledge to donate money if they indulge. Despite the promise of such approaches, however, the practical use of commitments can be fraught – adoption is often low, failure can be common, and welfare effects are sometimes murky. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the psychology of commitment strategies, Chapter 1 of this dissertation outlines a conceptual model of “intrapersonal” self-control involving three selves: (1) a prospective self who chooses to deploy commitment strategies, (2) a present self who decides whether to resist or indulge, and (3) a retrospective self who assesses impact and learns for the future. Chapters 2 and 3 each present an empirical project related to this conceptual model. Chapter 2 investigates the psychological underpinnings of awareness of the need for commitment, highlighting the perceived persistence of future obstacles as a key input. Chapter 3 explores how the structure and framing of commitment incentives influence uptake and effectiveness in a consequential field context. Together, this work aims to advance theory by providing a deeper understanding of when, why, and how people use commitment strategies, exploring the psychological dynamics of how different types of commitments work and highlighting how factors such as retrospective evaluation, learning, and incentives can play an important role. Practically, it also provides concrete recommendations for behavioral scientists, organizations, and policymakers seeking to use commitment strategies to change behavior in the real world.Behavioral sciencesPsychologyMarketingManagementbehavior changecommitment strategiesself controlapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vz0r3rdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2vz0r3rd/qt2vz0r3rd.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0gv964rv2026-06-16T06:41:56Zqt0gv964rvOverwriting Arcadia: Enclosure, Commodification, and the Post-Pastoral in Early Imperial Latin LiteratureDavis, Benjamin RonnMartelli, Francesca2026-06-12This dissertation undertakes a survey of the ideological potential of Roman pastoral literature which moves beyond Latin pastoral poetry’s most canonical text (the Eclogues of Vergil, written ca. 42-37 BCE) and the poets of the Augustan era to lesser-studied authors of the Neronian, Flavian, and early Antonine periods. While ancient pastoral has frequently been narrowly defined as a genre of hexameter poetry exemplified by Theocritus’ Idylls and Vergil’s Eclogues, treatments of pastoral literature in the context of 20th and 21st century environmental humanities and ecocriticism tend to define pastoral broadly as a discourse or mode of idealizing representation of the countryside. Accepting this broader definition, I argue that the pastoral mode in Roman literature was definitionally concerned with the enclosure of landscapes, viewsheds, and human and non-human beings, and that as such it was particularly useful for Roman elites to think with in an era of imperial autocracy and expansion. While the pastoral mode in antiquity is best understood as an elite fantasy of the countryside, I suggest that careful reading of Roman texts in dialogue with modern ecocritical treatments of the pastoral mode reveals the internal contradictions of Roman pastoral and its close relationship with the structures of domination at the heart of Roman society.Each of the chapters presents a case study in the development of the Roman imperial pastoral (Newlands 2002), which I identify as a kind of “post-pastoral” as defined by Terry Gifford (1999). In the first chapter, I utilize the ecocritical writer Timothy Morton’s notion of ambient poetics (Morton 2007) to argue that the Neronian pastoral poet Calpurnius Siculus reworks the familiar Vergilian frame of the bucolic eclogue to develop a kind of Latin “antipastoral” (Gifford 1999) which critiques the idealization and nostalgia inherent to the pastoral mode. In the second chapter, I deploy Tim Ingold’s theory of the taskscape (Ingold 1993) as well as ecofeminist philosopher Val Plumwood’s analysis of the logics of colonization (Plumwood 1993) to explore how Columella’s poem on gardening uses the parameters of the garden, and the fiction of self-sufficiency it sustains, to comment on the bucolic ideal’s dependence on enslaved labor and imperial violence. In the third, I argue the famous villa ekphrases found in Statius’ Silvae 1.3 and 2.2 and the younger Pliny’s Epistulae 2.17 and 5.6 produce a kind of Latin “hyper-pastoral” (Larsen 2010), in which the elite villa and the notion of bucolic otium are imagined as a competing spectacle to the more familiar urban spectacles of the arena and racecourse. Finally, the fourth chapter undertakes three individual case studies of pastoral and anti-pastoral themes in the corpus of Roman declamation and argues that this corpus is fruitful ground for reading the pastoral mode’s relationship with nostalgia and utopianism. Taken as a whole, the project presents an argument for the applicability of ecocritical methodologies to Roman studies and links the Roman tradition of bucolic representation with real-world imperial processes, with potential implications for understanding the pastoral discourse(s) of later periods.Classical studiesClassical literatureClergyReligionRomance literatureCalpurnius SiculusColumellaecocriticismpastoralPlinyStatiusapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gv964rvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0gv964rv/qt0gv964rv.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7tx0p1hn2026-06-16T06:41:51Zqt7tx0p1hnEquitable Decarbonization in Practice: Energy Justice, Building Electrification, and Vehicle Infrastructure Planning in Los AngelesSheinberg, Rachel LPincetl, StephanieBarreca, Alan I2026-06-12The transition away from fossil fuels is among the most consequential infrastructure transformations of our time, carrying broad implications for who bears its costs and who captures its benefits. While decarbonization holds the potential to reduce pollution burdens that have long fallen disproportionately on Black, brown, indigenous, and poor communities, the way that transition is designed and financed matters enormously. Drawing on energy justice frameworks and the concept of fossil fuel racism, this dissertation asks: how can local energy planning and implementation incorporate environmental justice goals to improve energy transition outcomes for low-income households and communities of color? I examine this question through three interdisciplinary studies set around Los Angeles—home to the country's largest municipal utility, the LA Department of Water and Power (LADWP)—each addressing a different scale of decarbonization. The first examines the Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Equity Strategies effort as a case study in utility-scale energy justice planning, finding that while the three-tenet energy justice framework used to guide the effort successfully enabled a groundbreaking, community-engaged process, broad frameworks are insufficiently nuanced to overcome the structural and institutional barriers that perpetuate energy injustice. The second presents the Los Angeles Residential Energy Transition (RESET) Tool, a decision-support model developed in collaboration with LADWP, finding that high-efficiency electrification can reduce average household energy spending by $750 annually by 2035—countering widespread skepticism about electrification costs while demonstrating the value of locally-grounded affordability analysis. The third develops an optimization framework for heavy-duty electric vehicle charging infrastructure near the San Pedro Bay ports, demonstrating that phased expansion and smart charging can enable fleet electrification within existing grid capacity limits, reducing costs by up to 69% in early phases. Together, these studies illuminate a consistent tension at the heart of equitable decarbonization—the gap between what is technically feasible and what is institutionally and socially achievable—and exemplify the types of tools that will be necessary to enact change.EnergyEnvironmental justiceEngineeringUrban planningDecarbonizationElectric VehiclesEnvironmental JusticeEquityUrban PlanningUtilitiesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tx0p1hnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7tx0p1hn/qt7tx0p1hn.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3w82s2wp2026-06-16T06:41:47Zqt3w82s2wpInfrastructures of Care and Management: Theorizing the Functions of Shelter and Housing Provisions in the Violence Against Women ActZhang, LindaWang, Lee Ann2026-06-12This thesis traces out the presence of domestic violence shelter, transitional housing assistance, and affordable housing provisions in the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 and its subsequent reauthorizations in 2000, 2005, 2013, and 2022. This thesis implements an infrastructural framework in order to theorize the infrastructures that are constructed through these provisions and the functions of these infrastructures. This thesis proposes that we consider shelter as infrastructure of care, transitional housing as infrastructure, and affordable housing as infrastructure of management. This work draws from and is grounded in infrastructural studies frameworks, abolitionist and women of color feminist literature, critical disability studies frameworks and critiques of welfare reform.LawEthnic studiesLaw enforcementCriminologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w82s2wphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3w82s2wp/qt3w82s2wp.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2319p1xn2026-06-16T06:41:42Zqt2319p1xnContinuum Ferrobotic Platform for Scalable Decentralized Automation of Native Biochemical WorkflowsSabet, KiarashEmaminejad, Sam2026-06-12The deployment of laboratory-grade biochemical assays outside centralized facilities is limited by the size, cost, and mechanical complexity of existing liquid-handling automation. While microfluidic technologies have successfully miniaturized assay chemistries, the execution of native laboratory workflows at scale remains constrained by bulky, single-agent systems that scale poorly and are difficult to decentralize. This dissertation introduces continuum ferrobotics, a compact and electronically programmable liquid-handling paradigm that embeds high-force, multi-agent actuation directly within the assay cartridge to enable scalable and flexible automation of the native biochemical workflows.Continuum ferrobotics employs printed-circuit coil arrays to generate continuously tunable magnetic energy landscapes, which are shaped through ratiometric current control to steer localized magnetic potential wells across the chip. Millimeter-scale magnetic agents operate within the near-field amplification regime, providing large force margins for manipulating viscous biofluids, transferring reagents across extended liquid–solid interfaces, and actuating droplets spanning microliter to hundreds-of-microliter volumes. This architecture enables analog, chip-wide spatiotemporal control and coordinated multi-agent operation within a compact, chip-matched footprint. Building on this actuation framework, the platform automates a broad range of standard liquid-phase, immunoassay, electrochemical, and nucleic-acid–based workflows without requiring assay re-engineering. Quantitative on-chip measurements across diverse molecular classes demonstrate accuracy and reproducibility comparable to conventional laboratory methods. The system further supports complex, collaborative workflows—such as pooled testing and high-throughput multi-panel analysis—while operating on microliter-scale clinical samples using low-cost, easily manufacturable cartridges paired with reusable electronic control hardware. Together, these results establish continuum ferrobotics as a general-purpose liquid-handling infrastructure that unifies high-force magnetic actuation, continuous spatial control, and multi-agent coordination within a scalable, decentralized platform. This work provides a foundation for distributed, autonomous biochemical workflows across clinical, biomedical, and research applications.BioengineeringElectrical engineeringBiomedical engineeringAutomatedDiagnosticsDigital MicrofluidicsFerroboticsMulti-agenticSwarmpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2319p1xnetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt62b217n32026-06-16T06:41:37Zqt62b217n3Shoah Shadows: Israeli Migrants’ Aesthetic Interventions in Germanyzelnick, sharon tovaRothberg, Michael PYildiz, Yasemin2026-06-12Shoah Shadows: Israeli Migrants’ Aesthetic Interventions in Germany explores the memory dynamics that emerge when Israelis migrate to the charged space of Germany. I examine how Germany’s guilt-driven Holocaust memorial culture provokes, enables, and sometimes curtails aesthetic engagements with the Shoah. The German state’s perspective on Jews is largely colored by its guilt about the Holocaust resulting in reductive views of them as indelibly victims and tools for Wiedergutmachung. Yet, Israeli migrant artists and authors in Germany find creative ways to subversively counter these narratives of eternal Jewish victimhood. Through poetry, prose, performance, films, photography, and mixed media art, Israeli migrant artists and authors resist the victim label frequently fixed on them by the German state while also urging Germany to see Israel in more complex and critical ways. My analyses of Israeli migrants’ aesthetic interventions demonstrate the multifaceted ways they create agency as they respond to the crisis in Palestine/Israel and to Germany’s recent cancellation culture and ritualized Holocaust memory landscape.The first half of my dissertation analyzes media projects – films, a photography collection, and mixed media installations – and the second half of it analyzes poetry and prose. The conclusion analyzes literature, art, and performances that respond to Israel’s actions in Gaza and Germany’s problematic response after October 7, 2023. I demonstrate that the charged nature of migrating to Germany combined with Berlin’s historic and contemporary context and post-unification culture of freedom has provoked a particular form of a revitalized and revitalizing postmemory. The postmemorial dynamic, which transforms intergenerational pain into purpose, enables these migrants to re-invent themselves and re-write what it means to be Jewish in Germany. The Israeli migrants’ aesthetic creations expand Germany’s understanding of Jewish identity beyond the limiting philosemitic lens through which it has been so often framed. The shadows of the Shoah that occupy the physical and cultural spaces of Berlin, as well as the pervasive guilt in Germany’s memory culture, evoke a deep form of responsible remembering: simultaneously commemorating the past with care and focusing on creating a more ethical present and future in Europe and the Middle East.Comparative literatureJudaic studiesArt historyAestheticsEuropean studiesBerlinIntergenerational TraumaIsraeli MigrantsJewish CulturePostmemoryapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/62b217n3https://escholarship.org/content/qt62b217n3/qt62b217n3.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9g86f2sz2026-06-16T06:41:32Zqt9g86f2szContesting Chinatown: Community Ownership in Urban Growth Politics in Los Angeles’ Chinatown, 1975-2012Tran, VictoriaZhou, Min2026-06-12This dissertation examines the community politics of urban redevelopment in Los Angeles’ Chinatown from 1975-2012, using archival documents, interviews with community leaders, government staff, Chinatown residents, and small business owners, newspaper articles in English and Chinese, and Census Data. It asks: How do community groups—particularly those rooted in ethnic communities—acquire and exercise power in shaping urban redevelopment projects? What strategies do community groups use to gain legitimacy for representing community needs in addressing neighborhood redevelopment, public safety, and economic well-being? How do different community stakeholders define who counts as the community and what community needs are? How do groups deploy narratives tied to race, ethnicity, migration and class to create boundaries around who belongs to the community?
In the 1970s, LA’s Chinatown began to rapidly grow as immigrants and refugees moved in from Southeast Asia, China, and Central America. Despite a shared ethnic Chinese identity, many new immigrant groups spoke different dialects, came from different countries, and did not assimilate into the existing Chinatown organizational and political structure. At the same time, the neighborhood struggled under the dual pressures of rising land values and investment from overseas capital and demands for more affordable housing, economic opportunities, and social services. Situating the redevelopment of Chinatown in the larger history of the changing racialization of Chinese Americans throughout the end of the 20th century and the shifting role of urban development in capitalist expansion, this dissertation integrates theories from the sociology of race and ethnicity, migration studies, and urban sociology to understand how community groups attempted to remake the neighborhood and incorporate Chinese Americans into urban politics through redevelopment. In particular, the dissertation analyzes the role middle class Chinese Americans living outside Chinatown with social, economic, cultural stake in the neighborhood participated in Chinatown based organizations and the neighborhood’s political structure and directed redevelopment priorities that may conflict with resident interests. Ultimately, this project interrogates how differences within the neighborhood based on race, ethnicity, class, and migration histories created boundaries around who could participate in the redevelopment process and who benefited from redevelopment.SociologyUrban planningAsian American studiesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g86f2szhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9g86f2sz/qt9g86f2sz.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2gv0w2v72026-06-16T06:41:28Zqt2gv0w2v7Chronic cold exposure induces mitochondrial calcium plasticity in brown fat of UCP1-deficient miceChamorro, Casandra GeorginaBertholet, Ambre MVillanueva, Claudio J2026-06-12Brown adipocytes are highly thermogenic due to optimized mitochondria for heat production, termed mitochondrial thermogenesis, that increases energy expenditure and burn fat, one of the best ways to fight metabolic syndrome1-4. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a mitochondrial carrier specific to brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria, is responsible for mitochondrial thermogenesis by transporting H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) 1. The thermogenic program of brown adipocytes is potentiated through a cold challenge4. White adipose tissue (storage fat) also transforms under cold exposure into brown fat like depots called beige fat, becoming a “fat burner” tissue2. The presence of brown and beige fat has recently been demonstrated in adults when activated, but they don’t abundantly express UCP1 as in mice, suggesting other mechanisms of mitochondrial thermogenesis and opening a new field of research to combat metabolic syndrome5,6. WT mice with intact brown fat resist an acute cold challenge, in contrast to Ucp1-/- mice which die7-9. Interestingly, when Ucp1-/- mice are put under a progressive cold challenge, they withstand the cold suggesting a compensatory and alternative mechanism of mitochondrial thermogenesis7-9. Ucp1-/- mice thus provide a great model to study UCP1-independent pathways of mitochondrial thermogenesis. Our mRNA expression analysis revealed brown and beige fat of Ucp1-/- mice develop a thermogenic profile when exposed to cold, comparable to WT mice. To determine the mitochondrial thermogenic capacity of brown fat after cold acclimation, we performed patch-clamp applied to brown fat mitochondria10,11. We found a dramatic Ca2+ current across the IMM of Ucp1-/- mice when exposed to cold. Gradual acclimation to cold led to an increase in Ca2+ uptake in BAT mitochondria through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in Ucp1-/- mice when robust thermogenesis was required. Tethering implicated in calcium fluxes between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after chronic cold in Ucp1-/- mice were also enhanced, confirming a significant restructuring to adapt to a remodeled Ca2+ homeostasis. Thus, we propose a new role for MCU as a key regulator of mitochondrial plasticity, enabling efficient thermogenesis in beige and brown adipose tissues in the absence of UCP1.PhysiologyCellular biologybrown fatcalciummitochondriathermogenesisapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gv0w2v7https://escholarship.org/content/qt2gv0w2v7/qt2gv0w2v7.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1mb9z5mc2026-06-16T06:41:23Zqt1mb9z5mcDifferences in Access to Clean Water in the San Joaquin Valley, California among White and Latine/Hispanic CommunitiesHerrera, Emily MarieMacinko, James2026-06-12An individual’s access to clean water is a human right, but it is not universally given. Negative health consequences associated with a lack of access to clean water include depression, anxiety, diarrheal diseases, and cancer. There is a disproportionate lack of access to clean water, and therefore negative health effects, for people living in areas with high proportions of communities of color and concentrated poverty. This study presents an ecological associational study that used a publicly available data from the SAFER Dashboard, which collects data on water systems in the San Joaquin Valley (n=210). Ordinal logistic regression models were conducted to determine the relationship between access to clean water and race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The results found that water systems that serve a larger Latine/Hispanic population are more likely to have a worse water quality risk (OR = 1.012), accessibility risk (OR = 1.036), affordability risk (OR = 1.020), and overall SAFER Status (OR = 1.029), while systems with more White individuals have a smaller likelihood of having a water system of high risk. For socioeconomic status, poverty prevalence was significantly associated with higher water quality risk and accessibility risk, while affordability risk was associated with water quality risk only at the low-to-medium level (p< 0.05). High concentrations of Latine/Hispanic and White residents within a community are strong indicators of SAFER Status, water quality risk, and accessibility risk, while affordability risk did not show a consistent association.Public healthLatin American studiesHydrologic sciencesHispanic American studiesAccessibilityLatine/HispanicSan Joaquin ValleyWaterWater QualtiyWater Systemapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mb9z5mchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1mb9z5mc/qt1mb9z5mc.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5n13c30p2026-06-16T06:41:18Zqt5n13c30pDevelopment of Point-of-Care Diagnostics Incorporating Unconventional Body Fluid Sampling MethodsCarr, Teagan Shing-JenKamei, Daniel T2026-06-12Accurate and accessible diagnostic technologies are essential for effective disease detection, monitoring, and treatment, particularly in resource-limited or decentralized healthcare settings. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are especially valuable in these environments due to their ability to provide rapid results without the need for centralized laboratories or trained personnel. One diagnostic modality with widespread use for POC applications is the lateral-flow immunoassay (LFA), which is commonly utilized in over-the-counter pregnancy tests and COVID-19 rapid antigen tests. Although LFAs are rapid, inexpensive, and user-friendly, conventional LFAs are often limited by reduced sensitivity and an inability to provide quantitative results. Furthermore, many existing diagnostic workflows rely on conventional sample collection methods that may be invasive, inconvenient, or impractical for frequent monitoring. The work presented in this thesis focuses on improving the performance and accessibility of LFAs through the integration of unconventional body fluid sampling strategies.
First, a quantitative LFA platform was developed for therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin from dried blood spot (DBS) samples. To accomplish this, a fully automated and battery-powered device was developed to execute a novel workflow that integrates the simplicity and long-term stability of DBS sampling with LFA-based detection through the push of a single button. To further improve assay sensitivity and enable detection within the therapeutically relevant range, gold-coated magnetic nanoprobes were incorporated into the assay platform. In addition, quantification of LFA results was achieved through a smartphone application that correlates LFA test line intensity from captured images. The automated device in conjunction with the smartphone app delivered consistent quantitative results for digoxin DBS concentrations between 0 and 10 ng/mL, enabling accurate and accessible monitoring of drug levels in patient blood while maintaining compatibility with POC settings.
Subsequently, a diaper-compatible diagnostic platform was developed for colorimetric detection of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) from newborn urine samples. To address the lower sensitivity typically associated with LFAs, osmotic preconcentration of urinary biomarkers was optimized, ultimately demonstrating a tenfold improvement in LFA sensitivity. Moreover, an LFA for the detection of CMV glycoprotein B was developed, and flexible thermoplastic polyurethane casings were designed for both diaper-compatible LFA integration and passive osmotic preconcentration.BioengineeringNanoscienceImmunologycongenital cytomegalovirusdried blood spotslateral-flow immunoassayosmotic preconcentrationpoint-of-care diagnosticstherapeutic drug monitoringpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n13c30petdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2hp934sj2026-06-16T06:41:14Zqt2hp934sjBioinspired Magnetoelastic Skin for Wearable Touch-to-Speech TranslationLiu, QixiaoChen, JunHuang, Yu2026-06-12Visual information acquisition through tactile exploration of Braille is essential for individuals with visual impairment; however, natural tactile perception cannot be directly translated into analyzable electrical signals for digital processing and communication. Here, we present a bioinspired electronic skin system based on soft magnetoelastic materials that enables real-time conversion of tactile Braille stimuli into high-fidelity electrical signals and further into auditory outputs. The device is inspired by the structure and mechanical properties of human fingertip skin, featuring a flexible and stretchable architecture with skin-like modulus and high conformability for stable interfacing during dynamic touch. Upon interaction with Braille patterns, the magnetoelastic sensing layer effectively captures subtle spatiotemporal deformation induced by fingertip sliding and converts them into high-fidelity electrical signals via electromagnetic induction. These touch induced electrical signals are subsequently processed by machine learning algorithms to decode Braille characters with high accuracy, and the recognized information is further translated into audio outputs, enabling an end-to-end tactile-to-auditory communication pathway.Materials scienceBiomedical engineeringComputer scienceElectrical engineeringpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp934sjetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt73k867m72026-06-16T06:41:09Zqt73k867m7Resituating Women’s Agency via Medical Fantasy in late Qing Science Fiction: the Case of Nüwa StoneZhang, JingwenGoldman, Andrea S2026-06-12This thesis reexamines Nüwa Stone, an unfinished late Qing science fiction novel, through Karen Barad's posthumanist framework of intra-action. Against readings that reduce the novel's female figures to nationalist symbols or failed feminist archetypes, this thesis proposes medical technology as an analytical entry point, attending to the material-discursive conditions through which new forms of women's agency were made imaginable rather than simply prescribed. Chapter One focuses on the epistemic landscape of Western anatomical and physiological knowledge as it entered late Qing China—selectively appropriated by medical missionaries, reform politicians, feminist thinkers, and commercial publishers alike—producing a contested terrain on which the female body became newly available as a site of redefinition. Chapter Two turns to Nüwa Stone itself, reading the artificial insemination fantasy and the brainwashing surgery not as instruments of a fixed ideological program, but as generative sites in which the entanglement of women and medical technology performs agential cuts that loosen, without resolving, the boundaries between body, sexuality, and social identity. This textual analysis is extended through intertextual readings of contemporaneous women's periodicals and the practices of historical female medical professionals, situating the novel within a broader cultural field in which medical knowledge circulated as a resource for self-imagination. The thesis argues that what was at stake in this moment was not the redefinition of the female body, but the opening of a horizon in which its fixity could be questioned.East Asian studiesWomens studiesearly Chinese feminismlate Qing science fictionmedical fantasywomen's body and agencyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/73k867m7https://escholarship.org/content/qt73k867m7/qt73k867m7.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5r9293742026-06-16T06:41:04Zqt5r929374Broadband Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and their ApplicationsMorag, EilamWilliams, Benjamin S2026-06-12It has been just over a decade since the demonstration of the first terahertz quantum-cascade vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (QC-VECSEL). These devices consist of an amplifying, QC-loaded metasurface and a highly reflective output coupler; when properly aligned, these two elements and the space in-between them form the external cavity. Perhaps the most distinctive qualities of the QC-VECSEL are its excellent beam pattern and its broad, single-mode, continuous tunability. Devices have been demonstrated with nearly 20% continuous fractional tuning in continuous-wave, single-mode operation, which amounts to two orders of magnitude more tuning than a conventional monolithic QC laser. These qualities make them enticing candidates for terahertz spectroscopy, either as local oscillators pumping heterodyne receivers or as tunable sources for laser absorption spectroscopy. This dissertation explores the limits of their single-mode operation and leverages their broad single-mode tuning for laser absorption spectroscopy.The relationship between the metasurface design and the QC-VECSEL’s single-mode operation is investigated via the design, fabrication, testing and analysis of VECSELs based on intentionally disordered metasurfaces. I show that this disorder establishes cavity modes with low spatial overlap, permitting spatial hole burning and therefore multi-mode lasing. The spatial filtering effect of the external cavity is observable as an inverse relationship between the density of lasing modes and the external cavity length. We compare these devices to conventional, uniform metasurfaces, and investigate the role of external feedback in a disordered device.The first successful attempt to develop QC-VECSELs into laser absorption spectrometers is discussed in the second half of this work. A QC-VECSEL capable of single-mode continuous-wave operation across 2.5–2.9 THz is used to interrogate several rotational absorption features of hydrogen sulfide. The characteristics of this particular device are examined, and the sensitivity, speed, bandwidth, and spectral resolution of the spectroscopic system are discussed.Finally, we discuss several paths for developing broadly tunable QC-VECSELs into more reliable sources. In particular, we address the challenges of suppressing the substantial frequency instability and of improving the tuning speed of short-cavity QC-VECSELs to unlock applications in time-resolved spectroscopy.Electrical engineeringComputer engineeringMetasurfaceQuantum cascade laserSpectroscopyTerahertzTunableVECSELapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r929374https://escholarship.org/content/qt5r929374/qt5r929374.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7gw3d2k62026-06-16T06:40:59Zqt7gw3d2k6Building Foundations of Trust and Resilience in Green and Blue Infrastructure DevelopmentSiegel, MadeleineMalloy, Timothy2026-06-12As climate change intensifies pressures on urban environments and coastal ecosystems, green and blue infrastructure–networks of natural and semi-natural features designed to deliver ecosystem services alongside social and economic benefits–have emerged as critical tools for building socio-ecological resilience. Yet, the success of such initiatives depends not only on their technical soundness, but also on the social and institutional context in which they are embedded. This dissertation investigates the role of community engagement and public attitudes across three interconnected forms of infrastructure: green stormwater management systems (with a global focus), kelp forest restoration as blue infrastructure (informed by subject-matter experts internationally and a California-wide survey), and multi-benefit green infrastructure (in Los Angeles County).
Comprising three chapters, this dissertation draws on a narrative literature review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, semi-structured interviews with practitioners and subject-matter experts, and a statewide survey of individuals in California. Together, these sources illuminate the conditions under which community participation strengthens infrastructure outcomes, the barriers that obstruct meaningful engagement, and the institutional and social factors that shape public support for environmental initiatives.
Across all three chapters, several cross-cutting themes emerge. Trust in scientific institutions, in facilitating agencies, and in the community-based organizations that often mediate between residents and government–emerge as foundational to durable participation. Social connection and neighborhood attachment prove to be more reliable motivators of civic engagement than environmental concern alone, with meaningful implications for how practitioners frame outreach. When designed with intention and genuine attention to equity, community engagement functions not merely as a procedural requirement, but as a generative force improving project design, incorporating place-based knowledge, cultivating long-term stewardship, and advancing social equity.
These findings have implications through the lens of the Virtuous Cycle Framework (Morrison, 2015), which anticipates that by generating tangible benefits for people, interventions promoting environmental resilience catalyze ongoing community investment in further resilience-building action. This dissertation advances that framework by revealing the social mechanisms, such as institutional trust, through which such cycles are initiated, sustained, and, at times, disrupted. It further contributes to the literature on equity, institutional trust, and participatory governance as cross-cutting conditions of equitable and effective infrastructure development. Recommendations are offered for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to design engagement that is not only inclusive in reach, but substantive in impact.Environmental scienceEnvironmental managementClimate changeapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gw3d2k6https://escholarship.org/content/qt7gw3d2k6/qt7gw3d2k6.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt83k6h4352026-06-16T06:40:53Zqt83k6h435Between Precarity and Injustice: Workers’ Experience of Occupational Health in Dhaka, Bangladesh’s Informal Waste EconomyMonolina, ProkritiSchwarz, Kirsten2026-06-12Informal waste workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh, operate within the city's urban waste infrastructure, which is essential to its functioning, yet remain invisible to the legal and institutional systems that govern it. This study documents the self-reported occupational health outcomes of informal waste workers in Dhaka and examines the contextual and structural conditions workers identify as contributing to those outcomes. This study uses the lens of Precarious Work Theory and Environmental Justice and argues that the occupational health burden these workers carry is not incidental but contextually and structurally produced. Informal waste workers’ adverse health outcomes are a consequence of precarious employment arrangements that deprive workers of protection and leave environmental and occupational risks unmitigated.A mixed-method design was used. Eighty-five informal waste workers across eight locations completed a semi-structured questionnaire. Participants represented waste collectors, sorters, and recyclers working at landfills, transfer stations, and open dumps. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, ordinal logistic regression, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic mapping. Findings reveal a significant and widespread occupational health burden. Fatigue, muscle pain, and backache were near-universal among respondents. Skin diseases, respiratory issues, and eye irritation were also commonly reported. Importantly, most indicators of employer-provided occupational health supports, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) provision, workplace facilities, environmental health and safety (EHS) training, vaccination, and healthcare coverage, were reported as absent, with only one exception having drinking water and handwashing facilities. This underscores how precarious the work environment is, especially when workers have little to no facilities, protection, or training. Work location was significantly associated with several symptoms, with landfill workers bearing the highest burden. Handwashing frequency showed no significant correlation with reported symptoms, a finding attributed to the absence of soap and adequate hygiene infrastructure rather than the act of handwashing itself. More than two-thirds of respondents did not use government health facilities, citing contextual and structural barriers such as transportation costs, distance, wait times, and the cost of care. Workers overwhelmingly identified formalization, employer-provided PPE, and basic workplace facilities as pathways to improvement. This study contributes to the growing literature on precarious work and occupational health in the Global South and serves as a documented human account of the contextual and structural neglect faced by informal waste workers, those who keep the city clean, yet remain unseen by the systems that depend on them.Environmental healthOccupational safetyLabor relationsEnvironmental justiceEnvironmental JusticeInformal Waste WorkersOccupational Health and SafetyOccupational Health RisksOccupational JusticePrecarious WorkpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/83k6h435etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0tm1x2ch2026-06-16T06:40:48Zqt0tm1x2chAllele-specific alternative polyadenylation links noncoding genetic variation to Alzheimer’s disease riskBarney, Ryan MitchellXiao, Xinshu2026-06-12Background. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a crucial post-transcriptional mechanism generating isoform diversity in the nervous system. While genetic variants significantly influence gene expression, the extent to which they regulate 3’ UTR usage in the human brain remains underexplored. We aimed to characterize the landscape of allele-specific alternative polyadenylation (asAPA) and investigate its role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Results. Analyzing 1,047 RNA-seq data from 293 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and control donors across four brain regions, we identified 4,462 asAPA events involving 3,432 SNPs. We prioritized a core set of putative functional variants that drive consistent cis-regulatory effects across individuals. These functional SNPs are enriched for RNA-binding protein motifs, particularly those recognized by FMRP. In Fragile X Syndrome brains lacking FMRP, we observed widespread 3’ UTR shortening, with FMRP motifs enriched in the 3’ UTR extension regions of shortened transcripts, suggesting FMRP normally protects against proximal site usage. Integrating these data with population genetics, we found that asAPA SNPs significantly overlap GWAS risk loci for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and AD. Furthermore, comparing AD to control brains within our cohort revealed 77 asAPA genes exhibiting condition-specific shifts in allelic bias, affecting key synaptic genes including CAMK2G. Conclusions. Our study uncovers a pervasive layer of cis-regulatory variation in the human brain that links noncoding genetics to transcript structure via RBP interactions. We identify FMRP as a key regulator of this process and demonstrate that asAPA provides a mechanistic bridge connecting genetic risk to neuronal pathology in both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration.BioinformaticsBiologyGeneticsAging3'UTRAllele-specific expressionAlternative polyadenylationAlzheimer's DiseaseAutism Spectrum DisorderGWASapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tm1x2chhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0tm1x2ch/qt0tm1x2ch.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7h6477wz2026-06-16T06:40:43Zqt7h6477wzDistributed Feedback Control of Multiple Stable Limit Cycle Oscillations for Robot LocomotionTaneja, LaqshyaIwasaki, Tetsuya2026-06-12A feedback controller that can achieve a desired oscillation as a stable limit cycle of the closed-loop provides autonomy in returning to the oscillation after perturbations, without mandating strict phase timing. In addition, as compared to centralized control, a distributed control architecture with independent control stations that communicate with pre-selected neighbors can provide robustness to localized failures in the system. Developing theoretical foundations towards such autonomy and robustness can enable control design advancements for applications like robotic locomotion in uncertain environments.This work bridges the gap between linear pattern formation control (via linear eigenstructure assignment theory) and distributed nonlinear control to achieve a stable limit cycle. The high-level approach is the extension of the linear theory in two directions. First, a linear distributed controller was constructed by taking a strongly connected distributed synthesis of the central control and showing that the closed-loop performance of the central controller can be recovered almost exactly in the H2 and H∞ senses as the coupling between distributed control stations is made infinitely strong. Second and separately, the linear theory was augmented by replacing the internal linear oscillator model by a class of nonlinear oscillators that behave the same as the linear one when meeting the desired oscillation; a centralized observer-based central control was thus developed to guarantee stable limit cycle formation in the closed-loop. Both avenues were combined to achieve the stable limit cycle using a distributed nonlinear controller; this was done by taking a strongly connected distributed synthesis of the observer-based control and then replacing the oscillator in each control station by an identical one of the described nonlinear class. Moreover, the centralized (and distributed) control theories were extended to achieve multiple prescribed oscillations as stable limit cycles through augmentation by nonlinear oscillator(s) that themselves embed all corresponding rhythms as stable limit cycles. In application, the centralized and distributed controllers were found effective in simulations of a constrained rigid body locomotor actuated through torque control to embed a flapping or slithering gait as part of the designed stable limit cycle in the closed-loop. Even though a linearized model was used for control design, the resulting controller was still able to achieve each stable limit cycle in simulations of the considered nonlinear model, while indirectly stabilizing the uncontrolled locomotion velocity. In addition, modified centralized and distributed controllers embedding both gaits simultaneously as two coexisting stable limit cycles were constructed and demonstrated to autonomously transition between the two gaits in the presence of a narrow passageway. Next, the methods were applied to the nonlinear oscillation control of a tensegrity (flexible) locomotor with control of cable rest lengths towards the objective of producing the slithering gait as a stable limit cycle of the closed-loop. Using an approximate rigid body model nearly the same as previously considered and an appropriate transformation between torque control and cable rest length control, the control design performed using a linearization of this approximate model yielded a controller that was applied in simulations of the full nonlinear dynamics to yield a stable limit cycle on which the locomotor produced a slithering gait similar to the target design.Mechanical engineeringRoboticsApplied mathematicsCentral pattern generatorDistributed nonlinear controlEigenstructure assignmentNonlinear oscillatorOrbital stabilityTensegrity robotapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7h6477wzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7h6477wz/qt7h6477wz.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt59d9g2dv2026-06-16T06:40:38Zqt59d9g2dvBeyond the IEP: Pre-Service Teachers Perceptions of and Accommodation for Students With Emotional and Behavioral DisordersSarkissyan, TatevGraham, SandraOsipova, Anna2026-06-12Students with emotional disturbance (ED) make up about five percent of all students with disabilities (Pew Research Center, 2023), and they spend 80% of their time in general education classrooms (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2024). Teachers are an incredibly important part of a student’s life – specifically for those students who experience marginalized identities, such as students with ED. However, teachers’ perceptions and expectations can impact student success and behavior (Ansari et al., 2020). The aim of this dissertation is to examine how pre-service teachers’ perceptions differ based on students’ disability label, and how this impacts their suggested accommodations.
Using a vignette-based research design, this quantitative dissertation examines preservice teachers’ perceptions of students with emotional disturbance. Pre-service teachers (n = 291) were recruited from Cal State LA’s EDSP 400 courses: Foundation of Special Education. They received vignettes that manipulated the race (Black, White, Hispanic), gender (Boy, Girl), and disability label (emotional disturbance with externalizing symptoms, emotional disturbance with internalizing symptoms, or no mention of disability) of a sixth-grade student. Race and gender were manipulated by using research based stereotypical names (e.g., DaShawn, Black boy; Alejandra, Hispanic girl). To manipulate disability label, the students were described (1) with an emotional disturbance who throws tantrums, is impulsive, and can be verbally hostile; 2) with an emotional disturbance who isolates themselves, has low self-esteem, and is afraid to make mistakes in class; or 3) no mention of disability. In total, there were 18 different versions of the vignette. Each preservice teacher participant received one vignette to read and respond to survey measures which included the 10-item Characteristic Perceptions Questions (CPQ-10), Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Disabled Students (TATD), and accommodation questions.
Results showed that pre-service teachers were significantly more likely to perceive students described with emotional disturbance negatively as compared to students without a disability. Students with emotional disturbance, with externalizing symptoms, were perceived to be more extraverted, less emotionally stable, and less agreeable than students without a disability label. Further examination showed that these perceptions impacted participants’ intended accommodation behaviors. Pre-service teachers were significantly likely to provide more behavioral accommodations for students with emotional disturbance with externalizing symptoms, as opposed to students without a disability label. Regression analyses showed that perceived comfort level moderated the relation between disability label and pre-service teacher perceptions. Participants were more positive about the student with emotional disturbance with externalizing symptoms when they felt more comfortable interacting with students with ED.
Overall, this study filled a gap in the existing literature on teachers’ perceptions of students with emotional disturbance and how that could potentially impact their behaviors towards these students. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of perceptions on behaviors within the classroom, through observational research. Future research should also focus on unpacking the barriers teachers face towards providing appropriate accommodations to students with emotional disturbance.Special educationBehavioral psychologyTeacher educationDisability studiesaccommodationsemotional behavioral disordersemotional disturbanceperspectivesteachersapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/59d9g2dvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt59d9g2dv/qt59d9g2dv.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2z8471nq2026-06-16T06:40:33Zqt2z8471nqThe Effect of Vape Aerosols Containing Nicotine on the Synergistic Relationship Between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicansCall, KamronTran, Nini C2026-06-12Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), commonly referred to as e-cigarettes or vaping devices, have rapidly increased in use over the past decade, particularly among adolescents and young adults (1, 2). Unlike conventional cigarettes, ENDS generate aerosols composed of nicotine, humectants such as propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin, and numerous chemical flavoring additives that are inhaled and deposited within the oral cavity (3). These vape aerosols directly contact oral microorganisms and host tissues and may alter microbial ecology and behavior in ways that increase disease susceptibility. Emerging clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that ENDS use may be associated with an elevated risk for dental caries, although the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood (3–5).Two microorganisms strongly implicated in caries development are Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Candida albicans (Ca). Individually, each contributes to acid production, biofilm maturation, and enamel demineralization; however, when present together, they form synergistic interkingdom biofilms with enhanced virulence compared with either organism alone (6–11). Prior studies have examined the effects of purified nicotine on these organisms, but relatively few have evaluated the complex chemical composition of ENDS aerosol condensates, particularly within dual-species systems (12–16). Consequently, the impact of nicotine-containing vape aerosol condensates on Sm–Ca interactions remains poorly defined. The goal of this study was to determine how ENDS aerosols containing nicotine influence the growth, biofilm formation, and cariogenic potential of Sm–Ca biofilms. A custom vaping apparatus was used to reproducibly generate aerosol condensates from commercially available ENDS liquids. Sub-inhibitory nicotine concentrations (8 mg/mL for Sm and 4 mg/mL for Ca) were identified via minimum inhibitory concentration testing to enable functional biofilm assessment. Mono- and dual-species biofilms were exposed to ENDS aerosol condensates and compared with purified nicotine. ENDS exposure resulted in organism-dependent changes in biofilm biomass rather than a uniform increase. Notably, Ca exhibited a significant reduction in biomass under nicotine-containing vape aerosol (N-VA) conditions, whereas dual-species biofilms demonstrated increased biomass under the same exposure conditions. These responses differed from those observed with purified nicotine alone and nicotine-free vape aerosol exposure, suggesting that both nicotine and non-nicotine aerosol constituents within the carrier e-liquid contribute to the observed organism-specific effects on biofilm biomass. Targeted RT-qPCR analysis identified exposure-dependent changes in virulence-associated gene expression, particularly in Sm. Increased expression of gtfB was observed under both purified nicotine and nicotine-containing ENDS aerosol exposure conditions, consistent with enhanced extracellular polysaccharide synthesis and the biofilm biomass changes observed phenotypically. In addition, ldh expression appeared most elevated following exposure to nicotine-containing ENDS aerosol condensates, suggesting that aerosol-derived constituents may influence acidogenic pathways beyond the effects of nicotine alone. In contrast, transcriptional responses in Ca were more variable, with modest changes observed in selected virulence-associated genes. Collectively, these findings provide molecular support for the phenotypic observations and suggest that ENDS aerosol exposure may promote virulence-associated biofilm remodeling through mechanisms that differ from purified nicotine alone. Further transcriptomic analyses will be necessary to more comprehensively define the regulatory pathways involved in these responses.MicrobiologyCellular biologyHealth sciencesMolecular biologyBiofilmCandida albicansElectronic cigarettesNicotineOral MicrobiomeStreptococcus mutanspubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z8471nqetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt12t387vp2026-06-16T06:40:28Zqt12t387vp“What Are We Doing About the Student Wellness Crisis?” Conceptualizing Holistic Wellbeing, Measuring It, and Cultivating It Through a Yoga-Based Seminar in Higher EducationYang, JohnEagan, Kevin2026-06-12Colleges and universities are confronting a growing student wellbeing crisis, marked by rising mental health concerns alongside financial stress, sedentary lifestyles, and uncertainty about the future. Although many students report experiencing these challenges, even fewer seek the support they may need. In response, institutions have expanded counseling and related services; however, these resources remain underutilized among first-generation, low-income, and students of color, signaling persistent inequities in access. This gap between student need and support points to deeper challenges in how wellbeing is defined, measured, and cultivated on college campuses. This study employs a convergent mixed-methods design to address this gap.
The quantitative strand focuses on advancing a multidimensional, student-centered measure of holistic wellbeing through the development and validation of the How Are You (HAY) Survey, assessing 40 items across eight interrelated dimensions: physical, psychological, spiritual, intellectual, financial, occupational, sociocultural, and environmental wellbeing. Survey data from 251 undergraduate students were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with ordinal indicators. Results supported a robust eight-factor structure with strong reliability, good model fit, and measurement invariance across gender, race/ethnicity, and first-generation status. Group difference analyses revealed significant disparities in wellbeing across first-generation status, household income, sexual orientation, and disability/health condition status, while regression analyses demonstrated that several dimensions of wellbeing predicted academic performance, belonging, persistence, and campus satisfaction.
The qualitative strand examines curriculum-based approaches to cultivating wellbeing through analyses of reflection journals and semi-structured interviews from a yoga-based, credit-bearing seminar, which attracted a diverse student population, particularly low-income and students of color. Students described wellbeing as dynamic, relational, and shaped by academic demands, with yoga, breathwork, meditation, and journaling providing practical, contemplative tools they applied beyond the classroom to manage stress, relationships, and uncertainty. The course also fostered awareness and personal transformation, with students engaging more intentionally with their thoughts, emotions, and broader college experiences.
Overall, this study provides empirical support for a valid, multidimensional measure of holistic wellbeing, alongside qualitative insights into how students navigate wellbeing in college. These findings underscore the urgency of addressing student wellbeing more proactively and suggest that curricular approaches hold promise as scalable and equitable strategies for narrowing the gap between student need and support. Higher educationEducational psychologyEducationHigher education administrationmixed-methodspsychometricsstudent wellnesssurveywellbeingyogaapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/12t387vphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt12t387vp/qt12t387vp.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0dn120622026-06-16T06:40:22Zqt0dn12062Quantitative metabolomics and fluxomics reveal metabolic adaptations underlying stress resilience in immune and brain cellsO'Keeffe, SamanthaPark, Junyoung O.2026-06-12Immune and brain cells both face metabolic stress and rely on rapid metabolic rewiring. These cells regulate metabolite levels and activate signaling networks to efficiently utilize metabolic networks and avoid toxic buildup. In turn, metabolites drive immune and neurological function. Despite their foundational role in cell physiology, kinetics, and thermodynamics, absolute metabolite concentrations and fluxes are seldom known, and metabolic changes are often inferred from other omics datasets. Scalable and accessible techniques are needed to accelerate quantitative metabolomics and fluxomics across diverse cell types.
A challenge in studying and engineering immune cells is high donor to donor variability. To establish a baseline for resting T cell metabolism, we set out to profile metabolomes of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells across individuals. We quantified over 80 metabolites in T cells using an ensemble method for absolute metabolite quantitation and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. We co-extracted T cells and 13C-labeled reference cells to measure absolute concentrations in bulk. T cell metabolomes resemble one another across subtypes and individuals. We found that T cells possess high adenylate energy charge and favorable redox ratios for energy and biomass production without compromising the forward driving force in glycolysis. Across metabolism, metabolite concentrations exceed their associated Michaelis constants and inhibitor constants two thirds and half of the time, respectively. The conserved features of T cell metabolomes underlie a design principle: metabolite levels prime cells for adaptive immune response.
Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is a signaling network which is activated by different stressors and triggers a global slowing of protein translation and an upregulation of expression of survival genes. While the ISR is a mechanism to respond to metabolic stress, the short-term effects on metabolism are unknown. We combined isotope tracing with optogenetics in H4 neuroglioma cells to study the short-term metabolic rewiring that occurs upon Integrated Stress Response activation. Isotope tracing revealed that activation of the ISR leads to an immediate (≤5 minutes) upregulation of flux towards the Pentose Phosphate Pathway for reducing agent generation and a downregulation of the oxidative TCA cycle. Cells prioritize redox balance and amino acid generation. Extracellular metabolite level measurements revealed that cells decrease their lactate secretion rates in favor of secreting nitrogen and carbon carrying amino acids. These short-term metabolic changes offer a new perspective on the ISR, where cellular response is not solely reliant on transcriptional and translational changes.
While isotope labeling patterns can be directly and uniquely simulated from flux sets, fluxes are difficult to infer from labeling patterns, and existing tools require iterative optimization. We developed a two-staged deep learning model to predict fluxes from isotope labeling patterns, ML-Flux. We created a large training dataset of fluxes and labeling patterns and trained an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict free fluxes from isotope labeling patterns. To capture realistic experimental conditions, we also trained a Mask-Aware Residual Multilayer Perceptron model (MAResMLP) to fill in the complete labeling data from incomplete input. The final two-stage MAResMLP–ANN boasts high accuracy and speed compared to a leading iterative-solver based metabolic flux analysis tool. ML-Flux is available as a webtool for quick and accessible flux quantitation in five metabolic models.
Together, these findings point to how cells prioritize homeostasis and use metabolism as a first line of defense against stressors. Looking forward, these findings and tools can accelerate predictive and preventative medicine by building and employing a quantitative model of human metabolism.Cellular biologyNeurosciencesAnalytical chemistryBiochemistryBiophysicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dn12062https://escholarship.org/content/qt0dn12062/qt0dn12062.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt31h6q7pf2026-06-16T06:40:17Zqt31h6q7pfLife-Lines: Relating Psychosocial Stressors to Enamel HistologyNematollahi, ZahraWhite, Shane N2026-06-12Wilson bands (WBs) are accentuated striae of Retzius in enamel, usually recognized by abnormal prism morphology and visible matrix defects. Since enamel does not remodel after crown formation, a disturbance that occurs during development can remain preserved in the tooth for life. This makes enamel a potentially useful tissue for studying early stress exposure. In this thesis, we evaluated whether WBs in human third molars are related to childhood psychosocial stress measures, and whether the relationship differs between female and male specimens. The rationale for examining sex differences was based on evidence that females and males differ in childhood adversity exposure, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity, autonomic stress physiology, and patterns of trauma reporting. For this reason, biological sex was treated as a primary analytic variable rather than only as a covariate.The study used 120 de-identified third-molar specimens from the U.S. Army Honolulu Tooth Archive, including 57 female and 63 male specimens. We focused on third molars because their crowns develop largely between approximately 7 and 12 years of age. This late, relatively isolated developmental window allows the third-molar enamel record to capture late-childhood and preadolescent exposures while excluding prenatal and infancy events, giving the enamel signal temporal specificity for disturbances that occur during crown formation. Practically, third molars are also commonly extracted in early adulthood, allowing contemporary psychosocial assessment of donors whose enamel formed years earlier. Histological sections were scored for WBs using locked Goodman and Rose-based criteria. Scoring was performed blinded to the psychosocial data and finalized after three rounds of review. The histology results were then compared with the psychosocial questionaries that included measures of acute peritraumatic autonomic-emotional activation (PASS), peritraumatic dissociation (PDEQ), PTSD symptoms, limbic-system symptoms, depressive symptoms, retrospective childhood stress ratings for ages 0–8 and 8 – 16 years, and family-of-origin socioeconomic variables. Analyses were performed separately by sex using Mann–Whitney U tests, Spearman correlations, and multivariable logistic regression. The primary hypothesis tested whether females with Complete WBs reported greater stress during the 8 to 16-year developmental window. The primary hypothesis was supported. Female specimens with Complete WBs had higher retrospective stress ratings for ages 8 to 16 years. Female WB positivity was also associated with both PASS and PDEQ, suggesting that both autonomic-emotional and dissociative responses to stress may be relevant to enamel disruption. Weaker associations were also seen with early childhood stress and depressive symptoms. The male results were different. In males, family education was the only independent predictor of WB positivity, while PASS and PDEQ were not significantly associated with WBs. Sex × stress interaction models supported the interpretation that the female and male patterns were meaningfully different rather than simply the result of smaller subgroup analyses. Independent timing estimates from the Reid laboratory placed the enamel signal within the expected third-molar crown-formation period. Overall, these findings support the idea that WBs may preserve a biological record of childhood stress, but not in the same way across sexes. In females, the signal appears more related to acute peritraumatic stress physiology. In males, the signal in this archive was more closely tied to family-of-origin socioeconomic background. These results support enamel as a developmental stress archive and suggest that WBs may be useful as a candidate biomarker of early-life adversity. However, prospective studies with physiological measures collected during tooth development are needed before this approach can be used clinically.DentistryPsychologyBiologyAdverse Childhood ExperiencesBiomarkersDental EnamelPost-Traumatic Stress DisordersStress PsychologicalWilson Bandsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/31h6q7pfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt31h6q7pf/qt31h6q7pf.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0vm2p3jb2026-06-16T06:40:12Zqt0vm2p3jbTransplanting Empire: Gardens, Environment, and Literary Form in Global Anglophone Writing, 1780–1930Radnia, MichelleBristow, Joseph E.2026-06-12Connecting literary form to material ecologies in global Anglophone writing of the long nineteenth century, Transplanting Empire explores how British and South Asian authors drew upon the garden to formulate environmental strategies for colonization as well as for anti-imperialism and national sovereignty. Integrating an ecocritical lens with decolonial perspectives, the dissertation argues that subaltern writers—troping ecological transplantation in their cross-cultural appropriation and revision of English literature—transgress horticultural, literary, and religious borders in demonstrating that political sovereignty can be attained through a feminine reconceptualization of environmental aesthetics and sustainability. The first chapter considers how John Keats—infamously associated with waste in the press—addresses dialogues about pollution and natural resource extraction through a potted Indian basil ecosystem that foregrounds feminine nurturing sympathy in outlining visions for sustainability in the metropolitan and literary landscapes. Further tracing the colonial implications of horticultural aesthetics, the second chapter analyzes the way in which Benjamin Disraeli and Rudyard Kipling use contemporary garden styles to visualize a unified empire-as-nation, while, within India, horticulture became a tool through which the British state subjugated the foreign landscape and reproduced the literal and figurative borders used to circumscribe and divide the territory. Situating the feminine garden sonnets of Toru Dutt within the context of such horticultural imperialism, the third chapter views how the first Indo-Anglian woman poet borrows from Keats to rework the sonnets of William Wordsworth and reveal that a future sovereign nation must be cultivated by a united Indian people on their shared native landscape. The final chapter then regards how—in elaborating on Dutt’s garden-nation model—Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain reimagines Western eco-utopian and speculative fiction in invoking the garden to link environmental and national independence to women’s physical and intellectual procreativity, whereas Sarojini Naidu—positing the political and spiritual regeneration of the horticultural space—recasts the imagery and poetic forms of Alfred Tennyson to represent the female-spurred rebirth of India into nationhood. Along with Dutt, these authors forge an emerging literary tradition that—in integrating but transcending British literature—exemplifies the way in which India might incorporate but ultimately surpass Western influence to achieve sovereignty.LiteratureEnvironmental studiesSouth Asian studiesRomance literatureBritish & Irish literatureEcocriticismGardensIndian Anglophone literaturePostcolonial theoryRomanticismVictorian literaturepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vm2p3jbetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3cb279q52026-06-16T06:40:06Zqt3cb279q5Student Voices in the Equation: Using Empathy Interviews to Transform Math EducationSwan, Kaitlyn MicheleFranke, Megan L2026-06-12This qualitative dissertation study examined how empathy interviews could amplify student voice and inform more equitable mathematics instruction for historically marginalized elementary students. Persistent disparities in mathematics achievement, engagement, and belonging continue to affect students of color, emergent bilinguals, and students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Although equity-centered instructional frameworks such as Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI), Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT), and the California Mathematics Framework (CMF) emphasize student-centered learning, they often lack structured approaches for authentically capturing and responding to students’ lived experiences and perspectives.This study explored how empathy interviews revealed what supported and hindered students’ learning in mathematics and how students experienced identity, participation, and belonging in mathematics classrooms. The research was conducted at a Title I elementary school in Los Angeles County serving a predominantly Hispanic/Latinx and multilingual student population. Participants included 24 students in Grades 1 through 6 who engaged in semi-structured empathy interviews focused on their mathematical experiences, emotions, challenges, and supports. Data were analyzed using deductive and inductive thematic coding informed by Sense of Belonging Theory and Student Voice Theory. Findings revealed that students were highly capable of articulating the conditions that supported their mathematical learning. Key themes included opportunities to share and listen to peer strategies, mathematical discourse, instructional technology, visual supports, problem-solving experiences, positive mathematical mindsets, and support from teachers and peers. Students also identified barriers to learning, including emotional vulnerability when sharing ideas publicly, limited participation opportunities, inconsistent access to support, and difficulty understanding peers’ explanations. Across interviews, students demonstrated sophisticated understandings of mathematical learning, collaboration, and identity. Findings further revealed that empathy interviews functioned as more than a data collection method; they served as a relational and reflective practice that fostered listening, recognition, and deeper understanding between students and educators. The findings suggest that centering student voice through empathy interviews can help educators design more inclusive, affirming, and responsive mathematics learning environments that strengthen belonging, engagement, and equity.Educational leadershipMathematics educationPsychologyElementary educationEducational psychologybelongingempathy interviewsidentitymathematics experiencesstudent voiceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cb279q5https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cb279q5/qt3cb279q5.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt13x8c8km2026-06-16T06:40:00Zqt13x8c8kmReaction Discovery for Bioactive Natural Product Synthesis: De Novo Heterocycle Construction toward Portimine A and Complex Spiroketals, and Chemoenzymatic Peptide MacrocyclizationGreene, EmmaHarran, Patrick G2026-06-12This dissertation describes the discovery and application of new bond-forming reactions for assembling the oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles that define three classes of bioactive natural products: the marine toxin portimine A, polyketide-derived spiroketals, and the macrocyclic peptide antibiotic darobactin A.Chapter One addresses a convergent synthesis of portimine A, a highly oxygenated cyclic imine isolated in 2013 from the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum. Unlike the pinnatoxins and gymnodimines, which bear six- or seven-membered cyclic imines, portimine A contains an unusual five-membered spirocyclic imine, and it is a potent, selective inducer of apoptosis with nanomolar cytotoxicity despite comparatively low acute toxicity in vivo. The strategy sought to install the spirocyclic imine in a late-stage union of a pyrroline fragment with a fully elaborated polyoxygenated chain. A first-generation convergent carbonyl-ene disconnection was hampered by the volatility and insufficient electrophilicity of a methylidene pyrroline aldehyde, and a subsequent intermolecular Diels–Alder approach was constrained by an inherent endo selectivity that catalyst screening could not override. These results guided a productive redesign of the enophile as a vicinal tricarbonyl: the resulting oxoacetyl pyrroline proved a stable, isolable, and highly electrophilic coupling partner that engaged an exocyclic enol ether in an uncatalyzed, convergent carbonyl-ene reaction. Desilylation followed by a decarboxylation/autoxidation sequence (KOTMS, O₂) then furnished the conjugated α-iminoketone, with the remaining steps targeting construction of the macrocyclic ketal by transketalization and the spirocyclic imine by intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction—en route to the most concise synthesis of portimine A reported to date.Chapter Two reports the discovery of an uncatalyzed inverse electron-demand hetero-Diels–Alder (IED-HDA) reaction that enables the diastereoselective synthesis of spiroketals under exceptionally mild conditions. The reaction exploits a previously unrecognized reactivity of vinyl vicinal tricarbonyls, proceeding spontaneously in dichloromethane at room temperature without catalysts or additives. It is compatible with even the most sensitive methylidene tetrahydrofurans, pyrans, and oxepanes—substrates ordinarily prone to isomerization and hydrolysis—and tolerates variation in enol ether substitution and ring size to deliver 5,6-, 6,6-, and 7,6-spiroketal frameworks in good to excellent yields and high diastereoselectivity.Density functional theory calculations indicate that these cycloadditions are highly asynchronous, concerted processes passing through markedly zwitterionic transition states with activation free energies near 18 kcal mol⁻¹. A competing stepwise carbonyl-ene pathway, which proceeds through zwitterionic intermediates with low barriers to proton transfer, becomes competitive only for six-membered enol ethers. The unsaturated alpha keto ester present in cycloaddition products can be manipulated in a variety of useful ways. A selection of enabling transformations is demonstrated, as is a concise synthesis of a reveromycin B subunit.Chapter Three describes a chemoenzymatic route to darobactin A, a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) from Photorhabdus that binds the outer-membrane protein BamA and is active against Gram-negative pathogens otherwise untreatable with approved antibiotics. The macrobicyclic scaffold is installed by the radical SAM enzyme DarE, which alone forges both the ether and tryptophan-lysine (W-K) crosslinks on the DarA pro-peptide. In contrast to the in vivo requirement for the 48-residue leader, DarE was shown to process truncated, leader-free substrates in vitro and to do so with multiple turnovers, rather than the stoichiometric enzyme-to-product ratio seen with full-length DarA. Synthetic N-acetyl, N-benzyloxycarbonyl, and N-(naphthylmethoxycarbonyl)-capped 10-residue fragments, together with an N-acetyl 11-mer, proved to be effective darobactin A precursors, with the C-terminal tail removable by proteinase K; however, DarE exhibited low promiscuity, as single-atom perturbations such as benzofuran-for-indole substitution sharply diminished productive turnover.Mechanistic experiments with deuterium-labeled isotopologs localized the initial hydrogen-atom abstraction to the β-carbon of the P3 tryptophan (W3), evidenced by a primary kinetic isotope effect, while an ¹⁸O₂-labeling experiment established molecular oxygen as the source of the ether-linkage oxygen. The dispensability of the leader peptide in vitro streamlines both analog synthesis and mechanistic study, though engineered DarE variants with greater promiscuity and stability will likely be needed for a scalable chemoenzymatic synthesis of darobactin A and its analogs.Organic chemistryPhysical chemistryComputational chemistrycarbonyl-enecyclic iminedarobactin Ahetero-diels-alderportimine Aspiroketalapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/13x8c8kmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt13x8c8km/qt13x8c8km.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt614868rb2026-06-16T06:39:55Zqt614868rbFrom Rats to Robots: Developing a Comparative-Cognition Toolkit for Evaluating Large Language ModelsKirkman, Cyrus FletcherBlaisdell, Aaron P.2026-06-12Recent advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of machine systems with emergent reasoning capabilities. Modern large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) are capable of incredible feats, but their abilities are unpredictable in a distinctly unhuman way. Current AI evaluation methods thereby face challenges in distinguishing genuine intelligence from shallow statistical pattern-matching. Existing benchmark-driven evaluations offer only aggregate scores and general trends, masking brittle generalization and obscuring underlying functional behavioral mechanisms. Recent psychologically grounded evaluations have shown promise as a more theoretically grounded alternative, yet frameworks designed for human cognition do not transfer cleanly to AI systems and risk importing assumptions that can distort interpretation (such as anthropomorphism). To address this gap, this dissertation develops a comparative cognition-inspired framework––grounded in the scientific study of diverse animal intelligences––to evaluate scaled AI systems, like LLMs and VLMs. Four empirical chapters chart a progressive arc from foundational associative learning to abstract numerical reasoning. Experiment 1 developed a rigorous in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) task to conduct an associative battery in an LLM. A mixed Instrumental-Pavlovian contingency demonstrated a general capacity for rapid and robust associative learning that was differentially influenced by feedback probability and format (Experiment 1.1). Blocking was observed, but only in prediction-based stimulus–outcome excitatory associations (1.2). Conditioned inhibition was also observed, but only in stimulus–stimulus associations (1.3). Across the associative battery, a series of minor probabilistic biases were observed, inspiring a targeted investigation of the Feature-Positive Effect in an ICRL paradigm across two generations of LLMs (2). Although no such effect was detected, both LLMs demonstrated heightened sensitivity to stimulus base rates in training, leading to further investigation of numerical abilities. Transitive inference abilities were investigated when all links of an ordinal chain were explicitly provided to the LLM (3.1) or abstractly learned via reinforcement history in an ICRL task (3.2); a general transitive reasoning ability across neutral stimuli was observed in zero-shot tasks but was not abstracted from ICRL histories. Furthermore, degree of ordinal reasoning was shown to be correlated with relative alignment of stimulus relationships with those established in prior model training. Specific effects of prior training data upon numerical reasoning were further investigated in multimodal visual stimuli (4). VLMs were shown to capitalize upon available covariates of number when discriminating element count in visual stimuli. Certain visual covariates could increase enumeration accuracy and decrease bias but always did so at the cost of collapsing response resolution. We hypothesize that data priors act as attractor states that guide scaled language model behavior in recapitulating training data patterns, which prove useful within in-distribution scenarios but brittle in edge cases. This phenomenon is akin to the psychological notion of heuristics. Taken together, these four experiments offer a layered view of how generative scaled models acquire, combine, and misapply knowledge, bridging animal and artificial cognition and contextualizing patterns in the cognitive capacities of modern AI systems.Behavioral psychologyAnimal sciencesArtificial intelligenceartificial intelligencebehaviorin-context reinforcement learninglarge language modelsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/614868rbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt614868rb/qt614868rb.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5wg5v1pz2026-06-16T06:39:50Zqt5wg5v1pzCross-Kingdom Genome Mining: Elucidating the Biosynthesis of Fungal Metabolites with Relevance to Human HealthJohnson, ColinTang, Yi2026-06-12Fungal genomes encode an enormous diversity of specialized metabolites, yet many of the biosynthetic pathways responsible for their production remain unknown. Advances in genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology have transformed the ability to identify, characterize, and engineer these pathways for fundamental studies and practical applications. This dissertation investigates fungal natural product biosynthesis through genome mining, pathway elucidation, heterologous expression, and enzyme characterization, while demonstrating how these approaches can be leveraged for synthetic biology.Genome mining efforts described herein led to the identification of biosynthetic pathways that enabled access to rare natural products, elucidation of unusual enzymatic transformations, and development of new biotechnological applications. For example, the identification of a fungal prenyltransferase pathway enabled the engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of rare and low-abundance cannabinoids. Genome mining and biochemical characterization also revealed the biosynthetic pathway of the C-glycosylated depside arenicolin B, including the role of a nonreducing polyketide synthase thioesterase domain in catalyzing depside formation. Knowledge gained from these pathways facilitated the development of an antimicrobial polymer derived from biosourced 2,4-dihydroxy-6-alkylbenzoic acid monomers, illustrating the utility of natural product biosynthesis for sustainable materials applications. This dissertation also addresses challenges in food and industrial biotechnology through elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of the mycotoxin 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA) in Aspergillus oryzae. Identification and characterization of the responsible BGC enabled efforts to improve the safety profiles of industrially important fungal strains used in food, beverage, and seasoning production. Finally, this work expands the scope of fungal genome mining through a cross-kingdom strategy that uses characterized enzymes from diverse organisms to identify previously unrecognized fungal pathways lacking canonical biosynthetic enzymes. These findings highlight the power of genome mining to uncover new chemistry, reveal unusual biosynthetic logic, and provide novel enzymatic tools for biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology.ChemistryMicrobiologyBiochemistryGeneticsOrganic chemistrybiosynthesisgenome miningnatural productspubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wg5v1pzetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5p2223832026-06-16T06:39:45Zqt5p222383Memetic Ligands for Zeolite Brønsted Acid Sites: A syn-4-tBuphenyl-3-truxenetriol Base with the Diphenyl Silane ScaffoldSzeliga, Piper NNava, Matthew J2026-06-12Despite the long history of zeolites and their widespread use in industrial processes for heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous models of these materials remain underdeveloped. Current models of zeolite Brønsted acid sites lack the aluminum embedded within the framework and are synthetically challenging to construct due to the inherent flexibility of Si–O bonds and the potential for silicon to become hypervalent. In this thesis, a molecular model comprising a C3 symmetric, diphenylsilanol scaffold coordinated to an aluminum center was developed and functions as a Lewis acid site mimic. This Lewis site is capable of binding a variety of Lewis bases including diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), pyridine (Py), and hydroxide. This scaffold was attached to a base of 5,10,15-tri(tert-butylphenyl)truxene-5-yl (syn-4- t Buphenyl-3-truxenetriol) providing the rigidity necessary to prevent structural collapse. During the synthesis of the targeted scaffold, a novel selective precipitation method was discovered and employed to separate syn- and anti-products that can be conveniently filtered without the need for chromatography. By utilizing this procedure, models of zeolite Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites were generated and are accessible for further investigation using common solution-based characterization techniques, including solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies.Inorganic chemistryPhysical chemistryAnalytical chemistryMolecular chemistryBrønsted acid sitehomogeneous modelsLewis acid sitezeolitepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p222383etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8j13s3tb2026-06-16T06:39:40Zqt8j13s3tbStreaming Functional EncryptionKorb, Alexis Lei WanSahai, Amit2026-06-12We initiate the study of streaming functional encryption (sFE) which is designed for scenarios in which data arrives in a streaming manner and is computed on in an iterative manner as the stream arrives. Unlike in a standard functional encryption (FE) scheme, in an sFE scheme, we (1) do not require the entire data set to be known at encryption time and (2) allow for partial decryption given only a prefix of the input. More specifically, in an sFE scheme, we can sequentially encrypt each data point x, in a stream of data x = X1... Xn as it arrives, without needing to wait for all n values. We can then generate function keys for streaming functions which are stateful functions that take as input a message x₁ and a state st, and output a value yi and the next state sti+1. For any k ≤ n, a user with a function key for a streaming function f can learn the first k output values y1... yk where (Yi, sti+1) = f(xi, sti) and st₁ = 1 given only ciphertexts for the first k elements x1... Xk.In this thesis, we introduce the notion of sFE and show how to construct it from FE. In particular, we show how to achieve a secure sFE scheme from a secure FE scheme. Furthermore, by combining our result with the FE construction of Jain, Lin, and Sahai (STOC, 2021), we show how to achieve a secure sFE scheme from the polynomial hardness of well-studied assumptions.Computer scienceComputer engineeringApplied mathematicsCryptographyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j13s3tbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8j13s3tb/qt8j13s3tb.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9850z2tn2026-06-16T06:39:35Zqt9850z2tnA Geometric Approach to Low-Energy Trajectory Planning in the Circular Restricted Three Body ProblemZafran, Eden MaeLopez, Brett T.2026-06-12This work develops a framework to identify low-energy trajectories in the Circular Restricted Three Body Problem (CR3BP) based on the identification of minimal geodesics. We propose that minimal geodesics on a manifold described by a Randers metric that encodes the dynamics of the CR3BP correspond to natural, low-energy pathways through the state space of the physical three body system. We demonstrate the efficacy of this framework by comparing its results to both periodic low-energy orbits in the CR3BP and as-flown spacecraft ephemerides. This framework transforms the trajectory planning problem from an iterative boundary value problem in terms of time-dependent variables to a direct minimization problem solely parametrized by the curve length of the trajectory. Since the dynamics of a spacecraft traveling between celestial bodies in our Solar System can be modeled with the CR3BP, the proposed geometric framework is suitable for preliminary trajectory planning for missions within the Solar System.Aerospace engineeringAstrophysicsApplied mathematicsAnalytic geometryCircular Restricted Three Body ProblemOrbital DynamicsTrajectory optimizationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9850z2tnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9850z2tn/qt9850z2tn.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55t2r7jp2026-06-16T06:39:30Zqt55t2r7jpOctopaminergic neuromodulation of Visual Processing and Behavior in Drosophila melanogasterPalacios Castillo, Lesly MariaFrye, Mark A2026-06-12Neuromodulatory systems do not simply broadcast a uniform signal across the brain. Rather, individual neuron subtypes within a modulatory population may exert distinct, circuit-specific effects on behavior, yet the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying this specificity remain poorly understood. Octopamine, the invertebrate analogue of norepinephrine, is well-positioned to address these questions, as it modulates a diverse array of neural circuits and behaviors across a genetically tractable model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a comprehensive library of split-GAL4 driver lines providing selective genetic access to nearly all long-range octopaminergic/tyraminergic (OA/TA) neuron types in the adult brain, establishing the toolkit that makes functional studies possible. Two-photon calcium imaging in quiescent flies is used to characterize the sensory responsiveness of AL2i2 neurons, an OA subtype whose optic lobe projections position it to modulate early visual processing. Results show that 2i2 neurons do not respond to appetitive olfactory stimuli or to visual stimuli in a stimulus-locked manner. This finding hints at a top-down modulatory role rather than direct sensory encoding.A combination of connectomics and optogenetic manipulation in virtual reality flight simulators are used to query whether AL2i subtypes exert dissociable, stimulus-specific modulatory effects on optomotor behavior. Connectome data revealed that AL2i1 synapse onto T4 and T5 direction-selective neurons, important for gaze stabilization, while AL2i2 synapse onto T3 omnidirectional feature detectors, important for object tracking behavior. Consistent with this architecture, activation of AL2i2 selectively enhances bar tracking performance and saccade rate without affecting optomotor responses, while silencing of AL2i1 modestly decreased wide-field gaze stabilization. These results establish that distinct OA subtypes can selectively modulate parallel visual processing streams in a connectivity-predictable manner. Together, these studies establish a new framework for understanding how small populations of aminergic neurons achieve functional specificity, and in turn provide insight on the noradrenergic system in vertebrates. Additionally, we extend the laboratory’s behavioral platforms to three collaborative studies probing how disruptions to developmental neural activity and synaptic organization affect adult visual flight. TrpGamma and SIFaR mutants, with decreased patterned stimulus-independent neural activity during pupal development, are assessed for optomotor reflexes. SIFaR mutants show no robust behavioral phenotype under the conditions tested, while TrpGamma mutants show an increased optomotor response gain. Neuroligin-4 knockdown in T4/T5 neurons, which disrupts the spatial localization of the GABA receptor Rdl at the dendrite base, show increased flight responses, suggesting that precise inhibitory localization contributes to the tuning of direction selectivity rather than its generation.NeurosciencesGeneticsPhysiologyBehavioral sciencesDrosophila melanogasterNeuromodulationOctopamineOptomotor behaviorSplit-Gal4Visual circuitsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55t2r7jphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt55t2r7jp/qt55t2r7jp.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4t63c6jk2026-06-16T06:39:25Zqt4t63c6jkLower Bounds in Communication Complexity: Quantum Advantage, Matrix Rank, and Direct SumStorozhenko, AndreiSherstov, Alexander A2026-06-12One of the central goals of theoretical computer science is to understand the intrinsic resources required for computation. This dissertation studies communication as such a resource: how several parties, each holding only part of the input, can jointly solve a computational problem with minimal communication, and how this cost changes in the presence of randomness, quantum information, or multiple independent instances. Communication complexity provides a clean mathematical framework for these questions and has deep connections to circuit lower bounds, query complexity, streaming algorithms, and data structures.The first part of the dissertation studies the power of quantum communication relative to classical randomized communication. We prove that there exist partial functions for which the gap between quantum and randomized communication complexity essentially matches the largest possible separation. The proof proceeds through the query model, where we first establish an optimal separation between bounded-error quantum and randomized query complexity, and then lift this separation to communication complexity.The second part determines the communication complexity of several fundamental linear algebra problems over finite fields. In particular, we give a tight characterization of the communication required to approximate matrix rank. We prove strong lower bounds for distinguishing matrices of two prescribed ranks, even for quantum protocols and even with exponentially small advantage over random guessing. We complement these lower bounds with matching upper bounds and extend the method to determinant, subspace sum, and subspace intersection.The third part studies linear algebra problems in stochastic streams, where an algorithm receives random samples from an unknown subspace over a finite field. We develop a self-contained framework for proving optimal memory-sample tradeoffs in this setting. For rank estimation, subspace membership, and subspace intersection, the resulting lower bounds show that an algorithm must either use quadratic memory or observe exponentially many samples.The final part concerns direct sum in deterministic communication complexity. The strong direct-sum conjecture asserts that solving ℓ independent instances of a total function should require ℓ times the communication needed for one instance. We revisit a recent interlacing-based construction and give the first correct proof showing that this intuition fails: there is a family of total functions fn and a constant α < 1 such that, for every ℓ ⩾ 4, we have D(f ℓ n ) ⩽ αℓ D(fn) for all sufficiently large n. Thus, solving the instances jointly can save a constant fraction of the communication required by the naive protocol, refuting the strong direct-sum conjecture for deterministic communication complexity on total functions. Computer scienceMathematicsApplied mathematicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t63c6jkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4t63c6jk/qt4t63c6jk.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20c9r7qb2026-06-16T06:39:20Zqt20c9r7qbStylistic Bodies: Racialized Gender, American Empire, and Performance in Millennial Cultural ProductionsDixon, Lynette MawoluMcMillan, Uri GGuzmán, Joshua J2026-06-12This study examines cultural productions from 1997–2004 to demonstrate the relationship between racialized embodiment, technology, and U.S. empire illuminated by the Y2K bug and the anxiety it produced at the turn of the millennium. Analyzing works by Missy Elliott, Erykah Badu, Kara Walker, and Kittie KaBoom, each chapter elucidates four strategies of performance or stylistic embodiments—glitch, lag, distortion, and bug(ging)—through which Black women navigate the entanglement of discourses about and representations of racialized gender with U.S. imperial power. In the first chapter, “Glitch,” I analyze the visual and sonic elements of Missy Elliott’s album Supa Dupa Fly (1997) to explore how her otherworldly aesthetics and unique mode of collaboration with other artists rupture mainstream paradigms of representation. Chapter 2, “Lag,” explores the phenomenology of time for Black femmes through a reading of Erykah Badu’s music video for “Didn’t Cha Know” (2001) with Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. I propose that lag names both the space/time of deferred freedom between slavery and full liberation, and the strategy Black femmes use to traverse that time. Chapter 3, entitled “Distortion,” examines Kara Walker’s short film Testimony: Narrative of a Negress Burdened by Good Intentions (2004) in which she deploys distortion to fracture legibility, limiting viewers’ ability to recognize the images and narratives she produces to crack open the processes by which we recognize and identify with and/or against racist iconography. Chapter 4, “Bug,” reads Black Entertainment Television’s show Cita’s World. I propose that Cita, a virtual reality video jockey voiced by actress Kittie Kaboom, persists as a bug (or contagion) in a 9/11 news archive that otherwise demonstrates how television stations mobilized discourse about national unity as a strategy for managing the nation's vulnerability after the attacks. The conclusion brings the conversation to 2018 with an analysis of Janelle Monáe’s album and “emotion picture” Dirty Computer, demonstrating how Black women and femmes continue to utilize the strategies I outline to glitch U.S. empire in its violent, contemporary instantiation.Gender studiesAfrican American studiespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20c9r7qbetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8gh4d6c22026-06-16T06:39:16Zqt8gh4d6c2Statistical methods for inference of demography and selection within and across speciesMah, Jonathan CharlesLohmueller, Kirk EGarud, Nandita2026-06-12Population demographic history and the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations are fundamental determinants of genetic diversity within and across species. Advances in high-throughput sequencing and population genomic methods have enabled increasingly detailed inference of these evolutionary processes; however, such inference remains sensitive to the statistical and technical properties of genomic datasets. Here, we investigate how these factors shape evolutionary inference across microbial and human populations using site-frequency spectrum (SFS) based approaches. First, we inferred demographic histories and DFEs for 39 prevalent commensal gut microbial species from North American human populations. Species displayed distinct demographic histories, including both expansions and contractions over timescales extending beyond human generations, with several inferred events coinciding with major transitions in human history. DFEs varied substantially among species, while comparisons between accessory and core genes suggest an important role for genetic drift in shaping selective effects. Second, we investigated how sample size influences demographic inference under simplified demographic models. Using simulated and empirical datasets characterized by an ancient bottleneck followed by recent expansion, inference under a two-epoch model systematically shifted with increasing sample size from signals of ancient contraction to signals of recent expansion. These shifts coincided with changes in singleton proportions and Tajima’s D, demonstrating that rare variants increasingly dominate inferred evolutionary signals as more individuals are sampled. Lastly, we examined whether distinct large-scale human genomic datasets yield consistent demographic and selective inferences when controlling for ancestry and sample size. Comparing the low-coverage 2013 release of the 1000 Genomes Project, the largely overlapping high-coverage re-sequenced 2020 release, and gnomAD, we found that differences in sequencing depth, variant calling, and rare variant ascertainment substantially altered inferred demographic histories and DFEs. Although all datasets recovered qualitatively similar demographic histories consisting of ancient contraction followed by recent expansion, the inferred magnitude and timing of expansion differed markedly among datasets, while inferred DFEs were visually similar yet statistically distinct. In sum, this work shows that evolutionary inference reflects a combination of biological processes, model assumptions, and technical limitations.BioinformaticsEvolution & developmentBiostatisticsDemographyGeneticsSelectionStatisticspubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gh4d6c2etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7wj0z1812026-06-16T06:39:11Zqt7wj0z181Numerical Analysis of Acoustically Coupled Combustion InstabilitiesBoranian, John EricKaragozian, Ann R2026-06-12This thesis presents a numerical investigation of acoustically coupled, non-premixed combustion dynamics in a coaxial methane-air laminar jet diffusion flame, replicating the experimental configurations of Vargas et al. (2025) and Hayrapetyan et al. (2025) at UCLA. Simulations are performed using the CELESTE compressible reacting-flow solver with two-step Westbrook-Dryer chemistry on a 1.32-million-cell grid. Buoyancy is implemented as a body-force source through the user-defined source interface, and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is the principal modal-analysis tool. The LAR-Thin coaxial burner is simulated at jet Reynolds number Re1 = 40 across three velocity ratios (R = 0, 0.11, 0.32) under unforced, pressure node (PN), and pressure antinode (PAN) excitation.The unforced flame produces a natural buoyancy-driven oscillation at an estimated frequency of fpk-tr ≈ 17.1 Hz, within the sinuous-mode band of Cetegen et al. (2000) and consistent with the lifted-laminar correlation of Won et al. (2000). With gravity, the peak volumetric heat release rate is intensified by a factor of 2.6 at essentially identical peak temperature, identifying buoyancy as a likely dominant baseline mechanism at this Reynolds number.Under acoustic excitation near the PN at 332 Hz, the simulated response exhibits three signatures of the experimentally observed periodic lift-off and reattachment (PLOR) cycle: a low-frequency lobe dominating leading POD modes, a coherent slow envelope in the 10–20 Hz band, and closed lens-shaped limit cycles. At R = 0.11, the simulation matches the experimental modal-energy distribution to within 0.5 percentage points on E1 + E2 (52.6% for the simulation vs. 52.2% in the experiments), a direct quantitative validation.Under acoustic excitation at the PAN at 134 Hz, the very low-frequency mode is strongly attenuated and modal energy concentrates onto the forcing fundamental (E1+E2 = 75–83%), placing the response in the sustained oscillatory combustion (SOC) regime of Hayrapetyan et al. (2025). The contrasting role of velocity ratio R—stabilizing at PN but destabilizing at PAN—is reproduced in the simulations. Geometrically, PAN excitation co-aligned with buoyancy suppresses the slow oscillation while PN excitation acts orthogonally and only modulates it, supporting the interpretation of PLOR as natural buoyancy-driven flickering of the small-diameter low-Reynolds-number flame.Aerospace engineeringComputational physicsAcousticsAcousticsComputationalCoupledDynamicsFlameInstabilitiesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wj0z181https://escholarship.org/content/qt7wj0z181/qt7wj0z181.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4nn2v4wv2026-06-16T06:39:05Zqt4nn2v4wvTreponema denticola’s Virulence Factor, Dentilisin, Mediates Alveolar Bone Loss and the Therapeutic Effects of NisinGeng, JiaxinHernandez-Kapila, Yvonne YLKRadaic, Allan2026-06-12Periodontal disease is a major public health concern, affecting approximately 30% of adults in the United States. Severe periodontitis lesions often contain high proportions of spirochetes, including Treponema denticola. However, the extent to which T. denticola and its virulence factor, dentilisin, contributes to periodontal disease-associated alveolar bone loss and periodontal tissue changes remains incompletely understood. Dentilisin is a major outer membrane protease complex of T. denticola that can directly degrade extracellular matrix-related substrates and amplify host matrix metalloproteinase activity, suggesting that dentilisin may be a key driver of periodontal tissue destruction. Comparison of wild-type and dentilisin-mutant T. denticola provides a strategy to determine whether T. denticola-associated periodontal microarchitectural changes are dentilisin-dependent. Furthermore, biological sex is increasingly recognized as an important variable in periodontal disease, yet its contribution to T. denticola-associated periodontal tissue changes remains unclear. Nisin is a naturally occurring broad-spectrum bacteriocin that has been shown to inhibit several periodontal pathogens, including T. denticola and bone loss in mouse models of periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of wild-type T. denticola mono-infection, infection with a T. denticola dentilisin-mutant, nisin treatment, and sex on periodontal bone microarchitecture in a mouse model using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). A periodontal disease mouse model was established using six-week-old wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Male and female mice were assigned to six experimental groups: control, wild-type T. denticola infection, nisin only, wild-type T. denticola infection plus nisin, dentilisin-mutant T. denticola infection, and dentilisin-mutant T. denticola infection plus nisin. Infection groups were orally inoculated with 12.5 μL of T. denticola suspension containing a total of 1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL, four days per week for eight weeks. Control mice were sham-inoculated with carrier solution. Nisin-treated groups received daily oral gavage of nisin for the duration of the experiment. At the endpoint, 24 mouse mandibles were harvested, stored individually in sterile 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes, and imaged using micro-CT. Three dimensional (3D) reconstructed datasets were analyzed to evaluate alveolar bone microarchitectural parameters. Data were compared using Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference post-hoc test. Micro-CT analyses demonstrated treatment-associated differences in bone density and periodontal ligament widening, with outcomes expressed as fold-change relative to control. Wild-type T. denticola infection established a periodontal disease-associated phenotype, characterized by decreased bone density to 0.757 ± 0.242-fold in males and 0.758 ± 0.176-fold in females compared to controls, and increasing periodontal ligament width to 1.536 ± 0.689-fold in males and 1.581 ± 0.586-fold in females compared to controls. Nisin treatment mitigated these infection-associated changes, increasing bone density to 1.220 ± 0.103-fold in males and 1.007 ± 0.036-fold in females, and reducing periodontal ligament widening to 0.801 ± 0.077-fold in males and 0.956 ± 0.079-fold in females. In contrast, infection with the T. denticola dentilisin-mutant showed significantly higher bone density than infection with the wild-type T. denticola in males and females, respectively, 1.068 ± 0.123-fold versus 0.757 ± 0.242-fold and 1.044 ± 0.063-fold versus 0.758 ± 0.176-fold, and lower periodontal ligament widening, 0.952 ± 0.081-fold versus 1.536 ± 0.689-fold and 0.951 ± 0.138-fold versus 1.581 ± 0.586-fold, with outcomes similar to control levels. Sex had a statistically significant but limited effect on bone density, accounting for 3.3% of total variance by two-way ANOVA, but sex did not significantly affect periodontal ligament width changes. These findings indicate that T. denticola infection mediates alterations in periodontal ligament and bone microarchitecture in a mouse model, with dentilisin playing a significant role in this pathogenesis. Nisin treatment abrogates T. denticola-associated bone changes, although further analysis is necessary to determine the mechanism by which nisin mitigates these effect. Sex contributed modestly to bone-density variance but did not significantly affect periodontal ligament width changes.DentistryMicrobiologyBiologyDentilisinNisinTreponema DenticolapubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nn2v4wvetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt89j1d8162026-06-16T06:39:00Zqt89j1d816Advancing Atmospheric and Wildfire Science Education Through a Visual Science Communication FrameworkPetrusevski, Cameron ColeBaijnath-Rodino, Janine A.Bortnik, Jacob2026-06-12Atmospheric and wildfire science can be difficult for non-expert audiences to interpret when communicated primarily through technical language, static figures, or traditional lecture-based instruction. This thesis develops, documents, and evaluates jibber JABR, a multimedia science communication framework for atmospheric and wildfire education grounded in scientific accuracy, narrative structure, visual explanation, conversational accessibility, and classroom integration. Season One episodes translated topics including Southern California fire weather, Santa Ana winds, prescribed fire, biome-level fire danger, and wildfire vulnerability through interviews, narration, motion graphics, animations, and real-world examples. Episodes were integrated into UCLA general education Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences courses through homework, laboratory, discussion, and reflection assignments. Student feedback, episode-linked performance, and platform analytics suggest students valued the framework’s visuals, conversational tone, concise pacing, and real-world relevance, with nearly 90% of AOS 3 respondents rating the videos as helpful or very helpful.Atmospheric sciencesScience educationFilm studiesInformation technologyMeteorologyGeoscience EducationMeteorologyMultimedia LearningScience CommunicationVisual StorytellingWildfire Scienceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/89j1d816https://escholarship.org/content/qt89j1d816/qt89j1d816.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0bg1r52q2026-06-16T06:38:55Zqt0bg1r52qImpact of Sleep Health on Mortality with Blood Pressure Variability and Race as Effect ModifiersLee, HyunyongZhang, Zuo-Feng2026-06-12Background: While sleep duration is a known determinant of cardiometabolic health, the impact of Multidimensional Sleep Health (MDSH) and its interaction with cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure variability (BPV) and race/ethnicity remain understudied. This study evaluated the prospective association between MDSH and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, exploring BPV and race/ethnicity as potential effect modifiers.Methods: Data from 10,279 adults (representing ~180 million U.S. adults) in the NHANES 2005–2008 and 2015–2018 cycles were linked to National Center for Health Statistics mortality data through 2020. A composite MDSH score was constructed across four domains (duration, latency, disordered sleep symptoms, and daytime sleepiness) and categorized as ideal (4), moderate (2–3), or poor (0–1). BPV was calculated as the standard deviation of three systolic readings and split into tertiles. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for major demographic and clinical covariates. Results: Over the follow-up period, poor MDSH significantly predicted a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to ideal MDSH (HR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.37–4.45, p = 0.031). Among individual domains, daytime sleepiness was the strongest predictor for both all-cause (HR = 1.48) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.71). BPV significantly modified the relationship: poor MDSH was tied to a higher risk of all-cause mortality specifically among those in the highest BPV tertile (HR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.07–8.53, p = 0.038), with a visible dose-response trend across BPV intensity (p for trend = 0.055). Race/ethnicity also modified outcomes: poor MDSH predicted increased cardiovascular mortality in Non-Hispanic Black participants (HR = 2.17, p = 0.035), whereas Hispanic participants exhibited an inverse "Hispanic Paradox" trend. Conclusion: Suboptimal multidimensional sleep health is an independent risk factor for long-term all-cause mortality, an effect meaningfully amplified by elevated short-term blood pressure variability. These findings underscore the importance of integrated public health strategies targeting both comprehensive sleep optimization and blood pressure stability, particularly within vulnerable subgroups.EpidemiologyPublic healthHealth sciencesBiostatisticsblood pressure variabilityEffect ModifierMortalityMultidimensional Sleep Healthrace/ethnicityapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bg1r52qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0bg1r52q/qt0bg1r52q.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt16s4v7072026-06-16T06:38:51Zqt16s4v707Surface Change on Modern Mars as a Record of Atmospheric DriversWidmer, Jacob MichaelDay, Mackenzie D2026-06-12Planetary surfaces preserve an abundance of information about the geologic and climatic conditions in which they were formed. The surface of modern Mars is dry and cold, yet new
landforms are constantly evolving. Much of Mars’ present-day activity is driven by atmospheric
processes related to ice or wind, but direct measurement of these processes at the landform-scale
has proven difficult to acquire. However, by using remote sensing to quantify surface change and
infer cryo- and aeolian-drivers, Mars’ surface provides a physical record of atmospheric activity
on modern Mars. Each chapter described in this dissertation demonstrates how surface change
records fluctuations in the atmosphere, within the present-day climate. To investigate surface
atmosphere interactions at many spatial and temporal scales, this work includes: 1) multi-year
variations in seasonal frost extent as the result of atmospheric heating and volatile availability, 2)
dune-ice appearance as the result of volatile availability in the near-surface atmosphere, and 3)
rover track erasure as the result of surface wind intensity and local regolith properties. Together, these investigations illuminate atmospheric processes that help drive the present-day martian
climate.GeomorphologyGeologyAeolian ActivityMarsSeasonal IceSurface Changeapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/16s4v707https://escholarship.org/content/qt16s4v707/qt16s4v707.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt46x5f3f62026-06-16T06:38:45Zqt46x5f3f6Advancements in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser DesignShahili, MohammadWilliams, Benjamin S2026-06-12Terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are promising semiconductor sources for spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing applications, but their performance is strongly limited at higher frequencies due to increasing material absorption and optical losses, particularly in the 5–6 THz range near the GaAs/AlGaAs Reststrahlen band. This thesis investigates device design strategies to extend the operating frequency, improve thermal performance, and enhance efficiency of THz QCLs through combined theoretical modeling and experimental implementation. First, high-frequency THz QCLs are developed through systematic optimization of the active region and waveguide design. Device performance is analyzed using nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) transport modeling and guided by loss engineering in the waveguide. These efforts result in continuous-wave (CW) lasing up to 5.7 THz, representing a record CW operating frequency for THz QCLs at the time of demonstration. Further optimization enables GaAs/AlGaAs QCL emission beyond 6 THz, reaching up to 6.6 THz, the highest reported frequency for this material system. These results identify dominant optical and electrical loss mechanisms at high frequency and provide design constraints for further scaling. To address thermal limitations, a “split-well” active region design is investigated to suppress parasitic carrier scattering and improve carrier transport selectivity. Devices are characterized experimentally and show improved characteristic temperature compared to conventional designs, indicating reduced performance degradation with increasing temperature. Although room-temperature operation is not achieved, the results validate the underlying design approach and provide a pathway toward thermally robust THzQCLs. In addition to ridge-waveguide QCLs, surface-emitting and external-cavity architectures based on quantum-cascade metasurfaces are developed to improve beam quality and enable frequency tuning in the high-frequency THz regime. These devices demonstrate stable single-mode emission and broad tunability in the 5–6 THz range, while maintaining high
quality far-field profiles. The results establish design guidelines for reducing parasitic optical losses and improving scalability of metasurface-based THz sources. Finally, an all-dielectric high-contrast grating output coupler is demonstrated for THz QCLs in an external-cavity configuration. This represents the first implementation of such a grating-based output coupling scheme in the THz regime. By eliminating absorption losses associated with metallic output couplers, this approach improves device efficiency while maintaining comparable operating temperature and threshold characteristics. Overall, this work advances the state of the art in THz semiconductor lasers by extending operating frequency, improving thermal stability, and enhancing optical efficiency. The results provide both new device architectures and practical design guidelines for realizing higher-performance THz QCLs for future applications in spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing.Electrical engineeringComputer engineeringEngineeringpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/46x5f3f6etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt41c0w2362026-06-16T06:38:39Zqt41c0w236Toward Autonomous Dental Robotics: From Design Optimization to Learning-based Planning and ControlYoon, HanbyeolRosen, Jacob2026-06-12Robotics in dentistry has significant potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of restorative dental procedures such as caries removal and tooth preparation. However, several challenges must be addressed to achieve robotic automation in restorative dentistry. At the design stage, careful optimization of the manipulator link lengths and base pose is required to enable dexterous tool motion around the target tooth within the constrained intraoral workspace, while keeping the robot size and footprint compatible with the limited space of a dental clinic. At the path planning stage, a sophisticated path planning method is needed to balance the competing objectives of complete caries removal and preservation of healthy tooth structure. During execution, safe robotic operation requires not only accurate following of a preplanned path, but also adaptive control of the feed rate, since excessive cutting speed can result in high tool–tooth interaction forces that may compromise preparation quality and thermal safety.This dissertation focuses on robotic automation for restorative dental procedures by addressing these three core technical challenges: robot design, path planning and control. First, a design optimization framework is proposed to determine the link lengths and base pose of a dental robotic system. The optimized design enables dexterous tool motion around target teeth while maintaining a compact configuration. Second, a robotic path planning method is developed for minimally invasive caries removal. The proposed method combines a geometry-based artificial potential field planner with residual reinforcement learning to improve minimally invasive performance under safety constraints. Third, a force-aware control method is developed to adapt the robot's cutting speed during tooth preparation and caries removal. The proposed controller incorporates an online learning-based force prediction model into a model predictive contouring control framework to prevent excessive cutting force while maintaining accurate path following. Each method is evaluated through simulation and real-world robotic experiments.Together, these contributions provide a step toward autonomous dental robotics by addressing key challenges in robot design, path planning, and force-aware control for safe and accurate robotic restorative dental procedures.Mechanical engineeringArtificial intelligenceRoboticsDental RoboticsDesign OptimizationModel Predictive ControlReinforcement LearningpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/41c0w236etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1p46458z2026-06-16T06:38:34Zqt1p46458zElucidating Novel Mechanisms Regulating Cellular Proliferation and Stress ResponseAbdusamad, MaiTorres, Jorge2026-06-12Cell cycle progression is a complex process that is tightly regulated by a sequence of events and protein-protein interactions. The activity of key regulatory proteins is further fine-tuned by post-translational modifications. Determining which proteins are modified, the enzymes responsible, and the functional consequences of these modifications has been central to uncovering how cells orchestrate accurate cell cycle progression. In this thesis, I present various aspects of these post-translational modifications, as well as how organelle integrity and chemical perturbations influence cell cycle progression, to uncover novel mechanisms coordinating accurate cell division. First, I discuss the phosphatase DUSP12 and its role in cell division and apoptosis. Next, I characterize the RNA exonuclease REXO4 as a novel cell cycle regulator in cancer cells. Next, I discuss the Cul3 substrate adaptor SPOP and its role in regulation of Nup153. Finally, I discuss how a microtubule-targeting agent, MI-181, enhances ciliation and restores cilia length in patient-derived fibroblast cells with ciliopathies. Together, this work provides novel insights into the mechanisms that regulate cell cycle progression, revealing how RNA processing, protein turnover, organelle integrity, and mitotic machinery collectively ensure proper cell division—highlighting potential vulnerabilities that can be leveraged for cancer therapy.Cellular biologyBiomedical engineeringBiologyOncologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p46458zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1p46458z/qt1p46458z.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2rz5x8m42026-06-16T06:38:29Zqt2rz5x8m4PFAS Contamination in Residential Soils After the 2025 Los Angeles WildfiresFinnegan, Maxwell ThomasMohanty, Sanjay K2026-06-12Wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires can generate chemically complex residues by combusting vegetation together with residential structures, vehicles, electronics, treated materials, plastics, textiles, and household products. Although post-fire studies have increasingly examined metals and other combustion-derived contaminants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in WUI fire-impacted residential soils remain poorly characterized. This study quantified PFAS concentrations in soils and debris collected after the 2025 Los Angeles fires in Pacific Palisades and Altadena and evaluated differences among debris, burned-property soils, standing-home soils, scraped and unscraped areas, and fire-impacted communities. PFAS were detected in all analyzed soil and debris samples (n = 119). Total PFAS concentrations ranged from 0.150–28.130 µg/kg in Altadena soils (n = 50), 0.220–34.883 µg/kg in Palisades soils (n = 49), and 0.186–60.473 µg/kg in debris (n = 20), with median concentrations of 3.394, 4.338, and 1.116 µg/kg, respectively. In this study debris had lower total PFAS concentration than the soils, suggesting PFAS were either partially destroyed or leached out of debris into surrounding soils by wind and water. PFAS composition also differed by matrix, with soils more strongly dominated by carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, while debris showed greater relative contributions from precursor-associated compounds and fluorotelomer sulfonates. Surface scraping significantly lowered total PFAS concentrations (p = 0.000186), indicating that removal of ash, debris, and near-surface soil reduced residual PFAS burdens. Standing-home soils had comparable or slightly higher concentrations than burned-property soils, suggesting that PFAS occurrence was not limited to parcels with complete structural loss. Total PFAS was positively correlated with selected trace metals, including Ag, Cd, and Pb, but correlations were generally weak to moderate, indicating that metals, including lead, are not reliable proxies for PFAS contamination. Overall, these results show that PFAS are present in post-WUI-fire residential environments and should be considered in post-fire soil assessment frameworks, particularly where ash deposition, synthetic materials, and structural debris may contribute to persistent mixed-contaminant exposure.Environmental engineeringSoil sciencesEnvironmental healthpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rz5x8m4etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3qq696rv2026-06-16T06:38:24Zqt3qq696rvDesigns for mm‑Wave Frequency Synthesis: BiCMOS Integer-N Sub-Sampling PLLs to CMOS Direct Carrier Fractional SynthesizersChen, ChristopherChang, Mau-Chung Frank2026-06-12With Moore’s Law approaching its limit, relying solely on CMOS scaling to achieve improved energy efficiency, wideband millimeter‑wave (mm‑Wave) performance, and higher integration levels may not be feasible. BiCMOS technologies offer a unique solution, integrating easily scalable CMOS devices with higher ft/fmax heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The HBT, with its high power handling capabilities and low flicker noise, is attractive for voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) designs, while the CMOS devices are favored for their low power digital logic capabilities. Two BiCMOS integer-N sub-sampling PLLs (SS-PLLs) are presented, leveraging the high performance HBT to design a low noise fundamental mm‑Wave VCO while the high-speed CMOS enables the SS-PLL to directly sample the mm‑Wave output, eliminating the noise amplification of the charge pump, the divider noise, and divider power during the locked state.The main constraint of SS-PLLs is that the VCO must be an integer multiple of the sampling reference clock, but most systems require finer frequency resolution than can be achieved with an integer-N PLL. Fractional-N PLLs achieve this fine resolution using a delta-sigma modulator (DSM), providing a pseudo-random sequence to the multi-modulus divider (MMD) to achieve a non-integer average division ratio; however, because of the large multiplication factor in mm‑Wave PLLs (N=f_out/f_in), the reference frequency noise, in-band spurs, and quantization noise from the fractional divider experience a large amplification at the output. To overcome this challenge, a CMOS direct carrier fractional synthesizer architecture is proposed, removing the DSM controlling the MMD division ratio. Instead, it utilizes a DiCAD-enabled (Digital Controlled Artificial Dielectric) digital-to-phase modulator (DTPM) at the mm‑Wave carrier frequency (before the MMD) to achieve a variable time delay, and thus, a frequency-dependent variable phase shift. Approximated as a cascaded segment of inductor and switched capacitor elements, the DiCAD can provide monotonic and linear phase control with sub-50fs time resolution. By dynamically adjusting this time delay, the DiCAD-based modulator can effectively achieve a frequency translation with a fine frequency step resolution. In summary, these works can be further extended to higher frequencies, where the HBT RF/noise performance is superior and the DiCAD is scalable for fractional frequency synthesis applications.Electrical engineeringEngineeringComputer engineeringBiCMOSDigital Controlled Artificial Dielectric (DiCAD)Direct Carrier Fractional SynthesizersMillimeter-wave (mm-Wave)Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)Sub-Sampling PLL (SS-PLL)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qq696rvetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt39d996hg2026-06-16T06:38:19Zqt39d996hgRenart, the Fox, on Trial for Renardie: Moral Excess, Treason, and Physiognomy in the Roman de Renart through a Global LensMiller, JodieStahuljak, Zrinka2026-06-12This dissertation interrogates the moral-legal, political, and physiognomic dimensions of treasonous behavior in the literary trial scenes of Renart, the fox, and Dimna, the jackal. The trial of Renart is a recurring motif in the Roman de Renart, an Old French literary cycle composed between the late-twelfth and the mid-thirteenth centuries. The trial of Dimna comes from the Kalila and Dimna fable compilation, a work of world literature dating back to Antiquity. I place my focus specifically on the Classical Persian translation of the fables carried out by Nasrallah Munshi in the sixth/twelfth century. This version of the fables is written approximately thirty years before the first sections, or branches, of the Roman de Renart.
This dissertation carries out a thematic comparison in its analysis, centered on the potential for indirect contact between the Roman de Renart and Kalila and Dimna during the translation movement of the fifth to seventh/eleventh to thirteenth centuries. Both works are composed at approximately the midpoint of this movement, and the trial scenes reflect the larger circulation and transmission of knowledge across the Mediterranean through their engagement with moral, legal, and political themes. The first part of the dissertation examines the treasonous behavior of Renart, particularly the concept of renardie, a term coined by the authors of the Roman de Renart to describe his foxishly deceitful, immoral, and criminal actions. In three chapters, I show that renardie is closely connected to deceit and the notion of excess as sin, that it is determined to be treason at the court of law, and that it carries the physiognomic and anti-chivalric marker of reddish fur. The second part of the dissertation adopts a comparative approach to draw parallels between the trial scenes of Renart and Dimna through the portrayal of excessive behavior, treasonous actions, and the juridical use of physiognomy. Akin to renardie, Dimna’s behavior subverts the idealized figure of the javanmard in Classical Persian literature. His trial likewise suggests that the political crime of treason is a moral and physiognomic concern.
Overall, this dissertation argues that the trial scenes provide evidence of indirect contact through the intellectual exchanges and social transformations associated with the translation movement. I identify various means of potential indirect contact, including legal practice, the circulation of ethical and scientific texts, and the migration of Kalila and Dimna across the Mediterranean into medieval Europe. I argue that the trials of Renart and Dimna function as literary staging areas in which moral norms and behaviors are negotiated and articulated, particularly through the moralization of excess and deceit. Both traditions advance the idea that treason is an outcome of excess and deceit, and that it is visible through physical markers on the body.LiteratureFrench literatureexcessfoxglobalRenarttreasontrialpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/39d996hgetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7v0905p52026-06-16T06:38:14Zqt7v0905p5Social sampling, attitude change, and group dynamicsLinford, BryceLu, Hongjing2026-06-12This dissertation investigates how social information shapes decisions, political attitudes, and the language people use to justify their beliefs. Across three chapters containing multiple experiments, the present research examines the cognitive and social processes through which individuals sample information from their social environments, shift their attitudes in response to the views of others, and converge in the linguistic structure of political reasoning. Drawing on theories of social influence, social sampling, and motivated reasoning, the dissertation proposes that political attitudes are dynamically shaped by socially available information rather than solely by stable internal beliefs. Chapter 1 examines how individuals mentally represent their social environments and rely on social sampling processes when making judgments about online and offline activities. These studies explore the structure of perceived social circles and the role of socially retrieved information in guiding judgments and decisions. Chapter 2 investigates the extent to which exposure to others’ political attitudes produces attitude change. Across experiments involving both passive exposure to group-level distributions and simulated online social interactions, participants consistently shifted their attitudes in the direction of the attitudes they observed. These effects also influenced social and attitudinal coherence, suggesting that exposure to socially congruent information promotes ideological alignment within groups. Chapter 3 examines the language and justifications individuals use to support their political beliefs. Using similarity analyses of participants’ written explanations, the findings demonstrate that individuals within ideological groups converge not only in their attitudes, but also in the semantic and conceptual structure of their political reasoning.PsychologyCognitive psychologyExperimental psychologySocial psychologyAttitudesDecision makingPersuasionSocial samplingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v0905p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt7v0905p5/qt7v0905p5.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt293562w42026-06-16T06:38:09Zqt293562w4New Horror as Feeling: Space, Subjectivity, and the Social in Chinese Digital FictionChu, ChuBerry, Michael2026-06-12This thesis examines “new horror” as an emergent affective formation in contemporary Chinese digital fiction and online popular narratives. Rather than treating it as a continuation of traditional horror narratives taken up by ghosts, supernatural beings, or graphic violence, this thesis argues that new horror legitimizes a suppressed genre long stigmatized by discourses of sensory excess and superstition through its entanglement with fantasies of space. By examining adjacent popular genres, including Backrooms fiction, rule-based weird fiction, and Infinite Flow novels, this thesis attempts to answer how these writing forms and fantasies of space refract social realities that official discourse cannot accommodate. New horror inaugurates what this thesis calls a mixture of feelings, a diffuse feeling without a fixed object, folding together anxiety, nostalgia, longing, and dread into a shared emotional grammar shaped by spatial experience and rules, entangled with discussions of gender and subjectivity. In so doing, this thesis suggests that capturing horror as a negative, unspecified affect offers visibility into transformations in social consciousness within contemporary Chinese youth culture that remain incomprehensible, opening alternative ways of imagining the present and futurities.East Asian studiesChinese literatureChinese Online LiteratureChinese popular cultureHorrorSpaceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/293562w4https://escholarship.org/content/qt293562w4/qt293562w4.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt34t4h3102026-06-16T06:38:04Zqt34t4h310Piloting a Nurse Practitioner-led Program to Treat Supragastric BelchingClarke, MaryMacey, Paul M2026-06-12Background: Supragastric belching (SGB) is a behavioral disorder characterized by repetitive inflow and expulsion of air from the esophagus without gastric involvement, resulting in significant symptom burden and impaired quality of life. While SGB accounts for approximately 3.4% of referrals to tertiary gastroenterology (GI) centers, it remains underrecognized, with inconsistent management due to limited standardization of behavioral treatment approaches. Prior evidence supports psychoeducation and diaphragmatic breathing as effective in first-line therapies; however, these interventions are underutilized and not routinely implemented in clinical practices. Objectives: This quality improvement project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a GI nurse practitioner (NP)-led behavioral intervention, comprising psychoeducation and training in breathing techniques in reducing symptom burden among adults with SGB., since NPs are well positioned to lead a treatment protocol given their accessibility to patients, emphasis on education and play a central role in delivering ongoing, evidence-based treatment. Methods: This quality improvement project used a quasi-experimental, single-group pre-post design to evaluate a NP-led behavioral intervention for adults with SGB in a GI clinic. The intervention consisted of a 10-15 minute psychoeducation session addressing the behavioral mechanisms of SGB and training in diaphragmatic breathing, with brief reinforcement sessions at weeks 4 and 8. Of the 21 patients screened, 12 were eligible, seven enrolled and five completed the intervention. Symptom burden was assessed at baseline, week 4 and week 8 using a 100 point visual analog scale (VAS) across four symptom domains. Results: Three of five participants achieved clinically meaningful response by week 4 (30% or greater reduction in symptom burden), with improvements sustained through week 8. A reduction in symptom burden was observed across all participants over the 8-week intervention period. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that a NP-led behavioral intervention is feasible and deliverable for adults with SGB in a GI clinic setting. Early response at week 4 may serve as a clinically meaningful indicator of sustained treatment benefit. Further investigation in larger populations is needed to evaluate effectiveness and identify patients most likely to benefit. In summary, brief, low-resource NP-led intervention for SGB may improve patient outcomes, reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing, and provide a scalable model for implementation across GI providers.NursingMedicineTherapyBehavioral psychologyBelchingDiaphragmatic breathingSupragastric belchingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/34t4h310https://escholarship.org/content/qt34t4h310/qt34t4h310.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt64c1q9kp2026-06-16T06:38:00Zqt64c1q9kpThe Construction and Collapse of Heterotopia: The Three Layers of Pleasure in Chinese Esports Danmei FictionChen, NuoBerry, Michael2026-06-12This paper examines Chinese online game fiction (wangyouxiaoshuo), with a particular focus on esports danmei fiction as a subgenre, exploring how it constructs narrative pleasure, seeks creative space within the constraints of government censorship, and engages deeply with the cultural ecosystem of online gaming and fandom in mainland China. Drawing on Marie-Laure Ryan's theories of ludic immersion and mimetic immersion, as well as Michel Foucault's concept of heterotopia, the thesis argues that esports danmei fiction generates three layers of pleasure for its readers: the pleasure of playing the game, the pleasure of triumph in professional esports competition, and the emotional satisfaction derived from the romantic narrative between protagonists.The paper begins by tracing the development of video games and online literature in China, before offering a systematic overview of online game fiction genres, distinguishing between keyboard-based online game fiction, full-dive virtual reality fiction, esports fiction, and "Fourth Calamity" fiction. The second chapter takes The King's Avatar and I Can Do It as its primary examples, analyzing how esports danmei fiction reconstructs the immersive experience of gaming at the textual level by simulating game interfaces, reproducing in-game social interactions, and recreating the atmosphere of live streaming and professional competition. The third chapter focuses on the controversy surrounding the esports danmei fiction writer Jiang Zi Bei, examining the accusations of rong geng (creative appropriation) levelled against her work by Chinese gaming and esports fan communities. The thesis argues that when the “heterotopia” constructed by esports danmei fiction overlaps too closely with real individuals and events, the heterotopic distance that such fiction typically relies upon begins to collapse, and the narrative is pulled back into real-world cultural disputes and conflicts within fandom.LiteratureFilm studiesEast Asian studiesdanmeiesport fictionFandom StudiespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/64c1q9kpetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7z16q5xc2026-06-16T06:37:54Zqt7z16q5xcSystem Technology Co-optimization for Chiplet SystemsGraening, Alexander PhillipGupta, Puneet2026-06-12Chiplet-based architectures offer unprecedented flexibility for high-performance computing but introduce a vast configuration space. This research develops tools for optimizing chiplet systems across six primary areas.
The first area, system representation and cost modeling, introduces a framework for an open-source tool and versatile cost-performance framework. This facilitates early exploration of critical parameters, including chiplet count, technology nodes, etc. Case studies demonstrate that due to the yield versus assembly cost tradeoff, it is possible to find a "cost optimal" chiplet size. This highlights that chiplets primarily show a cost benefit for very large SoCs.
The second area extends our STCO framework to include power delivery and thermal. We analyze the performance impacts of power delivery configurations and thermal stack configurations.
The third area, Chiplet Partitioning, features ChipletPart, a manufacturing cost-driven 2.5D system partitioner. ChipletPart addresses complex objective functions, limited inter-chiplet I/O reach, and heterogeneous technology assignment, achieving cost reductions of up to 58% compared to state-of-the-art min-cut partitioners and 47% over prior work like Floorplet.
The fourth area, I/O Planning, focuses on novel algorithms for comprehensive inter-chiplet communication interface placement and routing. This research addresses ESD, reach, and yield using fixed I/O libraries.
The fifth area is assembly order optimization. Since chiplets break a design into multiple chiplets with various costs and yields, the order in which chiplets are assembled can have a significant impact on overall cost.
The sixth area includes our 3Dblox contributions. We proposed improvements to the 3Dblox standard that have been adopted and developed a converter to translate between 3Dblox and the CATCH format used in this work, along with a set of test cases to allow for easier development with 3Dblox.
Collectively, this research delivers integrated methodologies to empower designers in making informed, high-impact decisions for next-generation chiplet-based systems, from architectural exploration to physical planning. In addition to the tools and studies developed in this work, it provides a framework to facilitate future early design cross-stack tools and optimizations.Computer engineeringElectrical engineeringEngineeringRoboticsChipletsCost ModelingPartitioningSystem Technology Co-optimizationpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z16q5xcetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt238052d92026-06-16T06:37:49Zqt238052d9Development of an Enhanced Vertical Flow Assay Platform with Applications in Diabetes, Tick-Borne Disease, and Food Allergy DiagnosticsSantos, Cristian Miko YadaoDi Carlo, Dino2026-06-12Centralized lab testing suffers from long turnaround times and reporting logistics that hinder immediate care changes for patients. These delays can inhibit the ability to intervene early and prevent patients from progressing to later stages of disease that may ultimately be more difficult to treat. Delay in treatment can lead to overall increased medical costs by requiring more intensive treatment options. However, paper-based diagnostics that enable same-day results with low cost of goods may enable more rapid treatment options that lead to improved outcomes while maintaining low cost. The paper-based lateral flow assay, commonly used for viral infections like COVID-19 offer a rapid diagnostic platform, but often struggle with the multiplexed detection of biomarkers to detect more complex conditions like type 1 diabetes, TBDs or allergies. This leaves a gap in the current health system that can be filled with rapid multiplexed detection of several biomarkers for rapid treatment. Here, I report work on developing the vertical flow assay (VFA) for type 1 diabetes (T1D), tick-borne diseases (TBD), and peanut allergies. For T1D and TBD, I contributed to developing improved multiplexing capabilities to detect several antigens or antibodies with new assay parameters and sensing membrane designs. Regarding peanut allergies, I performed literature research and proof-of-concept testing for a risk assessment and oral immune therapy co-diagnostic test. Altogether, this work enables future applications of the vertical flow assay as a point-of-care multiplexed paper-based diagnostic tool.BioengineeringBiostatisticsBioinformaticsAllergiesDiabetesDiagnosticsImmune AssayPoint-of-CareTick Borne DiseasespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/238052d9etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4448p48f2026-06-16T06:37:44Zqt4448p48fSensory Value and Decision Trajectories: The Influence of Aesthetic and Instrumental Sensory Value on Choices and Task EngagementQuintero, Saul IvanShams, Ladan2026-06-12Being able to adaptively and flexibly engage with our environment requires mechanisms for evaluating the resources, relations, affordances and harms present around us. Evidence from empirical aesthetics suggests that physical sensory properties such as color, sound, texture and complexity systematically influence how observers evaluate information and how they assign value to stimuli in their environment. Past research has examined how sensory signals acquire hedonic value, how preferences emerge, and how preferences change over time. However, relatively few studies have directly examined how experimentally manipulating the value of sensory rewards influences decision making in controlled settings. Existing evidence suggests that rewarding sensory cues can bias behavior in domains ranging from gambling and gaming to consumer decision making, however it remains unclear whether sensory rewards can independently sustain engagement, whether their effects persist under different choice constraints, whether they influence trial-by-trial value learning, whether they contribute to the emergence of feedback insensitive behavior over time, how different sensory modalities may have differential rewarding impact.Therefore, I aimed to address several unresolved questions concerning the relationship between sensory value and decision making. In Study 1, participants freely selected among simple psychophysical tasks that were paired with validated positive, negative, or no audiovisual feedback. Across multiple versions of the paradigm and stimulus set, negatively reinforced activities were consistently avoided, while positively reinforced activities were selected more frequently or engaged with for longer periods of time depending on the stimulus configuration, suggesting that sensory feedback can influence behavioral allocation even in the absence of incentives classically used in instrumental paradigms including money, points, or food. Stimulus validation and feature extraction analyses further suggested that sensory value was related to perceptual features such as visual abruptness, motion energy, and auditory uncertainty. In Study 2, I examined whether these effects persist under constrained choice conditions using a forced-choice version of the task with defined decision epochs. Participants showed increased selection of positive tasks, decreased selection of negative tasks, and condition-specific transition patterns, while reaction time effects primarily reflected general speeding across sessions. Our value tracking reinforcement learning model generally provided stronger fits than repitition-based and random-choice alternatives, suggesting that participants tracked and updated the sensory value of available options over time. In Study 3, participants completed the same task across seven sessions to assess whether repeated sensory reinforcement produced persistent feedback insensitive behavioral tendencies. Although value learning was most evident after feedback was introduced, later sessions were increasingly captured by repetition-biases, and preferences for previously rewarded activities remained detectable after rewards were removed. Finally, in Study 4, I compared auditory, visual, and audiovisual rewards directly. Auditory rewards were preferred over visual rewards, whereas audiovisual rewards were preferred over auditory rewards in a separate comparison, suggesting that the rewarding impact of multisensory stimuli is not a simple equally weighted combining of unisensory value signals. Overall, these findings suggest that sensory signals can function as reinforcers capable of shaping choice behavior, sustaining engagement, supporting value learning, and influencing behavior beyond the immediate presence of other rewards.PsychologyHome economicsNeurosciencesExperimental psychologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4448p48fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4448p48f/qt4448p48f.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7mw6w7k32026-06-16T06:37:42Zqt7mw6w7k3Tidal Influence on Environmental DNA Detections for Delta SmeltBlankenship, ScottDean, CherylKarpenko, KatieJohnston, MyfanwyEspe, Matthew B.Bowen, MarkHart, Christopher L.Schumer, Gregg2026-03-14Current ecological conditions in the San Francisco Estuary are considered inhospitable to many native estuarine species, and have placed the endemic Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) at serious risk. Programmatic monitoring regimes conducted by government agencies are insufficient for associating Delta Smelt occurrence with relevant habitat attributes, which limits inference about the relationships between putative habitat, restoration activities, and population response. Indirect observation of macro-organisms via detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) has proved a compelling alternative monitoring approach, particularly for rare and/or protected species. Yet, factors that influence eDNA detection in estuarine habitats remain poorly characterized, which hinders refinement of sampling methods. This study employed a fixed sampling array to explore how tidal phases affect the detection of Delta Smelt eDNA. Our primary objective was to estimate the effects of covariate metrics on concentration of eDNA (calculated as ln[eDNA]) observed in the tidal environment. Secondary objectives included comparing the effect of distance on eDNA concentration in the tidal system vs. a unidirectional system and estimating how time since species absence affects observed eDNA concentration. Model predictors that consistently affected eDNA concentration were distance from source, eddy diffusivity, time since species absence, tidal direction, and species. Distance had a consistently negative effect on eDNA concentration across both systems, though non-detections were more frequent in the tidal system than expected in a unidirectional one. Environmental DNA detections decreased over time, which suggests that positive eDNA detections from estuarine water sampling are more likely to co-occur contemporaneously with the actual presence of individuals. These findings improve the capacity to design sampling strategies that will detect target species within an estimated probability, if individuals are present within a specified distance. Enhanced detections using eDNA sampling approaches would refine determinations of if and when Delta Smelt are present at a location, which in turn lessens known information gaps related to species occurrence and distribution.Hypomesus transpacificuseDNAqPCRendangered speciesconservationmanagementapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mw6w7k3https://escholarship.org/content/qt7mw6w7k3/qt7mw6w7k3.pdfarticleSan Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, vol 24, iss 1/2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6jr927k62026-06-16T06:37:39Zqt6jr927k6Development and Validation of a Computational Pipeline for Pediatric Ureteral Stent Flow Simulation and Future OptimizationChauhan, AkashYang, Xia2026-06-12This thesis develops and evaluates a computational pipeline for pediatric ureteral stent flow simulation. The project addresses a specific problem in simulation based design. A candidate stent cannot be used as training data for future optimization unless the requested geometry, the generated computer aided design geometry, the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, the extracted measurements, and the output table can be linked at the level of a single design row. The primary validation study was a 140 mm stent length campaign. In this thesis, this campaign is called the 140 mm validation campaign. The name refers to the fixed stent body length used for the first controlled batch of simulations. It does not refer to a clinical standard length or to a final pediatric device. The campaign was used to test whether the pipeline could convert candidate designs into traceable simulation rows. The campaign narrowed 60 intended designs to 54 attempted designs, 47 completed simulations, 46 pilot usable rows, and 3 rows that passed the strict distal partition contract. Among the 47 completed simulations, 44 failed the strict distal partition contract. The 7 missing semantic statuses correspond to attempted designs that did not produce completed extraction rows. These results show that completed numerical simulations and optimization ready observations are not the same object. The contribution of the thesis is a validation and data provenance framework for computational pediatric stent studies. It defines how simulation rows are generated, measured, checked, classified, and held from future optimization when the evidence is not yet sufficient.BioinformaticsPediatricsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jr927k6https://escholarship.org/content/qt6jr927k6/qt6jr927k6.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6pm9s2g92026-06-16T06:37:34Zqt6pm9s2g9Energy Landscape Analysis of Multivariable State Dynamics in Functional Neurological DisorderZhang, LuluNishi, Akihiro2026-06-12Background: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a disabling condition characterized by functional seizures, motor symptoms, sensory symptoms, and cognitive symptoms that can fluctuate across time and context. In addition to functional neurological symptoms, individuals with FND commonly report pain, fatigue, bodily arousal, and dissociative experiences. However, it remains unclear whether these clinical features fluctuate independently or organize into recurrent multivariable states in daily life.Methods: We applied energy landscape analysis (ELA) to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data from 17 individuals with clinically documented FND. Participants completed up to eight EMA prompts per day over a 7-day period, yielding 770 complete-case time points for five variables: FNS severity, bodily arousal, pain, fatigue, and dissociation. ELA was used to identify stable multivariable configurations, basin occupancy, and dwell time. Daytime and overnight transitions between multivariable states were compared using linear and logistic mixed-effects models. Results: The pairwise maximum entropy model showed good fit to the observed multivariable pattern distribution (r = 0.971, rD = 0.815). ELA identified two local minima: 00000, reflecting relatively low levels across all five EMA variables, and 11110, reflecting relatively elevated FNS severity, arousal, pain, and fatigue and relatively low dissociation. The 32 possible multivariable patterns were assigned to two corresponding basins, with 68.8% of observations in the low-burden basin and 31.2% of observations in the high-burden basin. The low-burden basin was more persistent, with a longer average dwell time (mean = 3.10 vs. 1.74 EMA prompts). Overnight transitions showed a descriptive tendency toward recovery-like movement compared with daytime transitions, but no differences reached statistical significance. Conclusions: Daily clinical fluctuations in FND appear to be organized around two recurrent multivariable states rather than reflecting random variation across individual EMA variables. The high-burden state was characterized by elevated FNS severity, bodily arousal, pain, and fatigue, and appeared relatively transient. These findings suggest that a state-based framework may complement conventional single-variable approaches in characterizing FND dynamics, and highlight the need for larger studies with objective sleep measurement to examine overnight state recovery.EpidemiologyNeurosciencesCognitive psychologyecological momentary assessmentenergy landscape analysisfunctional neurological disordersymptom dynamicspubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pm9s2g9multimediaoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3kw9j2zq2026-06-16T06:37:29Zqt3kw9j2zqProgesterone Receptor Signaling Down-Regulates ERα-Mediated Transcription in HEK-293T CellsMartinez, Rosalizbeth MedinaVeen, John Edward vCorrea, Stephanie2026-06-12Progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling are known to have numerous regulatory effects on physiological systems, such as thermoregulation and visceral fat accumulation, and effects on target tissues, particularly in reproductive tissues such as the endometrium. The literature supports the notion that progesterone opposes estrogen-driven growth and development, and although a clear relationship exists between the two steroid hormone receptors, the mechanistic interplay remains unknown. Our lab developed a novel tool, CellSeeER, that enables measurement of normalized fluorescence reflecting estrogen receptor alpha and beta transcription. Using this tool, this project aims to observe the direct output of ER transcription and how PR signaling modulates this in human embryonic kidney cells. The cells were co-transfected with ERα, ERβ, PR isoforms (PRA or PRB), or androgen receptor (AR) and treated with varying combinations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or the PR antagonist mifepristone (RU-486). These experiments validated that E2 significantly increased ERα-mediated transcription. Co-expression of PR significantly suppressed this E2-driven transcriptional increase, revealing a functional crosstalk between these receptors. This inhibitory effect is specific to PR, as evidenced by the lack of damping of E2-mediated transcription when cells were co-transfected with AR and treated with DHT. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PRB with RU-486 also reduces ERα-mediated transcription. These results give insight into how PR signaling negatively regulates ERα-mediated transcription in a receptor-dependent and isoform-specific manner. This provides a foundation for future investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying hormone-driven transcriptional regulation.EndocrinologyCellular biologyPhysiologyPharmacologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kw9j2zqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3kw9j2zq/qt3kw9j2zq.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7k53f4sj2026-06-16T06:37:24Zqt7k53f4sjComputational Mapping of Neuropsychiatric Risk across Neurodevelopment at Gene- and Isoform-Level ResolutionMargolis, Michael PrakashGeschwind, Daniel H2026-06-12Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked thousands of genetic variants to neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), yet translating these statistical signals into biological mechanisms remains a defining challenge. This dissertation applies a multi-scale computational framework to map how genetic variation shapes transcriptomic programs during neurodevelopment and explore how risk variation ultimately manifests as clinical phenotypes across diverse patient populations.Chapter 1 provides a conceptual framework for variant-to-mechanism translation in NPDs, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We illustrate the necessity of convergence across biological contexts and analytic models – including quantitative trait loci and CRISPR-based systems – to translate risk variation into mechanistic insights. Chapter 2 presents a transcriptome regulatory atlas of the developing human neocortex, integrating bulk RNA-sequencing and genotyping from 672 samples (post-conception weeks 4-39). We map expression and splicing QTLs specific to early brain development, demonstrating that neuropsychiatric heritability is enriched for isoform-level QTLs over gene-level QTLs and enriched for the first trimester (PCW 1-13). Chapter 3 leverages long-read sequencing to resolve the full-length isoform landscape of the developing neocortex during the progenitor-to-neuron transition. We catalog 106,245 transcript isoforms across 13,349 protein-coding genes – the majority unannotated – and develop IsoScaler to identify coordinated isoform usage. We find that progenitor isoQTLs and isoform switching across this transition are enriched for neurodevelopmental and ASD risk genes, demonstrating that isoform-level resolution captures risk mechanisms masked at the gene level. Chapter 4 extends this framework to the population scale, characterizing genetic risk across 93,936 participants in the UCLA ATLAS Community Health Initiative. Phenome-wide association studies identify 19,431 variant-phenotype associations – 39.5% previously unreported – with 76% replicating in independent biobanks. Exome-wide burden testing of predicted deleterious variants uncovers novel gene-disease associations and ancestry-specific pharmacogenomic enrichments. Ultimately, this body of work demonstrates that fully deciphering how genetic variation shapes neuropsychiatric disease requires coupling large-scale genomic investigations, like those from biobanks and GWAS, with isoform-level resolution from early developmental samples to trace genetic risk from its earliest molecular perturbations in the developing brain to its clinical consequences across diverse human populations.NeurosciencesBioinformaticsGeneticsbiobank genomicsgenome-wide association studiesisoform expressionneurodevelopmentneuropsychiatric geneticstranscriptomicspubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7k53f4sjetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9w2885wn2026-06-16T06:37:19Zqt9w2885wnLinker Design for Therapeutic BioconjugatesFu, ZihuanMaynard, Heather D2026-06-12Protein and peptide therapeutics are a unique modality of pharmaceuticals that have played a crucial role in the treatment of various diseases. This class of therapeutics has gained popularity in the recent years due to their high selectivity and efficacy. Bioconjugation is a powerful tool to further enhance their capabilities by covalently attaching synthetic or natural substrates to the biomolecules. This technique can impart new properties to these biomolecules such as improved stability, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics. Connecting biomolecules and their substrates, linkers play a central role in controlling the stability, release behavior, and physicochemical properties of therapeutic bioconjugates.One important class of bioconjugates is protein-polymer conjugates. Conjugating polymers to therapeutically relevant proteins often results in increased stability and circulation time in vivo. However, the addition of polymers can lead to a significant or complete loss of activity compared to the native proteins. Therefore, the Maynard group developed a class of hydroxybenzylamine traceless linkers that can reversibly conjugate to amine residues on proteins. This unstable, reversible linkage allows for stimuli-responsive recovery of proteins’ activity.Initial work focused on increasing the release rate of this class of traceless linkers to further expand their utility (Chapter 2). DFT calculations demonstrated that the amine release is reversible and thus dictates the release kinetics. In collaboration with a computational chemist, we discovered that using a polycyclic core for the linker stabilizes the quinone methide intermediate and accelerates the rate significantly. With this mechanistic understanding, a panel of polycyclic hydroxybenzylamine linkers was synthesized. Kinetic studies demonstrated that 1,4-naphthalene linkers had a release half-life of 6 hours, similar to the fastest linker reported in the previous study, while 1,4-anthracene-based linkers had a release half-life of 18 minutes, which is 20 times faster. Employing heteroaromatic linkers further expanded the range of release half-lives, ranging from 18 minutes to 350 hours. This work demonstrates another avenue to tune the release profiles of hydroxybenzylamine traceless linkers and highlights the computational and experimental synergy available in this field.During the development of this class of traceless linkers, we observed that using the same linker, small molecules exhibited a significantly faster release rate (t1/2: 6 hours vs. 4 days). Therefore, a series of small molecule-, peptide-, insulin-, and lysozyme-PEG conjugates was synthesized, using a variety of PEG sizes. The release rates of these conjugates were measured, demonstrating that the release kinetics of hydroxybenzylamine traceless linker are governed by the relative sizes of payload and polymer, as well as solvent polarity (Chapter 3).Antibody-drug conjugates are another powerful therapeutic modality capable of tissue-specific delivery of highly potent cytotoxic warheads. One of the key challenges of ADCs is their hydrophobicity. The conjugation of hydrophobic cytotoxins to an antibody alters the ADC’s physicochemical properties resulting in decreased stability and poor pharmacokinetics. To address this challenge, we developed the synthesis of alternating iterative exponential growth (IEG) oligomers bearing orthogonal allyl and protected thiol functionalities (Chapter 4). Compared to previously reported hydrophilic ADC oligomer linkers, where the linkers themselves provide the hydrophilicity, these IEG oligomers can serve as a versatile platform for the facile installation of various combinations of hydrophilic moieties and cytotoxic payloads onto their side chains. Using these linkers, two linker-payloads with different hydrophilic motifs and payloads were synthesized and conjugated to trastuzumab. Incorporation of hydrophilic groups partially offsets payload hydrophobicity, yielding ADCs with improved overall hydrophilicity (Chapter 5).ChemistryPharmaceutical sciencesBiochemistrypubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w2885wnetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7ts0f7m52026-06-16T06:37:15Zqt7ts0f7m5Making Garbage Great Again: Classification and network-based emissions modeling of California’s waste management and recycling systemCasebolt, Brian ThomasSaphores, Jean-Daniel2026-06-15Waste management systems are increasingly expected to satisfy environmental, climate, and resource recovery objectives, yet engineering analyses remain constrained by limited empirical characterization of facility operations and infrastructure networks. Although regulatory databases contain extensive information on material flows, they generally do not report the operational activity responsible for energy consumption and emissions, forcing many inventories to rely on representative facilities or generalized emission factors. This dissertation develops an engineering framework for estimating the energy consumption and emissions of California's post-collection waste management system by integrating empirical facility classification, statewide transportation network modeling, and facility activity estimation. The analysis demonstrates that administrative facility categories frequently obscure substantial operational heterogeneity and therefore provide an inadequate basis for engineering emissions modeling. A flow-based classification derived from observed material inflows and outflows produces more representative facility archetypes for assigning process parameters and estimating activity. Using these classifications together with statewide routing analysis and facility-specific operating characteristics, this dissertation develops California-specific estimates of transportation activity, fuel consumption, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutants across major components of the post-collection waste management system.The results further demonstrate that emissions inventories depend critically on infrastructure configuration. Transportation demand, equipment activity, and processing requirements emerge from the interaction of facility operations, material routing, and network structure rather than from fixed assumptions regarding transport distances or representative facilities. Consequently, meaningful evaluation of waste management policies requires integrated consideration of transportation, processing, and disposal rather than analysis of individual components in isolation.Beyond producing a statewide emissions inventory, this dissertation establishes an empirical framework for transforming incomplete administrative records into defensible engineering estimates of system activity. The resulting methodology and inventory provide a baseline for future infrastructure planning, climate policy evaluation, and analysis of evolving waste management strategies in California.TransportationIndustrial engineeringCivil engineeringEnvironmental engineeringEnsemble ClassificationFeature ExtractionGreenhouse Gas EmissionsSpecific EnergyStochastic SimulationWaste Managementapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-SAeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ts0f7m5https://escholarship.org/content/qt7ts0f7m5/qt7ts0f7m5.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6f96b0df2026-06-16T05:02:38Zqt6f96b0dfNational Carbon PricesDriscoll, DanielHaydu, JeffreyKenworthy, Lane2022-01-01How and why do countries respond differently to the dilemma of pursuing global climate reform through national legislation? This dissertation project explores the socio-political foundations of national carbon price policies, which resonate with global ideals and prioritize a global challenge over national economic benefits. An investigation into carbon prices in France, the United States, and Nordic countries reveals key sites of trade-offs. In France, this project traces the formation of their carbon tax, comparatively neoliberal by design, and the backlash from the populist Yellow Vest movement. In the United States, this project investigates the demise of a proposed carbon price, revealing how economic growth models complicate effective climate reform and empower business-elites to block regulatory reforms. In Nordic countries, this project compares the socio-politics of their relatively strong policies. All in all, this project explores the conditions under which such a law can be adopted, but it also emphasizes that enactment is not the end of the story. Rather, policies, themselves, reshape continuing political controversies over climate change. Carbon pricing thus becomes a case study in the trade-offs between global norms and national interests, highlighting the importance of national growth models, business-elite power, neoliberalism, and populist movements. SociologyClimate changePolitical scienceenapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f96b0dfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6f96b0df/qt6f96b0df.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0kv188nk2026-06-15T23:42:28Zqt0kv188nkFollow-Up Behavior of Patients Who Leave Without Being Seen from a Hybrid Point of Service Collection Emergency DepartmentHadid, DimaEl Sayed, MazenHitti, Eveline2022-01-01Introduction:
This study aims to assess follow-up behaviors of patients who leave without being seen (LWBS) from a hybrid point of service (POS) collection model Emergency Department (ED).
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients who LWBS from a hybrid POS collection model ED, one-week post-ED visit, at an academic tertiary care medical center in Lebanon, between June 2016 and May 2017.
Results:
LWBS patients were found to be young, males, and present with conditions of lower urgency and presenting mainly with a musculoskeletal chief complaint. Majority (66.8%) left because of third party payer denial of visit coverage followed by cost of visit (12.6%) and wait times (12.6%). A greater percentage of those who LWBS due to financial reasons were male (64.1% vs 33.3%, p <0.001) and waited less (23.4 min vs 30.8 min, p=0.08) compared to those who left for non-financial reasons. The majority of LWBS patients sought medical care within the week after leaving the ED (78.4%), primarily at ambulatory clinics (89.9%) with few at emergency departments (10.1%). Few required admission to hospital (4.2%) and no mortalities were reported. A greater percentage of those who left because of financial barriers, felt the same/better after leaving the ED (82.1% vs 66.7%, p=0.03), sought care at alternate sites (82.1% vs 66.7%, p=0.03), primarily ambulatory clinics (94.1%, p=0.003), with fewer requiring admission to the hospital within one well (1.4% vs 13.3%, p=003). Irrespective of the reason for LWBS, all patients who sought care at an ambulatory clinic, did so at a different institution (100.0%).
Conclusion:
While the majority of patients who left without being seen from a hybrid POS collection ED left for financial reasons, a high percentage sought care at ambulatory clinics after leaving the ED. Larger-scale studies are needed to adequately assess the outcomes of those patients, especially in areas with limited access to primary care ambulatory services.Leave without being seenclinical outcomespoint-of-service collection modeland emergency department.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kv188nkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0kv188nk/qt0kv188nk.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61830articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1vz9b8zx2026-06-15T21:34:54Zqt1vz9b8zxThe Contribution of Managed Floodplains to the Recovery of Salmon in California: Challenges and OpportunitiesFerguson, JohnMartz, MerriSawyer, EvanSerup, BjarniJohnson, RachelOpperman, JeffSturrock, AnnaHolmes, EricLindley, Steven T.2026-06-16Managing river–floodplain connectivity can be driven by environmental restoration and/or flood-risk objectives, and science programs are essential for informing projects and policies that promote both objectives. California’s Central Valley floodplains have been highly altered as the result of flow regulation, channelization, and levee construction. Much of the remaining floodplain-like habitats are within flood bypasses that are used to manage flood risk. In recent decades, the habitat value of these bypasses for native fishes has received increased attention, and in 2021 a symposium was held to share the results of over 20 years of scientific studies conducted on Central Valley floodplains and flood bypasses. The symposium sought to foster a shared understanding among scientists and managers about the current information on flood bypasses, and the remaining challenges that must be overcome to maximize benefits to native fish while managing trade-offs. This paper summarizes the symposium’s unique synthesis of the state of the science regarding benefits that native fish accrue from accessing flood bypasses, and remaining uncertainties about population-level benefits and risks when fish enter these systems. We describe a case study to demonstrate how restoration can be accomplished within the flood-bypass management context, provide examples of ongoing restoration projects in the Central Valley, and present recommendations for actions needed to manage and restore flood bypasses at a landscape-scale. Our summary identifies the need to develop a long-term vision for managing and restoring flood bypasses and floodplains throughout the valley that includes: quantifying fish population-level effects, identifying necessary funding sources to implement actions at a scale that achieves societal goals, and streamlining regulatory processes. These steps would allow the actions identified in the vision to be implemented in a transparent, consensus-driven, and timely manner.floodplainsflood bypassessalmontrophic productivitygrowthsurvivaldiversitystrandingapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vz9b8zxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1vz9b8zx/qt1vz9b8zx.pdfarticleSan Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, vol 24, iss 1/2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8zt1v3112026-06-15T21:17:27Zqt8zt1v311In Memory of James E. Cloern2026-06-15We are saddened to share that Dr. James E. Cloern, a proud US Geological Survey scientist of 49 years, passed away on November 3, 2025. The death of a friend is always difficult to reconcile. How does a field of science compensate when that friend is a towering figure whose global impact on science was only matched by his contributions to the careers and lives of others? The value of Jim Cloern’s contributions to international freshwater, estuarine, and coastal ecology can be measured by his many important contributions and awards. His impact on Bay–Delta governance is evidenced by the aspects of water and ecosystem policy that reflect his influence and collaborations. The degree of respect and friendship felt by a global legion of friends, colleagues and those he mentored is beyond measure.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zt1v311https://escholarship.org/content/qt8zt1v311/qt8zt1v311.pdfinfo:doi//jmie_sfews.66287articleSan Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, vol 24, iss 1/2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2xc5x99g2026-06-15T18:12:08Zqt2xc5x99gGaze-Based Automatic Scrolling for Readers Using Screen MagnificationGrant-Richard, GlennManduchi, RobertoChung, Susana2026-06-05application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xc5x99ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2xc5x99g/qt2xc5x99g.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt25j996cj2026-06-15T16:50:11Zqt25j996cjVariation and change in the production of te reo Māori closing vowel sequencesCulhane, KirstenHay, JenniferTodd, SimonSóskuthy, MártonKing, JeanettePanther, ForrestKeegan, Peter J2026-05-15This study examines the vowel sequences /ai ae ao au ei oi ou/ in te reo Māori, the indigenous language of Aotearoa New Zealand. Descriptions state that these closing sequences are comprised of separate phonemes, which are realised as surface diphthongs within morphemes, but as hiatuses when they straddle a morpheme boundary. We examine whether this description is borne out through acoustic analysis of data from the MAONZE corpus, which contains recordings from three generations of Māori speakers. Using the approach developed in Culhane et al. (Accepted. Variation in the production of te reo Māori opening vowel sequences. Laboratory Phonology), we find that for all sequences, there is systematic covariation between duration, intensity, and formant trajectories, which form a spectrum from hiatus-like to diphthong-like realisations. There is some evidence for the morpheme boundary effect described, but also for effects of stress and word position. We find that production of closing sequences has changed over time, with increasingly diphthong-like productions. Our analysis reveals that these patterns of change are likely systematic, whereby the change towards more diphthongised sequences reflects a change in the phonetics-phonology system more broadly.47 LanguageCommunication and Culture (for-2020)4703 Language Studies (for-2020)4704 Linguistics (for-2020)variationPCAvowel sequencesdiphthongsPCAdiphthongsvariationvowel sequences17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for)20 LanguageCommunication and Culture (for)Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology (science-metrix)4704 Linguistics (for-2020)5204 Cognitive and computational psychology (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/25j996cjinfo:doi/10.1515/phon-2025-0043articlePhonetica, vol 0, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2bt9h2s02026-06-15T15:39:55Zqt2bt9h2s0Episode 5 Transcript: Holiday Special with LibrariansHan, Jing2025-12-12In this holiday special, we are having two guests from the UCR Library, Mary-Michelle Moore, our STEM Teaching Librarian and Michele Potter, our Collection Strategist for STEM. We discuss library resources and services, along with behind-the-scenes stories that showcase the people and processes that support them.Listen to this episode at this link: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7E3taJIUgeYqddqHjBDVkWUCR LibraryLibrary Collection StrategySTEM Teaching Librarianapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bt9h2s0https://escholarship.org/content/qt2bt9h2s0/qt2bt9h2s0.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9r34b7t42026-06-15T15:04:32Zqt9r34b7t4BOOK REVIEW: Joseph Godlewski, The Architecture of the Bight of Biafra: Spatial EntanglementsCuozzo, M.J.2026-06-15Despite how they are sometimes articulated, histories are rarely singular stories. Shaped by overlapping social, political, and economic forces, dynamic cultural geographies, and historical agents with conflicting interests, histories are stories with a nearly endless capacity for telling and retelling. The historian’s challenge is to tell these stories without foreclosing this complexity. In The Architecture of the Bight of Biafra, Joseph Godlewski confronts this challenge by adopting a theoretical framework of entanglement to analyze the spatial history of Calabar, a port city in southeastern Nigeria, from the sixteenth century to the present. Refusing a singular understanding of Calabar’s history, Godlewski uses entanglement to tell a history of linkages, between local and global, past and present, spatial and socio-political, that presents the spatial history of Calabar as one of multiple intersecting temporalities and geographies. Drawing upon a wide range of archival sources, Godlewski centers the spatial dynamics of Calabar to bring the city into architectural discourse, demonstrate its centrality to the construction of global modernity, and illustrate its spatial paradigms as sites of Black identity formation. application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9r34b7t4https://escholarship.org/content/qt9r34b7t4/qt9r34b7t4.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.63068articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3j96g3fd2026-06-15T15:04:28Zqt3j96g3fdEXHIBITION REVIEW: Shigeko Kubota at Shigeko Kubota Video Art Foundation, BeaconLuo, Laura Yuhua2026-06-15Mountains, rivers, screens, wires…the natural and the video mechanic activate one another in Shigeko Kubota’s (1937-2015) video sculptures. The Shigeko Kubota Video Art Foundation’s Workshop and Video Artspace in Beacon, New York presented a selection of six works made between 1976 and 1996 during its open studio exhibition in Upstate Art Weekend from July 17 to July 21, 2025. The exhibition highlights Kubota’s formal and conceptual innovations in presenting natural landscapes through television monitors and sculptural forms. The assortment of landscapes shown narrate Kubota’s journey of place-making as she moved from her birthplace Niigata, Japan to Tokyo, and later, New York City. application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j96g3fdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3j96g3fd/qt3j96g3fd.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.53148articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4zm818m52026-06-15T15:04:24Zqt4zm818m5Diffracting Place: A Critical GeoExt Mapping of GlenferrieHolmes à Court, Will2026-06-15Digital methods like Geographic Information Extraction from Texts (GeoExt) promise novel perspectives on place by liberating spatial data from unstructured text. Yet their chain of abstractions relies on assumptions that seem fundamentally opposed to critical understandings of place as porous, contested and always in excess of its representations. This paper focuses on the place of Glenferrie: the area I grew up in in Melbourne, Australia. Drawing on Donna Haraway and Karen Barad’s perspective of diffraction, and Sophie Niang’s method of scavenging, I use Glenferrie to articulate a method for representing places that repurposes existing processes for text analysis and GeoExt, without reducing the complexity and chaos of place. This mapping exercise explores the tension place exhibits between global/local, universal/particular and objective/subjective binaries to uncover the contradictory landscape of indigenous, colonial and immigrant histories of Glenferrie, while also revealing the contradictory elements of GeoExt and cartographic tools themselves. Place and method are read through each other through diffractions of three components of a typical GeoExt process: toponym disambiguation, the location of place in text, and visualisation in Cartesian and cartographic space. In doing so, I demonstrate diffraction as a practical method for re-envisioning the relationship between computational abstraction and the complexity of place, showing how methods that can seem to suffocate the local and the human might instead become generative, experimental and world-enriching.GlenferrieCritical GISPlaceCritical CartographyGeoExtdiffractionToponymapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zm818m5https://escholarship.org/content/qt4zm818m5/qt4zm818m5.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.50790articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3wk133tc2026-06-15T15:04:19Zqt3wk133tcMemory's TypographySilveira Serejo, João2026-06-15This article examines the architectural material dissolution but ontological liveliness of Casa Galamba in São Pedro de Moel, Portugal, through a dual narrative that operates simultaneously on physical and epistemic planes. On the material level, we document concrete dissolution—salt corroding concrete, wood surrendering to Atlantic moisture, tiles cracking under winter storms. On the epistemic level, we reveal how this decay symptoms a deeper erosion: the loss of "sufficiency literacy," the existential know-how of inhabiting limits as plenitude. Through ethnographic documentation across three generations, we trace temporal compression from 120 to 15 annual days of occupation, a pattern often misread through market logic as economic failure. Yet a methodological rupture—occurring precisely when the guardian daughters' testimonies revealed love as epistemological practice—transforms our analysis. What conventional economics interprets as financial naïveté reveals itself as sophisticated alternative literacy: the capacity to read dwelling not as property but as verb, to recognize sufficiency where speculation sees only scarcity. A child's bare feet reading waxed floors embodies this literacy's final transmission—tactile knowledge accumulating in a body that will witness its extinction. Using São Pedro de Moel as method, we demonstrate how specific local dissolutions illuminate global patterns of coastal commodification and dwelling's transformation into asset. The article contributes to architectural theory by proposing "archaeology of the inhabited present" as methodology for recognizing epistemological resistance—competencies the Anthropocene urgently demands, where true literacy reads not scarcity but the sufficiency that makes life whole.sufficiency literacyepistemologies of carearchitectural dissolutionaffective hermeneuticsSão Pedro de Moelmodernismapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wk133tchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3wk133tc/qt3wk133tc.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.50777articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2vm2f7332026-06-15T15:04:14Zqt2vm2f733Tradition and Transformation: Co-Designing with the Fishing Communities of NyandiwaNucifora, Sebastiano2026-06-15This article examines the rapid transformation of many Sub‑Saharan African villages into emerging small urban centres, focusing on the case of Nyandiwa, a fast‑growing settlement on the eastern shore of Lake Victoria. Despite its demographic expansion and its role as a service hub for surrounding rural areas, Nyandiwa remains an informal and unplanned settlement, where traditional social structures coexist—often uneasily—with the pressures of urbanisation. The article presents a participatory design experience developed within the Master’s Thesis Laboratory Architectures for Developing Countries at the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, directed by the author. Over the past decade, the Laboratory has engaged students in co‑design processes with local communities across Sub‑Saharan Africa, in partnership with NGOs and municipal institutions. In Nyandiwa, this approach led to a series of design proposals, including a project dedicated to the fishing communities whose livelihoods depend on the omena value chain. The project integrates architectural support structures—drying facilities, processing rooms, communal spaces, and a pier—with a contemporary reinterpretation of Luo spatial traditions, aiming to strengthen local autonomy and economic resilience. Although not yet implemented, the project exemplifies the educational, social, and transformative potential of participatory design in contexts marked by informality and structural vulnerability.Participatory Designinformal urbanismVernacular ArchitectureIdentity and TraditionIntermediate Citiessub-Saharan Africaapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vm2f733https://escholarship.org/content/qt2vm2f733/qt2vm2f733.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.50674articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6rp2w0r62026-06-15T15:04:09Zqt6rp2w0r6Housing, Class, and Care: Community-Engaged Fieldwork in Examining Neighborhood Care PracticesWait, Chelsea2026-06-15In Milwaukee, residents discuss and formulate care for their neighborhood as a counternarrative to the dominant stereotypes that are sadly perpetuated in ungrounded studies of urban problems that fail to give real people agency. Urban Milwaukeeans’ histories are overshadowed by towering narratives of urban racial segregation, freeways demolition, deindustrialization, and most recently, housing crises and police brutality. Those narratives exist within a network and continuous timeline of neighbors gathering to address these problems by activating spaces in which to share food, supplies, stories, support, and strategies. Care is important as a foil––but it cannot be romanticized. It emerges from local histories, cultural values, and social hierarchies. In order to expand the study of neighborhood care, I call attention to how it is situated in local histories and social values. This article explores this formulation of neighborhood care through a case study from my dissertation fieldwork with attention to historical forces and corresponding oral history excerpts to better analyze how collective care emerges in a specific place through a collective understanding.CareNeighborhoodCommunity-EngagedfieldworkOral HistoryMilwaukeesegregationhousingapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rp2w0r6https://escholarship.org/content/qt6rp2w0r6/qt6rp2w0r6.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.50802articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3zs9b4dq2026-06-15T15:04:04Zqt3zs9b4dqCommunity Formation: Public Art, Classrooms, and Museums as Anchors of Collective ThoughtSegura, Nathan2026-06-15This response article expands Lucas Gómez-Doyle’s discussion of Henry Moore’s Nuclear Energy (1967) by examining how multidirectional cultural sites generate forms of community through sustained engagement with material objects. While Gómez-Doyle emphasizes the sculpture’s capacity to connect multiple histories, geographies, and political concerns, this essay shifts attention toward the social processes that emerge around such activations. Drawing on museum studies and a pedagogical exercise conducted within the Art, Design & Architecture Museum Internship Program at UC Santa Barbara, the article argues that monuments, classrooms, and museums can all function as infrastructures for collective reflection. Across these distinct settings, objects and sites become anchors through which individuals gather, interpret shared experiences, and negotiate unresolved histories together.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zs9b4dqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3zs9b4dq/qt3zs9b4dq.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.66229articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt45d8s4wm2026-06-15T15:04:01Zqt45d8s4wmStarting Nuclear: Towards Multidirectional Sites & Intersectional CareGomez-Doyle, Lucas2026-06-15Nestled between two University of Chicago buildings, stands Henry Moore’s bronze sculpture, Nuclear Energy, which commemorates the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi’s scientific achievement of the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. Placed purposefully on the site where the creation took place, the sculpture not only signals a direct locally minded recognition of its spatial history but remains inextricably linked to global sites elsewhere through its implicated technological and discursive resonance that has transpired since the proliferation of atomic as well as nuclear matters. Since the monument’s positioning on the institution’s campus in 1967, the piece of public art has been returned to and activated by a wide range of artistic and civic communities. This paper introduces how these ensuing interactions, those between the monument and its visitors, can alter the evolution of a public work of art’s cultural heritage. It is simultaneously the sculpture’s attachment to proximal and distal relationships, to those physical and discursive sites elsewhere driven by atomic as well as nuclear cultures, that elucidate the capability of scalable, intersectional, and transnational connections. Nuclear Energy, then, is a case-study in how public art and public collectives might enjoin in memory work to redirect and alter ongoing narratives with new spatio-historical messages for a radical future.MonumentsSitesculpturemethodsapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/45d8s4wmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt45d8s4wm/qt45d8s4wm.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.50578articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1pn3r04w2026-06-15T15:03:57Zqt1pn3r04wHousing Histories: Dreams Built Upon Dismantled DreamsDerafshi, Ali2026-06-15The historiography of Southern Californian architecture is marked by divergent interpretive frameworks, oscillating between celebratory narratives and noir critiques. Historians and architectural historians have long grappled with the region’s heterogeneous built environment, shaped by successive waves of settlers, immigrants, and, more recently, exiles and émigrés who made California their adopted homeland. Despite their differences, most accounts underscore the state’s stylistic pluralism and the incorporation of diverse architectural vocabularies drawn from multiple cultures and geographies into its cultural landscape. application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pn3r04whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1pn3r04w/qt1pn3r04w.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.66230articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt67g3q4pn2026-06-15T15:03:54Zqt67g3q4pnHousing Histories: Autoconstruction and Architecture in Benedict CanyonGammell, Carrie2026-06-15In a 2021 retrospective of Wallace Neff’s long and prolific career as a residential architect, historian Eleanor Schrader praised him for “[his] ability to combine Spanish, Tuscan, Mediterranean, Islamic, and other design elements […] seamlessly into something he called ‘The California Style.’” Neff gained recognition for his celebrity commissions, many of which were located in the picturesque Benedict Canyon, a luxury Beverly Hills neighborhood with mature trees and winding streets.
The Art, Design & Architecture Museum at the University of California Santa Barbara hosts an archive of Neff’s work, which is integral to Southern California’s canon—a canon shaped more by the industrial wealth of Hollywood elites than by the agricultural enterprise of migrant workers. Yet, Benedict Canyon was named by and for Edson A. Benedict, a farmer whose family made settlement on the land and built a house thereon. This paper uses land entry files—in other words, U.S. General Land Office records that document the transfer of public lands to settlers—to reconstruct and recenter Benedict Canyon’s early residences in Southern California’s architectural history. It argues that although these early residences were designed and built by and for non-professionals, they, too, are integral to the region’s turn-of-the-century imaginary.architectureHistorySouthern Californiahomestead actSettler colonialismimperialismmanifest destinyautoconstructionapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/67g3q4pnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt67g3q4pn/qt67g3q4pn.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.50799articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7xz3p4sc2026-06-15T15:03:49Zqt7xz3p4scTo Remain Fixed Upon the Paper: Antonio Nessi’s Lake Como PhotographsSaubestre, Elizabeth2026-06-15Faye Dowling asks what historiographies can be revealed in the unstable ontology of a lakebed. Her approach to Mexico City’s Lake Texcoco is mediated by Colombian artist Adriana Salazar’s multimedia project, including a 2014 field photograph of the empty basin. Salazar’s work reveals an alternate ethnography, allowing the lake to divulge its multiple temporalities and celebrating what Dowling refers to as the unanchored and indeterminate qualities of a lake. In this response, I use Dowling’s idea of the unstable lake to place Lake Como, the alleged birthplace of landscape photography, as a site resistant to fixity through the photographs of Como resident Antonio Nessi.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xz3p4schttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7xz3p4sc/qt7xz3p4sc.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.66231articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7ws9j89k2026-06-15T15:03:45Zqt7ws9j89kTrace, Place, Belonging: Socio-spatial Entanglements at Tulare Lake, California, and Lake Texcoco, Mexico CityDowling, Faye2026-06-15Tulare Lake, California, once the central source of water for the San Joaquin Valley, has reemerged in the popular imagination as a haunting reminder of California’s changing relationship with water, environmental extraction, and regional identity. During the unprecedented rains of 2023, Tulare Lake expanded to fill its nineteenth century perimeters and reached media attention as “a phantom lake,” returning to claim its ancient land after years of colonization. The socio-spatial phenomenon of Tulare Lake is a story that can be traced back centuries through entangled livelihoods, infrastructures, farming and folklore. This article discusses two dynamic ethnoarcheological models enacted at Tulare Lake, California, and the analogous contested site of Lake Texcoco, Mexico City, which reactivate a migratory potential of place-making, territorialization, and archival practice. In the multi-temporal epistemologies of these charged and complicated sites, their work demarcates the lakebed as an interstitial and migratory space built from multiplicities of community, materiality and belonging. application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ws9j89khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7ws9j89k/qt7ws9j89k.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.52885articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50s781g82026-06-15T15:03:41Zqt50s781g8Civilizing the Sea: Juliette Fish’s Sea Moss Album in a Changing CaliforniaJekabson, Alida R.2026-06-15Arranged to take up the entirety of the page, the delicate tendrils of seaweed specimens look as if they were fresh from the seawater of the Pacific Ocean they emerged from some 150 some years ago. Carefully laid out and adhered to paper, their colors are a gradient of reds and soft pinks. Looking closer, some of the delicate ends of the preserved plants are yellow. These striking pieces of unidentified marine algae were collected on the coast of California between 1875 and 1886 in an area called Mishopshno by the Chumash, and renamed Carpinteria by the Spanish in 1769. The preserved “sea moss,” as they were often called at the time, are part of a larger album created by Juliette Fish. Born in Iowa, Fish traveled with her family at the age of sixteen to the newly formed state of California via covered wagon in 1862. She began her practice of “seaweeding” around 1865. Fish gathered these marine plants on her family’s land on the beach in Carpinteria, which was later acquired by the state in the 1930s. Her albums are one example of materials, categorized outside of the “fine arts,” that records an aspect of local placemaking.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50s781g8https://escholarship.org/content/qt50s781g8/qt50s781g8.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.66232articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8fv520hb2026-06-15T15:03:37Zqt8fv520hbKaleidoscope Urbanism: Envisioning the Local in Santa Barbara, CaliforniaVan Doorne, TaylorSheard, Megan J.2026-06-15How do we imagine the places where we are? How do we construct them and construct images from them? Drawing on a diverse set of scholars whose work draws attention to the local as a theoretical apparatus for art and architectural history and practice, this volume centers histories of, and critical approaches to, local placemaking and its imaginaries. The city of Santa Barbara, where a critical mass of our editorial team is located, underpinned developmental conversations for this issue, implicit in the way we posed questions about the local, the contingent, the vernacular, and the small. Here, we take local architect Jeff Shelton’s underpass renovation project on lower State Street as a point of departure for imagining beyond an apparently unified vision of “beautiful” Santa Barbara. Through the project’s playful destabilization of Santa Barbara’s “California Spanish” style, the plurality of the town comes into view, shattering its unified aesthetic vision into disarranged facets. This fracture is suggestive of a kaleidoscope, which we take as an analytic for considering Santa Barbara’s urban fabric across space and time. By suggesting dimensions not immediately apparent to the eye, the kaleidoscope evokes the diverse content of contributions to this volume. Articles in this issue address the plurality of place in historical interpretation and social praxis by investigating how local places and things evade categorization, disaggregate the seemingly cohesive, and create structures for community formation and minority agency.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fv520hbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8fv520hb/qt8fv520hb.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.66225articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1ws0d8f62026-06-15T15:03:31Zqt1ws0d8f6react/review vol. 6, imagining the localBoard, Editorial2026-06-15Full volumeapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ws0d8f6https://escholarship.org/content/qt1ws0d8f6/qt1ws0d8f6.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/R5.66236articlereact/review: a responsive journal for art & architecture, vol 6, iss 0oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1vg6n36s2026-06-15T12:04:20Zqt1vg6n36sو؟: كيف تبني علاقات من خلال التفاوُضِ الابتِكَاريّ / (AND?: How to Build Relationships through Inventive Negotiation - Arabic)Graham, JohnLawrence, LyndaHernández Requejo, William2020-07-22استخدمها ستيف جوبز لعقد صفقة أفضل مع ديزني. استخدمها جورج ميتشل وماري روبنسون للمساعدة في إنهاء حرب
استمرت عقودا في أيرلندا الشمالية. ويمكنك استخدامه في حياتك والعمل لتحقيق نتائج أفضل لسنوات قادمة. و؟ يوفر التفاوض
الإبداعي مجموعة ملموسة من الخطوات التي يمكن أن تساعد في بناء علاقات طويلة الأمد بدلا من العداء الدائم. مرسوم بشكل
فاخر بقصص حقيقية من جميع أنحاء العالم، بالإضافة إلى أحدث علوم الأعصاب والاقتصاد السلوكي، سيظهر لك هذا الكتاب
كيف تحصل على أكثر من حصتك من الكعكة - فهو يمنحك الأدوات لبناء مصنع فطائر. تعرف على ما يجمع بين مفاوضي
الرهائن والمهرجين. كيف تفوق مراهق على شركة الهاتف. ما يتطلبه الأمر للتحدث للدخول إلى سجن في بوليفيا، أو من
معسكر إرهابي في كولومبيا. لماذا يجب أن تتعامل مع كراسيك بحذر في كوريا. كل مثال يظهر مبدأ أتقنه خبرة المؤلفين التي
تمتد لعقود في كل شيء من خطوط أنابيب النفط إلى السلام الدولي. بمجرد أن تتعلم فن وعلم التفاوض الابتكاري، لن تكتفي أبدا
بالمفاوضة التبادلية أو التكاملية مرة أخرى.
/ Steve Jobs used it to cut a better deal with Disney. George Mitchell and Mary Robinson used it to help end a decades-long war in Northern Ireland. And you can use it in your life and work to get better outcomes for years to come. AND? Inventive Negotiation provides a concrete set of steps that can help build long-term relationships instead of lasting enmity. Lavishly illustrated with real life stories from around the world, plus the latest neuroscience and behavioral economics, this book will show you how to get more than your share of the pie - it gives you the tools to build a pie factory. Learn what hostage negotiators and clowns have in common. How a teen bested the phone company. What it takes to talk your way into a prison in Bolivia, or out of a terrorist camp in Colombia. Why you need to handle your chairs carefully in Korea. Every example demonstrates a principle perfected by the authors' decades of experience in everything from oil-pipelines to international peace. Once you've learned the art and science of Inventive Negotiation, you'll never be satisfied with transactional or integrative bargaining again.business communicationInterpersonal communicationNegotiationapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vg6n36shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1vg6n36s/qt1vg6n36s.pdfmonographoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt32t5b4762026-06-15T11:30:36Zqt32t5b476Understanding the Impacts of Telecommuting on Travel Behavior Before, During, and After the PandemicMcNally, Michael G., PhD2026-06-01The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a massive and abrupt shift in work arrangements across the United States, with telecommuting (or working from home) becoming a dominant mode for a substantial portion of the workforce. This shift not only disrupted traditional employment structures but also significantly altered daily activity schedules and travel behavior. As policymakers and planners seek strategies to manage travel demand, mitigate congestion, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, understanding the long-term implications of telecommuting on travel patterns is essential. The pandemic offers a unique opportunity to study these changes at scale and across diverse geographic and demographic groups.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/32t5b476https://escholarship.org/content/qt32t5b476/qt32t5b476.pdfinfo:doi/10.7922/G247488Carticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7d51t1mb2026-06-15T10:56:20Zqt7d51t1mbMondo: integrating disease terminology across communitiesVasilevsky, Nicole AToro, SabrinaMatentzoglu, NicolasFlack, Joseph EMullen, Kathleen RHegde, HarshadGehrke, SarahWhetzel, Patricia LShwetar, YousifHarris, Nomi LNgu, Mee SAlyea, Gioconda LKane, Megan SRoncaglia, PaolaSid, EricThaxton, Courtney LWood, ValerieAbraham, Roshini SAchatz, Maria IsabelAjuyah, PamelaAmberger, Joanna SBabb, LawrenceBaker, JasmineBalhoff, James PBerg, Jonathan SBhalla, AmolRos, Xavier Bofill-DeBraun, Ian RBroeren, Eleanor CByer, Blake KByrne, Alicia BCallahan, Tiffany JCarmody, Leigh CChan, Lauren EClause, Amanda RCohen, Julie SDeLuca, MarcelloDeuitch, Natalie TFlowers, MayFraser, JamieFujiwara, ToyofumiGitau, VanessaGoldstein, Jennifer LGration, DylanGroza, TudorGyori, Benjamin MHankey, WilliamHilton, Jason AHimmelstein, Daniel SHong, Stephanie SHoyt, Charles THuether, RobertHurwitz, EricJacobsen, Julius OBKikuchi, AtsuoKöhler, SebastianKorn, Daniel RLagorce, DavidLaraway, Bryan JLi, Jane YMalheiro, Adriana JMcLaughlin, JamesMeldal, Birgit HMMohan, ShruthiMoxon, Sierra ATMunoz-Torres, Monica CNelson, Tristan HNicholas, Frank WOchoa, DavidOlson, DanielOprea, Tudor IOskotsky, Tomiko TOsumi-Sutherland, DavidParis, KelleyParkinson, Helen EPendlington, Zoë MPeng, Xiao PPizzino, AmyPlon, Sharon EPowell, Bradford CRatliff, Julie CRehm, Heidi LRemennik, LyubovRiggs, Erin RRoberts, SeanRobinson, Peter NRoss, Justyne ESchaper, KevinSchilder, Brian MSchmidt, Johanna LSharp, Elliott WSimiluk, Morgan NSmedley, DamianSneddon, Tam PSparks, RachelStefancsik, RayStupp, Gregory SSundar, ShilpaTakatsuki, TerueTammen, ImkeBerardini, T2025-10-06Precision medicine aims to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis by integrating multimodal data at the point of care. However, challenges arise due to the vast number of diseases, differing methods of classification, and conflicting terminological coding systems and practices used to represent molecular definitions of disease. This lack of interoperability artificially constrains the potential for diagnosis, clinical decision support, care outcome analysis, as well as data linkage across research domains to support the development or repurposing of therapeutics. There is a clear and pressing need for a unified system for managing disease entities - including identifiers, synonyms, and definitions. To address these issues, we created the Mondo disease ontology-a community-driven, open-source, unified disease classification system that harmonizes diverse terminologies into a consistent, computable framework. Mondo integrates key medical and biomedical terminologies, including Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Orphanet, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIt), and more, to provide a comprehensive and accurate representation of disease concepts with fully provenanced and attributed links back to the sources. Mondo can be used as the handle for curation of gene-disease associations utilized in diagnostic applications, research applications such as computational phenotyping, and in clinical coding systems in clinical decision support by pointing the clinician to the numerous knowledge resources linked to the Mondo identifier. Mondo's community-centric approach, stewarded by the Monarch Initiative's expertise in ontologies, ensures that the ontology remains adaptable to the evolving needs of biomedical research and clinical communities, as well as the knowledge providers.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Precision Medicine (rcdc)4.5 Resources and infrastructure (detection) (hrcs-rac)2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology) (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)disease integrationrare diseasedisease ontologydisease classificationbiomedical informaticsdisease terminologycommunity-driven ontologyHumans (mesh)Disease (mesh)Terminology as Topic (mesh)Biological Ontologies (mesh)Precision Medicine (mesh)biomedical informaticscommunity-driven ontologydisease classificationdisease integrationdisease ontologydisease terminologyrare diseaseHumans (mesh)Terminology as Topic (mesh)Precision Medicine (mesh)Biological Ontologies (mesh)Disease (mesh)0604 Genetics (for)Developmental Biology (science-metrix)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d51t1mbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7d51t1mb/qt7d51t1mb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/genetics/iyaf215articleGenetics, vol 232, iss 4iyaf215oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6d50c0092026-06-15T10:22:55Zqt6d50c009Transit Finance at a Precipice: Major Policy Changes Are Needed to Stabilize Public Transit BudgetsWasserman, Jacob L.2026-06-01Public transit systems in California sit at a financial crossroads. Ridership has recovered slowly and unevenly since the pandemic, with commuter-focused transit services to and from downtowns continuing to struggle the most. While other sources of transit funding such as sales taxes have recovered, fare revenues have not. As one-time federal relief funding is spent down, some transit agencies in California and across the U.S. sit at the edge of a fiscal cliff. To better understand the scale of this challenge and how agencies are responding, researchers at the UC Institute of Transportation Studies analyzed financial data from transit agencies, examined federal databases, and conducted surveys and interviews with agency staff. This work provides a clearer picture of current conditions and the strategies agencies are considering to stabilize their budgets.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6d50c009https://escholarship.org/content/qt6d50c009/qt6d50c009.pdfinfo:doi/10.7922/G21G0JP1articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7st7q7dt2026-06-15T09:06:49Zqt7st7q7dtA Prodrug Strategy to Conditionally Trap Therapeutic Payloads for Improved Tumor RetentionKang, DeokheePandey, ApurvaKumar, GarimaMehta, Abijeet SinghDetomasi, Tyler CAnderson, DashiellBardine, ConnerAsper, GarrisonQi, JunyangNadig, IshaCui, YifanQuimby, Fiona MLing, JesseSeo, YounghoCohen, Bruce EAnwar, MekhailEvans, Michael JCraik, Charles S2026-01-01Altered extracellular proteolysis has been exploited to selectively activate therapeutics in diseases such as cancer; however, once activated, extracellular drugs can diffuse away, limiting efficacy. We address this challenge by coupling proteolytic activation with membrane tethering to retain drugs within diseased tissue. To accomplish this, we developed “restricted interaction peptides” (RIPs), a delivery platform that leverages elevated proteolytic activity to activate membrane-interacting peptides, localizing cargos near the site of proteolysis. We demonstrate that RIPs can deliver diverse therapeutic cargos, including cytotoxins and radioisotopes. As proof of concept, we engineered “FRIP,” a RIP designed for cleavage by fibroblast activation protein (FAP), an endoprotease upregulated in solid tumors and fibrosis. Efficient P4–P4’ substrate sequences were identified and incorporated into FRIPs. Cell-based studies showed that, upon activation, the peptide adhered to membranes rapidly internalized and successfully delivered therapeutic cargos. Consistent with this, FRIPs delivering MMAE inhibited proliferation in an FAP-dependent manner. Imaging studies confirmed tumor targeting with minimal uptake in normal tissues. Finally, FRIPs delivering MMAE or Cu-67 exhibited potent antitumor effects. These findings establish membrane tethering as a strategy to enhance drug retention.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Cancer (rcdc)5.1 Pharmaceuticals (hrcs-rac)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)03 Chemical Sciences (for)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7st7q7dthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7st7q7dt/qt7st7q7dt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acscentsci.6c00185articleACS Central Science, vol 12, iss 5719 - 730oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt392015352026-06-15T07:43:58Zqt39201535Characterization and clinical management of adverse events following treatment with repotrectinib: a TRIDENT-1 analysis.Drilon, AlexanderCho, ByoungCamidge, DNagasaka, MisakoBesse, BenjaminSolomon, BenjaminGoto, KoichiWolf, JürgenPopat, SanjayFelip, EnriquetaYang, Nongde Langen, AdrianusLu, ShunVelcheti, VamsidharLin, AndrewCalvet, ChristopheLi, LiTschaika, MarinaAfsar, SalmanYang, HaisuLin, Jessica2026-05-01BackgroundRepotrectinib, a next-generation ROS1/TRK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for ROS1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer and NTRK fusion-positive solid tumors. Its side effects and safety management strategies require further characterization.Patients and methodsThe safety profile of repotrectinib (treatment-emergent/related adverse events [TEAEs/TRAEs]) was established in patients who initiated treatment at the recommended dose (160 mg daily [QD] for 14 days, then 160 mg twice daily [BID]) across all cohorts of the global, multicenter phase 1/2 TRIDENT-1 study. AE management strategies were outlined.ResultsIn 472 patients, the most common TRAEs (dizziness [58%] and dysgeusia [50%]) were likely TRK inhibition-related. Median relative dose intensity was 90%; 14% (n = 66/472) of patients did not increase their initial QD dose to BID (mostly due to CNS AEs). Rates of dizziness (median onset, 7 days) were similar in patients with/without baseline brain metastases. Dose modifications downgraded severity or resolved dizziness in 78% of patients; 58% of patients had pharmacologic intervention without dose modification. Dizziness was downgraded/resolved in 62% (n = 120/195) of patients who did not receive dose modification or pharmacologic intervention. Treatment-related cognitive impairment and weight gain occurred in 19% and 12% of patients, respectively. Treatment-emergent withdrawal pain occurred in 14% of patients (median resolution time, 2.1 weeks). Dose interruption and reduction from TRAEs occurred in 39% and 38% of patients, respectively; 10% reported later re-escalation back to 160 mg BID.ConclusionMany repotrectinib AEs, including neurological AEs secondary to TRK inhibition, were mitigated with appropriate management, including dose modification and/or pharmacologic intervention.HumansCarcinomaNon-Small-Cell LungLung NeoplasmsPyrazolesPyrimidinesProtein Kinase InhibitorsAdultAgedAged80 and overMiddle AgedFemaleMaleDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactionsapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/39201535https://escholarship.org/content/qt39201535/qt39201535.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/oncolo/oyag137articleThe Oncologist, vol 31, iss 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt19k657862026-06-15T07:41:01Zqt19k65786Wdfy3-dependent autophagy impairment recapitulates presymptomatic neurodegenerative signatures in mice.Vorkapich, AldoMustafa, ArshiFlores-Torres, AmandaZarbalis, KonstantinosGiulivi, Cecilia2026-04-01WDFY3/ALFY is an adaptor protein involved in selective autophagy. Loss of Wdfy3 in mice causes severe deficits in neuronal health, and pathogenic mutations in WDFY3 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. As impaired autophagy is increasingly implicated in Parkinsons disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated whether Wdfy3 haploinsufficiency produces early molecular and cellular signatures of neurodegeneration in Wdfy3+/lacZ mice, given that these diseases often exhibit presymptomatic alterations preceding overt clinical manifestations. Cortical tissue from 3-month-old presymptomatic mice showed significant proteomic overlap with both patient-derived PD cell lines and human brain proteomic datasets, particularly from the substantia nigra, underscoring the translational relevance of this model. Consistent with disease progression, immunofluorescence analyses of the cortex and substantia nigra from 14-month-old mice revealed significant dysregulation of multiple markers associated with neurodegeneration. Together, these findings demonstrate that impaired autophagy resulting from reduced Wdfy3 expression recapitulates key features of neurodegenerative disease at both early and later stages. By providing a platform to investigate presymptomatic pathogenic mechanisms, this model may inform the development and testing of future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving neuronal health.Substantia NigraAnimalsHumansMiceParkinson DiseaseNeurodegenerative DiseasesDisease ModelsAnimalAdaptor ProteinsSignal TransducingProteomicsAutophagyapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/19k65786https://escholarship.org/content/qt19k65786/qt19k65786.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41598-026-43314-0articleScientific Reports, vol 16, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1856f3gn2026-06-15T07:39:32Zqt1856f3gnFractional free convolution powersShlyakhtenko, DimitriTao, Terence2022-01-014904 Pure Mathematics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)0101 Pure Mathematics (for)0913 Mechanical Engineering (for)General Mathematics (science-metrix)4904 Pure mathematics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1856f3gninfo:doi/10.1512/iumj.2022.71.9163articleIndiana University Mathematics Journal, vol 71, iss 62551 - 2594oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2454z7qx2026-06-15T07:39:00Zqt2454z7qxTropical impacts of the Southern Ocean underestimated by mean-state biases.Dong, YueLu, KezhouHwang, Yen-TingHu, Ruei-JiaCeppi, PauloBreul, PhilippRoach, LettieDeser, Clara2026-06-01Observed sea-surface temperature (SST) trends over recent decades feature cooling in the tropical eastern Pacific and the Southern Ocean (SO). Growing evidence suggests that tropical cooling may partly stem from remote impacts of the SO. Using a hierarchy of multimodel simulations, we demonstrate that these teleconnections are robustly modulated by the mean-state intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ): Models with a more realistic ITCZ simulate a stronger tropical SST response to SO forcing via stronger wind-evaporation-SST feedback. When realistic Antarctic meltwater forcing is included, correcting a models tropical mean-state bias yields a stronger tropical cooling response to meltwater-driven SO cooling, improving the agreement between simulated and observed SST trends. Our results suggest that the SOs contribution to tropical warming patterns is systematically underestimated due to model mean-state biases. Improving representations of the mean-state climate is therefore critical for accurately assessing large-scale climate responses associated with historical and future warming patterns.application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2454z7qxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2454z7qx/qt2454z7qx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1126/sciadv.aed1936articleScience Advances, vol 12, iss 23oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3311m5sc2026-06-15T07:36:54Zqt3311m5scExploring CAR cell therapies beyond CAR-T for myeloid malignancies.Li, Yan-RuideChen, YuningYang, Lili2026-06-01Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in several hematologic malignancies; however, their application in myeloid malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains limited, with no FDA-approved products to date. This limited progress largely reflects both efficacy challenges and safety concerns. CAR-T cells demonstrate poor trafficking and persistence within the bone marrow, limited activity against leukemia stem cells (LSCs), and reliance on antigens such as CD33 and CD123 that are also expressed on normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, resulting in significant on-target off-tumor toxicity. Given these limitations, attention has increasingly shifted toward alternative CAR-engineered immune cells, including CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells, CAR-invariant natural killer T (CAR-NKT) cells, and CAR-macrophages (CAR-Ms). These platforms offer unique advantages, such as intrinsic antitumor activity, distinct trafficking properties, reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and potentially safer antigen recognition profiles, that may help overcome barriers faced by CAR-T cells. In this review, we highlight the challenges of applying conventional CAR-T cells to myeloid malignancies, examine emerging alternative CAR-cell platforms, and discuss how their unique biology and engineering strategies may provide safer, more effective, and more accessible therapeutic options for patients with these difficult-to-treat cancers.AnimalsHumansHematologic NeoplasmsMyelodysplastic SyndromesImmunotherapyAdoptiveLeukemiaMyeloidAcuteReceptorsChimeric Antigenapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3311m5schttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3311m5sc/qt3311m5sc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/s12929-026-01265-8articleJournal of Biomedical Science, vol 33, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9490m93h2026-06-15T07:34:55Zqt9490m93hAssociation Between Age at Kidney Transplantation and Risk of Early Graft Loss.Marroquin, KarinaFrazier, KrystleMcculloch, ChuckGrimes, BarbaraKu, Elaine2026-06-01BackgroundAdolescence has been identified as a high-risk period for graft failure. However, existing knowledge on this topic is largely limited to long-term graft outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between age at kidney transplantation and early graft loss, defined as graft failure within 3 years post-transplantation in the contemporary era.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of 55 973 first-time kidney transplant recipients identified in the U.S. Renal Data System from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2021. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between age at transplantation and early graft failure including an interaction term for race/ethnicity.ResultsAdolescents (12 to < 18 years) and young adults (18 to < 26 years) were at the highest risk of early death-censored graft loss compared to young adults (26 to < 40 years), with hazard ratios of 1.95 (95% CI 1.74-2.17) and 2.01 (95% CI 1.86-2.17), respectively. Additionally, we found that the effect of age on early graft loss varied significantly by race, with disparities observed among Asian and Black youth.ConclusionThese findings highlight a persistently elevated risk in adolescents and young adults in the contemporary era.HumansKidney FailureChronicKidney TransplantationProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsRetrospective StudiesAge FactorsGraft RejectionGraft SurvivalAdolescentAdultChildUnited StatesFemaleMaleYoung Adultapplication/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9490m93hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9490m93h/qt9490m93h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1111/petr.70373articlePediatric Transplantation, vol 30, iss 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0mr6438m2026-06-15T07:32:57Zqt0mr6438mSpinal Implant-Associated Infection in Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes: Phenotype-Specific Inflammatory Features and Therapeutic Response to Semaglutide.Olson, ThomasLloyd, TrevorHamad, ChristopherChun, ReneWiener, JoshuaGolzar, AutreenMehany, JoshuaShahamatdar, SoroushKittredge, AndrewPearce, LaurenFrancis, KevinObeidin, FarresHolly, LangstonYeaman, MichaelAdams, JohnBernthal, NicholasSheppard, William2026-06-01BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for postoperative infection and wound complications in spine surgery, yet distinctions between Type 2 (T2DM) and Type 1 (T1DM) pathophysiology are rarely addressed. This study compares infectious burden, wound healing, and immune response among a murine model of spinal implant-associated infection of T2DM, T1DM, and nondiabetic control mice before and after metabolic intervention with the GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), semaglutide.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin induction (T1DM) or a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (T2DM). Spinal implants were placed and inoculated with bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus. Infection progression was monitored longitudinally by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Systemic inflammation was characterized through multiplex cytokine profiling, and paraspinal tissues were analyzed by histology and multiplex immunofluorescence.ResultsBoth diabetic models demonstrated greater infection burden, delayed wound healing, and distinct systemic inflammatory profiles compared with controls. T2DM was characterized by chronically elevated baseline inflammation and a blunted acute response to infection, whereas T1DM exhibited low baseline activity but exaggerated and dysregulated cytokine induction. Semaglutide attenuated infection severity, improved wound integrity, and partially normalized inflammatory patterns. Histology and immunofluorescence corroborated these findings, showing reduced immune cell infiltration and improved tissue organization in semaglutide-treated cohorts.ConclusionsT2DM and T1DM are associated with differing inflammatory and immune features in murine spinal implant-associated infection. Metabolic modulation with semaglutide restores immune balance, reduces infection severity, and promotes wound repair. These findings support exploration of GLP-1RA-based therapies to improve surgical outcomes in diabetic patients.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mr6438mhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0mr6438m/qt0mr6438m.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/jsp2.70196articleJOR Spine, vol 9, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2tm976ck2026-06-15T07:30:56Zqt2tm976ckThe use of race and ethnicity in air pollution epidemiology and methodological recommendations: A scoping review focusing on California.Dey, ArnabChen, ChenDo, VivianZhou, ShirleyGonzalez, RaulBenmarhnia, Tarik2026-06-01Air pollution remains a significant global health risk, and exposure to air pollutants can lead to multiple health issues across the life course. Air pollution is also an environmental justice issue and plays a crucial role in health disparities across racial and ethnic groups, through both differential exposure and differential vulnerability. Historical patterns of discriminatory siting of emission sources have led to differential exposure to air pollution among racial and ethnic groups. Differential vulnerability, influenced by social factors and community composition, further exacerbates health inequities. Given these complex mechanisms through which race and ethnicity (RE) influence both exposure and vulnerability to air pollution, it is important to understand how RE is operationalized in air pollution epidemiology and identify methodological opportunities. We conducted a scoping review to summarize the use of RE in air pollution epidemiology literature with a focus on California. From January 2000 to July 2025, we identified a total of 178 publications, excluding those that only used RE as a confounder. The number of studies exploring air pollution disparity across RE or RE as effect modifiers for the air pollution-outcome relationship increased over time, but the number of publications exploring the mediating role of air pollution in outcome disparity across RE remained low. We identified several methodological practices that warrant further consideration and provided corresponding methodological recommendations that can help researchers and policymakers better understand current practices for consideration of RE in air pollution-related health studies.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tm976ckhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2tm976ck/qt2tm976ck.pdfinfo:doi/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000485articleEnvironmental Epidemiology, vol 10, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6vs6d75d2026-06-15T06:43:44Zqt6vs6d75dSpeciation and Reactivity of Nickel Complexes Relevant to Cross-Coupling CatalysisRaab, Thomas JudahDoyle, Abigail Gutmann2026-06-11Chapter 1 describes an oxidation protocol using tribromide salts that allows for the generation of a well-defined nickel(I) precursor, [Ni(COD)Br]2 (COD =1,5-cyclooctadiene), as well as several new Ni(I) complexes. Included among them are complexes bearing bulky monophosphines, for which structure–speciation relationships are established and catalytic reactivity in a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) is investigated. Notably, these routes also allow for the synthesis of well-defined monomeric bipyridine-bound Ni(I) complexes, which has not previously been achieved. These complexes, which react with aryl halides, can enable previously challenging mechanistic investigations and present new opportunities for catalysis and synthesis.
Chapter 2 describes the speciation and reactivity of well-defined low-valent (bipyridine)Ni complexes to better understand their behavior in catalytic systems. Spectroscopic and stoichiometric studies were used to identify a solvent dependence on rates of the irreversible dimerization of (t-Bubpy)NiBr (t-Bubpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine), measured rates for the activation of aryl halides and alkyl halides by (t-Bubpy)Ni(I) and (t-Bubpy)Ni(0), and found that the reduction of (t-Bubpy)NiBr to Ni(0) is inefficient with common heterogeneous metal reductants. Taken together, these studies enabled us to propose a general mechanism for cross-electrophile coupling reactions.
Chapter 3 describes the design of a bisphosphine, DiploPhos, that outperforms state-of-the-art ligands for Ni to achieve sterically hindered Ni SMCs. Catalyst speciation studies revealed the hemilabile nature of DiploPhos, which improves reactivity relative to stronger chelating ligands but also leads to the formation of less-active DiploPhos-bridged aggregates. Lewis basic functionality (present on substrates or additives) was found to promote the disaggregation of these species and led to increased SMC yields. This observation is contrary to most other systems in which Lewis basic substrates inhibit Ni-catalyzed SMC reactions. Ligand exchange studies demonstrated that despite its hemilability, DiploPhos is more resistant to displacement by heterocycles than similar bisphosphines. Together, these properties led to best-in-class reactivity for sterically hindered, Lewis base-rich Ni SMCs. 第一章描述了一种利用三溴化物盐的氧化方法，该方法能够制备结构明确的镍(I)前体 [Ni(COD)Br]2（其中 COD = 1,5-环辛二烯），以及多种新型镍(I)配合物。其中包括含有大位阻单膦配体的配合物；针对这些配合物，本章确立了其结构与物种形态之间的构效关系，并考察了其在 Suzuki–Miyaura 偶联反应（SMC）中的催化活性。值得注意的是，这些合成路线还能制备结构明确的单体双吡啶配位镍(I)配合物，而此类配合物的制备在此前尚未实现。这些配合物能够与芳基卤化物发生反应，从而为此前极具挑战性的机理研究提供了可行途径，同时也为催化与合成领域带来了新的机遇。 第二章描述了结构明确的低价（联吡啶）镍配合物的物种形态及反应活性，旨在加深对其在催化体系中行为的理解。通过光谱学和化学计量学研究，我们确定了溶剂对 (t-Bubpy)NiBr（其中 t-Bubpy = 4,4′-二叔丁基-2,2′-联吡啶）不可逆二聚反应速率的影响；测定了 (t-Bubpy)Ni(I) 和 (t-Bubpy)Ni(0) 活化芳基卤化物及烷基卤化物的反应速率；并发现利用常见的非均相金属还原剂将 (t-Bubpy)NiBr 还原为 Ni(0) 的过程效率低下。综合上述研究结果，我们提出了一种适用于交叉亲电偶联反应的普适性机理。 第三章描述了一种双膦配体 DiploPhos 的设计；该配体在镍催化体系中的性能超越了现有的最先进配体，从而成功实现了空间位阻较大的镍催化 SMC（Suzuki-Miyaura 偶联）反应。催化剂物种形态研究揭示了 DiploPhos 具有“半易变”特性（hemilabile nature）；这一特性在提升反应活性的同时（相较于螯合能力更强的配体），也会导致形成活性较低的 DiploPhos 桥联聚集体。研究发现，路易斯碱性官能团（存在于底物或添加剂中）能够促进这些聚集体的解聚，进而提高了 SMC 反应的产率。这一观察结果与大多数其他催化体系的情况截然相反，因为在那些体系中，路易斯碱性底物往往会对镍催化的 SMC 反应产生抑制作用。配体交换研究表明，尽管 DiploPhos 具有半易变特性，但相较于其他同类双膦配体，它在面对杂环化合物的取代进攻时表现出更强的抵抗能力。综合上述特性，DiploPhos 在针对空间位阻大且富含路易斯碱性官能团的底物所进行的镍催化 SMC 反应中，展现出了同类体系中首屈一指的反应活性。Inorganic chemistryOrganic chemistryChemistrycatalysiscross-couplingnickelorganometallics催化镍publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vs6d75detdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40t3s0332026-06-15T06:43:39Zqt40t3s033Allele-specific splicing modulates protein isoforms and Alzheimer’s riskKing, Alison JoyceXiao, Xinshu2026-06-11Despite growing catalogs of genetic variation linked to human traits and diseases, the functional impact of most genetic variants remains poorly understood. Alternative splicing, particularly in the human brain, represents a key layer of post-transcriptional regulation that may mediate genetic effects on gene expression and protein diversity. In this study, we systematically map allele-specific alternative splicing (ASAS) events in postmortem brain tissues from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank cohort, identifying hundreds of genetically regulated splicing events across four brain regions. Using a concordance-based method, we nominate over 500 putative functional SNPs associated with ASAS, many of which overlap splicing QTLs (sQTLs), RNA-binding protein binding sites, and GWAS loci for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain traits, and immune phenotypes. ASAS events are enriched in genes involved in mitochondrial function and frequently occur in 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs), where they are associated with protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), alternative start codons, and isoform-specific domain changes – highlighting an underappreciated mechanism through which noncoding variants can influence translation and proteome complexity. Importantly, we also identify a subset of ASAS events exhibiting disease-specific splicing patterns in AD brains, including functional SNPs with opposing splicing effects between AD and control groups in genes implicated in mitochondrial function and neuronal signaling. Together, our results provide a brain-specific, splicing-resolved map of regulatory variation and uncover novel mechanisms linking genetic variation to transcript and protein-level changes in AD. This work highlights the importance of allele-specific splicing analysis for interpreting noncoding variation in complex human disorders.BioinformaticsGeneticsNeurosciencesAlzheimer's Diseasegenetic riskisoformsplicingpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40t3s033multimediaoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2bs6j37j2026-06-15T06:43:34Zqt2bs6j37jAccelerated Prediction of Inertial Particle Transport in Viscous Streaming FlowsWu, QiyuanEldredge, Jeffrey D2026-06-11Viscous streaming fows, generated when a body oscillates at moderate Reynolds number, produce cellular structures that trap and transport inertial particles—a mechanism with applications in microfuidic sorting and targeted drug delivery. Predicting mean particle trajectories in these flows is computationally challenging because the transient from rest to a periodic steady state must be resolved at the much smaller viscous time scale, creating a bottleneck for exploring the large parameter space of body geometry and oscillation conditions.We develop a frequency-domain fnite-element framework that bypasses this transient entirely. The governing equations are recast in time-harmonic form, replacing time-marching with two sparse linear solves: a complex-valued unsteady Stokes problem for the oscillatory frst-order fow and a steady Stokes problem for the second-order mean streaming feld. An iterative multipole far-feld boundary condition, ftted from the computed interior solution, truncates the infnite fuid domain compactly without sacrifcing interior accuracy. Together, these formulations replace the O(103) time steps a time-domain method needs to march through the startup transient with two sparse solves per confguration. The framework is discretized with Taylor–Hood P2–P1 fnite elements on body-ftted unstructured meshes, and superconvergent patch recovery provides the smooth velocity gradients required by the Stokes drift and Safman lift. Once the streaming feld is in hand, particle trajectories for any combination of particle parameters are obtained by integrating the Lagrangian-mean velocity feld at negligible additional cost.We verify the method against the closed-form analytical solution for an oscillating cylinder at Re = 20, 40, and 80, and demonstrate it on a tilted ellipse, a flleted square, and a three-cylinder array driven by sequential single-body actuation. The results confrm the method’s accuracy, geometric fexibility, and efciency.Aerospace engineeringFluid mechanicsApplied mathematicsFinite element methodFrequency-domain methodInertial particle transportMicrofluidicsMultipole boundary conditionViscous streamingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bs6j37jhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2bs6j37j/qt2bs6j37j.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51k614ps2026-06-15T06:43:30Zqt51k614psInterfacial and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Flux-less AgIn2-coated Indium Thermal Interface Material for High-Performance ComputingOh, JiseongIyer, Subramanian S2026-06-11This thesis presents the interfacial and thermo-mechanical characterization of a next-generation flux-less Indium thermal interface material (TIM) architecture utilizing an AgIn2 intermetallic compound (IMC) passivation layer, specifically developed to mitigate severe thermal bottlenecks in high-power density heterogeneous integration and large-area wafer-scale integration for high-performance computing (HPC). To overcome the inherently high interfacial thermal resistance and operational failure risks—such as material pump-out and leakage short-circuits—associated with conventional carbon-based TIMs and liquid metals, this thesis introduces an oxygen-suppressing AgIn2-coated Indium preform tailored for reliable bonding on optimized Cu/Ni/Au metallization substrates without the organic flux residues. Experimental characterization demonstrates that the proposed flux-less AgIn2-coated Indium TIM bonding sample effectively eliminates volatile organic outgassing, securing a continuous metallic joint with an initial void fraction of 1.12% and an exceptionally low interfacial thermal resistance (RTIM) of 3.7 mm2·K/W. Furthermore, accelerated aging via 100 cycles of the temperature cycling test (TCT) confirms long-term thermo-mechanical reliability; while the flux-based sample showed a 27.3% thermal resistance increase due to the entrapped flux residue expansion, the flux-less AgIn2 joints restricted their thermal resistance increase to a negligible 5.4% (3.9 mm2·K/W) and confined mechanical shear strength degradation to just 1.7% through a precipitation hardening mechanism. Furthermore, Ansys 3D thermal simulations indicate that under a peak workload of 4900 W, the flux-less AgIn2-coated Indium TIM suppresses the maximum junction temperature to a stable 80.3°C, completely preventing the thermal runaway (165.93°C) induced by traditional thermal grease. Remarkably, this compliant 150 µm-thick Indium joint matches the ideal thermal baseline of direct Cu-Cu thermal compression bonding (TCB) joint within a minimal margin of 4.73°C.Ultimately, this research demonstrates that the optimized flux-less AgIn2-coated Indium TIM successfully overcomes the critical challenges of large area Cu-Cu TCB for heat sink, including severe manufacturing complexities, high thermal budgets, and non-reworkable constraints. By establishing a highly scalable, mechanically compliant, and robustly reworkable engineering foundation, this developed packaging methodology serves as a viable, ultimate thermal management solution for next-generation advanced high-power computing ecosystems.EngineeringMaterials scienceThermodynamicsMechanical engineeringCu-Cu Thermal Compression Bonding (TCB)Indium TIMThermal Interface Material (TIM)Thermal ResistanceWafer Scale IntegrationpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51k614psetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0jc1q0p52026-06-15T06:43:24Zqt0jc1q0p5Inflammation as a key player in the deleterious effects of dim light at night in a mouse model of autismStark, GemmaBlock, Gene DColwell, Christopher S2026-06-11Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), such as intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), exhibit disturbances in their daily cycles of sleep and wake. It has also been documented that many young people with NDD spend prolonged time in front of electrical screens at night. Using the Contactin-associated protein-like 2 knockout (Cntnap2 KO) mouse model of ASD, that recapitulates several symptoms of this disorder including altered sleep/wake cycles, we investigated how an environmental circadian perturbation, such as exposure to light at nighttime, may synergistically or not affect genetically predisposed individuals. We have previously reported that exposure to dim-light at night (DLaN) for two weeks worsens the activity rhythms and repetitive behavior of these mutants and elicitsan increased expression of cFos in a glutamatergic cell population in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), an area associated with repetitive behavior along with the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In addition, an increase in the number of microglia, the immune resident cells of the CNS, was
triggered by DLaN in the PFC along with cytomorphological changes. Given these findings, my thesis project aimed at exploring whether DLaN affects microglia in the BLA and if this cell type, and consequent (neuro)inflammation, act as a key mediator of the DLaN-driven effects in both the PFC and BLA, two regions closely tied to the abnormal behaviors observed in individuals affected by ASD. These findings suggest that DLaN exposure may provoke an inflammatory cascade in these brain areas, with the Cntnap2 KO mice exhibiting a heightened vulnerability to this neuroimmune response compared to their wild-type counterparts.PhysiologyCellular biologyNeurosciencesapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jc1q0p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt0jc1q0p5/qt0jc1q0p5.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6sr7284k2026-06-15T06:43:19Zqt6sr7284kThe Role of Hippocampus in Navigational Learning and Decision MakingWang, ShiyunBlair, Hugh2026-06-11Navigation requires animals to learn where they are, predict where actions will lead, and choose actions according to expected outcomes. The hippocampus has long been associated with navigation through its spatial representations, but its precise role in value-based decision making remains unresolved. This dissertation examines hippocampal contributions to navigational learning and decision making through the framework of reinforcement learning, with particular attention to the distinction between model-based and model-free control.Chapter 1 reviews how reinforcement learning concepts can be applied to spatial navigation. It first defines navigational states, actions, rewards, and values, and then considers how hippocampal place cells may contribute to state representation in both spatial and non-spatial domains. Evidence from win-stay/win-shift tasks, water mazes, plus mazes, and computational models suggests that hippocampal involvement cannot be explained simply by labeling behaviors as model-based or model-free. Instead, the hippocampus may contribute whenever allocentric or relational state representations are behaviorally useful. The chapter further considers how hippocampal theta sequences and sharp-wave ripple replay may support encoding, retrieval, planning, value propagation, and updating of state relationships. Chapter 2 experimentally tests whether hippocampal-dependent navigation necessarily implies outcome-sensitive, goal-directed control. Rats learned a two-outcome spatial decision task in which identical turning actions led to different rewards depending on choice-point location. Some task conditions required hippocampal-dependent spatial discrimination, whereas others allowed hippocampal-independent performance. After extensive training, rats showed outcome-insensitive choice behavior even when accurate task performance depended on the hippocampus. However, explicit revaluation training produced outcome-sensitive behavior, demonstrating that the task could reveal revaluation sensitivity under appropriate conditions. These findings show that hippocampal representations can support navigational decisions under both value-sensitive and value-insensitive control. Together, this dissertation argues that use of a hippocampal cognitive map does not by itself define goal-directed behavior; rather, outcome sensitivity depends on how hippocampal state representations are coupled to systems that encode and update reward value.PsychologyNeurosciencesBehavioral sciencesAnimal sciencesCognitive psychologyDecision makingHabitHippocampusNavigationReinforcement Learningapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sr7284khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6sr7284k/qt6sr7284k.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8wp2b7cs2026-06-15T06:43:14Zqt8wp2b7csEnhancing Labor Management Through Evidence Based Care: A Nurse-led Educational InterventionSubedee, PratimaChen, Wei Ti WTC2026-06-11Background: Cesarean birth rates, particularly among low-risk nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex pregnancies, remain a major perinatal quality concern. Although cesarean delivery is lifesaving when clinically indicated, unnecessary primary cesareans are associated with increased maternal morbidity, complications in future pregnancies, and higher healthcare costs. Nationally, the NTSV cesarean rate remains above the Healthy People 2030 target of ≤23.6%, and substantial variation across hospitals suggests that practice differences, not patient risk alone, contribute to avoidable cesarean births. At the project site, the NTSV cesarean rate was consistently higher exceeding national benchmarks. Labor and delivery nurses are central to evidence-based intrapartum care due to their continuous bedside presence, clinical judgment, patient advocacy, and implementation of physiologic labor support strategies. However, inconsistent knowledge, confidence, and application of standardized labor management practices may contribute to variation in care. This Doctor of Nursing Practice quality-improvement project implemented a structured, nurse-led educational intervention to enhance labor nurses’ knowledge and self-efficacy in applying evidence-based intrapartum practices, supporting guideline-concordant care and foundational efforts to reduce unnecessary primary cesarean births. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of a structured, nurse-led educational intervention combining a PowerPoint presentation and hands-on practice improved labor and delivery nurses’ knowledge and self-efficacy in applying evidence-based intrapartum labor management compared with a PowerPoint presentation alone over a 4-week implementation period. Methods: This quality-improvement project used a quasi-experimental pre–post design to evaluate the effect of a structured, nurse-led educational intervention on labor and delivery nurses’ knowledge and self-efficacy in evidence-based intrapartum care. The intervention included a standardized voice-over PowerPoint module aligned with CMQCC and ACOG guidelines, with an optional hands-on practice component focused on maternal positioning, labor-support tools, and case-based applications. A convenience sample of 68 labor and delivery nurses completed pre- and post-intervention surveys over a 4-week implementation period. Knowledge was assessed using investigator-developed items, and self-efficacy was measured using the validated Self-Efficacy Labor Support Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Cohen’s d, and Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Knowledge and self-efficacy improved significantly following the intervention. Mean knowledge scores increased from 78.31% to 92.46%, t(67) = −4.36, p < .001, Cohen’s d = 0.52. Mean self-efficacy scores increased from 5.81 to 6.59, t(67) = −5.42, p < .001, Cohen’s d = 0.66. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests confirmed significant improvements in both outcomes. Secondary analysis showed no significant difference in knowledge gains between PowerPoint-only and PowerPoint plus hands-on groups; however, self-efficacy gains were significantly greater among nurses who completed both didactic and hands-on training (p = .002). Exploratory analyses indicated that less experienced nurses demonstrated greater gains, while education level and work shift were not significantly associated with outcomes. Conclusion: This DNP project demonstrated that a structured, nurse-led educational intervention is a feasible strategy to improve labor and delivery nurses’ knowledge and self-efficacy in evidence-based intrapartum care. Although outcomes were limited to nurse-level measures, these competency gains support readiness for guideline-concordant practice and future perinatal quality improvement efforts. The findings highlight bedside nurses’ critical role in promoting safe, consistent, and patient-centered maternity care.NursingEducationObstetricsHealth care managementCesarean sectionEvidence based practiceLaborLabor managementNTSVNurseapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wp2b7cshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8wp2b7cs/qt8wp2b7cs.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2613z91d2026-06-15T06:43:09Zqt2613z91dStained in Blood: Desire and the Sacred Male Torso in Italy, c.1500Glaser, Rachel MarielWIlson, Bronwen2026-06-11By the early sixteenth century, the unclothed sacred body had become a mainstay in Christian art. The popularity of the religious nude raised questions about what the sacred body should look like: should it stress the suffering of Christ by presenting an emaciated, bloody body as it did in the late medieval period, or his ultimate triumph over suffering in the form of a beautiful, unblemished body as reformed by Michelangelo? Both approaches to representations carried the potential to undermine Christ’s divinity – the former by overemphasizing his human suffering, the latter by inspiring lust in its viewers. This thesis investigates this long-standing debate using three distinctive, but anomalous, artworks in which attempts to realize the idealized sacred body are undercut by their representational idiosyncrasies— Fra Bartolomeo’s St. Sebastian with an Angel (c. 1514-1516), Andrea del Castagno’s Crucifixion (c. 1447), and Donato Bramante’s Christ at the Column (c. 1490–99). The histories of these paintings suggest that all three paintings raised, and continue to raise, questions about the nude male in devotional painting, even while they show that such arguments about the religious nude and the presence of blood may be largely theoretical.Art historyFine artsGender studiesDivinityAndrea del CastagnoDonato BramanteEarly ModernFra BartolomeoGenderRenaissancepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2613z91detdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6wh8m0v42026-06-15T06:43:04Zqt6wh8m0v4The Spirit of White American Femininity: The (Implicit) Politics of Competition Dance in Louisville, KentuckyRoth, Samantha RaeBanerji, AnurimaRazack, Sherene2026-06-11This dissertation is the first critical ethnographic study of competition dance, one of the most prevalent types of formal dance training for US youth, which emerged in the late 1970s. Competition dance is overwhelmingly, but not exclusively, practiced by young, white, middle-class girls. Competition choreographies regularly feature Black popular dances and other culturally specific movement forms; yet they are largely performed according to Euro-American aesthetic values. Beginning with, yet departing from, this demographic dominance and the practice’s politics of representation, this dissertation analyzes the bodily aesthetics, physical movements, interpersonal expectations, and political economic infrastructures of competition dance practices in Louisville, Kentucky and the surrounding areas. The project uses multiple methods including immersive ethnographic fieldwork (participant-observation and qualitative interviews), archival research, discourse analysis, and choreographic analysis. Employing an interlocking analytic, which posits that systems of oppression function through each other rather than merely intersecting, the dissertation then shows how local competition dance practices often tacitly perpetuate historical forms of gendered, racial, class, and colonial violence.Within this analysis, the dissertation particularly centers gendered choreographies of racial power, denoting how White American Femininity functions as a performative social construction, rather than essentialized identity, that consists of kinesthetic, aesthetic, and affective norms, which anyone can (aspire to) enact. The project traces the reification and reproduction of idealized and (de)sexualized tropes and historical roles in exciting and energetic performances (that dominate others), unwavering commitments to dance studios and teams despite personal costs, and never-ending labor done for the good of children. The project argues that competition dance in Louisville performs and disseminates the spirit of White American Femininity—the affective and ideological fictions that sustain white supremacy, capitalism, settler colonialism, and cisheteropatriarchy—as a giving ethos, a divine athleticism, team loyalty, and an emotional wage that are haunted by and spectacularize the violence of US empire.DanceEthnic studiesGender studiesPolitical scienceWomens studiesAmerican studiescisheteropatriarchycompetition danceLouisville KentuckyWhite American Femininitywhite supremacypubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wh8m0v4etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8x8843052026-06-15T06:42:59Zqt8x884305The Ballad’s Racial Borders: Race, Nationalism, and Imperialism in the Nineteenth-Century BalladFebo, VanessaCohen, Michael C.2026-06-11The Ballad’s Racial Borders takes the ballad genre as a lens through which to examine how nineteenth-century poems engage with developing nationalisms in extant and former colonies of the British Empire. It focuses on the ballad’s racial foundations, rooted in Anglo-Saxonism and White Britishness, which shape this discourse. For those in the nineteenth century, the ballad was a relic of England’s supposed cultural origins; the genre’s contours were defined by the numerous collectors and writers who documented, categorized, and anthologized old ballads. Poets who wrote new ballads during this period connected with this ancient English culture, helping to construct a new British nationalism. However, this dissertation contends that while the ballad genre engages with cultural and political formations, it is also defined by its ties to Anglo-Saxonism and British Whiteness. The racial underpinnings of the ballad are most clear when one explores poets writing from the peripheries or borders of the empire. Thus, this project examines poets writing from three different countries, each location having a different degree of connection to Britain: Toru Dutt and Rudyard Kipling writing from India; E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) and Duncan Campbell Scott writing from Canada; and Frances E.W. Harper and Margaret J. Preston writing from the southern United States. Through the ballad lens, Dutt’s Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan and Kipling’s Barrack-Room Ballads, and Other Verses help us to better understand the temporal and racial relationship between India, Scotland, Ireland, and England. Ballads from Johnson’s The White Wampum and Scott’s New World Lyrics and Ballads connect indigeneity to the construction of a Canadian national identity after Confederation. The third chapter departs from countries under British imperialism. Instead, Harper’s Sketches of Southern Life and Preston’s Colonial Ballads, Sonnets, and Other Verse reveal how ballads from the United States’s Reconstruction era develop a postbellum nationalism that might draw from or refute claims to an Anglo-Saxon cultural legacy.LiteratureAmerican literatureBritish & Irish literatureBalladNineteenth CenturyPoetryTransatlantic LiteraturepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x884305etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9xs2b9kf2026-06-15T06:42:55Zqt9xs2b9kfCompilation and Architecture Design for Quantum ComputingLin, Wan-HsuanCong, Jason JC2026-06-11Quantum Computing has the potential in achieving exponential speedup in classical intractable problem. However, under current technology, quantum computers are still prone to errors caused by environment noises. Therefore, quantum error correction (QEC) protocol is necessary to realize large scale computation. Without enough qubits, e.g., 10,000 qubits, to perform full fault tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) experiment, we perform noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computation, which characterizes by quantum processors with up to a thousand of qubits, or partial FTQC computation by selectively protecting operations with a few thousands of qubits. In this region, to fully utilize the power of quantum computer, having a high quality compilation tool is crucial.Among all compilation stacks, quantum layout synthesis has a big impact on circuit fidelity. Quantum layout synthesis (QLS) is the process to map program qubits in a circuit to the target hardware and arrange the gate execution while satisfying different hardware constraints for different technologies. For example, a fix-connectivity architecture such as super conducting qubit platform provides a fixed qubit interaction once the chip is fabricated, and only support nearest-neighbor two-qubit interaction, while in the circuit, such interaction can happen on any pair of qubits. Therefore, QLS should accommodate the circuit connectivity to the hardware limitation by SWAP insertion. QLS for dynamic architectures such as neutral atom imposes different constraints. In such architecture, the qubit connectivity can be reconfigured by physical movement. Thus, instead of SWAP gates, QLS inserts physical movement to enable entanglement gates. In this dissertation, we focus on developing high-quality and scalable QLS tools for both fix and dynamic architectures and perform architecture evaluation and optimization.In addition to NISQ compilation, demonstrating quantum advantage before large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers become practical remains a central challenge. Early fault-tolerant quantum computing (EFTQC) addresses this gap by combining limited quantum error correction with resource-efficient execution. In this dissertation, we develop a real-time compilation framework for EFTQC architectures characterized by staged execution, online resource coordination, and probabilistic operations. The framework jointly coordinates resource preparation, assignment, routing, teleportation scheduling, and correction handling to exploit hardware reconfigurability and execution parallelism under dynamic runtime conditions. We demonstrate the framework on the neutral-atom STAR architecture and further show that the same compiler abstractions naturally extend to fault-tolerant execution based on T cultivation. This unified compilation approach improves execution efficiency while enabling architecture studies across both partially fault-tolerant and fully fault-tolerant quantum computing systems.Building on the compilation results, we perform an architecture study covering fixed-connectivity, dynamic, and partial-FTQC designs. For NISQ devices, careful architectural choices can substantially improve circuit fidelity. For fault-tolerant systems, forward-looking evaluation of which architectural components provide the greatest benefit is crucial to guide future hardware development.Computer scienceComputer engineeringArchitectureCompilationCustomized ArchitectureQuantum Computingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xs2b9kfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9xs2b9kf/qt9xs2b9kf.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3cg1t4qj2026-06-15T06:42:50Zqt3cg1t4qjNanoscale Characterization and Hydrothermal Synthesis of Egyptian Blue for Fluorescence Cooling ApplicationsKim, Isabella JhaeunDunn, Bruce2026-06-11Egyptian blue (CaCuSi4O10, cuprorivaite) is the world's oldest known synthetic pigment, first produced in ancient Egypt approximately 5,000 years ago. Beyond its historical significance, Egyptian blue represents a case where past and present technology could mutually benefit each other. Modern characterization technology has shed light on the details of ancient production, while the near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence of Egyptian blue has opened new avenues in applications. This dissertation is organized around the idea of linking past, present, and future by (1) examining archaeological samples of Egyptian blue, (2) improving the modern synthesis, and (3) exploring the potential of Egyptian blue in passive cooling applications.The first part of the dissertation presents a sub-micron scale analysis of Hellenistic Egyptian blue samples from Delos and Amathus, revealing information about ancient production technology that is inaccessible through bulk characterization alone. Thick amorphous intergranular films (AIFs) in the Delos ingot could suggest prolonged annealing. Grain size and high-density stacking faults in the Amathus paint provide evidence of mechanical grinding. CaSn3 nanoparticles in the glass phase of the same sample indicate localized reducing conditions.The second part of the dissertation investigates the hydrothermal synthesis of Chinese blue (BaCuSi4O10) and Egyptian blue as a low-temperature alternative to conventional synthesis. For Chinese blue, increasing the Si precursor ratio resulted a morphological progression from thin nanosheets to nanoscrolls to thicker plate-like structures, consistent with proposed rolling mechanism of nanoscroll formation. Egyptian blue was successfully synthesized at 350°C, showing the same trend of increasing nanostructure thickness with silica ratio.The third part of the dissertation provides preliminary results for the passive cooling potential of Egyptian blue’s NIR photoluminescence. Kubelka-Munk-based mixing models successfully predicted the pigment to barium sulfate ratios required to achieve chromatic matching across seven blue pigments. Under direct solar irradiance, Egyptian blue panels were consistently cooler than other chromatically equivalent alternatives throughout the day, with a temperature differential of up to 7°C.Together, these results show that Egyptian blue links archaeomaterials science, nanomaterial synthesis, and passive cooling, with a significance stretching from the ancient world to modern applications.Materials scienceEngineeringPhysical chemistryNanotechnologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cg1t4qjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3cg1t4qj/qt3cg1t4qj.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4sq4f1xp2026-06-15T06:42:44Zqt4sq4f1xpFundamental Study on the Nanotechnology-Enhanced Castability of High-Performance Aluminum AlloysChen, Guan-ChengLi, Xiaochun2026-06-11High-performance aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace, automotive, energy, and consumer electronic applications because of their high specific strength, heat-treatability, corrosion resistance, and good surface finishing capability. However, these alloys are traditionally processed through wrought routes because they are difficult to cast into complex geometries. Their wide freezing ranges, low fluidity, poor feeding behavior, and high susceptibility to hot cracking, shrinkage porosity, and rough surface formation limit their use in near-net-shape casting. This dissertation investigates nanoparticle-enhanced processing, or nano-treating, as a manufacturing strategy to improve the castability of high-performance aluminum alloys while maintaining their desirable material properties.The first part of this work examines the effect of TiC nanoparticles on the fluidity and solidification behavior of wrought aluminum alloys such as AA2024, AA6063, and AA7075. Vacuum fluidity testing showed that small additions of TiC nanoparticles significantly increased flow length and effectively reduced or eliminated hot cracking in all three alloy systems. Microstructural characterization revealed that untreated alloys formed coarse dendritic grains that interlocked at the flow front and stopped melt flow, while nano-treated alloys developed fine, equiaxed grains that formed a weaker semi-solid network and allowed the remaining liquid to continue flowing. Thermal analysis further confirmed that nanoparticles delayed solidification, postponed the formation of a coherent grain network, and maintained a higher liquid fraction during the final stages of solidification. These results demonstrate that nano-treating enhances castability by modifying the flow stoppage mechanism through grain refinement, delayed solidification, and improved liquid feeding. The second part of this dissertation investigates nanoparticle-induced interfacial energy modification and its role in thin-wall casting. Thermodynamic analysis showed that TiC nanoparticles tend to segregate to the metal-mold interface, reducing the effective solid-liquid interfacial energy and lowering the contact angle between molten aluminum and the ceramic mold surface. This improved wettability reduces capillary back-pressure, which becomes increasingly important in sub-millimeter casting cavities. Thin-wall investment casting of AA7075 confirmed that nano-treated alloys achieved better filling in 0.4 mm and 0.3 mm thick strips than untreated AA7075. In addition, nano-treated AA7075 exhibited lower surface roughness, refined equiaxed subsurface microstructure, and significantly reduced shrinkage porosity. For 2 mm thick strips, the porosity level decreased from 9.14% in untreated AA7075 to 0.29% in nano-treated AA7075. The improved surface and subsurface integrity also enabled a more uniform anodization result compared with untreated AA7075 and commercial A383 casting alloy. A predictive model was then developed to quantify the filling aspect ratio of thin-wall castings. The model couples pressure head, capillary back-pressure, melt velocity, and thermal stop time, with the nanoparticle effect introduced through contact angle changes derived from interfacial energy analysis. After calibration using the untreated AA7075 baseline, the model accurately predicted the aspect ratio trend for low and moderate TiC additions (e.g. less than 0.5 vol.%) in 0.3 mm strips. Deviations at higher nanoparticle content were attributed to increased apparent viscosity, particle-fluid interaction, and nanoparticle accumulation near the advancing flow front. Parametric studies further showed that both casting temperature and mold temperature improve filling capability, with mold temperature having a stronger effect. A thickness-limit study demonstrated that nano-treated AA7075 could fill a 0.2 mm cavity while untreated AA7075 could not, although both alloys remained unable to fill a 0.1 mm cavity under the present casting conditions. Finally, the practical capability of nanoparticle-enhanced casting was demonstrated through casting of parts with complex geometries. Nano-treated AA7075 successfully produced thin-wall turbine and smartwatch enclosure structures by rapid investment casting. For the turbine geometry, nano-treated AA7075 achieved a filling percentage of 96.44%, compared with 64.06% for untreated AA7075. The smartwatch enclosure study showed that nano-treated AA7075 can produce thin-wall structures with defect-free surfaces suitable for cosmetic applications after process optimization. This work was also extended to a nano-treated Al-Mn-Mg alloy system for gyroid heat exchanger structures. The optimized Al-3.5Mn-1Mg-NT alloy achieved higher strength and hardness than commercial AA3004 while maintaining comparable ductility, and it completely filled 0.5 mm-wall gyroid structures that AA3004 could only partially fill. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that nano-treating improves castability through three coupled mechanisms: solidification control, interfacial energy modification, and microstructural refinement. These mechanisms enhance fluidity, suppress hot cracking and shrinkage porosity, improve surface integrity, and enable the casting of thin-wall and complex geometries. By bridging the traditional gap between high material performance and manufacturability, nanoparticle-enhanced casting provides a pathway for producing lightweight, complex, and high-quality alloy components through efficient near-net-shape manufacturing.Mechanical engineeringMaterials scienceNanotechnologyAluminum alloyCastingManufacturingMetallurgyNanotechnologypubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sq4f1xpetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4p4134hx2026-06-15T06:42:39Zqt4p4134hxModeling Microglia-Neuronal Crosstalk in Neuropsychiatric DisordersHawken, Natalie MarieGeschwind, Daniel H2026-06-11Extensive study of autism (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) genetics has resulted in our understanding of these disorders as extremely heritable conditions. While genetic risk for these neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) mainly implicates genes expressed in pre-natal neurons, both conditions are associated with altered neuroimmune transcriptomic signatures. The development of stem cell differentiation protocols that recapitulate cell types present in the human brain has transformed and elevated in vitro modeling of NPDs. As a result, further mechanistic understanding of how NPD genetic risk and microglia, the brain’s resident macrophages, can be uncovered though stem cell-derived culture systems. In this dissertation, I combine validated differentiation protocols, NPD risk gene mutation, and transcriptomic analysis to learn more about prenatal neuron-microglia crosstalk in ASD and SCZ. First, I assess the transcriptomic and phenotypic validity of stem-cell derived microglia as a model for NPD biology. I confirm the compatibility of this system for co-culture modeling and identify the transcriptomic and cytokine signaling overlap with in vivo microglia. I find this model to superiorly model in vivo microglia compared to other available protocols. Second, I characterize the effects of ASD risk gene CHD8 haploinsufficiency on these microglia. I identify reduced immune response pathways and dampened cytokine signaling in CHD8+/- microglia consistent across multiple stem cell backgrounds. This work emphasizes how ASD genetic risk does not solely affect neuronal populations. Finally, I assess the genome-wide impact of NPD gene knockout in stem cell-derived neurons co-cultured with microglia. I pinpoint changes in neuronal apoptosis, synaptic organization, and proteostasis due to gene KO that are also modulated by microglia presence in culture. I connect drivers of transcriptomic changes in microglia and neurons to in vivo biology from studies of post-mortem NPD cortex. In sum, this work illustrates a comprehensive picture of the interplay of NPD genetic risk and neuroimmune communication and identifies potential neurodevelopmental mechanisms to explain microglia alterations in autism and schizophrenia.NeurosciencesCellular biologyGeneticsImmunologyautismmicroglianeuroimmuneschizophreniastem cell culturepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p4134hxetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9vg8s5qw2026-06-15T06:42:34Zqt9vg8s5qwMachine Learning Analysis of Case Clearance in Los Angeles Violent Crimes, 2020 to 2024Hong, ShuWu, Yingnian2026-06-11This thesis explores whether the information contained in initial police reports can help predict whether a crime will be solved. I employed two different definitions of "case clearance": a broad definition, under which any form of case closure is considered a clearance; and a strict definition, which counts a case as cleared only if an arrest is made. I ran three predictive models under each of these two definitions, using data on 20,553 violent crimes recorded by the LAPD between 2020 and 2024. Among three, Gradient Boosting method achieves the best calibration and lowest Brier score. A single behavioral indicator, showing whether the victim knew the suspect, accounted for roughly a third of total feature importance. Interestingly, victim descent contributed close to zero and observed group level disparities tracked the distribution of crime types rather than any learned ethnic pattern.StatisticsArtificial intelligenceEnvironmental lawCriminologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vg8s5qwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9vg8s5qw/qt9vg8s5qw.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4zv5269k2026-06-15T06:42:29Zqt4zv5269kReducing Polypharmacy in Older Adults Through Personalized Pharmacological Care: A Quality Improvement InitiativeArakelian, MelanieSong, Yeonsu2026-06-11Background: Polypharmacy, commonly defined as the concurrent use of five or more medications, is increasingly prevalent among older adults and contributes to adverse drug events, medication nonadherence, falls, cognitive decline, and increased healthcare utilization. Despite evidence-based deprescribing guidelines, structured medication reconciliation and deprescribing interventions remain inconsistently implemented in primary care settings. Objectives: To evaluate whether personalized pharmacologic care using medication reconciliation and deprescribing interventions reduce potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and improve patient-reported outcomes among older adults aged 65-75 years in a primary care clinic.
Methods: This quasi-experimental quality improvement project was conducted in a Southern California primary care clinic and included adults aged 65-75 years with polypharmacy and multiple chronic conditions (n = 24). The 12-week intervention incorporated comprehensive medication reconciliation, application of AGS Beers Criteria and STOPP/START criteria, deprescribing interventions, patient education, and structured safety monitoring. Outcome measures included PIM counts, quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale, and medication adherence measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests evaluated pre- and post-intervention changes. Results: Median total medication count decreased from 8.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.75–9.0) at baseline to 7.0 (IQR = 5.75–8.0) following the intervention. Median PIM count decreased from 1.0 (IQR = 1.0–2.0) to 0.0 (IQR = 0.0–1.0). Quality of life, measured using the EQ-5D visual analog scale, improved from a median of 63.5 (IQR = 50.0–68.25) to 72.5 (IQR = 65.0–75.25), while median MMAS-8 medication adherence scores improved from 2.0 (IQR = 1.5–2.5) to 3.0 (IQR = 2.5–3.5). Wilcoxon signed-rank testing demonstrated statistically significant improvement across all outcomes (p < .001). No adverse drug withdrawal events, medication-related urgent care visits, or emergency department visits were reported during the intervention period. Conclusion: Structured medication reconciliation and deprescribing interventions were feasible and effective in reducing medication burden and PIMs while improving quality of life and medication adherence among older adults in primary care. Findings support integration of evidence-based deprescribing workflows into routine primary care practice to improve medication safety and patient outcomes among older adults.GerontologyPharmacologyHealth care managementHealth sciencesNursingDeprescribingMedication OptimizationMedication ReconciliationOlder adultsPolypharmacyPrimary careapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zv5269khttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4zv5269k/qt4zv5269k.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0mb268652026-06-15T06:42:24Zqt0mb26865On Applications of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Tutoring SystemsKarbasi, KiaPottie, Gregory J2026-06-11Intelligent tutoring systems adapt instruction by estimating what a student understands, selecting what the student should encounter next, and delivering interventions that support learning. Natural language processing and artificial intelligence offer new ways to improve this loop because tutoring systems are built around linguistic and educational artifacts: questions, hints, explanations, standards, knowledge components, and student histories. This dissertation studies where those techniques help, where they fail, and how they should be connected to specific tutoring functions.
The dissertation examines five research directions across intervention generation and student modeling. First, it shows that structured multi-agent collaboration can improve the pedagogical quality of automatically generated mathematics questions. Second, it analyzes Deep Knowledge Tracing and argues that the relations learned by the model are better interpreted as prerequisite-like dependencies than as generic exercise associations. Third, it tests whether pretrained semantic representations can improve knowledge tracing by initializing knowledge-component inputs, finding that semantic similarity alone does not reliably improve performance. Fourth, it shows that text embeddings can be more useful when they reorganize the knowledge-component space itself, improving downstream knowledge tracing under the right data conditions. Finally, it introduces ReasonKT as a preliminary framework for reasoning-based knowledge tracing and evaluates a prompt-only instantiation that produces above-chance ranking signal and inspectable reasoning traces.
Across these studies, the dissertation argues that NLP and AI techniques are useful in intelligent tutoring systems when their representational, generative, or reasoning capabilities are tied to a concrete educational role. Language is not uniformly beneficial as an added feature; it becomes useful when it helps model student knowledge, interpret educational structure, generate instructional interventions, or connect these components into a more coherent adaptive system.Educational technologyComputer scienceArtificial intelligenceComputer engineeringInformation technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mb26865https://escholarship.org/content/qt0mb26865/qt0mb26865.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4090b46h2026-06-15T06:42:18Zqt4090b46hComputational Tools for Biomedical Research in Statistical Genetics, Natural Language Processing, Knowledge Graphs, and Machine LearningSteinecke, DylanBenjamin, Daniel J.Turley, Patrick2026-06-11The contemporary era has seen a dramatic increase in the availability of biomedical data and computing power. Such data is available in millions of open access research articles spanning hundreds of diseases, online knowledge bases and ontologies covering multi-omic and medical entities, as well as national biobanks containing the genetic and phenotypic information of hundreds of thousands of human volunteers. However, to benefit biology and medicine, this data must be translated into knowledge. To do this, effective computational tools suited for each data modality and scientific analysis must be developed and employed. To this end, we developed computational tools in data science and machine learning for natural language processing (NLP), knowledge graphs, and statistical genetics. First, we developed and applied tools in NLP relevant for identifying disease biomarkers such as proteins, genes, and molecular processes. Second, we developed a knowledge graph benchmark to support graph learning for drug discovery and real-world biomedical science. Third, we developed and applied tools to measure the causal effects of genetic variation on phenotypic variation in human populations—estimating heritability, partitioned heritability, and genetic correlation in biobank data. Our methods—spanning machine learning, data science, statistical analysis, causal inference, data engineering, and other informatic approaches for biomedical science—are useful for translating data into generating biomedical hypotheses and/or understanding human biology.BioinformaticsBiomedical engineeringArtificial intelligenceBioinformaticsKnowledge GraphsMachine LearningMedical InformaticsNatural Language ProcessingStatistical GeneticspubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4090b46hetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5b3206jq2026-06-15T06:42:13Zqt5b3206jq(Ware)Housework: The Politics and Poetics of Carceral Social Reproduction in CaliforniaStockton, RosieKyungwon Hong, GraceHaley, Sarah2026-06-11(Ware)Housework: The Politics and Poetics of Carceral Social Reproduction in California brings the critical study of the California carceral state into conversation with queer and trans interventions into the field of Social Reproduction Theory to examine the relationship between racialized state violence, capitalist surplus management, and the reproduction of social life and resistance under conditions of captivity. Motivated by ongoing debates in feminist, abolitionist, and carceral studies concerning how to theorize the dual crises of anti-Black racial and gender violence alongside the state’s management of surplus populations, I argue that the role of the contemporary prison in late capitalism cannot be fully grasped without centering the socially reproductive labor it both criminalizes, detains, and exploits. I term these labors of carceral social reproduction “(Ware)Housework,” which refers to the reproductive labor, care, and lifemaking practices done by women, trans, and nonbinary people serving extreme sentences in California women’s prisons that paradoxically reproduce both the carceral institution, capitalist value, yet also anticarceral life and resistance.Through an analysis of previously undocumented raced and gendered carceral labor and care formations, this dissertation advances three interconnected claims. First, it demonstrates how the sexual politics of extreme sentencing laws function as a mechanism through which the carceral state manages the reproduction of criminalized surplus populations. Second, it traces the informal reproductive labor practices that sustain alternative kinship formations, collective survival, and abolitionist politics within California women’s prisons. Third, it interprets creative production of incarcerated poets as forms of epistemological sabotage that unsettle dominant conceptions of freedom, humanity, and value that underpin carceral governance and capitalist accumulation.Drawing on a decade of abolitionist feminist organizing with the California Coalition for Women Prisoners, the dissertation centers the knowledge production of people serving extreme sentences to engage four primary archives: California state policies expanding criminal liability through aiding-and-abetting statutes; court transcripts from cases involving women sentenced to life without the possibility of parole between 1978 and 1995; collectively authored abolitionist feminist organizing toolkits; and oral histories and poetry produced by people incarcerated in California women’s prisons over the past three decades. Throughout the dissertation, I engage with poetics as a critical method for indexing how the labor of love exceeds the grammars of both captivity and liberal emancipation, opening instead to alternative horizons of freedom.Gender studiesBlack studiesLGBTQ studiesSexualityCarceral StudiesGender and SexualityPoetryPrison AbolitionQueer and Trans StudiesSocial ReproductionpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b3206jqetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9442m9022026-06-15T06:42:08Zqt9442m902Cavity Engineering and Characterization Tools for High Resolution THz QC-VECSEL Frequency CombsMattia, MichelaWilliams, Benjamin S2026-06-11Since their first demonstrations in the early 2000s, terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have established themselves as a leading chip-scale semiconductor-based source of coherent THz radiation, driving advances in high-resolution spectroscopy, frequency-comb based metrology, and nondestructive imaging. More recently, THz quantum cascade vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (QC-VECSELs) have been gaining momentum as a compelling QC architecture, where agile control over metasurface design and external cavity geometry enables scalable milliwatt-to-watt output powers, high-quality beam profiles, and advanced frequency selection and tunability. These properties also make QC-VECSELs an attractive platform for THz frequency comb generation, for which initial demonstrations based on RF harmonic injection locking have already been reported. This work presents two main contributions toward advanced development and characterization of THz QC-VECSEL frequency combs.First, I expand upon the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a custom-built hybrid Fourier Transform Spectrometer / Shifted Wave Interference Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS/SWIFTS) measurement platform offering interferometric-based spectral reconstruction at sub-GHz resolution extended to full phase-sensitive spectral and temporal frequency comb characterization. Then, I introduce a novel folded hemispherical QC-VECSEL external V-cavity design aimed at exploring RF-driven comb operation in cavities with a free-spectral range (FSR) (i.e. comb tooth spacing) reduced to ~2 GHz from our group’s previously published work at 3.8 GHz. Representative preliminary results are reported, including extended multimode QC-VECSEL operation in pulsed mode centered around 3.85 THz that covers an appreciable bandwidth between 100 and 200 GHz with 2 to 2.1 GHz longitudinal mode spacing. I highlight the advantages and prospective applications of this reduced FSR cavity, from easier access to low RF frequencies with modest instrumentation to flexible integration of intracavity elements in the ~10 cm long optical cavity for dispersion compensation or narrow, on-demand frequency selection.Electrical engineeringComputer engineeringApplied physicsLaser cavity designTHZ QC-VECSELTHz QCLVECSELapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9442m902https://escholarship.org/content/qt9442m902/qt9442m902.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt90k5p7sh2026-06-15T06:42:03Zqt90k5p7shComputational Explorations of Organic Reaction Mechanisms and Protein-Ligand AssociationKim, JunyoungHouk, Kendall N2026-06-11Computational methods, such as density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods, have proven very useful in the probing of various small molecule and biochemical systems. Among other uses, the insights gained from these computational methods can be leveraged to predict the binding affinity of protein-ligand interactions, rationalize reaction outcomes in organic syntheses, and provide novel insights into the thermodynamic properties of materials. This thesis explores the application of DFT and MD to answer outstanding questions in three different contexts: The differential binding of cannabinoids to the main cannabinoid receptors in humans, the periselectivity and stereoselectivity found in the intramolecular cycloadditions of alkenylheptafulvenes, and the effects of different substitution patterns on the efficacy of anthracene-based systems for solar energy storage.The first chapter of my thesis explores why certain cannabinoid ligands bind differently to the primary cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. As cannabis has increased in popularity in the United States, the prevalence of novel cannabinoids whose interactions with CB1 and CB2 are unknown has risen drastically. The first chapter of my thesis leverages MD methods to explain why cannabinoids’ binding to CB1 and CB2 vary, and explains what structural motifs are likely to cause differential binding.The second chapter of my thesis pivots to the analysis of alkenylheptafulvenes and their intramolecular cycloadditions. The diastereoselectivity and periselectivity of alkenylheptafulvenes’ intramolecular cycloadditions were studied experimentally by the Houk Group in 1983, but the chemical rationale for the reaction’s diastereoselectivity and periselectivity at different reaction temperatures was not explored. Thus, this chapter utilizes DFT to identify the factors that govern the periselectivity and stereospecificity of intramolecular [8+2] cycloadditions of alkenylheptafulvenes.The final chapter of my thesis analyzes how substituent effects in anthracenes affects their ability to be used as molecular solar energy (MOST) compounds. In the fight against climate change, renewable sources of energy, such as solar power, are being increasingly relied on to reduce the amount of global greenhouse gases emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. However, one limitation of solar energy is that it is intermittent, as such, effective energy storage and release systems are required to facilitate consistent power delivery using solar energy. Molecular solar energy storage (MOST) compounds are one such way to store and release energy, and one such class of compounds that have shown promise as a MOST system is substituted anthracenes. As such, the final chapter of my thesis discusses the substituent effects that modify the effectiveness of 9/10-substituted anthracenes’ effectiveness as molecular solar energy storage (MOST) compounds.ChemistryPhysical chemistryClimate changeChemical Biologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/90k5p7shhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt90k5p7sh/qt90k5p7sh.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3qf5c5092026-06-15T06:41:58Zqt3qf5c509Lab-on-a-Particle Platforms for Wide-Range Colorimetric and Droplet-Free Digital ImmunoassaysArnheim, Alyssa Dawn MichikoDi Carlo, Dino2026-06-11Protein biomarkers are central to disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring, yet no single assay format is optimal across the full range of biomarker concentrations, sample types, and clinical use settings. Highly sensitive assays often depend on specialized instrumentation and complex workflows, while accessible point-of-care formats typically sacrifice sensitivity, multiplexing, or quantitative performance. This dissertation explores how hydrogel microparticles can be engineered as tunable assay materials that bridge these extremes by controlling molecular transport, signal localization, and readout modality.First, I establish formulation-level design rules governing the accumulation of proteins and nanoparticles in PEG hydrogel microparticles. By systematically varying PEG molecular weight, polymer weight percent, and UV crosslinking conditions, I show that hydrogel network structure strongly influences the uptake and retention of large probes. More permissive formulations support the accumulation of proteins and gold nanoparticles, providing a materials basis for particle-based colorimetric assays and more broadly informing hydrogel design for applications where macromolecular transport is critical.Second, I investigate precipitation-based colorimetric signal generation on hydrogel particles and define practical design principles for quantitative particle-based color readout. Screening multiple enzyme-substrate systems demonstrates that substrate choice strongly affects signal localization, particle-to-particle crosstalk, and usable dynamic range. These studies identify conditions under which hydrogel particles can support localized and quantifiable colorimetric signal, advancing their potential for accessible diagnostic assays.Finally, I demonstrate a fully aqueous, droplet-free digital immunoassay on hydrogel particles that utlizes standard ELISA reagents and common laboratory equipment, including pipettes, centrifugation, and flow cytometry. In this system, horseradish peroxidase turnover of ADHP unexpectedly generates localized and persistent resorufin fluorescence on hydrogel particles, enabling digital enzyme counting without droplet generation or microwell compartmentalization. Using C-reactive protein as a model analyte, I show sensitive detection in buffer, diluted serum, and patient samples.Together, this work establishes hydrogel microparticles as a versatile platform for both accessible colorimetric assays and ultrasensitive digital biomarker detection, and demonstrates that co-design of material properties and signal-generation chemistry can expand the capabilities of lab-on-a-particle diagnostics.Biomedical engineeringHealth sciencesCellular biologyBiochemistryImmunologyColorimetric readoutDiagnosticDigital assayLab-on-a-particleMicrofluidicPoint-of-carepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qf5c509etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7zg2q5vk2026-06-15T06:41:52Zqt7zg2q5vkToward Multimodal AI for the Physical World: Perception, Generation, and ReasoningVilesov, AlexanderKadambi, Achuta2026-06-11Human intelligence is inherently multimodal. We combine vision, language, embodied experience, memory, and other streams of information into a coherent understanding of the physical world. These signals are used seamlessly to perceive our surroundings, plan actions, communicate ideas, create new concepts, and reason about events unfolding around us. This ability is not simply a matter of receiving many inputs; it depends on knowing what each signal reveals, what it obscures, and how different forms of evidence should be combined. Modern AI systems are moving in a similar direction. Today’s models increasingly combine vision, language, video, 3D structure, and other forms of data in an effort to reproduce human-like multimodal abilities while also extending beyond the human sensory envelope. Yet major challenges remain across the spectrum of multimodal AI: how to sense the right information, how to generate physically coherent content, and how to reason across visual, linguistic, spatial, and temporal representations. This dissertation presents a body of work toward multimodal AI for the physical world organized around three key pillars: perception, generation, and reasoning. In perception, we study cases where the data observed by a system places an upper bound on downstream inference. Through multimodal camera-radar sensing for remote heart-rate estimation, we show that complementary sensors can improve robustness and equity when vision alone is limited by the physics of light transport. For security, we motivate the use of multimodal sensor systems by showing that a monocular RGB camera, even when paired with cryptographic security measures and deepfake or recapture detectors, is not sufficient for verifying the realness of an image. In generation, we discuss how language and image diffusion models can be connected to structured 3D representations, enabling more controllable and compositional text-to-3D scene creation. In reasoning, we show that despite recent progress, state-of-the-art vision-language models still struggle to reason reliably over space and time. We extend this observation to coding agents in computer vision settings, where solving and debugging tasks often requires multimodal feedback, and show that current agents still struggle to incorporate visual evidence effectively. Together, these works contribute to improving the multimodal AI pipeline for the physical world, while also creating frameworks for probing its weaknesses and revealing where current systems still struggle to unify different modalities.Electrical engineeringComputer scienceArtificial intelligenceComputer VisionMultimodal AIapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zg2q5vkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7zg2q5vk/qt7zg2q5vk.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6kj6f2vh2026-06-15T06:41:47Zqt6kj6f2vhOvercoming Sequential Bottleneck in Hardware AccelerationLo, MichaelCong, Jingsheng JasonChang, Mau-Chung Frank2026-06-11Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) have enabled many complex algorithms to be accelerated with a customized architecture that is specifically tailored to them. Besides being able to run the accelerator at high frequencies, these speedups usually come from customizable pipelines and exploiting explicit parallelism. However, some algorithms contain dependencies rendering them to appear sequential-like, limiting their acceleration potential. This dissertation aims to show that we can overcome mainly the dependency of memory and still benefit from hardware acceleration.This work focuses on accelerating different kinds of sequential-like workloads from many application domains onto FPGAs, specifically, genomics, file checksum, compression, internet protocol lookups, and boolean satisfiability (SAT). These workloads are considered hard to parallelize using central processing units (CPUs) or graphics processing units (GPUs) due to their fixed architecture. However, mapping the algorithm as is to an FPGA without program restructuring incurs limited or no performance gain and we demonstrate restructuring methods that are hardware accelerator friendly. These techniques include achieving initiation interval of one for data and control dependent loops, partial unrolling for data dependent loops, reorganizing shared memory to enable task parallelism, and hiding communication overhead between host and accelerator.Electrical engineeringComputer engineeringInformation technologyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kj6f2vhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6kj6f2vh/qt6kj6f2vh.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt96t5g5xw2026-06-15T06:41:42Zqt96t5g5xwTransient real-gas thermodynamic and species transport modeling of ortho–para hydrogen in a closed-outlet cooling systemPanse, Aneesh SachinManousiouthakis, Vasilios2026-06-11High-pressure hydrogen cooling is important in storage and refueling systems where rapid pressurization can produce strong changes in temperature, density, and flow behavior. This thesis develops a transient COMSOL-based model for an ortho–para hydrogen mixture in a closed-outlet cylindrical cooling system. The geometry is represented as a two-dimensional axisymmetric domain consisting of an inner hydrogen region and a surrounding solid wall, with the heat removed through a prescribed low-temperature CO2-side cooling boundary. The outlet is kept closed throughout the simulation, while the inlet condition is activated using a time-dependent valve ramp. This configuration represents a transient filling and cooling of a confined heat-exchanger volume rather than a steady flow through an open exchanger.Hydrogen is modeled as a real gas using the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS). Ortho-hydrogen and para-hydrogen are retained as separate transported species, but catalytic ortho–para conversion is not included because no catalyst is present and the cooling temperature remains in the sub-cryogenic range. The model solves transient mass, momentum, energy, solid-wall heat conduction, and species-transport equations in cylindrical coordinates. The species formulation includes Maxwell–Stefan-based transport, pressure-dependent diffusivity, and a retained thermal-diffusion contribution. The results show that the closed-outlet system undergoes a clear transient sequence. During inlet activation, hydrogen enters the fixed volume, then the axial velocity increases, and pressure rises rapidly. After the pressure field approaches, a high-pressure state, the velocity decays toward zero, confirming the closed-outlet behavior. The temperature response is governed by the competition between incoming 350 (K) hydrogen and heat removal through the 220 (K) cooling boundary. Upstream and centerline locations experience the strongest temporary thermal disturbance, while near-wall regions remain colder because of the radial heat transfer through the solid wall. The real-gas analysis shows that the ideal-gas behavior is acceptable only at a low pressure. At high pressure, the Peng–Robinson compressibility factor deviates significantly from unity, leading to substantial ideal-gas density overprediction. Therefore, the real-gas thermodynamic closure is necessary for a consistent pressure, density, velocity, and thermal-response prediction. Since the system is non-catalytic and cooled only to approximately 220 (K), large para-hydrogen enrichment is not expected. The main contribution of this work is a coupled real-gas thermodynamic and species-transport modeling framework for a closed-outlet high-pressure ortho–para hydrogen cooling.Chemical engineeringPhysical chemistryThermodynamicsclosed-outlet pressurizationCOMSOL Multiphysicshydrogen coolingMaxwell–Stefan diffusionortho–para hydrogenPeng–Robinson equation of statepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/96t5g5xwmultimediaoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt377651nf2026-06-15T06:41:37Zqt377651nfExamining Computational Thinking Instruction in Introductory Computer Science: A Lecture Analysis and Classroom InterventionSimon, BrookeJun, Eunice2026-06-11In the past two decades, computational thinking (CT) skills have been widely adopted and deemed necessary for students. CT skills are not clearly defined, but common skills across frameworks include abstraction, algorithmic thinking, and debugging, to name a few. Despite mass integration of these skills into classrooms, research on CT in higher education computer science classes remains limited.This thesis presents two studies bridging these research gaps. First, a lecture analysis of computational thinking skills in introductory computer science recursive lecture content to identify gaps in which CT skills are taught, and how. Second, the design and implementation of a single-session classroom intervention aimed at filling the gaps identified in study one and a student assessment to gauge student perceptions of these skills. Study one found that the CT skills taught in classrooms span a narrow band of CT skills, were primarily taught via example and not by direct instruction or active practice, and that there is little institutional consensus on what CT skills are taught. Study two found that although student perceptions positively increased after the intervention, a single session is likely insufficient to significantly improve student’s knowledge of these skills.Computer scienceEducational psychologyScience educationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/377651nfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt377651nf/qt377651nf.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt04k4b8sm2026-06-15T06:41:32Zqt04k4b8smGeometric and Learning-Based Methods for Modeling Soft Robots and Flexible StructuresLahoti, Radha ManojKhalid Jawed, Mohammad2026-06-11Soft robots and flexible structures undergo large deformations involving bending, twisting, buckling, folding, and snap-through instabilities. Simulating these systems is challenging because models must be both physically accurate and computationally efficient enough to support design, analysis, and control. A central difficulty is that their mechanics are governed by two coupled sources of nonlinearity: geometric nonlinearity, arising from large rotations, finite deformations, and slender or thin structural geometry; and material or effective constitutive nonlinearity, arising either from the underlying material response or from reduced-dimensional descriptions of three-dimensional bodies. This dissertation develops geometric and learning-based simulation methods that address these challenges within a unified energy-based framework.The first part develops a modular discrete-differential-geometry-based simulator for soft robots and flexible structures. Within this framework, rods, shells, and hybrid rod–shell assemblies are represented in a shared global state, and contact, external forces, actuation, and feedback control are incorporated through modular energy and force contributions. This formulation supports geometrically exact large-deformation modeling while allowing new physical effects to be added without changing the core solver. The simulator combines vectorized assembly with implicit time integration and sparse nonlinear solves, supports both hinge-based and mid-edge-normal shell bending models, and includes smooth self-contact and friction for rod-rod, rod-shell, and shell-shell interactions. Simulation studies demonstrate passive deformation, actuation, self-contact, and control across examples including pneumatic actuators, parachutes, swimming and crawling soft robots, knotting, folding, and gripping. Numerical comparisons show that the implicit, vectorized implementation achieves comparable accuracy to established rod simulators while providing substantial speedups in stiff regimes.The second part develops HoDEL, a Homotopy-inspired Differentiable Energy Learning framework for discovering nonlinear constitutive models from equilibrium observations. Instead of requiring direct stress-strain labels, HoDEL learns a local strain-energy density by placing it inside the mechanical solver and requiring its equilibria to match observed shapes and, when available, reaction forces. Continuation in the loading parameter improves robustness in stiff and unstable regimes, while implicit differentiation through the converged equilibrium equations provides memory-efficient gradients. Structured neural energy architectures, physics-informed priors, and Hessian spectral regularization improve identifiability, generalization, and solver conditioning.Experiments on synthetic benchmarks, reduced finite-element systems, and real-world robotic deformation data show that equilibrium-based learning can recover reusable constitutive laws rather than memorized load-to-shape maps. The results identify when displacement observations are sufficient and when reaction-force supervision is necessary, and they show that physics-embedded energy models can capture nonlinear stiffening, Brazier-type softening, and snap-through. Together, the simulator and learning framework provide an end-to-end approach for modeling soft structures whose behavior is nonlinear in both geometry and material response, bridging predictive mechanics, data-driven constitutive modeling, and soft-robot design and control.Mechanical engineeringRoboticsMaterials scienceMechanicsDiscrete differential geometryLearning based constitutive modelingRods and ShellsSoft roboticsSoft structuresapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/04k4b8smhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt04k4b8sm/qt04k4b8sm.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5s2575d02026-06-15T06:41:27Zqt5s2575d0Learning under Imperfect Actions and MeasurementsKarakas, MerveFragouli, Christina P2026-06-11Distributed and embodied learning systems—drone fleets coordinated over wireless links, micro-robots actuated through biological media, sensor networks of cheap acoustic nodes—interact with their environments along two physically distinct interfaces: a central learner sends commands to remote agents, and it collects observations from remote sensors. In modern deployments neither interface is reliable: commands can be delayed, corrupted, or erased, and observations are noisy, partial, and expensive to acquire. Classical theories of sequential decision-making and signal processing tend to average these imperfections away, but in such deployments they are the dominant constraint, and algorithms that ignore them can fail catastrophically. This dissertation studies sequential decision-making when the channels that connect a learner to its environment are unreliable, treating two complementary settings as a single subject: an action pillar, in which a central learner running a bandit algorithm communicates intended arms to distributed agents over noisy channels, and a measurement pillar, in which a learner localizes a target through noisy, resource-limited sensor measurements.
The action pillar studies multi-armed bandit problems in which arm commands are conveyed over erasure channels to distributed agents; when commands are lost, agents persist with their last-received arm, and the learner cannot tell which arm generated the observed reward. Without accounting for this mismatch, classical bandit algorithms can incur linear regret. We first study the no-feedback regime, developing a generic redundancy wrapper for arbitrary bandit algorithms, a dedicated algorithm with matching upper and lower regret bounds, and a scheduling mechanism for multi-agent systems with heterogeneous erasure channels. We then introduce one-bit erasure acknowledgments and prove that feedback does not change the minimax regret order, but enables substantially more efficient algorithms in communication, energy, and data. Finally, beyond erasures we begin to study fixed-confidence best-arm identification over general discrete memoryless actuation channels, where the gap to the noiseless benchmark depends on graph-theoretic invariants of the channel, with zero-error capacity emerging as the natural threshold.
The measurement pillar studies target localization in distributed sensor networks where individual observations are noisy and only a limited number of sensors can be activated at any time. We develop two complementary tools: a noisy binary-search framework with overlapping partitions, which injects controlled redundancy so that a single noisy step cannot permanently exclude the true target, with exact error-probability characterizations and a Voronoi-geometry analysis of the per-step error event; and a top-p sensor-selection formulation, which produces a set-valued candidate list rather than a single best guess, with exact Gaussian error analysis, geometry-aware Bayesian algorithms exploiting spatial structure, and validation on a real outdoor acoustic testbed.
Taken together, the two pillars surface cross-cutting themes that neither side makes obvious in isolation: information-theoretic quantities — erasure probabilities, zero-error capacities, Gaussian error tails—repeatedly determine fundamental limits in problems whose surface formulation is purely algorithmic, and auxiliary information such as feedback changes what is comfortably achievable without changing what is fundamentally possible.Computer scienceElectrical engineeringComputer engineeringbanditserasure channelsinformation theoryresource-constrained learningapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s2575d0https://escholarship.org/content/qt5s2575d0/qt5s2575d0.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7dd9b9392026-06-15T06:41:22Zqt7dd9b939Libraries, Literature, and Archives: How the United Daughters of the Confederacy preserved the Lost Cause ideology in California from 1944-1969Wright, Katelyn SaraPosner, Miriam2026-06-02This thesis addresses the work undertaken by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in California by analyzing the use of libraries, archives, and literature to preserve and disseminate narratives of the Lost Cause. The actions of the Daughters are framed through an information science lens by drawing on the archival concepts of appraisal and document strategy, as well as a further exploration of the intersection of race and gender in information institutions. I conducted research utilizing chapter meeting minutes, treasurer books, California and General Division Yearbooks, and other related materials from archival collections documenting the Emma Sansom chapter of Santa Ana and the Sterling Price chapter of Stockton. Using the United Daughters of the Confederacy as a case-study, this paper highlights the ways in which information institutions and the people that encompass them are subject to biases, which directly contradicts the inherent neutrality that has long governed perceptions of libraries and archives. This thesis is interested in gaining a deeper insight into the complex relationships between the United Daughters of the Confederacy and information institutions; thereby, providing insight into the ways in which narratives of the Lost Cause have been integrated into the collective memory of the United States.Library scienceHistoryInformation scienceapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dd9b939https://escholarship.org/content/qt7dd9b939/qt7dd9b939.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5dg0b8dr2026-06-15T06:41:17Zqt5dg0b8drUnderstanding the Capabilities and Limitations of DFT for Simulating Hydrated ElectronsBorrelli, William RoccoSchwartz., Benjamin J2026-06-11Hydrated electrons (e− hyd’s) are excess electrons solvated in bulk water. Despite being the simplest possible anion in solution, e− hyd’s participate in complex solvation dynamics, chemistry, and spectroscopy, making them fundamentally interesting species to study. However, spectroscopic and thermodynamic experiments are unable to probe the solvation structure of this species directly, prompting researchers to use theoretical simulation to build an atomistic picture of e− hyd chemistry. Simulation models of the hydrated electron, spanning levels of theory, all give largely mixed agreement with experimental observables. To more rigorously delineate between these models and understand which methods are most applicable to this system, I present the calculation of numerous quantitative thermodynamic quantities, predictions for spectroscopic experiments that go beyond the current state-of- the-art, as well as methodological studies attempting to understand errors made by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) when simulating e− hyd.Chapter 2, reprinted with permission from William R. Borrelli, KennethJ. Mei, Sanghyun J. Park, and Benjamin J. Schwartz. “Partial Molar Solvation Volume of the Hydrated Electron Simulated Via DFT" J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128, 10, 2425–2431, calculates the partial molar volume (VM) of the DFT-based hydrated electron at multiple system sizes. The experimental VM for the hydrated electron is known to be 26±6 cm3/mol.[3] We utilize Kirkwood-Buff theory[7] to compute VM from the electron-water radial distribution function (RDF) and show that DFT underestimates this quantity at all system sizes. Moreover, it is unlikely that the VM is adequately converged with respect to finite size effects at the current accessible limits of system size.Chapter 3, reprinted with permission from William R. Borrelli, Xiaoyan Liu, and Benjamin J. Schwartz “The Solvation Entropy of Different Simulation Models of the Hydrated Electron" J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2026, 17, 7, 1899–1906, presents calculations of the entropy of solvation (ΔSsolv) for the hydrated electron, which is known to be large and positive from experiment.[5] Using a combination of statistical mechanics, alchemical simulation, and machine-learned interatomic potentials,[1] we compute the solvation entropy for three one-electron models of the hydrated electron and DFT (PBE0). We highlight that the two cavity-forming one-electron simulation models, which produce relatively unstructured RDF’s, yield a qualitatively correct entropy of solvation. Conversely, a non-cavity one-electron model as well as DFT (PBE0) give negative entropies of solvation. We corroborate our computed values by investigating water structure and dynamics near each of these hydrated electrons, as well as contextualize our results in terms of the Hofmeister series.[2]Chapter 4, reprinted with permission from William R. Borrelli, José L.Guardado Sandoval, Ken J. Mei, and Benjamin J. Schwartz “Roles of H-Bonding and Hydride Solvation in the Reaction of Hydrated (Di)electrons with Water to Create H2 and OH–" J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2024, 20, 16, 7337–7346, studies the dielectron hydrogen evolution (DEHE) reaction instigated by a so-called dielectron. Dielectrons form when two hydrated electrons undergo recombination into a single intermediate, and these species are known to react with water to form H2 with a rate that is diffusion-limited.[ 6] Our work uncovers the atomistic mechanism behind this reaction process, showing that the two proton transfers which form the H2 product can occur sequentially or concertedly, depending on solvation effects.Chapter 5, reprinted with permission from William R. Borrelli and BenjaminJ. Schwartz “Theoretical Prediction of the 2-Dimensional Electronic Spectrum of Different Simulation Models of the Hydrated Electron" J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2026, presents the first theoretical prediction of the two-dimensional electronic spectrum (2DES) of the hydrated electron. We show that the dynamics of the 2DES unambiguously distinguish between two one-electron models of the hydrated electron which yield nearly identical one-dimensional absorption spectra. Our work not only functions as a prediction for future experiments, but also highlights specific analyses that experimentalists could do in order to extract the underlying correlation function dynamics out of the spectral signal.Chapter 6, reprinted with permission from William R. Borrelli, José L. Guardado Sandoval, and Benjamin J. Schwartz “Using Density-Corrected DFT to Understand Density-Driven and Functional-Dependent Errors in Ab Initio Simulations of the Hydrated Electron" J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2026, 22, 5, 2550–2561, leveraged density-corrected DFT (DC-DFT) to understand density-driven errors in DFT-based simulations of the hydrated electron. We analyze density-driven errors through both energy versus charge curves as well as energy error decomposition analysis. Our work shows that although DC does alleviate density errors for the hydrated electron, functional dominant errors are actually the dominant error source. Unexpectedly, DC-DFT also breaks a fortuitous cancellation of errors present in the PBE0 functional when the self-consistent density is used.Chapter 7, reprinted with permission from William R. Borrelli, Xiaoyan Liu, and Benjamin J. Schwartz “How the choice of exchange–correlation functional affects DFT-based simulations of the hydrated electron" J. Chem. Phys. 162, 110901 (2025), studies the density functional approximation (DFA) dependence for equilibrium properties of the DFT-based hydrated electron. Many functionals produce a localized hydrated electron, particularly those with modest amounts of exact Hartree-Fock exchange, however some either do not localize the electron or promote over-reactivity with water. We show that the rigid solvation structure seen in early simulations employing the PBE0 DFA are remarkably consistent across families of functionals. A comparison of time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT)-based methods for computing hydrated electron spectroscopy highlights that periodic Tamm- Dancoff Approximation TD-DFT introduces a large spectral blue-shift relative to using non-periodic TD-DFT with a range-separated hybrid functional.Chapter 8, reprinted with permission from William R. Borrelli, XiaoyanLiu, and Benjamin J. Schwartz “Evaluating the Chemical Reactivity of DFT Simulated Liquid Water with Hydrated Electrons via the Dual Descriptor" J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2024, 20, 21, 9571–9579, studies the reactivity of hydrated electrons to bulk water using a conceptual DFT (CDFT) tool known as the Dual-Descriptor (DD).[4, 8] The DD uncovers regions of high nucleophilicity and electrophilicity through computing Fukui functions. We show that a functional that produces a hydrated electron that is over-reactive towards water is easily detected by studying only the bulk water of that functional with the DD.As a whole, this work fundamentally advances the hydrated electron simulation literature through the calculation of novel experimental observables, theoretical predictions for future experimental work, and investigations of DFT as a method for simulating this species.ChemistryThermodynamicsArtificial intelligenceDFThydrated electronmachine learningmolecular dynamicsstatistical mechanicsthermodynamicsapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dg0b8drhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5dg0b8dr/qt5dg0b8dr.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7q76k0s12026-06-15T06:41:12Zqt7q76k0s1Electrospray Deposition and Self-Assembly of Colloidal Lead Selenide QDs at the Liquid–Air InterfaceKIM, GEE MINLaw, Matt2026-06-12Colloidal QDs are solution-processable semiconductor nanocrystals whose size-tunable optoelectronic properties make them promising building blocks for next-generation electronic and photonic materials. In particular, SL thin films formed by extended evaporation and self-assembly of colloidal QD solutions on liquid substrates have attracted considerable attention because they offer the potential for emergent mesoscale properties, such as superradiance and miniband formation.However, conventional methods for fabricating SL films, such as drop casting, suffer from several important limitations. First, they are not readily controllable as a processing method, resulting in limited reproducibility and poor scalability. Second, during ink casting, drying, and assembly, substantial macroscopic flow often occurs, resulting in nonuniform thickness and mesoscale flow-induced structural disorder, which ultimately limit reproducibility and electrical performance.In this thesis, I will present electrospray deposition as a practical route for forming large-area PbSe QD SLs with improved lateral uniformity and structural perfection at a liquid/air interface. By systematically controlling ink concentration, deposition volume, and cone-jet spraying conditions, electrospray deposition is shown to suppress chaotic solvent-driven redistribution and enable more uniform thin-film formation over a wide thickness range. In addition, this work demonstrates that electrospray deposition can be extended beyond PbSe QDs to form thin films from a variety of other colloidal nanoparticles. I will also explore the in situ epitaxial fusion of PbSe QD SLs by integrating photobase-triggered ligand exchange as a strategy to preserve ordered packing and processability while promoting stronger interparticle coupling.Overall, these results clarify how the deposition method governs the morphology and quality of PbSe QD solids and provide a scalable framework for assembling more uniform and structurally controlled QD SLs for optoelectronic applications.ChemistryNanotechnologyMaterials scienceEngineeringpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q76k0s1etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4kx6n2kk2026-06-15T06:41:07Zqt4kx6n2kkEarly life adversity, healthcare access, and mental health trajectories: Coping with cannabis among diverse and vulnerable adults.Morales, CelinaRo, Annie E2026-06-12National trends indicate adults with poor mental health are more likely to use cannabis. In the US, policy changes have made medicinal and recreational cannabis more accessible. This study investigates factors that may increase cannabis use and long-term patterns of use.Chapter 1 is a review of the literature on mental health and cannabis use across the lifespan. I identify life course and socioecological gaps in this literature that can help to explain the relationship between mental health and cannabis use. I synthesize the long-lasting impacts of early life adversity, barriers to healthcare, and cannabis use trajectory groups across the lifespan. This dissertation is guided by the stress and coping theory and the social ecological model. Chapter 2 presents a study of California adults using the California Health Interview Surveys (CHIS). I use ordinal logistic regressions to estimate the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), serious psychological distress (SPD), and cannabis use. The Karlson-Holm-Breen method quantified the proportion explained by ACEs. Analyses were stratified by age group. The study results found a positive association between SPD and cannabis use that was partially explained by ACEs, and there were variations by age group. Chapter 3 presents a study of California adults, using the same dataset as in Chapter 2. Using binary logistic regressions, I tested whether having a usual source of healthcare (USC) moderated the association between SPD and cannabis use. In stratified analyses, I examined whether this association varied by race/ethnicity. Supported by several sensitivity analyses, having a USC did not moderate the association between SPD and cannabis use. Chapter 4 presents a longitudinal study using the adult Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, a national survey of Americans. I use group-based trajectory modeling, logistic regressions, and generalized estimating equations to estimate the number of cannabis use trajectory groups and associated characteristics. Two cannabis trajectory groups were identified: high/increasing use, low/no use. There were sociodemographic differences between groups. Mental health was persistently worse among the high/increasing use group. Chapter 5 summarizes the study findings and provides recommendations for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. These studies demonstrate life course and socioecological mechanisms that clarify the mental health and cannabis relationship.Public healthMental healthClinical psychologyAdverse childhood experiencesCannabisHealthcare accessMental healthStressTrajectoriespubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kx6n2kketdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1p02p85z2026-06-15T06:41:02Zqt1p02p85zTeam Formation and Task Allocation for Heterogeneous Multi-Robot Systems Through Iterative ClusteringMartin, David RyanAl Faruque, Mohammad A2026-06-12Multi-robot systems face the challenge of efficiently allocating heterogeneous resources to missions with varying requirements and importance. The collaborative task allocation problem seeks optimally divide a set of heterogeneous robots into collaborative teams each assigned to a specific task. The task allocation problem is complicated by collaborative interactions between robots where teams of robots develop emergent capabilities that enable them to complete tasks that would be inefficient or impossible for individual robots. To address these challenges, we present an iterative clustering algorithm for collaborative task allocation in heterogeneous multi-robot systems. This approach partitions the computationally intractable global optimization problem into smaller, tractable subproblems by iteratively forming clusters of robots and tasks, then optimizing assignments within each cluster. By ensuring robots remain clustered with their currently assigned tasks, we guarantee monotonic improvement in overall utility with each iteration. We analyze the convergence of the algorithm and characterize how cluster size constraints determine which suboptimal assignments could trap the algorithm. In simulation, iterative clustering consistently outperforms existing state of the art methods. Iterative clustering outperforms simulated annealing, and a group-based auction in both computation time and solution quality, and outperforms a hedonic game approach in solution quality. RoboticsComputer engineeringElectrical engineeringCollaborative RobotsMulti-Robot SystemsOptimizationSchedulingTask Allocationapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p02p85zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1p02p85z/qt1p02p85z.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9mf0t5nv2026-06-15T06:40:58Zqt9mf0t5nvMoralized Politics and Partisan DividesGungor, MertcanDitto, Peter H.2026-06-12Partisans in the United States report increasingly negative feelings toward their political opponents and prefer to associate with co-partisans. While previous research has focused on people seeking out like-minded others, less is known about how political disagreements impact existing relationships. I investigated when and how people decide to end relationships over politics. First, I conducted three within-subjects experiments (combined n = 1,481) where I presented participants with scenarios in which someone in their lives held offensive political or otherwise disagreeable (e.g., conspiratorial) beliefs. The more morally offensive participants found a belief, the more willing they were to reduce contact with the person over it. However, having a closer relationship with the person buffered the effect of offensiveness. Participants were more willing to reduce contact over political beliefs than fringe conspiratorial beliefs (e.g., flat-earthism). Liberals were more willing to reduce contact than conservatives. Then, across four separate surveys (combined n = 3,791), I examined the prevalence of losing relationships over political differences in the United States. I found that more than one third of Americans reported experiencing such “political breakups.” Most of these political breakups occurred with friends and family, and their prevalence has likely increased since 2016. Democrats were more likely to report experiencing and initiating a breakup compared to Republicans. Those who reported breakups expressed more negative feelings toward their political opponents (especially voters rather than party elites), perceived their views as more extreme, and ascribed selfish motives to them. Finally, I recruited a large sample of people who reported having experienced political breakups (n = 1,223) and found a “moral empathy gap,” where participants perceived their moral convictions to be stronger than those of the person they had the breakup with. The findings demonstrate how moralization of politics can divide citizens.Social psychologyPsychologyPolitical scienceaffective polarizationinterpersonal relationshipsmoral convictionmoral psychologyCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mf0t5nvetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6w16s7z12026-06-15T06:40:53Zqt6w16s7z1Cosmological Care: Politics of Caring for Outer Space in South KoreaKim, Hae-SeoKim, EleanaOlson, Valerie2026-06-12Outer space is fast becoming an arena of militarization, securitization, and privatization. As South Korea boasts the 7th largest space program in the world, space activists in South Korea have been problematizing the militarized aspects of the space program and the environmental cost of rocket launches and space exploration. Activists hold protests, public lectures, and rituals to care for outer space and the victims of state violence. This dissertation examines activists’ efforts to engages the cosmos and outer worlds to heal, mourn, and bring communities together instead of driving them apart through militarization, war, and privatization. The dissertation also engages with Korean shamanism as a local cosmology of space that brings communities together and enacts a different form of cosmopolitics. Through ethnographic fieldwork research with activists, shamans, and astrology readers, I have come to conceptualize their work of caring for outer space as “cosmological care.” I define cosmological care as an ethics and a politics of cultivating a caring relationship to the cosmos through the care of the Earth and the multitude of beings on Earth. This dissertation critically juxtaposes state and private space infrastructures and initiatives with political resistance and shamanic cosmological engagement. Ethnographic fieldwork took place between 2023 and 2025, primarily in Goheung and Jeju, South Korea, conducted both online and in-person. I situate my work in the interdisciplinary worlds of anthropology of outer space, science and technology studies, environmental anthropology, political anthropology, Korean studies, anthropology of religion, and anthropology of Korean shamanism.Asian studiesSociologyPolitical scienceInternational relationsCosmopoliticsKorean shamanismMilitarizationOuter SpaceSpace ActivismCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w16s7z1etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0639q5n22026-06-15T06:40:48Zqt0639q5n2Losing Sleep and Losing Control? Investigating the Impact of Subjective and Objective Sleep on the Problem Behavior of Justice-Involved Young AdultsSbeglia, ColleenCauffman, Elizabeth2026-06-12Although the effects of sleep on cognitive functioning and mental health are frequently studied, the day-to-day impact of sleep on behavior is less understood. This is particularly true when it comes to the effects of sleep on the antisocial behavior of young people who are justice-involved. Utilizing a multi-method ecological momentary assessment design (EMA), this dissertation identifies subjective (daily diaries) and objective (OURA ring) sleep problems over a two-week period in a sample of 46 male young adults (age 18-25) who were recently charged with a felony for the first time. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the between- and within-person effects of sleep on offending behavior, aggression, and substance use. Daily-level descriptive suggest that youth are getting too few hours of sleep with too much variability in their sleep schedule, and relatively low levels of subjective sleep quality overall. While objective measures of sleep did not predict any outcomes, subjective sleep was linked to increased aggression at both between- and within-person levels. In other words, youth who were more tired on average were more likely to engage in aggression on average (between-person), and if an individual was more tired than usual, he was more likely to be aggressive than usual (within-person). These findings have practical implications: the EMA methods used in this dissertation significantly enhance causal inference (i.e., sleep predicting next-day aggression), and findings will be utilized for justice system-administrated interventions aimed at reducing antisocial behavior.PsychologyDevelopmental psychologyQuantitative psychologyMental healthBehavioral psychologyaggressionjustice systemoffendingsleepsubstance useyoung adultsapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0639q5n2https://escholarship.org/content/qt0639q5n2/qt0639q5n2.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7kd103pv2026-06-15T06:40:43Zqt7kd103pvNon-local Transport and Observation of Spontaneous Superconductivity in the Topological Surface States of thin HfTe5 DevicesWelser, Robert AndrewJauregui, Luis A2026-06-12Topological insulators coupled to s-wave superconductors were proposed by Fu and Kaneto host emergent topological superconducting phases. This concept has been explored
primarily in three-dimensional (3D) bismuth-based materials. Here we report the
observation of spontaneous superconductivity and surface-dominated transport in thin flakes
of HfTe5 protected by hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). As the flake thickness is reduced, the
bulk carrier density is reduced, accompanied by a pronounced evolution in the temperature
dependence of the resistance. These results indicate a crossover from bulk-dominated transport
in micron-scale samples to surface-dominated transport in flakes thinner than ∼50 nm.
In this regime pronounced nonlocal resistance provides evidence of robust surface-state conduction.
For temperature < 1K, we observe the emergence of a spontaneous superconducting
state, with a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition appearing below 0.4 K, consistent
with two-dimensional superconductivity. The superconducting state exhibits strong
anisotropy with respect to magnetic field orientation, with in-plane critical fields exceeding
the Paul paramagnetic limit and is described with the Werthamer, Helfand, and Hohenberg
(WHH) theory. We attribute this anisotropic behavior to the two-dimensional nature of
the superconductivity. The observation of intrinsic superconductivity in thin HfTe5 establishes
a promising platform for realizing topological superconductivity via superconducting pairing in topological surface states.Condensed matter physicsLow temperature physicsMaterials sciencesuperconductivitytopologyunconventionalpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kd103pvetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt76h7c1sk2026-06-15T06:40:37Zqt76h7c1skElectrification of Off-Road Construction Vehicles - A Comparative Economic Analysis of Compact Electric and Diesel MachineryKafashan, ShakibSaphores, Jean-Daniel2026-06-12The construction sector is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution, motivating increased interest in transitioning from diesel-powered to zero-emission construction equipment. Among available alternatives, battery-electric machinery has emerged as a promising solution due to its potential to reduce emissions, noise, and operating costs. However, the economic feasibility of such a transition remains uncertain, particularly given the high upfront costs of electric equipment and the challenges associated with charging infrastructure.
This thesis evaluates the economic viability of electrifying off-road construction vehicles, specifically wheel loaders and excavators, through a comprehensive Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) framework. The analysis incorporates capital costs, energy and maintenance expenses, infrastructure requirements, and monetized environmental externalities, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), particulate matter (PM₂.₅), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). To enable consistent comparison across equipment types with different lifespans, lifecycle costs are converted into an Annualized Cost of Ownership (ACO). Uncertainty in key cost components is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations with correlated inputs generated via Cholesky decomposition.
The results indicate that several compact electric construction machines are already cost-competitive with their diesel counterparts under a private cost perspective. When environmental externalities are internalized, the economic advantage of electric equipment increases substantially, particularly in urban settings where pollutant damages are higher. Although projected reductions in battery costs by 2035 lead to modest decreases in electric ownership costs, these reductions alone do not significantly alter the relative competitiveness between electric and diesel technologies.
Overall, the findings suggest that while market-driven technological improvements contribute to improved economic performance, policy interventions such as subsidies, tax incentives, and infrastructure support remain essential to accelerate the adoption of electric construction equipment. This work provides a structured and policy-relevant framework for evaluating the transition toward more sustainable construction practices.TransportationCivil engineeringEnergyElectrical engineeringpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/76h7c1sketdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5m26554q2026-06-15T06:40:32Zqt5m26554qDevelopment of Advanced Fluorescence-Based Imaging Methods for Microviscosity Mapping and Chromatin FluidityLopez, Karen LeonorDigman, Michelle2026-06-12Advanced imaging techniques such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and hyperspectral imaging inform users about a fluorescent molecule’s spectral properties. Excitation describes the absorption of light, while emission explains the release of light as the molecule returns down to a ground state. Lifetime complements these measurements by quantifying the average amount of time a molecule remains in the excited state before emitting a photon. Advanced imaging techniques often serve as the bridge between the pharmaceutical industry and medical device industry through the development of advanced applications and analytical methods.
Here, we introduce two developed methods. First, we present an imaging-based viscometry platform as an alternative approach to traditional cone-and-plate rheometry, which uses Python-based Single Particle Tracking (SPT) algorithms to quantify viscosity in low-volume samples. We first established SPT performance using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and standardized viscosity solutions, followed by a single-blinded study involving Immunoglobulin G1 and G2 (IgG1 and IgG2) samples spanning concentrations up to 150 mg/mL and viscosities ranging from 2 to 31 cP. Comparison between blinded predictions and known values resulted in a strong linear correlation (R² = 0.97) and a mean absolute error of 2.1 cP. Overall, our findings show that we can reduce the volume from 80uL down to 10 uL saving thousands of dollars for companies that need to produce thousands of proteins each month to select a single target of interest.
The second developed method investigated Hoechst 33342 (H33342), a widely used fluorescent dye for labeling nuclei in live and fixed cells, which is currently analyzed by either looking at its fluorescence emission or lifetime. Here, we present a novel, multidimensional approach that integrates hyperspectral imaging with FLIM to simultaneously capture H33342 emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime, proving that its photophysical behavior extends beyond simple excitation and emission. Free dsDNA plated on imaging dishes and resuspended in water served as a control for maximal minor groove hydration, while compact sperm cells, whose DNA is approximately 6 times more condensed than somatic cells, served as a confinement control. MCF10A cells were used to test hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic conditions, and chromatin compaction and decompaction by targeting histone acetylation enzymes. We discovered that hyperspectral emission captures solvent polarity at the minor groove, whereas FLIM lifetime and intensity capture chromatin compaction (shorter lifetime). By looking at both hyperspectral and FLIM, we obtain a full picture of the biophysical processes guiding excitation and emission, an analysis method applicable not only to this fluorophore of interest, but to all fluorophores used for biophysical applications.
Innovations in measurement and analysis methods drive scientific progress and deepen fundamental biological insights. The low-volume viscometry platform has the potential to increase production speed, lower costs and required resources, and overall reduce the viscosity bottleneck in early-stage workflows in the pharmaceutical industry. On the other hand, the multidimensional fluorescence framework provides a clearer way to understand fluorophore behavior by incorporating two complex photophysical effects into one intuitive, visual representation. More broadly, this project supports a shift in Biophysics toward more integrated, data-rich imaging approaches that improve analysis quality and expand how popular fluorophores can be interpreted.
Overall, these approaches encourage the development of more quantitative, mechanism-based methods across Biomedical Engineering and related fields, moving away from one-size-fits-all, single-measurement readouts toward more complex investigations of biological systems.Biomedical engineeringBiochemistryBiophysicsBiophotonicsFluorescence Lifetime Imaging MicroscopyHoechst 33342Hyperspectral ImagingMicroviscosityMonoclonal AntibodyCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5m26554qetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1mh5v6xh2026-06-15T06:40:27Zqt1mh5v6xhWomen in Contemporary Japanese Hard Rock and Heavy Metal: Idol Images Outside, Rock Authority InsideJellison, Kevin TrevorBrodbeck, David2026-06-12In recent decades, Japan has witnessed a striking proliferation of women performing original rock music, particularly within technically demanding genres such as hard rock, heavy metal, and progressive rock. This development stands in contrast to long-standing patterns in Western rock traditions, where women have more frequently been positioned as vocalists and have remained comparatively underrepresented as instrumentalists in guitar, bass, and drum roles. The central problem addressed in this dissertation is how and why this divergence has emerged, and what it reveals about broader assumptions regarding gender, technical authority, and the ways rock music is perceived and evaluated. This study employs a mixed methodological approach combining historical research, cultural analysis, and detailed musical analysis. Chapters 1 and 2 trace the historical trajectories of female instrumentalists in Western and Japanese rock, drawing on existing scholarship, interviews, and primary sources. Chapter 3 establishes a framework for understanding the conditions under which these Japanese female instrumentalists are often interpreted through an idol lens by examining the role of idol culture, kawaii aesthetics, and Japan’s media environment, with particular attention to systems of production, performance, and audience engagement. Building on this framework, Chapters 4 and 6 present case studies of BAND-MAID and Gacharic Spin, examining their historiography, visual presentation, and performance practices, while Chapter 5 provides close musical analyses of selected BAND-MAID works to assess compositional and stylistic development. The findings demonstrate that many contemporary Japanese all-female rock bands operate within, yet also actively reconfigure, the visual and performative conventions associated with idol culture. While to outside observers these conventions may initially suggest inauthenticity, they function instead as flexible frameworks through which musicians assert technical proficiency, authorship, and artistic identity. In doing so, these bands challenge entrenched assumptions about gender roles in rock music and offer alternative models of participation in historically male-dominated genres. More broadly, this dissertation argues that the Japanese rock scene provides a compelling case study in how local cultural conditions can reshape global musical norms.Music historyMusic theoryWomens studiesEast Asian studiesMusical performancesHard rockHeavy metalIdolsInstrumentalistsKawaiiWomenapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mh5v6xhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1mh5v6xh/qt1mh5v6xh.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7xh4z7td2026-06-15T06:40:22Zqt7xh4z7tdUnlocking Structure and Function Relationships of Enzyme@Metal-Organic FrameworksOlivas, Elisa MercedPatterson, Joseph2026-06-12Enzymes are highly efficient biological catalysts, yet their instability outside native environments limits their practical implementation in industrial and technological applications. As such, immobilization within porous materials has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance enzyme stability, recyclability, and catalytic performance. Specifically, among these materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a uniquely tunable platform due to their controllable porosity, crystallinity, and chemical functionality. Despite growing interest in enzyme@MOF (E@MOF) systems, fundamental structure–function relationships governing enzyme encapsulation, crystallization pathways, and spatial distribution remain poorly understood.This dissertation investigates the formation mechanisms and internal architecture of enzyme-encapsulated MOFs through systematic control of synthetic parameters and the application of advanced cryogenic electron microscopy techniques. First, the role of ligand deprotonation in Metal Azolate Framework-7 (MAF-7) crystallization was established by varying ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) concentration and ligand-to-metal ratios. Structural characterization studies using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), electron microscopy, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed a critical threshold concentration of deprotonated ligand required for crystalline framework formation, demonstrating that effective ligand availability—rather than total ligand concentration—governs nucleation and growth. Building upon these findings, enzyme encapsulation within GOx@MAF-7 was examined to determine how base modulation influences enzyme structure, activity, and crystallization pathways. Time-resolved cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), combined with enzymatic assays, revealed that NH₄OH concentration modulates nucleation behavior, crystal morphology, and enzyme folding, with higher modulator concentrations leading to partial denaturation and reduced catalytic performance. These results establish modulator chemistry as a key parameter for tuning structure–function relationships in biomimetic mineralization. Finally, cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron energy loss spectroscopy (cryo-STEM-EELS), coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, was employed to directly resolve enzyme spatial distribution within Urease@ZIF-8 composites. This label-free spectroscopic approach enabled nanoscale chemical mapping, revealing preferential enzyme localization near crystal interfaces and distinct bonding environments associated with framework incorporation. Collectively, this work establishes direct correlations between synthetic conditions, crystallization mechanisms, and enzyme spatial organization in MOF systems, providing a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of biohybrid materials with enhanced catalytic performance and stability.ChemistryAnalytical chemistryBiochemistryOrganic chemistryCrystallizationEnzymesGrowthMetal Organic FrameworksNucleationTransmission Electron Micrscopyapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xh4z7tdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7xh4z7td/qt7xh4z7td.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8wx5h1mv2026-06-15T06:40:17Zqt8wx5h1mvDiet-Associated Compounds as Modulators of ?-Synuclein AggregationConnolly, Gabrielle AnneBess, Elizabeth2026-06-12Parkinson’s disease pathology is often associated with the brain, as aggregates of the protein ?-synuclein accumulate in the substantia nigra and lead to neurodegeneration and the characteristic motor symptoms of this disease. However, aggregates of ?-synuclein are also detected in the gastrointestinal tract years before motor symptom onset, supporting the hypothesis that Parkinson’s disease pathology may originate in the gut and propagate to the brain via the vagus nerve. Enteroendocrine cells (specialized epithelial cells) are uniquely positioned at the interface of the gut lumen and the nervous system and are thought to be the source of ?-synuclein in the gut. Previous work in our lab identified a gut bacterial-mediated mechanism of ?-synuclein aggregation in which iron’s interaction with the catechol motif of dopamine plays a central role. Here, we investigate the catechol–iron interaction using a library of diet-associated compounds designed to further elucidate the mechanism of dopamine-mediated ?-synuclein aggregation. Our lab has previously demonstrated that the highly abundant dietary catechol, caffeic acid, and its bacterial metabolite, dihydrocaffeic acid, inhibit ?-synuclein aggregation, likely through suppression of iron-mediated dopamine oxidation. Building on these findings, we sought to systematically probe the catechol–iron interaction to reveal the mechanistic origin of inhibited ?-synuclein aggregation. We hypothesized that catechols that outcompete dopamine for iron binding would prevent iron-mediated dopamine oxidation to quinones that drive ?-synuclein aggregation. To reveal the mechanism by which select catechols inhibit ?-synuclein aggregation, we designed a 37-membered library that systematically probes electronic effects of catechols and their ability to engage iron. Inhibition of ?-synuclein aggregation was tested by incubating dopamine, ?-synuclein monomer, nitrite, and iron (II)—a combination we previously discovered induces ?-synuclein aggregation—with each molecule in the compound library. Dot blot assays were used to quantify aggregation. Our results indicate that the strength of catechol–iron interactions is a factor in the inhibition of ?-synuclein aggregation as well as that other as-yet-undefined factors also govern this mechanism. Overall, this work provides novel mechanistic insight into the iron–catechol interaction and its role in intestinal ?-synuclein aggregation.ChemistryCellular biologyPathologyMolecular biologyBiochemistryapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wx5h1mvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8wx5h1mv/qt8wx5h1mv.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0hz3522n2026-06-15T06:40:12Zqt0hz3522nIntegrating AI Advice into Human Decision-MakingTejeda Lemus, HeliodoroSteyvers, Mark2026-06-12As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated into high-stakes domains such as healthcare, law, and education, the primary challenge of these systems is no longer algorithmic performance alone, but rather the quality of human-AI collaboration. This dissertation examines how humans rely on AI recommendations under varying conditions of uncertainty, transparency, feedback, and decision-space complexity through a noisy-image classification framework spanning four experimental studies. Chapter 2 investigates whether participants blindly follow AI advice in a concurrent decision-making paradigm when paired with varying levels of AI performance. The findings demonstrate that individuals do not passively follow AI recommendations; instead, they engage in adaptive reliance strategies that balance AI input against their own metacognitive confidence. Chapter 3 examines the effect of AI interface transparency on joint human-AI performance by manipulating the presentation of model predictions. Results show that displaying model confidence improves collaboration with highly accurate models but degrades performance when paired with poorly calibrated models. Chapter 4 expands this investigation by examining how reliance on AI advice evolves over time in the presence or absence of explicit trial-by-trial feedback. Although continuous feedback produced overcorrection effects with low-performing models, participants were nevertheless able to dynamically calibrate their reliance effectively over time, even without explicit feedback. Finally, Chapter 5 investigates how varying subset-size presentations influence joint human-AI performance. While no fixed subset size uniformly improved joint performance, an adaptive subset-selection strategy based on model confidence did improve human-AI performance across varying model capabilities. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that effective AI-assisted decision-making depends less on maximizing standalone AI accuracy and more on designing collaborative systems that enable humans to interpret, evaluate, and integrate AI recommendations under uncertainty. This dissertation argues that the future of AI system design lies not only in improving machine intelligence, but also in engineering collaborative interaction paradigms that support adaptive trust calibration and effective human-AI coordination.Cognitive psychologyComputer scienceArtificial intelligenceInformation scienceAI-Assisted Decision-MakingDecision-MakingHuman-AI Collaborationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hz3522nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0hz3522n/qt0hz3522n.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9sf3g02t2026-06-15T06:40:07Zqt9sf3g02tSubcellular Quantification of Endothelin-1 and HIF-1a in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia, Sustained Hypoxia, and Normoxia: Relevance to Obstructive Sleep ApneaCole, Andrew ThomasGrosberg, Anna2026-06-12Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder characterized by intermittent reductions in blood oxygen levels, known as intermittent hypoxia. Intermittent hypoxia has been linked to upregulation of certain hypoxia induced proteins such as endothelin-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. These proteins have been linked to a variety of detrimental health effects that are associated with obstructive sleep apnea; however, little is known about their subcellular localization. This study investigates the subcellular localization of endothelin-1 and hypoxiainducible factor-1α in human microvascular endothelial cells. These endothelial cells were seeded onto a coverslip that was exposed to 4 hours of intermittent hypoxia, sustained hypoxia, or normoxia by utilizing a gas-controlled chamber and incubator. Coverslips were fixed we paraformaldehyde, immunostained, and imaged to obtain ten fields of view. Cellpose segmentation software was utilized in each field of view to create binary masks for the nuclei and cytoskeleton for quantification. Python was utilized to quantify the pixel values that reside in the nuclei compared to the total pixel values in the given cytoskeleton binary mask. For intermittent hypoxia, nuclear area was significantly increased when compared to sustained hypoxia, and normoxia. Endothelin-1 fraction in the nuclei was significantly increased in intermittent hypoxia compared to normoxia and for sustained hypoxia compared to normoxia. However, there was no significant differences seen for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in any of the oxygen-dependent condition. These findings are relevant to OSA since intermittent hypoxia is the main driving force, leading to various detrimental health effects. These results create a better understanding of how intermittent hypoxia can influence endothelin-1 localization, leading to downstream signaling pathways that may have negative health consequences.Biomedical engineeringCellular biologyHealth sciencesMedical imagingEndothelialEndothelin-1HIF-1aHypoxiaIntermittent hypoxialocalizationapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sf3g02thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9sf3g02t/qt9sf3g02t.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4853d1sd2026-06-15T06:40:02Zqt4853d1sdFoundations for Computable Bayesian EpistemologyLopez-Wild, JosiahHuttegger, Simon2026-06-12Bayesianism aims to provide a unified normative theory of belief and rational decision. However, there has been a concern among Bayesians that the theory makes implausibly strong assumptions about agents’ cognitive power. How can Bayesianism be normative for agents like us, if we have no hope of satisfying its basic assumptions? This dissertation provides a mathematical and philosophical foundation for the emerging field of computable Bayesianism. The field aims to reformulate classical Bayesianism via techniques from computable analysis. I first show that the field is philosophically productive, shedding new light on classical Bayesian problems; I then provide foundational theorems that ground its most basic concepts—computable probability, computable utility, and algorithmic randomness—in the philosophical framework of subjective Bayesianism.Philosophy of scienceLogicMathematicsBayesian epistemologycomputabilitycomputable analysisdecision theoryprobabilityapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4853d1sdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4853d1sd/qt4853d1sd.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0gm9d2w42026-06-15T06:39:57Zqt0gm9d2w4Understanding the Perspectives of Immigrant Nigerian Women On Their Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence and the Importance of Social Support as a Coping StrategyNwokoro, SophiaNyamathi, Adey2026-06-12Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and understand the lived experiences and coping processes of Nigerian immigrant women who have experienced intimate partner violence in the United States. The study specifically sought to examine how cultural, social, religious, and immigration-related factors shaped their experiences of abuse, help-seeking behaviors, and coping strategies.Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design to explore the lived experiences of Nigerian immigrant women who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in the United States. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with participants recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s six-step approach. The study was guided by the coping paradigm framework to examine how structural, acculturation, and socio-environmental factors influenced participants’ experiences of IPV and their coping behaviors. Results: The findings revealed that Nigerian immigrant women experienced multiple intersecting forms of intimate partner violence, including physical, emotional, psychological, financial, and immigration-related abuse. Key themes identified included: 1) Intersecting Sources of Conflict; 2) Types of Violence Experienced in IPV; 3) Multidimensional Effects of IPV; 4) IPV: Coping and Survival Strategies; and 5) Impact of Barriers on Seeking Help and Coping. Participants described immigration status dependency, cultural and religious pressures to remain in abusive relationships, fear of deportation, social isolation, and limited access to support systems. Further, they described how patriarchal norms, stigma surrounding divorce, and lack of awareness of available resources influenced their coping strategies and delayed help-seeking behaviors. Despite these barriers, many women demonstrated resilience through informal support networks, spirituality, and eventual engagement with formal support services. The findings highlight the complex interaction between immigration experiences, cultural expectations, and IPV among Nigerian immigrant women. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that intimate partner violence among Nigerian immigrant women is shaped by the intersection of immigration-related challenges, cultural expectations, religious influences, and gendered power dynamics. The findings underscore how fear, stigma, immigration dependency, and limited support systems contributed to delayed help-seeking and prolonged exposure to abuse. At the same time, participants exhibited resilience through coping strategies grounded in spirituality, social support, and personal agency. These findings highlight the need for culturally responsive interventions, increased awareness of available resources, and policies that address the unique experiences of immigrant survivors of IPV.NursingIndividual & family studiesWomens studiesCriminologyCoping StrategiesDomestic AbuseImmigrant WomenIntimate Partner ViolenceNigeriapubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gm9d2w4etdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6833m9kt2026-06-15T06:39:53Zqt6833m9ktJuris “Doctor?” Juvenile Substance Use, Recidivism, and Care Efficacy: Evaluating Legal and Medical Approaches to a Public Health CrisisRiano, NicholasCauffman, Elizabeth2026-06-12Substance use among adolescents is both a public health concern and a frequent point of contact within the legal system, yet the institutions that respond to this problem often operate according to different priorities, definitions of success, and pathways into treatment. This dissertation examines how legal and medical systems uniquely address youth substance use through two complementary studies focused on treatment efficacy, harm reduction, and the consequences of institutional influence within systems of care. Study 1 evaluated the Orange County Juvenile Recovery Court (JRC), a specialty treatment court intended to reduce substance use and recidivism among justice-involved youth in Southern California. Using linked retrospective court, arrest, and drug testing data, Study 1 compared JRC graduates, terminal non-completers, and eligible non-enrollees on legal outcomes, substance use trajectories, sobriety, and treatment retention using descriptive analyses, adjusted logistic and ordinal logistic regression models, mixed-effects interrupted time-series models, and Cox proportional hazards models. Graduates demonstrated the most favorable overall treatment profile, including lower substance use burden, greater evidence of harm reduction over time, higher likelihood of sobriety at exit, and lower risk of serious later offending. At the same time, these apparent benefits were qualified by selective retention: youth with more persistent and complex substance use were more likely to terminate unsuccessfully, and in-program substance use often predicted later legal risk better than graduation status alone. Study 2 examined whether treatment outcomes differed by referral source in a national sample of youth treated within federally funded substance use treatment programs. Treatment episodes were drawn from the Treatment Episode Data Set: Discharges (TEDS-D) from 2016-2023. Using descriptive analyses, Pearson correlations, mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models, multinomial logistic regression models, interaction models, and pooled regional difference test models, Study 2 compared self-, medical-, community-, and court-referred youth on admission burden, harm reduction, sobriety at discharge, and treatment success. Medically referred youth generally entered treatment with greater clinical burden, but often showed stronger reductions in substance use severity, and demonstrated more favorable sobriety outcomes. Court- and community-referred youth frequently appeared less severe at admission and were often more likely to meet administratively defined treatment success criteria, yet these advantages did not consistently extend to harm reduction or sobriety. Taken together, these studies show that youth substance use outcomes are shaped not only by individual need, but by institutional routing, retention, and outcome definitions. As such, this dissertation reframes adolescent substance use treatment as a systems-of-care problem and identifies clearer targets for improving treatment evaluation, service delivery, and cross-system accountability.PsychologyHealth sciencesQuantitative psychologyPublic healthapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6833m9kthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6833m9kt/qt6833m9kt.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt49n274zs2026-06-15T06:39:48Zqt49n274zsDevelopment and Evaluation of ADOPT-Based Microfluidic Workflows for Live Suspension Single Cell ImagingZhang, ZhikaiLee, Abraham2026-06-12Live suspension cells are difficult to image because they are not naturally immobilized and may drift during acquisition. A novel Arrayed-Droplet Optical Projection Tomography (ADOPT) platform could potentially address this challenge by encapsulating cells in droplets and using oil-flow-induced microvortices to rotate the cells for multi-angle imaging. This thesis evaluated an ADOPT-based imaging platform using the ZOT Trap as the primary cell trapping and imaging microfluidic device. For the conventional workflow, pressure-controlled droplets were generated and loaded into the ZOT Trap. Then, they were exposed to oil perfusion to induce cell rotation. Selected single cell droplets were then imaged using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy. K562 cells and CD28-activated CD8+ T cells were imaged with this workflow. This thesis also explored a preliminary One-step Imaging approach as a simplified modification of the ADOPT system. This approach attempted to bypass the droplet generation process by loading cell suspension directly into the ADOPT Chip, followed by oil displacement to form cell-laden droplets directly inside the microwells. With further optimization, this platform has the potential to become a more efficient and versatile method for live suspension single cell imaging.Biomedical engineeringCellular biologyMolecular biologyDroplet MicrofluidicsLive Suspension CellOptical Projection TomographySingle Cell Imagingapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/49n274zshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt49n274zs/qt49n274zs.pdfetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2qm0x8xm2026-06-15T06:39:43Zqt2qm0x8xmGlobally Optimal-Solution Method for Robust Optimization and Application Case Study on State-Task Network Scheduling of Batch Plants with Yield UncertaintyJIA, RUIManousiouthakis, Vasilios I2026-06-10Chemical production scheduling under parameter uncertainty has been studied extensively, but most existing robust formulations treat uncertainty as a generic perturbation around nominal values, with little connection to the underlying physical and chemical behavior. This thesis develops a robust scheduling framework that explicitly links macro-level scheduling decisions to a micro-level mechanism, using catalyst deactivation in a multipurpose batch plant as the concrete setting. Building on the State-Task Network (STN) representation and a continuous-time formulation, we model uncertainty in task output coefficients as it enters inequality constraints, and prove an equivalence theorem under explicit structural assumptions that reformulates the resulting robust mixed-integer program into a single-level Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) whose global optimum coincides with that of the original problem. In a case study, three polyhedral uncertainty sets are then constructed and compared: the standard rectangular and budget sets, and a physically motivated refined set that encodes one-sided yield deviations together with time-smoothness constraints reflecting the gradual nature of catalyst aging. We show that these sets are strictly nested, guaranteeing that the refined set is no more conservative than the budget set and strictly less whenever the smoothness constraint is active. Numerical experiments on a benchmark STN process quantify the cost of conservatism through feed consumption and assess out-of-sample demand satisfaction via Monte Carlo sampling. The refined approach reliably meets demand under physically plausible degradation while consuming significantly less feed than budget and rectangular solutions, and the time-smoothness parameter provides a mechanism-rooted tuning knob along the cost-robustness frontier.Chemical engineeringIndustrial engineeringOperations researchGlobal OptimizationMixed-Integer Linear ProgrammingPolyhedral Uncertainty SetRobust OptimizationSchedulingState-Task NetworkpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qm0x8xmetdoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8727s17b2026-06-15T05:21:49Zqt8727s17bCPO2Hill: An Efficient Parametrisation to Infer Anisotropic Viscous Behaviour Directly from Olivine Texture ParametersKirály, ÁgnesWang, YijunConrad, Clinton PHansen, Lars NMather, Ben2026-06-15Anisotropic viscosity is likely prevalent within the upper mantle, but is usually disregarded in geodynamics models. On a crystal scale, olivine’s intrinsic properties are such that dislocation creep occurs over an order of magnitude more easily along olivine’s [100] symmetry axis than along its [001] axis. However, deforming olivine aggregates generate crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) with their own macroscopically effective anisotropic viscosities that have proven difficult to estimate from the microscopic anisotropies of individual olivine crystals. Here we present a simple method to derive anisotropic viscosity parameters directly from the CPO mean orientation tensors. To calibrate the method, we created a large database of textures likely to occur in geodynamic simulations. We tested our method within numerical simulations of simple shear with both constant and varying shear directions. Finally, we integrated our method into the geodynamic code ASPECT, where it can be used to explore the geodynamic importance of anisotropic viscosity.anisotropic viscosityOlivine CPODatabaseGeodynamic Modellingapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8727s17bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8727s17b/qt8727s17b.pdfinfo:doi/10.5070/F3.49008articleGeodynamica, vol 1, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3qd4z7b02026-06-15T04:48:14Zqt3qd4z7b0AmeriFlux BASE data pipeline to support network growth and data sharingChu, HousenChristianson, Danielle SCheah, You-WeiPastorello, GilbertoO’Brien, FiannaGeden, JoshuaNgo, Sy-ToanHollowgrass, RachelLeibowitz, KarlaBeekwilder, Norman FSandesh, MeghaDengel, SigridChan, Stephen WSantos, AndréDelwiche, KyleYi, KoongBuechner, ChristinBaldocchi, DennisPapale, DarioKeenan, Trevor FBiraud, Sébastien CAgarwal, Deborah ATorn, Margaret S2023-01-01AmeriFlux is a network of research sites that measure carbon, water, and energy fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere using the eddy covariance technique to study a variety of Earth science questions. AmeriFlux’s diversity of ecosystems, instruments, and data-processing routines create challenges for data standardization, quality assurance, and sharing across the network. To address these challenges, the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) designed and implemented the BASE data-processing pipeline. The pipeline begins with data uploaded by the site teams, followed by the AMP team’s quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), ingestion of site metadata, and publication of the BASE data product. The semi-automated pipeline enables us to keep pace with the rapid growth of the network. As of 2022, the AmeriFlux BASE data product contains 3,130 site years of data from 444 sites, with standardized units and variable names of more than 60 common variables, representing the largest long-term data repository for flux-met data in the world. The standardized, quality-ensured data product facilitates multisite comparisons, model evaluations, and data syntheses.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)CESD-Carbon Cycle Measurement and Modeling (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qd4z7b0https://escholarship.org/content/qt3qd4z7b0/qt3qd4z7b0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41597-023-02531-2articleScientific Data, vol 10, iss 1614oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8kb0h1gb2026-06-15T04:47:55Zqt8kb0h1gbGuidelines for Publicly Archiving Terrestrial Model Data to Enhance Usability, Intercomparison, and SynthesisSimmonds, Maegen BRiley, William JAgarwal, Deborah AChen, XingyuanCholia, ShreyasCrystal-Ornelas, RobertCoon, Ethan TDwivedi, DipankarHendrix, Valerie CHuang, MaoyiJan, AhmadKakalia, ZarineKumar, JitendraKoven, Charles DLi, LiMelara, MarioRamakrishnan, LavanyaRicciuto, Daniel MWalker, Anthony PZhi, WeiZhu, QingVaradharajan, Charuleka2022-01-01Scientific communities are increasingly publishing data to evaluate, accredit, and build on published research. However, guidelines for curating data for publication are sparse for model-related research, limiting the usability of archived simulation data. In particular, there are no established guidelines for archiving data related to terrestrial models that simulate land processes and their coupled interactions with climate. Terrestrial modelers have a unique set of challenges when publishing data due to the diversity of scientific domains, research questions, and the types and scales of simulations. Researchers in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) projects use a variety of multiscale models to advance robust predictions of terrestrial and subsurface ecosystem processes. Here, we synthesize archiving needs for data associated with different DOE models, and provide guidelines for publishing terrestrial model data components following FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. The guidelines recommend archiving model inputs and testing data used in final simulation runs along with associated codes, workflow scripts, and metadata in public repositories. Researchers should consider archiving model outputs if they are within the storage limits of the repository. We also provide considerations for how to bundle files into different data publications with citable digital object identifiers. Finally, we identify repository features and tools that would enable storage and reuse of model data. Given the diversity of DOE terrestrial models, these guidelines are transferable to other model types and will enable efficient reuse of simulation data for purposes such as model intercomparisons, initialization, benchmarking, synthesis, and comparisons with field observations.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4610 Library and Information Studies (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing (for)0804 Data Format (for)Computation Theory & Mathematics (science-metrix)4605 Data management and data science (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kb0h1gbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8kb0h1gb/qt8kb0h1gb.pdfinfo:doi/10.5334/dsj-2022-003articleData Science Journal, vol 21, iss 13oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7298g7m92026-06-15T04:47:51Zqt7298g7m9A Guide to Using GitHub for Developing and Versioning Data Standards and Reporting FormatsCrystal‐Ornelas, RobertVaradharajan, CharulekaBond‐Lamberty, BenBoye, KristinBurrus, MadisonCholia, ShreyasCrow, MichaelDamerow, JoanDevarakonda, RanjeetEly, Kim SGoldman, AmyHeinz, SusanHendrix, ValerieKakalia, ZarinePennington, Stephanie CRobles, EmilyRogers, AlistairSimmonds, MaegenVelliquette, TerriWeierbach, HelenWeisenhorn, PamelaWelch, Jessica NAgarwal, Deborah A2021-08-01Abstract Data standardization combined with descriptive metadata facilitate data reuse, which is the ultimate goal of the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. Community data or metadata standards are increasingly created through an approach that emphasizes collaboration between various stakeholders. Such an approach requires platforms for collaboration on the development process that centers on sharing information and receiving feedback. Our objective in this study was to conduct a systematic review to identify data standards and reporting formats that use version control for developing data standards and to summarize common practices, particularly in earth and environmental sciences. Out of 108 data standards and reporting formats identified in our review, 32 used GitHub as the version control platform, and no other platforms were used. We found no universally accepted methodology for developing and publishing data standards. Many GitHub repositories did not use key features that could help developers to gather user feedback, or to create and revise standards that build on previous work. We provide guidance for community‐driven standard development and associated documentation on GitHub based on a systematic review of existing practices.
Key Points Developing data standards on Version Control System platforms like GitHub enables collaboration and transparency Many standards do not use tools for collaboration: issue tracking, licensing, and automated website hosting (GitBook or GitHub Pages) We make recommendations and provide templates for creating descriptive version‐controlled data standard documentation on GitHub37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Data Science (rcdc)FAIR dataTRUST principlesopen sciencemetadatadata repositories37 Earth sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7298g7m9https://escholarship.org/content/qt7298g7m9/qt7298g7m9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1029/2021ea001797articleEarth and Space Science, vol 8, iss 8oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2jp1s60h2026-06-15T04:47:47Zqt2jp1s60hThe Colorado East River Community Observatory Data CollectionKakalia, ZarineVaradharajan, CharulekaAlper, ErekBrodie, Eoin LBurrus, MadisonCarroll, Rosemary WHChristianson, Danielle SDong, WenmingHendrix, Valerie CHenderson, MatthewHubbard, Susan SJohnson, DouglasVersteeg, RoelofWilliams, Kenneth HAgarwal, Deborah A2021-06-01Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Colorado East River Community Observatory (ER) in the Upper Colorado River Basin was established in 2015 as a representative mountainous, snow‐dominated watershed to study hydrobiogeochemical responses to hydrological perturbations in headwater systems. The ER is characterized by steep elevation, geologic, hydrologic and vegetation gradients along floodplain, montane, subalpine, and alpine life zones, which makes it an ideal location for researchers to understand how different mountain subsystems contribute to overall watershed behaviour. The ER has both long‐term and spatially‐extensive observations and experimental campaigns carried out by the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA), led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and researchers from over 30 organizations who conduct cross‐disciplinary process‐based investigations and modelling of watershed behaviour. The heterogeneous data generated at the ER include hydrological, genomic, biogeochemical, climate, vegetation, geological, and remote sensing data, which combined with model inputs and outputs comprise a collection of datasets and value‐added products within a mountainous watershed that span multiple spatiotemporal scales, compartments, and life zones. Within 5 years of collection, these datasets have revealed insights into numerous aspects of watershed function such as factors influencing snow accumulation and melt timing, water balance partitioning, and impacts of floodplain biogeochemistry and hillslope ecohydrology on riverine geochemical exports. Data generated by the SFA are managed and curated through its Data Management Framework. The SFA has an open data policy, and over 70 ER datasets are publicly available through relevant data repositories. A public interactive map of data collection sites run by the SFA is available to inform the broader community about SFA field activities. Here, we describe the ER and the SFA measurement network, present the public data collection generated by the SFA and partner institutions, and highlight the value of collecting multidisciplinary multiscale measurements in representative catchment observatories.3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for-2020)37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)diverse watershed dataEast Riverhydrobiogeochemical processesmountainous watershed observatorywatershed function science focus areawatershed function SFA data0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for)0905 Civil Engineering (for)0907 Environmental Engineering (for)Environmental Engineering (science-metrix)3707 Hydrology (for-2020)3709 Physical geography and environmental geoscience (for-2020)4005 Civil engineering (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jp1s60hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2jp1s60h/qt2jp1s60h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/hyp.14243articleHydrological Processes, vol 35, iss 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6b3725k42026-06-15T04:46:01Zqt6b3725k4A New Data Set to Keep a Sharper Eye on Land-Air ExchangesPastorello, GPapale, DChu, HTrotta, CAgarwal, DCanfora, EBaldocchi, DTorn, M2017-04-17FLUXNET15, the latest update of the longest global record of ecosystem carbon, water, and energy fluxes, features improved data quality, new data products, and more open data sharing policies.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3103 Ecology (for-2020)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (science-metrix)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b3725k4info:doi/10.1029/2017eo071597articleEos, vol 98, iss 827 - 32oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1dc9j42v2026-06-15T04:35:29Zqt1dc9j42vHigh Energy Physics Network Requirements Review (Final Report, July 2024–December 2024)Zurawski, JasonCarder, DaleChaniotakis, EvangelosDawson, CianDart, EliHawk, CarolLove, JeremyPaine, DrewPatwa, AbidRobinson, KateTian, JiachuanTracy, ChrisWiedlea, Andrew2025-10-01The world-class research infrastructure at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (SC) provides the research community with premier observational, experimental, computational, and network capabilities. Each user facility is designed to provide unique capabilities to advance the core DOE mission in science and technology for its SC program to stimulate rich scientific discoveries and enhance its innovation ecosystem. Research communities gather and flourish around each user facility, bringing together new and enhanced perspectives. The continual reinvention of the practice of science — as users and staff forge novel approaches expressed in research workflows — unlocks new discoveries and propels scientific progress.
Within this research ecosystem, the high-performance computing (HPC) and networking user facilities stewarded by the SC’s Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program play a dynamic cross-cutting role, enabling complex workflows demanding high-performance data, networking, and computing solutions. The ASCR facilities enterprise seeks to understand and meet the needs and requirements across SC and DOE domain science programs and priority efforts, highlighted by the formal requirements review methodology.
Between July and December 2024, the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) and the Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) of the DOE-SC organized an ESnet requirements review of HEP-supported program activities. Preparation for these events included identification of key stakeholders: program and facility management, research groups, and technology providers. Each stakeholder group was asked to prepare formal case study documents about its relationship to the HEP program to build a complete understanding of the current, near-term, and long-term status, expectations, and processes that will support the science going forward.application/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dc9j42vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1dc9j42v/qt1dc9j42v.pdfinfo:doi/10.2172/2997097articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1p06g6tv2026-06-15T04:25:32Zqt1p06g6tvEducation in Point of Care UltrasoundMyers, Melissa2026-04-08Widespread adoption of Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in Emergency Medicine (EM) has accelerated over recent years. This increase in the use of POCUS has led to safety concerns by those outside our specialty about the use of ultrasound outside of radiology.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p06g6tvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1p06g6tv/qt1p06g6tv.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.66167articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 7, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt30f2p2v92026-06-15T04:24:28Zqt30f2p2v9IMGs are still MDsSpice, Alison2026-04-08What is an IMG you ask? IMG stands for International Medical Graduate. This includes anyone who attended and obtained their medical degree from outside the United States. Even though they may be a U.S. citizen and went to school outside the United States, they are still categorized as an IMG. However, you will have U.S. preceding the IMG, thus resulting in the title of US IMG versus non-US IMG (IMG that is not a U.S. citizen). But, in all seriousness, labelling an MD as an IMG not still an MD?application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/30f2p2v9https://escholarship.org/content/qt30f2p2v9/qt30f2p2v9.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.66166articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 7, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5tq158ds2026-06-15T04:22:30Zqt5tq158dsWe Are At RiskSwisher, Loice2026-01-08SURGEON GENERAL’S WARNINGapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tq158dshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5tq158ds/qt5tq158ds.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.66164articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 7, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5s38t07r2026-06-15T04:21:38Zqt5s38t07rAbortion is Health CareCalhoun, Liz2026-01-08Why are we making a statement on a political issue? Because this is not one. Bodily autonomy is not a political issue; it is a basic human right that has been turned into a political issue.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s38t07rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5s38t07r/qt5s38t07r.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.66163articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 7, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55q7n3342026-06-15T04:20:12Zqt55q7n334Captivating Capnography – The Basics of End-Tidal CO2 Rezny, BenjaminWinkleman, Andrew2026-01-08Capnography is most known for its use in confirming endotracheal tube placement and assessing the effectiveness of CPR. However, there are several other clinical scenarios where end tidal CO2 (ET-CO2) can provide us useful information.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55q7n334https://escholarship.org/content/qt55q7n334/qt55q7n334.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.66162articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 7, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4mq7q7xb2026-06-15T04:18:24Zqt4mq7q7xbMEMC 2025 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS2025-10-12Abstracts Presented at the XIIIth Mediterranean Emergency Medicine Congress - MEMC25 at Semmelweis University,
Budhapest, Hungary
August 14-17, 2025 application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mq7q7xbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4mq7q7xb/qt4mq7q7xb.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.65943articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 7, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0k95v1cw2026-06-15T04:17:00Zqt0k95v1cwCharacteristics of High Utilizer Patients in the Emergency Department at a University Hospital in the Kingdom of BahrainAljawder, NaserSinan, IsraaQureshi, FaisalBucheer, EyadAljawder, Aysha2024-07-14Background: Emergency departments (EDs) around the world are facing a crippling crisis of overcrowding, a complex problem caused by a variety of factors. One contributing factor is the overutilization of EDs by patients with frequent visits. Objective: This study aims at measuring the prevalence of this phenomenon and better understanding the characteristics of high utilizers.
Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, for patients aged 14 years and above during the year 2022. The definition of a high utilizer is set as any patient that fits the inclusion criteria with four or more visits to the ED during 1 year.
Results: The prevalence of high utilizers in our ED is 3.9%, accounting for 12.1% of visits in 2022, where 135 was the highest number of visits made by one patient. Visits mostly consisted of level 3, Yellow (48.9%) and level 4, Green (42.8%) triage. The top three chief complaints were sore throat (16.8%), unwell adult (15.1%), and abdominal pain (12.8%). The total length of stay was 3.6 ± 3.2 h in the ED. Time of arrival was observed; 23.9% presented at night, 37.8% in the morning, and 38.8% in the evening. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of high utilizers was found to be 3.9% in our study, falling within the range based on literature. Due to the parallel issues raised by many studies, the importance of developing convenient corrective strategies and conducting further national-based studies to get better insight of high utilizers is required.
Conclusions: The prevalence rate of high utilizers was found to be 3.9% in our study, falling within the range based on literature. Due to the parallel issues raised by many studies, the importance of developing convenient corrective strategies and conducting further national-based studies to get better insight of high utilizers is required. high utilizersfrequent utilizersemergency departmentshealth care utilizationEMDEDfrequent flyersapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k95v1cwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0k95v1cw/qt0k95v1cw.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63048articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4j6862pp2026-06-15T04:15:34Zqt4j6862ppHigh Level Disinfection at Bedside? High Level Disinfection Wipes for Ultrasound Probes in the EDLo, BruceMyers, Melissa2025-07-14A 26-year-old woman presents with a oneday history of lower abdominal cramping. She reports a positive home pregnancy test, with her last menstrual period occurring six weeks ago. On examination, she is hemodynamically stable but has mild tenderness in the suprapubic region. You perform a bedside transvaginal ultrasound confirming a 6-week intrauterine pregnancy with an appropriate fetal heart rate and no adnexal masses. After reassuring her, you arrange follow-up with the on-call OB/GYN and discharge her within 90 minutes of her arrival. As you hand the transvaginal ultrasound probe to the ED technician, they ask for guidance on how to properly clean it.
Typically, probes used on the skin surface are cleaned after each use by removing visible contamination, followed by disinfection with a lowlevel disinfectant (LLD). LLDs, which are often alcohol- or quaternary ammonium compoundbased, are applied via spray or wipes.
However, internal probes, such as those used for transvaginal imaging, are more prone to contamination, even when probe covers and LLDs are used. One study reported a condom breakage rate of up to 13% during transvaginal examinations. Another study found bacterial contamination rates of 33.7% after sheath removal, which decreased to 12.9% after LLD cleaning. Similarly, viral contamination rates were 19.4% after sheath removal and dropped to 1.0% following LLD cleaning. Due to the significant risk of crosscontamination, current guidelines recommend highlevel disinfection (HLD) for ultrasound transducers after internal use.
Traditional HLD systems often utilize chemical solutions like glutaraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide and require a separate device for cleaning. However, in 2023, the FDA approved an HLD solution in a wipe form, which is now available in the U.S. as an alternative to machine-based HLD platforms. These wipes have been approved and used in Europe since 2008. application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j6862pphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4j6862pp/qt4j6862pp.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63059articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0f03s04t2026-06-15T04:13:55Zqt0f03s04tBridging the Gap Towards Developing Emergency Medicine: ED-based and -trained Attendings Outperform Attendings from Hospital Departments Rotating in the EDIntas, GeorgeAgrogianni, MairiKoufomichali, XanthiTsogas, NapoleonLithari, ChristinaKaragiannis, GeorgeAsiki, CharikleiaTsiftsis, Dimitrios2025-07-14Introduction: In Greece, Emergency Departments (EDs) are currently staffed with medical personnel without formal training in Emergency Medicine (EM). These attendings come from various medical specialty training backgrounds. The aim of the study was how ED-based attendings who have been trained in the ED for more than a year, can handle medical emergency cases compared to attendings from other medical department in terms of ED length of stay (ED-LOS).
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. We examined the “waiting time “(Time between ED arrival/triage and Time first seen by a Physician?) and the duration between when patients were first cared for in the ED by a physician until the decision to admit or discharge (“Care Time”) (Time between Seen by physician AND Disposition). We recorded time periods from 18 different days from the EMR dataset. The study was conducted in a large ED in Athens, Greece, with 120,000 ED visits per year. We enrolled 5572 medical patients who visited the ED. The IBM SPSS v.27.0 statistic program was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The total “waiting time” of patients was 164.1±255.9 min and the “care time” of patients was 41.3±74.1 min. The ED-based attendings had significantly less patient waiting time (126.4±264.7 vs. 199.1±243.2, p=0.008) and fewer patients were waiting to be seen (2.1±1.9 vs. 4.6±4.1, p=0.001) than attendings from other medical department rotating in the ED. The ED-based attendings had significantly less time investigating and treating patients in the ED than the attendings from other medical departments (37.3±76.8 vs. 45.6±70.9, p=0.048).
Conclusion: Our study confirms that EM training can improve the quality of care, by decreasing waiting time, workup and management time in the ED. Greater benefits should be expected as Greece develops formal EM residency training. Emergency Physiciansmedical attendingsEmergency DepartmentsLength of StayWaiting timeapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f03s04thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0f03s04t/qt0f03s04t.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61845articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt427348bp2026-06-15T04:11:37Zqt427348bpTurning Foes to Friends: Establishing Collegiality in the ED Sazama, Alan2025-04-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/427348bphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt427348bp/qt427348bp.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63057articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1zv5s0hr2026-06-15T04:10:01Zqt1zv5s0hrOxygen is for the Weak Hitchcock, Robyn2025-04-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zv5s0hrhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1zv5s0hr/qt1zv5s0hr.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63056articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8647x54r2026-06-15T04:08:42Zqt8647x54rImposter SyndromeGoodrich, DanielleEstes, Molly2025-04-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8647x54rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8647x54r/qt8647x54r.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63055articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4ft3w1f92026-06-15T04:07:04Zqt4ft3w1f9What is ED Operations? Baliunas, Algis2025-01-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ft3w1f9https://escholarship.org/content/qt4ft3w1f9/qt4ft3w1f9.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63054articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5g52b87w2026-06-15T04:05:20Zqt5g52b87wBecoming the Senior Resident: Embracing Leadership in Emergency Medicine Unanyan, Mary2025-01-15application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5g52b87whttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5g52b87w/qt5g52b87w.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63053articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt66h8178q2026-06-15T04:03:18Zqt66h8178qThe Emergency Department Boarding Crisis Baliunas, Algis2025-01-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/66h8178qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt66h8178q/qt66h8178q.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63052articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt85n1k0tv2026-06-15T04:01:59Zqt85n1k0tvA Universal Augmentation Framework for Long-Range Electrostatics in Machine Learning Interatomic PotentialsKim, DongjinWang, XiaoyuVargas, SantiagoZhong, PeichenKing, Daniel SInizan, Theo JaffrelotCheng, Bingqing2025-12-23Most current machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) rely on short-range approximations, without explicit treatment of long-range electrostatics. To address this, we recently developed the Latent Ewald Summation (LES) method, which infers electrostatic interactions, polarization, and Born effective charges (BECs), just by learning from energy and force training data. Here, we present LES as a standalone library, compatible with any short-range MLIP, and demonstrate its integration with methods such as MACE, NequIP, Allegro, CACE, CHGNet, and UMA. We benchmark LES-enhanced models on distinct systems, including bulk water, polar dipeptides, and gold dimer adsorption on defective substrates, and show that LES not only captures correct electrostatics but also improves accuracy. Additionally, we scale LES to large and chemically diverse data by training MACELES-OFF on the SPICE set containing molecules and clusters, making a universal MLIP with electrostatics for organic systems, including biomolecules. MACELES-OFF is more accurate than its short-range counterpart (MACE-OFF) trained on the same data set, predicts dipoles and BECs reliably, and has better descriptions of bulk liquids. By enabling efficient long-range electrostatics without directly training on electrical properties, LES paves the way for electrostatic foundation MLIPs.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)3406 Physical Chemistry (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)0307 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (for)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)0803 Computer Software (for)Chemical Physics (science-metrix)3406 Physical chemistry (for-2020)3407 Theoretical and computational chemistry (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/85n1k0tvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt85n1k0tv/qt85n1k0tv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01400articleJournal of Chemical Theory and Computation, vol 21, iss 2412709 - 12724oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt82b0x2j22026-06-15T04:01:57Zqt82b0x2j2To Do, or Not to Do, That Is the Question Webley, James2024-10-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/82b0x2j2https://escholarship.org/content/qt82b0x2j2/qt82b0x2j2.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63051articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4w15p8vg2026-06-15T04:01:54Zqt4w15p8vgLeast H2 norm updating of quadratic interpolation models for derivative-free trust-region algorithmsXie, PengchengYuan, Ya-xiang2026-01-25Abstract One particular class of derivative-free optimization algorithms is trust-region algorithms based on quadratic models given by the under-determined interpolation. Different techniques in updating the quadratic model from iteration to iteration will give different interpolation models. We propose a new way to update the quadratic model by minimizing the $H^{2}$ norm of the difference between neighboring quadratic models. The motivation for applying the $H^{2}$ norm is given. The theoretical properties of our new updating technique are also presented. We propose the projection in the sense of $H^{2}$ norm and the interpolation error analysis of our model function. We obtain the coefficients of the quadratic model function using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. Numerical results show the advantages of our model on the test set considered, and the derivative-free algorithms based on our least $H^{2}$ norm updating quadratic model functions can solve test problems with fewer function evaluations than the algorithm based on the least Frobenius norm updating model and the other compared methods.4901 Applied Mathematics (for-2020)4903 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)derivative-free optimizationquadratic modeltrust-regioninterpolationH (2) norm0102 Applied Mathematics (for)0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for)Numerical & Computational Mathematics (science-metrix)4901 Applied mathematics (for-2020)4903 Numerical and computational mathematics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w15p8vghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4w15p8vg/qt4w15p8vg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/imanum/drae106articleIMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, vol 46, iss 121 - 50oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1fh696pp2026-06-15T03:23:09Zqt1fh696ppFirst, Do No Harm 2024-10-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fh696pphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1fh696pp/qt1fh696pp.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63050articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3166m4hw2026-06-15T03:22:07Zqt3166m4hwAdding Insult to Injury: Resident Mistreatment in Emergency MedicineEbeling, MelBrown, Cortlyn2024-10-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3166m4hwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3166m4hw/qt3166m4hw.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63049articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 6, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1247f66d2026-06-15T03:20:55Zqt1247f66dCritical Care Education: How Early Is Too Early? Omidvar, AvaCarvey, Matthew2024-07-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1247f66dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1247f66d/qt1247f66d.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63046articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt79z292112026-06-15T03:19:35Zqt79z29211Refractory Hypoxemia? Is Positive End Expiratory Pressure Always the Answer? Cavert, AlexTimbers, WilliamGmora, FrederickLentz, Skyler2024-07-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/79z29211https://escholarship.org/content/qt79z29211/qt79z29211.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63047articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5z93m6nk2026-06-15T03:17:56Zqt5z93m6nk Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Stampfl, MatthewRezny, Benjamin2025-07-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z93m6nkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5z93m6nk/qt5z93m6nk.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63058articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1jx7v3ft2026-06-15T03:15:50Zqt1jx7v3ftMy Journey from ER to Palliative Care Gale, Alexa2024-04-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jx7v3fthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1jx7v3ft/qt1jx7v3ft.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63044articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4w6478kn2026-06-15T03:14:35Zqt4w6478knWhy I No Longer Teach ATLS LeWitt, Michael2024-04-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w6478knhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4w6478kn/qt4w6478kn.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63043articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8gc9v88n2026-06-15T03:13:19Zqt8gc9v88nFactors Associated with Pediatric Emergency Department Avoidance During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional, Telephone-based Survey in Beirut, Lebanon Mahmassani, DinaMghames, Abdo JosephTamim, HaniEl Sheikh, WalaaHitti, Eveline2024-04-14Introduction: We aimed to explore avoidant behavior of parents of frequent pediatric Emergency Department (ED) users, reasons behind avoidance and healthcare seeking behaviors in avoiders during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional telephone-based survey on parents of frequent pediatric ED users at a tertiary care center in Beirut between March and August 2021.
Results: A total of 240 frequent pediatric ED users were included. Female comprised 39.6% of the sample. Of the surveyed patients, 117 reported ED avoidance. ED avoidance was common among parents of patients with concern for their child contracting COVID-19 during an ED visit (aOR=1.28, p<0.001,95%CI[1.13, 1.45]). However, parents of patients with an underlying malignancy/hematologic disease were less likely to refrain from ED visits (aOR=0.29, p<0.001, 95%CI[0.14, 0.60]). Moreover, 97.9% of parents of patients with acute symptoms who avoided the ED reported the fear of contracting COVID-19 as the main reason behind their avoidance. Of those who had acute symptoms and avoided the ED, the majority messaged or called a doctor as an alternative for their acute complaint. Furthermore, 28.9 sought yielded worse quality of care than what they would have experienced from the ED.
Conclusion: In patients with high ED utilization rates, ED avoidance was common among parents of patients with concern for their child contracting COVID-19 during an ED visit. However, parents of patients with an underlying malignancy/hematologic disease were less likely to report avoidance. Developing alternative strategies to reduce emergency department (ED) avoidance during pandemics is crucial to ensuring that children continue to have access to acute care without a reduction in quality during public health crises. emergency departmentED avoidancepediatric populationfrequent ED usersapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gc9v88nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8gc9v88n/qt8gc9v88n.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63045articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1hs8g3k02026-06-15T03:10:09Zqt1hs8g3k0Association Between Teaching Status of Metropolitan Hospitals and Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Retrospective Observational Study of Hospitals in the United StatesHalabi, ZeinaH. BACHIR, RanaJ. El Sayed, Mazen2019-01-01Introduction:
The quality of care and patient outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are affected by different factors, one of which is the hospital teaching status. This study aims to assess the association between teaching status of hospitals and survival rates.
Methods:
This retrospective observational study utilized the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database of the year 2014 (released in 2016). The study sample included OHCA 122,776 patients. Descriptive analysis was performed. Patients’ characteristics were compared according to the hospital teaching status. This was followed by a multivariate analysis to assess the impact of the hospital teaching status on the patients’ survival at hospital discharge after controlling for confounding factors.
Results:
A total of 122,776 patients with OHCA were included in this study. The average age was 65.91 years with male predominance (61.7%). Around 62.1% of patients were admitted to metropolitan teaching hospitals. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 6.4%. Survival was higher in patients who were treated in a metropolitan teaching hospital in comparison with those who presented to a metropolitan non-teaching hospital (7.2 % versus 4.9%, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients’ survival to hospital discharge was similar in the two groups (teaching and non-teaching metropolitan hospitals) (OR=0.909, 95% CI 0.776 – 1.065).
Conclusion:
In this study, there was no significant association between teaching status of US metropolitan hospitals and survival of OHCA patients. OHCA patients may be transferred to the nearest hospital regardless of teaching status in US metropolitan areas.Out of Hospital Cardiac arrestsOutcomesTeaching Statussurvivalapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hs8g3k0https://escholarship.org/content/qt1hs8g3k0/qt1hs8g3k0.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61835articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt35q526mv2026-06-15T03:08:47Zqt35q526mvHow to Stand Up for Science and Fight Burnout M. Gaddis, Gary2024-01-15application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/35q526mvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt35q526mv/qt35q526mv.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63041articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2cw9v5bq2026-06-15T03:05:24Zqt2cw9v5bqBeirut Port Blast 2020: New Lessons Learned in Mass Casualty Incident Management in the Emergency Department Hitti, EvelineCheaito, Mohamad AliKazzi, Amin Antoine2024-01-15Background: On August 4, 2020, Lebanon suffered its largest mass casualty incident (MCI) to date: the Beirut Port blast. Hospital emergency response to MCIs is particularly challenging in low- and middleincome countries, where emergency medical services are not well developed and where hospitals have to rapidly scale up capacity to receive large influxes of casualties. This article describes the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) response to the Beirut Port blast and outlines the lessons learned.
Discussion: The Beirut Port blast reinforced the importance of proper preparedness and flexibility in managing an MCI. Effective elements of AUBMC's MCI plan included geographic-based activation criteria, along with use of Wi-Fi messaging systems for timely notification of disaster teams. Crowd control through planned facility closures allowed medical teams to focus on patient care. Pre-identified surge areas with prepared disaster cart deployment allowed the teams to scale up quickly. Several challenges were identified related to electronic medical records (EMRs), including patient registration, staff training on EMR disaster modules, and cumbersome EMR admission process workflows. Finally, this experience highlights the importance of psychological debriefs after MCIs.
Conclusions: Hospital MCI preparedness plans can integrate several strategies that are effective in quickly scaling up capacity to respond to large MCIs. These are especially necessary in countries that lack coordinated prehospital systems emergency planningemergency responsemass casuality incidentdisaster planningemergency departmentmass casualty managementbeirut blastapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cw9v5bqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2cw9v5bq/qt2cw9v5bq.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.63040articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0wh8q98n2026-06-15T03:04:17Zqt0wh8q98n MEMC 2023 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS - PART 22023-10-12application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wh8q98nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0wh8q98n/qt0wh8q98n.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.62140articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 5, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt72r8k7292026-06-15T03:03:22Zqt72r8k729 MEMC 2023 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS - PART 12023-07-12application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/72r8k729https://escholarship.org/content/qt72r8k729/qt72r8k729.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.62139articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 4, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt21m1144q2026-06-15T03:01:59Zqt21m1144qLessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physician Safety and Coverage in Lebanon El Jamal, NadimHajjali, TaghridIsma’eel, HussainAl-Chaer, Elie2023-04-12Similar to other countries, Lebanon experienced the challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic imposed on its healthcare system. Physicians, among other healthcare workers, felt the large toll of the pandemic. The growing number of physicians infected with the coronavirus has uncovered gaps in the policies and laws meant to protect and ensure physician safety. These include gaps in physician coverage for healthcare, disability, and death, in addition to particular vulnerabilities of trainee physicians, along with the absence of specific laws, strategies, and agencies to ensure the safety of the healthcare work environment. This paper highlights these gaps and proposes solutions to address them. COVID-19Disease Outbreaksphysicianssafetyapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/21m1144qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt21m1144q/qt21m1144q.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.62023articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 4, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt39k839w22026-06-15T03:00:52Zqt39k839w2Solutions for the “Vanishing Drug” Conundrum in Lebanon: A Change in the Subsidy System Coupled with a Digital Prescribing Platform El Jamal, NadimUsta, UlfatNasrallah, MonaAl-Chaer, ElieHamadeh, GhassanIsma’eel, Hussain2023-04-12The shortage of foreign currency in Lebanon due to the multiple crises that the country has been facing since October 2019 poses a threat to the importation and availability of pharmaceutical products among other essential commodities. This has been remedied by an importation subsidy system for pharmaceuticals financed by the central bank’s foreign reserves. However, patients have recently experienced shortages of many drugs on pharmacy shelves. In this paper, we describe the pharmaceutical supply chain in Lebanon along with the subsidy system put in place by the central bank. We then propose recommendations to improve this subsidy system and enhance prescribing practices in order to ensure the continuous presence of medications on pharmacy shelves, and that the foreign currency supplied by the central bank is spent to the benefit of the Lebanese patient. crisisEconomicsLebanonPharmaceutical Preparationsapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/39k839w2https://escholarship.org/content/qt39k839w2/qt39k839w2.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.62039articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 4, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0317v85h2026-06-15T02:58:14Zqt0317v85hSaving the Suffering Lebanese Healthcare Sector Immediate Relief while Planning Reforms Isma’eel, HussainEl Jamal, NadimYazbik Dumit, NuhadAl-Chaer, Elie2023-04-12In October 2019, an already strained economy in Lebanon suffered a sapping shock leading to a palpable shortage of US dollars, limitations on foreign currency withdrawals and transfers, substantial devaluation of the Lebanese currency, and massive loss of purchasing power. The economic downfall had a crippling effect on all healthcare sectors including hospitals, healthcare providers, and the pharmaceutical and medical supplies industry. The outbreak of COVID-19 further aggravated the crisis. To address the health care crisis, Lebanon needs a dual tracked plan, with immediate measures to tackle the short-term urgency and a medium/long term effort to address the health sector’s structural issues. In this paper, we present some essential reforms needed in the short-term. The approach focuses on maintaining access to healthcare for all, enhancing primary and urgent care centers, controlling readmission, defined as subsequent admission of a patient within a month for the same health problem, and introducing telemedicine. Immediate measures will be needed to reduce the financials strain on hospitals and as well as the hospitalization costs. In parallel, efforts are needed to support healthcare providers and address the challenges of the pharmaceutical and medical supplies industry. These efforts can include direct and indirect monetary support, along with guiding principles to support the people behind these industries while maintaining the quality of the products and services they are providing. COVID-19EconomicsLebanonTelemedicineapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0317v85hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0317v85h/qt0317v85h.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.62024articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 4, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9620j6bd2026-06-15T02:55:18Zqt9620j6bd Now I am the Master: Transitioning from Learner to TeacherSazama, Alan2023-01-21application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9620j6bdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9620j6bd/qt9620j6bd.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61861articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 4, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1ss9j95f2026-06-15T02:53:37Zqt1ss9j95fAre Emergency Physicians’ Brains Different? Mayer, Andy2023-01-21Emergency physicians are used to not knowing all of the facts. Our professional brain is trained to gather all of the immediately available data which can reasonably be obtained within the time constraints of the emergency department and then decide and act. This timeframe can be seconds or minutes but not usually more than a couple of hours. We do not have the luxury of expansive history gathering, data collection, discussion, and reflection. Every emergency physician has had to come to terms with the stressful reality of having to decide something really important without enough information. We make the decision to admit or discharge and then have to move on to the next patient. Just think for a second about how long you really deliberate on whether or not to admit the 45-year-old guy with chest pain with the normal EKG. You do not have the luxury of time in making decisions and this is the dilemma of the decision-making process which separates different types of physicians. application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ss9j95fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1ss9j95f/qt1ss9j95f.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61855articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 4, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7k75p79g2026-06-15T02:52:37Zqt7k75p79gPitfalls to Avoid while Interpreting Cholinesterase Activity Levels in Cholinesterase Inhibitor Pesticides PoisoningChefirat, BilelRezk-kallah, HacibaBeldjilali, SlimaneZergui, Anissa2019-01-01The cholinesterase activity (AcCh) assay finds an important place in the diagnosis of acute poisoning by cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides, allowing the indication and the efficacy evaluation of antidote treatment with atropine and oximes. AcCh is also a biomarker of effect in occupational exposure to cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides. However, some factors may disrupt AcCh levels and distort the interpretation of the assay results. Hence, the present review aimed to summarize the factors and the variations that may have an impact on the interpretation of AcCh. Indeed, butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase are subject to wide physiological individual variations, such as to age, weight and height. Genetic and pathological state may also be factors influencing AcCh levels. The consumption of drugs and daily exposure to some toxicants may also disrupt the AcCh levels, either by direct action on the enzyme or by disrupting its synthesis. In addition, analytical variations and interferences are to be considered while interpreting the results. These variations could induce an underestimation or an overestimation of the cholinesterase activity levels and could lead to diagnostic errors. To conclude, the dosage of cholinesterase activity constitutes an important biomarker of effect in clinical and occupational toxicology. Its interpretation has to be done delicately, taking into consideration all the factors and variations that may influence it.cholinesterase activitybutyrylcholinesteraseacetylcholinesterasecholinesterase inhibitorsphysiological variationspathological variationsapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7k75p79ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7k75p79g/qt7k75p79g.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61832articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 4, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8st916bq2026-06-15T02:50:58Zqt8st916bqThe Challenge Of Unilateral Leg Swelling In The Emergency Departmentvalle alonso, joaquinNoblia, LeandroConesa, Juan JoseCruzado, Jesus2022-01-01Unilateral calf swelling can pose a diagnostic challenge in the Emergency Department. There are several differential diagnoses for this presentation, and the management of one may be a contraindication for another. Point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) can be used to identify the aetiology and guide management with confidence. We present a case of an elderly patient with unilateral leg swelling in which DVT was initially suspected. However, POCUS demonstrated a ruptured Baker's cyst with associated calf haematoma. The use of POCUS by emergency physicians can avoid the consequences of unnecessary or harmful treatment and missed diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease.POCUSDVTanticoagulationapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8st916bqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8st916bq/qt8st916bq.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61817articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt624205v32026-06-15T02:48:04Zqt624205v3Bilateral Post Traumatic Avulsion of Patellar Apexes: A Case ReportZakhia-Douaihy, GhassanNaja, Ahmad SalaheddineIssa, MohamadAl Ramlawi, AkramRizk, Jean Paul2022-01-01Patellar tendon rupture and patellar apex rupture are established complications in patients with end stage kidney disease, however, little to no literature describes bilateral patellar avulsion. This is a case presentation of bilateral knee avulsion due to bilateral patellar tendon rupture at the level of the apexes in a patient with end stage kidney disease on dialysis. A 52 year old female presented to the emergency department for low energy traumatic event. On physical exam patient had bilateral patella alta with limited range of motion. On imaging, bilateral knee MRI was diagnostic of bilateral avulsion of patellar apexes. In light of the clinical and radiological findings, patient was admitted for surgical repair, in which a free tendon graft was placed. Post operation radiography showed good patellar placement and fixation. Upon discharge, patient was allowed partial weight bearing for the first 6 weeks, followed by full weight bearing. 1 year post surgery, patient was pain free and able to ambulate comfortably. We conclude that, patellar apex avulsion should be suspected in patients with renal dysfunction presenting for unilateral or bilateral chronic knee pain even if no severe mechanism of injury was present.Patellar Apexesrenal dysfunctionbilateralapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/624205v3https://escholarship.org/content/qt624205v3/qt624205v3.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61831articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt35v4n9m62026-06-15T02:46:14Zqt35v4n9m6Assessment of Automated External Defibrillators and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training in Lebanese SchoolsGhandour, LaraAl Akoum, NourhaneEl-Outa, AbbassEl Sayed, MazenMufarrij, Afif2022-01-01Introduction:
Sudden cardiac arrest accounts for 5% to 10% of deaths among children. Survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest depends on quick recognition, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. In Lebanon, the survival rate of children following such arrests is low (16.7%). Consequently, this study assesses availability of automated external defibrillators (AED) and CPR/AED training in Lebanese schools.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional phone-based survey study conducted using a randomized sample of 175 private, private-free and public schools - representative of all of the country regions.
Results:
Among surveyed schools, 99 responded with a complete participation (56.6% response rate). Most surveyed schools were public. 28% had at least one individual who underwent CPR or/and AED training, and only 2 schools had an AED. 4 schools reported a history of SCA, 3 of them were confirmed dead, and those 4 schools did not have an AED. The main perceived barriers for not having an AED included lack of recommendations and regulations implementing such programs at schools (24.7%), no previous cardiac arrest cases at the school (22.7%) and absence of support from authorities (21.6%). Moreover, 86.9% of participant schools were interested in CPR/AED training and 89% found it essential.
Conclusion:
The results of the study suggest that Lebanese schools are affected by the lack of sufficient legislations and requirements for SCA. This calls for promotion of basic life support training, as well as large-scale evaluation for emergency preparedness.Emergency preparedness planpediatric emergencyresuscitationsudden cardiac arrestapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/35v4n9m6https://escholarship.org/content/qt35v4n9m6/qt35v4n9m6.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61833articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt55t2455p2026-06-15T02:43:30Zqt55t2455pThe Efficacy of Table Top Simulation as a Didactic Adjunct for an Undergraduate Emergency Medicine Clerkship Curriculum: A Prospective Cross-Over StudyOffenbacher, JosephPetti, AlexanderXu, HanChertoff, AndrewJones, MichaelRestivo, AndrewFriedman, BenjaminSilvernberg, Joshua2022-01-01Introduction: Simulation is used by many medical specialties, throughout the world, as an effective educational adjunct to clinical learning experiences. There is limited prospective research to support the use of table-top, low fidelity, simulation experiences as a suitable replacement for traditional lecture-based modalities in the context of undergraduate emergency medical education. We designed, implemented and evaluated sections of a table-top simulation-based curriculum for fourth year medical students participating in the department’s advanced emergency medicine clerkship. Methods: A prospective, randomized, cross over study comparing lecture-based learning activities to an experimental table-top simulation exercises based on a primary outcome objective, considering the quantitative acquisition of clinical knowledge, and a secondary outcome looking at the results of survey data, considering student perspectives on learning experience. Four student cohorts participated in the study, each spending one month in the department’s advanced emergency medicine medical student elective.Results: Medical knowledge learning outcomes did not show a significant improvement in the experimental modality when compared to the traditional format. Likert scale survey data showed, with statistical significance (P<.05), that students preferred the simulation modality over the traditional lectures finding it to be more interactive, and a more effective format for teaching medical knowledge and applicable clinical information. Conclusion: Findings showed, with statistical significance, that students preferred this learning modality but that more research would be needed to further evaluate our findings of improved learning outcomes. Further research should be pursued to characterize this modality’s benefit, as compared to traditional small group lecture and high-fidelity simulation modalities, in order to evaluate its possible effectiveness for furthering the development of undergraduate emergency medicine education in the future.Medical EducationSimulationEmergency Medicine ClerkshipEmergency Medicineapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/55t2455phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt55t2455p/qt55t2455p.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61806articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rv0m5652026-06-15T02:39:33Zqt5rv0m565A Positive Outcome Post Alteplase, ECMO and Emergent Surgery in a Case of Massive Pulmonary Embolism Cardiac Arrest Complicated by Intra-Abdominal BleedingTabbara, FaysalCheaito, RolaCheaito, Mohamad AliEl Zakhem, AlineEl Majzoub, Imad2022-07-08Acute pulmonary embolism is stratified into three groups: low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk. Highrisk PE, also known as massive pulmonary embolism (MPE), is defined as an acute PE with sustained hypotension, pulselessness, and persistent bradycardia. Herein, we present a case of a 44-year-old female presenting to the emergency department with shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and central cyanosis. She was found to have MPE and arrested twice during which she received alteplase and Advanced Cardiac Life Support. In the ICU, she arrested for the third time, was resuscitated, and a decision to initiate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation deemed reasonable. The patient deteriorated and was rushed to the operating room after detecting major intra-abdominal bleeding on FAST exam. Hepatic injury was suspected and liver packing was initiated. Patient was safely discharged home neurologically intact after a prolonged hospital stay.BleedingECMOMassive Pulmonary EmbolismresuscitationThrombolytic therapyapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rv0m565https://escholarship.org/content/qt5rv0m565/qt5rv0m565.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61799articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8zx081h02026-06-15T02:38:02Zqt8zx081h0Emergency Department Pediatric Unscheduled Return Visits: Why do patients return and does it matter?Kaddoura, RimaSawaya, RashaObermeyer, ZiadHitti, Eveline2022-01-01Introduction:
Unscheduled return visits are an important quality indicator in the emergency department. We aim to compare clinical characteristics and ED resource usage of pediatric high risk unscheduled return visits (HRURVs) between the index and return visit and explore root cause of HRURVs.
Methods:
A retrospective chart-review study conducted between November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2015. All patients who returned to the ED within 72 hours of discharge and were admitted or died on re-presentation were considered.
Results:
The incidence rate of HRURV in our study was 0.96% (95%, CI:0.81-1.13%). We found that significantly more patients were febrile on index visit than on the return visit. In contrast, HRURV patients had significantly more imaging, labs, IV fluids, ED consults and procedures on return visit. Also, the return visit length of stay (LOS) was significantly higher than on index visit (2.76±1.82 Vs. 5.88±0.44). Upon revisit, 2.2% of patients required ICU admission and 7.9% required surgery. The most common discharge diagnosis were digestive system disorders (29.5%) and infectious/parasitic diseases (27.3%). Only infectious/parasitic disease showed a high number of changes in diagnosis from first to second visit. The majority (73.4%) of HRURVs were classified as being “illness-related”. Digestive disorders accounted for the largest portion of “physician related” reasons for revisit (41%).
Conclusion:
HRURV patients require more resources on return visits and have longer ED stays than the index visit. While the majority of re-visits do not lead to a change in diagnosis and are primarily related to progression of disease, specific attention should be paid to digestive disorders where physician related causes were high and which account for 18% of surgeries on return visit.application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zx081h0https://escholarship.org/content/qt8zx081h0/qt8zx081h0.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61812articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0d19n69t2026-06-15T02:36:38Zqt0d19n69tIs There Value in Screening Asymptomatic Patients with No Risk Factors for COVID-19 in the Emergency Department?Sawaya, RashaMajzoub, ImadEl Kebbi, OlaAssaad, AmaniBouassi, JosephSaab, AedCheaito, RolaNassereddine, HashemSiblini, ReemTamim, HaniEl Sayed, MazenKanj, Souha2022-01-03Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, screening asymptomatic admitted patients for COVID-19 became routine in order to minimize the potential risk of these individuals as silent but infectious hosts in the propagation of this pandemic. However, testing is costly and the value of this indiscriminate testing was not studied. Hence, our study aimed to determine the rates of positive COVID-19 PCR results in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with no suspicion for a COVID-19 infection at different times during the pandemic.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of asymptomatic patients presenting to the ED with no COVID infection risk factors, in an urban, tertiary care hospital in Lebanon, from March 2020 to January 2021, representing periods with different national incidence rates of COVID-19. We included patients of all ages, from the last 15 days of each month, who were tested for COVID-19 by PCR in the ED and who fulfilled the following “screening group” criteria: no travel within the last 14 days; no known COVID-19 exposure within the last 14 days; and no symptoms or physical exam findings that could be associated with a COVID-19 infection. We collected data on age, and PCR result.
Results: We identified 3,853 patients who underwent COVID-19 PCR test during the above time intervals in our ED. The rate of test positivity in the community during this study period ranged from 1.1% to 21.8%. Out of the 743 (19.3%) patients that fit our inclusion criteria, none had a positive COVID-19 test.
Conclusion: Even during high countrywide incidence rates of COVID-19, all patients in the screening group had a negative PCR. Algorithms identifying this group can be used to minimize a costly test, to avoid delaying inpatient care or surgeries and to reduce patient’s length of stay in already overwhelmed EDs.Emergency DepartmentCOVID-19Screeningapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d19n69thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0d19n69t/qt0d19n69t.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61821articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6bb731gw2026-06-15T02:33:54Zqt6bb731gwCan PANDAS Swear? A Curious Case of Coprolalia in a 15 Year Old Girl presenting to the Emergency DepartmentEl Tawil, ChadyRichard, AndreKassir, GhidaBank, Ilana2023-01-01Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Streptococcal infections, or PANDAS, is a diagnosis of children with an acute and fast onset of obsessions, compulsions or tics succeeding a Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Coprolalia is a form of tics where the patient involuntarily says obscene and inappropriate words. We report a case of a 15-year old girl with a history of suspected PANDAS presenting to the emergency department with recurrent coprolalia without signs of a streptococcus infection. PANDAS and other neuropsychiatric syndromes can have different acute presentations. The ED physicians should be familiar with such disorders and presentations.PANDASpediatric emergencyNeuropsychiatric diordersapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bb731gwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6bb731gw/qt6bb731gw.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61809articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5r87m7zw2026-06-15T02:31:32Zqt5r87m7zwCOVID-19 & the Pied Piper Effect on Pediatric Emergency Department Attendances - A Single-Center Study Based in the UAE.Al-Kaisy, Maythem AbdulhassanAbraham, SnehaAl-Shaibani, Noura IshaqJaiganesh, Thiagarajan2023-01-01Introduction:
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) is an ongoing pandemic that brought significant changes in the healthcare sector, including healthcare-seeking behaviours, population movement, and daily activities. The COVID 19 has significantly affected the influx of paediatric patients attending the emergency department at a tertiary hospital level. This paper aims to measure and study the magnitude and reasons behind the reducing number of children attendances. COVID-19 compares with the disappearing number of children attending PED's to Pied Piper of Hamelin, attracting kids away from their homes as in our old bedtime stories.
Methods:
Our paper is a single-centre, retrospective, observational study in the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) and data obtained from Electronic Medical Records and ED Dashboard. We included all paediatric patients who registered in our PED during April, May, and June over three years (2018, 2019, and 2020), including their level of triage and rate of admissions.
Results:
The total attendance and the number of admissions dropped dramatically in 2020 compared to the same period in 2018 and 2019. The number of attendances dropped from 10880 in 2018 and 11889 in 2019 to only 4621 in 2020. However, the percentages of category 1 and 2 patients increased in 2020 compared to the previous years.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the pandemic dramatically affected the PED visits by decreasing the number of patient attendances. In addition, it also reduced the access to several children in need of essential emergency department services.COVID-19Paediatric EDEmergency Severity Indexapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r87m7zwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5r87m7zw/qt5r87m7zw.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61811articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 3, iss 1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2w15h2dd2026-06-15T02:29:42Zqt2w15h2ddBrown Recluse Spider in the Mediterranean Region: A Review of the LiteratureAl Karaki, VictoriaEl Zahran, Tharwat2021-01-01Spiders are eight-legged arthropods that belong tothe arachnids class and are found on every continentexcept Antarctica.1 As of 2020, there are over 48000recognized species of spiders with more than 5000in the Mediterranean area. Out of these, only twospiders, the Latrodectus tredecimguttatus and theLoxosceles rufescens are of medical significance in theMediterranean area.1 Although most spider bites arebenign; however, severe reactions and life-threateningenvenomation do occur.Brown recluse spiderSpidertoxicologyapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w15h2ddhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2w15h2dd/qt2w15h2dd.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61834articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 2, iss 4oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2f9880hj2026-06-15T02:26:11Zqt2f9880hjAchenbach Syndrome: Minor Traumatic Injury as a Possible EtiologyNaamani, DanaMufarrij, Afif2021-01-01Achenbach syndrome is a rare cause of acute bluish discoloration and swelling of one or more digits, of unknown etiology. The condition is self-limited and benign but is worrisome for both patients and healthcare providers due to its emulation of peripheral ischemia. Familiarity with the clinical features of Achenbach syndrome allows for rapid diagnosis and mitigation of costs and anxiety associated with unnecessary testing and referrals. We report a case of Achenbach syndrome associated with a puncture wound, which supports a traumatic etiology for this condition.blue fingerhematomaperipheral vascular diseasevascularapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2f9880hjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2f9880hj/qt2f9880hj.pdfinfo:doi/10.52544/J5.61804articleMediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, vol 2, iss 3oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt17j9r8qg2026-06-14T21:48:18Zqt17j9r8qgUnderstanding the I/O Performance Gap Between Cori KNL and HaswellLiu, JKoziolTang, HTessier, FBhimjiCook, BByna, SAustin, BThakur, BlockwoodDeslippeprabhat2017-05-07The Cori system at NERSC has two compute
partitions with different CPU architectures: a 2,004 node
Haswell partition and a 9,688 node KNL partition, which
ranked as the 5th most powerful and fastest supercomputer
on the November 2016 Top 500 list. The compute partitions
share a common storage configuration, and understanding the
IO performance gap between them is important, impacting
not only to NERSC/LBNL users and other national labs, but
also to the relevant hardware vendors and software developers.
In this paper, we have analyzed performance of single core
and single node IO comprehensively on the Haswell and KNL
partitions, and have discovered the major bottlenecks, which
include CPU frequencies and memory copy performance. We
have also extended our performance tests to multi-node IO
and revealed the IO cost difference caused by network latency,
buffer size, and communication cost. Overall, we have developed
a strong understanding of the IO gap between Haswell and KNL
nodes and the lessons learned from this exploration will guide
us in designing optimal IO solutions in many-core era.I/O performancepubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/17j9r8qgarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9tn726tq2026-06-14T21:38:06Zqt9tn726tqDetection of atmospheric rivers with inline uncertainty quantification: TECA-BARD v1.0.1O'Brien, Travis ARisser, Mark DLoring, BurlenElbashandy, Abdelrahman AKrishnan, HarinarayanJohnson, JeffreyPatricola, Christina MO'Brien, John PMahesh, AnkurPrabhatRamirez, Sarahí ArriagaRhoades, Alan MCharn, AlexanderDíaz, Héctor IndaCollins, William D2020-01-01Abstract. It has become increasingly common for researchers to utilize methods that identify weather features in climate models. There is an increasing recognition that the uncertainty associated with choice of detection method may affect our scientific understanding. For example, results from the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) indicate that there are a broad range of plausible atmospheric river (AR) detectors and that scientific results can depend on the algorithm used. There are similar examples from the literature on extratropical cyclones and tropical cyclones. It is therefore imperative to develop detection techniques that explicitly quantify the uncertainty associated with the detection of events. We seek to answer the following question: given a “plausible” AR detector, how does uncertainty in the detector quantitatively impact scientific results? We develop a large dataset of global AR counts, manually identified by a set of eight researchers with expertise in atmospheric science, which we use to constrain parameters in a novel AR detection method. We use a Bayesian framework to sample from the set of AR detector parameters that yield AR counts similar to the expert database of AR counts; this yields a set of “plausible” AR detectors from which we can assess quantitative uncertainty. This probabilistic AR detector has been implemented in the Toolkit for Extreme Climate Analysis (TECA), which allows for efficient processing of petabyte-scale datasets. We apply the TECA Bayesian AR Detector, TECA-BARD v1.0.1, to the MERRA-2 reanalysis and show that the sign of the correlation between global AR count and El Niño–Southern Oscillation depends on the set of parameters used.37 Earth Sciences (for-2020)3701 Atmospheric Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)13 Climate Action (sdg)04 Earth Sciences (for)37 Earth sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tn726tqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9tn726tq/qt9tn726tq.pdfinfo:doi/10.5194/gmd-13-6131-2020articleGeoscientific Model Development, vol 13, iss 126131 - 6148oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6599t42c2026-06-14T21:34:25Zqt6599t42cTECA: Petascale Pattern Recognition for Climate SciencePrabhatByna, SurendraVishwanath, VenkatramDart, EliWehner, MichaelCollins, William DAzzopardi, GeorgePetkov, Nicolai2015-01-01Climate Change is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Climate simulations provide us with a unique opportunity to examine effects of anthropogenic emissions. High-resolution climate simulations produce “Big Data”: contemporary climate archives are $$\approx 5PB$$ in size and we expect future archives to measure on the order of Exa-Bytes. In this work, we present the successful application of TECA (Toolkit for Extreme Climate Analysis) framework, for extracting extreme weather patterns such as Tropical Cyclones, Atmospheric Rivers and Extra-Tropical Cyclones from TB-sized simulation datasets. TECA has been run at full-scale on Cray XE6 and IBM BG/Q systems, and has reduced the runtime for pattern detection tasks from years to hours. TECA has been utilized to evaluate the performance of various computational models in reproducing the statistics of extreme weather events, and for characterizing the change in frequency of storm systems in the future.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions (rcdc)Climate Change (rcdc)13 Climate Action (sdg)Pattern detectionClimate scienceHigh performance computingParallel I/OData miningPetascaleArtificial Intelligence & Image Processing (science-metrix)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6599t42chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6599t42c/qt6599t42c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/978-3-319-23117-4_37articleLecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 9257426 - 436oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3hb4w7682026-06-14T20:36:04Zqt3hb4w768Measurement of longitudinal flow decorrelations in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 and 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-02-01Measurements of longitudinal flow correlations are presented for charged particles in the pseudorapidity range |η|<2.4$$|\eta |<2.4$$ using 7 and 470 μb-1$$\upmu \hbox {b}^{-1}$$ of Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76$$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}}=2.76$$ and 5.02 TeV, respectively, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. It is found that the correlation between the harmonic flow coefficients vn$$v_n$$ measured in two separated η$$\eta $$ intervals does not factorise into the product of single-particle coefficients, and this breaking of factorisation, or flow decorrelation, increases linearly with the η$$\eta $$ separation between the intervals. The flow decorrelation is stronger at 2.76 TeV than at 5.02 TeV. Higher-order moments of the correlations are also measured, and the corresponding linear coefficients for the kth$$k{\text {th}}$$-moment of the vn$$v_n$$ are found to be proportional to k for v3$$v_3$$, but not for v2$$v_2$$. The decorrelation effect is separated into contributions from the magnitude of vn$$v_n$$ and the event-plane orientation, each as a function of η$$\eta $$. These two contributions are found to be comparable. The longitudinal flow correlations are also measured between vn$$v_n$$ of different order in n. The decorrelations of v2$$v_2$$ and v3$$v_3$$ are found to be independent of each other, while the decorrelations of v4$$v_4$$ and v5$$v_5$$ are found to be driven by the nonlinear contribution from v22$$v_2^2$$ and v2v3$$v_2v_3$$, respectively.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationnucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hb4w768https://escholarship.org/content/qt3hb4w768/qt3hb4w768.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5605-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 78, iss 2142oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt79f5x4p52026-06-14T20:35:54Zqt79f5x4p5Strange hadron production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-09-01We present STAR measurements of strange hadron (KS0, Λ, Λ¯, Ξ−, Ξ¯+, Ω−, Ω¯+, and ϕ) production at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 7.7–39 GeV from the Beam Energy Scan Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Transverse-momentum spectra, averaged transverse mass, and the overall integrated yields of these strange hadrons are presented versus the centrality and collision energy. Antibaryon-to-baryon ratios (Λ¯/Λ, Ξ¯+/Ξ−, Ω¯+/Ω−) are presented as well and used to test a thermal statistical model and to extract the temperature normalized strangeness and baryon chemical potentials at hadronic freeze-out (μB/Tch and μS/Tch) in central collisions. Strange baryon-to-pion ratios are compared to various model predictions in central collisions for all energies. The nuclear modification factors (RCP) and antibaryon-to-meson ratios as a function of transverse momentum are presented for all collision energies. The KS0 RCP shows no suppression for pT up to 3.5 GeV/c at energies of 7.7 and 11.5 GeV. The Λ¯/KS0 ratio also shows baryon-to-meson enhancement at intermediate pT (≈2.5 GeV/c) in central collisions at energies above 19.6 GeV. Both observations suggest that there is likely a change of the underlying strange quark dynamics at collision energies below 19.6 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/79f5x4p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt79f5x4p5/qt79f5x4p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.034909articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 3034909oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8hc0967w2026-06-14T20:35:12Zqt8hc0967wSearch for pair and single production of vectorlike quarks in final states with at least one Z boson decaying into a pair of electrons or muons in pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at s=13 TeVAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, O2018-12-01A search for vectorlike quarks is presented, which targets their decay into a Z boson and a third-generation Standard Model quark. In the case of a vectorlike quark T (B) with charge +2/3e (-1/3e), the decay searched for is T→Zt (B→Zb). Data for this analysis were taken during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=13 TeV. The final state used is characterized by the presence of b-tagged jets, as well as a Z boson with high transverse momentum, which is reconstructed from a pair of opposite-sign same-flavor leptons. Pair and single production of vectorlike quarks are both taken into account and are each searched for using optimized dileptonic exclusive and trileptonic inclusive event selections. In these selections, the high scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, the presence of high-transverse-momentum large-radius jets, as well as—in the case of the single-production selections—the presence of forward jets are used. No significant excess over the background-only hypothesis is found and exclusion limits at 95% confidence level allow masses of vectorlike quarks of mT>1030 GeV (mT>1210 GeV) and mB>1010 GeV (mB>1140 GeV) in the singlet (doublet) model. In the case of 100% branching ratio for T→Zt (B→Zb), the limits are mT>1340 GeV (mB>1220 GeV). Limits at 95% confidence level are also set on the coupling to Standard Model quarks for given vectorlike quark masses.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hc0967winfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.112010articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 11112010oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt67m7r7vn2026-06-14T20:34:53Zqt67m7r7vnPetawatt Laser Guiding and Electron Beam Acceleration to 8 GeV in a Laser-Heated Capillary Discharge WaveguideGonsalves, AJNakamura, KDaniels, JBenedetti, CPieronek, Cde Raadt, TCHSteinke, SBin, JHBulanov, SSvan Tilborg, JGeddes, CGRSchroeder, CBTóth, CsEsarey, ESwanson, KFan-Chiang, LBagdasarov, GBobrova, NGasilov, VKorn, GSasorov, PLeemans, WP2019-03-01Guiding of relativistically intense laser pulses with peak power of 0.85 PW over 15 diffraction lengths was demonstrated by increasing the focusing strength of a capillary discharge waveguide using laser inverse bremsstrahlung heating. This allowed for the production of electron beams with quasimonoenergetic peaks up to 7.8 GeV, double the energy that was previously demonstrated. Charge was 5 pC at 7.8 GeV and up to 62 pC in 6 GeV peaks, and typical beam divergence was 0.2 mrad.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/67m7r7vninfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.122.084801articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 122, iss 8084801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3g3764pd2026-06-14T20:32:44Zqt3g3764pdSearch for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into bb¯ produced in association with top quarks decaying hadronically in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, O2016-05-01A search for Higgs boson production in association with a pair of top quarks (tt¯ H) is performed, where the Higgs boson decays to bb¯, and both top quarks decay hadronically. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search selects events with at least six energetic jets and uses a boosted decision tree algorithm to discriminate between signal and Standard Model background. The dominant multijet background is estimated using a dedicated data-driven technique. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an upper limit of 6.4 (5.4) times the Standard Model cross section is observed (expected) at 95% confidence level. The best-fit value for the signal strength is μ = 1.6 ± 2.6 times the Standard Model expectation for mH = 125 GeV. Combining all tt¯ H searches carried out by ATLAS at √s = 8 and 7 TeV, an observed (expected) upper limit of 3.1 (1.4) times the Standard Model expectation is obtained at 95% confidence level, with a signal strength μ = 1.7 ± 0.8.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g3764pdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3g3764pd/qt3g3764pd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep05(2016)160articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2016, iss 5160oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2pw809wt2026-06-14T20:32:25Zqt2pw809wtSuicide risk and prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype C versus B in Southern Brazilde Almeida, Sergio MonteiroBarbosa, Francisco JaimeKamat, Rujvide Pereira, Ana PaulaRaboni, Sonia MaraRotta, IndianaraRibeiro, Clea ElisaCherner, MarianaEllis, Ronald JAtkinson, Joseph HamptonHNRC Group2016-12-01Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders associated with HIV infection; however, its risks and neurobiologic correlates in diverse cultures are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the frequency of MDD among HIV+ participants in southern Brazil. We hypothesized that the frequency and severity of MDD would be higher among individuals with HIV+ compared with HIV− and higher in HIV subtype B compared with C. Individuals with HIV (n = 39) as well as seronegative controls (n = 22) were enrolled in a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study. Current and lifetime history of MDD was diagnosed by MINI-Plus; symptom severity was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Current and past episodes of MDD were significantly more frequent in the HIV+ versus HIV− group: current MDD, 15 (38.5 %) vs. 0 (0 %), p = 0.0004; past MDD, 24 (61.5 %) vs. 3 (13.6 %), p = 0.0004. The median BDI-II score in the HIV+ group was significantly higher than that in the HIV− (13 (8–27.5) vs. 2.5 (1–5.5); p < 0.0001). Current suicide risk, defined as during the last month, was found in 18 % of participants in the HIV-positive and none in the HIV-negative group. Neither current MDD frequency (8 (57.1 %) vs. 6 (40 %), p = 0.47) nor BDI-II score differed across subtypes B and C. HIV+ group may be more likely to experience current MDD than HIV−. This was the first study to compare the frequency and severity of MDD in HIV subtypes B and C; we found no difference between HIV subtypes B and C.3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Clinical Research (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Depression (rcdc)Serious Mental Illness (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Major Depressive Disorder (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Mental Illness (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Infection (hrcs-hc)Mental health (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Brazil (mesh)Case-Control Studies (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Major Depressive Disorder (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV-1 (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Molecular Typing (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Suicide (mesh)MDDHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)HIV-1HIV-1 subtype BHIV-1 subtype CEfavirenzHNRC GroupHumans (mesh)HIV-1 (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Case-Control Studies (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Suicide (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Brazil (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Molecular Typing (mesh)Major Depressive Disorder (mesh)EfavirenzHIV-1HIV-1 subtype BHIV-1 subtype CHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)MDDAdult (mesh)Brazil (mesh)Case-Control Studies (mesh)Cross-Sectional Studies (mesh)Major Depressive Disorder (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)HIV-1 (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Molecular Typing (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Severity of Illness Index (mesh)Suicide (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1108 Medical Microbiology (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)Virology (science-metrix)3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020)3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pw809wthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2pw809wt/qt2pw809wt.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s13365-016-0454-3articleJournal of NeuroVirology, vol 22, iss 6789 - 798oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8nz4f3v32026-06-14T20:32:20Zqt8nz4f3v3Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum at s =13 TeVwith the ATLAS detectorAtlas CollaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2016-07-01A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing hadronic jets, missing transverse momentum but no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2015 by the ATLAS experiment in s=13TeV$$\sqrt{s}=13~{\mathrm{TeV}}$$ proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 3.2 fb-1$$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$$ of analyzed data. Results are interpreted within simplified models that assume R-parity is conserved and the neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95 % confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1.51 TeV$${\mathrm{TeV}}$$ for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino octet and the lightest neutralino, assuming the lightest neutralino is massless. For a simplified model involving the strong production of mass-degenerate first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 1.03 TeV$${\mathrm{TeV}}$$ are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino. These limits substantially extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements with the ATLAS detector.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Atlas CollaborationAtlas CollaborationAtlas Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nz4f3v3https://escholarship.org/content/qt8nz4f3v3/qt8nz4f3v3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4184-8articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 7392oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jr2t6jm2026-06-14T20:31:58Zqt3jr2t6jmSearch for heavy long-lived charged R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at s=13 TeVCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2016-09-01A search for heavy long-lived charged R-hadrons is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The search is based on observables related to large ionisation losses and slow propagation velocities, which are signatures of heavy charged particles travelling significantly slower than the speed of light. No significant deviations from the expected background are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are provided on the production cross section of long-lived R-hadrons in the mass range from 600 GeV to 2000 GeV and gluino, bottom and top squark masses are excluded up to 1580 GeV, 805 GeV and 890 GeV, respectively.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jr2t6jmhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3jr2t6jm/qt3jr2t6jm.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.07.042articlePhysics Letters B, vol 760647 - 665oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3ss0r4sk2026-06-14T20:16:16Zqt3ss0r4skMeasurement of three-jet production cross-sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detectorATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2015-05-01Double-differential three-jet production cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. The measurements are presented as a function of the three-jet mass [Formula: see text], in bins of the sum of the absolute rapidity separations between the three leading jets [Formula: see text]. Invariant masses extending up to 5 TeV are reached for [Formula: see text]. These measurements use a sample of data recorded using the ATLAS detector in 2011, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text]. Jets are identified using the anti-[Formula: see text] algorithm with two different jet radius parameters, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The dominant uncertainty in these measurements comes from the jet energy scale. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations corrected to account for non-perturbative effects are compared to the measurements. Good agreement is found between the data and the theoretical predictions based on most of the available sets of parton distribution functions, over the full kinematic range, covering almost seven orders of magnitude in the measured cross-section values.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ss0r4skhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3ss0r4sk/qt3ss0r4sk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3363-3articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 5228oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6mw722fd2026-06-14T20:16:05Zqt6mw722fdSearch for neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-11-01A search for the neutral Higgs bosons predicted by the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is performed on data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The samples used for this search were collected in 2012 and correspond to integrated luminosities in the range 19.5-20.3 fb−1. The MSSM Higgs bosons are searched for in the τ τ final state. No significant excess over the expected background is observed, and exclusion limits are derived for the production cross section times branching fraction of a scalar particle as a function of its mass. The results are also interpreted in the MSSM parameter space for various benchmark scenarios.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron Scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mw722fdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6mw722fd/qt6mw722fd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep11(2014)056articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2014, iss 1156oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6f3183h72026-06-14T20:15:43Zqt6f3183h7Measurement of pion, kaon and proton production in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeVAdam, JAdamová, DAggarwal, MMRinella, G AglieriAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmed, IAhn, SUAimo, IAiola, SAjaz, MAkindinov, AAlam, SNAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlexandre, DMolina, R AlfaroAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltinpinar, SAltsybeev, IPrado, C Alves GarciaAndrei, CAndronic, AAnguelov, VAnielski, JAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArmesto, NArnaldi, RAronsson, TArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBach, MBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MPedrosa, F Baltasar Dos SantosBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBartke, JBartsch, EBasile, MBastid, NBasu, SBathen, BBatigne, GCamejo, A BatistaBatyunya, BBatzing, PCBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FMartinez, H BelloBellwied, RBelmont, RBelmont-Moreno, EBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBerceanu, IBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhasin, ABhat, IRBhati, AKBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, LBianchi, NBianchin, CBielčík, JBielčíková, J2015-05-01The measurement of primary π±$$\pi ^{\pm }$$, K±$$K^{\pm }$$, p$$p$$ and p¯$${\overline{{p}}}$$ production at mid-rapidity (|y|<$$|y| <$$ 0.5) in proton–proton collisions at s$$\sqrt{s}$$=$$=$$ 7 TeV performed with a large ion collider experiment at the large hadron collider (LHC) is reported. Particle identification is performed using the specific ionisation energy-loss and time-of-flight information, the ring-imaging Cherenkov technique and the kink-topology identification of weak decays of charged kaons. Transverse momentum spectra are measured from 0.1 up to 3 GeV/c$$c$$ for pions, from 0.2 up to 6 GeV/c$$c$$ for kaons and from 0.3 up to 6 GeV/c$$c$$ for protons. The measured spectra and particle ratios are compared with quantum chromodynamics-inspired models, tuned to reproduce also the earlier measurements performed at the LHC. Furthermore, the integrated particle yields and ratios as well as the average transverse momenta are compared with results at lower collision energies.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ALICE Collaboration0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f3183h7https://escholarship.org/content/qt6f3183h7/qt6f3183h7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3422-9articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 5226oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3st9m8k82026-06-14T20:15:14Zqt3st9m8k8Measurement of the top pair production cross section in 8 TeV proton-proton collisions using kinematic information in the lepton+jets final state with ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2015-06-01A measurement is presented of the tt¯ inclusive production cross section in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement was performed in the lepton+jets final state using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. The cross section was obtained using a likelihood discriminant fit and b-jet identification was used to improve the signal-to-background ratio. The inclusive tt¯ production cross section was measured to be 260±1(stat)−23+22(stat)±8(lumi)±4(beam) pb assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV, in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of 253−15+13 pb. The tt¯→(e,μ)+jets production cross section in the fiducial region determined by the detector acceptance is also reported.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3st9m8k8https://escholarship.org/content/qt3st9m8k8/qt3st9m8k8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.91.112013articlePhysical Review D, vol 91, iss 11112013oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9fr5z9tz2026-06-14T20:12:30Zqt9fr5z9tzErratum to: Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV using 4.5 fb−1 of data with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2015-09-01It was found that the non-perturbative corrections calculated using Pythia with the Perugia 2011 tune did not include the effect of the underlying event. The affected correction factors were recomputed using the Pythia 6.427 generator. These corrections are applied as baseline to the NLO pQCD calculations and thus the central values of the theoretical predictions have changed by a few percent with the new corrections. This has a minor impact on the agreement between the data and the theoretical predictions. Figures 2 and 6 to 13, and all the tables have been updated with the new values. A few sentences in the discussion in sections 5.2 and 9 were altered or removed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fr5z9tzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9fr5z9tz/qt9fr5z9tz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep09(2015)141articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 9141oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt33m6k9hk2026-06-14T20:11:48Zqt33m6k9hkResonant X-ray emission spectroscopy from broadband stochastic pulses at an X-ray free electron laser.Fuller, Franklin DLoukianov, AntonTakanashi, TsukasaYou, DaehyunLi, YiwenUeda, KiyoshiFransson, ThomasYabashi, MakinaKatayama, TetsuoWeng, Tsu-ChienAlonso-Mori, RobertoBergmann, UweJan KernYachandra, Vittal KWernet, PhilippeYano, Junko2021-01-01Hard X-ray spectroscopy is an element specific probe of electronic state, but signals are weak and require intense light to study low concentration samples. Free electron laser facilities offer the highest intensity X-rays of any available light source. The light produced at such facilities is stochastic, with spikey, broadband spectra that change drastically from shot to shot. Here, using aqueous ferrocyanide, we show that the resonant X-ray emission (RXES) spectrum can be inferred by correlating for each shot the fluorescence intensity from the sample with spectra of the fluctuating, self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) source. We obtain resolved narrow and chemically rich information in core-to-valence transitions of the pre-edge region at the Fe K-edge. Our approach avoids monochromatization, provides higher photon flux to the sample, and allows non-resonant signals like elastic scattering to be simultaneously recorded. The spectra obtained match well with spectra measured using a monochromator. We also show that inaccurate measurements of the stochastic light spectra reduce the measurement efficiency of our approach.34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)34 Chemical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)34 Chemical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/33m6k9hkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt33m6k9hk/qt33m6k9hk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s42004-021-00512-3articleCommunications Chemistry, vol 4, iss 184oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt67q6j3gf2026-06-14T20:08:55Zqt67q6j3gfCosmological implications of DESI DR2 BAO measurements in light of the latest ACT DR6 CMB dataGarcia-Quintero, CNoriega, HEde Mattia, AAviles, ALodha, KChebat, DRohlf, JNadathur, SElbers, WAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OAndrade, UBailey, SBenZvi, SBianchi, DBrooks, DBurtin, ECalderon, RRosell, A CarneroCarrilho, PCastander, FJChaussidon, EClaybaugh, TCole, SCuceu, Ade Belsunce, Rde la Macorra, ADeiosso, NDella Costa, JDey, ArjunDey, BiprateepDing, ZDoel, PFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GGuy, JHahn, CHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIshak, MJuneau, SKehoe, RKirkby, DKremin, ALahav, OLamman, CLandriau, MLe Guillou, LLeauthaud, ALevi, MELi, QManera, MMartini, PMatthewson, WLMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JMuñoz-Gutiérrez, ANewman, JANiz, GPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPan, JPercival, WJPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRashkovetskyi, MRavoux, CRoss, AJRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HShafieloo, ASilber, JSprayberry, DTarlé, GTaylor, PVargas-Magaña, MWalther, MWeaver, BAYèche, CZarrouk, PZhai, ZZhao, CZhou, R2025-10-15We report cosmological results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) when combined with recent data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). By jointly analyzing ACT and data and applying conservative cuts to overlapping multipole ranges, we assess how different dataset combinations affect consistency with DESI. While ACT alone exhibits a tension with DESI exceeding within the model, this discrepancy is reduced when ACT is analyzed in combination with . For our baseline DESI DR2 likelihood combination, the preference for evolving dark energy over a cosmological constant is about , increasing to over with the inclusion of type Ia supernova data. While the dark energy results remain quite consistent across various combinations of and ACT likelihoods with those obtained by the DESI collaboration, the constraints on neutrino mass are more sensitive, ranging from in our baseline analysis, to (95% confidence level) in the CMB likelihood combination chosen by ACT when imposing the physical prior .5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/67q6j3gfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt67q6j3gf/qt67q6j3gf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/d6yc-xpqbarticlePhysical Review D, vol 112, iss 8083529oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0f42b5m02026-06-14T20:08:49Zqt0f42b5m0Irradiation-induced gas production in REBCO-based magnet materials used for future compact fusion reactorsReis, ChrisGesteland, ChaseBalooch, MehdiYoon, KooknohLee, JonathanIio, MasamiOgitsu, ToruYoshida, MakotoParrish, HamiltonYarossi, EllaShen, TengmingWang, YongqiangBernstein, LeePrestemon, SorenHosemann, Peter2025-06-21Nuclear fusion is an enticing alternative to current sources of energy, with multilayered Rare-Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) coated conductors deemed pivotal in the race toward fully realized, commercially viable, and magnetic confinement fusion reactors. In this study, we simulated the ion spectrum expected to evolve from REBCO's nickel-based Hastelloy C-276 substrate and copper stabilizer in an affordable robust compact-like reactor. We then emulated this gas production through helium implantation to investigate changes in materials and superconducting properties. Our results revealed that the substrate and stabilizer are capable of producing protons energetic enough to recoil throughout the tape thickness in appreciable doses, and alphas energetic enough to deposit 7.54 × 1014 ions/cm2 or 50.1 helium appm in the superconducting layer over a 30-year reactor lifetime. The superconducting layer of SuperPower® tapes exhibited at least double the swelling rate of the other major layers, and both SuperPower and Fujikura Ltd. tapes displayed microstructural changes in the REBCO layer not observed in isotropic metals. For the estimated lifetime fluence, the Fujikura tapes showed a ∼1 K reduction in critical temperature and a 32% degradation in critical current for compact reactor-relevant conditions (16 T, 20 K). Nuclear transmutation, low-temperature solder implantations, gas-ion evolution, the influence of gas production on vortex dynamics, and other related considerations are also discussed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Applied Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f42b5m0https://escholarship.org/content/qt0f42b5m0/qt0f42b5m0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0263824articleJournal of Applied Physics, vol 137, iss 23235101oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt07d801t42026-06-14T20:08:43Zqt07d801t4DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasarsAdame, AGAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlexander, DMAlvarez, MAlves, OAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAvila, SAviles, AAwan, HBailey, SBaltay, CBault, ABehera, JBenZvi, SBeutler, FBianchi, DBlake, CBlum, RBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCereskaite, RCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChen, SChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDey, ADey, BDing, ZDoel, PEdelstein, JEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJElliott, AFagrelius, PFanning, KFerraro, SEreza, JFindlay, NFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Sánchez, DForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGonzalez-Perez, VGordon, CGreen, DGruen, DGsponer, RGutierrez, GGuy, JHadzhiyska, BHahn, CHanif, MMSHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIršič, VIshak, MJuneau, SKaraçaylı, NGKehoe, RKent, SKirkby, DKong, HKremin, AKrolewski, ALai, YLan, T-WLandriau, MLang, DLasker, JLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, LLeauthaud, ALevi, ME2025-04-01We present the DESI 2024 galaxy and quasar baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements using over 5.7 million unique galaxy and quasar redshifts in the range 0.1 < z < 2.1. Divided by tracer type, we utilize 300,017 galaxies from the magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey with 0.1 < z < 0.4, 2,138,600 Luminous Red Galaxies with 0.4 < z < 1.1, 2,432,022 Emission Line Galaxies with 0.8 < z < 1.6, and 856,652 quasars with 0.8 < z < 2.1, over a ∼ 7,500 square degree footprint. The analysis was blinded at the catalog-level to avoid confirmation bias. All fiducial choices of the BAO fitting and reconstruction methodology, as well as the size of the systematic errors, were determined on the basis of the tests with mock catalogs and the blinded data catalogs. We present several improvements to the BAO analysis pipeline, including enhancing the BAO fitting and reconstruction methods in a more physically-motivated direction, and also present results using combinations of tracers. We employ a unified BAO analysis method across all tracers. We present a re-analysis of SDSS BOSS and eBOSS results applying the improved DESI methodology and find scatter consistent with the level of the quoted SDSS theoretical systematic uncertainties. With the total effective survey volume of ∼ 18 Gpc3, the combined precision of the BAO measurements across the six different redshift bins is ∼0.52%, marking a 1.2-fold improvement over the previous state-of-the-art results using only first-year data. We detect the BAO in all of these six redshift bins. The highest significance of BAO detection is 9.1σ at the effective redshift of 0.93, with a constraint of 0.86% placed on the BAO scale. We find that our observed BAO scales are systematically larger than the prediction of the Planck 2018-ΛCDM at z < 0.8. We translate the results into transverse comoving distance and radial Hubble distance measurements, which are used to constrain cosmological models in our companion paper.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrumbaryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSpower spectrum0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/07d801t4info:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/04/012articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 04012 - 012oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5vz3h9b52026-06-14T20:08:38Zqt5vz3h9b5Distributed fiber-optic sensing in a subscale high-temperature superconducting dipole magnetLuo, LinqingFerracin, PaoloHigley, HughMarchevsky, MaximPrestemon, SorenFernandez, Jose Luis RudeirosTeyber, ReedTurqueti, MarcosVallone, GiorgioWang, XiaorongWu, Yuxin2025-03-01High-temperature superconductors, such as REBa2Cu3O7−x (REBCO, RE = rare earth), are becoming pivotal for high-field magnet technology for future circular colliders and compact fusion reactors. The U.S. Magnet Development Program, in collaboration with industry, is developing REBCO magnet technology using round conductors consisting of multiple REBCO tapes. For these multi-tape cables, traditional instrumentation, such as voltage taps and resistive strain gauges, become insufficient to help measure and understand the performance-limiting factors in these model magnets. Distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS) is a potential solution to address this challenge. Although DFOS is well established for various applications, measuring temperature and strain in high-temperature superconducting magnets is in its infancy. Here we report the detailed implementation and test results of DFOS based on Rayleigh scattering in a subscale canted cosθ (CCT) dipole magnet using high-temperature superconducting CORC® wires. We co-wound optical fibers in each layer of the CCT magnet and compared different types of commercial fibers and mold-release agents to reduce the power attenuation in the fibers. The DFOS allowed us to measure mechanical deformation and temperature along the conductor during tests at 77 and 4.2 K. The measured strain agreed quantitively with a finite-element mechanical model of the subscale magnet. Our results indicate that DFOS can effectively identify locations of strain and temperature changes, offering unique insight into magnet performance that can advance our understanding and development of the REBCO magnet technology for high-energy physics and fusion applications.40 Engineering (for-2020)4016 Materials Engineering (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)distributed optical fiber sensingsuperconducting magnetREBCO cableATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vz3h9b5https://escholarship.org/content/qt5vz3h9b5/qt5vz3h9b5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6668/adba98articleSuperconductor Science and Technology, vol 38, iss 3035029oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt72q0r6wd2026-06-14T20:08:21Zqt72q0r6wdSequential Bayesian experimental design for calibration of expensive simulation modelsSürer, ÖzgePlumlee, MatthewWild, Stefan M2023-08-18Simulation models of critical systems often have parameters that need to be calibrated using observed data. For expensive simulation models, calibration is done using an emulator of the simulation model built on simulation output at different parameter settings. Using intelligent and adaptive selection of parameters to build the emulator can drastically improve the efficiency of the calibration process. The article proposes a sequential framework with a novel criterion for parameter selection that targets learning the posterior density of the parameters. The emergent behavior from this criterion is that exploration happens by selecting parameters in uncertain posterior regions while simultaneously exploitation happens by selecting parameters in regions of high posterior density. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated using several simulation experiments and a nuclear physics reaction model.49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)4905 Statistics (for-2020)AcquisitionActive learningEmulationGaussian processUncertainty quantification0104 Statistics (for)Statistics & Probability (science-metrix)4905 Statistics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/72q0r6wdinfo:doi/10.1080/00401706.2023.2246157articleTechnometrics, vol 66, iss 21 - 26oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jk9b7bc2026-06-14T20:07:39Zqt3jk9b7bcMeasurement of the Nucleon F2n/F2p Structure Function Ratio by the Jefferson Lab MARATHON Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering ExperimentAbrams, DAlbataineh, HAljawrneh, BSAlsalmi, SAndroic, DAniol, KArmstrong, WArrington, JAtac, HAverett, TGayoso, C AyerbeBai, XBane, JBarcus, SBeck, ABellini, VBhatt, HBhetuwal, DBiswas, DBlyth, DBoeglin, WBulumulla, DButler, JCamsonne, ACarmignotto, MCastellanos, JChen, J-PCohen, EOCovrig, SCraycraft, KCruz-Torres, RDongwi, BDuran, BDutta, DFuchey, EGal, CGautam, TNGilad, SGnanvo, KGogami, TGomez, JGu, CHabarakada, AHague, THansen, J-OHattawy, MHauenstein, FHiginbotham, DWHolt, RJHughes, EWHyde, CIbrahim, HJian, SJoosten, SKarki, AKarki, BKatramatou, ATKeith, CKeppel, CKhachatryan, MKhachatryan, VKhanal, AKievsky, AKing, DKing, PMKorover, IKulagin, SAKumar, KSKutz, TLashley-Colthirst, NLi, SLi, WLiu, HLiuti, SLiyanage, NMarkowitz, PMcClellan, REMeekins, DBeck, S Mey-TalMeziani, Z-EMichaels, RMihovilovic, MNelyubin, VNguyen, DNuruzzamanNycz, MObrecht, ROlson, MOwen, VFPace, EPandey, BPandey, VPaolone, MPapadopoulou, APark, SPaul, SPetratos, GGPetti, RPiasetzky, EPomatsalyuk, R2022-04-01The ratio of the nucleon F_{2} structure functions, F_{2}^{n}/F_{2}^{p}, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ^{3}H and ^{3}He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range 0.195106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Jefferson Lab Hall A Tritium Collaboration01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jk9b7bcinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.128.132003articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 128, iss 13132003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rj3d4jk2026-06-14T20:03:58Zqt5rj3d4jkLongitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized proton collisions at s=200 GeVAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, S2021-05-01We report high-precision measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for midrapidity inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV. The new inclusive jet data are sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, Δg(x,Q2), for gluon momentum fractions in the range from x≃0.05 to x≃0.5, while the new dijet data provide further constraints on the x dependence of Δg(x,Q2). The results are in good agreement with previous measurements at s=200 GeV and with recent theoretical evaluations of prior world data. Our new results have better precision and thus strengthen the evidence that Δg(x,Q2) is positive for x>0.05.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rj3d4jkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5rj3d4jk/qt5rj3d4jk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.103.l091103articlePhysical Review D, vol 103, iss 9l091103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt247049w62026-06-14T20:03:45Zqt247049w6Azimuthal anisotropy measurements of strange and multistrange hadrons in U+U collisions at sNN=193 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, S2021-06-01We present systematic measurements of azimuthal anisotropy for strange and multistrange hadrons (Ks0, Λ, Ξ, and Ω) and ϕ mesons at midrapidity (|y|< 1.0) in collisions of U+U nuclei at sNN=193 GeV, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Transverse momentum (pT) dependence of flow coefficients (v2, v3, and v4) is presented for minimum bias collisions and three different centrality intervals. Number of constituent quark scaling of the measured flow coefficients in U+U collisions is discussed. We also present the ratio of vn scaled by the participant eccentricity (ɛn2) to explore system size dependence and collectivity in U+U collisions. The magnitude of v2/ɛ2 is found to be smaller in U+U collisions than that in central Au+Au collisions contradicting naive eccentricity scaling. Furthermore, the ratios between various flow harmonics (v3/v23/2, v4/v24/2) are studied and compared with hydrodynamic and transport model calculations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/247049w6https://escholarship.org/content/qt247049w6/qt247049w6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.103.064907articlePhysical Review C, vol 103, iss 6064907oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt19m4w50f2026-06-14T20:03:29Zqt19m4w50fNonmonotonic Energy Dependence of Net-Proton Number FluctuationsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHHe, YHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, S2021-03-05Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1 σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data in noncentral Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}].5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR CollaborationNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/19m4w50fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt19m4w50f/qt19m4w50f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.126.092301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 126, iss 9092301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2qk805g92026-06-14T19:58:46Zqt2qk805g9Magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic laser ablation therapy for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors: a multiinstitutional retrospective study.Arocho-Quinones, Elsa VLew, Sean MHandler, Michael HTovar-Spinoza, ZulmaSmyth, MatthewBollo, RobertDonahue, DavidPerry, M ScottLevy, Michael LGonda, DavidMangano, Francesco TStorm, Phillip BPrice, Angela VCouture, Daniel EOluigbo, ChimaDuhaime, Ann-ChristineBarnett, Gene HMuh, Carrie RSather, Michael DFallah, AriaWang, Anthony CBhatia, SanjivPatel, KadamTarima, SergeyGraber, SarahHuckins, SeanHafez, Daniel MRumalla, KavelinBailey, LaurieShandley, SabrinaRoach, AshtonAlexander, ErinJenkins, WendyTsering, DekiPrice, GeorgeMeola, AntonioEvanoff, WendiThompson, Eric MBrandmeir, Nicholasthe Pediatric Stereotactic Laser Ab2020-07-01OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of MR-guided stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) therapy in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors.
METHODS: Data from 17 North American centers were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, technical, and radiographic data for pediatric patients treated with SLA for a diagnosis of brain tumor from 2008 to 2016 were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 86 patients (mean age 12.2 ± 4.5 years) with 76 low-grade (I or II) and 10 high-grade (III or IV) tumors were included. Tumor location included lobar (38.4%), deep (45.3%), and cerebellar (16.3%) compartments. The mean follow-up time was 24 months (median 18 months, range 3-72 months). At the last follow-up, the volume of SLA-treated tumors had decreased in 80.6% of patients with follow-up data. Patients with high-grade tumors were more likely to have an unchanged or larger tumor size after SLA treatment than those with low-grade tumors (OR 7.49, p = 0.0364). Subsequent surgery and adjuvant treatment were not required after SLA treatment in 90.4% and 86.7% of patients, respectively. Patients with high-grade tumors were more likely to receive subsequent surgery (OR 2.25, p = 0.4957) and adjuvant treatment (OR 3.77, p = 0.1711) after SLA therapy, without reaching significance. A total of 29 acute complications in 23 patients were reported and included malpositioned catheters (n = 3), intracranial hemorrhages (n = 2), transient neurological deficits (n = 11), permanent neurological deficits (n = 5), symptomatic perilesional edema (n = 2), hydrocephalus (n = 4), and death (n = 2). On long-term follow-up, 3 patients were reported to have worsened neuropsychological test results. Pre-SLA tumor volume, tumor location, number of laser trajectories, and number of lesions created did not result in a significantly increased risk of complications; however, the odds of complications increased by 14% (OR 1.14, p = 0.0159) with every 1-cm3 increase in the volume of the lesion created.
CONCLUSIONS: SLA is an effective, minimally invasive treatment option for pediatric brain tumors, although it is not without risks. Limiting the volume of the generated thermal lesion may help decrease the incidence of complications.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis (for-2020)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Brain Cancer (rcdc)Pediatric Cancer (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Orphan Drug (rcdc)Patient Safety (rcdc)6.5 Radiotherapy and other non-invasive therapies (hrcs-rac)magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic laser ablationSLAlaser interstitial thermal therapyLITTminimally invasive techniquepediatric brain tumorsoncologyPediatric Stereotactic Laser Ablation WorkgroupLITTSLAlaser interstitial thermal therapymagnetic resonance–guided stereotactic laser ablationminimally invasive techniqueoncologypediatric brain tumors1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)3213 Paediatrics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qk805g9https://escholarship.org/content/qt2qk805g9/qt2qk805g9.pdfinfo:doi/10.3171/2020.1.peds19496articleJournal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics, vol 26, iss 113 - 21oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt44q8d96b2026-06-14T19:56:07Zqt44q8d96bMultiparticle correlation studies in pPb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHrubec, JJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JDeroover, KFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFasanella, GFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLenzi, TLuetic, JPostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IPoyraz, DRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBakhshiansohi, HBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, A2020-01-01The second- and third-order azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics of charged particles produced in pPb collisions, at sNN=8.16TeV, are studied over a wide range of event multiplicities. Multiparticle correlations are used to isolate global properties stemming from the collision overlap geometry. The second-order “elliptic” harmonic moment is obtained with high precision through four-, six-, and eight-particle correlations and, for the first time, the third-order “triangular” harmonic moment is studied using four-particle correlations. A sample of peripheral PbPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV that covers a similar range of event multiplicities as the pPb results is also analyzed. Model calculations of initial-state fluctuations in pPb and PbPb collisions can be directly compared to the high-precision experimental results. This work provides new insight into the fluctuation-driven origin of the v3 coefficients in pPb and PbPb collisions, and into the dominating overall collision geometry in PbPb collisions at the earliest stages of heavy ion interactions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/44q8d96bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt44q8d96b/qt44q8d96b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.101.014912articlePhysical Review C, vol 101, iss 1014912oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5d23c3xh2026-06-14T19:55:58Zqt5d23c3xhMeasurement of prompt photon production in s NN = 8.16 TeV p + Pb collisions with ATLASCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbbott, DCAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdam, LAdamczyk, LAdamek, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexandre, DAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAn, FAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FA2019-09-01The inclusive production rates of isolated, prompt photons in p + Pb collisions at s NN = 8.16 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 165 nb−1 recorded in 2016. The cross-section and nuclear modification factor R p Pb are measured as a function of photon transverse energy from 20 GeV to 550 GeV and in three nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass pseudorapidity regions, ( − 2.83 , − 2.02 ) , ( − 1.84 , 0.91 ) , and ( 1.09 , 1.90 ) . The cross-section and R p Pb values are compared with the results of a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation, with and without nuclear parton distribution function modifications, and with expectations based on a model of the energy loss of partons prior to the hard scattering. The data disfavour a large amount of energy loss and provide new constraints on the parton densities in nuclei.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d23c3xhinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.07.031articlePhysics Letters B, vol 796230 - 252oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2d62z9b72026-06-14T19:54:12Zqt2d62z9b7Magnetic Analysis of the MQXF Quadrupole for the High-Luminosity LHCBermudez, Susana IzquierdoFiscarelli, LucioAmbrosio, GiorgioBajas, HuguesChlachidze, GuramFerracin, PaoloDiMarco, JosephStoynev, Stoyan EmilovTodesco, EzioSabbi, GianLucaVallone, Giorgio2019-01-01The high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) requires new high-field and large-aperture quadrupole magnets for the low-beta inner triplets (MQXF). The U.S. HiLumi-LHC Accelerator Upgrade and CERN are jointly developing a 150-mm aperture Nb3Sn magnet. Due to the large beam size and orbit displacement in the final focusing triplet, MQXF has challenging field quality targets at collision energy. Magnetic measurements have been performed both at ambient and cryogenic temperatures in the four short models that were built and tested. This paper presents the magnetic analysis, comparing field measurements with the expectations and the field quality requirements. The analysis is focused on the geometrical harmonics and iron saturation effect, including three-dimensional effects and transfer function repeatability. Persistent currents and dynamic effects are also discussed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)High luminosity LHCfield qualitymagnetic measurementshigh field Nb3Sn magnet0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d62z9b7https://escholarship.org/content/qt2d62z9b7/qt2d62z9b7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2897848articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2q51t3fd2026-06-14T19:54:08Zqt2q51t3fdSummary of the Mechanical Performances of the 1.5 m Long Models of the Nb$_{3}$Sn Low-$\beta$ Quadrupole MQXFVallone, GiorgioAmbrosio, GiorgioAnderssen, Eric CBajas, HugoBourcey, NicolasCheng, Daniel WChlachidze, GuramFerracin, PaoloGrosclaude, PhilippeGuinchard, MichaelBermudez, Susana IzquierdoJuchno, MariuszPan, HengPerez, Juan CarlosPrestemon, SorenStrauss, Thomas2019-01-01The Nb3Sn quadrupole MQXF is being developed as a part of the large hadron collide (LHC) High Luminosity upgrade. The magnet design was tested on 1.5-m-long short models, sharing the same cross section with the full-length magnets. Various azimuthal and longitudinal preloads were applied, studying the impact on the magnet training and on its mechanical performances. The experiments demonstrated the possibility to control the magnet prestress. However, various factors, coil size among the others, may affect the stress variation between and within each winding. This variation could prevent the magnets from reaching the magnet performances, as for example as a result of the critical current reduction of the Nb3Sn strands. This paper analyzes the mechanical performances of the short models, studying in particular the stress variation on different coils. The measured coil size was used as input in the numerical simulations, and the results were then compared with the strain gauge measurements. Finally, the short model experience was used to evaluate the feasibility of a loading operation that does not rely on the strain measurements.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)High Luminosity LHClow-beta quadrupoleNb3Sn magnetmechanical performanceshort model0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q51t3fdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2q51t3fd/qt2q51t3fd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2898327articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2433n63n2026-06-14T19:54:03Zqt2433n63nMeasurement of the gamma ray background in the Davis cavern at the Sanford Underground Research FacilityAkerib, DSAkerlof, CWAlsum, SKAngelides, NAraújo, HMArmstrong, JEArthurs, MBai, XBalajthy, JBalashov, SBaxter, ABernard, EPBiekert, ABiesiadzinski, TPBoast, KEBoxer, BBrás, PBuckley, JHBugaev, VVBurdin, SBusenitz, JKCarels, CCarlsmith, DLCarmona-Benitez, MCCascella, MChan, CCole, ACottle, ACutter, JEDahl, CEde Viveiros, LDobson, JEYDruszkiewicz, EEdberg, TKFan, AFiorucci, SFlaecher, HFruth, TGaitskell, RJGenovesi, JGhag, CGilchriese, MGDGokhale, Svan der Grinten, MGDHall, CRHans, SHarrison, JHaselschwardt, SJHertel, SAHor, JY-KHorn, MHuang, DQIgnarra, CMJahangir, OJi, WJohnson, JKaboth, ACKamdin, KKhaitan, DKhazov, AKim, WTKocher, CDKorley, LKorolkova, EVKras, JKraus, HKravitz, SWKreczko, LKrikler, BKudryavtsev, VALeason, EALee, JLeonard, DSLesko, KTLevy, CLi, JLiao, JLiao, F-TLin, JLindote, ALinehan, RLippincott, WHLiu, RLiu, XLoniewski, CLopes, MIParedes, B LópezLorenzon, WLuitz, SLyle, JMMajewski, PAManalaysay, AManenti, LMannino, RLMarangou, NMarzioni, MFMcKinsey, DNMcLaughlin, JMeng, YMiller, EH2020-03-01Deep underground environments are ideal for low background searches due to the attenuation of cosmic rays by passage through the earth. However, they are affected by backgrounds from γ-rays emitted by 40K and the 238U and 232Th decay chains in the surrounding rock. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a liquid xenon TPC located within the Davis campus at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota, at the 4850-foot level. In order to characterise the cavern background, in-situ γ-ray measurements were taken with a sodium iodide detector in various locations and with lead shielding. The integral count rates (0–3300 keV) varied from 596 Hz to 1355 Hz for unshielded measurements, corresponding to a total flux from the cavern walls of 1.9 ± 0.4 γ cm − 2 s − 1 . The resulting activity in the walls of the cavern can be characterised as 220 ± 60 Bq/kg of 40K, 29 ± 15 Bq/kg of 238U, and 13 ± 3 Bq/kg of 232Th.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Dark matterLow backgroundRadiationUndergroundGamma raysGamma spectroscopyphysics.ins-detphysics.ins-dethep-ex0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2433n63nhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2433n63n/qt2433n63n.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.102391articleAstroparticle Physics, vol 116102391oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0196r5pb2026-06-14T19:53:58Zqt0196r5pbBeam energy dependence of (anti-)deuteron production in Au + Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-06-01We report the energy dependence of mid-rapidity (anti-)deuteron production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The yield of deuterons is found to be well described by the thermal model. The collision energy, centrality, and transverse momentum dependence of the coalescence parameter B2 are discussed. We find that the values of B2 for antideuterons are systematically lower than those for deuterons, indicating that the correlation volume of antibaryons is larger than that of baryons at sNN from 19.6 to 39 GeV. In addition, values of B2 are found to vary with collision energy and show a broad minimum around sNN=20–40 GeV, which might imply a change of the equation of state of the medium in these collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0196r5pbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0196r5pb/qt0196r5pb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.99.064905articlePhysical Review C, vol 99, iss 6064905oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt416395nn2026-06-14T19:53:53Zqt416395nnFabrication of Bi-2212 Canted-Cosine-Theta Dipole PrototypesFajardo, Laura GarciaBrouwer, LucasCaspi, ShlomoHafalia, AurelioHernikl, ChristopherPrestemon, SorenShen, TengmingBosque, ErnestoEnglish, Charles2019-01-01The U.S. Magnet Development Program (MDP) is exploring the possibility of combining low- and high-temperature superconductor technologies, using cosine-theta and canted-cosine-theta (CCT) Nb3Sn dipole magnets together with Bi-2212 CCT inserts, with the ultimate goal of constructing a 20-T dipole. The MDP short-term goal is a Bi-2212 CCT insert capable of reaching 5 T in the bore when operating as a stand-alone and 3 T when operating under a background field of 15 T. This paper reports on the fabrication of our BIN4 dipole magnet and our BIN5a and BIN5b coils, designed and built at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to address potential fabrication issues of Bi-2212 coils and verify the design of our 18-20-T dipole magnet. BIN4 is a two-layer 50-cm-long CCT magnet that uses a nine-strand Rutherford cable made with 0.8-mm-diameter Bi-2212 strands. Its goal is to investigate critical current, insulation integrity, manufacturing challenges, and quench protection issues after heat treating both layers together under oxygen at standard atmosphere (1 bar). BIN5a and BIN5b are two identical coils, similar to the outer layer of BIN4, with the difference that the length is 39 cm, and they will undergo 50-bar overpressure processing heat treatment. BIN5 coils are made from the state-of-the-art strand with an engineering critical current density of 1150 A/mm2 at 4.2 K and 5 T.40 Engineering (for-2020)4008 Electrical Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bi-2212 coil fabricationcanted cosine theta magnetsHTS insert magnets0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/416395nnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt416395nn/qt416395nn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2896725articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 5oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69z892pb2026-06-14T19:53:42Zqt69z892pbFCC Physics OpportunitiesAbada, AAbbrescia, MAbdusSalam, SSAbdyukhanov, IFernandez, J AbelleiraAbramov, AAburaia, MAcar, AOAdzic, PRAgrawal, PAguilar-Saavedra, JAAguilera-Verdugo, JJAiba, MAichinger, IAielli, GAkay, AAkhundov, AAksakal, HAlbacete, JLAlbergo, SAlekou, AAleksa, MAleksan, RFernandez, RM AlemanyAlexahin, YAlía, RGAlioli, STehrani, N AlipourAllanach, BCAllport, PPAltınlı, MAltmannshofer, WAmbrosio, GAmorim, DAmstutz, OAnderlini, LAndreazza, AAndreini, MAndriatis, AAndris, CAndronic, AAngelucci, MAntinori, FAntipov, SAAntonelli, MAntonello, MAntonioli, PAntusch, SAnulli, FApolinário, LApollinari, GApollonio, AAppelö, DAppleby, RBApyan, AraApyan, ArmArbey, AArbuzov, AArduini, GArı, VArias, SArmesto, NArnaldi, RArsenyev, SAArzeo, MAsai, SAslanides, EAßmann, RWAstapovych, DAtanasov, MAtieh, SAttié, DAuchmann, BAudurier, AAull, SAumon, SAune, SAvino, FAvrillaud, GAydın, GAzatov, AAzuelos, GAzzi, PAzzolini, OAzzurri, PBacchetta, NBacchiocchi, EBachacou, HBaek, YWBaglin, VBai, YBaird, SBaker, MJBaldwin, MJBall, AHBallarino, ABanerjee, SBarber, DPBarducci, DBarjhoux, P2019-06-01We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the top quark and flavour, as well as phenomena beyond the Standard Model. We highlight the synergy and complementarity of the different colliders, which will contribute to a uniquely coherent and ambitious research programme, providing an unmatchable combination of precision and sensitivity to new physics.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69z892pbinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6904-3articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 79, iss 6474oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt39h5k0tp2026-06-14T19:53:19Zqt39h5k0tpLongitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet and dijet production in pp collisions at s=510 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2019-09-01We report the first measurement of the inclusive jet and the dijet longitudinal double-spin asymmetries, ALL, at midrapidity in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=510 GeV. The inclusive jet ALL measurement is sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution down to a gluon momentum fraction of x≈0.015, while the dijet measurements, separated into four jet-pair topologies, provide constraints on the x dependence of the gluon polarization. Both results are consistent with previous measurements made at s=200 GeV in the overlapping kinematic region, x>0.05, and show good agreement with predictions from recent next-to-leading order global analyses.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/39h5k0tphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt39h5k0tp/qt39h5k0tp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.100.052005articlePhysical Review D, vol 100, iss 5052005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt69d164r02026-06-14T19:52:50Zqt69d164r0Measurement of the single top quark and antiquark production cross sections in the t channel and their ratio in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHrubec, JJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DTaurok, AWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JPieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JDeroover, KFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFasanella, GFavart, LGoldouzian, RGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLenzi, TLuetic, JPostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IPoyraz, DRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBakhshiansohi, HBondu, OBrochet, SBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, C2020-01-01Measurements of the cross sections for the production of single top quarks and antiquarks in the t channel, and their ratio, are presented for proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set used was recorded in 2016 by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Events with one muon or electron are selected, and different categories of jet and b jet multiplicity and multivariate discriminators are applied to separate the signal from the background. The cross sections for the t-channel production of single top quarks and antiquarks are measured to be 130 ± 1 ( stat ) ± 19 ( syst ) pb and 77 ± 1 ( stat ) ± 12 ( syst ) pb , respectively, and their ratio is 1.68 ± 0.02 ( stat ) ± 0.05 ( syst ) . The results are in agreement with the predictions from the standard model.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsTop quarkSingle topCross sectionhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/69d164r0https://escholarship.org/content/qt69d164r0/qt69d164r0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135042articlePhysics Letters B, vol 800135042oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4b06x4302026-06-14T19:52:40Zqt4b06x430Combination of CMS searches for heavy resonances decaying to pairs of bosons or leptonsSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, AKrintiras, GLemaitre, VMagitteri, APiotrzkowski, KPrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M Vidal2019-11-01A statistical combination of searches for heavy resonances decaying to pairs of bosons or leptons is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 collected during 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data are found to be consistent with expectations from the standard model background. Exclusion limits are set in the context of models of spin-1 heavy vector triplets and of spin-2 bulk gravitons. For mass-degenerate W′ and Z′ resonances that predominantly couple to the standard model gauge bosons, the mass exclusion at 95% confidence level of heavy vector bosons is extended to 4.5 TeV as compared to 3.8 TeV determined from the best individual channel. This excluded mass increases to 5.0 TeV if the resonances couple predominantly to fermions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSB2GDibosonDileptonHVTGravitonhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b06x430https://escholarship.org/content/qt4b06x430/qt4b06x430.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134952articlePhysics Letters B, vol 798134952oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9371x1262026-06-14T19:52:32Zqt9371x126Surrogate optimization of deep neural networks for groundwater predictionsMüller, JulianePark, JanghoSahu, ReetikVaradharajan, CharulekaArora, BhavnaFaybishenko, BorisAgarwal, Deborah2021-09-01Sustainable management of groundwater resources under changing climatic conditions require an application of reliable and accurate predictions of groundwater levels. Mechanistic multi-scale, multi-physics simulation models are often too hard to use for this purpose, especially for groundwater managers who do not have access to the complex compute resources and data. Therefore, we analyzed the applicability and performance of four modern deep learning computational models for predictions of groundwater levels. We compare three methods for optimizing the models’ hyperparameters, including two surrogate model-based algorithms and a random sampling method. The models were tested using predictions of the groundwater level in Butte County, California, USA, taking into account the temporal variability of streamflow, precipitation, and ambient temperature. Our numerical study shows that the optimization of the hyperparameters can lead to reasonably accurate performance of all models (root mean squared errors of groundwater predictions of 2 meters or less), but the “simplest” network, namely a multilayer perceptron (MLP) performs overall better for learning and predicting groundwater data than the more advanced long short-term memory or convolutional neural networks in terms of prediction accuracy and time-to-solution, making the MLP a suitable candidate for groundwater prediction.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4611 Machine Learning (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Hyperparameter optimizationMachine learningDerivative-free optimizationGroundwater predictionSurrogate modelsstat.MLstat.MLcs.LGmath.OCsurrogate modelinggroundwater predictionHyperparameter optimizationMachine learningDerivative-free optimizationGroundwater predictionSurrogate models0102 Applied Mathematics (for)0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics (for)0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics (for)Operations Research (science-metrix)4602 Artificial intelligence (for-2020)4901 Applied mathematics (for-2020)4903 Numerical and computational mathematics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9371x126info:doi/10.1007/s10898-020-00912-0articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5bj0b64b2026-06-14T19:52:25Zqt5bj0b64bMeasurement of the top quark Yukawa coupling from tt¯ kinematic distributions in the lepton+jets final state in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD’Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, ALemaitre, VMagitteri, APrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M VidalVischia, PZobec, J2019-10-01Results are presented for an extraction of the top quark Yukawa coupling from top quark-antiquark (tt¯) kinematic distributions in the lepton plus jets final state in proton-proton collisions, based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.8 fb-1. Corrections from weak boson exchange, including Higgs bosons, between the top quarks can produce large distortions of differential distributions near the energy threshold of tt¯ production. Therefore, precise measurements of these distributions are sensitive to the Yukawa coupling. Top quark events are reconstructed with at least three jets in the final state, and a novel technique is introduced to reconstruct the tt¯ system for events with one missing jet. This technique enhances the experimental sensitivity in the low invariant mass region, Mtt¯. The data yields in Mtt¯, the rapidity difference |yt-yt¯|, and the number of reconstructed jets are compared with distributions representing different Yukawa couplings. These comparisons are used to measure the ratio of the top quark Yukawa coupling to its standard model predicted value to be 1.07-0.43+0.34 with an upper limit of 1.67 at the 95% confidence level.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bj0b64bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5bj0b64b/qt5bj0b64b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.100.072007articlePhysical Review D, vol 100, iss 7072007oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20h2d97r2026-06-14T19:52:16Zqt20h2d97rSearch for light pseudoscalar boson pairs produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in final states with two muons and two nearby tracks in pp collisions at s = 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHrubec, JJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NRohringer, HSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MChekhovsky, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JDeroover, KFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFasanella, GFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, AKrintiras, GLemaitre, VMagitteri, A2020-01-01A search is presented for pairs of light pseudoscalar bosons, in the mass range from 4 to 15 GeV, produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson. The decay modes considered are final states that arise when one of the pseudoscalars decays to a pair of tau leptons, and the other one either into a pair of tau leptons or muons. The search is based on proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 . The 2 μ 2 τ and 4τ channels are used in combination to constrain the product of the Higgs boson production cross section and the branching fraction into 4τ final state, σ B , exploiting the linear dependence of the fermionic coupling strength of pseudoscalar bosons on the fermion mass. No significant excess is observed beyond the expectation from the standard model. The observed and expected upper limits at 95% confidence level on σ B , relative to the standard model Higgs boson production cross section, are set respectively between 0.022 and 0.23 and between 0.027 and 0.19 in the mass range probed by the analysis.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsHiggs bosonNMSSM2HD+1Shep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20h2d97rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt20h2d97r/qt20h2d97r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135087articlePhysics Letters B, vol 800135087oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7md8r1222026-06-14T19:52:07Zqt7md8r122Search for MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to μ+μ− in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JFlouris, GLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, AKrintiras, GLemaitre, VMagitteri, APiotrzkowski, KSaggio, AMarono, M VidalVischia, PZobec, J2019-11-01A search is performed for neutral non-standard-model Higgs bosons decaying to two muons in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV were used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 . The search is sensitive to neutral Higgs bosons produced via the gluon fusion process or in association with a b b ‾ quark pair. No significant deviations from the standard model expectation are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in the context of the m h mod+ and phenomenological MSSM scenarios on the parameter tan β as a function of the mass of the pseudoscalar A boson, in the range from 130 to 600 GeV. The results are also used to set a model-independent limit on the product of the branching fraction for the decay into a muon pair and the cross section for the production of a scalar neutral boson, either via gluon fusion, or in association with b quarks, in the mass range from 130 to 1000 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSHiggsMuonBSMMSSMModel independenthep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7md8r122https://escholarship.org/content/qt7md8r122/qt7md8r122.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134992articlePhysics Letters B, vol 798134992oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2cq163dn2026-06-14T19:51:36Zqt2cq163dnRunning of the top quark mass from proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, INiedziela, MRoskas, CTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, ALemaitre, VPrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M VidalVischia, PZobec, JAlves, FLAlves, GASilva, G CorreiaHensel, CMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloChagas, E Belchior Batista DasCarvalho, W2020-04-01The running of the top quark mass is experimentally investigated for the first time. The mass of the top quark in the modified minimal subtraction ( MS ‾ ) renormalization scheme is extracted from a comparison of the differential top quark-antiquark ( t t ¯ ) cross section as a function of the invariant mass of the t t ¯ system to next-to-leading-order theoretical predictions. The differential cross section is determined at the parton level by means of a maximum-likelihood fit to distributions of final-state observables. The analysis is performed using t t ¯ candidate events in the e± μ∓ channel in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 . The extracted running is found to be compatible with the scale dependence predicted by the corresponding renormalization group equation. In this analysis, the running is probed up to a scale of the order of 1 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsTop quark massQCDRenormalizationhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cq163dnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2cq163dn/qt2cq163dn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135263articlePhysics Letters B, vol 803135263oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6h1102jh2026-06-14T19:51:17Zqt6h1102jhSearch for Supersymmetry with a Compressed Mass Spectrum in Events with a Soft τ Lepton, a Highly Energetic Jet, and Large Missing Transverse Momentum in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD’Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, INiedziela, MRoskas, CTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, ALemaitre, VPrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M VidalVischia, PZobec, JAlves, FLAlves, GASilva, G CorreiaHensel, CMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloChagas, E Belchior Batista DasCarvalho, W2020-01-31The first search for supersymmetry in events with an experimental signature of one soft, hadronically decaying τ lepton, one energetic jet from initial-state radiation, and large transverse momentum imbalance is presented. These event signatures are consistent with direct or indirect production of scalar τ leptons (τ[over ˜]) in supersymmetric models that exhibit coannihilation between the τ[over ˜] and the lightest neutralino (χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0}), and that could generate the observed relic density of dark matter. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.2 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 and 2017. The results are interpreted in a supersymmetric scenario with a small mass difference (Δm) between the chargino (χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±}) or next-to-lightest neutralino (χ[over ˜]_{2}^{0}), and the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0}. The mass of the τ[over ˜] is assumed to be the average of the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±} and χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0} masses. The data are consistent with standard model background predictions. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the sum of the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±}, χ[over ˜]_{2}^{0}, and τ[over ˜] production cross sections for Δm(χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±},χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0})=50 GeV, resulting in a lower limit of 290 GeV on the mass of the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±}, which is the most stringent to date and surpasses the bounds from the LEP experiments.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6h1102jhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6h1102jh/qt6h1102jh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.124.041803articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 124, iss 4041803oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7zp3d9jj2026-06-14T19:49:12Zqt7zp3d9jjImproved modeling of β electronic recoils in liquid xenon using LUX calibration dataAkerib, DSAlsum, SAraújo, HMBai, XBalajthy, JBaxter, ABernard, EPBernstein, ABiesiadzinski, TPBoulton, EMBoxer, BBrás, PBurdin, SByram, DCarmona-Benitez, MCChan, CCutter, JEde\Viveiros, LDruszkiewicz, EFan, AFiorucci, SGaitskell, RJGhag, CGilchriese, MGDGwilliam, CHall, CRHaselschwardt, SJHertel, SAHogan, DPHorn, MHuang, DQIgnarra, CMJacobsen, RGJahangir, OJi, WKamdin, KKazkaz, KKhaitan, DKorolkova, EVKravitz, SKudryavtsev, VALeason, ELenardo, BGLesko, KTLiao, JLin, JLindote, ALopes, MIManalaysay, AMannino, RLMarangou, NMarzioni, MFMcKinsey, DNMei, D-MMoongweluwan, MMorad, JAMurphyNaylor, ANehrkorn, CNelson, HNNeves, FNilima, AOliver-Mallory, KCPalladino, KJPease, EKRiffard, QRischbieter, GRCRhyne, CRossiter, PShaw, SShutt, TASilva, CSolmaz, MSolovov, VNSorensen, PSumner, TJSzydagis, MTaylor, DJTaylor, RTaylor, WCTennyson, BPTerman, PATiedt, DRTo, WHTripathi, MTvrznikova, LUtku, UUvarov, SVacheret, AVelan, VWebb, RCWhite, JTWhitis, TJWitherell, MSWolfs, FLHWoodward, DXu, JZhang, C2020-02-01We report here methods and techniques for creating an improved model that reproduces the scintillation and ionization response of a dual-phase liquid and gaseous xenon time projection chamber. Starting with the recent release of the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST v2.0), electronic recoil data from the β decays of 3H and 14C in the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector were used to tune the model, in addition to external data sets that allow for extrapolation beyond the LUX data-taking conditions. This paper also presents techniques used for modeling complicated temporal and spatial detector pathologies that can adversely affect data using a simplified model framework. The methods outlined in this report show an example of the robust applications possible with NEST v2.0 framework and how it can be modified to produce a final, detector-specific, electronic recoil model. This example provides the final model for LUX and detector parameters that will used in the new analysis package, the LUX Legacy Analysis Monte Carlo Application (LLAMA), for accurate reproduction of the LUX data. As accurate background reproduction is crucial for the success of rare-event searches, such as dark matter direct detection experiments, the techniques outlined here can be used in other single-phase and dual-phase xenon detectors to assist with accurate ER background reproduction.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Dark Matter detectors (WIMPsaxionsetc.)Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matterinteraction of photons with matterinteraction of hadronswith matteretc)Noble liquid detectors (scintillationionizationdouble-phase)Time projection Chambers (TPC)physics.ins-detphysics.ins-dethep-ex02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp3d9jjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7zp3d9jj/qt7zp3d9jj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/t02007articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 15, iss 02t02007 - t02007oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20d8g0hb2026-06-14T19:48:46Zqt20d8g0hbIon acceleration in laser generated megatesla magnetic vortexPark, JBulanov, SSBin, JJi, QSteinke, SVay, J-LGeddes, CGRSchroeder, CBLeemans, WPSchenkel, TEsarey, E2019-10-01Magnetic Vortex Acceleration (MVA) from near critical density targets is one of the promising schemes of laser-driven ion acceleration. 3D particle-in-cell simulations are used to explore a more extensive laser-target parameter space than previously reported in the literature as well as to study the laser pulse coupling to the target, the structure of the fields, and the properties of the accelerated ion beam in the MVA scheme. The efficiency of acceleration depends on the coupling of the laser energy to the self-generated channel in the target. The accelerated proton beams demonstrate a high level of collimation with achromatic angular divergence, and carry a significant amount of charge. For petawatt-class lasers, this acceleration regime provides a favorable scaling of the maximum ion energy with the laser power for the optimized interaction parameters. The megatesla-level magnetic fields generated by the laser-driven coaxial plasma structure in the target are a prerequisite for accelerating protons to the energy of several hundred mega-electron-volts.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0203 Classical Physics (for)Fluids & Plasmas (science-metrix)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/20d8g0hbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt20d8g0hb/qt20d8g0hb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/1.5094045articlePhysics of Plasmas, vol 26, iss 10103108oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rz4p2qd2026-06-14T19:44:43Zqt8rz4p2qdProduction of Λ c + baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAmbrogi, FBergauer, TBrandstetter, JDragicevic, MErö, JDel Valle, A EscalanteFlechl, MFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NKrätschmer, ILiko, DMadlener, TMikulec, IRad, NSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MSpitzbart, DWaltenberger, WWittmann, JWulz, C-EZarucki, MDrugakov, VMossolov, VGonzalez, J SuarezDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EADi Croce, DJanssen, XLauwers, JLelek, APieters, MSfar, H RejebVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESChhibra, SSD'Hondt, JDe Clercq, JLontkovskyi, DLowette, SMarchesini, IMoortgat, SMoreels, LPython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBeghin, DBilin, BBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HDorney, BFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLuetic, JPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWang, QCornelis, TDobur, DKhvastunov, IRoskas, CTrocino, DTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MZaganidis, NBondu, OBruno, GCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDelcourt, MGiammanco, AKrintiras, GLemaitre, VMagitteri, APiotrzkowski, KPrisciandaro, JSaggio, AMarono, M Vidal2020-04-01The transverse momentum ( p T ) spectra of inclusively produced Λ c + baryons are measured via the exclusive decay channel Λ c + → p K − π + using the CMS detector at the LHC. Spectra are measured as a function of transverse momentum in proton-proton ( p p ) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measurement is performed within the Λ c + rapidity interval | y | < 1 in the p T range of 5–20 GeV/ c in p p and 10–20 GeV/ c in PbPb collisions. The observed yields of Λ c + for p T of 10–20 GeV/ c suggest a suppression in central PbPb collisions compared to p p collisions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The Λ c + / D 0 production ratio in p p collisions is compared to theoretical models. In PbPb collisions, this ratio is consistent with the result from p p collisions in their common p T range.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSPhysicsLambda(c) baryonsNuclear modification factorHeavy flavorhep-exhep-exnucl-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rz4p2qdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8rz4p2qd/qt8rz4p2qd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135328articlePhysics Letters B, vol 803135328oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4hd2q3js2026-06-14T19:39:18Zqt4hd2q3jsStatus of the conceptual design of ALS-USteier, CAllézy, AAnders, ABaptiste, KByrd, JChow, KCutler, GDonahue, RDuarte, RJung, JYLeemann, SLeitner, MLuo, TNishimura, HOliver, TOmolayo, OOsborn, JPappas, CPersichelli, SPlacidi, MPortmann, GReyes, SRobin, DSannibale, Fde Santis, SSun, CSwenson, CVenturini, MWaldron, WWallén, EWan, W2017-07-01The ALS-U upgrade promises to deliver diffraction limited performance throughout the soft x-ray range by lowering the horizontal emittance to about 50 pm resulting in 2-3 orders of brightness increase for soft x-rays compared to the current ALS. The design utilizes a multi bend achromat lattice with on-axis swap-out injection and an accumulator ring. One central design goal is to install and commission ALS-U within a short dark period. This paper summarizes the status of the conceptual design of the accelerator, as well as some results of the R&D program that has been ongoing for the last 3 years.CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd2q3jsarticleIpac 2017 Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference2824 - 2826oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50f3p9792026-06-14T19:39:13Zqt50f3p979Communicating flood risk: Looking back and forward at traditional and social media outletsFeldman, DavidContreras, SantinaKarlin, BethBasolo, VictoriaMatthew, RichardSanders, BrettHouston, DouglasCheungGoodrich, KristenReyes, AbigailSerrano, KimberlySchubert, JochenLuke, Adam2016-03-01The communication of information about natural hazard risks to the public is a difficult task for decision makers. Research suggests that newer forms of technology present useful options for building disaster resilience. However, how effectively these newer forms of media can be used to inform populations of the potential hazard risks in their community remains unclear. This research uses primary data from an in-person survey of 164 residents of Newport Beach, California during the spring of 2014 to ascertain the current and preferred mechanisms through which individuals receive information on flood risks in their community. Factor analysis of survey data identified two predominant routes of dissemination for risk information: older traditional media and newer social media sources. A logistic regression model was specified to identify predictors for choosing a particular communication route. This analysis revealed that age is the central factor in predicting the sources people use to receive risk information. We follow the analysis by discussing this finding and its policy implications.4404 Development Studies (for-2020)4406 Human Geography (for-2020)44 Human Society (for-2020)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)11 Sustainable Cities and Communities (sdg)FloodsRisk communicationRisk informationSocial media0502 Environmental Science and Management (for)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1604 Human Geography (for)4404 Development studies (for-2020)4406 Human geography (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50f3p979https://escholarship.org/content/qt50f3p979/qt50f3p979.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.12.004articleInternational Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol 1543 - 51oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9qq420nn2026-06-14T19:39:07Zqt9qq420nnSearch for Higgs boson decays into a pair of light bosons in the bbμμ final state in pp collision at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2019-03-01A search for decays of the Higgs boson into a pair of new spin-zero particles, H → a a , where the a-bosons decay into a b-quark pair and a muon pair, is presented. The search uses 36.1 fb − 1 of proton–proton collision data at s = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the branching ratio ( σ H / σ SM ) × B ( H → a a → b b μ μ ) , ranging from 1.2 × 10 − 4 to 8.4 × 10 − 4 in the a-boson mass range of 20–60 GeV. Model-independent limits are set on the visible production cross-section times the branching ratio to the b b μ μ final state for new physics, σ vis ( X ) × B ( X → b b μ μ ) , ranging from 0.1 fb to 0.73 fb for m μ μ between 18 and 62 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qq420nninfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.073articlePhysics Letters B, vol 7901 - 21oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt446511hd2026-06-14T19:37:33Zqt446511hdSearch for vector-boson resonances decaying to a top quark and bottom quark in the lepton plus jets final state in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2019-01-01A search for new charged massive gauge bosons, W ′ , is performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data were collected in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb − 1 . This analysis searches for W ′ bosons in the W ′ → t b ¯ decay channel in final states with an electron or muon plus jets. The search covers resonance masses between 0.5 and 5.0 TeV and considers right-handed W ′ bosons. No significant deviation from the Standard Model (SM) expectation is observed and upper limits are set on the W ′ → t b ¯ cross section times branching ratio and the W ′ boson effective couplings as a function of the W ′ boson mass. For right-handed W ′ bosons with coupling to the SM particles equal to the SM weak coupling constant, masses below 3.15 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. This search is also combined with a previously published ATLAS result for W ′ → t b ¯ in the fully hadronic final state. Using the combined searches, right-handed W ′ bosons with masses below 3.25 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/446511hdinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.11.032articlePhysics Letters B, vol 788347 - 370oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3x70k7qv2026-06-14T19:37:24Zqt3x70k7qvEnergy dependence and fluctuations of anisotropic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 and 2.76 TeVThe ALICE collaborationAcharya, SAcosta, F T-Adamová, DAdolfsson, JAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAiola, SAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAlam, SNAlbuquerque, DSDAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, YAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltenkamper, LAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, DAndrews, HAAndronic, AAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAnson, CAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAnwar, RApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArnold, OWArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBatyunya, BBatzing, PCBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, IRBhatt, HBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, ABianchi, LBianchi, N2018-07-01Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients with two- and multi-particle cumulants for inclusive charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ and 2.76 TeV are reported in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.8 and transverse momentum 0.2 < pT < 50 GeV/c. The full data sample collected by the ALICE detector in 2015 (2010), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.7 (2.0) μb−1 in the centrality range 0-80%, is analysed. Flow coefficients up to the sixth flow harmonic (v6) are reported and a detailed comparison among results at the two energies is carried out. The pT dependence of anisotropic flow coefficients and its evolution with respect to centrality and harmonic number n are investigated. An approximate power-law scaling of the form vn(pT) ∼ pTn/3 is observed for all flow harmonics at low pT (0.2 < pT < 3 GeV/c). At the same time, the ratios vn/vmn/
m are observed to be essentially independent of pT for most centralities up to about pT = 10 GeV/c. Analysing the differences among higher-order cumulants of elliptic flow (v2), which have different sensitivities to flow fluctuations, a measurement of the standardised skewness of the event-by-event v2 distribution P(v2) is reported and constraints on its higher moments are provided. The Elliptic Power distribution is used to parametrise P(v2), extracting its parameters from fits to cumulants. The measurements are compared to different model predictions in order to discriminate among initial-state models and to constrain the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy-density ratio.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Heavy Ion Experiments0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x70k7qvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3x70k7qv/qt3x70k7qv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep07(2018)103articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 7103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2975565b2026-06-14T19:37:09Zqt2975565bTransverse spin transfer to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, N2018-11-01The transverse spin transfer from polarized protons to Λ and Λ¯ hyperons is expected to provide sensitivity to the transversity distribution of the nucleon and to the transversely polarized fragmentation functions. We report the first measurement of the transverse spin transfer to Λ and Λ¯ along the polarization direction of the fragmenting quark, DTT, in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 18 pb-1 and cover the pseudorapidity range |η|<1.2 and transverse momenta pT up to 8 GeV/c. The dependence on pT and η are presented. The DTT results are found to be comparable with a model prediction and are also consistent with zero within uncertainties.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2975565bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2975565b/qt2975565b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.091103articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 9091103oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2ht3m6xz2026-06-14T19:34:59Zqt2ht3m6xzMeasurement of the jet mass in highly boosted tt¯ events from pp collisions at s√=8 TeVSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAsilar, EBergauer, TBrandstetter, JBrondolin, EDragicevic, MErö, JFlechl, MFriedl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHartl, CHörmann, NHrubec, JJeitler, MKönig, AKrätschmer, ILiko, DMatsushita, TMikulec, IRabady, DRad, NRahbaran, BRohringer, HSchieck, JStrauss, JWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDvornikov, OMakarenko, VMossolov, VSuarez Gonzalez, JZykunov, VShumeiko, NAlderweireldt, SDe Wolf, EAJanssen, XLauwers, JVan De Klundert, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NVan Spilbeeck, AAbu Zeid, SBlekman, FD'Hondt, JDaci, NDe Bruyn, IDeroover, KLowette, SMoortgat, SMoreels, LOlbrechts, APython, QSkovpen, KTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Parijs, IBrun, HClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDelannoy, HFasanella, GFavart, LGoldouzian, RGrebenyuk, AKarapostoli, GLenzi, TLéonard, ALuetic, JMaerschalk, TMarinov, ARandle-Conde, ASeva, TVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DYonamine, RZenoni, FZhang, FCimmino, ACornelis, TDobur, DFagot, AGul, MKhvastunov, IPoyraz, DSalva, SSchöfbeck, RTytgat, MVan Driessche, WYazgan, EZaganidis, NBakhshiansohi, HBeluffi, CBondu, OBrochet, S2017-01-01The first measurement of the jet mass mjet of top quark jets produced in tt¯ events from pp collisions at s√=8 TeV is reported for the jet with the largest transverse momentum pT in highly boosted hadronic top quark decays. The data sample, collected with the CMS detector, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7fb−1. The measurement is performed in the lepton+jets channel in which the products of the semileptonic decay t→bW with W→ℓν where ℓ is an electron or muon, are used to select tt¯ events with large Lorentz boosts. The products of the fully hadronic decay t→bW with W→qq¯¯¯′ are reconstructed using a single Cambridge–Aachen jet with distance parameter R=1.2, and pT>400 GeV. The tt¯ cross section as a function of mjet is unfolded at the particle level and is used to test the modelling of highly boosted top quark production. The peak position of the mjet distribution is sensitive to the top quark mass mt, and the data are used to extract a value of mt to assess this sensitivity.CMS Collaboration5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMS CollaborationCMSPhysicsTop quark cross sectionTop quark mass0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ht3m6xzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2ht3m6xz/qt2ht3m6xz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5030-3articleThe European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields, vol 77, iss 7467 - 467oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7hw2n0v72026-06-14T19:34:50Zqt7hw2n0v7On the Feynman-Hellmann theorem in quantum field theory and the calculation of matrix elementsBouchard, ChrisChang, Chia Cheng張家丞Kurth, ThorstenOrginos, KostasWalker-Loud, André2017-07-01The Feynman-Hellmann theorem can be derived from the long Euclidean-time limit of correlation functions determined with functional derivatives of the partition function. Using this insight, we fully develop an improved method for computing matrix elements of external currents utilizing only two-point correlation functions. Our method applies to matrix elements of any external bilinear current, including nonzero momentum transfer, flavor-changing, and two or more current insertion matrix elements. The ability to identify and control all the systematic uncertainties in the analysis of the correlation functions stems from the unique time dependence of the ground-state matrix elements and the fact that all excited states and contact terms are Euclidean-time dependent. We demonstrate the utility of our method with a calculation of the nucleon axial charge using gradient-flowed domain-wall valence quarks on the Nf=2+1+1 MILC highly improved staggered quark ensemble with lattice spacing and pion mass of approximately 0.15 fm and 310 MeV respectively. We show full control over excited-state systematics with the new method and obtain a value of gA=1.213(26) with a quark-mass-dependent renormalization coefficient.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-lathep-lathep-phnucl-thNSD-Nuclear Theory (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hw2n0v7https://escholarship.org/content/qt7hw2n0v7/qt7hw2n0v7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.96.014504articlePhysical Review D, vol 96, iss 1014504oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt14z1h9gr2026-06-14T19:34:45Zqt14z1h9grWeb‐based visual data exploration for improved radiological source detectionWeber, Gunther HBandstra, Mark SChivers, Daniel HElgammal, Hamdy HHendrix, ValerieKua, JohnMaltz, Jonathan SMuriki, KrishnaOng, YeongshnnSong, KaiQuinlan, Michael JRamakrishnan, LavanyaQuiter, Brian J2017-09-25Summary Radiation detection can provide a reliable means of detecting radiological material. Such capabilities can help to prevent nuclear and/or radiological attacks, but reliable detection in uncontrolled surroundings requires algorithms that account for environmental background radiation. The Berkeley Data Cloud (BDC) facilitates the development of such methods by providing a framework to capture, store, analyze, and share data sets. In the era of big data, both the size and variety of data make it difficult to explore and find data sets of interest and manage the data. Thus, in the context of big data, visualization is critical for checking data consistency and validity, identifying gaps in data coverage, searching for data relevant to an analyst's use cases, and choosing input parameters for analysis. Downloading the data and exploring it on an analyst's desktop using traditional tools are no longer feasible due to the size of the data. This paper describes the design and implementation of a visualization system that addresses the problems associated with data exploration within the context of the BDC. The visualization system is based on a JavaScript front end communicating via REST with a back end web server.4605 Data Management and Data Science (for-2020)46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)visualizationdatabasesdata storage and indexingweb-based systemdata integrationNSD-Applied Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing (for)0803 Computer Software (for)0805 Distributed Computing (for)Distributed Computing (science-metrix)46 Information and computing sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/14z1h9grhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt14z1h9gr/qt14z1h9gr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1002/cpe.4203articleConcurrency and Computation Practice and Experience, vol 29, iss 18e4203 - e4203oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8500134v2026-06-14T19:34:41Zqt8500134vImpact of tool design on defect detection sensitivity in extreme ultraviolet actinic blank inspectionWang, Yow-GwoNeureuther, Andrew RNaulleau, Patrick P2017-05-16We discuss the impact of various tool design perspectives on defect detection sensitivity for dark-field-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) actinic blank inspection. We consider the impact of pixel size, EUV source type, and photon collection efficiency on critical defect signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance. The results show that as the pixel size approaches the target defect image size, defect SNR increases, and that pixel size also determines the dominant noise source in the inspection system. Moreover, the choice of the EUV source affects the optimal numerical aperture (NA) and illumination settings. For plasma-discharged sources, more photons provided by larger partial coherent illumination can improve the defect SNR, while coherent illumination is needed to get a higher defect SNR for synchrotron-based source. In the end, we show that simply increasing the photon collection efficiency by using high-NA optics or increasing the source power cannot always improve the defect SNR. In a speckle-noise dominated situation, larger outer NA includes more noise than defect signal, thus resulting in a lower SNR. The impact of source power also saturates at a certain level as the system becomes speckle-noise limited compared to photon-noise limited.4006 Communications Engineering (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographyEUV actinic blank inspectioncompact synchrotrondischarge-produced plasmaoptical designsignal-to-noise ratio0205 Optical Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (science-metrix)4009 Electronicssensors and digital hardware (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8500134vinfo:doi/10.1117/1.jmm.16.2.023502multimediaJournal of Micro/Nanopatterning Materials and Metrology, vol 16, iss 2023502 - 023502oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5z9344202026-06-14T19:34:36Zqt5z934420Advances in Cross-Cutting Ideas for Computational Climate ScienceNg, EsmondEvans, Katherine JCaldwell, PeterHoffman, Forrest MJackson, CharlesKerstin, Van DamLeung, RubyMartin, Daniel FOstrouchov, GeorgeTuminaro, RaymondUllrich, PaulWild, SWilliams, Samuel2017-01-01This report presents results from the DOE-sponsored workshop titled,
Advancing X-Cutting Ideas for Computational Climate Science Workshop,'' known as AXICCS, held on September 12--13, 2016 in Rockville, MD. The workshop brought together experts in climate science, computational climate science, computer science, and mathematics to discuss interesting but unsolved science questions regarding climate modeling and simulation, promoted collaboration among the diverse scientists in attendance, and brainstormed about possible tools and capabilities that could be developed to help address them. Emerged from discussions at the workshop were several research opportunities that the group felt could advance climate science significantly. These include (1) process-resolving models to provide insight into important processes and features of interest and inform the development of advanced physical parameterizations, (2) a community effort to develop and provide integrated model credibility, (3) including, organizing, and managing increasingly connected model components that increase model fidelity yet complexity, and (4) treating Earth system models as one interconnected organism without numerical or data based boundaries that limit interactions. The group also identified several cross-cutting advances in mathematics, computer science, and computational science that would be needed to enable one or more of these big ideas. It is critical to address the need for organized, verified, and optimized software, which enables the models to grow and continue to provide solutions in which the community can have confidence. Effectively utilizing the newest computer hardware enables simulation efficiency and the ability to handle output from increasingly complex and detailed models. This will be accomplished through hierarchical multiscale algorithms in tandem with new strategies for data handling, analysis, and storage. These big ideas and cross-cutting technologies for enabling breakthrough climate simulation advancements also need the "glue" of outreach and learning across the scientific domains to be successful. The workshop identified several strategies to allow productive, continuous engagement across those who have a broad knowledge of the various angles of the problem. Specific ideas to foster education and tools to make material progress were discussed. Examples include follow-on cross-cutting meetings that enable unstructured discussions of the types this workshop fostered. A concerted effort to recruit undergraduate and graduate students from all relevant domains and provide them experience, training, and networking across their immediate expertise is needed. This will broaden and expand their exposure to the future needs and solutions, and provide a pipeline of scientists with a diversity of knowledge and know-how. Providing real-world experience with subject matter experts from multiple angles may also motivate the students to attack these problems and even come up with the missing solutions.application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z934420https://escholarship.org/content/qt5z934420/qt5z934420.pdfinfo:doi/10.2172/1341564articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt744479dp2026-06-14T19:34:22Zqt744479dpStorage 2020: A Vision for the Future of HPC StorageLockwood, GKHazen, DKoziol, QCanon, RSAntypas, KBalewski, JBalthaser, NBhimji, WBotts, JBroughton, JButler, TLButler, GFCheema, RDaley, CDeclerck, TGerhardt, LHurlbert, WEKallback-Rose, KALeak, SLee, JLee, RLiu, JLozinskiy, KPaul, DPrabhatSnavely, CSrinivasan, JStone Gibbins, TWright, NJ2017-10-20hpcmass storagedata managementapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/744479dphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt744479dp/qt744479dp.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5xw0h0t12026-06-14T19:34:16Zqt5xw0h0t1Erratum to: Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collision data at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAtlas CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2017-08-01In the original paper, Fig. 4 contains the wrong label preliminary. The label has been fixed, while none of the results have changed.(Table Presented.).5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xw0h0t1https://escholarship.org/content/qt5xw0h0t1/qt5xw0h0t1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5089-xarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 8564oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5532m5pv2026-06-14T19:33:33Zqt5532m5pvMeasurement of the exclusive γγ → μ + μ − process in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2018-02-01The production of exclusive γ γ → μ + μ − events in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. The measurement is performed for a dimuon invariant mass of 12 GeV < m μ + μ − < 70 GeV . The integrated cross-section is determined within a fiducial acceptance region of the ATLAS detector and differential cross-sections are measured as a function of the dimuon invariant mass. The results are compared to theoretical predictions both with and without corrections for absorptive effects.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5532m5pvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5532m5pv/qt5532m5pv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.043articlePhysics Letters B, vol 777303 - 323oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9tk1s8qz2026-06-14T19:31:24Zqt9tk1s8qzLandscape topography structures the soil microbiome in arctic polygonal tundraTaş, NeslihanPrestat, EmmanuelWang, ShiWu, YuxinUlrich, CraigKneafsey, TimothyTringe, Susannah GTorn, Margaret SHubbard, Susan SJansson, Janet K2018-01-01In the Arctic, environmental factors governing microbial degradation of soil carbon (C) in active layer and permafrost are poorly understood. Here we determined the functional potential of soil microbiomes horizontally and vertically across a cryoperturbed polygonal landscape in Alaska. With comparative metagenomics, genome binning of novel microbes, and gas flux measurements we show that microbial greenhouse gas (GHG) production is strongly correlated to landscape topography. Active layer and permafrost harbor contrasting microbiomes, with increasing amounts of Actinobacteria correlating with decreasing soil C in permafrost. While microbial functions such as fermentation and methanogenesis were dominant in wetter polygons, in drier polygons genes for C mineralization and CH4 oxidation were abundant. The active layer microbiome was poised to assimilate N and not to release N2O, reflecting low N2O flux measurements. These results provide mechanistic links of microbial metabolism to GHG fluxes that are needed for the refinement of model predictions.3107 Microbiology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)41 Environmental Sciences (for-2020)Microbiome (rcdc)13 Climate Action (sdg)Arctic Regions (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Methane (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Permafrost (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Tundra (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Methane (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Tundra (mesh)Permafrost (mesh)Arctic Regions (mesh)Bacteria (mesh)Carbon (mesh)Climate Change (mesh)Methane (mesh)Microbiota (mesh)Permafrost (mesh)Soil (mesh)Soil Microbiology (mesh)Tundra (mesh)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tk1s8qzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9tk1s8qz/qt9tk1s8qz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41467-018-03089-zarticleNature Communications, vol 9, iss 1777oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40d0s1r92026-06-14T19:30:57Zqt40d0s1r9Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging SurveysDey, ArjunSchlegel, David JLang, DustinBlum, RobertBurleigh, KaylanFan, XiaohuiFindlay, Joseph RFinkbeiner, DougHerrera, DavidJuneau, StéphanieLandriau, MartinLevi, MichaelMcGreer, IanMeisner, AaronMyers, Adam DMoustakas, JohnNugent, PeterPatej, AnnaSchlafly, Edward FWalker, Alistair RValdes, FranciscoWeaver, Benjamin AYèche, ChristopheZou, HuZhou, XuAbareshi, BehzadAbbott, TMCAbolfathi, BelaAguilera, CAlam, ShadabAllen, LoriAlvarez, AAnnis, JamesAnsarinejad, BehzadAubert, MarieBeechert, JacquelineBell, Eric FBenZvi, Segev YBeutler, FlorianBielby, Richard MBolton, Adam SBriceño, CésarBuckley-Geer, Elizabeth JButler, KarenCalamida, AnnalisaCarlberg, Raymond GCarter, PaulCasas, RicardCastander, Francisco JChoi, YumiComparat, JohanCukanovaite, ElenaDelubac, TimothéeDeVries, KaitlinDey, SharmilaDhungana, GovindaDickinson, MarkDing, ZhejieDonaldson, John BDuan, YutongDuckworth, Christopher JEftekharzadeh, SarahEisenstein, Daniel JEtourneau, ThomasFagrelius, Parker AFarihi, JayFitzpatrick, MikeFont-Ribera, AndreuFulmer, LeahGänsicke, Boris TGaztanaga, EnriqueGeorge, KoshyGerdes, David WGontcho, Satya Gontcho AGorgoni, ClaudioGreen, GregoryGuy, JulienHarmer, DianeHernandez, MHonscheid, KlausHuang, LijuanJames, David JJannuzi, Buell TJiang, LinhuaJoyce, RichardKarcher, ArminKarkar, SoniaKehoe, RobertJean-Paul, KneibKueter-Young, AndreaLan, Ting-WenLauer, Tod RLe Guillou, LaurentLe Van Suu, AugusteLee, Jae HyeonLesser, MichaelLevasseur, Laurence PerreaultLi, Ting SMann, Justin LMarshall, Robert2019-05-01The DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (http://legacysurvey.org/) are a combination of three public projects (the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey, the Beijing–Arizona Sky Survey, and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey) that will jointly image ≈14,000 deg2 of the extragalactic sky visible from the northern hemisphere in three optical bands (g, r, and z) using telescopes at the Kitt Peak National Observatory and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The combined survey footprint is split into two contiguous areas by the Galactic plane. The optical imaging is conducted using a unique strategy of dynamically adjusting the exposure times and pointing selection during observing that results in a survey of nearly uniform depth. In addition to calibrated images, the project is delivering a catalog, constructed by using a probabilistic inference-based approach to estimate source shapes and brightnesses. The catalog includes photometry from the grz optical bands and from four mid-infrared bands (at 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22 μm) observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer satellite during its full operational lifetime. The project plans two public data releases each year. All the software used to generate the catalogs is also released with the data. This paper provides an overview of the Legacy Surveys project.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Biomedical Imaging (rcdc)catalogssurveysastro-ph.IMastro-ph.IM0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40d0s1r9https://escholarship.org/content/qt40d0s1r9/qt40d0s1r9.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ab089darticleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 157, iss 5168oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7mb0h14t2026-06-14T19:30:49Zqt7mb0h14tA Study of Clustering Techniques and Hierarchical Matrix Formats for Kernel Ridge RegressionRebrova, ElizavetaChavez, GustavoLiu, YangGhysels, PieterLit, Xiaoye Sherry2018-05-01We present memory-efficient and scalable algorithms for kernel methods used in machine learning. Using hierarchical matrix approximations for the kernel matrix the memory requirements, the number of floating point operations, and the execution time are drastically reduced compared to standard dense linear algebra routines. We consider both the general$\mathcal{H}$ matrix hierarchical format as well as Hierarchically Semi-Separable (HSS) matrices. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of several preprocessing and clustering techniques on the hierarchical matrix compression. Effective clustering of the input leads to a ten-fold increase in efficiency of the compression. The algorithms are implemented using the STRUMPACK solver library. These results confirm that - with correct tuning of the hyperparameters - classification using kernel ridge regression with the compressed matrix does not lose prediction accuracy compared to the exact - not compressed - kernel matrix and that our approach can be extended to$\mathcal{O}(1M)$ datasets, for which computation with the full kernel matrix becomes prohibitively expensive. We present numerical experiments in a distributed memory environment up to 1,024 processors of the NERSC's Cori supercomputer using well-known datasets to the machine learning community that range from dimension 8 up to 784.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4611 Machine Learning (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)cs.LGcs.LGstat.MLapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mb0h14thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7mb0h14t/qt7mb0h14t.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/ipdpsw.2018.00140article2018 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS (IPDPSW 2018), vol abs/1803.10274883 - 892oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt74q8r7982026-06-14T19:13:54Zqt74q8r798Measurement of the differential cross section for top quark pair production in pp collisions at s=8TeVKhachatryan, VSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WBergauer, TDragicevic, MErö, JFriedl, MFrühwirth, RGhete, VMHartl, CHörmann, NHrubec, JJeitler, MKiesenhofer, WKnünz, VKrammer, MKrätschmer, ILiko, DMikulec, IRabady, DRahbaran, BRohringer, HSchöfbeck, RStrauss, JTreberer-Treberspurg, WWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EMossolov, VShumeiko, NGonzalez, J SuarezAlderweireldt, SBansal, MBansal, SCornelis, TDe Wolf, EAJanssen, XKnutsson, ALuyckx, SOchesanu, SRougny, RVan De Klundert, MVan Haevermaet, HVan Mechelen, PVan Remortel, NVan Spilbeeck, ABlekman, FBlyweert, SD’Hondt, JDaci, NHeracleous, NKeaveney, JLowette, SMaes, MOlbrechts, APython, QStrom, DTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PVan Onsem, GPVillella, ICaillol, CClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GDobur, DFavart, LGay, APRGrebenyuk, ALéonard, AMohammadi, APerniè, LReis, TSeva, TThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PWang, JZenoni, FAdler, VBeernaert, KBenucci, LCimmino, ACostantini, SCrucy, SDildick, SFagot, AGarcia, GMccartin, JRios, AA OcampoRyckbosch, DDiblen, S SalvaSigamani, MStrobbe, NThyssen, FTytgat, MYazgan, EZaganidis, NBasegmez, SBeluffi, C2015-11-01The normalized differential cross section for top quark pair ([Formula: see text]) production is measured in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8[Formula: see text] at the CERN LHC using the CMS detector in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7[Formula: see text]. The measurements are performed in the lepton[Formula: see text]jets ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]jets) and in the dilepton ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) decay channels. The [Formula: see text] cross section is measured as a function of the kinematic properties of the charged leptons, the jets associated to b quarks, the top quarks, and the [Formula: see text] system. The data are compared with several predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamic up to approximate next-to-next-to-leading-order precision. No significant deviations are observed relative to the standard model predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/74q8r798https://escholarship.org/content/qt74q8r798/qt74q8r798.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3709-xarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 11542oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt48c1v6zd2026-06-14T19:12:54Zqt48c1v6zdConstraints on non-Standard Model Higgs boson interactions in an effective Lagrangian using differential cross sections measured in the H→γγ decay channel at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2016-02-01The strength and tensor structure of the Higgs boson's interactions are investigated using an effective Lagrangian, which introduces additional CP-even and CP-odd interactions that lead to changes in the kinematic properties of the Higgs boson and associated jet spectra with respect to the Standard Model. The parameters of the effective Lagrangian are probed using a fit to five differential cross sections previously measured by the ATLAS experiment in the H→γγ decay channel with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 at s=8 TeV. In order to perform a simultaneous fit to the five distributions, the statistical correlations between them are determined by re-analysing the H→γγ candidate events in the proton–proton collision data. No significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed and limits on the effective Lagrangian parameters are derived. The statistical correlations are made publicly available to allow for future analysis of theories with non-Standard Model interactions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/48c1v6zdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt48c1v6zd/qt48c1v6zd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.11.071articlePhysics Letters B, vol 75369 - 85oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0h33671r2026-06-14T19:12:44Zqt0h33671rSearch for lepton-flavour-violating H → μτ decays of the Higgs boson with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2015-11-01A direct search for lepton-flavour-violating H → μτ decays of the recently discovered Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The analysis is performed in the H → μτhad channel, where τhad is a hadronically decaying τ -lepton. The search is based on the data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV. No statistically significant excess of data over the predicted background is observed. The observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limit on the branching fraction, Br(H → μτ ), is 1.85% (1.24%).5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron ScatteringBeyond Standard ModelHiggs physicsLepton productionhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h33671rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0h33671r/qt0h33671r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep11(2015)211articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 11211oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9p5369wv2026-06-14T19:11:48Zqt9p5369wvMeasurement of jet charge in dijet events from s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, AArtoni, G2016-03-01The momentum-weighted sum of the charges of tracks associated to a jet is sensitive to the charge of the initiating quark or gluon. This paper presents a measurement of the distribution of momentum-weighted sums, called jet charge, in dijet events using 20.3 fb-1 of data recorded with the ATLAS detector at s=8 TeV in pp collisions at the LHC. The jet charge distribution is unfolded to remove distortions from detector effects and the resulting particle-level distribution is compared with several models. The pT dependence of the jet charge distribution average and standard deviation are compared to predictions obtained with several leading-order and next-to-leading-order parton distribution functions. The data are also compared to different Monte Carlo simulations of QCD dijet production using various settings of the free parameters within these models. The chosen value of the strong coupling constant used to calculate gluon radiation is found to have a significant impact on the predicted jet charge. There is evidence for a pT dependence of the jet charge distribution for a given jet flavor. In agreement with perturbative QCD predictions, the data show that the average jet charge of quark-initiated jets decreases in magnitude as the energy of the jet increases.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p5369wvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9p5369wv/qt9p5369wv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.93.052003articlePhysical Review D, vol 93, iss 5052003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt813781gr2026-06-14T19:11:28Zqt813781grSearch for direct top squark pair production in final states with two tau leptons in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAtlas CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2016-02-01A search for direct pair production of the supersymmetric partner of the top quark, decaying via a scalar tau to a nearly massless gravitino, has been performed using 20 fb[Formula: see text] of proton-proton collision data at [Formula: see text]. The data were collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. Top squark candidates are searched for in events with either two hadronically decaying tau leptons, one hadronically decaying tau and one light lepton, or two light leptons. No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is found. Exclusion limits at [Formula: see text] confidence level are set as a function of the top squark and scalar tau masses. Depending on the scalar tau mass, ranging from the [Formula: see text] LEP limit to the top squark mass, lower limits between 490 and [Formula: see text] are placed on the top squark mass within the model considered.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Atlas Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/813781grhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt813781gr/qt813781gr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3897-zarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 281oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2pc320c22026-06-14T19:11:06Zqt2pc320c2Measurement of the charge asymmetry in highly boosted top-quark pair production in s=8 TeV pp collision data collected by the ATLAS experimentCollaboration, ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2016-05-01In the pp→tt¯ process the angular distributions of top and anti-top quarks are expected to present a subtle difference, which could be enhanced by processes not included in the Standard Model. This Letter presents a measurement of the charge asymmetry in events where the top-quark pair is produced with a large invariant mass. The analysis is performed on 20.3 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=8TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, using reconstruction techniques specifically designed for the decay topology of highly boosted top quarks. The charge asymmetry in a fiducial region with large invariant mass of the top-quark pair (mtt¯>0.75 TeV) and an absolute rapidity difference of the top and anti-top quark candidates within −2<|yt|−|yt¯|<2 is measured to be 4.2±3.2%, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading order. A differential measurement in three tt¯ mass bins is also presented.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pc320c2https://escholarship.org/content/qt2pc320c2/qt2pc320c2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.02.055articlePhysics Letters B, vol 756, iss 652 - 71oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1rf664842026-06-14T19:09:58Zqt1rf66484A search for prompt lepton-jets in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2016-02-01A search is presented for a new, light boson with a mass of about 1 GeV and decaying promptly to jets of collimated electrons and/or muons (lepton-jets). The analysis is performed with 20.3 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. Events are required to contain at least two lepton-jets. This study finds no statistically significant deviation from predictions of the Standard Model and places 95% confidence-level upper limits on the contribution of new phenomena beyond the SM, incuding SUSY-portal and Higgs-portal models, on the number of events with lepton-jets.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rf66484https://escholarship.org/content/qt1rf66484/qt1rf66484.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep02(2016)062articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2016, iss 262oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt43z9102c2026-06-14T19:03:59Zqt43z9102cComprehensive measurements of t-channel single top-quark production cross sections at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, V2014-12-01This article presents measurements of the t-channel single top-quark (t) and top-antiquark (t¯) total production cross sections σ(tq) and σ(t¯q), their ratio Rt=σ(tq)/σ(t¯q), and a measurement of the inclusive production cross section σ(tq+t¯q) in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV at the LHC. Differential cross sections for the tq and t¯q processes are measured as a function of the transverse momentum and the absolute value of the rapidity of t and t¯, respectively. The analyzed data set was recorded with the ATLAS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.59 fb−1. Selected events contain one charged lepton, large missing transverse momentum, and two or three jets. The cross sections are measured by performing a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the output distributions of neural networks. The resulting measurements are σ(tq)=46±1(stat)±6(syst) pb, σ(t¯q)=23±1(stat)±3(syst) pb, Rt=2.04±0.13(stat)±0.12(syst), and σ(tq+t¯q)=68±2(stat)±8(syst) pb, consistent with the Standard Model expectation. The uncertainty on the measured cross sections is dominated by systematic uncertainties, while the uncertainty on Rt is mainly statistical. Using the ratio of σ(tq+t¯q) to its theoretical prediction, and assuming that the top-quark-related CKM matrix elements obey the relation |Vtb|≫|Vts|,|Vtd|, we determine |Vtb|=1.02±0.07.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/43z9102chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt43z9102c/qt43z9102c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.90.112006articlePhysical Review D, vol 90, iss 11112006oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9kz2x99x2026-06-14T19:03:49Zqt9kz2x99xSearch for top squark pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in s = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-11-01The results of a search for top squark (stop) pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum are reported. The analysis is performed with proton-proton collision data at s$$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. The lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is taken to be the lightest neutralino which only interacts weakly and is assumed to be stable. The stop decay modes considered are those to a top quark and the LSP as well as to a bottom quark and the lightest chargino, where the chargino decays to the LSP by emitting a W boson. A wide range of scenarios with different mass splittings between the stop, the lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino are considered, including cases where the W bosons or the top quarks are off-shell. Decay modes involving the heavier charginos and neutralinos are addressed using a set of phenomenological models of supersymmetry. No significant excess over the Standard Model prediction is observed. A stop with a mass between 210 and 640 GeV decaying directly to a top quark and a massless LSP is excluded at 95% confidence level, and in models where the mass of the lightest chargino is twice that of the LSP, stops are excluded at 95% confidence level up to a mass of 500 GeV for an LSP mass in the range of 100 to 150 GeV. Stringent exclusion limits are also derived for all other stop decay modes considered, and model-independent upper limits are set on the visible cross-section for processes beyond the Standard Model.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron Scatteringproton-proton scatteringsupersymmetrytop squarkhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kz2x99xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9kz2x99x/qt9kz2x99x.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep11(2014)118articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2014, iss 11118oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt33b0451v2026-06-14T19:03:38Zqt33b0451vSearch for the direct production of charginos, neutralinos and staus in final states with at least two hadronically decaying taus and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-10-01Results of a search for the electroweak associated production of charginos and next-to-lightest neutralinos, pairs of charginos or pairs of tau sleptons are presented. These processes are characterised by final states with at least two hadronically decaying tau leptons, missing transverse momentum and low jet activity. The analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess is observed with respect to the predictions from Standard Model processes. Limits are set at 95% confidence level on the masses of the lighter chargino and next-to-lightest neutralino for various hypotheses for the lightest neutralino mass in simplified models. In the scenario of direct production of chargino pairs, with each chargino decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate tau slepton, chargino masses up to 345 GeV are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino. For associated production of mass-degenerate charginos and next-to-lightest neutralinos, both decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate tau slepton, masses up to 410 GeV are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron ScatteringHadron-Hadron scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/33b0451vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt33b0451v/qt33b0451v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep10(2014)096articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2014, iss 1096oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt620321qn2026-06-14T19:03:26Zqt620321qnMeasurement of flow harmonics with multi-particle cumulants in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detectorATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-11-01ATLAS measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76$$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}=2.76$$ TeV are shown using a dataset of approximately 7 μ$$\upmu $$b-1$$^{-1}$$ collected at the LHC in 2010. The measurements are performed for charged particles with transverse momenta 0.55106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/620321qnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt620321qn/qt620321qn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3157-zarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 74, iss 113157oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt80v5h2032026-06-14T19:02:52Zqt80v5h203Search for contact interactions and large extra dimensions in the dilepton channel using proton–proton collisions at s= 8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-12-01A search is conducted for non-resonant new phenomena in dielectron and dimuon final states, originating from either contact interactions or large extra spatial dimensions. The LHC 2012 proton–proton collision dataset recorded by the ATLAS detector is used, corresponding to 20 fb-1$$^{-1}$$ at s$$\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 TeV. The dilepton invariant mass spectrum is a discriminating variable in both searches, with the contact interaction search additionally utilizing the dilepton forward-backward asymmetry. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed. Lower limits are set on the ℓℓqq$$\ell \ell q q$$ contact interaction scale Λ$$\Lambda $$ between 15.4 TeV and 26.3 TeV, at the 95 % credibility level. For large extra spatial dimensions, lower limits are set on the string scale MS$$M_\mathrm{S}$$ between 3.2 TeV to 5.0 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/80v5h203https://escholarship.org/content/qt80v5h203/qt80v5h203.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3134-6articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 74, iss 123134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9xr7p35z2026-06-14T19:02:41Zqt9xr7p35zMeasurement of the production and lepton charge asymmetry of W bosons in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, V2015-01-01A measurement of [Formula: see text] boson production in lead-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] is presented. It is based on the analysis of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.14 [Formula: see text] and 0.15 [Formula: see text] in the muon and electron decay channels, respectively. The differential production yields and lepton charge asymmetry are each measured as a function of the average number of participating nucleons [Formula: see text] and absolute pseudorapidity of the charged lepton. The results are compared to predictions based on next-to-leading-order QCD calculations. These measurements are, in principle, sensitive to possible nuclear modifications to the parton distribution functions and also provide information on scaling of [Formula: see text] boson production in multi-nucleon systems.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-exnucl-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xr7p35zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9xr7p35z/qt9xr7p35z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3231-6articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 123oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8690j7r22026-06-14T19:02:29Zqt8690j7r2Measurement of the tt¯ production cross-section as a function of jet multiplicity and jet transverse momentum in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2015-01-01The tt¯$$ t\overline{t} $$ production cross-section dependence on jet multiplicity and jet transverse momentum is reported for proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in the single-lepton channel. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and comprise the full 2011 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1. Differential cross-sections are presented as a function of the jet multiplicity for up to eight jets using jet transverse momentum thresholds of 25, 40, 60, and 80 GeV, and as a function of jet transverse momentum up to the fifth jet. The results are shown after background subtraction and corrections for all known detector effects, within a kinematic range closely matched to the experimental acceptance. Several QCD-based Monte Carlo models are compared with the results. Sensitivity to the parton shower modelling is found at the higher jet multiplicities, at high transverse momentum of the leading jet and in the transverse momentum spectrum of the fifth leading jet. The MC@NLO+HERWIG MC is found to predict too few events at higher jet multiplicities.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron Scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8690j7r2https://escholarship.org/content/qt8690j7r2/qt8690j7r2.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep01(2015)020articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 120oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0249w1mf2026-06-14T19:01:29Zqt0249w1mfSearch for Higgs Boson Pair Production in the γγbb¯ Final State Using pp Collision Data at s=8 TeV from the ATLAS DetectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, V2015-02-27Searches are performed for resonant and nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in the γγbb[over ¯] final state using 20 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. A 95% confidence level upper limit on the cross section times branching ratio of nonresonant production is set at 2.2 pb, while the expected limit is 1.0 pb. The difference derives from a modest excess of events, corresponding to 2.4 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. The limit observed in the search for a narrow X→hh resonance ranges between 0.7 and 3.5 pb as a function of the resonance mass.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)(ATLAS Collaboration)(ATLAS Collaboration)hep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0249w1mfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0249w1mf/qt0249w1mf.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.114.081802articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 114, iss 8081802oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7327k8qz2026-06-14T19:01:20Zqt7327k8qzClimate Variability and ChangeMagnusdottir, GBarron, EJPenner, JECarbone, GCoakley, JAGille, STJezek, KCLean, JLMalanotte-Rizzoli, POppenheimer, MParkinson, CLPrather, MJSchoeberl, MRTapley, BDNational Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Earth Science and Applications from Space: A Community Assessment and Strategy for the Future.2007-01-01To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and ...ScienceEarth sciences -- Research -- United States.Environmental sciences -- Remote sensing.Artificial satellites in earth sciences -- United States.Global environmental change -- Remote sensing.Environmental monitoring -- Remote sensing.Artificial satellites in remote sensing.SCIENCE -- Earth Sciences -- General.SCIENCE -- Physics -- Geophysics.CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7327k8qzchapteroai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3qh6w83h2026-06-14T19:01:01Zqt3qh6w83hSimultaneous measurements of the tt¯, W+W-, and Z/γ*→ττ production cross-sections in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, V2015-03-01Simultaneous measurements of the tt¯, W+W-, and Z/γ*→ττ production cross-sections using an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb-1 of pp collisions at s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Events are selected with two high transverse momentum leptons consisting of an oppositely charged electron and muon pair. The three processes are separated using the distributions of the missing transverse momentum of events with zero and greater than zero jet multiplicities. Measurements of the fiducial cross-section are presented along with results that quantify for the first time the underlying correlations in the predicted and measured cross-sections due to proton parton distribution functions. These results indicate that the correlated next-to-leading-order predictions for tt¯ and Z/γ*→ττ underestimate the data, while those at next-to-next-to-leading-order generally describe the data well. The full cross-sections are measured to be σ(tt¯)=181.2±2.8-9.5+9.7±3.3±3.3 pb, σ(W+W-)=53.3±2.7-8.0+7.3±1.0±0.5 pb, and σ(Z/γ*→ττ)=1174±24-87+72±21±9 pb, where the cited uncertainties are due to statistics, systematic effects, luminosity and the LHC beam energy measurement, respectively. The W+W- measurement includes the small contribution from Higgs boson decays, H→W+W-.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qh6w83hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3qh6w83h/qt3qh6w83h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.91.052005articlePhysical Review D, vol 91, iss 5052005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1qd7g1sb2026-06-14T19:00:52Zqt1qd7g1sbMeasurements of the W production cross sections in association with jets with the ATLAS detectorATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2015-02-01This paper presents cross sections for the production of a W$$W$$ boson in association with jets, measured in proton–proton collisions at s=7TeV$$\sqrt{s}=7\,\mathrm {TeV}$$ with the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider. With an integrated luminosity of 4.6fb-1$$4.6\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$$, this data set allows for an exploration of a large kinematic range, including jet production up to a transverse momentum of 1TeV$$1 \,\mathrm {TeV}$$ and multiplicities up to seven associated jets. The production cross sections for W$$W$$ bosons are measured in both the electron and muon decay channels. Differential cross sections for many observables are also presented including measurements of the jet observables such as the rapidities and the transverse momenta as well as measurements of event observables such as the scalar sums of the transverse momenta of the jets. The measurements are compared to numerous QCD predictions including next-to-leading-order perturbative calculations, resummation calculations and Monte Carlo generators.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qd7g1sbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1qd7g1sb/qt1qd7g1sb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3262-7articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 75, iss 282oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5gv3s30q2026-06-14T19:00:28Zqt5gv3s30qSearches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeVThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2015-01-01Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles are performed using a data sample of 19.1 fb−1 from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess is observed above the estimated background and limits are placed on the mass of long-lived particles in various supersymmetric models. Long-lived tau sleptons in models with gauge-mediated symmetry breaking are excluded up to masses between 440 and 385 GeV for tan β between 10 and 50, with a 290 GeV limit in the case where only direct tau slepton production is considered. In the context of simplified LeptoSUSY models, where sleptons are stable and have a mass of 300 GeV, squark and gluino masses are excluded up to a mass of 1500 and 1360 GeV, respectively. Directly produced charginos, in simplified models where they are nearly degenerate to the lightest neutralino, are excluded up to a mass of 620 GeV. R-hadrons, composites containing a gluino, bottom squark or top squark, are excluded up to a mass of 1270, 845 and 900 GeV, respectively, using the full detector; and up to a mass of 1260, 835 and 870 GeV using an approach disregarding information from the muon spectrometer.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron Scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gv3s30qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5gv3s30q/qt5gv3s30q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep01(2015)068articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 168oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3rm7p3rx2026-06-14T19:00:09Zqt3rm7p3rxTransverse momentum dependence of inclusive primary charged-particle production in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeVAbelev, BAdam, JAdamová, DAggarwal, MMAgnello, MAgostinelli, AAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhmad, NAhmed, IAhn, SUAhn, SAAimo, IAiola, SAjaz, MAkindinov, AAlam, SNAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlexandre, DAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltinpinar, SAltsybeev, IAlves Garcia Prado, CAndrei, CAndronic, AAnguelov, VAnielski, JAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArmesto, NArnaldi, RAronsson, TArsene, ICArslandok, MAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAwes, TCAzmi, MDBach, MBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABaltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, FBaral, RCBarbera, RBarile, FBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartke, JBasile, MBastid, NBasu, SBathen, BBatigne, GBatista Camejo, ABatyunya, BBatzing, PCBaumann, CBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBellwied, RBelmont-Moreno, EBelmont, RBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBerceanu, IBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBerger, MEBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhasin, ABhat, IRBhati, AKBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, LBianchi, NBianchin, CBielčík, JBielčíková, J2014-09-01The transverse momentum (pT$$p_{\mathrm T}$$) distribution of primary charged particles is measured at midrapidity in minimum-bias p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}=5.02$$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC in the range 0.155106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rm7p3rxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3rm7p3rx/qt3rm7p3rx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3054-5articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 74, iss 93054oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6857309f2026-06-14T18:59:42Zqt6857309fEstimation of the Standardized Risk Difference and Ratio in a Competing Risks Framework: Application to Injection Drug Use and Progression to AIDS After Initiation of Antiretroviral TherapyCole, SRLau, BEron, JJBrookhart, MAKitahata, MMMartin, JNMathews, WCMugavero, MJfor the CNICS Research NetworkCole, SRBrookhart, MALau, BEron, JJKitahata, MMMartin, JNMathews, WCMugavero, MJ2015-02-15There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy between 1998 and 2012 in an 8-site US cohort study with death before AIDS as a competing risk. We estimate the risk standardized to the total study sample by combining inverse probability weights with the cumulative incidence function; estimates of precision are obtained by bootstrap. In 7,182 patients (83% male, 33% African American, median age of 38 years), we observed 6-year standardized AIDS risks of 16.75% among 1,143 injection drug users and 12.08% among 6,039 nonusers, yielding a standardized risk difference of 4.68 (95% confidence interval: 1.27, 8.08) and a standardized risk ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.72). Results may be sensitive to the assumptions of exposure-version irrelevance, no measurement bias, and no unmeasured confounding. These limitations suggest that results be replicated with refined measurements of injection drug use. Nevertheless, estimating the standardized risk difference and ratio is straightforward, and injection drug use appears to increase the risk of AIDS.4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)6.1 Pharmaceuticals (hrcs-rac)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (mesh)Adult (mesh)Black or African American (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Disease Progression (mesh)Female (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Hispanic or Latino (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Male (mesh)Mathematical Computing (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Odds Ratio (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)Survival Rate (mesh)United States (mesh)AIDScohort studycompeting risksHIVsurvival functionCNICS Research NetworkHumans (mesh)Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)Disease Progression (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Survival Rate (mesh)Odds Ratio (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Mathematical Computing (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Hispanic or Latino (mesh)Black or African American (mesh)AIDSHIVcohort studycompeting riskssurvival functionAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (mesh)Adult (mesh)Black or African American (mesh)Anti-HIV Agents (mesh)Cohort Studies (mesh)Disease Progression (mesh)Female (mesh)Follow-Up Studies (mesh)Hispanic or Latino (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Male (mesh)Mathematical Computing (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Odds Ratio (mesh)Risk Assessment (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)Survival Rate (mesh)United States (mesh)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Epidemiology (science-metrix)4202 Epidemiology (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6857309fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6857309f/qt6857309f.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/aje/kwu122articleAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, vol 181, iss 4238 - 245oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7fb9069z2026-06-14T18:54:04Zqt7fb9069zProbing the j dependence of angular distributions and N = 20 shell rigidity via the 36 S( p , d ) 35 S reactionAnonymous2026-02-1751 Physical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)NSD-Nuclear Data (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fb9069zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt7fb9069z/qt7fb9069z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/hrd3-246darticlePhysical Review C, vol 113, iss 2oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6wr8s2rz2026-06-14T18:53:03Zqt6wr8s2rzA New Way to Discover Strong Gravitational Lenses: Pairwise Spectroscopic Search from DESI DR1Hsu, Yuan-MingHuang, XiaoshengStorfer, Christopher JInchausti, Jose CarlosSchlegel, DavidMoustakas, JohnAguilar, JAhlen, SAnand, ABailey, SBianchi, DBrooks, DCastander, FJClaybaugh, TCuceu, Ade la Macorra, ADella Costa, JDey, ArjunDey, BiprateepDoel, PForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHuterer, DJoyce, RKehoe, RKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALahav, OLandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RNadathur, SPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRossi, GSanchez, ESchubnell, MSilber, JSprayberry, DTarlé, GWeaver, BAZhou, RZou, H2026-02-01We present a new method to search for strong gravitational-lensing systems by pairing spectra that are close together on the sky in a spectroscopic survey. We visually inspect 26,621 spectra in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 that are selected in this way. We further inspect the 11,848 images corresponding to these spectra in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 10, and obtain 2046 conventional strong gravitational lens candidates, of which 1906 are new. This constitutes the largest sample of lens candidates identified to date in spectroscopic data. Besides the conventional candidates, we identify a new class of systems that we term “dimple lenses.” These systems have a low-mass foreground galaxy as a lens, typically smaller in angular extent and fainter compared with the lensed background source galaxy, producing subtle surface brightness indentations in the latter. We report the discovery of 318 of these “dimple lens” candidates. We suspect that these represent dwarf galaxy lensing. With follow-up observations, they could offer a new avenue to test the cold dark matter model by probing their mass profiles, stellar mass–halo mass relation, and halo mass function for MHalo ≲ 1013 M⊙. Thus, in total, we report 2164 new lens candidates. Our method demonstrates the power of pairwise spectroscopic analysis and provides a pathway complementary to imaging-based and single-spectrum lens searches.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wr8s2rzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6wr8s2rz/qt6wr8s2rz.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4365/ae27cearticleThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol 282, iss 241oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1780m37r2026-06-14T18:48:38Zqt1780m37rMagnetic Field Mapping of a 2.5 T Fixed-Field HTS Gantry Magnet for Proton TherapyMosat, MArbelaez, DCroteau, J-FSaravanan, ATeyber, RTurqueti, MYan, YBrouwer, L2026-01-01We present results from testing a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet prototype for proton therapy. This magnet is specifically designed for a novel rotating gantry capable of delivering the entire proton beam energy range (70225 MeV) while maintaining a fixed magnetic field in the superconducting magnets. The gantry layout simplifies the magnet design, enabling the use of straight, flat racetrack Bi-2223 (DI-BSCCO) coil technology and operation at higher temperatures (1015 K). The magnet has a non-linear field distribution for bending and focusing the proton beams. To validate this feature, we developed a system for measuring the magnetic field distribution in the magnet aperture. We present the design of this hall probe array and experimental results from two different magnet tests at 4.2 K in a liquid helium bath. These results are compared with the simulated field distribution and discussed in the context of the required field quality for the application.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)accelerator magnetsgantryHTS magnetsHTS magnetsmagnets for medical systemsmagnets for medical systemsproton therapyproton therapysuperconducting magnetssuperconducting magnetssuperconductivitysuperconductivitysuperconductivityATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1780m37rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1780m37r/qt1780m37r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2025.3624730articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 36, iss 31 - 6oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8xn4v0s52026-06-14T18:45:40Zqt8xn4v0s5Dynamical dark energy in light of the DESI DR2 baryonic acoustic oscillations measurementsGu, GanWang, XiaomaWang, YutingZhao, Gong-BoPogosian, LevonKoyama, KazuyaPeacock, John ACai, ZhengCervantes-Cota, Jorge LIshak, MustaphaShafieloo, ArmanZhao, RuiyangAhlen, StevenBianchi, DavideBrooks, DavidClaybaugh, ToddCole, Shaunde la Macorra, Axelde Mattia, ArnaudDoel, PeterFerraro, SimoneForero-Romero, Jaime EGaztañaga, EnriqueGontcho A Gontcho, SatyaGutierrez, GastonHahn, ChangHoonHowlett, CullanKehoe, RobertKirkby, DavidKneib, Jean-PaulKremin, AnthonyLahav, OferLandriau, MartinLe Guillou, LaurentLeauthaud, AlexieLevi, MichaelManera, MarcMeisner, AaronMiquel, RamonMoustakas, JohnMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AndreaNadathur, SeshadriNewman, Jeffrey APalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePercival, WillPrada, FranciscoPérez-Ràfols, IgnasiRossi, GrazianoSamushia, LadoSanchez, EusebioSchlegel, DavidSeo, Hee-JongSprayberry, DavidTarlé, GregoryWalther, MichaelWeaver, Benjamin AlanZarrouk, PaulineZhao, ChengZhou, RongpuZou, Hu2025-01-01Understanding whether cosmic acceleration arises from a cosmological constant or a dynamical component is a central goal of cosmology, and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) enables stringent tests with high-precision distance measurements. Here we analyse measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations in DESI Data Release 1 and Data Release 2 and consider type Ia supernovae and a distance prior for the cosmic microwave background. With the larger statistical power and wider redshift coverage of Data Release 2, the preference for dynamical dark energy does not diminish relative to Data Release 1. Using both a shape-function reconstruction and non-parametric approaches with a Horndeski-motivated correlation prior, we find that the equation of state for dark energy w(z) varies with redshift. Baryon acoustic oscillation data alone yield modest constraints, but in combination with independent supernova compilations and the prior for the cosmic microwave background, they strengthen the evidence for dynamics. A Bayesian comparison of models shows moderate support for departures from Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) when several degrees of freedom in w(z) are allowed, corresponding to ~3σ tension with ΛCDM (and higher for some datasets). Despite methodological differences, our results are consistent with companion DESI papers, underscoring the complementarity of the approaches. Possible systematics remain under study; forthcoming DESI, Euclid and next-generation cosmic microwave background data will provide decisive tests.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CosmologyDark energy and dark matter5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xn4v0s5https://escholarship.org/content/qt8xn4v0s5/qt8xn4v0s5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41550-025-02669-6articleNature Astronomy, vol 9, iss 121879 - 1889oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0569n02q2026-06-14T18:45:32Zqt0569n02qNoise limits for dc SQUID readout of high-Q resonators below 300 MHzAnkel, VBartram, CBegin, JBell, CBrouwer, LChaudhuri, SClarke, JohnCho, H-MCorbin, JCraddock, WCuadra, SDroster, ADurkin, MEchevers, JFry, JTHilton, GIrwin, KDKeller, AKolevatov, RKunder, ALi, DOtto, NPappas, KMWRapidis, NMSalemi, CPSchmidt, DSimanovskaia, MSingh, JStark, PTesche, CDUllom, JVale, Lvan Assendelft, ECvan Bibber, KVissers, MWells, KWiedemann, JWinslow, LWright, DYi, AKYoung, BA2025-09-07We present the limits on noise for the readout of cryogenic high-Q resonators using dc Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) below 300 MHz. This analysis uses realized first-stage SQUIDs (previously published), whose performance is well described by Tesche–Clarke (TC) theory, coupled directly to the resonators. We also present data from a prototype second-stage dc SQUID array designed to couple to this first-stage SQUID as a follow-on amplifier with high system bandwidth. This analysis is the first full consideration of dc SQUID noise performance referred to a high-Q resonator over this frequency range and is presented relative to the standard quantum limit. We include imprecision, backaction, and backaction–imprecision noise correlations from TC theory, the noise contributed by the second-stage SQUIDs, wiring, and preamplifiers, and optimizations for both on-resonance measurements and off-resonance scan sensitivity. This architecture has modern relevance due to the increased interest in axion searches and the requirements of the DMRadio-m3 axion search, which uses dc SQUIDs in this frequency range.51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-2025 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Applied Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0569n02qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0569n02q/qt0569n02q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1063/5.0280831articleJournal of Applied Physics, vol 138, iss 9094505oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt48n6r0zt2026-06-14T18:44:17Zqt48n6r0ztRequirements for US20 collective subroutines for prefix operationsCook, BrandonBonachea, Dan2025-06-23This paper contains formal requirements for Fortran 202Y work item US-20, collective subroutines for prefix operations.
It passed by unanimous consent at the Jun 2025 meeting #236 of the INCITS/US Fortran Programming Language Standards Technical Committee.class-fortran (c-lbnl-label)LBLCS-class-fortran (c-lbnl-label)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/48n6r0ztarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6dn8z4sg2026-06-14T18:41:37Zqt6dn8z4sgCosmological constraints from the cross-correlation of DESI Luminous Red Galaxies with CMB lensing from Planck PR4 and ACT DR6Sailer, NoahKim, JoshuaFerraro, SimoneMadhavacheril, Mathew SWhite, MartinAbril-Cabezas, IreneAguilar, Jessica NicoleAhlen, StevenBond, J RichardBrooks, DavidBurtin, EtienneCalabrese, ErminiaChen, Shi-FanChoi, Steve KClaybaugh, ToddDawson, Kylede la Macorra, AxelDeRose, JosephDey, ArjunDey, BiprateepDoel, PeterDunkley, JoEmbil-Villagra, CarmenFarren, Gerrit SFont-Ribera, AndreuForero-Romero, Jaime EGaztañaga, EnriqueGluscevic, VeraGontcho, Satya Gontcho AHonscheid, KlausHowlett, CullanJuneau, StephanieKirkby, DavidKisner, TheodoreKremin, AnthonyLandriau, MartinLe Guillou, LaurentLevi, MichaelManera, MarcMeisner, AaronMiquel, RamonMoodley, KavilanMoustakas, JohnNiemack, Michael DNiz, GustavoPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePercival, WillPrada, FranciscoQu, Frank JRossi, GrazianoSanchez, EusebioSchaan, EmmanuelSchlafly, EdwardSchlegel, DavidSchubnell, MichaelSehgal, NeelimaSeo, Hee-JongSherwin, BlakeSifón, CristóbalSprayberry, DavidStaggs, Suzanne TTarlé, GregoryWeaver, Benjamin AlanYèche, ChristopheZhou, RongpuZou, Hu2025-06-01We infer the growth of large scale structure over the redshift range 0.4 ≲ z ≲ 1 from the cross-correlation of spectroscopically calibrated Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) selected from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) legacy imaging survey with CMB lensing maps reconstructed from the latest Planck and ACT data. We adopt a hybrid effective field theory (HEFT) model that robustly regulates the cosmological information obtainable from smaller scales, such that our cosmological constraints are reliably derived from the (predominantly) linear regime. We perform an extensive set of bandpower- and parameter-level systematics checks to ensure the robustness of our results and to characterize the uniformity of the LRG sample. We demonstrate that our results are stable to a wide range of modeling assumptions, finding excellent agreement with a linear theory analysis performed on a restricted range of scales. From a tomographic analysis of the four LRG photometric redshift bins we find that the rate of structure growth is consistent with ΛCDM with an overall amplitude that is ≃ 5-7% lower than predicted by primary CMB measurements with modest (∼ 2σ) statistical significance. From the combined analysis of all four bins and their cross-correlations with Planck we obtain S 8 = 0.765 ± 0.023, which is less discrepant with primary CMB measurements than previous DESI LRG cross Planck CMB lensing results. From the cross-correlation with ACT we obtain S 8 = 0.790+0.024 -0.027, while when jointly analyzing Planck and ACT we find S 8 = 0.775+0.019 -0.022 from our data alone and σ 8 = 0.772+0.020 -0.023 with the addition of BAO data. These constraints are consistent with the latest Planck primary CMB analyses at the ≃ 1.6-2.2σ level, and are in excellent agreement with galaxy lensing surveys.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)cosmological parameters from LSSgalaxy clusteringgravitational lensingredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6dn8z4sghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6dn8z4sg/qt6dn8z4sg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/06/008articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 06008oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4dc7x4tz2026-06-14T18:34:18Zqt4dc7x4tzImpact of systematic redshift errors on the cross-correlation of the Lyman-α forest with quasars at small scales using DESI Early DataBault, AbbyKirkby, DavidGuy, JulienBrodzeller, AllysonAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBrooks, DCabayol-Garcia, LChaves-Montero, JClaybaugh, TCuceu, ADawson, Kde la Cruz, Rde la Macorra, ADey, ADoel, PFilbert, SFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGordon, CHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KIršič, VKaraçaylı, NGKehoe, RKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMontero-Camacho, PMoustakas, JMuñoz-Gutiérrez, ANie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPérez-Ràfols, IPoppett, CPrada, FRamírez-Pérez, CRavoux, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSilber, JTan, TTarlé, GWalther, MWeaver, BAZhou, Z2025-01-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will measure millions of quasar spectra by the end of its 5 year survey. Quasar redshift errors impact the shape of the Lyman-α forest correlation functions, which can affect cosmological analyses and therefore cosmological interpretations. Using data from the DESI Early Data Release and the first two months of the main survey, we measure the systematic redshift error from an offset in the cross-correlation of the Lyman-α forest with quasars. We find evidence for a redshift dependent bias causing redshifts to be underestimated with increasing redshift, stemming from improper modeling of the Lyman-α optical depth in the templates used for redshift estimation. New templates were derived for the DESI Year 1 quasar sample at z > 1.6 and we found the redshift dependent bias, Δr ∥, increased from -1.94 ± 0.15 h -1 Mpc to -0.08 ± 0.04 h -1 Mpc (-205 ± 15 km s-1 to -9.0 ± 4.0 km s-1). These new templates will be used to provide redshifts for the DESI Year 1 quasar sample.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Lyman alpha forestredshift surveysdark energy experimentsLyman alpha forestredshift surveysdark energy experiments0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dc7x4tzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4dc7x4tz/qt4dc7x4tz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/130articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01130oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5z01m0wp2026-06-14T18:34:06Zqt5z01m0wpCandidate strongly lensed type Ia supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility archiveTownsend, ANordin, JCarracedo, A SaguésKowalski, MArendse, NDhawan, SGoobar, AJohansson, JMörtsell, ESchulze, SAndreoni, IFernández, EKim, AGNugent, PEPrada, FRigault, MSarin, NSharma, DBellm, ECCoughlin, MWDekany, RGroom, SLLacroix, LLaher, RRRiddle, RAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBrooks, DClaybaugh, Tde la Macorra, ADey, ADey, BDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHonscheid, KHowlett, CKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMyers, ADNie, JPalanque-Delabrouille, NPoppett, CRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GZou, H2025-02-01Context. Gravitationally lensed type Ia supernovae (glSNe Ia) are unique astronomical tools that can be used to study cosmological parameters, distributions of dark matter, the astrophysics of the supernovae, and the intervening lensing galaxies themselves. A small number of highly magnified glSNe Ia have been discovered by ground-based telescopes such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), but simulations predict that a fainter, undetected population may also exist. Aims. We present a systematic search for glSNe Ia in the ZTF archive of alerts distributed from June 1 2019 to September 1 2022. Methods. Using the AMPEL platform, we developed a pipeline that distinguishes candidate glSNe Ia from other variable sources. Initial cuts were applied to the ZTF alert photometry (with constraints on the peak absolute magnitude and the distance to a catalogue-matched galaxy, as examples) before forced photometry was obtained for the remaining candidates. Additional cuts were applied to refine the candidates based on their light curve colours, lens galaxy colours, and the resulting parameters from fits to the SALT2 SN Ia template. The candidates were also cross-matched with the DESI spectroscopic catalogue. Results. Seven transients were identified that passed all the cuts and had an associated galaxy DESI redshift, which we present as glSN Ia candidates. Although superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) cannot be fully rejected as contaminants, two events, ZTF19abpjicm and ZTF22aahmovu, are significantly different from typical SLSNe and their light curves can be modelled as two-image glSN Ia systems. From this two-image modelling, we estimate time delays of 22 ± 3 and 34 ± 1 days for the two events, respectively, which suggests that we have uncovered a population of glSNe Ia with longer time delays. Conclusions. The pipeline is efficient and sensitive enough to parse full alert streams. It is currently being applied to the live ZTF alert stream to identify and follow-up future candidates while active. This pipeline could be the foundation for glSNe Ia searches in future surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)gravitational lensing: strongmethods: observationaltechniques: photometricsupernovae: general0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z01m0wphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5z01m0wp/qt5z01m0wp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/202451082articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 694a146oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt130454672026-06-14T18:30:58Zqt13045467Validating the galaxy and quasar catalog-level blinding scheme for the DESI 2024 analysisAndrade, UMena-Fernández, JAwan, HRoss, AJBrieden, SPan, Jde Mattia, AAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OBrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EChaussidon, EClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADey, ADoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGuy, JHahn, CHanif, MMSHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DJuneau, SKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNadathur, SNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPaillas, EPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPinon, MPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Fernández, ARashkovetskyi, MRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MVerde, LWeaver, BA2025-01-01In the era of precision cosmology, ensuring the integrity of data analysis through blinding techniques is paramount — a challenge particularly relevant for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). DESI represents a monumental effort to map the cosmic web, with the goal to measure the redshifts of tens of millions of galaxies and quasars. Given the data volume and the impact of the findings, the potential for confirmation bias poses a significant challenge. To address this, we implement and validate a comprehensive blind analysis strategy for DESI Data Release 1 (DR1), tailored to the specific observables DESI is most sensitive to: Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Redshift-Space Distortion (RSD) and primordial non-Gaussianities (PNG). We carry out the blinding at the catalog level, implementing shifts in the redshifts of the observed galaxies to blind for BAO and RSD signals and weights to blind for PNG through a scale-dependent bias. We validate the blinding technique on mocks as well as on data by applying a second blinding layer to perform a series of sanity checks; the latter allows probing complexities in real data not captured in mocks. We find that the blinding strategy alters the data vector in a controlled way, and the BAO and RSD analysis choices are robust to blinding. The successful validation of the blinding strategy paves the way for the unblinded DESI DR1 analysis, alongside future blind analyses with DESI and other surveys.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)redshift surveysbaryon acoustic oscillationspower spectrumcosmologicalparameters from LSS0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/13045467https://escholarship.org/content/qt13045467/qt13045467.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/128articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01128oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5f17p68c2026-06-14T18:30:53Zqt5f17p68cOptimal reconstruction of baryon acoustic oscillations for DESI 2024Paillas, EDing, ZChen, XSeo, HPadmanabhan, Nde Mattia, ARoss, AJNadathur, SHowlett, CAguilar, JAhlen, SAlves, OAndrade, UBrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, EChen, SClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADey, ArjunDoel, PFanning, KFerraro, SForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHahn, CHanif, MMSHonscheid, KIshak, MKehoe, RKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMedina-Varela, LMeisner, AMena-Fernández, JMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Fernández, ARashkovetskyi, MRezaie, MRosado-Marin, ARossi, GRuggeri, RSanchez, ESaulder, CSchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GValcin, DVargas-Magaña, MYu, JYuan, SZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) provide a robust standard ruler to measure the expansion history of the Universe through galaxy clustering. Density-field reconstruction is now a widely adopted procedure for increasing the precision and accuracy of the BAO detection. With the goal of finding the optimal reconstruction settings to be used in the DESI 2024 galaxy BAO analysis, we assess the sensitivity of the post-reconstruction BAO constraints to different choices in our analysis configuration, performing tests on blinded data from the first year of DESI observations (DR1), as well as on mocks that mimic the expected clustering and selection properties of the DESI DR1 target samples. Overall, we find that BAO constraints remain robust against multiple aspects in the reconstruction process, including the choice of smoothing scale, treatment of redshift-space distortions, fiber assignment incompleteness, and parameterizations of the BAO model. We also present a series of tests that DESI followed in order to assess the maturity of the end-to-end galaxy BAO pipeline before the unblinding of the large-scale structure catalogs.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f17p68chttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5f17p68c/qt5f17p68c.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/142articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01142oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9zb2d29s2026-06-14T18:30:49Zqt9zb2d29sMitigation of DESI fiber assignment incompleteness effect on two-point clustering with small angular scale truncated estimatorsPinon, Mde Mattia, AMcDonald, PBurtin, ERuhlmann-Kleider, VWhite, MBianchi, DRoss, AJAguilar, JAhlen, SBrooks, DCahn, RNChaussidon, EClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADey, BDoel, PFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHowlett, CKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLasker, JLe Guillou, LLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMyers, ADNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CRossi, GSanchez, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSprayberry, DTarlé, GVargas-Magaña, MWeaver, BAZarrouk, PZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01We present a method to mitigate the effects of fiber assignment incompleteness in two-point power spectrum and correlation function measurements from galaxy spectroscopic surveys, by truncating small angular scales from estimators. We derive the corresponding modified correlation function and power spectrum windows to account for the small angular scale truncation in the theory prediction. We validate this approach on simulations reproducing the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 (DR1) with and without fiber assignment. We show that we recover unbiased cosmological constraints using small angular scale truncated estimators from simulations with fiber assignment incompleteness, with respect to standard estimators from complete simulations. Additionally, we present an approach to remove the sensitivity of the fits to high k modes in the theoretical power spectrum, by applying a transformation to the data vector and window matrix. We find that our method efficiently mitigates the effect of fiber assignment incompleteness in two-point correlation function and power spectrum measurements, at low computational cost and with little statistical loss.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)power spectrumcosmological parameters from LSSredshift surveyspower spectrumcosmological parameters from LSSredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zb2d29shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9zb2d29s/qt9zb2d29s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/131articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01131oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9c75z2jn2026-06-14T18:30:30Zqt9c75z2jnDESI 2024 IV: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman alpha forestAdame, AGAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAlexander, DMAlvarez, MAlves, OAnand, AAndrade, UArmengaud, EAvila, SAviles, AAwan, HBailey, SBaltay, CBault, ABautista, JBehera, JBenZvi, SBeutler, FBianchi, DBlake, CBlum, RBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECalderon, RCanning, RRosell, A CarneroCereskaite, RCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChen, SChen, XClaybaugh, TCole, SCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde la Cruz, Rde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADeiosso, NDey, ADey, BDing, JDing, ZDoel, PEdelstein, JEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJElliott, AFagrelius, PFanning, KFerraro, SEreza, JFindlay, NFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Sánchez, DForero-Romero, JEGarcia-Quintero, CGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGonzalez-Perez, VGordon, CGreen, DGruen, DGsponer, RGutierrez, GGuy, JHadzhiyska, BHahn, CHanif, MMSHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KHowlett, CHuterer, DIršič, VIshak, MJuneau, SKaraçaylı, NGKehoe, RKent, SKirkby, DKremin, AKrolewski, ALai, YLan, T-WLandriau, MLang, DLasker, JLe Goff, JMLe Guillou, L2025-01-01We present the measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest of high-redshift quasars with the first-year dataset of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Our analysis uses over 420 000 Lyα forest spectra and their correlation with the spatial distribution of more than 700 000 quasars. An essential facet of this work is the development of a new analysis methodology on a blinded dataset. We conducted rigorous tests using synthetic data to ensure the reliability of our methodology and findings before unblinding. Additionally, we conducted multiple data splits to assess the consistency of the results and scrutinized various analysis approaches to confirm their robustness. For a given value of the sound horizon (rd ), we measure the expansion at z eff = 2.33 with 2% precision, H(z eff) = ( 239.2 ± 4.8 ) (147.09 Mpc /rd ) km/s/Mpc. Similarly, we present a 2.4% measurement of the transverse comoving distance to the same redshift, DM (z eff) = ( 5.84 ± 0.14 ) (rd /147.09 Mpc) Gpc. Together with other DESI BAO measurements at lower redshifts, these results are used in a companion paper to constrain cosmological parameters.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)baryon acoustic oscillationscosmological parameters from LSSLyman alpha forestredshift surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9c75z2jnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9c75z2jn/qt9c75z2jn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/124articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01124oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9gm8j3mb2026-06-14T18:30:25Zqt9gm8j3mbThe construction of large-scale structure catalogs for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic InstrumentRoss, AJAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAnand, ABailey, SBianchi, DBrieden, SBrooks, DBurtin, ERosell, A CarneroChaussidon, EClaybaugh, TCole, SDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADey, ADey, BDoel, PFanning, KFerraro, SEreza, JFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGuy, JHahn, CHeydenreich, SHonscheid, KHowlett, CIshak, MKarim, TKirkby, DKisner, TKong, HKremin, AKrolewski, ALambert, ALandriau, MLasker, JGuillou, LLLevi, MEManera, MMartini, PMcDonald, PMeisner, AMiquel, RMoon, JMoustakas, JMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AMyers, ADNadathur, SNapolitano, LNewman, JANie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRaichoor, ARavoux, CRezaie, MRosado-Marin, ARossi, GSamushia, LSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSeo, HSmith, ASprayberry, DTarlé, GValcin, DVargas-Magaña, MWeaver, BAWilson, MJYu, JZarrouk, PZhao, CZhou, RZou, H2025-01-01We present the technical details on how large-scale structure (LSS) catalogs are constructed from redshifts measured from spectra observed by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). The LSS catalogs provide the information needed to determine the relative number density of DESI tracers as a function of redshift and celestial coordinates and, e.g., determine clustering statistics. We produce catalogs that are weighted subsamples of the observed data, each matched to a weighted `random' catalog that forms an unclustered sampling of the probability density that DESI could have observed those data at each location. Precise knowledge of the DESI observing history and associated hardware performance allows for a determination of the DESI footprint and the number of times DESI has covered it at sub-arcsecond level precision. This enables the completeness of any DESI sample to be modeled at this same resolution. The pipeline developed to create LSS catalogs has been designed to easily allow robustness tests and enable future improvements. We describe how it allows ongoing work improving the match between galaxy and random catalogs, such as including further information when assigning redshifts to randoms, accounting for fluctuations in target density, accounting for variation in the redshift success rate, and accommodating blinding schemes.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)redshift surveyspower spectrum0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm8j3mbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9gm8j3mb/qt9gm8j3mb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/125articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2025, iss 01125oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5q93c7nq2026-06-14T18:30:13Zqt5q93c7nqReal-world clinical impact of plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing assayKaur, IshminderShaw, BennettMultani, AshritPham, ChristineMalhotra, SanchiSmith, EthanAdachi, KristinaAllyn, PaulBango, ZackaryBeaird, Omer EugeneCalderaChandrasekaran, SukanthaChan, LynnCheema, RabiaDaouk, SarahDeville, JaimeDong, Huan VinhFan, AustinGarner, OmaiGaynor, PryceGray, HannahGorin, AleksandrKalava, SowmyaKanatani, MeganneKarnaze, AndrewSaleh, TawnySharma, YaminiStauber, StaceyVargas, MoisesVeral, MonetteWinston, DrewYanagimoto-Ogawa, LaurenAldrovandi, GraceNielsen-Saines, KarinFuller, TrevonJackson, NicholasUslan, DanielSchaenman, JoannaVijayan, TaraSakona, AshlynYang, Shangxin2025-05-01OBJECTIVE: To describe the real-world clinical impact of a commercially available plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing assay, the Karius test (KT).
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical impact of KT by clinical panel adjudication. Descriptive statistics were used to study associations of diagnostic indications, host characteristics, and KT-generated microbiologic patterns with the clinical impact of KT. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to further characterize predictors of higher positive clinical impact.
RESULTS: We evaluated 1000 unique clinical cases of KT from 941 patients between January 1, 2017-August 31, 2023. The cohort included adult (70%) and pediatric (30%) patients. The overall clinical impact of KT was positive in 16%, negative in 2%, and no clinical impact in 82% of the cases. Among adult patients, multivariable logistic regression modeling showed that culture-negative endocarditis (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.11-4.53; P .022) and concern for fastidious/zoonotic/vector-borne pathogens (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.11-3.76; P .019) were associated with positive clinical impact of KT. Host immunocompromised status was not reliably associated with a positive clinical impact of KT (OR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.83-1.29; P .7806). No significant predictors of KT clinical impact were found in pediatric patients. Microbiologic result pattern was also a significant predictor of impact.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that despite the positive clinical impact of KT in select situations, most testing results had no clinical impact. We also confirm diagnostic indications where KT may have the highest yield, thereby generating tools for diagnostic stewardship.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Biodefense (rcdc)Women's Health (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Infection (hrcs-hc)Humans (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Child (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (mesh)Aged (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Infant (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Humans (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Child (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Infant (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (mesh)Humans (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Child (mesh)Metagenomics (mesh)Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (mesh)Aged (mesh)ChildPreschool (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Infant (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Epidemiology (science-metrix)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q93c7nqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5q93c7nq/qt5q93c7nq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1017/ice.2024.242articleInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol 46, iss 5504 - 511oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8ks5b73d2026-06-14T18:30:08Zqt8ks5b73dSearch for charged-lepton flavor violation in the production and decay of top quarks using trilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MDel Valle, A EscalanteHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Mechelen, PBols, ESD’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MFaham, H ElLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DSahasransu, ARTavernier, STytgat, MVan Putte, SVannerom, DClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GFavart, LHohov, DJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, ALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SPétré, LPostiau, NThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMestdach, GRendón, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, NWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABruno, GCaputo, CDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AJaffel, KJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PMondal, KTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MJúnior, WL AldáPereira, M Alves GalloFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EMDa Silveira, GGDe Jesus Damiao, DDe Souza, S FonsecaMartins, JHerrera, C MoraAmarilo, K MotaMundim, L2025-01-01A search is performed for charged-lepton flavor violating processes in top quark ( ) production and decay. The data were collected by the CMS experiment from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of . The selected events are required to contain one opposite-sign electron-muon pair, a third charged lepton (electron or muon), and at least one jet of which no more than one is associated with a bottom quark. Boosted decision trees are used to distinguish signal from background, exploiting differences in the kinematics of the final states particles. The data are consistent with the standard model expectation. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are placed in the context of effective field theory on the Wilson coefficients, which range between depending on the flavor of the associated light quark and the Lorentz structure of the interaction. These limits are converted to upper limits on branching fractions involving up (charm) quarks, ( ), of , , and for tensorlike, vectorlike, and scalarlike interactions, respectively.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ks5b73dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8ks5b73d/qt8ks5b73d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.111.012009articlePhysical Review D, vol 111, iss 1012009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4gk0m0b72026-06-14T18:29:36Zqt4gk0m0b7Responsible research in health disparities using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) studyGonzalezCardenas-Iniguez, CLinares, DEWonnum, SBagot, KWhite, EJCuan, ADiMatteo, SAkiel, YDLindsley, PHarris, JCPerez-Amparan, EPowell, TDde City Heights, Comité Organizador LatinoDowling, GAlkire, DThompson, WKMurray, TM2025-01-01PURPOSE: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study is the largest longitudinal study on brain development and adolescent health in the United States. The study includes a sociodemographically diverse cohort of nearly 12,000 youth born 2005-2009, with an open science model of making data rapidly available to the scientific community. The ABCD Study® data has been used in over 1100 peer-reviewed publications since its first data release in 2018. The dataset contains a broad scope and comprehensive set of measures of youths' behavioral, health, and brain outcomes, as well as extensive contextual and environmental measures that map onto the social determinants of health (SDOH). Understanding the impact of SDOH on the developmental trajectories of youth will help to address early lifecourse health inequities that lead to disparities later in life. However, the open science model and extensive use of ABCD data highlight the need for guidance on appropriate, responsible, and equitable use of the data.
DESIGN METHODS: Our conceptual framework integrates the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Research Framework with strength-based and data equity perspectives. We use this framework to articulate best practices and methods for investigations that aim to identify the multilevel pathways by which structural and systemic inequities impact adolescent health trajectories.
RESULTS: Using our conceptual model, we provide recommendations for equitable health disparities research using ABCD Study data. We identify over fifty ABCD measures that can encompass SDOH across five levels of influence: individual, interpersonal, school, community, and societal. We expand the societal level to acknowledge structural discrimination as the root cause of systemic and structural inequities resulting in health disparities among marginalized youth. We apply the methodological recommendations in an example data analysis using a multi-level approach that integrates strength-based and data equity perspectives to elucidate pathways by which social and structural inequities may influence cognitive decision making in youth. We conclude with recommendations for strengthening the utility of ABCD data for health disparities research now and in the future.
CONCLUSION: Adolescence is a critical period of development with subsequent ramifications for health outcomes across the lifespan. Thus, understanding SDOH among diverse youth can inform prevention interventions before the emergence of health disparities in adulthood.3213 Paediatrics (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Health Disparities and Racial or Ethnic Minority Health Research (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Minority Health (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Health Disparities (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)11 Sustainable Cities and Communities (sdg)Humans (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Adolescent Development (mesh)Health Status Disparities (mesh)Social Determinants of Health (mesh)Cognition (mesh)Brain (mesh)United States (mesh)Male (mesh)Female (mesh)Adolescent Health (mesh)Brain (mesh)Humans (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Adolescent Development (mesh)Cognition (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)United States (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Health Status Disparities (mesh)Social Determinants of Health (mesh)Adolescent Health (mesh)Adolescent healthHealth disparities researchResponsible data useSocial determinants of healthHumans (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Longitudinal Studies (mesh)Adolescent Development (mesh)Health Status Disparities (mesh)Social Determinants of Health (mesh)Cognition (mesh)Brain (mesh)United States (mesh)Male (mesh)Female (mesh)Adolescent Health (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)1702 Cognitive Sciences (for)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)5202 Biological psychology (for-2020)5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gk0m0b7https://escholarship.org/content/qt4gk0m0b7/qt4gk0m0b7.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101497articleDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience, vol 71101497oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08t554tz2026-06-14T18:29:15Zqt08t554tzMeasurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for W+W− production in proton-proton collisions at s = 13.6 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND'Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesHerrera, C MoraMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, J2025-02-01Measurements at s = 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb − 1 . Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavor and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. The overall sensitivity is significantly better than that of previous results with a similar integrated luminosity. The improvement comes from a more refined control of experimental uncertainties and an improved fit strategy. An inclusive W + W − production cross section of 125.7 ± 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For the first time in proton-proton collisions, W W events with zero, one, and at least two jets are studied simultaneously and compared with recent theoretical predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSW boson pairs0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t554tzhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt08t554tz/qt08t554tz.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139231articlePhysics Letters B, vol 861139231oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6ct533df2026-06-14T18:25:28Zqt6ct533dfSearch for bottom quark associated production of the standard model Higgs boson in final states with leptons in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EJanssen, TVan Laer, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND'Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DAmarilo, K MotaSkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesHerrera, C MoraMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EM2025-01-01This Letter presents the first search for bottom quark associated production of the standard model Higgs boson, in final states with leptons. Higgs boson decays to pairs of tau leptons and pairs of leptonically decaying W bosons are considered. The search is performed using data collected from 2016 to 2018 by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 . Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are placed on the signal strength for Higgs boson production in association with bottom quarks; the observed (expected) upper limit is 3.7 (6.1) times the standard model prediction.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSHiggstauSearchBottom0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ct533dfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6ct533df/qt6ct533df.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139173articlePhysics Letters B, vol 860139173oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1d05p2b92026-06-14T18:21:59Zqt1d05p2b9Searches for Pair-Produced Multijet Resonances Using Data Scouting in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13 TeVHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PHohov, DJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DMestdach, GAmarilo, K MotaRendón, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáPereira, M Alves GalloFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, J2024-11-15Searches for pair-produced multijet signatures using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 128 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV are presented. A data scouting technique is employed to record events with low jet scalar transverse momentum sum values. The electroweak production of particles predicted in R-parity violating supersymmetric models is probed for the first time with fully hadronic final states. This is the first search for prompt hadronically decaying mass-degenerate higgsinos, and extends current exclusions on R-parity violating top squarks and gluinos.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMS Collaboration01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d05p2b9https://escholarship.org/content/qt1d05p2b9/qt1d05p2b9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.133.201803articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 133, iss 20201803oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6x82z9st2026-06-14T18:21:48Zqt6x82z9stThe CMS Statistical Analysis and Combination Tool: CombineHayrapetyan, ATumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLi, ALiko, DMikulec, ISchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TVan Mechelen, PBreugelmans, ND’Hondt, JDansana, SDe Moor, ADelcourt, MHeyen, FLowette, SMakarenko, IMüller, DTavernier, STytgat, MVan Onsem, GPVan Putte, SVannerom, DClerbaux, BDas, AKDe Lentdecker, GEvard, HFavart, LGianneios, PHohov, DJaramillo, JKhalilzadeh, AKhan, FALee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMalara, AParedes, SShahzad, MAThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDe Coen, MDobur, DGokbulut, GHong, YKnolle, JLambrecht, LMarckx, DMestdach, GAmarilo, K MotaSamalan, ASkovpen, KVan Den Bossche, Nvan der Linden, JWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABethani, ABruno, GCaputo, CDe Jeneret, J De FavereauDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AGuzel, AOJainLemaitre, VLidrych, JMastrapasqua, PTran, TTWertz, SAlves, GAPereira, M Alves GalloCoelho, ESilva, G CorreiaHensel, CDe Oliveira, T MenezesMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloSoeiro, MPereira, A VilelaJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, W2024-12-01This paper describes the Combine software package used for statistical analyses by the CMS Collaboration. The package, originally designed to perform searches for a Higgs boson and the combined analysis of those searches, has evolved to become the statistical analysis tool presently used in the majority of measurements and searches performed by the CMS Collaboration. It is not specific to the CMS experiment, and this paper is intended to serve as a reference for users outside of the CMS Collaboration, providing an outline of the most salient features and capabilities. Readers are provided with the possibility to run Combine and reproduce examples provided in this paper using a publicly available container image. Since the package is constantly evolving to meet the demands of ever-increasing data sets and analysis sophistication, this paper cannot cover all details of Combine. However, the online documentation referenced within this paper provides an up-to-date and complete user guide.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x82z9sthttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6x82z9st/qt6x82z9st.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s41781-024-00121-4articleComputing and Software for Big Science, vol 8, iss 119oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6zh078qk2026-06-14T18:21:38Zqt6zh078qkThe DESI Early Data Release white dwarf catalogueManser, Christopher JIzquierdo, PaulaGänsicke, Boris TSwan, AndrewKoester, DetlevRobert, AkshayXu, SiyiInight, KeithAmroota, BenFusillo, NP GentileKoposov, Sergey EKim, BokyoungDey, ArjunPrieto, Carlos AllendeAguilar, JAhlen, SBlum, RBrooks, DClaybaugh, TCooper, APDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADoel, PForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AHonscheid, KKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, Michael ELi, TSMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JNie, JPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSeo, HSilber, JTarlé, GWeaver, BAZhou, ZZou, H2024-10-25ABSTRACT The Early Data Release (EDR) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) comprises spectroscopy obtained from 2020 December 14 to 2021 June 10. White dwarfs were targeted by DESI both as calibration sources and as science targets and were selected based on Gaia photometry and astrometry. Here, we present the DESI EDR white dwarf catalogue, which includes 2706 spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfs of which approximately 60 per cent have been spectroscopically observed for the first time, as well as 66 white dwarf binary systems. We provide spectral classifications for all white dwarfs, and discuss their distribution within the Gaia Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. We provide atmospheric parameters derived from spectroscopic and photometric fits for white dwarfs with pure hydrogen or helium photospheres, a mixture of those two, and white dwarfs displaying carbon features in their spectra. We also discuss the less abundant systems in the sample, such as those with magnetic fields, and cataclysmic variables. The DESI EDR white dwarf sample is significantly less biased than the sample observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which is skewed to bluer and therefore hotter white dwarfs, making DESI more complete and suitable for performing statistical studies of white dwarfs.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)techniques: spectroscopiccataloguessurveyswhite dwarfs0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zh078qkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6zh078qk/qt6zh078qk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/mnras/stae2205articleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 535, iss 1254 - 289oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9jd644qn2026-06-14T18:11:51Zqt9jd644qnHigh redshift LBGs from deep broadband imaging for future spectroscopic surveysRuhlmann-Kleider, VaninaYèche, ChristopheMagneville, ChristopheCoquinot, HenriArmengaud, EricPalanque-Delabrouille, NathalieRaichoor, AnandAguilar, Jessica NicoleAhlen, StevenArnouts, StéphaneBrooks, DavidChaussidon, EdmondClaybaugh, ToddDawson, Kylede la Macorra, AxelDey, ArjunDey, BiprateepDoel, PeterFanning, KevinFerraro, SimoneForero-Romero, Jaime EGontcho, Satya Gontcho AGutierrez, GastonGwyn, StephenHonscheid, KlausJuneau, StephanieKehoe, RobertKisner, TheodoreKremin, AnthonyLambert, AndrewLandriau, MartinLe Guillou, LaurentLevi, Michael EManera, MarcMartini, PaulMeisner, AaronMiquel, RamonMoustakas, JohnMueller, Eva-MariaMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AndreaNewman, Jeffrey ANie, JundanNiz, GustavoPayerne, ConstantinPicouet, VincentRavoux, CorentinRezaie, MehdiRossi, GrazianoSanchez, EusebioSawicki, MarcinSchlafly, Edward FSchlegel, DavidSchubnell, MichaelSeo, Hee-JongSilber, JosephSprayberry, DavidTaran, JulienTarlé, GregoryWeaver, Benjamin AWhite, MartinWilson, Michael JZhou, ZhiminZou, Hu2024-08-01Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) are promising probes for clustering measurements at high redshift, z > 2, a region only covered so far by Lyman-α forest measurements. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of selecting LBGs by exploiting the existence of a strong deficit of flux shortward of the Lyman limit, due to various absorption processes along the line of sight. The target selection relies on deep imaging data from the HSC and CLAUDS surveys in the g, r, z and u bands, respectively, with median depths reaching 27 AB in all bands. The selections were validated by several dedicated spectroscopic observation campaigns with DESI. Visual inspection of spectra has enabled us to develop an automated spectroscopic typing and redshift estimation algorithm specific to LBGs. Based on these data and tools, we assess the efficiency and purity of target selections optimised for different purposes. Selections providing a wide redshift coverage retain 57% of the observed targets after spectroscopic confirmation with DESI, and provide an efficiency for LBGs of 83±3%, for a purity of the selected LBG sample of 90±2%. This would deliver a confirmed LBG density of ~ 620 deg-2 in the range 2.3 < z < 3.5 for a r-band limiting magnitude r < 24.2. Selections optimised for high redshift efficiency retain 73% of the observed targets after spectroscopic confirmation, with 89±4% efficiency for 97±2% purity. This would provide a confirmed LBG density of ~ 470 deg-2 in the range 2.8 < z < 3.5 for a r-band limiting magnitude r < 24.5. A preliminary study of the LBG sample 3d-clustering properties is also presented and used to estimate the LBG linear bias. A value of b LBG = 3.3 ± 0.2 (stat.) is obtained for a mean redshift of 2.9 and a limiting magnitude in r of 24.2, in agreement with results reported in the literature.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)galaxy clusteringhigh redshift galaxiesredshift surveysgalaxy surveys0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jd644qninfo:doi/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/08/059articleJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol 2024, iss 08059oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt730113t32026-06-14T18:11:45Zqt730113t3Archetype-based Redshift Estimation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument SurveyAnand, AbhijeetGuy, JulienBailey, StephenMoustakas, JohnAguilar, JAhlen, SBolton, ASBrodzeller, ABrooks, DClaybaugh, TCole, Sde la Macorra, ADey, BiprateepFanning, KForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGutierrez, GHonscheid, KHowlett, CJuneau, SKirkby, DKisner, TKremin, ALambert, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LManera, MMeisner, AMiquel, RMueller, ENiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRaichoor, ARezaie, MRossi, GSanchez, ESchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSprayberry, DTarlé, GWarner, CWeaver, BAZhou, RZou, H2024-09-01We present a computationally efficient galaxy archetype-based redshift estimation and spectral classification method for the Dark Energy Survey Instrument (DESI) survey. The DESI survey currently relies on a redshift fitter and spectral classifier using a linear combination of principal component analysis–derived templates, which is very efficient in processing large volumes of DESI spectra within a short time frame. However, this method occasionally yields unphysical model fits for galaxies and fails to adequately absorb calibration errors that may still be occasionally visible in the reduced spectra. Our proposed approach improves upon this existing method by refitting the spectra with carefully generated physical galaxy archetypes combined with additional terms designed to absorb data reduction defects and provide more physical models to the DESI spectra. We test our method on an extensive data set derived from the survey validation (SV) and Year 1 (Y1) data of DESI. Our findings indicate that the new method delivers marginally better redshift success for SV tiles while reducing catastrophic redshift failure by 10%–30%. At the same time, results from millions of targets from the main survey show that our model has relatively higher redshift success and purity rates (0.5%–0.8% higher) for galaxy targets while having similar success for QSOs. These improvements also demonstrate that the main DESI redshift pipeline is generally robust. Additionally, it reduces the false-positive redshift estimation by 5%−40% for sky fibers. We also discuss the generic nature of our method and how it can be extended to other large spectroscopic surveys, along with possible future improvements.5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/730113t3https://escholarship.org/content/qt730113t3/qt730113t3.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ad60c2articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 168, iss 3124 - 124oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hv8k11n2026-06-14T18:08:29Zqt9hv8k11nThe Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic InstrumentCollaboration, DESIAdame, AGAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, SAldering, GAlexander, DMAlfarsy, RPrieto, C AllendeAlvarez, MAlves, OAnand, AAndrade-Oliveira, FArmengaud, EAsorey, JAvila, SAviles, ABailey, SBalaguera-Antolínez, ABallester, OBaltay, CBault, ABautista, JBehera, JBeltran, SFBenZvi, SSilva, L Beraldo EBermejo-Climent, JRBerti, ABesuner, RBeutler, FBianchi, DBlake, CBlum, RBolton, ASBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBrown, ZBuckley-Geer, EBurtin, ECabayol-Garcia, LCai, ZCanning, RCardiel-Sas, LRosell, A CarneroCastander, FJCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JChen, SChen, XChuang, CClaybaugh, TCole, SCooper, APCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde Belsunce, Rde la Cruz, Rde la Macorra, ADella Costa, Jde Mattia, ADemina, RDemirbozan, UDeRose, JDey, ADey, BDhungana, GDing, JDing, ZDoel, PDoshi, RDouglass, KEdge, AEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJElliott, AEreza, JEscoffier, SFagrelius, PFan, XFanning, KFawcett, VAFerraro, SFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEForero-Sánchez, DFrenk, CSGänsicke, BTGarcía, LÁGarcía-Bellido, JGarcia-Quintero, CGarrison, LHGil-Marín, HGolden-Marx, JGontcho, S Gontcho A2024-08-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its 5 month Survey Validation in 2021 May. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hv8k11ninfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ad3217articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 168, iss 258oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9g15583q2026-06-14T17:58:13Zqt9g15583qStudy of azimuthal anisotropy of ϒ(1S) mesons in pPb collisions at s NN = 8.16 TeVTumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDamanakis, KDragicevic, MDel Valle, A EscalanteHussain, PSJeitler, MKrammer, NLechner, LLiko, DMikulec, IPaulitsch, PPitters, FMSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSchwarz, DSonawane, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EDarwish, MRJanssen, TKello, TSfar, H RejebVan Mechelen, PBols, ESD'Hondt, JDe Moor, ADelcourt, MFaham, H ElLowette, SMoortgat, SMorton, AMüller, DSahasransu, ARTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVannerom, DClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GFavart, LHohov, DJaramillo, JLee, KMahdavikhorrami, MMakarenko, IMalara, AParedes, SPétré, LPostiau, NThomas, LBemden, M VandenVander Velde, CVanlaer, PDobur, DKnolle, JLambrecht, LMestdach, GNiedziela, MRendón, CRoskas, CSamalan, ASkovpen, KTytgat, MVan Den Bossche, NVermassen, BWezenbeek, LBenecke, ABruno, GBury, FCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, AJaffel, KJainLemaitre, VMondal, KTaliercio, ATran, TTVischia, PWertz, SAlves, GACoelho, EHensel, CMoraes, ATeles, P RebelloJúnior, WL AldáPereira, M Alves GalloFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, JDa Costa, EMDa Silveira, GGDe Jesus Damiao, D2024-03-01The azimuthal anisotropy of Image 1 mesons in high-multiplicity proton-lead collisions is studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV . The Image 1 mesons are reconstructed using their dimuon decay channel. The anisotropy is characterized by the second Fourier harmonic coefficients, found using a two-particle correlation technique, in which the Image 1 mesons are correlated with charged hadrons. A large pseudorapidity gap is used to suppress short-range correlations. Nonflow contamination from the dijet background is removed using a low-multiplicity subtraction method, and the results are presented as a function of Image 1 transverse momentum. The azimuthal anisotropies are smaller than those found for charmonia in proton-lead collisions at the same collision energy, but are consistent with values found for Image 1 mesons in lead-lead interactions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMSpPbHeavy ionv2UpsilonFlow0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g15583qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9g15583q/qt9g15583q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.138518articlePhysics Letters B, vol 850138518oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hw4w5rg2026-06-14T17:58:05Zqt9hw4w5rgOptimal 1D Ly α forest power spectrum estimation – III. DESI early dataKaraçaylı, Naim GökselMartini, PaulGuy, JulienRavoux, CorentinKarim, Marie Lynn AbdulArmengaud, EricWalther, MichaelAguilar, JAhlen, SBailey, SBautista, JBeltran, SFBrooks, DCabayol-Garcia, LChabanier, SChaussidon, EChaves-Montero, JDawson, Kde la Cruz, Rde la Macorra, ADoel, PFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, AXGordon, CHerrera-Alcantar, HKHonscheid, KIršič, VIshak, MKehoe, RKisner, TKremin, ALandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, MELukić, ZMeisner, AMiquel, RMoustakas, JMueller, EMuñoz-Gutiérrez, ANapolitano, LNie, JNiz, GPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPieri, MPoppett, CPrada, FPérez-Ràfols, IRamírez-Pérez, CRossi, GSanchez, ESeo, HSinigaglia, FTan, TTarlé, GWang, BWeaver, BAYéche, CZhou, Z2024-02-07ABSTRACT The 1D power spectrum P1D of the Ly α forest provides important information about cosmological and astrophysical parameters, including constraints on warm dark matter models, the sum of the masses of the three neutrino species, and the thermal state of the intergalactic medium. We present the first measurement of P1D with the quadratic maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey early data sample. This early sample of 54 600 quasars is already comparable in size to the largest previous studies, and we conduct a thorough investigation of numerous instrumental and analysis systematic errors to evaluate their impact on DESI data with QMLE. We demonstrate the excellent performance of the spectroscopic pipeline noise estimation and the impressive accuracy of the spectrograph resolution matrix with 2D image simulations of raw DESI images that we processed with the DESI spectroscopic pipeline. We also study metal line contamination and noise calibration systematics with quasar spectra on the red side of the Ly α emission line. In a companion paper, we present a similar analysis based on the Fast Fourier Transform estimate of the power spectrum. We conclude with a comparison of these two approaches and discuss the key sources of systematic error that we need to address with the upcoming DESI Year 1 analysis.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)methods: data analysisintergalactic mediumquasars: absorption lines0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hw4w5rghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9hw4w5rg/qt9hw4w5rg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/mnras/stae171articleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 528, iss 33941 - 3963oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8x36h5342026-06-14T17:57:54Zqt8x36h534A computational model predicts sex-specific responses to calcium channel blockers in mammalian mesenteric vascular smooth muscleHernandez-Hernandez, GonzaloO'Dwyer, Samantha CYang, Pei-ChiMatsumoto, CollinTieu, MindyFong, ZhihuiLewis, Timothy JSantana, L FernandoClancy, Colleen E2024-01-01The function of the smooth muscle cells lining the walls of mammalian systemic arteries and arterioles is to regulate the diameter of the vessels to control blood flow and blood pressure. Here, we describe an in silico model, which we call the 'Hernandez-Hernandez model', of electrical and Ca2+ signaling in arterial myocytes based on new experimental data indicating sex-specific differences in male and female arterial myocytes from murine resistance arteries. The model suggests the fundamental ionic mechanisms underlying membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ signaling during the development of myogenic tone in arterial blood vessels. Although experimental data suggest that KV1.5 channel currents have similar amplitudes, kinetics, and voltage dependencies in male and female myocytes, simulations suggest that the KV1.5 current is the dominant current regulating membrane potential in male myocytes. In female cells, which have larger KV2.1 channel expression and longer time constants for activation than male myocytes, predictions from simulated female myocytes suggest that KV2.1 plays a primary role in the control of membrane potential. Over the physiological range of membrane potentials, the gating of a small number of voltage-gated K+ channels and L-type Ca2+ channels are predicted to drive sex-specific differences in intracellular Ca2+ and excitability. We also show that in an idealized computational model of a vessel, female arterial smooth muscle exhibits heightened sensitivity to commonly used Ca2+ channel blockers compared to male. In summary, we present a new model framework to investigate the potential sex-specific impact of antihypertensive drugs.3208 Medical Physiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Women's Health (rcdc)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Hypertension (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)Mice (mesh)Male (mesh)Female (mesh)Animals (mesh)Calcium Channel Blockers (mesh)MuscleSmoothVascular (mesh)Arteries (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Potassium ChannelsVoltage-Gated (mesh)Calcium (mesh)Mammals (mesh)computer modeldigital twinsimulationhypertensionsex differencesMouseMuscleSmoothVascular (mesh)Arteries (mesh)Animals (mesh)Mammals (mesh)Mice (mesh)Calcium (mesh)Potassium ChannelsVoltage-Gated (mesh)Calcium Channel Blockers (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)computational biologycomputer modeldigital twinhypertensionmedicinemousesex differencessimulationsystems biologyMice (mesh)Male (mesh)Female (mesh)Animals (mesh)Calcium Channel Blockers (mesh)MuscleSmoothVascular (mesh)Arteries (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Potassium ChannelsVoltage-Gated (mesh)Calcium (mesh)Mammals (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x36h534https://escholarship.org/content/qt8x36h534/qt8x36h534.pdfinfo:doi/10.7554/elife.90604articleeLife, vol 12rp90604oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3bn193b12026-06-14T17:57:42Zqt3bn193b1The science case for an intermediate energy advanced and novel accelerator linear collider facilityBulanov, SSAidala, CABenedetti, CBernstein, REsarey, EGeddes, CGRGessner, SJGonsalves, AJHogan, MJJacobs, PMJing, CKnapen, SLee, CLow, ILu, XMeade, PMuggli, PMusumeci, PNachman, BNakamura, KNelson, TGriso, S PaganPalmer, MPrebys, ESchroeder, CBShiltsev, VTerzani, DThomas, AGRvan Tilborg, JTurner, MVafaei-Najafabadi, NVisinelli, LYao, W-MYoshida, R2024-01-01It is widely accepted that the next lepton collider beyond a Higgs factory would require center-of-mass energy of the order of up to 15 TeV. Since, given reasonable space and cost restrictions, conventional accelerator technology reaches its limits near this energy, high-gradient advanced acceleration concepts are attractive. Advanced and novel accelerators (ANAs) are leading candidates due to their ability to produce acceleration gradients on the order of 1–100 GV/m, leading to compact acceleration facilities. However, intermediate energy facilities (IEF) are required to test the critical technology elements on the way towards multi-TeV-class collliders. Here a science case for a 20–100 GeV center-of-mass energy ANA-based lepton collider that can be a candidate for an intermediate energy facility is presented. The IEF can provide numerous opportunities for high energy physics studies including precision Quantum Chromodynamics and Beyond the Standard Model physics measurements, investigation of charged particle interactions with extreme electromagnetic fields, and exploring muon and proton beam acceleration. Possible applications of this collider include the studies of γγ and electron beam-fixed target/beamdump collider designs. Thus, the goal of the proposed IEF is to both carry out particle physics measurements in the 20-100 GeV ranges as well as to serve as an ANA demonstrator facility.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Accelerator ApplicationsAccelerator Subsystems and TechnologiesWake-field acceleration (laser-drivenelectron-driven)Accelerator ApplicationsAccelerator Subsystems and TechnologiesWake-field acceleration (laser-drivenelectron-driven)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-BELLA Center (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-2024 (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bn193b1https://escholarship.org/content/qt3bn193b1/qt3bn193b1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/19/01/t01010articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 19, iss 01t01010oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5f7747b12026-06-14T17:54:12Zqt5f7747b1Parallel Runtime Interface for Fortran (PRIF) Design Document, Revision 0.2Rouson, DamianRichardson, BradBonachea, DanRasmussen, Katherine2023-12-20This design document proposes an interface to support the parallel features of Fortran, named the Parallel Runtime Interface for Fortran (PRIF). PRIF is a proposed solution in which the runtime library is responsible for coarray allocation, deallocation and accesses, image synchronization, atomic operations, events, and teams. In this interface, the compiler is responsible for transforming the invocation of Fortran-level parallel features into procedure calls to the necessary PRIF procedures. The interface is designed for portability across shared- and distributed-memory machines, different operating systems, and multiple architectures. Implementations of this interface are intended as an augmentation for the compiler's own runtime library. With an implementation-agnostic interface, alternative parallel runtime libraries may be developed that support the same interface. One benefit of this approach is the ability to vary the communication substrate. A central aim of this document is to define a parallel runtime interface in standard Fortran syntax, which enables us to leverage Fortran to succinctly express various properties of the procedure interfaces, including argument attributes.class-fortran (c-lbnl-label)LBLCS-class-fortran (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfCC-BY-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f7747b1https://escholarship.org/content/qt5f7747b1/qt5f7747b1.pdfinfo:doi/10.25344/S4DG6Sarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7g3496712026-06-14T17:45:49Zqt7g349671First detection of the BAO signal from early DESI dataMoon, JeonginValcin, DavidRashkovetskyi, MichaelSaulder, ChristophAguilar, Jessica NicoleAhlen, StevenAlam, ShadabBailey, StephenBaltay, CharlesBlum, RobertBrooks, DavidBurtin, EtienneChaussidon, EdmondDawson, Kylede la Macorra, Axelde M attia, ArnaudDhungana, GovindaEisenstein, DanielFlaugher, BrennaFont-Ribera, AndreuForero-Romero, Jaime EGarcia-Quintero, CristhianGontcho, Satya Gontcho AGuy, JulienHanif, Malik Muhammad SikandarHonscheid, KlausIshak, MustaphaKehoe, RobertKim, SumiKisner, TheodoreKremin, AnthonyLandriau, MartinLe Guillou, LaurentLevi, MichaelManera, MarcMartini, PaulMcDonald, PatrickMeisner, AaronMiquel, RamonMoustakas, JohnMyers, AdamNadathur, SeshadriNeveux, RichardNewman, Jeffrey ANie, JundanPadmanabhan, NikhilPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePercival, WillFernández, Alejandro PérezPoppett, ClairePrada, FranciscoRaichoor, AnandRoss, Ashley JRossi, GrazianoSamushia, LadoSchlegel, DavidSeo, Hee-JongTarlé, GregoryMagana, Mariana VargasVariu, AndreiWeaver, Benjamin AlanWhite, Martin JYèche, ChristopheYuan, SihanZhao, ChengZhou, RongpuZhou, ZhiminZou, Hu2023-09-11ABSTRACT We present the first detection of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) signal obtained using unblinded data collected during the initial 2 months of operations of the Stage-IV ground-based Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). From a selected sample of 261 291 luminous red galaxies spanning the redshift interval 0.4 < z < 1.1 and covering 1651 square degrees with a 57.9 per cent completeness level, we report a ∼5σ level BAO detection and the measurement of the BAO location at a precision of 1.7 per cent. Using a bright galaxy sample of 109 523 galaxies in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.5, over 3677 square degrees with a 50.0 per cent completeness, we also detect the BAO feature at ∼3σ significance with a 2.6 per cent precision. These first BAO measurements represent an important milestone, acting as a quality control on the optimal performance of the complex robotically actuated, fibre-fed DESI spectrograph, as well as an early validation of the DESI spectroscopic pipeline and data management system. Based on these first promising results, we forecast that DESI is on target to achieve a high-significance BAO detection at sub-per cent precision with the completed 5-yr survey data, meeting the top-level science requirements on BAO measurements. This exquisite level of precision will set new standards in cosmology and confirm DESI as the most competitive BAO experiment for the remainder of this decade.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)galaxies: statisticscosmology: large-scale structure of Universeobservationsdark energymethods: data analysisstatistical0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7g349671https://escholarship.org/content/qt7g349671/qt7g349671.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/mnras/stad2618articleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 525, iss 45406 - 5422oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4sn2p0kg2026-06-14T17:39:16Zqt4sn2p0kgA multiscale predictive digital twin for neurocardiac modulationYang, Pei‐ChiRose, AdamDeMarco, Kevin RDawson, John RDHan, YanxiaoJeng, Mao‐TsuenHarvey, Robert DSantana, L FernandoRipplinger, Crystal MVorobyov, IgorLewis, Timothy JClancy, Colleen E2023-09-01Cardiac function is tightly regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and stroke volume, while parasympathetic nerve stimulation instantly slows heart rate. Importantly, imbalance in autonomic control of the heart has been implicated in the development of arrhythmias and heart failure. Understanding of the mechanisms and effects of autonomic stimulation is a major challenge because synapses in different regions of the heart result in multiple changes to heart function. For example, nerve synapses on the sinoatrial node (SAN) impact pacemaking, while synapses on contractile cells alter contraction and arrhythmia vulnerability. Here, we present a multiscale neurocardiac modelling and simulator tool that predicts the effect of efferent stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS on the cardiac SAN and ventricular myocardium. The model includes a layered representation of the ANS and reproduces firing properties measured experimentally. Model parameters are derived from experiments and atomistic simulations. The model is a first prototype of a digital twin that is applied to make predictions across all system scales, from subcellular signalling to pacemaker frequency to tissue level responses. We predict conditions under which autonomic imbalance induces proarrhythmia and can be modified to prevent or inhibit arrhythmia. In summary, the multiscale model constitutes a predictive digital twin framework to test and guide high-throughput prediction of novel neuromodulatory therapy. KEY POINTS: A multi-layered model representation of the autonomic nervous system that includes sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, each with sparse random intralayer connectivity, synaptic dynamics and conductance based integrate-and-fire neurons generates firing patterns in close agreement with experiment. A key feature of the neurocardiac computational model is the connection between the autonomic nervous system and both pacemaker and contractile cells, where modification to pacemaker frequency drives initiation of electrical signals in the contractile cells. We utilized atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations to predict the association and dissociation rates of noradrenaline with the β-adrenergic receptor. Multiscale predictions demonstrate how autonomic imbalance may increase proclivity to arrhythmias or be used to terminate arrhythmias. The model serves as a first step towards a digital twin for predicting neuromodulation to prevent or reduce disease.3208 Medical Physiology (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)Cardiovascular (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Heart Disease (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)Humans (mesh)Heart (mesh)Autonomic Nervous System (mesh)ArrhythmiasCardiac (mesh)Parasympathetic Nervous System (mesh)Sympathetic Nervous System (mesh)Heart Rate (mesh)Sinoatrial Node (mesh)arrhythmiaautonomic nervous systemcardiac electrophysiologycomputational modeldigital twinsparasympatheticsympathetic nervous systemHeart (mesh)Sinoatrial Node (mesh)Autonomic Nervous System (mesh)Parasympathetic Nervous System (mesh)Sympathetic Nervous System (mesh)Humans (mesh)Heart Rate (mesh)ArrhythmiasCardiac (mesh)arrhythmiaautonomic nervous systemcardiac electrophysiologycomputational modeldigital twinsparasympatheticsympathetic nervous systemHumans (mesh)Heart (mesh)Autonomic Nervous System (mesh)ArrhythmiasCardiac (mesh)Parasympathetic Nervous System (mesh)Sympathetic Nervous System (mesh)Heart Rate (mesh)Sinoatrial Node (mesh)06 Biological Sciences (for)11 Medical and Health Sciences (for)Physiology (science-metrix)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sn2p0kghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4sn2p0kg/qt4sn2p0kg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1113/jp284391articleThe Journal of Physiology, vol 601, iss 173789 - 3812oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt64j537n02026-06-14T17:29:15Zqt64j537n0Intrinsic alignment as an RSD contaminant in the DESI surveyLamman, ClaireEisenstein, DanielAguilar, Jessica NicoleBrooks, Davidde la Macorra, AxelDoel, PeterFont-Ribera, AndreuGontcho, Satya Gontcho AHonscheid, KlausKehoe, RobertKisner, TheodoreKremin, AnthonyLandriau, MartinLevi, MichaelMiquel, RamonMoustakas, JohnPalanque-Delabrouille, NathaliePoppett, ClaireSchubnell, MichaelTarlé, Gregory2023-04-13ABSTRACT We measure the tidal alignment of the major axes of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the Legacy Imaging Survey and use it to infer the artificial redshift-space distortion signature that will arise from an orientation-dependent, surface-brightness selection in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. Using photometric redshifts to downweight the shape–density correlations due to weak lensing, we measure the intrinsic tidal alignment of LRGs. Separately, we estimate the net polarization of LRG orientations from DESI’s fibre-magnitude target selection to be of order 10−2 along the line of sight. Using these measurements and a linear tidal model, we forecast a 0.5 per cent fractional decrease on the quadrupole of the two-point correlation function for projected separations of 40–80 h−1 Mpc. We also use a halo catalogue from the Abacussummit cosmological simulation suite to reproduce this false quadrupole.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)methods: data analysisdark energylarge-scale structure of Universecosmology: observationsmethods: data analysisdark energylarge-scale structure of Universecosmology: observations0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/64j537n0https://escholarship.org/content/qt64j537n0/qt64j537n0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1093/mnras/stad950articleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 522, iss 1117 - 129oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1507s9df2026-06-14T17:27:56Zqt1507s9dfEffectiveness and predictability of in-network storage cache for Scientific WorkflowsSim, CaitlinWu, KeshengSim, AlexMonga, InderGuok, ChinWürthwein, FrankDavila, DiegoNewman, HarveyBalcas, Justas2023-02-22Large scientific collaborations often have multiple scientists accessing the same set of files while doing different analyses, which create repeated accesses to the large amounts of shared data located far away. These data accesses have long latency due to distance and occupy the limited bandwidth available over the wide-area network. To reduce the wide-area network traffic and the data access latency, regional data storage caches have been installed as a new networking service. To study the effectiveness of such a cache system in scientific applications, we examine the Southern California Petabyte Scale Cache for a high-energy physics experiment. By examining about 3TB of operational logs, we show that this cache removed 67.6% of file requests from the wide-area network and reduced the traffic volume on wide-area network by 12. 3TB (or 35.4%) an average day. The reduction in the traffic volume (35.4%) is less than the reduction in file counts (67.6%) because the larger files are less likely to be reused. Due to this difference in data access patterns, the cache system has implemented a policy to avoid evicting smaller files when processing larger files. We also build a machine learning model to study the predictability of the cache behavior. Tests show that this model is able to accurately predict the cache accesses, cache misses, and network throughput, making the model useful for future studies on resource provisioning and planning.33 Built Environment and Design (for-2020)3301 Architecture (for-2020)Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (rcdc)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)in-network cachingdata throughputtransfer performancedata access trendsapplication/pdfCC-BY-NC-NDeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1507s9dfhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1507s9df/qt1507s9df.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/icnc57223.2023.10074058article2023 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS, ICNC, vol 00226 - 230oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2400c76b2026-06-14T17:24:39Zqt2400c76bThe Spectroscopic Data Processing Pipeline for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic InstrumentGuy, JBailey, SKremin, AAlam, ShadabAlexander, DMPrieto, C AllendeBenZvi, SBolton, ASBrooks, DChaussidon, ECooper, APDawson, Kde la Macorra, ADey, ADey, BiprateepDhungana, GEisenstein, DJFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGreen, DHonscheid, KIshak, MKehoe, RKirkby, DKisner, TKoposov, Sergey ELan, Ting-WenLandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, Michael EMagneville, CManser, Christopher JMartini, PMeisner, Aaron MMiquel, RMoustakas, JMyers, Adam DNewman, Jeffrey ANie, JundanPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRaichoor, ARavoux, CRoss, AJSchlafly, EFSchlegel, DSchubnell, MSharples, Ray MTarlé, GregoryWeaver, BAYéche, ChristopheZhou, RongpuZhou, ZhiminZou, H2023-04-01We describe the spectroscopic data processing pipeline of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), which is conducting a redshift survey of about 40 million galaxies and quasars using a purpose-built instrument on the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The main goal of DESI is to measure with unprecedented precision the expansion history of the universe with the baryon acoustic oscillation technique and the growth rate of structure with redshift space distortions. Ten spectrographs with three cameras each disperse the light from 5000 fibers onto 30 CCDs, covering the near-UV to near-infrared (3600–9800 Å) with a spectral resolution ranging from 2000 to 5000. The DESI data pipeline generates wavelength- and flux-calibrated spectra of all the targets, along with spectroscopic classifications and redshift measurements. Fully processed data from each night are typically available to the DESI collaboration the following morning. We give details about the pipeline’s algorithms, and provide performance results on the stability of the optics, the quality of the sky background subtraction, and the precision and accuracy of the instrumental calibration. This pipeline has been used to process the DESI Survey Validation data set, and has exceeded the project’s requirements for redshift performance, with high efficiency and a purity greater than 99% for all target classes.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2400c76bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2400c76b/qt2400c76b.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/acb212articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 165, iss 4144oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3jd3278g2026-06-14T17:24:04Zqt3jd3278gTarget Selection and Validation of DESI Emission Line GalaxiesRaichoor, AMoustakas, JNewman, Jeffrey AKarim, TAhlen, SAlam, ShadabBailey, SBrooks, DDawson, Kde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADey, ADey, BiprateepDhungana, GEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJFanning, KFont-Ribera, AGarcía-Bellido, JGaztañaga, EGontcho, S Gontcho AGuy, JHonscheid, KIshak, MKehoe, RKisner, TKremin, AnthonyLan, Ting-WenLandriau, MLe Guillou, LLevi, Michael EMagneville, CManera, MMartini, PMeisner, Aaron MMyers, Adam DNie, JundanPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRoss, AJRuhlmann-Kleider, VSabiu, CGSchlafly, EFSchlegel, DTarlé, GregoryWeaver, BAYèche, ChristopheZhou, RongpuZhou, ZhiminZou, H2023-03-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will precisely constrain cosmic expansion and the growth of structure by collecting ∼40 million extragalactic redshifts across ∼80% of cosmic history and one-third of the sky. The Emission Line galaxy (ELG) sample, which will comprise about one-third of all DESI tracers, will be used to probe the universe over the 0.6 < z < 1.6 range, including the 1.1 < z < 1.6 range, which is expected to provide the tightest constraints. We present the target selection for the DESI Survey Validation (SV) and Main Survey ELG samples, which relies on the imaging of the Legacy Surveys. The Main ELG selection consists of a g-band magnitude cut and a (g − r) versus (r − z) color box, while the SV selection explores extensions of the Main selection boundaries. The Main ELG sample is composed of two disjoint subsamples, which have target densities of about 1940 deg−2 and 460 deg−2, respectively. We first characterize their photometric properties and density variations across the footprint. We then analyze the DESI spectroscopic data that have been obtained from 2020 December to 2021 December in the SV and Main Survey. We establish a preliminary criterion for selecting reliable redshifts, based on the [O ii] flux measurement, and assess its performance. Using this criterion, we are able to present the spectroscopic efficiency of the Main ELG selection, along with its redshift distribution. We thus demonstrate that the Main selection 1940 deg−2 subsample alone should provide 400 deg−2 and 460 deg−2 reliable redshifts in the 0.6 < z < 1.1 and the 1.1 < z < 1.6 ranges, respectively.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jd3278ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3jd3278g/qt3jd3278g.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/acb213articleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 165, iss 3126oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1n37d5c52026-06-14T17:20:18Zqt1n37d5c5Target Selection and Validation of DESI Luminous Red GalaxiesZhou, RongpuDey, BiprateepNewman, Jeffrey AEisenstein, Daniel JDawson, KBailey, SBerti, AGuy, JLan, Ting-WenZou, HAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, ShadabBrooks, Dde la Macorra, ADey, ADhungana, GFanning, KFont-Ribera, AGontcho, S Gontcho AHonscheid, KIshak, MustaphaKisner, TKovács, AKremin, ALandriau, MLevi, Michael EMagneville, CManera, MarcMartini, PMeisner, Aaron MMiquel, RMoustakas, JMyers, Adam DNie, JundanPalanque-Delabrouille, NPercival, WJPoppett, CPrada, FRaichoor, ARoss, AJSchlafly, ESchlegel, DSchubnell, MTarlé, GregoryWeaver, BAWechsler, RHYéche, ChristopheZhou, Zhimin2023-02-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is carrying out a five-year survey that aims to measure the redshifts of tens of millions of galaxies and quasars, including 8 million luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the redshift range 0.4 < z ≲ 1.0. Here we present the selection of the DESI LRG sample and assess its spectroscopic performance using data from Survey Validation (SV) and the first two months of the Main Survey. The DESI LRG sample, selected using g, r, z, and W1 photometry from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, is highly robust against imaging systematics. The sample has a target density of 605 deg−2 and a comoving number density of 5 × 10−4 h 3 Mpc−3 in 0.4 < z < 0.8; this is a significantly higher density than previous LRG surveys (such as SDSS, BOSS, and eBOSS) while also extending to z ∼ 1. After applying a bright star veto mask developed for the sample, 98.9% of the observed LRG targets yield confident redshifts (with a catastrophic failure rate of 0.2% in the confident redshifts), and only 0.5% of the LRG targets are stellar contamination. The LRG redshift efficiency varies with source brightness and effective exposure time, and we present a simple model that accurately characterizes this dependence. In the appendices, we describe the extended LRG samples observed during SV.5109 Space Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n37d5c5https://escholarship.org/content/qt1n37d5c5/qt1n37d5c5.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/aca5fbarticleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 165, iss 258oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt88t642wk2026-06-14T17:16:54Zqt88t642wkiTat transgenic mice exhibit hyper-locomotion in the behavioral pattern monitor after chronic exposure to methamphetamine but are unaffected by Tat expressionAyoub, SamanthaKenton, Johnny AMilienne-Petiot, MorganeDeben, Debbie SAchim, CristianGeyer, Mark APerry, WilliamGrant, Igor EYoung, Jared WMinassian, ArpiTMARC2023-01-01Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the quality of life and lifespan in people living with HIV (PWH), millions continue to suffer from the neurobehavioral effects of the virus. Additionally, the abuse of illicit drugs (methamphetamine in particular) is significantly higher in PWH compared to the general population, which may further impact their neurological functions. The HIV regulatory protein, Tat, has been implicated in the neurobehavioral impacts of HIV and is purported to inhibit dopamine transporter (DAT) function in a way similar to methamphetamine. Thus, we hypothesized that a combination of Tat expression and methamphetamine would exert synergistic deleterious effects on behavior and DAT expression. We examined the impact of chronic methamphetamine exposure on exploration in transgenic mice expressing human Tat (iTat) vs. their wildtype littermates using the behavioral pattern monitor (BPM). During baseline, mice exhibited sex-dependent differences in BPM behavior, which persisted through methamphetamine exposure, and Tat activation with doxycycline. We observed a main effect of methamphetamine, wherein exposure, irrespective of genotype, increased locomotor activity and decreased specific exploration. After doxycycline treatment, mice continued to exhibit drug-dependent alterations in locomotion, with no effect of Tat, or methamphetamine interactions. DAT levels were higher in wildtype, saline-exposed males compared to all other groups. These data support stimulant-induced changes of locomotor activity and exploration, and suggest that viral Tat and methamphetamine do not synergistically interact to alter these behaviors in mice. These findings are important for future studies attempting to disentangle the effect of substances that impact DAT on HAND-relevant behaviors using such transgenic animals.3214 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Neurosciences (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Stimulant Use and Misuse (rcdc)Methamphetamine (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Male (mesh)Mice (mesh)Humans (mesh)Animals (mesh)MiceTransgenic (mesh)Methamphetamine (mesh)tat Gene ProductsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (mesh)Quality of Life (mesh)Doxycycline (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Locomotion (mesh)iTAT HIV modelBehavioral pattern monitorMouseMovementExplorationDopamineTMARCAnimals (mesh)MiceTransgenic (mesh)Humans (mesh)Mice (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Methamphetamine (mesh)Doxycycline (mesh)Locomotion (mesh)Quality of Life (mesh)Male (mesh)tat Gene ProductsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (mesh)Behavioral pattern monitorDopamineExplorationMouseMovementiTAT HIV modelMale (mesh)Mice (mesh)Humans (mesh)Animals (mesh)MiceTransgenic (mesh)Methamphetamine (mesh)tat Gene ProductsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (mesh)Quality of Life (mesh)Doxycycline (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Locomotion (mesh)1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/88t642wkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt88t642wk/qt88t642wk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173499articlePharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, vol 222173499oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8nb5w5532026-06-14T17:16:17Zqt8nb5w553Enabling FAIR data in Earth and environmental science with community-centric (meta)data reporting formatsCrystal-Ornelas, RobertVaradharajan, CharulekaO’Ryan, DylanBeilsmith, KathleenBond-Lamberty, BenjaminBoye, KristinBurrus, MadisonCholia, ShreyasChristianson, Danielle SCrow, MichaelDamerow, JoanEly, Kim SGoldman, Amy EHeinz, Susan LHendrix, Valerie CKakalia, ZarineMathes, KaylaO’Brien, FiannaPennington, Stephanie CRobles, EmilyRogers, AlistairSimmonds, MaegenVelliquette, TerriWeisenhorn, PamelaWelch, Jessica NicoleWhitenack, KarenAgarwal, Deborah A2022-01-01Research can be more transparent and collaborative by using Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles to publish Earth and environmental science data. Reporting formats—instructions, templates, and tools for consistently formatting data within a discipline—can help make data more accessible and reusable. However, the immense diversity of data types across Earth science disciplines makes development and adoption challenging. Here, we describe 11 community reporting formats for a diverse set of Earth science (meta)data including cross-domain metadata (dataset metadata, location metadata, sample metadata), file-formatting guidelines (file-level metadata, CSV files, terrestrial model data archiving), and domain-specific reporting formats for some biological, geochemical, and hydrological data (amplicon abundance tables, leaf-level gas exchange, soil respiration, water and sediment chemistry, sensor-based hydrologic measurements). More broadly, we provide guidelines that communities can use to create new (meta)data formats that integrate with their scientific workflows. Such reporting formats have the potential to accelerate scientific discovery and predictions by making it easier for data contributors to provide (meta)data that are more interoperable and reusable.46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)4601 Applied Computing (for-2020)Data Science (rcdc)Research Design (mesh)Environmental Science (mesh)Metadata (mesh)Workflow (mesh)Research Design (mesh)Workflow (mesh)Metadata (mesh)Environmental Science (mesh)Research Design (mesh)Environmental Science (mesh)Metadata (mesh)Workflow (mesh)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nb5w553https://escholarship.org/content/qt8nb5w553/qt8nb5w553.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/s41597-022-01606-warticleScientific Data, vol 9, iss 1700oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt660639fj2026-06-14T17:15:52Zqt660639fjOverview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic InstrumentCollaboration, DESIAbareshi, BAguilar, JAhlen, SAlam, ShadabAlexander, David MAlfarsy, RAllen, LPrieto, C AllendeAlves, OAmeel, JArmengaud, EAsorey, JAviles, AlejandroBailey, SBalaguera-Antolínez, ABallester, OBaltay, CBault, ABeltran, SFBenavides, BBenZvi, SBerti, ABesuner, RBeutler, FlorianBianchi, DBlake, CBlanc, PBlum, RBolton, ABose, SBramall, DBrieden, SBrodzeller, ABrooks, DBrownewell, CBuckley-Geer, ECahn, RNCai, ZCanning, RCapasso, RRosell, A CarneroCarton, PCasas, RCastander, FJCervantes-Cota, JLChabanier, SChaussidon, EChuang, CCircosta, CCole, SCooper, APda Costa, LCousinou, M-CCuceu, ADavis, TMDawson, Kde la Cruz-Noriega, Rde la Macorra, Ade Mattia, ADella Costa, JDemmer, PDerwent, MDey, ADey, BDhungana, GDing, ZDobson, CDoel, PDonald-McCann, JDonaldson, JDouglass, KDuan, YDunlop, PEdelstein, JEftekharzadeh, SEisenstein, DJEnriquez-Vargas, MEscoffier, SEvatt, MFagrelius, PFan, XFanning, KFawcett, VAFerraro, SEreza, JFlaugher, BFont-Ribera, AForero-Romero, JEFrenk, CSFromenteau, SGänsicke, BTGarcia-Quintero, CGarrison, LGaztañaga, EGerardi, FGil-Marín, HGontcho, S Gontcho AGonzalez-Morales, Alma XGonzalez-de-Rivera, G2022-11-01The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/660639fjinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-3881/ac882barticleThe Astronomical Journal, vol 164, iss 5207oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0kk9m9v82026-06-14T17:02:32Zqt0kk9m9v8Measurements of the Higgs boson inclusive and differential fiducial cross-sections in the diphoton decay channel with pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbbott, DCAbed Abud, AAbeling, KAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAboulhorma, AAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAbusleme Hoffman, ACAcharya, BSAchkar, BAdam, LAdam Bourdarios, CAdamczyk, LAdamek, LAddepalli, SVAdelman, JAdiguzel, AAdorni, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgapopoulou, CAgaras, MNAgarwala, JAggarwal, AAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmad, AAhmadov, FAhmed, WSAi, XAielli, GAizenberg, IAkatsuka, SAkbiyik, MÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAl Khoury, KAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlfonsi, AAlfonsi, FAlhroob, MAli, BAli, SAliev, MAlimonti, GAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlunno Camelia, EAlvarez Estevez, MAlviggi, MGAmaral Coutinho, YAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmos, KRAmrouche, CSAnaniev, VAnastopoulos, CAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, JKAndrean, SYAndreazza, AAngelidakis, SAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntipov, EAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MAparisi Pozo, JAAparo, MAAperio Bella, LAranzabal, NAraujo Ferraz, VArcangeletti, C2022-01-01A measurement of inclusive and differential fiducial cross-sections for the production of the Higgs boson decaying into two photons is performed using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at s$$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The inclusive cross-section times branching ratio, in a fiducial region closely matching the experimental selection, is measured to be 67 ± 6 fb, which is in agreement with the state-of-the-art Standard Model prediction of 64 ± 4 fb. Extrapolating this result to the full phase space and correcting for the branching ratio, the total cross-section for Higgs boson production is estimated to be 58 ± 6 pb. In addition, the cross-sections in four fiducial regions sensitive to various Higgs boson production modes and differential cross-sections as a function of either one or two of several observables are measured. All the measurements are found to be in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. The measured transverse momentum distribution of the Higgs boson is used as an indirect probe of the Yukawa coupling of the Higgs boson to the bottom and charm quarks. In addition, five differential cross-section measurements are used to constrain anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons in the Standard Model effective field theory framework.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron ScatteringHiggs Physics0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kk9m9v8https://escholarship.org/content/qt0kk9m9v8/qt0kk9m9v8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep08(2022)027articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2022, iss 827oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9gd011xp2026-06-14T16:56:56Zqt9gd011xpThe Majorana Demonstrator readout electronics systemAbgrall, NAmman, MArnquist, IJAvignone, FTBarabash, ASBarton, CJBarton, PJBertrand, FEBhimani, KHBos, BBradley, AWBurritt, THBusch, MBuuck, MCaldwell, TSChan, Y-DChristofferson, CDChu, P-HClark, MLCooper, RJCuesta, CDetwiler, JADrobizhev, AEdwins, DWEfremenko, YuEjiri, HElliott, SRGilliss, TGiovanetti, GKGreen, MPGruszko, JGuinn, ISGuiseppe, VEHaufe, CRHegedus, RJHenning, RAguilar, D HervasHoppe, EWHostiuc, AKidd, MFKim, IKouzes, RTLi, ALoach, JCLopez, AMLópez-Castaño, JMLuke, PNMartin, ELMartin, RDMassarczyk, RMeijer, SJMertens, SMyslik, JOli, TKOthman, GPeterson, DPettus, WPoon, AWPRadford, DCRager, JReine, ALRielage, KRobertson, RGHRuof, NWSayki, BStortini, MJTedeschi, DTurqueti, MVan Wechel, TDVarner, RLVasilyev, SVetter, KWilkerson, JFWiseman, CXu, WYaver, HYu, C-HZhu, BXZimmermann, S2022-05-01The Majorana Demonstrator comprises two arrays of high-purity germanium detectors constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76Ge and other physics beyond the Standard Model. Its readout electronics were designed to have low electronic noise, and radioactive backgrounds were minimized by using low-mass components and low-radioactivity materials near the detectors. This paper provides a description of all components of the Majorana Demonstrator readout electronics, spanning the front-end electronics and internal cabling, back-end electronics, digitizer, and power supplies, along with the grounding scheme. The spectroscopic performance achieved with these readout electronics is also demonstrated.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Double-beta decay detectorsElectronic detector readout concepts (solid-state)Front-end electronics for detector readoutNSD-Applied Nuclear Physics (c-lbnl-label)NSD-Neutrinos (c-lbnl-label)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gd011xphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9gd011xp/qt9gd011xp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/t05003articleJournal of Instrumentation, vol 17, iss 05t05003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt61g558fc2026-06-14T16:49:07Zqt61g558fcMeasurement of cold nuclear matter effects for inclusive J/ψ in p+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeVCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AI2022-02-01Measurement by the STAR experiment at RHIC of the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects experienced by inclusive J / ψ at mid-rapidity in 0-100% p+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV is presented. Such effects are quantified utilizing the nuclear modification factor, R p Au , obtained by taking a ratio of J / ψ yield in p+Au collisions to that in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The differential J / ψ yield in both p+p and p+Au collisions is measured through the dimuon decay channel, taking advantage of the trigger capability provided by the Muon Telescope Detector in the RHIC 2015 run. Consequently, the J / ψ R p Au is derived within the transverse momentum ( p T ) range of 0 to 10 GeV/c. A suppression of approximately 30% is observed for p T < 2 GeV/c, while J / ψ R p Au becomes compatible with unity for p T greater than 3 GeV/c, indicating the J / ψ yield is minimally affected by the CNM effects at high p T . Comparison to a similar measurement from 0-20% central Au+Au collisions reveals that the observed strong J / ψ suppression above 3 GeV/c is mostly due to the hot medium effects, providing strong evidence for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in these collisions. Several model calculations show qualitative agreement with the measured J / ψ R p Au , while their agreement with the J / ψ yields in p+p and p+Au collisions is worse.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)RHICCold nuclear matter effectsJ/psi suppressionNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/61g558fchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt61g558fc/qt61g558fc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136865articlePhysics Letters B, vol 825136865oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt26x646nc2026-06-14T16:49:01Zqt26x646ncSearch for the Chiral Magnetic Effect via Charge-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations Relative to Spectator and Participant Planes in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeVAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHan, YHarabasz, SHarasty, MD2022-03-04The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to charge separation along a strong magnetic field due to imbalanced chirality of quarks in local parity and charge-parity violating domains in quantum chromodynamics. The experimental measurement of the charge separation is made difficult by the presence of a major background from elliptic azimuthal anisotropy. This background and the CME signal have different sensitivities to the spectator and participant planes, and could thus be determined by measurements with respect to these planes. We report such measurements in Au+Au collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. It is found that the charge separation, with the flow background removed, is consistent with zero in peripheral (large impact parameter) collisions. Some indication of finite CME signals is seen in midcentral (intermediate impact parameter) collisions. Significant residual background effects may, however, still be present.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)STAR CollaborationNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BY-NCeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/26x646nchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt26x646nc/qt26x646nc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.128.092301articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 128, iss 9092301oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2qw2m22g2026-06-14T16:48:13Zqt2qw2m22gThe Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 DataAbdurro’ufAccetta, KatherineAerts, ConnyAguirre, Víctor SilvaAhumada, RominaAjgaonkar, NikhilAk, N FilizAlam, ShadabPrieto, Carlos AllendeAlmeida, AndrésAnders, FriedrichAnderson, Scott FAndrews, Brett HAnguiano, BorjaAquino-Ortíz, ErikAragón-Salamanca, AlfonsoArgudo-Fernández, MariaAta, MetinAubert, MarieAvila-Reese, VladimirBadenes, CarlesBarbá, Rodolfo HBarger, KatBarrera-Ballesteros, Jorge KBeaton, Rachael LBeers, Timothy CBelfiore, FrancescoBender, Chad FBernardi, MariangelaBershady, Matthew ABeutler, FlorianBidin, Christian MoniBird, Jonathan CBizyaev, DmitryBlanc, Guillermo ABlanton, Michael RBoardman, Nicholas FraserBolton, Adam SBoquien, MédéricBorissova, JuraBovy, JoBrandt, WNBrown, JordanBrownstein, Joel RBrusa, MarcellaBuchner, JohannesBundy, KevinBurchett, Joseph NBureau, MartinBurgasser, AdamCabang, Tuesday KCampbell, StephanieCappellari, MicheleCarlberg, Joleen KWanderley, Fábio CarneiroCarrera, RicardoCash, JenniferChen, Yan-PingChen, Wei-HuaiCherinka, BrianChiappini, CristinaChoi, Peter DoohyunChojnowski, S DrewChung, HaeunClerc, NicolasCohen, Roger EComerford, Julia MComparat, Johanda Costa, LuizCovey, KevinCrane, Jeffrey DCruz-Gonzalez, IreneCulhane, ConnorCunha, KatiaDai, Y SophiaDamke, GuillermoDarling, JeremyDavidson, James WDavies, RogerDawson, KyleDe Lee, NathanDiamond-Stanic, Aleksandar MCano-Díaz, MarianaSánchez, Helena DomínguezDonor, JohnDuckworth, ChrisDwelly, TomEisenstein, Daniel JElsworth, Yvonne PEmsellem, EricEracleous, MikeEscoffier, StephanieFan, XiaohuiFarr, EmilyFeng, ShuaiFernández-Trincado, José GFeuillet, DianeFilipp, AndreasFillingham, Sean PFrinchaboy, Peter M2022-04-01This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qw2m22ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2qw2m22g/qt2qw2m22g.pdfinfo:doi/10.3847/1538-4365/ac4414articleThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol 259, iss 235oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3813v2ts2026-06-14T16:45:17Zqt3813v2tsStabilization and control of persistent current magnets using variable inductanceBrouwer, LucasShen, TengmingNorris, RyanHafalia, AurelioSchlueter, RossWang, LiCiston, JimErcius, PeterJi, QingMankos, MarianOphus, ColinStibor, AlexanderSchmid, AndreasMinor, Andrew MDenes, Peter2022-04-01Ultra-stable, tunable magnetic fields are desirable for a wide range of applications in medical imaging, electron microscopy, quantum science, and atomic physics. Superconducting magnets operated in persistent current mode, with device current flowing in a closed superconducting loop disconnected from a power source, are a common approach for applications with the most stringent requirements on temporal field stability. We present a method for active control of this persistent current by means of dynamic inductance change within the superconducting circuit. For a first realization of this general technique, we consider a variable superconducting inductor placed in series with the main magnet. The inductor acts as a dynamic flux storage device capable of transferring flux to or from the main magnet through inductance change. This allows for fine and fast adjustments of the persistent current without the use of thermal switches that limit the speed and accuracy of many present-day methods. With first experiments employing this technique, we demonstrate stabilization of a 1.95 T Nb–Ti round lens for electron microscopy against decay resulting from residual losses in the superconducting circuit, and more generally show flexibility for precise control over the magnitude and waveform of the persistent current.40 Engineering (for-2020)4009 ElectronicsSensors and Digital Hardware (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)5104 Condensed Matter Physics (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)superconducting magnetspersistent currentsuperconducting jointsmedical imagingcryogenic electron microscopy0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4016 Materials engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3813v2tshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3813v2ts/qt3813v2ts.pdfinfo:doi/10.1088/1361-6668/ac549barticleSuperconductor Science and Technology, vol 35, iss 4045011oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5q34f32q2026-06-14T16:45:02Zqt5q34f32qDisappearance of partonic collectivity in s NN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHICCollaboration, STARAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, W2022-04-01We report on the measurements of directed flow v 1 and elliptic flow v 2 for hadrons ( π ± , K ± , K S 0 , p, ϕ, Λ and Ξ − ) from Au+Au collisions at s N N = 3 GeV and v 2 for ( π ± , K ± , p and p ‾ ) at 27 and 54.4GeV with the STAR experiment. While at the two higher energy midcentral collisions the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling holds, at 3GeV the v 2 at midrapidity is negative for all hadrons and the NCQ scaling is absent. In addition, the v 1 slopes at midrapidity for almost all observed hadrons are found to be positive, implying dominant repulsive baryonic interactions. The features of negative v 2 and positive v 1 slope at 3GeV can be reproduced with a baryonic mean-field in transport model calculations. These results imply that the medium in such collisions is likely characterized by baryonic interactions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q34f32qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5q34f32q/qt5q34f32q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137003articlePhysics Letters B, vol 827137003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1fp7x0gq2026-06-14T16:40:05Zqt1fp7x0gqSearch for the chiral magnetic effect with isobar collisions at sNN=200 GeV by the STAR Collaboration at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAbdallah, MSAboona, BEAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, ICai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDixit, PDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, A2022-01-01The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is predicted to occur as a consequence of a local violation of P and CP symmetries of the strong interaction amidst a strong electromagnetic field generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Experimental manifestation of the CME involves a separation of positively and negatively charged hadrons along the direction of the magnetic field. Previous measurements of the CME-sensitive charge-separation observables remain inconclusive because of large background contributions. To better control the influence of signal and backgrounds, the STAR Collaboration performed a blind analysis of a large data sample of approximately 3.8 billion isobar collisions of Ru4496+Ru4496 and Zr4096+Zr4096 at sNN=200 GeV. Prior to the blind analysis, the CME signatures are predefined as a significant excess of the CME-sensitive observables in Ru+Ru collisions over those in Zr+Zr collisions, owing to a larger magnetic field in the former. A precision down to 0.4% is achieved, as anticipated, in the relative magnitudes of the pertinent observables between the two isobar systems. Observed differences in the multiplicity and flow harmonics at the matching centrality indicate that the magnitude of the CME background is different between the two species. No CME signature that satisfies the predefined criteria has been observed in isobar collisions in this blind analysis.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fp7x0gqhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1fp7x0gq/qt1fp7x0gq.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.105.014901articlePhysical Review C, vol 105, iss 1014901oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2x2108sb2026-06-14T16:35:39Zqt2x2108sbThe global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult CancerAlvarez, Elysia MForce, Lisa MXu, RixingCompton, KellyLu, DanHenrikson, Hannah JacquelineKocarnik, Jonathan MHarvey, James DPennini, AlyssaDean, Frances EFu, WeijiaVargas, Martina TKeegan, Theresa HMAriffin, HanyBarr, Ronald DErdomaeva, Yana ArturovnaGunasekera, D SanjeevaJohn-Akinola, Yetunde OKetterl, Tyler GKutluk, TezerMalogolowkin, Marcio HenriqueMathur, PrashantRadhakrishnan, VenkatramanRies, Lynn Ann GloecklerRodriguez-Galindo, CarlosSagoyan, Garik BarisovichSultan, IyadAbbasi, BehzadAbbasi-Kangevari, MohsenAbbasi-Kangevari, ZeinabAbbastabar, HedayatAbdelmasseh, MichaelAbd-Elsalam, SheriefAbdoli, AmirAbebe, HaimanotAbedi, AidinAbidi, HassanAbolhassani, HassanAli, Hiwa AbubakerAbu-Gharbieh, EmanAchappa, BasavaprabhuAcuna, Juan ManuelAdedeji, Isaac AkinkunmiAdegboye, Oyelola AAdnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas SakilahAdvani, Shailesh MAfzal, Muhammad SohailMeybodi, Mohamad AghaieAhadinezhad, BahmanAhinkorah, Bright OpokuAhmad, SajjadAhmadi, SepidehAhmed, Muktar BeshirRashid, Tarik AhmedSalih, Yusra AhmedAiman, WajeehaAkalu, Gizachew TaddesseAl Hamad, HanadiAlahdab, FaresAlAmodi, Abdulhadi AAlanezi, Fahad MashhourAlanzi, Turki MAlem, Adugnaw ZelekeAlem, Dejene TsegayeAlemayehu, YosefAlhalaiqa, Fadwa NajiAlhassan, Robert KabaAli, SaqibAlicandro, GianfrancoAlipour, VahidAljunid, Syed MohamedAlkhayyat, MotasemAlluri, SunithaAlmasri, Nihad AAl-Maweri, Sadeq AliAlmustanyir, SamiAl-Raddadi, Rajaa MAlvis-Guzman, NelsonAmeyaw, Edward KwabenaAmini, SaeedAmu, HubertAncuceanu, RobertAndrei, Catalina LilianaAndrei, TudorelAnsari, FereshtehAnsari-Moghaddam, AlirezaAnvari, DavoodAnyasodor, Anayochukwu EdwardArabloo, JalalArab-Zozani, MortezaArgaw, Ayele MamoArshad, MuhammadArulappan, JudieAryannejad, ArminAsemi, ZatollahJafarabadi, Mohammad AsghariAtashzar, Mohammad RezaAtorkeyAtreya, Alok2022-01-01BACKGROUND: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults.
METHODS: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults.
FINDINGS: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9-15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6-14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9-25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9-3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4-98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally.
INTERPRETATION: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts.
FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3211 Oncology and Carcinogenesis (for-2020)Rare Diseases (rcdc)Burden of Illness (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)2.4 Surveillance and distribution (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Cause of Death (mesh)Disability-Adjusted Life Years (mesh)Female (mesh)Global Burden of Disease (mesh)Global Health (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Life Expectancy (mesh)Male (mesh)Mortality (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer CollaboratorsHumans (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)Life Expectancy (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Mortality (mesh)Cause of Death (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Global Health (mesh)Global Burden of Disease (mesh)Disability-Adjusted Life Years (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Cause of Death (mesh)Disability-Adjusted Life Years (mesh)Female (mesh)Global Burden of Disease (mesh)Global Health (mesh)Humans (mesh)Incidence (mesh)Life Expectancy (mesh)Male (mesh)Mortality (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Risk Factors (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis (for)Oncology & Carcinogenesis (science-metrix)3211 Oncology and carcinogenesis (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x2108sbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2x2108sb/qt2x2108sb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00581-7articleThe Lancet Oncology, vol 23, iss 127 - 52oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8c88r2ck2026-06-14T16:31:37Zqt8c88r2ckTopological network analysis of patient similarity for precision management of acute blood pressure in spinal cord injuryTorres-Espín, AbelHaefeli, JennyEhsanian, RezaTorres, DoloresAlmeida, Carlos AHuie, J RussellChou, AustinMorozov, DmitriySanderson, NicoleDirlikov, BenjaminSuen, Catherine GNielson, Jessica LKyritsis, NikosHemmerle, Debra DTalbott, Jason FManley, Geoffrey TDhall, Sanjay SWhetstone, William DBresnahan, Jacqueline CBeattie, Michael SMcKenna, Stephen LPan, Jonathan ZFerguson, Adam RBeattieBresnahan, JCBurke, JFChou, Ade Almeida, CADhall, SSDiGiorgio, AMDoung-Fernandez, XFerguson, ARHaefeli, JHemmerle, DDHuieKyritsis, NManley, GTMoncivais, SOmondi, CPan, JZPascual, LUSingh, VTalbott, JFThomas, LHTorres-Espin, AWeinstein, PWhetstone, WD2021-01-01Background: Predicting neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is challenging. Using topological data analysis, we have previously shown that mean arterial pressure (MAP) during SCI surgery predicts long-term functional recovery in rodent models, motivating the present multicenter study in patients.
Methods: Intra-operative monitoring records and neurological outcome data were extracted (n = 118 patients). We built a similarity network of patients from a low-dimensional space embedded using a non-linear algorithm, Isomap, and ensured topological extraction using persistent homology metrics. Confirmatory analysis was conducted through regression methods.
Results: Network analysis suggested that time outside of an optimum MAP range (hypotension or hypertension) during surgery was associated with lower likelihood of neurological recovery at hospital discharge. Logistic and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression confirmed these findings, revealing an optimal MAP range of 76-[104-117] mmHg associated with neurological recovery.
Conclusions: We show that deviation from this optimal MAP range during SCI surgery predicts lower probability of neurological recovery and suggest new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Funding: NIH/NINDS: R01NS088475 (ARF); R01NS122888 (ARF); UH3NS106899 (ARF); Department of Veterans Affairs: 1I01RX002245 (ARF), I01RX002787 (ARF); Wings for Life Foundation (ATE, ARF); Craig H. Neilsen Foundation (ARF); and DOD: SC150198 (MSB); SC190233 (MSB).32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)Neurosciences (rcdc)Traumatic Head and Spine Injury (rcdc)Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects (rcdc)Spinal Cord Injury (rcdc)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Arterial Pressure (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)MonitoringIntraoperative (mesh)Recovery of Function (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Spinal Cord Injuries (mesh)topological networks analysisspinal cord injuryblood pressuremachine learningsurgeryHumanTRACK-SCI InvestigatorsHumans (mesh)Spinal Cord Injuries (mesh)MonitoringIntraoperative (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Recovery of Function (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Arterial Pressure (mesh)blood pressurecomputational biologyhumanmachine learningmedicinespinal cord injurysurgerysystems biologytopological networks analysisAdult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Arterial Pressure (mesh)Blood Pressure (mesh)Humans (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)MonitoringIntraoperative (mesh)Recovery of Function (mesh)Retrospective Studies (mesh)Spinal Cord Injuries (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)31 Biological sciences (for-2020)32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020)42 Health sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c88r2ckhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8c88r2ck/qt8c88r2ck.pdfinfo:doi/10.7554/elife.68015articleeLife, vol 10e68015oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0jq2z3r52026-06-14T16:00:09Zqt0jq2z3r5Measurement of the Wγ Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory CoefficientsSirunyan, AMTumasyan, AAdam, WAndrejkovic, JWBergauer, TChatterjee, SDragicevic, MDel Valle, A EscalanteFrühwirth, RJeitler, MKrammer, NLechner, LLiko, DMikulec, IPitters, FMSchieck, JSchöfbeck, RSpanring, MTempl, SWaltenberger, WWulz, C-EChekhovsky, VLitomin, AMakarenko, VDarwish, MRDe Wolf, EAJanssen, XKello, TLelek, ASfar, H RejebVan Mechelen, PVan Putte, SVan Remortel, NBlekman, FBols, ESD’Hondt, JDe Clercq, JDelcourt, MLowette, SMoortgat, SMorton, AMüller, DSahasransu, ARTavernier, SVan Doninck, WVan Mulders, PBeghin, DBilin, BClerbaux, BDe Lentdecker, GFavart, LGrebenyuk, AKalsi, AKLee, KMakarenko, IMoureaux, LPétré, LPopov, APostiau, NStarling, EThomas, LVander Velde, CVanlaer, PVannerom, DWezenbeek, LCornelis, TDobur, DGruchala, MMestdach, GNiedziela, MRoskas, CSkovpen, KTytgat, MVerbeke, WVermassen, BVit, MBethani, ABruno, GBury, FCaputo, CDavid, PDelaere, CDonertas, ISGiammanco, ALemaitre, VMondal, KPrisciandaro, JTaliercio, ATeklishyn, MVischia, PWertz, SWuyckens, SAlves, GAHensel, CMoraes, AJúnior, WL AldáFilho, M Barroso FerreiraMalbouisson, H BrandaoCarvalho, WChinellato, J2021-06-25A fiducial cross section for Wγ production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb^{-1} of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W→eν and μν decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CMS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jq2z3r5https://escholarship.org/content/qt0jq2z3r5/qt0jq2z3r5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.126.252002articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 126, iss 25252002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2hw252hg2026-06-14T15:34:35Zqt2hw252hgFlow and interferometry results from Au+Au collisions at sNN=4.5 GeVAbdallah, MSAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, IAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBaker, WBall, JGBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhagat, PBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBunzarov, IButterworth, JCai, XZCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, DChen, JChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADhamija, ADi Carlo, LDidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDuckworth, EDunlop, JCElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFawzi, FMFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFrancisco, AFu, CFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGhimire, NGibson, AGopal, KGou, XGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AI2021-03-01The beam energy scan (BES) program at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) was extended to energies below sNN=7.7 GeV in 2015 by successful implementation of the fixed-target mode of operation in the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) experiment. In this mode, ions circulate in one ring of the collider and interact with a stationary target at the entrance of the STAR time projection chamber. The first results for Au+Au collisions at sNN=4.5 GeV are presented, demonstrating good performance of all the relevant detector subsystems in fixed-target mode. Results presented here include directed and elliptic flow of identified hadrons, and radii from pion femtoscopy. The latter, together with recent HADES results, reveal a long-sought peak structure that may be caused by the system evolving through a first-order phase transition from quark-gluon plasma to the hadronic phase. Directed and elliptic flow for pions are presented for the first time at this beam energy. Pion and proton elliptic flow show behavior which hints at constituent quark scaling, and demonstrate that a definitive conclusion will be achievable using the full statistics of the ongoing second phase of BES (BES-II). In particular, BES-II to date has recorded fixed-target data sets with two orders of magnitude more events at each of nine energies between sNN=3.0 and 7.7 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hw252hghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2hw252hg/qt2hw252hg.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.103.034908articlePhysical Review C, vol 103, iss 3034908oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8n68309q2026-06-14T15:26:20Zqt8n68309qMeasurement of inclusive charged-particle jet production in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WChu, XCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarabasz, SHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZ2020-11-01The STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider reports the first measurement of inclusive jet production in peripheral and central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm using charged tracks with pseudorapidity |η|<1.0 and transverse momentum 0.25106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n68309qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8n68309q/qt8n68309q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.054913articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 5054913oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt76j5r2c62026-06-14T14:59:24Zqt76j5r2c6Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbbott, DCAbud, A AbedAbeling, KAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAchkar, BAdachi, SAdam, LBourdarios, C AdamAdamczyk, LAdamek, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdorni, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgapopoulou, CAgaras, MNAggarwal, AAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAhmed, WSAi, XAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAl Khoury, KAlberghi, GLAlbert, JVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlfonsi, AAlfonsi, FAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AACamelia, E AlunnoEstevez, M AlvarezAlviggi, MGCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAn, FAnastopoulos, CAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAndrean, SYAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntipov, EAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiAparo, MABella, L AperioAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R Araujo2020-08-01Azimuthal anisotropies of muons from charm and bottom hadron decays are measured in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV . The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 0.5 nb − 1 and 1.4 n b − 1 , respectively. The kinematic selection for heavy-flavor muons requires transverse momentum 4 < p T < 30 GeV and pseudorapidity | η | < 2.0 . The dominant sources of muons in this p T range are semi-leptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. These heavy-flavor muons are separated from light-hadron decay muons and punch-through hadrons using the momentum imbalance between the measurements in the tracking detector and in the muon spectrometers. Azimuthal anisotropies, quantified by flow coefficients, are measured via the event-plane method for inclusive heavy-flavor muons as a function of the muon p T and in intervals of Pb+Pb collision centrality. Heavy-flavor muons are separated into contributions from charm and bottom hadron decays using the muon transverse impact parameter with respect to the event primary vertex. Non-zero elliptic ( v 2 ) and triangular ( v 3 ) flow coefficients are extracted for charm and bottom muons, with the charm muon coefficients larger than those for bottom muons for all Pb+Pb collision centralities. The results indicate substantial modification to the charm and bottom quark angular distributions through interactions in the quark-gluon plasma produced in these Pb+Pb collisions, with smaller modifications for the bottom quarks as expected theoretically due to their larger mass.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/76j5r2c6https://escholarship.org/content/qt76j5r2c6/qt76j5r2c6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135595articlePhysics Letters B, vol 807135595oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3s4738wx2026-06-14T14:51:30Zqt3s4738wxBeam energy dependence of net-Λ fluctuations measured by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, AEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, XHumanic, TJ2020-08-01The measurements of particle multiplicity distributions have generated considerable interest in understanding the fluctuations of conserved quantum numbers in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) hadronization regime, in particular near a possible critical point and near the chemical freeze-out. Net-protons and net-kaons have been used as proxies for the net-baryon number and net-strangeness, respectively. We report the measurement of efficiency- and centrality-bin width-corrected cumulant ratios (C2/C1, C3/C2) of net-Λ distributions, in the context of both strangeness and baryon number conservation, as a function of collision energy, centrality, and rapidity. The results are for Au+Au collisions at five beam energies (sNN=19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV) recorded with the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR). We compare our results to the Poisson and negative binomial (NBD) expectations, as well as to ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) and hadron resonance gas (HRG) model predictions. Both NBD and Poisson baselines agree with data within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. UrQMD describes the measured net-ΛC1 and C3 at 200 GeV reasonably well but deviates from C2, and the deviation increases as a function of collision energy. The ratios of the measured cumulants show no features of critical fluctuations. The chemical freeze-out temperatures extracted from a recent HRG calculation, which was successfully used to describe the net-proton, net-kaon, and net-charge data, indicate Λ freeze-out conditions similar to those of kaons. However, large deviations are found when comparing with temperatures obtained from net-proton fluctuations. The net-Λ cumulants show a weak but finite dependence on the rapidity coverage in the acceptance of the detector, which can be attributed to quantum number conservation.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s4738wxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3s4738wx/qt3s4738wx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.102.024903articlePhysical Review C, vol 102, iss 2024903oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5rp8j15p2026-06-14T14:46:15Zqt5rp8j15pZ boson production in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV measured by the ATLAS experimentAad, GAbbott, BAbbott, DCAbud, A AbedAbeling, KAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAchkar, BAdachi, SAdam, LBourdarios, C AdamAdamczyk, LAdamek, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdorni, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgapopoulou, CAgaras, MNAggarwal, AAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAhmed, WSAi, XAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAl Khoury, KAlberghi, GLAlbert, JVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexandre, DAlexopoulos, TAlfonsi, AAlfonsi, FAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAEstevez, M AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAn, FAnastopoulos, CAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntipov, EAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JP2020-03-01The production yield of Z bosons is measured in the electron and muon decay channels in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Data from the 2015 LHC run corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.49 nb − 1 are used for the analysis. The Z boson yield, normalised by the total number of minimum-bias events and the mean nuclear thickness function, is measured as a function of dilepton rapidity and event centrality. The measurements in Pb+Pb collisions are compared with similar measurements made in proton–proton collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity for all centrality intervals. The results are compared with theoretical predictions obtained at next-to-leading order using nucleon and nuclear parton distribution functions. The normalised Z boson yields in Pb+Pb collisions lie 1–3σ above the predictions. The nuclear modification factor measured as a function of rapidity agrees with unity and is consistent with a next-to-leading-order QCD calculation including the isospin effect.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rp8j15phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5rp8j15p/qt5rp8j15p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135262articlePhysics Letters B, vol 802135262oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9wd855k52026-06-14T14:39:42Zqt9wd855k5Watch Out Below! A Comparison of Hiking and Rock-Climbing Falls at a Level I Trauma CenterWoods, BridgerMcNickle, Allison2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd855k5https://escholarship.org/content/qt9wd855k5/qt9wd855k5.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66263articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3k1843rw2026-06-14T14:38:03Zqt3k1843rwBulk properties of the system formed in Au+Au collisions at sNN=14.5 GeV at the BNL STAR detectorAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAparin, AAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FGAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChen, DChen, JHChen, XChen, ZCheng, JCherney, MChevalier, MChoudhury, SChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDaugherity, MDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, CJFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFrancisco, AFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGopal, KGrosnick, DGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, SHe, WHe, XHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHoffman, EHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHu, YHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, T2020-02-01We report systematic measurements of bulk properties of the system created in Au+Au collisions at sNN=14.5 GeV recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum spectra of π±, K±, and p(p¯) are studied at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) for nine centrality intervals. The centrality, transverse momentum (pT), and pseudorapidity (η) dependence of inclusive charged particle elliptic flow (v2), and rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow (v1) results near midrapidity are also presented. These measurements are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at other energies, and from Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. The results at sNN=14.5 GeV show similar behavior as established at other energies and fit well in the energy dependence trend. These results are important as the 14.5-GeV energy fills the gap in μB, which is of the order of 100 MeV, between sNN=11.5 and 19.6 GeV. Comparisons of the data with UrQMD and AMPT models show poor agreement in general.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k1843rwhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt3k1843rw/qt3k1843rw.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.101.024905articlePhysical Review C, vol 101, iss 2024905oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt027191bc2026-06-14T14:37:32Zqt027191bcScalable Open Science Approach for Mutation Calling of Tumor Exomes Using Multiple Genomic PipelinesEllrott, KyleBailey, Matthew HSaksena, GordonCovington, Kyle RKandoth, CyriacStewart, ChipHess, JulianMaChiotti, Kami EMcLellan, MichaelSofia, Heidi JHutter, CarolynGetz, GadWheeler, DavidDing, LiGroup, MC3 WorkingNetwork, The Cancer Genome Atlas ResearchCaesar-Johnson, Samantha JDemchok, John AFelau, InaKasapi, MelpomeniFerguson, Martin LHutter, Carolyn MSofia, Heidi JTarnuzzer, RoyWang, ZhiningYang, LimingZenklusen, Jean CZhang, JiashanChudamani, SudhaLiu, JiaLolla, LaxmiNaresh, RashiPihl, ToddSun, QiangWan, YunhuWu, YeCho, JuokDeFreitas, TimothyFrazer, ScottGehlenborg, NilsGetz, GadHeiman, David IKim, JaegilLawrence, Michael SLin, PeiMeier, SamNoble, Michael SSaksena, GordonVoet, DougZhang, HaileiBernard, BradyChambwe, NyashaDhankani, VarshaKnijnenburg, TheoKramer, RogerLeinonen, KalleLiu, YuexinMiller, MichaelReynolds, SheilaShmulevich, IlyaThorsson, VesteinnZhang, WeiAkbani, RehanBroom, Bradley MHegde, Apurva MJu, ZhenlinKanchi, Rupa SKorkut, AnilLi, JunLiang, HanLing, ShiyunLiu, WenbinLu, YilingMills, Gordon BNg, Kwok-ShingRao, ArvindRyan, MichaelWang, JingWeinstein, John NZhang, JiexinAbeshouse, AdamArmenia, JoshuaChakravarty, DebyaniChatila, Walid Kde Bruijn, InoGao, JianjiongGross, Benjamin EHeins, Zachary JKundra, RitikaLa, KonnorLadanyi, MarcLuna, AugustinNissan, Moriah GOchoa, AngelicaPhillips, Sarah MReznik, EdSanchez-Vega, FranciscoSander, ChrisSchultz, Nikolaus2018-03-01The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer genomics dataset includes over 10,000 tumor-normal exome pairs across 33 different cancer types, in total >400 TB of raw data files requiring analysis. Here we describe the Multi-Center Mutation Calling in Multiple Cancers project, our effort to generate a comprehensive encyclopedia of somatic mutation calls for the TCGA data to enable robust cross-tumor-type analyses. Our approach accounts for variance and batch effects introduced by the rapid advancement of DNA extraction, hybridization-capture, sequencing, and analysis methods over time. We present best practices for applying an ensemble of seven mutation-calling algorithms with scoring and artifact filtering. The dataset created by this analysis includes 3.5 million somatic variants and forms the basis for PanCan Atlas papers. The results have been made available to the research community along with the methods used to generate them. This project is the result of collaboration from a number of institutes and demonstrates how team science drives extremely large genomics projects.31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3102 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)Biotechnology (rcdc)Human Genome (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Bioengineering (rcdc)Cancer (rcdc)Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) (rcdc)Genetic Testing (rcdc)Cancer Genomics (rcdc)Rare Diseases (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)Cancer (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Algorithms (mesh)Exome (mesh)Genomics (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Software (mesh)Exome Sequencing (mesh)MC3 Working GroupCancer Genome Atlas Research NetworkHumans (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Genomics (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Algorithms (mesh)Software (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Exome (mesh)Exome Sequencing (mesh)PanCanAtlas projectTCGAlarge-scaleopen sciencepan-cancerreproducible computingsomatic mutation callingAlgorithms (mesh)Exome (mesh)Genomics (mesh)High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing (mesh)Humans (mesh)Information Dissemination (mesh)Mutation (mesh)Neoplasms (mesh)Sequence AnalysisDNA (mesh)Software (mesh)Exome Sequencing (mesh)0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for)3101 Biochemistry and cell biology (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/027191bchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt027191bc/qt027191bc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.cels.2018.03.002articleCell Systems, vol 6, iss 3271 - 281.e7oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4d18m38z2026-06-14T14:36:58Zqt4d18m38zGalactos: Computing the Anisotropic 3-Point Correlation Function for 2 Billion Galaxies.Friesen, BrianPatwary, Md Mostofa AliAustin, BrianSatish, NadathurSlepian, ZacharySundaram, NarayananBard, DeborahEisenstein, Daniel JDeslippe, JackDubey, PradeepPrabhat2017-01-01publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d18m38zarticleCoRR, vol abs/1709.00086oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt86n5t21t2026-06-14T14:30:20Zqt86n5t21tE-Bike Injuries and Rider Characteristics at a Level 1 Trauma Center: A Retrospective ReviewNwadike, KennyIke, JaydonSaadat, SoheilBurrus, SigridMatonis, Danielle2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/86n5t21thttps://escholarship.org/content/qt86n5t21t/qt86n5t21t.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66262articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt75j363v12026-06-14T14:23:03Zqt75j363v1Collision-energy dependence of second-order off-diagonal and diagonal cumulants of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au + Au collisionsAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WCrawford, HJCsanád, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, YHorvat, SHuang, BHuang, HZHuang, SLHuang, THuang, X2019-07-01We report the first measurements of a complete second-order cumulant matrix of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions for the first phase of the beam energy scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. This includes the centrality and, for the first time, the pseudorapidity window dependence of both diagonal and off-diagonal cumulants in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 7.7–200 GeV. Within the available acceptance of |η|<0.5, the cumulants grow linearly with the pseudorapidity window. Relative to the corresponding measurements in peripheral collisions, the ratio of off-diagonal over diagonal cumulants in central collisions indicates an excess correlation between net-charge and net-kaon, as well as between net-charge and net-proton. The strength of such excess correlation increases with the collision energy. The correlation between net-proton and net-kaon multiplicity distributions is observed to be negative at sNN= 200 GeV and change to positive at the lowest collision energy. Model calculations based on nonthermal (UrQMD) and thermal (HRG) production of hadrons cannot explain the data. These measurements will help map the quantum chromodynamics phase diagram, constrain hadron resonance gas model calculations and provide new insights on the energy dependence of baryon-strangeness correlations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-exhep-phNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/75j363v1https://escholarship.org/content/qt75j363v1/qt75j363v1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.100.014902articlePhysical Review C, vol 100, iss 1014902oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2cg440sv2026-06-14T14:22:57Zqt2cg440svThe HL-LHC Low-β Quadrupole Magnet MQXF: From Short Models to Long PrototypesFerracin, PaoloAmbrosio, GiorgioAnerella, MichaelBajas, HuguesBajko, MartaBordini, BernardoBossert, RodgerBourcey, NicolasCheng, Daniel WChlachidze, GuramCooley, Lance DTroitino, Salvador FerradasFiscarelli, LucioFleiter, JeromeGuinchard, MichaelBermudez, Susana IzquierdoKrave, StevenLackner, FriedrichMangiarotti, FrancoMarchevsky, MaximMarinozzi, VittorioMuratore, JosephNobrega, AlfredPan, HengPerez, Juan CarlosPong, IanPrestemon, SorenPrin, HerveRavaioli, EmmanueleSabbi, Gian LucaSchmalzle, JesseTavares, Sandra SequeiraStoynev, StoyanTodesco, EzioVallone, GiorgioWanderer, PeterWang, XiaorongYu, Miao2019-01-01Among the components to be upgraded in LHC interaction regions for the HiLumi-LHC projects are the inner triplet (or low-β) quadrupole magnets, denoted as Q1, Q2a, Q2b, and Q3. The new quadrupole magnets, called MQXF, are based on Nb3Sn superconducting magnet technology and operate at a gradient of 132.6 T/m, with a conductor peak field of 11.4 T. Q1 and Q3 are composed of magnets (called MQXFA) fabricated by the U.S. Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP), with a magnetic length of 4.2 m. Q2a and Q2b consist of magnets (called MQXFB) fabricated by CERN, with a magnetic length of 7.15 m. After a series of short models, constructed in close collaboration by the US and CERN, the development program is now entering in the prototyping phase, with CERN on one side and BNL, FNAL, and LBNL on the other side assembling and testing their first long magnets We provide in this paper a description of the status of the MQXF program, with a summary of the short model test results, including quench performance, and mechanics, and an update on the fabrication, assembly, and test of the long prototypes.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Bioengineering (rcdc)High Luminosity LHCInteraction RegionsLow-beta QuadrupolesNb3Sn magnetsATAP-2019 (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-SMP (c-lbnl-label)ATAP-GENERAL (c-lbnl-label)0204 Condensed Matter Physics (for)0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (for)0912 Materials Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)4008 Electrical engineering (for-2020)5104 Condensed matter physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cg440svhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2cg440sv/qt2cg440sv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/tasc.2019.2895908articleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol 29, iss 51 - 9oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt22x4245r2026-06-14T14:22:34Zqt22x4245rFirst Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Constraints on Cosmological ParametersAbbott, TMCAllam, SAndersen, PAngus, CAsorey, JAvelino, AAvila, SBassett, BABechtol, KBernstein, GMBertin, EBrooks, DBrout, DBrown, PBurke, DLCalcino, JRosell, A CarneroCarollo, DKind, M CarrascoCarretero, JCasas, RCastander, FJCawthon, RChallis, PChildress, MClocchiatti, ACunha, CED’Andrea, CBda Costa, LNDavis, CDavis, TMDe Vicente, JDePoy, DLDesai, SDiehl, HTDoel, PDrlica-Wagner, AEifler, TFEvrard, AEFernandez, EFilippenko, AVFinley, DAFlaugher, BFoley, RJFosalba, PFrieman, JGalbany, LGarcía-Bellido, JGaztanaga, EGiannantonio, TGlazebrook, KGoldstein, DAGonzález-Gaitán, SGruen, DGruendl, RAGschwend, JGupta, RRGutierrez, GHartley, WGHinton, SRHollowood, DLHonscheid, KHoormann, JKHoyle, BJames, DJJeltema, TJohnson, MWGJohnson, MDKasai, EKent, SKessler, RKim, AGKirshner, RPKovacs, EKrause, EKron, RKuehn, KKuhlmann, SKuropatkin, NLahav, OLasker, JLewis, GFLi, TSLidman, CLima, MLin, HMacaulay, EMaia, MAGMandel, KSMarch, MMarriner, JMarshall, JLMartini, PMenanteau, FMiller, CJMiquel, RMiranda, VMohr, JJMorganson, EMuthukrishna, D2019-02-20We present the first cosmological parameter constraints using measurements of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN). The analysis uses a subsample of 207 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia from the first three years of DES-SN, combined with a low-redshift sample of 122 SNe from the literature. Our “DES-SN3YR” result from these 329 SNe Ia is based on a series of companion analyses and improvements covering SN Ia discovery, spectroscopic selection, photometry, calibration, distance bias corrections, and evaluation of systematic uncertainties. For a flat ΛCDM model we find a matter density . For a flat wCDM model, and combining our SN Ia constraints with those from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), we find a dark energy equation of state , and . For a flat w0waCDM model, and combining probes from SN Ia, CMB and baryon acoustic oscillations, we find and . These results are in agreement with a cosmological constant and with previous constraints using SNe Ia (Pantheon, JLA).5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg)dark energydark matterastro-ph.COastro-ph.CO0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/22x4245rinfo:doi/10.3847/2041-8213/ab04faarticleThe Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol 872, iss 2l30oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt020090c72026-06-14T14:20:18Zqt020090c7Patient Outcomes Following Prehospital Naloxone Administration in San FranciscoPerez, JacobFalise, AlyssaArreguin, MireyaSutphin, Amanda M.Mason, MichaelAcosta, JesusGraterol, JosephCulbreth, RachelAldy, KimCampleman, SharanBrent, JeffreyWax, Paul2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/020090c7https://escholarship.org/content/qt020090c7/qt020090c7.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66261articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3ct214p42026-06-14T14:19:24Zqt3ct214p4Correlated long-range mixed-harmonic fluctuations measured in pp, p+Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2019-02-01Correlations of two flow harmonics vn and vm via three- and four-particle cumulants are measured in 13 TeV pp, 5.02 TeV p+Pb, and 2.76 TeV peripheral Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The goal is to understand the multi-particle nature of the long-range collective phenomenon in these collision systems. The large non-flow background from dijet production present in the standard cumulant method is suppressed using a method of subevent cumulants involving two, three and four subevents separated in pseudorapidity. The results show a negative correlation between v2 and v3 and a positive correlation between v2 and v4 for all collision systems and over the full multiplicity range. However, the magnitudes of the correlations are found to depend on the event multiplicity, the choice of transverse momentum range and collision system. The relative correlation strength, obtained by normalisation of the cumulants with the 〈vn 2〉 from a two-particle correlation analysis, is similar in the three collision systems and depends weakly on the event multiplicity and transverse momentum. These results based on the subevent methods provide strong evidence of a similar long-range multi-particle collectivity in pp, p+Pb and peripheral Pb+Pb collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ct214p4info:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.11.065articlePhysics Letters B, vol 789444 - 471oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt51v9j0232026-06-14T14:05:09Zqt51v9j023Combination of the Searches for Pair-Produced Vectorlike Partners of the Third-Generation Quarks at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS DetectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdam, LAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-11-23A combination of the searches for pair-produced vectorlike partners of the top and bottom quarks in various decay channels (T→Zt/Wb/Ht, B→Zb/Wt/Hb) is performed using 36.1 fb^{-1} of pp collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed data are found to be in good agreement with the standard model background prediction in all individual searches. Therefore, combined 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the production cross section for a range of vectorlike quark scenarios, significantly improving upon the reach of the individual searches. Model-independent limits are set assuming the vectorlike quarks decay to standard model particles. A singlet T is excluded for masses below 1.31 TeV and a singlet B is excluded for masses below 1.22 TeV. Assuming a weak isospin (T,B) doublet and |V_{Tb}|≪|V_{tB}|, T and B masses below 1.37 TeV are excluded.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/51v9j023info:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.121.211801articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 121, iss 21211801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt08r9z1k52026-06-14T14:04:57Zqt08r9z1k5Combination of searches for heavy resonances decaying into bosonic and leptonic final states using 36 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, O2018-09-01Searches for new heavy resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons, are presented using a data sample corresponding to 36.1 fb-1 of pp collisions at s=13 TeV collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting bosonic decay modes in the qqqq, ννqq, ℓνqq, ℓℓqq, ℓνℓν, ℓℓνν, ℓνℓℓ, ℓℓℓℓ, qqbb, ννbb, ℓνbb, and ℓℓbb final states are combined, searching for a narrow-width resonance. Likewise, analyses selecting the leptonic ℓν and ℓℓ final states are also combined. These two sets of analyses are then further combined. No significant deviation from the Standard Model predictions is observed. Three benchmark models are tested: a model predicting the existence of a new heavy scalar singlet, a simplified model predicting a heavy vector-boson triplet, and a bulk Randall-Sundrum model with a heavy spin-2 Kaluza-Klein excitation of the graviton. Cross section limits are set at the 95% confidence level using an asymptotic approximation and are compared with predictions for the benchmark models. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.5 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario and 4.5 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, as well as a Kaluza-Klein graviton with mass below 2.3 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/08r9z1k5https://escholarship.org/content/qt08r9z1k5/qt08r9z1k5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.052008articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 5052008oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt077852jv2026-06-14T14:04:37Zqt077852jvSearch for squarks and gluinos in final states with hadronically decaying τ-leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum using pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, O2019-01-01A search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one hadronically decaying τ-lepton is presented. Two exclusive final states with either exactly one or at least two τ-leptons are considered. The analysis is based on proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess is observed over the Standard Model expectation. At 95% confidence level, model-independent upper limits on the cross section are set and exclusion limits are provided for two signal scenarios: a simplified model of gluino pair production with τ-rich cascade decays, and a model with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB). In the simplified model, gluino masses up to 2000 GeV are excluded for low values of the mass of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), while LSP masses up to 1000 GeV are excluded for gluino masses around 1400 GeV. In the GMSB model, values of the supersymmetry-breaking scale are excluded below 110 TeV for all values of tanβ in the range 2≤tanβ≤60, and below 120 TeV for tanβ>30.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/077852jvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt077852jv/qt077852jv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.99.012009articlePhysical Review D, vol 99, iss 1012009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2rc9c3fs2026-06-14T14:04:28Zqt2rc9c3fsComputing resonant modes of accelerator cavities by solving nonlinear eigenvalue problems via rational approximationVan Beeumen, RoelMarques, OsniNg, Esmond GYang, ChaoBai, ZhaojunGe, LixinKononenko, OleksiyLi, ZenghaiNg, Cho-KuenXiao, Liling2018-12-01We present an efficient and reliable algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear eigenvalue problems arising from the modeling of particle accelerator cavities. The eigenvalue nonlinearity in these problems results from the use of waveguides to couple external power sources or to allow certain excited electromagnetic modes to exit the cavity. We use a rational approximation to reduce the nonlinear eigenvalue problem first to a rational eigenvalue problem. We then apply a special linearization procedure to turn the rational eigenvalue problem into a larger linear eigenvalue problem with the same eigenvalues, which can be solved by existing iterative methods. By using a compact scheme to represent both the linearized operator and the eigenvectors to be computed, we obtain a numerical method that only involves solving linear systems of equations of the same dimension as the original nonlinear eigenvalue problem. We refer to this method as a compact rational Krylov (CORK) method. We implemented the CORK method in the Omega3P module of the Advanced Computational Electromagnetic 3D Parallel (ACE3P) simulation suite and validated it by comparing the computed cavity resonant frequencies and damping Q factors of a small model problem to those obtained from a fitting procedure that uses frequency responses computed by another ACE3P module called S3P. We also used the CORK method to compute trapped modes damped in an ideal eight 9-cell SRF cavity cryomodule. This was the first time it was possible to compute these modes directly. The damping Q factors of the computed modes match well with those measured in experiments and the difference in resonant frequencies is within the range introduced by cavity imperfection. Therefore, the CORK method is an extremely valuable tool for computational cavity design.4901 Applied Mathematics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)4007 Control EngineeringMechatronics and Robotics (for-2020)40 Engineering (for-2020)Accelerator modelingNonlinear eigenvalue problemCORK method01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)Applied Mathematics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rc9c3fshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2rc9c3fs/qt2rc9c3fs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.jcp.2018.08.017articleJournal of Computational Physics, vol 3741031 - 1043oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2x38614f2026-06-14T14:04:24Zqt2x38614fIs Housing Stability Associated with Telehealth Utilization among Emergency Department Patients?Lui, RyanSchiedel, MayaWilliams, JaniadaPlacencia, AlexaRodriguez, AngelesLam, Chun NokBurner, ElizabethAbramson, Tiffany2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2x38614fhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2x38614f/qt2x38614f.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66260articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1h47g4tt2026-06-14T14:04:15Zqt1h47g4ttSearch for pairs of highly collimated photon-jets in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2019-01-01Results of a search for the pair production of photon-jets - collimated groupings of photons - in the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. Highly collimated photon-jets can arise from the decay of new, highly boosted particles that can decay to multiple photons collimated enough to be identified in the electromagnetic calorimeter as a single, photonlike energy cluster. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.7 fb-1, were collected in 2015 and 2016. Candidate photon-jet pair production events are selected from those containing two reconstructed photons using a set of identification criteria much less stringent than that typically used for the selection of photons, with additional criteria applied to provide improved sensitivity to photon-jets. Narrow excesses in the reconstructed diphoton mass spectra are searched for. The observed mass spectra are consistent with the Standard Model background expectation. The results are interpreted in the context of a model containing a new, high-mass scalar particle with narrow width, X, that decays into pairs of photon-jets via new, light particles, a. Upper limits are placed on the cross section times the product of branching ratios σ×B(X→aa)×B(a→γγ)2 for 200 GeV5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h47g4ttinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.99.012008articlePhysical Review D, vol 99, iss 1012008oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8fp695qf2026-06-14T14:04:05Zqt8fp695qfMeasurements of gluon–gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion Higgs boson production cross-sections in the H → WW ⁎ → eνμν decay channel in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdam, LAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJ2019-02-01Higgs boson production cross-sections in proton–proton collisions are measured in the H→WW⁎→eνμν decay channel. The proton–proton collision data were produced at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1fb−1. The product of the H→WW⁎ branching fraction times the gluon–gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion cross-sections are measured to be 11.4−1.1 +1.2(stat.)−1.7 +1.8(syst.)pb and 0.50−0.22 +0.24(stat.)±0.17(syst.)pb, respectively, in agreement with Standard Model predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fp695qfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.11.064articlePhysics Letters B, vol 789508 - 529oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt03s1k2wx2026-06-14T14:03:46Zqt03s1k2wxMeasurement of the longitudinal spin asymmetries for weak boson production in proton-proton collisions at s=510 GeVAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFeng, YFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHolub, LHong, Y2019-03-01We report new STAR measurements of the single-spin asymmetries AL for W+ and W- bosons produced in polarized proton-proton collisions at s=510 GeV as a function of the decay-positron and decay-electron pseudorapidity. The data were obtained in 2013 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 250 pb-1. The results are combined with previous results obtained with 86 pb-1. A comparison with theoretical expectations based on polarized lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering and prior polarized proton-proton data suggests a difference between the u¯ and d¯ quark helicity distributions for 0.055106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/03s1k2wxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt03s1k2wx/qt03s1k2wx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.99.051102articlePhysical Review D, vol 99, iss 5051102oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt06d2k27s2026-06-14T14:03:40Zqt06d2k27sCollision-energy dependence of pt correlations in Au + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChan, BKChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJCsanad, MDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEdmonds, TEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedorisin, JFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGalatyuk, TGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, SHeppelmann, SHerrmann, NHirsch, AHolub, LHong, Y2019-04-01We present two-particle pt correlations as a function of event centrality for Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using the STAR detector. These results are compared to previous measurements from CERES at the Super Proton Synchrotron and from ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider. The data are compared with UrQMD model calculations and with a model based on a Boltzmann-Langevin approach incorporating effects from thermalization. The relative dynamical correlations for Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV show a power-law dependence on the number of participant nucleons and agree with the results for Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV from ALICE. As the collision energy is lowered from sNN=200 to 7.7 GeV, the centrality dependence of the relative dynamical correlations departs from the power-law behavior observed at the higher collision energies. In central collisions, the relative dynamical correlations increase with collision energy up to sNN=200 GeV in contrast to previous measurements that showed little dependence on the collision energy.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/06d2k27shttps://escholarship.org/content/qt06d2k27s/qt06d2k27s.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.99.044918articlePhysical Review C, vol 99, iss 4044918oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt38q3q5852026-06-14T14:03:34Zqt38q3q585AmeriFlux BADM: Implementing lessons from 12 years of long-tail data management into next generation earth science systemsCheah, You-WeiChristianson, DanielleChu, HousenPastorello, GilbertoO'Brien, FiannaOng, Yeongshnnvan Ingen, CatharineTorn, MargaretAgarwal, Deb2018-10-01AmeriFlux is a community of scientists measuring ecosystem carbon, water, and energy fluxes across the Americas with eddy covariance techniques. The network’s data team collects flux data for quality assessment and provides standardized data products to the earth science research community. Critical for scientists’ use of the flux data are the supporting Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance and Metadata (BADM) that provide context, such as measurement heights, instrument operations, and disturbance events. Managing and collating BADM into standardized data products are challenging due to their inherent long-tail data characteristics, i.e., they are diverse, free-formed, and infrequently measured.
Over the past 12 years, we have worked with the community to standardize and then manage BADM using a SQL database with strong data quality criteria. BADM’s inherent nature demands rigorous quality checks of submitted data. Some of these checks provide feedback to data providers for correction, while others identify unusual cases necessitating dialogue with data providers. As we continue to gain experience with BADM, we collate and abstract similarities among data quality issues to build new automated checks and standards.
Handling long-tail data presents interesting challenges and requires dealing with atypical “corner” cases. Our talk will describe our experiences in standardizing and managing BADM, and talk to the evolution of the system as we look towards better serving the earth science community.CC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/38q3q585articleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt02f7q0ks2026-06-14T14:03:28Zqt02f7q0ksMeasurement of the tt¯Z and tt¯W cross sections in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbbott, DCAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdam, LAdamczyk, LAdamek, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexandre, DAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbler, AAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAn, FAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FA2019-04-01A measurement of the associated production of a top-quark pair (tt) with a vector boson (W, Z) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented, using 36.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in channels with two same- or opposite-sign leptons (electrons or muons), three leptons or four leptons, and each channel is further divided into multiple regions to maximize the sensitivity of the measurement. The ttZ and ttW production cross sections are simultaneously measured using a combined fit to all regions. The best-fit values of the production cross sections are σttZ=0.95±0.08stat±0.10syst pb and σttW=0.87±0.13stat±0.14syst pb in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. The measurement of the ttZ cross section is used to set constraints on effective field theory operators which modify the ttZ vertex.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/02f7q0ksinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.99.072009articlePhysical Review D, vol 99, iss 7072009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5p24n76b2026-06-14T13:49:42Zqt5p24n76bEvaluating Emergency Department Naltrexone Initiation Using a Large Multicenter DatabaseCorbett, Benjamin E.Page, Brittany E.Novak, DanielRodriguez, RobertFortuna, Lisa2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p24n76bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5p24n76b/qt5p24n76b.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66259articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1f69h4tk2026-06-14T13:45:18Zqt1f69h4tkDielectron production in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeVThe ALICE collaborationAcharya, SAcosta, F T-Adamová, DAdolfsson, JAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAiola, SAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAlam, SNAlbuquerque, DSDAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, YAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltenkamper, LAltsybeev, IAnaam, MNAndrei, CAndreou, DAndrews, HAAndronic, AAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAnson, CAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAnwar, RApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArnold, OWArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBatyunya, BBatzing, PCBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, IRBhatt, HBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, ABianchi, L2018-09-01The first measurement of e+e− pair production at mid-rapidity (|ηe| < 0.8) in pp collisions at s=7$$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC is presented. The dielectron production is studied as a function of the invariant mass (mee < 3.3 GeV/c2), the pair transverse momentum (pT,ee < 8 GeV/c), and the pair transverse impact parameter (DCAee), i.e., the average distance of closest approach of the reconstructed electron and positron tracks to the collision vertex, normalised to its resolution. The results are compared with the expectations from a cocktail of known hadronic sources and are well described when PYTHIA is used to generate the heavy-flavour contributions. In the low-mass region (0.14 < mee < 1.1 GeV/c2), prompt and non-prompt e+e− sources can be separated via the DCAee. In the intermediate-mass region (1.1 < mee < 2.7 GeV/c2), a double-differential fit to the data in mee and pT,ee and a fit of the DCAee distribution allow the total cc¯$$ \mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}} $$ and bb¯$$ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ cross sections to be extracted. Two different event generators, PYTHIA and POWHEG, can reproduce the shape of the two-dimensional mee and pT,ee spectra, as well as the shape of the DCAee distribution, reasonably well. However, differences in the cc¯$$ \mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}} $$ and bb¯$$ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ cross sections are observed when using the generators to extrapolate to full phase space. Finally, the ratio of inclusive to decay photons is studied via the measurement of virtual direct photons in the transverse-momentum range 1 < pT < 8 GeV/c. This is found to be unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties and consistent with expectations from next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamic calculations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Heavy Ion Experiments0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f69h4tkhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1f69h4tk/qt1f69h4tk.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep09(2018)064articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 964oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt26g0g3r92026-06-14T13:45:10Zqt26g0g3r9Search for invisible Higgs boson decays in vector boson fusion at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, O2019-06-01We report a search for Higgs bosons that are produced via vector boson fusion and subsequently decay into invisible particles. The experimental signature is an energetic jet pair with invariant mass of O ( 1 ) TeV and O ( 100 ) GeV missing transverse momentum. The analysis uses 36.1fb−1 of pp collision data at s = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. In the signal region the 2252 observed events are consistent with the background estimation. Assuming a 125 GeV scalar particle with Standard Model cross sections, the upper limit on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay into invisible particles is 0.37 at 95% confidence level where 0.28 was expected. This limit is interpreted in Higgs portal models to set bounds on the wimp–nucleon scattering cross section. We also consider invisible decays of additional scalar bosons with masses up to 3 TeV for which the upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction are in the range of 0.3– 1.7 pb .5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/26g0g3r9https://escholarship.org/content/qt26g0g3r9/qt26g0g3r9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.04.024articlePhysics Letters B, vol 793499 - 519oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8n8256sh2026-06-14T13:44:23Zqt8n8256shPreliminary Reporting on Outcomes of Wildland Fire Resilience Treatments 2020-2024Eitzel, M.V.Cox, LaurenBattles, John2026-01-01In this report, we present a pilot of outcome reporting for wildland and wildland urban interface (WUI) fire resilience treatments. We focus on the contributions of vegetation treatments towards reducing vegetation stress and wildfire risk as key management objectives, while also reporting on potential co-benefits of habitat and water protection (additional potential co-benefits are beyond the scope of this pilot). We identified treatments that could impact relevant vegetation characteristics using data from the California Interagency Treatment Tracker System (ITS) from October 2020 through December 2024. Based on the availability of other data sources in 2025 (largely datasets updated as of 2024), we were able to calculate how frequently the treatments were implemented in areas identified as high priority according to the different management objectives; we also estimated the potential efficacy of the treatments in reducing vegetation stress and wildfire risk. We found that, statewide, treatments since late 2020, in aggregate, do not appear to have been targeted towards the most drought-vulnerable forested areas, but where treatments were implemented in those areas (in late 2020 through late 2024), the treatments did have a potentially meaningful reduction in drought-vulnerability. Between late 2020 and late 2024, treatments in shrublands have not resulted in increased grass-dominated areas; and, since late 2020, treatments within shrublands have targeted roadside areas, which may then be mowed to reduce ignition potential. Potentially beneficial (low-intensity) fire increased moderately statewide inside treatments, but increased more within fire footprints. Despite no overarching policy requirements or large-scale cross-organization planning, treatments within the WUI, road corridors, and especially in areas adjacent to utility corridors were collectively preferentially implemented in high wildfire hazard areas. The aggregated treatment extent in the WUI modestly reduced potential high severity fire, and in areas adjacent to utilities and roads moderately reduced it. Though in general treatments may not have been designed to specifically improve habitat or water resources, their locations were also somewhat concentrated in high priority areas. Finally, when evaluating only areas within treatments where we could observe a change in canopy cover via remote sensing imagery, reduction in tree drought vulnerability and reductions in potential wildfire severity are meaningful, and more similar to impacts of fires - but potentially without the other detriments of fires.Outcome reportingWildfire riskvegetation healthefficacytargeted effortwildland urban interfaceutility corridorsroad corridorsforest healthshrubland healthshrubland protectioncritical habitatwater resourceswildfire hazard potentialpost-fire debris flowhydropower watershedsdrought vulnerabilityhigh severity firebeneficial fireapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n8256shhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8n8256sh/qt8n8256sh.pdfarticleoai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4kp2p54p2026-06-14T13:42:19Zqt4kp2p54pAnisotropic flow of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVThe ALICE collaborationAcharya, SAcosta, F T-Adamová, DAdolfsson, JAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAiola, SAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAlam, SNAlbuquerque, DSDAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, YAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltenkamper, LAltsybeev, IAnaam, MNAndrei, CAndreou, DAndrews, HAAndronic, AAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAnson, CAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAnwar, RApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArnold, OWArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBatyunya, BBatzing, PCBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, IRBhatt, HBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, ABianchi, L2018-09-01The elliptic (v2), triangular (v3), and quadrangular (v4) flow coefficients of π±, K±, p+p¯,Λ+Λ¯,KS0$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}},\kern0.5em \Lambda +\overline{\Lambda},\kern0.5em {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}^0 $$, and the ϕ-meson are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$ {\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=5.02 $$ TeV. Results obtained with the scalar product method are reported for the rapidity range |y| < 0.5 as a function of transverse momentum, pT, at different collision centrality intervals between 0–70%, including ultra-central (0–1%) collisions for π±, K±, and p+p¯$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$. For pT< 3 GeV/c, the flow coefficients exhibit a particle mass dependence. At intermediate transverse momenta (3 < pT < 8–10 GeV/c), particles show an approximate grouping according to their type (i.e., mesons and baryons). The ϕ-meson v2, which tests both particle mass dependence and type scaling, follows p+p¯$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$v2 at low pT and π±v2 at intermediate pT. The evolution of the shape of vn(pT) as a function of centrality and harmonic number n is studied for the various particle species. Flow coefficients of π±, K±, and p+p¯$$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$ for pT < 3 GeV/c are compared to iEBE-VISHNU and MUSIC hydrodynamical calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (UrQMD). The iEBE-VISHNU calculations describe the results fairly well for pT < 2.5 GeV/c, while MUSIC calculations reproduce the measurements for pT < 1 GeV/c. A comparison to vn coefficients measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76$$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV is also provided.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Heavy Ion Experiments0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kp2p54phttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4kp2p54p/qt4kp2p54p.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep09(2018)006articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 96oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt50m1b2582026-06-14T13:40:38Zqt50m1b258Measurement of the inclusive J/ψ polarization at forward rapidity in pp collisions at s=8 TeVAcharya, SAcosta, F-TAdamová, DAdolfsson, JAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAiola, SAkindinov, AAl-Turany, MAlam, SNAlbuquerque, DSDAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlfaro Molina, RAli, YAlici, AAlkin, AAlme, JAlt, TAltenkamper, LAltsybeev, IAndrei, CAndreou, DAndrews, HAAndronic, AAngeletti, MAnguelov, VAnson, CAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAnwar, RApadula, NAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArnaldi, RArnold, OWArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABall, MBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarioglio, LBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartsch, EBastid, NBasu, SBatigne, GBatista Camejo, ABatyunya, BBatzing, PCBazo Alba, JLBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBeltran, LGEBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhaduri, PPBhasin, ABhat, IRBhatt, HBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, ABianchi, LBianchi, N2018-07-01We report on the measurement of the inclusive J/ψ$$\psi $$ polarization parameters in pp collisions at a center of mass energy s=8$$\sqrt{s} = 8$$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.23 pb-1$$^{-1}$$. J/ψ$$\psi $$ resonances are reconstructed in their di-muon decay channel in the rapidity interval 2.55106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/50m1b258https://escholarship.org/content/qt50m1b258/qt50m1b258.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6027-2articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 78, iss 7562oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4vq587pd2026-06-14T13:39:06Zqt4vq587pdEffectiveness of Opt-Out HIV Testing in the Emergency Department: A RE-AIM-Informed Evaluation of Linkage to CareCornejo, ElsaMaynard, ErinSaldivar, AnnaeKoenig, B. Witkind2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vq587pdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt4vq587pd/qt4vq587pd.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66258articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1mj6w9ns2026-06-14T13:37:16Zqt1mj6w9nsPlanck 2018 resultsAghanim, NAkrami, YAlves, MIRAshdown, MAumont, JBaccigalupi, CBallardini, MBanday, AJBarreiro, RBBartolo, NBasak, SBenabed, KBernard, J-PBersanelli, MBielewicz, PBock, JJBond, JRBorrill, JBouchet, FRBoulanger, FBracco, ABucher, MBurigana, CCalabrese, ECardoso, J-FCarron, JChary, R-RChiang, HCColombo, LPLCombet, CCrill, BPCuttaia, Fde Bernardis, Pde Zotti, GDelabrouille, JDelouis, J-MDi Valentino, EDickinson, CDiego, JMDoré, ODouspis, MDucout, ADupac, XEfstathiou, GElsner, FEnßlin, TAEriksen, HKFalgarone, EFantaye, YFernandez-Cobos, RFerrière, KFinelli, FForastieri, FFrailis, MFraisse, AAFranceschi, EFrolov, AGaleotta, SGalli, SGanga, KGénova-Santos, RTGerbino, MGhosh, TGonzález-Nuevo, JGórski, KMGratton, SGreen, GGruppuso, AGudmundsson, JEGuillet, VHandley, WHansen, FKHelou, GHerranz, DHivon, EHuang, ZJaffe, AHJones, WCKeihänen, EKeskitalo, RKiiveri, KKim, JKrachmalnicoff, NKunz, MKurki-Suonio, HLagache, GLamarre, J-MLasenby, ALattanzi, MLawrence, CRLe Jeune, MLevrier, FLiguori, MLilje, PBLindholm, VLópez-Caniego, MLubin, PMMa, Y-ZMacías-Pérez, JFMaggio, G2020-09-01Observations of the submillimetre emission from Galactic dust, in both total intensity
I
and polarization, have received tremendous interest thanks to the
Planck
full-sky maps. In this paper we make use of such full-sky maps of dust polarized emission produced from the third public release of
Planck
data. As the basis for expanding on astrophysical studies of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust, we present full-sky maps of the dust polarization fraction
p
, polarization angle
ψ
, and dispersion function of polarization angles ?. The joint distribution (one-point statistics) of
p
and
N
H
confirms that the mean and maximum polarization fractions decrease with increasing
N
H
. The uncertainty on the maximum observed polarization fraction,
p
max
= 22.0
−1.4
+3.5
% at 353 GHz and 80′ resolution, is dominated by the uncertainty on the Galactic emission zero level in total intensity, in particular towards diffuse lines of sight at high Galactic latitudes. Furthermore, the inverse behaviour between
p
and ? found earlier is seen to be present at high latitudes. This follows the ? ∝
p
−1
relationship expected from models of the polarized sky (including numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamical turbulence) that include effects from only the topology of the turbulent magnetic field, but otherwise have uniform alignment and dust properties. Thus, the statistical properties of
p
,
ψ
, and ? for the most part reflect the structure of the Galactic magnetic field. Nevertheless, we search for potential signatures of varying grain alignment and dust properties. First, we analyse the product map ? ×
p
, looking for residual trends. While the polarization fraction
p
decreases by a factor of 3−4 between
N
H
= 10
20
cm
−2
and
N
H
= 2 × 10
22
cm
−2
, out of the Galactic plane, this product ? ×
p
only decreases by about 25%. Because ? is independent of the grain alignment efficiency, this demonstrates that the systematic decrease in
p
with
N
H
is determined mostly by the magnetic-field structure and not by a drop in grain alignment. This systematic trend is observed both in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and in molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. Second, we look for a dependence of polarization properties on the dust temperature, as we would expect from the radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory. We find no systematic trend of ? ×
p
with the dust temperature
T
d
, whether in the diffuse ISM or in the molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. In the diffuse ISM, lines of sight with high polarization fraction
p
and low polarization angle dispersion ? tend, on the contrary, to have colder dust than lines of sight with low
p
and high ?. We also compare the
Planck
thermal dust polarization with starlight polarization data in the visible at high Galactic latitudes. The agreement in polarization angles is remarkable, and is consistent with what we expect from the noise and the observed dispersion of polarization angles in the visible on the scale of the
Planck
beam. The two polarization emission-to-extinction ratios,
R
P
/
p
and
R
S/V
, which primarily characterize dust optical properties, have only a weak dependence on the column density, and converge towards the values previously determined for translucent lines of sight. We also determine an upper limit for the polarization fraction in extinction,
p
V
/
E
(
B
−
V
), of 13% at high Galactic latitude, compatible with the polarization fraction
p
≈ 20% observed at 353 GHz. Taken together, these results provide strong constraints for models of Galactic dust in diffuse gas.5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)polarizationmagnetic fieldsturbulencedustextinctionlocal insterstellar mattersubmillimeter: ISMastro-ph.GAastro-ph.GA0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)Astronomy & Astrophysics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)5109 Space sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mj6w9nshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1mj6w9ns/qt1mj6w9ns.pdfinfo:doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201833885articleAstronomy & Astrophysics, vol 641a12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0v55x8872026-06-14T13:36:08Zqt0v55x887Search for pair production of Higgsinos in final states with at least three b-tagged jets in s=13 TeV pp collisions using the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2018-11-01A search for pair production of the supersymmetric partners of the Higgs boson (higgsinos H˜) in gauge-mediated scenarios is reported. Each higgsino is assumed to decay to a Higgs boson and a gravitino. Two complementary analyses, targeting high- and low-mass signals, are performed to maximize sensitivity. The two analyses utilize LHC pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy s=13 TeV, the former with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 and the latter with 24.3 fb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The search is performed in events containing missing transverse momentum and several energetic jets, at least three of which must be identified as b-quark jets. No significant excess is found above the predicted background. Limits on the cross section are set as a function of the mass of the H˜ in simplified models assuming production via mass-degenerate higgsinos decaying to a Higgs boson and a gravitino. Higgsinos with masses between 130 and 230 GeV and between 290 and 880 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. Interpretations of the limits in terms of the branching ratio of the higgsino to a Z boson or a Higgs boson are also presented, and a 45% branching ratio to a Higgs boson is excluded for mH˜≈400 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0v55x887info:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.092002articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 9092002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8ct4v6j52026-06-14T13:30:10Zqt8ct4v6j5Probing the Quantum Interference between Singly and Doubly Resonant Top-Quark Production in pp Collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS DetectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, OArnold, H2018-10-12This Letter presents a normalized differential cross-section measurement in a fiducial phase-space region where interference effects between top-quark pair production and associated production of a single top quark with a W boson and a b-quark are significant. Events with exactly two leptons (ee, μμ, or eμ) and two b-tagged jets that satisfy a multiparticle invariant mass requirement are selected from 36.1 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data taken at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. The results are compared with predictions from simulations using various strategies for the interference. The standard prescriptions for interference modeling are significantly different from each other but are within 2σ of the data. State-of-the-art predictions that naturally incorporate interference effects provide the best description of the data in the measured region of phase space most sensitive to these effects. These results provide an important constraint on interference models and will guide future model development and tuning.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ct4v6j5https://escholarship.org/content/qt8ct4v6j5/qt8ct4v6j5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.121.152002articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 121, iss 15152002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3d96691n2026-06-14T13:29:32Zqt3d96691nSearch for pair production of heavy vector-like quarks decaying into high-pTW bosons and top quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VAraujo Pereira, RArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2018-08-01A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vector-like B quarks, primarily targeting B quark decays into a W boson and a top quark. The search is based on 36.1 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by a high-transverse-momentum isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum, and multiple jets, of which at least one is b-tagged. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed. The 95% confidence level lower limit on the B mass is 1350 GeV assuming a 100% branching ratio to Wt. In the SU(2) singlet scenario, the lower mass limit is 1170 GeV. The 100% branching ratio limits are found to be also applicable to heavy vector-like X production, with charge +5/3, that decay into Wt. This search is also sensitive to a heavy vector-like B quark decaying into other final states (Zb and Hb) and thus mass limits on B production are set as a function of the decay branching ratios.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ExoticsHadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)vector-like quarkshep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d96691ninfo:doi/10.1007/jhep08(2018)048articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 848oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4d35p9k42026-06-14T13:25:50Zqt4d35p9k4Combined measurement of differential and total cross sections in the H → γγ and the H → ZZ ⁎ → 4ℓ decay channels at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2018-11-01A combined measurement of differential and inclusive total cross sections of Higgs boson production is performed using 36.1 fb−1 of 13 TeV proton–proton collision data produced by the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. Cross sections are obtained from measured H→γγ and H→ZZ⁎→4ℓ event yields, which are combined taking into account detector efficiencies, resolution, acceptances and branching fractions. The total Higgs boson production cross section is measured to be 57.0−5.9 +6.0 (stat.) −3.3 +4.0 (syst.) pb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction. Differential cross-section measurements are presented for the Higgs boson transverse momentum distribution, Higgs boson rapidity, number of jets produced together with the Higgs boson, and the transverse momentum of the leading jet. The results from the two decay channels are found to be compatible, and their combination agrees with the Standard Model predictions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d35p9k4info:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.09.019articlePhysics Letters B, vol 786114 - 133oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8j1651432026-06-14T13:25:21Zqt8j165143Measurement of the nuclear modification factor for inclusive jets in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MPozo, JA AparisiBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2019-03-01Measurements of the yield and nuclear modification factor, R AA , for inclusive jet production are performed using 0.49 nb−1 of Pb+Pb data at s NN = 5.02 TeV and 25 pb−1 of pp data at s = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed with the anti- k t algorithm with radius parameter R = 0.4 and are measured over the transverse momentum range of 40–1000 GeV in six rapidity intervals covering | y | < 2.8 . The magnitude of R AA increases with increasing jet transverse momentum, reaching a value of approximately 0.6 at 1 TeV in the most central collisions. The magnitude of R AA also increases towards peripheral collisions. The value of R AA is independent of rapidity at low jet transverse momenta, but it is observed to decrease with increasing rapidity at high transverse momenta.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j165143info:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.076articlePhysics Letters B, vol 790108 - 128oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt35r1v5rn2026-06-14T13:25:11Zqt35r1v5rnMeasurement of jet fragmentation in Pb+Pb and pp collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, AArnaez, OArnold, H2018-08-01This paper presents a measurement of jet fragmentation functions in 0.49 nb-1 of Pb+Pb collisions and 25 pb-1 of pp collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV collected in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. These measurements provide insight into the jet quenching process in the quark-gluon plasma created in the aftermath of ultrarelativistic collisions between two nuclei. The modifications to the jet fragmentation functions are quantified by dividing the measurements in Pb+Pb collisions by baseline measurements in pp collisions. This ratio is studied as a function of the transverse momentum of the jet, the jet rapidity, and the centrality of the collision. In both collision systems, the jet fragmentation functions are measured for jets with transverse momentum between 126 and 398 GeV and with an absolute value of jet rapidity less than 2.1. An enhancement of particles carrying a small fraction of the jet momentum is observed, which increases with centrality and with increasing jet transverse momentum. Yields of particles carrying a very large fraction of the jet momentum are also observed to be enhanced. Between these two enhancements of the fragmentation functions a suppression of particles carrying an intermediate fraction of the jet momentum is observed in Pb+Pb collisions. A small dependence of the modifications on jet rapidity is observed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exhep-ex5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/35r1v5rnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt35r1v5rn/qt35r1v5rn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevc.98.024908articlePhysical Review C, vol 98, iss 2024908oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8ht4k5js2026-06-14T13:24:24Zqt8ht4k5jsSearch for photonic signatures of gauge-mediated supersymmetry in 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2018-05-01A search is presented for photonic signatures, motivated by generalized models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. This search makes use of proton-proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC, and it explores models dominated by both strong and electroweak production of supersymmetric partner states. Experimental signatures incorporating an isolated photon and significant missing transverse momentum are explored. These signatures include events with an additional photon or additional jet activity not associated with any specific underlying quark flavor. No significant excess of events is observed above the Standard Model prediction, and 95% confidence-level upper limits of between 0.083 and 0.32 fb are set on the visible cross section of contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. These results are interpreted in terms of lower limits on the masses of gluinos, squarks, and gauginos in the context of generalized models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry, which reach as high as 2.3 TeV for strongly produced and 1.3 TeV for weakly produced supersymmetric partner pairs.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ht4k5jshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8ht4k5js/qt8ht4k5js.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.97.092006articlePhysical Review D, vol 97, iss 9092006oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt26q109pp2026-06-14T13:24:03Zqt26q109ppSearch for long-lived charginos based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2018-06-01This paper presents a search for direct electroweak gaugino or gluino pair production with a chargino nearly mass-degenerate with a stable neutralino. It is based on an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The final state of interest is a disappearing track accompanied by at least one jet with high transverse momentum from initial-state radiation or by four jets from the gluino decay chain. The use of short track segments reconstructed from the innermost tracking layers significantly improves the sensitivity to short chargino lifetimes. The results are found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions. Exclusion limits are set at 95% confidence level on the mass of charginos and gluinos for different chargino lifetimes. For a pure wino with a lifetime of about 0.2 ns, chargino masses up to 460 GeV are excluded. For the strong production channel, gluino masses up to 1.65 TeV are excluded assuming a chargino mass of 460 GeV and lifetime of 0.2 ns.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/26q109pphttps://escholarship.org/content/qt26q109pp/qt26q109pp.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep06(2018)022articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 622oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9jc1n42q2026-06-14T13:08:34Zqt9jc1n42qArtificial Intelligence-Powered Electrocardiogram Interpretation Identifies STEMI Earlier than PhysiciansEller, Brandon L.Radey, Owen A.Inslee, Alexandra K.Barros, Peter L.Herman, RobertTancredi, Daniel J.Mumma, Bryn E.2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jc1n42qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9jc1n42q/qt9jc1n42q.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66257articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0n97m6b92026-06-14T13:08:16Zqt0n97m6b9Search for light resonances decaying to boosted quark pairs and produced in association with a photon or a jet in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2019-01-01This Letter presents a search for new light resonances decaying to pairs of quarks and produced in association with a high- p T photon or jet. The dataset consists of proton–proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Resonance candidates are identified as massive large-radius jets with substructure consistent with a particle decaying into a quark pair. The mass spectrum of the candidates is examined for local excesses above background. No evidence of a new resonance is observed in the data, which are used to exclude the production of a lepto-phobic axial-vector Z ′ boson.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n97m6b9info:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.09.062articlePhysics Letters B, vol 788316 - 335oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0h0827tp2026-06-14T13:08:05Zqt0h0827tpSearch for flavour-changing neutral current top-quark decays t → qZ in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2018-07-01A search for flavour-changing neutral-current processes in top-quark decays is presented. Data collected with the ATLAS detector from proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1, are analysed. The search is performed using top-quark pair events, with one top quark decaying through the t → qZ (q = u, c) flavour-changing neutral-current channel, and the other through the dominant Standard Model mode t → bW. Only Z boson decays into charged leptons and leptonic W boson decays are considered as signal. Consequently, the final-state topology is characterized by the presence of three isolated charged leptons (electrons or muons), at least two jets, one of the jets originating from a b-quark, and missing transverse momentum from the undetected neutrino. The data are consistent with Standard Model background contributions, and at 95% confidence level the search sets observed (expected) upper limits of 1.7 × 10−4 (2.4 × 10−4) on the t → uZ branching ratio and 2.4 × 10−4 (3.2 × 10−4) on the t → cZ branching ratio, constituting the most stringent limits to date.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h0827tpinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep07(2018)176articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 7176oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt74m4k7ps2026-06-14T13:07:50Zqt74m4k7psSearch for supersymmetry in final states with missing transverse momentum and multiple b-jets in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2018-06-01A search for supersymmetry involving the pair production of gluinos decaying via third-generation squarks into the lightest neutralino χ˜10$$ \left({\tilde{\chi}}_1^0\right) $$ is reported. It uses LHC proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The search is performed in events containing large missing transverse momentum and several energetic jets, at least three of which must be identified as originating from b-quarks. To increase the sensitivity, the sample is divided into subsamples based on the presence or absence of electrons or muons. No excess is found above the predicted background. For χ˜10$$ {\tilde{\chi}}_1^0 $$ masses below approximately 300 GeV, gluino masses of less than 1.97 (1.92) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level in simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos that decay via top (bottom) squarks. An interpretation of the limits in terms of the branching ratios of the gluinos into third-generation squarks is also provided. These results improve upon the exclusion limits obtained with the 3.2 fb−1 of data collected in 2015.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/74m4k7pshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt74m4k7ps/qt74m4k7ps.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep06(2018)107articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 6107oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9vv532752026-06-14T13:07:40Zqt9vv53275Search for Higgs boson decays to beyond-the-Standard-Model light bosons in four-lepton events with the ATLAS detector at s=13 TeVThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2018-06-01A search is conducted for a beyond-the-Standard-Model boson using events where a Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV decays to four leptons (ℓ = e or μ). This decay is presumed to occur via an intermediate state which contains one or two on-shell, promptly decaying bosons: H → ZX/XX → 4ℓ, where X is a new vector boson Zd or pseudoscalar a with mass between 1 and 60 GeV. The search uses pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV. No significant excess of events above Standard Model background predictions is observed; therefore, upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on modelindependent fiducial cross-sections, and on the Higgs boson decay branching ratios to vector and pseudoscalar bosons in two benchmark models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Beyond Standard ModelHadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vv53275https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vv53275/qt9vv53275.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep06(2018)166articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 6166oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3b61b8132026-06-14T13:07:18Zqt3b61b813Measurements of Higgs boson properties in the diphoton decay channel with 36 fb-1 of pp collision data at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2018-09-01Properties of the Higgs boson are measured in the two-photon final state using 36.1 fb-1 of proton? proton collision data recorded at ffiffi √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Cross-section measurements for the production of a Higgs boson through gluon-gluon fusion, vectorboson fusion, and in association with a vector boson or a top-quark pair are reported. The signal strength, defined as the ratio of the observed to the expected signal yield, is measured for each of these production processes as well as inclusively. The global signal strength measurement of 0.99 ± 0.14 improves on the precision of the ATLAS measurement at √s = 7 and 8 TeV by a factor of two. Measurements of gluon-gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion productions yield signal strengths compatible with the Standard Model prediction. Measurements of simplified template cross sections, designed to quantify the different Higgs boson production processes in specific regions of phase space, are reported. The cross section for the production of the Higgs boson decaying to two isolated photons in a fiducial region closely matching the experimental selection of the photons is measured to be 55 ± 10 fb, which is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 64 ± 2 fb. Furthermore, cross sections in fiducial regions enriched in Higgs boson production in vector-boson fusion or in association with large missing transverse momentum, leptons or top-quark pairs are reported. Differential and double-differential measurements are performed for several variables related to the diphoton kinematics as well as the kinematics and multiplicity of the jets produced in association with a Higgs boson. These differential cross sections are sensitive to higher order QCD corrections and properties of the Higgs boson, such as its spin and CP quantum numbers. No significant deviations from a wide array of Standard Model predictions are observed. Finally, the strength and tensor structure of the Higgs boson interactions are investigated using an effective Lagrangian, which introduces additional CP-even and CP-odd interactions. No significant new physics contributions are observed.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b61b813https://escholarship.org/content/qt3b61b813/qt3b61b813.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.052005articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 5052005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8517z1nn2026-06-14T13:06:47Zqt8517z1nnMeasurement of inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HAkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezAlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-01-01Inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measurement uses a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 recorded in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Jets are identified using the anti-kt algorithm with a radius parameter value of R = 0.4. The inclusive jet cross-sections are measured double-differentially as a function of the jet transverse momentum, covering the range from 100 GeV to 3.5 TeV, and the absolute jet rapidity up to |y| = 3. The double-differential dijet production cross-sections are presented as a function of the dijet mass, covering the range from 300 GeV to 9 TeV, and the half absolute rapidity separation between the two leading jets within |y| < 3, y∗, up to y∗ = 3. Next-to-leading-order, and next-to-next-to-leading-order for the inclusive jet measurement, perturbative QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative and electroweak effects are compared to the measured cross-sections.Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8517z1nnhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8517z1nn/qt8517z1nn.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/JHEP05(2018)195articleJOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, vol 2018, iss 5195oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8mp5d5x02026-06-14T13:05:26Zqt8mp5d5x0Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2018-05-01The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameter R=0.4 and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from SHERPA and PYTHIA as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from JETPHOX and SHERPA are compared to the measurements.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mp5d5x0https://escholarship.org/content/qt8mp5d5x0/qt8mp5d5x0.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.03.035articlePhysics Letters B, vol 780578 - 602oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8d1796452026-06-14T13:05:16Zqt8d179645Search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top quark decays t→Hc and t→Hu in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouzeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArmstrong, A2018-08-01Flavor-changing neutral currents are not present in the Standard Model at tree level and are suppressed in loop processes by the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix; the corresponding rates for top quark decay processes are experimentally unobservable. Extensions of the Standard Model can generate new flavor-changing neutral current processes, leading to signals which, if observed, would be unambiguous evidence of new interactions. A data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to search for top quarks decaying to up or charm quarks with the emission of a Higgs boson, with subsequent Higgs boson decay to final states with at least one electron or muon. No signal is observed and limits on the branching fractions B(t→Hc)<0.16% and B(t→Hu)<0.19% at 95% confidence level are obtained (with expected limits of 0.15% in both cases).5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d179645info:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.032002articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 3032002oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8sz4k8hx2026-06-14T13:05:05Zqt8sz4k8hxSearch for heavy resonances decaying to a photon and a hadronically decaying Z/W/H boson in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoPereira, R AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2018-08-01Many extensions of the Standard Model predict new resonances decaying to a Z, W, or Higgs boson and a photon. This paper presents a search for such resonances produced in pp collisions at s=13 TeV using a data set with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The Z/W/H bosons are identified through their decays to hadrons. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectation in the entire investigated mass range. Upper limits are set on the production cross section times branching fraction for resonance decays to Z/W+γ in the mass range from 1.0 to 6.8 TeV and for the first time into H+γ in the mass range from 1.0 to 3.0 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sz4k8hxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8sz4k8hx/qt8sz4k8hx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.032015articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 3032015oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2b28b1712026-06-14T13:04:45Zqt2b28b171Measurements of b-jet tagging efficiency with the ATLAS detector using tt¯ events at s=13 TeVThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbhayasinghe, DKAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdiguzel, AAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmrouche, CSAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnelli, CRAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAnthony, MTAntonelli, MAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VAraujo Pereira, RArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-08-01The efficiency to identify jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) is measured using a high purity sample of dileptonic top quark-antiquark pairs (tt¯) selected from the 36.1 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016 from proton-proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy s=13 TeV. Two methods are used to extract the efficiency from tt¯ events, a combinatorial likelihood approach and a tag-and-probe method. A boosted decision tree, not using b-tagging information, is used to select events in which two b-jets are present, which reduces the dominant uncertainty in the modelling of the flavour of the jets. The efficiency is extracted for jets in a transverse momentum range from 20 to 300 GeV, with data-to-simulation scale factors calculated by comparing the efficiency measured using collision data to that predicted by the simulation. The two methods give compatible results, and achieve a similar level of precision, measuring data-to-simulation scale factors close to unity with uncertainties ranging from 2% to 12% depending on the jet transverse momentum.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b28b171info:doi/10.1007/jhep08(2018)089articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2018, iss 889oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt71p713p52026-06-14T13:04:34Zqt71p713p5Measurement of dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and determination of the strong couplingAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2018-11-01A measurement of the rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of dijet azimuthal decorrelations is presented, using the quantity RΔϕ. The quantity RΔϕ specifies the fraction of the inclusive dijet events in which the azimuthal opening angle of the two jets with the highest transverse momenta is less than a given value of the parameter Δϕmax. The quantity RΔϕ is measured in proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV as a function of the dijet rapidity interval, the event total scalar transverse momentum, and Δϕmax. The measurement uses an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Predictions of a perturbative QCD calculation at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling with corrections for nonperturbative effects are compared to the data. The theoretical predictions describe the data in the whole kinematic region. The data are used to determine the strong coupling αS and to study its running for momentum transfers from 260 GeV to above 1.6 TeV. Analysis that combines data at all momentum transfers results in αS(mZ)=0.1127-0.0027+0.0063.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/71p713p5info:doi/10.1103/physrevd.98.092004articlePhysical Review D, vol 98, iss 9092004oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1mj099p52026-06-14T12:59:56Zqt1mj099p5Correlation measurements between flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions at RHICAdam, JAdamczyk, LAdams, JRAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAtetalla, FAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBarish, KBassill, AJBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBryslawskyj, JBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, F-HChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, JHChen, XChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDedovich, TGDeppner, IMDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGeurts, FGibson, AGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2018-08-01Flow harmonics ( v n ) in the Fourier expansion of the azimuthal distribution of particles are widely used to quantify the anisotropy in particle emission in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The symmetric cumulants, S C ( m , n ) , are used to measure the correlations between different orders of flow harmonics. These correlations are used to constrain the initial conditions and the transport properties of the medium in theoretical models. In this Letter, we present the first measurements of the four-particle symmetric cumulants in Au+Au collisions at s N N = 39 and 200 GeV from data collected by the STAR experiment at RHIC. We observe that v 2 and v 3 are anti-correlated in all centrality intervals with similar correlation strengths from 39 GeV Au+Au to 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb (measured by the ALICE experiment). The v 2 – v 4 correlation seems to be stronger at 39 GeV than at higher collision energies. The initial-stage anti-correlations between second and third order eccentricities are sufficient to describe the measured correlations between v 2 and v 3 . The best description of v 2 – v 4 correlations at s N N = 200 GeV is obtained with inclusion of the system's nonlinear response to initial eccentricities accompanied by the viscous effect with η / s > 0.08 . Theoretical calculations using different initial conditions, equations of state and viscous coefficients need to be further explored to extract η / s of the medium created at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)CollectivityCorrelationShear viscositynucl-exnucl-exhep-exNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mj099p5https://escholarship.org/content/qt1mj099p5/qt1mj099p5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.076articlePhysics Letters B, vol 783459 - 465oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt40h0427h2026-06-14T12:59:21Zqt40h0427hEvidence for the associated production of the Higgs boson and a top quark pair with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PVerzini, MJ AlconadaAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllaire, CAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTCoutinho, Y AmaralAmbroz, LAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPFerraz, V AraujoArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2018-04-01A search for the associated production of the Higgs boson with a top quark pair (tt¯H) is reported. The search is performed in multilepton final states using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at a center-of-mass energy s=13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. Higgs boson decays to WW*, ττ, and ZZ* are targeted. Seven final states, categorized by the number and flavor of charged-lepton candidates, are examined for the presence of the Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV and a pair of top quarks. An excess of events over the expected background from Standard Model processes is found with an observed significance of 4.1 standard deviations, compared to an expectation of 2.8 standard deviations. The best fit for the tt¯H production cross section is σ(tt¯H)=790-210+230 fb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 507-50+35 fb. The combination of this result with other tt¯H searches from the ATLAS experiment using the Higgs boson decay modes to bb¯, γγ and ZZ*→4ℓ, has an observed significance of 4.2 standard deviations, compared to an expectation of 3.8 standard deviations. This provides evidence for the tt¯H production mode.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/40h0427hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt40h0427h/qt40h0427h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.97.072003articlePhysical Review D, vol 97, iss 7072003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3846d0m62026-06-14T12:58:45Zqt3846d0m6A search for pair-produced resonances in four-jet final states at s=13TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-03-01A search for massive coloured resonances which are pair-produced and decay into two jets is presented. The analysis uses 36.7 fb-1$$^{-1}$$ of s$$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. No significant deviation from the background prediction is observed. Results are interpreted in a SUSY simplified model where the lightest supersymmetric particle is the top squark, t~$$\tilde{t}$$, which decays promptly into two quarks through R-parity-violating couplings. Top squarks with masses in the range 100GeV5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3846d0m6https://escholarship.org/content/qt3846d0m6/qt3846d0m6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5693-4articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 78, iss 3250oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2mb9z13h2026-06-14T12:54:59Zqt2mb9z13hMeasurement of τ polarisation in Z/γ∗→ττ decays in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2018-02-01This paper presents a measurement of the polarisation of τ$$\tau $$ leptons produced in Z/γ∗→ττ$$Z/\gamma ^{*}\rightarrow \tau \tau $$ decays which is performed with a dataset of proton—proton collisions at s=8$$\sqrt{s}=8$$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb-1$$^{-1}$$ recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The Z/γ∗→ττ$$Z/\gamma ^{*}\rightarrow \tau \tau $$ decays are reconstructed from a hadronically decaying τ$$\tau $$ lepton with a single charged particle in the final state, accompanied by a τ$$\tau $$ lepton that decays leptonically. The τ$$\tau $$ polarisation is inferred from the relative fraction of energy carried by charged and neutral hadrons in the hadronic τ$$\tau $$ decays. The polarisation is measured in a fiducial region that corresponds to the kinematic region accessible to this analysis. The τ$$\tau $$ polarisation extracted over the full phase space within the Z/γ∗$$Z/\gamma ^{*}$$ mass range of 665106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mb9z13hhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2mb9z13h/qt2mb9z13h.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5619-1articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 78, iss 2163oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1f85s5p32026-06-14T12:54:00Zqt1f85s5p3Search for a scalar partner of the top quark in the jets plus missing transverse momentum final state at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJ2017-12-01A search for pair production of a scalar partner of the top quark in events with four or more jets plus missing transverse momentum is presented. An analysis of 36.1 fb−1 of s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV proton-proton collisions collected using the ATLAS detector at the LHC yields no significant excess over the expected Standard Model background. To interpret the results a simplified supersymmetric model is used where the top squark is assumed to decay via t˜1→t∗χ˜10$$ {\tilde{t}}_1\to {t}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\tilde{\upchi}}_1^0 $$ and t˜1→bχ˜1±→bW∗χ˜10$$ {\tilde{t}}_1\to b{\tilde{\upchi}}_1^{\pm}\to b{W}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\tilde{\upchi}}_1^0 $$, where χ10(χ1±) denotes the lightest neutralino (chargino). Exclusion limits are placed in terms of the top-squark and neutralino masses. Assuming a branching ratio of 100% to tχ˜10$$ t{\tilde{\upchi}}_1^0 $$, top-squark masses in the range 450–1000 GeV are excluded for χ˜10$$ {\tilde{\upchi}}_1^0 $$ masses below 160 GeV. In the case where mt˜1∼mt+mχ˜10$$ {m}_{{\tilde{t}}_1}\sim {m}_t+{m}_{{\tilde{\chi}}_1^0} $$, top-squark masses in the range 235–590 GeV are excluded.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f85s5p3https://escholarship.org/content/qt1f85s5p3/qt1f85s5p3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep12(2017)085articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2017, iss 1285oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt64p0m6qs2026-06-14T12:50:46Zqt64p0m6qsMeasurement of lepton differential distributions and the top quark mass in tt¯ production in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAbidi, SHAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdelman, JAdersberger, MAdye, TAffolder, AAAfik, YAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgheorghiesei, CAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkatsuka, SAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkilli, EAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbicocco, PAlconada Verzini, MJAlderweireldt, SCAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MIAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntrim, DJAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPAraujo Ferraz, VArce, ATHArdell, REArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJ2017-11-01This paper presents single lepton and dilepton kinematic distributions measured in dileptonic tt¯$$t\bar{t}$$ events produced in 20.2fb-1$$\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$ of s=8$$\sqrt{s}=8$$ TeV pp collisions recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Both absolute and normalised differential cross-sections are measured, using events with an opposite-charge eμ$$e\mu $$ pair and one or two b-tagged jets. The cross-sections are measured in a fiducial region corresponding to the detector acceptance for leptons, and are compared to the predictions from a variety of Monte Carlo event generators, as well as fixed-order QCD calculations, exploring the sensitivity of the cross-sections to the gluon parton distribution function. Some of the distributions are also sensitive to the top quark pole mass; a combined fit of NLO fixed-order predictions to all the measured distributions yields a top quark mass value of mtpole=173.2±0.9±0.8±1.2$${m_t^{\mathrm {pole}}}=173.2\pm 0.9\pm 0.8\pm 1.2$$ GeV, where the three uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental systematics, and theoretical sources.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/64p0m6qshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt64p0m6qs/qt64p0m6qs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5349-9articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 77, iss 11804oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2bz7t6hg2026-06-14T12:47:57Zqt2bz7t6hgPrevalence of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout Among Emergency Medicine Residents: A Cross-Sectional Needs Assessment to Guide Wellness InterventionsVance, CarolineMundo, WilliamRoosevelt, GenieRoswell, Kelley2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bz7t6hghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2bz7t6hg/qt2bz7t6hg.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66256articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0ts0f1f12026-06-14T12:45:41Zqt0ts0f1f1High performance multivariate visual data exploration for extremely large dataRubel, OliverPrabhatWu, KeshengChilds, HankMeredith, JeremyGeddes, Cameron GRCormier-Michel, EstelleAhern, SeanWeber, Gunther HMessmer, PeterHagen, HansHamann, BerndBethel, E Wes2008-11-01One of the central challenges in modern science is the need to quickly derive knowledge and understanding from large, complex collections of data. We present a new approach that deals with this challenge by combining and extending techniques from high performance visual data analysis and scientific data management. This approach is demonstrated within the context of gaining insight from complex, time-varying datasets produced by a laser wakefield accelerator simulation. Our approach leverages histogram-based parallel coordinates for both visual information display as well as a vehicle for guiding a data mining operation. Data extraction and subsetting are implemented with state-of-the-art index/query technology. This approach, while applied here to accelerator science, is generally applicable to a broad set of science applications, and is implemented in a production-quality visual data analysis infrastructure. We conduct a detailed performance analysis and demonstrate good scalability on a distributed memory Cray XT4 system.4605 Data Management and Data Science (for-2020)46 Information and Computing Sciences (for-2020)Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ts0f1f1https://escholarship.org/content/qt0ts0f1f1/qt0ts0f1f1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1109/sc.2008.5214436articleHigh Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis1 - 12oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5807j4kr2026-06-14T12:40:47Zqt5807j4krSearch for anomalous electroweak production of WW/WZ in association with a high-mass dijet system in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2017-02-01A search is presented for anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings in vector-boson scattering. The data for the analysis correspond to 20.2 fb-1 of s=8 TeV pp collisions and were collected in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The search looks for the production of WW or WZ boson pairs accompanied by a high-mass dijet system, with one W decaying leptonically and a W or Z decaying hadronically. The hadronically decaying W/Z is reconstructed as either two small-radius jets or one large-radius jet using jet substructure techniques. Constraints on the anomalous quartic gauge boson coupling parameters α4 and α5 are set by fitting the transverse mass of the diboson system, and the resulting 95% confidence intervals are -0.024<α4<0.030 and -0.028<α5<0.033.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5807j4krhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5807j4kr/qt5807j4kr.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.95.032001articlePhysical Review D, vol 95, iss 3032001oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt92w9b09z2026-06-14T12:39:18Zqt92w9b09zSearch for gluinos in events with an isolated lepton, jets and missing transverse momentum at s = 13 Te V with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DSantos, SP Amor DosAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2016-10-01The results of a search for gluinos in final states with an isolated electron or muon, multiple jets and large missing transverse momentum using proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13TeV$$\sqrt{s} = 13 \mathrm{{\ Te V}}$$ are presented. The dataset used was recorded in 2015 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb-1$$^{-1}$$. Six signal selections are defined that best exploit the signal characteristics. The data agree with the Standard Model background expectation in all six signal selections, and the largest deviation is a 2.1 standard deviation excess. The results are interpreted in a simplified model where pair-produced gluinos decay via the lightest chargino to the lightest neutralino. In this model, gluinos are excluded up to masses of approximately 1.6 Te V depending on the mass spectrum of the simplified model, thus surpassing the limits of previous searches.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/92w9b09zhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt92w9b09z/qt92w9b09z.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4397-xarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 10565oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt36k9389d2026-06-14T12:38:44Zqt36k9389dTransverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality dependence of inclusive charged-particle production in sNN=5.02 TeV p+Pb collisions measured by the ATLAS experimentCollaboration, The ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2016-12-01Measurements of the per-event charged-particle yield as a function of the charged-particle transverse momentum and rapidity are performed using p+Pb collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of sNN=5.02TeV. Charged particles are reconstructed over pseudorapidity |η|<2.3 and transverse momentum between 0.1 GeV and 22 GeV in a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 μb−1. The results are presented in the form of charged-particle nuclear modification factors, where the p+Pb charged-particle multiplicities are compared between central and peripheral p+Pb collisions as well as to charged-particle cross sections measured in pp collisions. The p+Pb collision centrality is characterized by the total transverse energy measured in −4.9<η<−3.1, which is in the direction of the outgoing lead beam. Three different estimations of the number of nucleons participating in the p+Pb collision are carried out using the Glauber model and two Glauber–Gribov colour-fluctuation extensions to the Glauber model. The values of the nuclear modification factors are found to vary significantly as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum. A broad peak is observed for all centralities and rapidities in the nuclear modification factors for charged-particle transverse momentum values around 3 GeV. The magnitude of the peak increases for more central collisions as well as rapidity ranges closer to the direction of the outgoing lead nucleus.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exnucl-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/36k9389dhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt36k9389d/qt36k9389d.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.10.053articlePhysics Letters B, vol 763313 - 336oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1gx2j52v2026-06-14T12:38:14Zqt1gx2j52vTest of CP invariance in vector-boson fusion production of the Higgs boson using the Optimal Observable method in the ditau decay channel with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdinov, OAbdallah, JAbeloos, BAben, RAbolins, MAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DSantos, SP Amor DosAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, H2016-12-01A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion using the method of the Optimal Observable is presented. The analysis exploits the decay mode of the Higgs boson into a pair of τ$$\tau $$ leptons and is based on 20.3 fb-1$$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$$ of proton–proton collision data at s$$\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 TeV$$\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Contributions from CP-violating interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons are described in an effective field theory framework, in which the strength of CP violation is governed by a single parameter d~$$\tilde{d}$$. The mean values and distributions of CP-odd observables agree with the expectation in the Standard Model and show no sign of CP violation. The CP-mixing parameter d~$$\tilde{d}$$ is constrained to the interval (-0.11,0.05)$$(-0.11,0.05)$$ at 68% confidence level, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of d~=0$$\tilde{d}=0$$.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gx2j52vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt1gx2j52v/qt1gx2j52v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4499-5articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 12658oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt54v5p6hx2026-06-14T12:36:51Zqt54v5p6hxSearch for dark matter in association with a Higgs boson decaying to b-quarks in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, O2017-02-01A search for dark matter pair production in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks is presented, using 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The decay of the Higgs boson is reconstructed as a high-momentum bb¯ system with either a pair of small-radius jets, or a single large-radius jet with substructure. The observed data are found to be consistent with the expected backgrounds. Results are interpreted using a simplified model with a Z′ gauge boson mediating the interaction between dark matter and the Standard Model as well as a two-Higgs-doublet model containing an additional Z′ boson which decays to a Standard Model Higgs boson and a new pseudoscalar Higgs boson, the latter decaying into a pair of dark matter particles.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/54v5p6hxhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt54v5p6hx/qt54v5p6hx.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.11.035articlePhysics Letters B, vol 76511 - 31oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6j30078b2026-06-14T12:36:40Zqt6j30078bMeasurement of W+W− production in association with one jet in proton–proton collisions at s=8TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, O2016-12-01The production of W boson pairs in association with one jet in pp collisions at s=8 TeV is studied using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The cross section is measured in a fiducial phase-space region defined by the presence of exactly one electron and one muon, missing transverse momentum and exactly one jet with a transverse momentum above 25 GeV and a pseudorapidity of |η|<4.5. The leptons are required to have opposite electric charge and to pass transverse momentum and pseudorapidity requirements. The fiducial cross section is found to be σWWfid,1-jet=136±6(stat)±14(syst)±3(lumi) fb. In combination with a previous measurement restricted to leptonic final states with no associated jets, the fiducial cross section of WW production with zero or one jet is measured to be σWWfid,≤1-jet=511±9(stat)±26(syst)±10(lumi) fb. The ratio of fiducial cross sections in final states with one and zero jets is determined to be 0.36±0.05. Finally, a total cross section extrapolated from the fiducial measurement of WW production with zero or one associated jet is reported. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions and found in good agreement.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6j30078bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6j30078b/qt6j30078b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.10.014articlePhysics Letters B, vol 763114 - 133oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8d01t47v2026-06-14T12:36:30Zqt8d01t47vMeasurement of W boson angular distributions in events with high transverse momentum jets at s=8 TeV using the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, The ATLASAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdachi, SAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAli, BAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlshehri, AAAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntel, CAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, O2017-02-01The W boson angular distribution in events with high transverse momentum jets is measured using data collected by the ATLAS experiment from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s=8 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. The focus is on the contributions to W+jets processes from real W emission, which is achieved by studying events where a muon is observed close to a high transverse momentum jet. At small angular separations, these contributions are expected to be large. Various theoretical models of this process are compared to the data in terms of the absolute cross-section and the angular distributions of the muon from the leptonic W decay.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d01t47vhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8d01t47v/qt8d01t47v.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.12.005articlePhysics Letters B, vol 765132 - 153oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1hk5q2n12026-06-14T12:35:57Zqt1hk5q2n1Study of the rare decays of Bs0 and B0 into muon pairs from data collected during the LHC Run 1 with the ATLAS detectorAaboud, MAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DSantos, SP Amor DosAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2016-09-01A study of the decays Bs0→μ+μ-$$B^0_s \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ and B0→μ+μ-$$B^0 \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ has been performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25 fb-1$$^{-1}$$ of 7 and 8 TeV proton–proton collisions collected with the ATLAS detector during the LHC Run 1. For the B0$$B^0$$ dimuon decay, an upper limit on the branching fraction is set at B(B0→μ+μ-)<4.2×10-10$$\mathcal{B}(B^0 \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-) < 4.2 \times 10^{-10}$$ at 95 % confidence level. For Bs0$$B^0_s$$, the branching fraction B(Bs0→μ+μ-)=0.9-0.8+1.1×10-9$$\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-) = \left( 0.9^{+1.1}_{-0.8} \right) \times 10^{-9}$$ is measured. The results are consistent with the Standard Model expectation with a p value of 4.8 %, corresponding to 2.0 standard deviations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hk5q2n1https://escholarship.org/content/qt1hk5q2n1/qt1hk5q2n1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4338-8articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 9513oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7qz0x8x12026-06-14T12:32:16Zqt7qz0x8x1Constraining the initial conditions and temperature dependent viscosity with three-particle correlations in Au+Au collisionsAdamczyk, LAdkins, JKAgakishiev, GAggarwal, MMAhammed, ZAjitanand, NNAlekseev, IAnderson, DMAoyama, RAparin, AArkhipkin, DAschenauer, ECAshraf, MUAttri, AAverichev, GSBai, XBairathi, VBehera, ABellwied, RBhasin, ABhati, AKBhattarai, PBielcik, JBielcikova, JBland, LCBordyuzhin, IGBouchet, JBrandenburg, JDBrandin, AVBrown, DBunzarov, IButterworth, JCaines, Hde la Barca Sánchez, M CalderónCampbell, JMCebra, DChakaberia, IChaloupka, PChang, ZChankova-Bunzarova, NChatterjee, AChattopadhyay, SChen, XChen, JHChen, XCheng, JCherney, MChristie, WContin, GCrawford, HJDas, SDe Silva, LCDebbe, RRDedovich, TGDeng, JDerevschikov, AADidenko, LDilks, CDong, XDrachenberg, JLDraper, JEDunkelberger, LEDunlop, JCEfimov, LGElsey, NEngelage, JEppley, GEsha, REsumi, SEvdokimov, OEwigleben, JEyser, OFatemi, RFazio, SFederic, PFedericova, PFedorisin, JFeng, ZFilip, PFinch, EFisyak, YFlores, CEFulek, LGagliardi, CAGarand, DGeurts, FGibson, AGirard, MGrosnick, DGunarathne, DSGuo, YGupta, AGupta, SGuryn, WHamad, AIHamed, AHarlenderova, AHarris, JWHe, LHeppelmann, S2019-03-01We present three-particle mixed-harmonic correlations 〈 cos ( m ϕ a + n ϕ b − ( m + n ) ϕ c ) 〉 for harmonics m , n = 1 − 3 for charged particles in s N N = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. These measurements provide information on the three-dimensional structure of the initial collision zone and are important for constraining models of a subsequent low-viscosity quark–gluon plasma expansion phase. We investigate correlations between the first, second and third harmonics predicted as a consequence of fluctuations in the initial state. The dependence of the correlations on the pseudorapidity separation between particles show hints of a breaking of longitudinal invariance. We compare our results to a number of state-of-the art hydrodynamic calculations with different initial states and temperature dependent viscosities. These measurements provide important steps towards constraining the temperature dependent viscosity and longitudinal structure of the initial state at RHIC.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)nucl-exnucl-exnucl-thNSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (c-lbnl-label)0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qz0x8x1https://escholarship.org/content/qt7qz0x8x1/qt7qz0x8x1.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.075articlePhysics Letters B, vol 79081 - 88oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt46f3d3r52026-06-14T12:30:49Zqt46f3d3r5Search for pair production of gluinos decaying via stop and sbottom in events with b-jets and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbouZeid, OSAbraham, NLAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAlstaty, MGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2016-08-01A search for supersymmetry involving the pair production of gluinos decaying via third-generation squarks to the lightest neutralino (χ˜10) is reported. It uses an LHC proton-proton data set at a center-of-mass energy s=13 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector in 2015. The signal is searched for in events containing several energetic jets, of which at least three must be identified as b jets, large missing transverse momentum, and, potentially, isolated electrons or muons. Large-radius jets with a high mass are also used to identify highly boosted top quarks. No excess is found above the predicted background. For χ˜10 masses below approximately 700 GeV, gluino masses of less than 1.78 TeV and 1.76 TeV are excluded at the 95% C.L. in simplified models of the pair production of gluinos decaying via sbottom and stop, respectively. These results significantly extend the exclusion limits obtained with the s=8 TeV data set.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/46f3d3r5https://escholarship.org/content/qt46f3d3r5/qt46f3d3r5.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.94.032003articlePhysical Review D, vol 94, iss 3032003oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8rc5f1gv2026-06-14T12:22:32Zqt8rc5f1gvImpact of a Low-Cost Ballistic Gel Phantom on Trainee Confidence in Ultrasound- Guided Fascia Iliaca BlockDesai, AkashSteinhauser, MitchellFallah, PhilipMedak, AnthonyMerte, BryanLiotta, BenjaminVail, EvvaOswald, Jessica2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rc5f1gvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8rc5f1gv/qt8rc5f1gv.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66255articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8wx8366q2026-06-14T12:03:53Zqt8wx8366qProbing lepton flavour violation via neutrinoless τ⟶3μ decays with the ATLAS detectorAtlas CollaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2016-05-01This article presents the sensitivity of the ATLAS experiment to the lepton-flavour-violating decays of τ→3μ$$\tau \rightarrow 3\mu $$. A method utilising the production of τ$$\tau $$ leptons via W→τν$$W\rightarrow \tau
u $$ decays is used. This method is applied to the sample of 20.3 fb-1$$^{-1}$$ of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. No event is observed passing the selection criteria, and the observed (expected) upper limit on the τ$$\tau $$ lepton branching fraction into three muons, Br(τ→3μ)$$\mathrm{Br}(\tau \rightarrow 3\mu )$$, is 3.76×10-7$$3.76\times 10^{-7}$$ (3.94×10-7$$3.94\times 10^{-7}$$) at 90 % confidence level.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Atlas CollaborationAtlas CollaborationAtlas Collaborationhep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wx8366qhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8wx8366q/qt8wx8366q.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4041-9articleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 5232oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0h9047gj2026-06-14T12:03:30Zqt0h9047gjErratum to: Study of the spin and parity of the Higgs boson in diboson decays with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2016-03-015106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h9047gjhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0h9047gj/qt0h9047gj.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3934-yarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 76, iss 3152oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6942z3w92026-06-14T12:03:09Zqt6942z3w9Search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into a tau pair in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2016-05-01A search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson with the decay H→ττ is presented. The data correspond to 20.3 fb-1 of integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2012. The data agree with the background expectation, and 95% confidence-level upper limits are placed on the cross section of this process. The observed (expected) limit, expressed in terms of the signal strength μ=σ/σSM for mH=125 GeV, is μ<5.6 (3.7). The measured value of the signal strength is μ=2.3±1.6.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6942z3w9https://escholarship.org/content/qt6942z3w9/qt6942z3w9.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.93.092005articlePhysical Review D, vol 93, iss 9092005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8f5569902026-06-14T12:02:28Zqt8f556990Evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector using the Matrix Element MethodCollaboration, ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2016-05-01This Letter presents evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel using proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed on events containing one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two b-tagged jets in the final state. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. The signal is extracted using a maximum-likelihood fit of a discriminant which is based on the matrix element method and optimized in order to separate single-top-quark s-channel events from the main background contributions, which are top-quark pair production and W boson production in association with heavy-flavour jets. The measurement leads to an observed signal significance of 3.2 standard deviations and a measured cross-section of σs=4.8±0.8(stat.)−1.3+1.6(syst.) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model expectation. The expected significance for the analysis is 3.9 standard deviations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f556990https://escholarship.org/content/qt8f556990/qt8f556990.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.03.017articlePhysics Letters B, vol 756, iss 756228 - 246oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2vk7k9862026-06-14T12:00:11Zqt2vk7k986Examining the Experiences of Ultrasound Standardized Patients Involved in Medical EducationGuy, MeganHsueh, AndyHsu, EdmundReddy, NiyatiDuran, CharlotteSaadat, SoheilFox, John2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vk7k986https://escholarship.org/content/qt2vk7k986/qt2vk7k986.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66253articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt53z8m52b2026-06-14T11:58:50Zqt53z8m52bCSF biomarkers associated with disease heterogeneity in early Parkinson’s disease: the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative studyKang, Ju-HeeMollenhauer, BritCoffey, Christopher SToledo, Jon BWeintraub, DanielGalasko, Douglas RIrwin, David JVan Deerlin, ViviannaChen-Plotkin, Alice SCaspell-Garcia, ChelseaWaligórska, TeresaTaylor, PeggyShah, NiraliPan, SarahZero, PawelFrasier, MarkMarek, KennethKieburtz, KarlJennings, DannaTanner, Caroline MSimuni, TanyaSingleton, AndrewToga, Arthur WChowdhury, SohiniTrojanowski, John QShaw, Leslie MThe Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative2016-06-01The development of biomarkers to predict the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) from its earliest stage through its heterogeneous course is critical for research and therapeutic development. The Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study is an ongoing international multicenter, prospective study to validate biomarkers in drug-naïve PD patients and matched healthy controls (HC). We quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein (α-syn), amyloid-beta1-42 (Aβ1-42), total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at Thr181 (p-tau) in 660 PPMI subjects at baseline, and correlated these data with measures of the clinical features of these subjects. We found that CSF α-syn, t-tau and p-tau levels, but not Aβ1-42, were significantly lower in PD compared with HC, while the diagnostic value of the individual CSF biomarkers for PD diagnosis was limited due to large overlap. The level of α-syn, but not other biomarkers, was significantly lower in PD patients with non-tremor-dominant phenotype compared with tremor-dominant phenotype. In addition, in PD patients the lowest Aβ1-42, or highest t-tau/Aβ1-42 and t-tau/α-syn quintile in PD patients were associated with more severe non-motor dysfunction compared with the highest or lowest quintiles, respectively. In a multivariate regression model, lower α-syn was significantly associated with worse cognitive test performance. APOE ε4 genotype was associated with lower levels of Aβ1-42, but neither with PD diagnosis nor cognition. Our data suggest that the measurement of CSF biomarkers in early-stage PD patients may relate to disease heterogeneity seen in PD. Longitudinal observations in PPMI subjects are needed to define their prognostic performance.32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)Neurodegenerative (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Dementia (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Acquired Cognitive Impairment (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)Parkinson's Disease (rcdc)Aging (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies (hrcs-rac)4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Amyloid beta-Peptides (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Cognition (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Disease Progression (mesh)Early Diagnosis (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Parkinson Disease (mesh)Peptide Fragments (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Parkinson's diseaseCerebrospinal fluid biomarkerParkinson's Progression Markers InitiativeA beta(1-42)TauAlpha-synucleinParkinson’s Progression Marker InitiativeHumans (mesh)Parkinson Disease (mesh)Disease Progression (mesh)Peptide Fragments (mesh)Early Diagnosis (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Cognition (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Amyloid beta-Peptides (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Alpha-synucleinAβ1-42Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkerParkinson’s Progression Markers InitiativeParkinson’s diseaseTauAdult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Amyloid beta-Peptides (mesh)Biomarkers (mesh)Cognition (mesh)Cognition Disorders (mesh)Disease Progression (mesh)Early Diagnosis (mesh)Female (mesh)Humans (mesh)Male (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Parkinson Disease (mesh)Peptide Fragments (mesh)Phenotype (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)1103 Clinical Sciences (for)1109 Neurosciences (for)Neurology & Neurosurgery (science-metrix)3209 Neurosciences (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/53z8m52bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt53z8m52b/qt53z8m52b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/s00401-016-1552-2articleActa Neuropathologica, vol 131, iss 6935 - 949oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3w0164w82026-06-14T11:58:44Zqt3w0164w8Search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions from pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAbeloos, BAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllen, BWAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CGonzalez, B AlvarezPiqueras, D ÁlvarezAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArmitage, LJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, M2016-03-01This Letter describes a model-agnostic search for pairs of jets (dijets) produced by resonant and non-resonant phenomena beyond the Standard Model in 3.6 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The distribution of the invariant mass of the two leading jets is examined for local excesses above a data-derived estimate of the smoothly falling prediction of the Standard Model. The data are also compared to a Monte Carlo simulation of Standard Model angular distributions derived from the rapidity of the two jets. No evidence of anomalous phenomena is observed in the data, which are used to exclude, at 95% CL, quantum black holes with threshold masses below 8.3 TeV, 8.1 TeV, or 5.1 TeV in three different benchmark scenarios; resonance masses below 5.2 TeV for excited quarks, 2.6 TeV in a W′ model, a range of masses starting from mZ′ =1.5 TeV and couplings from gq=0.2 in a Z′ model; and contact interactions with a compositeness scale below 12.0 TeV and 17.5 TeV respectively for destructive and constructive interference between the new interaction and QCD processes. These results significantly extend the ATLAS limits obtained from 8 TeV data. Gaussian-shaped contributions to the mass distribution are also excluded if the effective cross-section exceeds values ranging from approximately 50–300 fb for masses below 2 TeV to 2–20 fb for masses above 4 TeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w0164w8https://escholarship.org/content/qt3w0164w8/qt3w0164w8.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.01.032articlePhysics Letters B, vol 754302 - 322oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt68n4j65r2026-06-14T11:54:17Zqt68n4j65rCentrality dependence of inclusive J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeVThe ALICE collaborationAdam, JAdamová, DAggarwal, MMAglieri Rinella, GAgnello, MAgrawal, NAhammed, ZAhn, SUAimo, IAiola, SAjaz, MAkindinov, AAlam, SNAleksandrov, DAlessandro, BAlexandre, DAlfaro Molina, RAlici, AAlkin, AAlmaraz, JRMAlme, JAlt, TAltinpinar, SAltsybeev, IAlves Garcia Prado, CAndrei, CAndronic, AAnguelov, VAnielski, JAntičić, TAntinori, FAntonioli, PAphecetche, LAppelshäuser, HArcelli, SArmesto, NArnaldi, RArsene, ICArslandok, MAudurier, BAugustinus, AAverbeck, RAzmi, MDBach, MBadalà, ABaek, YWBagnasco, SBailhache, RBala, RBaldisseri, ABaltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, FBaral, RCBarbano, AMBarbera, RBarile, FBarnaföldi, GGBarnby, LSBarret, VBartalini, PBarth, KBartke, JBartsch, EBasile, MBastid, NBasu, SBathen, BBatigne, GBatista Camejo, ABatyunya, BBatzing, PCBearden, IGBeck, HBedda, CBehera, NKBelikov, IBellini, FBello Martinez, HBellwied, RBelmont, RBelmont-Moreno, EBelyaev, VBencedi, GBeole, SBerceanu, IBercuci, ABerdnikov, YBerenyi, DBertens, RABerzano, DBetev, LBhasin, ABhat, IRBhati, AKBhattacharjee, BBhom, JBianchi, LBianchi, NBianchin, CBielčík, J2015-11-01We present a measurement of inclusive J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02$$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ TeV as a function of the centrality of the collision, as estimated from the energy deposited in the Zero Degree Calorimeters. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector down to zero transverse momentum, pT, in the backward (−4.46 < ycms< −2.96) and forward (2.03 < ycms< 3.53) rapidity intervals in the dimuon decay channel and in the mid-rapidity region (−1.37 < ycms< 0.43) in the dielectron decay channel. The backward and forward rapidity intervals correspond to the Pb-going and p-going direction, respectively. The pT-differential J/ψ production cross section at backward and forward rapidity is measured for several centrality classes, together with the corresponding average pT and pT2 values. The nuclear modification factor is presented as a function of centrality for the three rapidity intervals, and as a function of pT for several centrality classes at backward and forward rapidity. At mid- and forward rapidity, the J/ψ yield is suppressed up to 40% compared to that in pp interactions scaled by the number of binary collisions. The degree of suppression increases towards central p-Pb collisions at forward rapidity, and with decreasing pT of the J/ψ. At backward rapidity, the nuclear modification factor is compatible with unity within the total uncertainties, with an increasing trend from peripheral to central p-Pb collisions.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Quark gluon plasmaQCDHeavy Ions0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/68n4j65rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt68n4j65r/qt68n4j65r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep11(2015)127articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 11127oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt46d2v4rb2026-06-14T11:43:27Zqt46d2v4rbAnalysis of events with b-jets and a pair of leptons of the same charge in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2015-10-01An analysis is presented of events containing jets including at least one b-tagged jet, sizeable missing transverse momentum, and at least two leptons including a pair of the same electric charge, with the scalar sum of the jet and lepton transverse momenta being large. A data sample with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used. Standard Model processes rarely produce these final states, but there are several models of physics beyond the Standard Model that predict an enhanced rate of production of such events; the ones considered here are production of vector-like quarks, enhanced four-top-quark production, pair production of chiral b′-quarks, and production of two positively charged top quarks. Eleven signal regions are defined; subsets of these regions are combined when searching for each class of models. In the three signal regions primarily sensitive to positively charged top quark pair production, the data yield is consistent with the background expectation. There are more data events than expected from background in the set of eight signal regions defined for searching for vector-like quarks and chiral b′-quarks, but the significance of the discrepancy is less than two standard deviations. The discrepancy reaches 2.5 standard deviations in the set of five signal regions defined for searching for four-top-quark production. The results are used to set 95% CL limits on various models.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ExoticsLepton productionHadron-Hadron ScatteringBeyond Standard Modelvector-like quarksfour-top-productionchiral b 'same charge top pairExoticsLepton productionHadron-Hadron ScatteringBeyond Standard Modelvector-like quarksfour-top-productionchiral b 'same charge top pairhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/46d2v4rbhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt46d2v4rb/qt46d2v4rb.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep10(2015)150articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 10150oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4zg4j8552026-06-14T11:42:51Zqt4zg4j855Summary of the ATLAS experiment’s sensitivity to supersymmetry after LHC Run 1 — interpreted in the phenomenological MSSMThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAgricola, JAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnold, HArratia, MArslan, OArtamonov, A2015-10-01A summary of the constraints from the ATLAS experiment on R-parity-conserving supersymmetry is presented. Results from 22 separate ATLAS searches are considered, each based on analysis of up to 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at centre-of-mass energies of s=7$$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ and 8 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are interpreted in the context of the 19-parameter phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model, in which the lightest supersymmetric particle is a neutralino, taking into account constraints from previous precision electroweak and flavour measurements as well as from dark matter related measurements. The results are presented in terms of constraints on supersymmetric particle masses and are compared to limits from simplified models. The impact of ATLAS searches on parameters such as the dark matter relic density, the couplings of the observed Higgs boson, and the degree of electroweak fine-tuning is also shown. Spectra for surviving supersymmetry model points with low fine-tunings are presented.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron Scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zg4j855https://escholarship.org/content/qt4zg4j855/qt4zg4j855.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep10(2015)134articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 10134oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3m98d1rz2026-06-14T11:34:10Zqt3m98d1rzEvidence for the Strangeness-Changing Weak Decay Ξb-→Λb0π-Aaij, RBeteta, C AbellánAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAkar, SAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GCartelle, P AlvarezAlves, AAAmato, SAmerio, SAmhis, YAn, LAnderlini, LAnderson, JAndreassi, GAndreotti, MAndrews, JEAppleby, RBGutierrez, O AquinesArchilli, Fd’Argent, PArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBaalouch, MBachmann, SBack, JJBadalov, ABaesso, CBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBatozskaya, VBattista, VBay, ABeaucourt, LBeddow, JBedeschi, FBediaga, IBel, LJBellee, VBelloli, NBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBertolin, ABettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBilloir, PBird, TBirnkraut, ABizzeti, ABlake, TBlanc, FBlouw, JBlusk, SBocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorisyak, MBorsato, MBowcock, TJVBowen, EBozzi, CBraun, SBritsch, MBritton, TBrodzicka, JBrook, NHBuchanan, EBurr, CBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCalabrese, RCalvi, MGomez, M CalvoCampana, PPerez, D CamporaCapriotti, LCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, R2015-12-11Using a pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb^{-1}, collected by the LHCb detector, we present the first search for the strangeness-changing weak decay Ξ_{b}^{-}→Λ_{b}^{0}π^{-}. No b hadron decay of this type has been seen before. A signal for this decay, corresponding to a significance of 3.2 standard deviations, is reported. The relative rate is measured to be f_{Ξ_{b}^{-}}/f_{Λ_{b}^{0}}B(Ξ_{b}^{-}→Λ_{b}^{0}π^{-})=(5.7±1.8_{-0.9}^{+0.8})×10^{-4},where f_{Ξ_{b}^{-}} and f_{Λ_{b}^{0}} are the b→Ξ_{b}^{-} and b→Λ_{b}^{0} fragmentation fractions, and B(Ξ_{b}^{-}→Λ_{b}^{0}π^{-}) is the branching fraction. Assuming f_{Ξ_{b}^{-}}/f_{Λ_{b}^{0}} is bounded between 0.1 and 0.3, the branching fraction B(Ξ_{b}^{-}→Λ_{b}^{0}π^{-}) would lie in the range from (0.57±0.21)% to (0.19±0.07)%.4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)LHCb Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m98d1rzinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.115.241801articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 115, iss 24241801oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9hx658bs2026-06-14T11:34:05Zqt9hx658bsModel-independent confirmation of the Z(4430)- stateAaij, RAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GCartelle, P AlvarezAlves, AAAmato, SAmerio, SAmhis, YAn, LAnderlini, LAnderson, JAndreassen, RAndreotti, MAndrews, JEAppleby, RBGutierrez, O AquinesArchilli, FArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBaalouch, MBachmann, SBack, JJBadalov, ABalagura, VBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBatozskaya, VBauer, ThBay, ABeaucourt, LBeddow, JBedeschi, FBediaga, IBelogurov, SBelous, KBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBird, TBizzeti, ABjørnstad, PMBlake, TBlanc, FBlouw, JBlusk, SBocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorgia, ABorsato, MBowcock, TJVBowen, EBozzi, CBrambach, Tvan den Brand, JBressieux, JBrett, DBritsch, MBritton, TBrodzicka, JBrook, NHBrown, HBursche, ABusetto, GBuytaert, JCadeddu, SCalabrese, RCalvi, MGomez, M CalvoCamboni, ACampana, PPerez, D CamporaCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, RCardini, ACarranza-Mejia, HCarson, L2015-12-01The decay B0→ψ(2S)K+π- is analyzed using 3 fb-1 of pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector. A model-independent description of the ψ(2S)π mass spectrum is obtained, using as input the Kπ mass spectrum and angular distribution derived directly from data, without requiring a theoretical description of resonance shapes or their interference. The hypothesis that the ψ(2S)π mass spectrum can be described in terms of Kπ reflections alone is rejected with more than 8σ significance. This provides confirmation, in a model-independent way, of the need for an additional resonant component in the mass region of the Z(4430)- exotic state.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-exapplication/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hx658bshttps://escholarship.org/content/qt9hx658bs/qt9hx658bs.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.92.112009articlePhysical Review D, vol 92, iss 11112009oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5h66m38b2026-06-14T11:34:00Zqt5h66m38bMeasurements of prompt charm production cross-sections in pp collisions at s=13 TeVThe LHCb collaborationAaij, RAbellán Beteta, CAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAkar, SAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GAlvarez Cartelle, PAlves, AAAmato, SAmerio, SAmhis, YAn, LAnderlini, LAnderson, JAndreassi, GAndreotti, MAndrews, JEAppleby, RBAquines Gutierrez, OArchilli, Fd’Argent, PArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBaalouch, MBachmann, SBack, JJBadalov, ABaesso, CBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBatozskaya, VBattista, VBay, ABeaucourt, LBeddow, JBedeschi, FBediaga, IBel, LJBellee, VBelloli, NBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBertolin, ABettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBilloir, PBird, TBirnkraut, ABizzeti, ABlake, TBlanc, FBlouw, JBlusk, SBocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorsato, MBowcock, TJVBowen, EBozzi, CBraun, SBritsch, MBritton, TBrodzicka, JBrook, NHBuchanan, EBurr, CBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCalabrese, RCalvi, MCalvo Gomez, MCampana, PCampora Perez, DCapriotti, LCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, R2016-03-01Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured with the first data from pp collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 ± 0.19 pb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of D0, D+, Ds+, and D*+ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson transverse momentum, pT, and rapidity, y, and cover the range 0 < pT < 15GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The inclusive cross-sections for the four mesons, including charge conjugation, within the range of 1 < pT < 8 GeV/c are found to be
σpp→D0X=2460±3±130μbσpp→D+X=1000±3±110μbσpp→Ds+X=460±13±100μbσpp→D∗+X=880±5±140μb$$ \begin{array}{l}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}^0X\right)=2460\pm 3\pm 130\;\upmu \mathrm{b}\hfill \\ {}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}^{+}X\right)=1000\pm 3\pm 110\;\upmu \mathrm{b}\hfill \\ {}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}_s^{+}X\right)=460\pm 13\pm 100\;\upmu \mathrm{b}\hfill \\ {}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}^{\ast +}X\right)=880\pm 5\pm 140\;\upmu \mathrm{b}\hfill \end{array} $$
where the uncertainties are due to statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Charm physicsForward physicsHadron-Hadron scatteringHeavy quark productionQCDhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5h66m38binfo:doi/10.1007/jhep03(2016)159articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2016, iss 3159oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt17r809tq2026-06-14T11:33:54Zqt17r809tqModel-independent measurement of mixing parameters in D0 → KS0π+π− decaysThe LHCb collaborationAaij, RAbellán Beteta, CAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAkar, SAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GAlvarez Cartelle, PAlves, AAAmato, SAmerio, SAmhis, YAn, LAnderlini, LAnderson, JAndreassi, GAndreotti, MAndrews, JEAppleby, RBAquines Gutierrez, OArchilli, Fd’Argent, PArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBaalouch, MBachmann, SBack, JJBadalov, ABaesso, CBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBatozskaya, VBattista, VBay, ABeaucourt, LBeddow, JBedeschi, FBediaga, IBel, LJBellee, VBelloli, NBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBertolin, ABettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBilloir, PBird, TBirnkraut, ABizzeti, ABlake, TBlanc, FBlouw, JBlusk, SBocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorsato, MBowcock, TJVBowen, EBozzi, CBraun, SBritsch, MBritton, TBrodzicka, JBrook, NHBuchanan, EBurr, CBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCalabrese, RCalvi, MCalvo Gomez, MCampana, PCampora Perez, DCapriotti, LCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, R2016-04-01The first model-independent measurement of the charm mixing parameters in the decay D0 → KS0π+π− is reported, using a sample of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measured values are
x=−0.86±0.53±0.17×10−2,y=+0.03±0.46±0.13×10−2,$$ \begin{array}{l}x=\left(-0.86\pm 0.53\pm 0.17\right)\times {10}^{-2},\hfill \\ {}y=\left(+0.03\pm 0.46\pm 0.13\right)\times {10}^{-2},\hfill \end{array} $$
where the first uncertainties are statistical and include small contributions due to the external input for the strong phase measured by the CLEO collaboration, and the second uncertainties are systematic.4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Charm physicsOscillationFlavor physicsHadron-Hadron scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/17r809tqinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep04(2016)033articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2016, iss 433oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt62b8w6vc2026-06-14T11:32:56Zqt62b8w6vcEvaluating the impact of Mexico’s drug policy reforms on people who inject drugs in Tijuana, B.C., Mexico, and San Diego, CA, United States: a binational mixed methods research agendaRobertson, Angela MGarfein, Richard SWagner, Karla DMehta, Sanjay RMagis-Rodriguez, CarlosCuevas-Mota, JazmineMoreno-Zuniga, Patricia GonzalezStrathdee, Steffanie AProyecto El Cuete IV and STAHR II2014-12-01BackgroundPolicymakers and researchers seek answers to how liberalized drug policies affect people who inject drugs (PWID). In response to concerns about the failing “war on drugs,” Mexico recently implemented drug policy reforms that partially decriminalized possession of small amounts of drugs for personal use while promoting drug treatment. Recognizing important epidemiologic, policy, and socioeconomic differences between the United States—where possession of any psychoactive drugs without a prescription remains illegal—and Mexico—where possession of small quantities for personal use was partially decriminalized, we sought to assess changes over time in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and infectious disease profiles among PWID in the adjacent border cities of San Diego, CA, USA, and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.MethodsBased on extensive binational experience and collaboration, from 2012–2014 we initiated two parallel, prospective, mixed methods studies: Proyecto El Cuete IV in Tijuana (n = 785) and the STAHR II Study in San Diego (n = 575). Methods for sampling, recruitment, and data collection were designed to be compatible in both studies. All participants completed quantitative behavioral and geographic assessments and serological testing (HIV in both studies; hepatitis C virus and tuberculosis in STAHR II) at baseline and four semi-annual follow-up visits. Between follow-up assessment visits, subsets of participants completed qualitative interviews to explore contextual factors relating to study aims and other emergent phenomena. Planned analyses include descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative data, content analysis and other mixed-methods approaches for qualitative data, and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-positive samples to understand cross-border transmission dynamics.ResultsInvestigators and research staff shared preliminary findings across studies to provide feedback on instruments and insights regarding local phenomena. As a result, recruitment and data collection procedures have been implemented successfully, demonstrating the importance of binational collaboration in evaluating the impact of structural-level drug policy reforms on the behaviors, health, and wellbeing of PWID across an international border.ConclusionsOur prospective, mixed methods approach allows each study to be responsive to emerging phenomena within local contexts while regular collaboration promotes sharing insights across studies. The strengths and limitations of this approach may serve as a guide for other evaluations of harm reduction policies internationally.4203 Health Services and Systems (for-2020)4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Hepatitis (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Social Determinants of Health (rcdc)Liver Disease (rcdc)Substance Misuse (rcdc)Drug Abuse (NIDA only) (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Digestive Diseases (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Prevention (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)California (mesh)Counseling (mesh)Crime (mesh)Emigration and Immigration (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Health Care Reform (mesh)Health Education (mesh)Health KnowledgeAttitudesPractice (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)Hepatitis CChronic (mesh)Humans (mesh)LegislationDrug (mesh)Male (mesh)Mexico (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Needle Sharing (mesh)Needle-Exchange Programs (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Risk-Taking (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)Tuberculosis (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Injection drug useHIVHepatitis C virusM. tuberculosisDrug policy reformStructural interventionsDecriminalizationMixed methodsInternational collaborationMexicoProyecto El Cuete IV and STAHR IIHumans (mesh)Tuberculosis (mesh)Hepatitis CChronic (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Health KnowledgeAttitudesPractice (mesh)Risk-Taking (mesh)Counseling (mesh)Emigration and Immigration (mesh)Health Education (mesh)Crime (mesh)LegislationDrug (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)Health Care Reform (mesh)Needle Sharing (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Needle-Exchange Programs (mesh)Mexico (mesh)California (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)California (mesh)Counseling (mesh)Crime (mesh)Emigration and Immigration (mesh)Female (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Health Care Reform (mesh)Health Education (mesh)Health KnowledgeAttitudesPractice (mesh)Health Policy (mesh)Hepatitis CChronic (mesh)Humans (mesh)LegislationDrug (mesh)Male (mesh)Mexico (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Needle Sharing (mesh)Needle-Exchange Programs (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Prospective Studies (mesh)Risk-Taking (mesh)Substance AbuseIntravenous (mesh)Tuberculosis (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)Substance Abuse (science-metrix)4203 Health services and systems (for-2020)4206 Public health (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/62b8w6vchttps://escholarship.org/content/qt62b8w6vc/qt62b8w6vc.pdfinfo:doi/10.1186/1477-7517-11-4articleHarm Reduction Journal, vol 11, iss 14oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3cq9x7422026-06-14T11:29:52Zqt3cq9x742Search for heavy lepton resonances decaying to a Z boson and a lepton in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdinov, OAben, RAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAffolder, AAAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAlkire, SPAllbrooke, BMMAllport, PPAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BÁlvarez Piqueras, DAlviggi, MGAmadio, BTAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnders, JKAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LArabidze, GArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArduh, FAArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArnold, HArratia, MArslan, O2015-09-01A search for heavy leptons decaying to a Z boson and an electron or a muon is presented. The search is based on pp collision data taken at s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Three high-transverse-momentum electrons or muons are selected, with two of them required to be consistent with originating from a Z boson decay. No significant excess above Standard Model background predictions is observed, and 95% confidence level limits on the production cross section of high-mass trilepton resonances are derived. The results are interpreted in the context of vector-like lepton and type-III seesaw models. For the vector-like lepton model, most heavy lepton mass values in the range 114–176 GeV are excluded. For the type-III seesaw model, most mass values in the range 100–468 GeV are excluded.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron Scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cq9x742https://escholarship.org/content/qt3cq9x742/qt3cq9x742.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep09(2015)108articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 9108oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4qt181c62026-06-14T11:28:03Zqt4qt181c6Areas for Growth in an Emergency Medicine Procedural Simulation Curriculum: A Needs AssessmentBasse, JackVuong, Ashley2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qt181c6https://escholarship.org/content/qt4qt181c6/qt4qt181c6.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66252articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt81h694b72026-06-14T11:25:28Zqt81h694b7HIV-Infected Individuals with Co-occurring Bipolar Disorder Evidence Poor Antiretroviral and Psychiatric Medication AdherenceMoore, David JPosada, CarolinaParikh, MiliArce, MiguelVaida, FlorinRiggs, Patricia KGouaux, BenEllis, Ronald JLetendre, Scott LGrant, IgorAtkinson, J HamptonThe HIV Neurobahavioral Research Program (HNRP)2012-11-01The contribution of bipolar disorder (BD), a prevalent serious mental illness characterized by impulsivity and mood instability, to antiretroviral (ART) and psychiatric medication adherence among HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals is unknown. We examined medication adherence among 44 HIV+/BD+ persons as compared to 33 demographically- and medically-comparable HIV+/BD− persons. Classification of adherent (≥90%) or non-adherent (<90%) based on proportion of correctly taken doses over 30 days was determined using electronic medication monitoring devices. HIV+/BD+ persons were significantly less likely to be ART adherent (47.7%) as compared to HIV+/BD− (90.9%) persons. Within the HIV+/BD+ group, mean psychiatric medication adherence was significantly worse than ART medication adherence, although there was a significant correlation between ART and psychiatric adherence levels. Importantly, 30-day ART adherence was associated with plasma virologic response among HIV+/BD+ individuals. Given the high overlap of HIV and BD, and the observed medication adherence difficulties for these persons, specialized adherence improvement interventions are needed.4206 Public Health (for-2020)42 Health Sciences (for-2020)Patient Safety (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)Infectious Diseases (rcdc)Serious Mental Illness (rcdc)Bipolar Disorder (rcdc)Mental Illness (rcdc)Pediatric Research Initiative (rcdc)HIV/AIDS (rcdc)Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc)Pediatric AIDS (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)7.1 Individual care needs (hrcs-rac)Mental health (hrcs-hc)3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Anti-Retroviral Agents (mesh)Antipsychotic Agents (mesh)Bipolar Disorder (mesh)California (mesh)Comorbidity (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)InterviewPsychological (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)RNAViral (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Drug Monitoring (mesh)Medication adherenceHIV/AIDSBipolar disorderHIV Neurobahavioral Research Program (HNRP)Humans (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)RNAViral (mesh)Antipsychotic Agents (mesh)Anti-Retroviral Agents (mesh)Drug Monitoring (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Bipolar Disorder (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)InterviewPsychological (mesh)Comorbidity (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)California (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Anti-Retroviral Agents (mesh)Antipsychotic Agents (mesh)Bipolar Disorder (mesh)California (mesh)Comorbidity (mesh)HIV Infections (mesh)Humans (mesh)InterviewPsychological (mesh)Male (mesh)Medication Adherence (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Prevalence (mesh)Psychiatric Status Rating Scales (mesh)RNAViral (mesh)Socioeconomic Factors (mesh)Viral Load (mesh)Drug Monitoring (mesh)1117 Public Health and Health Services (for)1607 Social Work (for)Public Health (science-metrix)4206 Public health (for-2020)publiceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/81h694b7info:doi/10.1007/s10461-011-0072-2articleAIDS and Behavior, vol 16, iss 82257 - 2266oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5td4b3qh2026-06-14T11:21:46Zqt5td4b3qhFirst measurement of the differential branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the B± → π±μ+μ− decayThe LHCb collaborationAaij, RAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAkar, SAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GAlvarez Cartelle, PAlves, AAAmato, SAmerio, SAmhis, YAn, LAnderlini, LAnderson, JAndreassi, GAndreotti, MAndrews, JEAppleby, RBAquines Gutierrez, OArchilli, Fd’Argent, PArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBaalouch, MBachmann, SBack, JJBadalov, ABaesso, CBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBatozskaya, VBattista, VBay, ABeaucourt, LBeddow, JBedeschi, FBediaga, IBel, LJBellee, VBelloli, NBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBertolin, ABettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBilloir, PBird, TBirnkraut, ABizzeti, ABlake, TBlanc, FBlouw, JBlusk, SBocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorsato, MBowcock, TJVBowen, EBozzi, CBraun, SBritsch, MBritton, TBrodzicka, JBrook, NHBuchanan, EBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCalabrese, RCalvi, MCalvo Gomez, MCampana, PCampora Perez, DCapriotti, LCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, RCardini, ACarniti, P2015-10-01The differential branching fraction with respect to the dimuon invariant mass squared, and the CP asymmetry of the B± → π±μ+μ− decay are measured for the first time. The CKM matrix elements |Vtd| and |Vts|, and the ratio |Vtd/Vts| are determined. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The total branching fraction and CP asymmetry of B± → π±μ+μ− decays are measured to be
ℬB±→π±μ+μ−=1.83±0.24±0.05×10−8andACPB±→π±μ+μ−=−0.11±0.12±0.01,$$ \begin{array}{l}\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({B}^{\pm}\to {\pi}^{\pm }{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=\left(1.83\pm 0.24\pm 0.05\right)\times {10^{-}}^8\;\mathrm{and}\hfill \\ {}{\mathcal{A}}_{CP}\left({B}^{\pm}\to {\pi}^{\pm }{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=-0.11\pm 0.12\pm 0.01,\hfill \end{array} $$
where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These are the most precise measurements of these observables to date, and they are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Rare decayCP violationHadron-Hadron ScatteringBranching fractionB physicshep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5td4b3qhhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5td4b3qh/qt5td4b3qh.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep10(2015)034articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2015, iss 1034oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2n37d0bv2026-06-14T11:04:39Zqt2n37d0bvMeasurement of differential production cross-sections for a Z boson in association with b-jets in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmidei, DAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-10-01Measurements of differential production cross-sections of a Z boson in association with b-jets in pp collisions at s=7$$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV are reported. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1 recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Particle-level cross-sections are determined for events with a Z boson decaying into an electron or muon pair, and containing b-jets. For events with at least one b-jet, the cross-section is presented as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum and rapidity, together with the inclusive b-jet cross-section as a function of b-jet transverse momentum, rapidity and angular separations between the b-jet and the Z boson. For events with at least two b-jets, the cross-section is determined as a function of the invariant mass and angular separation of the two highest transverse momentum b-jets, and as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum and rapidity. Results are compared to leading-order and next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Electroweak interactionHadron-Hadron ScatteringQCDHeavy quark productionhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2n37d0bvhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt2n37d0bv/qt2n37d0bv.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep10(2014)141articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2014, iss 10141oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2gb372tb2026-06-14T11:04:13Zqt2gb372tbStudy of B-→DK-π+π- and B-→Dπ-π+π- decays and determination of the CKM angle γAaij, RAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAkar, SAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GCartelle, P AlvarezAlves, AAAmato, SAmerio, SAmhis, YAn, LAnderlini, LAnderson, JAndreotti, MAndrews, JEAppleby, RBGutierrez, O AquinesArchilli, Fd’Argent, PArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBaalouch, MBachmann, SBack, JJBadalov, ABaesso, CBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBatozskaya, VBattista, VBay, ABeaucourt, LBeddow, JBedeschi, FBediaga, IBel, LJBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBertolin, ABettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBird, TBirnkraut, ABizzeti, ABlake, TBlanc, FBlouw, JBlusk, SBocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorsato, MBowcock, TJVBowen, EBozzi, CBraun, SBrett, DBritsch, MBritton, TBrodzicka, JBrook, NHBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCalabrese, RCalvi, MGomez, M CalvoCampana, PPerez, D CamporaCapriotti, LCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, RCardini, ACarniti, PCarson, LAkiba, K CarvalhoMohr, R CasanovaCasse, GCassina, L2015-12-01We report a study of the suppressed B-→DK-π+π- and favored B-→Dπ-π+π- decays, where the neutral D meson is detected through its decays to the K∓π± and CP -even K+K- and π+π- final states. The measurement is carried out using a proton-proton collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb-1. We observe the first significant signals in the CP -even final states of the D meson for both the suppressed B-→DK-π+π- and favored B-→Dπ-π+π- modes, as well as in the doubly Cabibbo suppressed D→K+π- final state of the B-→Dπ-π+π- decay. Evidence for the suppressed decay B-→DK-π+π-, with D→K+π-, is also presented. From the observed yields in the B-→DK-π+π-, B-→Dπ-π+π- and their charge conjugate decay modes, the most probable value of the weak phase γ corresponds to γ=(74-19+20)°. This is one of the most precise single-measurement determinations of γ to date.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)4902 Mathematical Physics (for-2020)49 Mathematical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-expubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gb372tbinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevd.92.112005articlePhysical Review D, vol 92, iss 11112005oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8d55q66g2026-06-14T11:03:37Zqt8d55q66gTraining Ultrasound Image Acquisition: Traditional Didactic Methods vs Butterfly’s Scanlab ApplicationHsu, EdmundNashu, MadisonHsueh, AndyHaghkhah, OmidTruong, AnGoubert, RonaldAlmog, RoyGuy, MeganSaadat, SoheilFox, John2026-06-14application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d55q66ghttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8d55q66g/qt8d55q66g.pdfinfo:doi/10.5811/westjem.66240articleWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 27, iss 3.1oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5cp2c1bd2026-06-14T10:56:11Zqt5cp2c1bdCommon genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structuresHibar, Derrek PStein, Jason LRenteria, Miguel EArias-Vasquez, AlejandroDesrivières, SylvaneJahanshad, NedaToro, RobertoWittfeld, KatharinaAbramovic, LucijaAndersson, MicaelAribisala, Benjamin SArmstrong, Nicola JBernard, ManonBohlken, Marc MBoks, Marco PBralten, JanitaBrown, Andrew AMallar Chakravarty, MChen, QiangChing, Christopher RKCuellar-Partida, Gabrielden Braber, AnoukGiddaluru, SudheerGoldman, Aaron LGrimm, OliverGuadalupe, TulioHass, JohannaWoldehawariat, GirmaHolmes, Avram JHoogman, MartineJanowitz, DeborahJia, TianyeKim, SungeunKlein, MariekeKraemer, BerndLee, Phil HOlde Loohuis, Loes MLuciano, MichelleMacare, ChristineMather, Karen AMattheisen, ManuelMilaneschi, YuriNho, KwangsikPapmeyer, MartinaRamasamy, AdaikalavanRisacher, Shannon LRoiz-Santiañez, RobertoRose, Emma JSalami, AlirezaSämann, Philipp GSchmaal, LianneSchork, Andrew JShin, JeanStrike, Lachlan TTeumer, Alexandervan Donkelaar, Marjolein MJvan Eijk, Kristel RWalters, Raymond KWestlye, Lars TWhelan, Christopher DWinkler, Anderson MZwiers, Marcel PAlhusaini, SaudAthanasiu, LaviniaEhrlich, StefanHakobjan, Marina MHHartberg, Cecilie BHaukvik, Unn KHeister, Angelien JGAMHoehn, DavidKasperaviciute, DaliaLiewald, David CMLopez, Lorna MMakkinje, Remco RRMatarin, MarNaber, Marlies AMReese McKay, DNeedham, MargaretNugent, Allison CPütz, BennoRoyle, Natalie AShen, LiSprooten, EmmaTrabzuni, Daniahvan der Marel, Saskia SLvan Hulzen, Kimm JEWalton, EstherWolf, ChristianeAlmasy, LauraAmes, DavidArepalli, SampathAssareh, Amelia ABastin, Mark EBrodaty, HenryBulayeva, Kazima BCarless, Melanie ACichon, SvenCorvin, AidenCurran, Joanne ECzisch, Michael2015-04-01Genome-wide association studies are used to identify common genetic variants that affect the structure of selected subcortical regions of the human brain; their identification provides insight into the causes of variability in brain development and may help to determine mechanisms of neuropsychiatric dysfunction.5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020)31 Biological Sciences (for-2020)3105 Genetics (for-2020)52 Psychology (for-2020)Human Genome (rcdc)Neurosciences (rcdc)Genetics (rcdc)Mental Health (rcdc)Clinical Research (rcdc)Brain Disorders (rcdc)2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac)1.1 Normal biological development and functioning (hrcs-rac)Neurological (hrcs-hc)Mental health (hrcs-hc)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Aging (mesh)Apoptosis (mesh)Brain (mesh)Caudate Nucleus (mesh)Child (mesh)Female (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)Genetic Loci (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Hippocampus (mesh)Humans (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Male (mesh)Membrane Proteins (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Organ Size (mesh)Putamen (mesh)Sex Characteristics (mesh)Skull (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeCHARGE ConsortiumEPIGENIMAGENSYSSkull (mesh)Brain (mesh)Hippocampus (mesh)Caudate Nucleus (mesh)Putamen (mesh)Humans (mesh)Membrane Proteins (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Organ Size (mesh)Apoptosis (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)Aging (mesh)Sex Characteristics (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Child (mesh)Female (mesh)Male (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)Genetic Loci (mesh)Adolescent (mesh)Adult (mesh)Aged (mesh)Aged80 and over (mesh)Aging (mesh)Apoptosis (mesh)Brain (mesh)Caudate Nucleus (mesh)Child (mesh)Female (mesh)Gene Expression RegulationDevelopmental (mesh)Genetic Loci (mesh)Genetic Variation (mesh)Genome-Wide Association Study (mesh)Hippocampus (mesh)Humans (mesh)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh)Male (mesh)Membrane Proteins (mesh)Middle Aged (mesh)Organ Size (mesh)Putamen (mesh)Sex Characteristics (mesh)Skull (mesh)Young Adult (mesh)General Science & Technology (science-metrix)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cp2c1bdhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt5cp2c1bd/qt5cp2c1bd.pdfinfo:doi/10.1038/nature14101articleNature, vol 520, iss 7546224 - 229oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4bp1c9d62026-06-14T10:55:38Zqt4bp1c9d6Measurement of prompt hadron production ratios in pp collisions atThe LHCb CollaborationAaij, RAbellan Beteta, CAdametz, AAdeva, BAdinolfi, MAdrover, CAffolder, AAjaltouni, ZAlbrecht, JAlessio, FAlexander, MAli, SAlkhazov, GAlvarez Cartelle, PAlves, AAAmato, SAmhis, YAnderson, JAppleby, RBAquines Gutierrez, OArchilli, FArtamonov, AArtuso, MAslanides, EAuriemma, GBachmann, SBack, JJBalagura, VBaldini, WBarlow, RJBarschel, CBarsuk, SBarter, WBates, ABauer, CBauer, ThBay, ABeddow, JBediaga, IBelogurov, SBelous, KBelyaev, IBen-Haim, EBenayoun, MBencivenni, GBenson, SBenton, JBerezhnoy, ABernet, RBettler, M-Ovan Beuzekom, MBien, ABifani, SBird, TBizzeti, ABjørnstad, PMBlake, TBlanc, FBlanks, CBlouw, JBlusk, SBobrov, ABocci, VBondar, ABondar, NBonivento, WBorghi, SBorgia, ABowcock, TJVBozzi, CBrambach, Tvan den Brand, JBressieux, JBrett, DBritsch, MBritton, TBrook, NHBrown, HBüchler-Germann, ABurducea, IBursche, ABuytaert, JCadeddu, SCallot, OCalvi, MCalvo Gomez, MCamboni, ACampana, PCarbone, ACarboni, GCardinale, RCardini, ACarson, LCarvalho Akiba, KCasse, GCattaneo, MCauet, ChCharles, MCharpentier, Ph2012-10-01The charged-particle production ratios $$\bar{p}/p$$, K−/K+, π−/π+, $$(p + \bar{p})/(\pi^{+} + \pi^{-})$$, (K++K−)/(π++π−) and $$(p + \bar{p})/(K^{+} + K^{-})$$ are measured with the LHCb detector using 0.3 nb−1 of pp collisions delivered by the LHC at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9~\mathrm{TeV}$$ and 1.8 nb−1 at $$\sqrt{s} = 7~\mathrm{TeV}$$. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum pT and pseudorapidity η. The production ratios are compared to the predictions of several Monte Carlo generator settings, none of which are able to describe adequately all observables. The ratio $$\bar{p}/p$$ is also considered as a function of rapidity loss, Δy≡ybeam−y, and is used to constrain models of baryon transport.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5102 Atomicmolecular and optical physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfpubliceScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bp1c9d6https://escholarship.org/content/qt4bp1c9d6/qt4bp1c9d6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-2168-xarticleEuropean Physical Journal C, vol 72, iss 102168oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0zz0n4m62026-06-14T10:55:31Zqt0zz0n4m6Measurement of the differential cross-section of B+ meson production in pp collisions at TeV at ATLASThe Atlas collaborartionAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JAbdel Khalek, SAbdelalim, AAAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAddy, TNAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAefsky, SAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhles, FAhmad, AAhsan, MAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlam, MAAlbert, JAlbrand, SAlconada Verzini, MJAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlessandria, FAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAliev, MAlimonti, GAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAltheimer, AAlvarez Gonzalez, BAlviggi, MGAmako, KAmaral Coutinho, YAmelung, CAmmosov, VVAmor Dos Santos, SPAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MAperio Bella, LApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArfaoui, SArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, S2013-10-01The production cross-section of B+ mesons is measured as a function of transverse momentum pT and rapidity y in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energy √s = 7 TeV, using 2.4 fb-1 of data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The differential production cross-sections, determined in the range 9 GeV < pT < 120 GeV and |y| < 2:25, are compared to next-to-leading-order theoretical predictions. Copyright CERN.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron Scatteringhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zz0n4m6https://escholarship.org/content/qt0zz0n4m6/qt0zz0n4m6.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep10(2013)042articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2013, iss 1042oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0j94t28x2026-06-14T10:55:20Zqt0j94t28xEvidence for Electroweak Production of W±W±jj in pp Collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS DetectorAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, V2014-10-03This Letter presents the first study of W(±)W(±)jj, same-electric-charge diboson production in association with two jets, using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two reconstructed same-charge leptons (e(±)e(±), e(±)μ(±), and μ(±)μ(±)) and two or more jets are analyzed. Production cross sections are measured in two fiducial regions, with different sensitivities to the electroweak and strong production mechanisms. First evidence for W(±)W(±)jj production and electroweak-only W(±)W(±)jj production is observed with a significance of 4.5 and 3.6 standard deviations, respectively. The measured production cross sections are in agreement with standard model predictions. Limits at 95% confidence level are set on anomalous quartic gauge couplings.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)ATLAS CollaborationATLAS Collaborationhep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/0j94t28xhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt0j94t28x/qt0j94t28x.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.113.141803articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 113, iss 14141803oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9s47v6d32026-06-14T10:55:07Zqt9s47v6d3ATLAS CollaborationAad, GAbajyan, TAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAllwood-Spiers, SEAlmond, JAloisio, AAlon, RAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CDos Santos, SP AmorAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAnger, PAngerami, AAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, VArslan, OArtamonov, AArtoni, GAsai, SAsbah, NAshkenazi, AÅsman, B2014-12-015106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)5101 Astronomical Sciences (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)5101 Astronomical sciences (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s47v6d3https://escholarship.org/content/qt9s47v6d3/qt9s47v6d3.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/s0375-9474(14)00601-0articleNuclear Physics A, vol 932572 - 594oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4jn4q0192026-06-14T10:54:36Zqt4jn4q019Search for new particles in events with one lepton and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DSantos, SP Amor DosAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-09-01This paper presents a search for new particles in events with one lepton (electron or muon) and missing transverse momentum using 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s$$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess beyond Standard Model expectations is observed. A W ′ with Sequential Standard Model couplings is excluded at the 95% confidence level for masses up to 3.24 TeV. Excited chiral bosons (W*) with equivalent coupling strengths are excluded for masses up to 3.21 TeV. In the framework of an effective field theory limits are also set on the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section as well as the mass scale M* of the unknown mediating interaction for dark matter pair production in association with a leptonically decaying W.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)Hadron-Hadron ScatteringBeyond Standard Modelhep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)0206 Quantum Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)4902 Mathematical physics (for-2020)5106 Nuclear and plasma physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and high energy physics (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jn4q019https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jn4q019/qt4jn4q019.pdfinfo:doi/10.1007/jhep09(2014)037articleJournal of High Energy Physics, vol 2014, iss 937oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6z60f62r2026-06-14T10:51:16Zqt6z60f62rSearch for new resonances in Wγ and Zγ final states in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorCollaboration, ATLASAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, O2014-11-01This Letter presents a search for new resonances decaying to final states with a vector boson produced in association with a high transverse momentum photon, Vγ, with V=W(→ℓν) or Z(→ℓ+ℓ−), where ℓ=e or μ. The measurements use 20.3 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. No deviations from the Standard Model expectations are found, and production cross section limits are set at 95% confidence level. Masses of the hypothetical aT and ωT states of a benchmark Low Scale Technicolor model are excluded in the ranges [275,960] GeV and [200,700]∪[750,890] GeV, respectively. Limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a singlet scalar resonance decaying to Zγ final states have also been obtained for masses below 1180 GeV.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)hep-exhep-ex0105 Mathematical Physics (for)0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences (for)0202 AtomicMolecularNuclearParticle and Plasma Physics (for)Nuclear & Particles Physics (science-metrix)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z60f62rhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt6z60f62r/qt6z60f62r.pdfinfo:doi/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.10.002articlePhysics Letters B, vol 738428 - 447oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8d80x88b2026-06-14T10:50:47Zqt8d80x88bSearch for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65–600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in pp Collision Data at s=8 TeVAad, GAbbott, BAbdallah, JKhalek, S AbdelAbdinov, OAben, RAbi, BAbolins, MAbouZeid, OSAbramowicz, HAbreu, HAbreu, RAbulaiti, YAcharya, BSAdamczyk, LAdams, DLAdelman, JAdomeit, SAdye, TAgatonovic-Jovin, TAguilar-Saavedra, JAAgustoni, MAhlen, SPAhmadov, FAielli, GAkerstedt, HÅkesson, TPAAkimoto, GAkimov, AVAlberghi, GLAlbert, JAlbrand, SVerzini, MJ AlconadaAleksa, MAleksandrov, INAlexa, CAlexander, GAlexandre, GAlexopoulos, TAlhroob, MAlimonti, GAlio, LAlison, JAllbrooke, BMMAllison, LJAllport, PPAlmond, JAloisio, AAlonso, AAlonso, FAlpigiani, CAltheimer, AGonzalez, B AlvarezAlviggi, MGAmako, KCoutinho, Y AmaralAmelung, CAmidei, DDos Santos, SP AmorAmorim, AAmoroso, SAmram, NAmundsen, GAnastopoulos, CAncu, LSAndari, NAndeen, TAnders, CFAnders, GAnderson, KJAndreazza, AAndrei, VAnduaga, XSAngelidakis, SAngelozzi, IAnger, PAngerami, AAnghinolfi, FAnisenkov, AVAnjos, NAnnovi, AAntonaki, AAntonelli, MAntonov, AAntos, JAnulli, FAoki, MBella, L AperioApolle, RArabidze, GAracena, IArai, YAraque, JPArce, ATHArguin, J-FArgyropoulos, SArik, MArmbruster, AJArnaez, OArnal, V2014-10-24A search for scalar particles decaying via narrow resonances into two photons in the mass range 65-600 GeV is performed using 20.3 fb(-1) of √s 8 TeV pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The recently discovered Higgs boson is treated as a background. No significant evidence for an additional signal is observed. The results are presented as limits at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a scalar boson times branching ratio into two photons, in a fiducial volume where the reconstruction efficiency is approximately independent of the event topology. The upper limits set extend over a considerably wider mass range than previous searches.5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics (for-2020)5107 Particle and High Energy Physics (for-2020)51 Physical Sciences (for-2020)(ATLAS Collaboration)(ATLAS Collaboration)hep-exhep-ex01 Mathematical Sciences (for)02 Physical Sciences (for)09 Engineering (for)General Physics (science-metrix)40 Engineering (for-2020)49 Mathematical sciences (for-2020)51 Physical sciences (for-2020)application/pdfCC-BYeScholarship, University of Californiahttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d80x88bhttps://escholarship.org/content/qt8d80x88b/qt8d80x88b.pdfinfo:doi/10.1103/physrevlett.113.171801articlePhysical Review Letters, vol 113, iss 17171801oai_dc::500:555828:eyJmaXJzdCI6NTAwLCJiZWZvcmUiOiIyMDI2LTA2LTE2VDE1OjQzOjEzKzAwOjAwIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIyMDExLTAzLTE4VDE0OjMyOjQyKzAwOjAwIiwiaW5jbHVkZSI6WyJQVUJMSVNIRUQiLCJFTUJBUkdPRUQiXSwib3JkZXIiOiJVUERBVEVEX0RFU0MiLCJsYXN0SUQiOiJxdDhkODB4ODhiIiwibGFzdERhdGUiOiIyMDI2LTA2LTE0VDEwOjUwOjQ3KzAwOjAwIn0