http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/cshe_rw/rss Recent eScholarship items from Research and Occasional Papers Series Thu, 25 Jun 2026 11:46:24 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sf3515b Land-Grant Universities—The View From Maine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sf3515b Tue, 2 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Banerjee, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7f50h02w Dimensions of Variance in the Proposed Typology of American Public Higher Education Systems https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7f50h02w Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Khan, Maria Johnsen, James https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kf0842w Broadening Our Perspective Concerning America's Education Attainment: Growth, Progress, and Data Gaps https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kf0842w Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kirst, Michael Chan, Victor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/385370m4 Divergent Business models in international higher education: A transatlantic comparison https://escholarship.org/uc/item/385370m4 Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Audretsch, David Civera, Alice Meoli, Michele Paleari, Stefano https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xr218pj Why the SAT is a Poor Fit for America's Public Universities&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xr218pj Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Geiser, Saul https://escholarship.org/uc/item/220157sj Crisis by Design: Student Housing and the Hidden Cost of Higher Education by Shanshan Jiang-Brittan, CSHE 1.25 (July 2025) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/220157sj Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jiang-Brittan, Shanshan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gz272d1 The Rise of the Publics: American Democracy, the Public University Ideal, and the University of California&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gz272d1 Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John Aubrey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6411j8c1 South Korea's Higher Education System Through California Eyes&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6411j8c1 Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John Aubrey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55x389kg Exploring Funding Options for the University of California&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55x389kg Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John Aubrey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bn8p26n California's Affirmative Action Fight: Power Politics and the University of California&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bn8p26n Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John Aubrey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12q1d0tc The University of California Versus The SAT: A Brief History and Contemporary Critique&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12q1d0tc Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John Aubrey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5909q373 MAPPING ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND COLLECTIVE ACTION: Towards a Model for Advancing Racial Equity in Community College https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5909q373 Mon, 10 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Felix, Eric R González, Ángel de Jesus Felix, Elijah J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vb7h8xc REFORM AND REACTION: The Politics of Modern Higher Education Policy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vb7h8xc Fri, 7 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 O'Brien, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cq8f8vc MOVING BEYOND #GOVERNANCESOWHITE: (Re)Imagining a Demographic Shift in the Future of Boards of Higher Education https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cq8f8vc Fri, 7 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Dominguez, Valeria Galan, Carlos Rall, Raquel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8682z75j WORKING TOWARDS AN EQUITABLE FUTURE IN CALIFORNIA DUAL ENROLLMENT PROGRAMS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8682z75j Fri, 7 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Salazar, Rogelio https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xp747jb Device Ownership, Digital Equity, and Postsecondary Student Success&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xp747jb Fri, 7 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Berkley, Kate Castro, Joseph Uddin, Shadman https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63s084nf Parenting in a Pandemic: Understanding the Challenges Faced by California Community College Students and Actionable Recommendations for Policy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63s084nf Fri, 7 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Delgadillo, Dulcemonica Hernandez, Norma Jimenez-Silva, Margarita Luevanos, Ruth https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hh3904k TALENT PIPELINES FOR THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: How California PaCE Units Can Bridge Critical KSA Gaps https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hh3904k Fri, 7 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Reeb, Tyler Swarat, Chris Taylor, Barbara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jr9j701 Multi-campus public higher education governance systems exist in 44 of the 50 U.S. states. They include all the largest and most influential public colleges and universities in the United States, educating fully 75 percent of the nation’s public sector students. Their impact is enormous. And yet, they are largely neglected and as a tool for improvement are underutilized. Meanwhile, many states continue to struggle achieving their goals for higher education attainment, social and economic mobility, workforce development, equitable access and affordability, technological innovation, and human and environmental health. The dearth of scholarly research on these systems and their more effective use is explored in a forthcoming volume edited by the author. This paper extracts from that volume a set of specific ways in which systems can leverage their unique ability to use scale in servie to their mission. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jr9j701 Fri, 16 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Johnsen, James https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pf717bh Average-wage-by-major statistics have become widely available to students interested in the economic ramifications of their college major choice. However, earning a major with higher average wages does not necessarily lead individual students to higher-paying careers. This essay combines literature review with novel analysis of longitudinal student outcomes to discuss how students use average-wage-by-major statistics and document seven reasons that they may differ, sharply in some cases, from the causal wage effects of major choice. I focus on the ramifications of two-sided non-random selection into college majors, mismeasurement of longitudinal student outcomes, and failures of extrapolation between available statistics and student interests. While large differences in average wages by major are likely to indicate causal ordinal differences between fields, small differences are probably best ignored even by students with strong interest in the economic consequences of their major... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pf717bh Tue, 23 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Bleemer, Zachary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c68z7sw The Future of Democracy and Academic Freedom in Central Europe: A Neo-Nationalism and University Brief&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c68z7sw Thu, 9 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Krull, Wilhelm Brunotte, Thomas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8158m811 The Weaponization of Russian Universities: A Neo-Nationalism and University Brief&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8158m811 Wed, 8 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Chirikov, Igor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c31s6dq How Economic and Political Pressures are Reshaping China's Higher Education System https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c31s6dq Wed, 8 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Fischer, Karin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zb9602z US Universities Face A Red Tide and A Precipice: A Neo-Nationalism and University Brief&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zb9602z Mon, 6 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t97x5n9 Disentangling Diversity's Web of Ambiguity and Conflicts: A Beginning https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t97x5n9 Tue, 31 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Butler, Johnnella https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95g888hc On "Putting Lipstick on A Pig": Beware "Moderate" Critiques of DEI Statements Dressed as Concern for Academic Freedom https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95g888hc Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Jayakumar, Uma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rt3j1pq DEI Statements Reclassify Ideas Arbitrarily&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rt3j1pq Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Hollinger, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67g2c522 What About Class? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67g2c522 Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Warnke, Georgia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53x4j2pc A Thriving Intellectual Community Relies on Diversity https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53x4j2pc Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Inkelas, Sharon Chemerinsky, Erwin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s88j3t6 Response to the Commentators https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s88j3t6 Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Brint, Steven https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pt9m168 In this essay, we explore the consequences of the University of California’s policies to address racial disparities and its support for social justice activism as influences on its commitment to academic freedom and other intellectual values. This is a story of the interaction between two essential public university missions – one civic, the other intellectual – and the slow effacement of one by the other. The University’s expressed commitments to academic freedom and the culture of rationalism have not been abandoned, but they are too often considered secondary or when confronted by new administrative initiatives and social movement activism related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The experimental use of mandatory DEI statements on a number of the ten UC campuses, within willing academic departments, as initial screening mechanisms in faculty hiring is the most dramatic of the new administrative policies that have been put into place to advance faculty diversity. This... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pt9m168 Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Brint, Steven Frey, Komi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dx594c5 Faculty are Conformist and That is Why We Need DEI and Academic Freedom https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dx594c5 Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Reichman, Henry https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fr5p2ct Since establishing its first campus in 1868, the University of California (UC), California’s land-grant university, developed into the nation’s first multi-campus system in the United States, and is today widely recognized as the world’s premier network of public research universities. This short essay provides an historical brief on the role that shared governance, and specifically the role of the Academic Senate, played in creating an academic culture of excellence and high achievement in pursuing its tripartite mission of teaching and learning, research and knowledge production, and public service. A key component in understanding the critical role of the Senate in UC’s evolution from a single campus in Berkeley to now a ten-campus system is the university’s unusual designation as a public trust in the state constitution that, beginning in 1879, protected the university at critical times from external political pressures and allowed the university to develop an internal academic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fr5p2ct Tue, 3 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gn6b778 <p>This year marks the University of California’s (UC) 150th anniversary. In part to reflect on that history, and to provide a basis to peer into the future, the following report provides a history of the University of California’s revenue sources and expenditures. The purpose is to provide the University’s academic community, state policymakers, and Californians with a greater understanding of the University’s financial history, focusing in particular on the essential role of public funding.</p><p>In its first four decades, UC depended largely on income generated by federal land grants and private philanthropy, and marginally on funding from the state. The year 1911 marked a major turning point: henceforth, state funding was linked to student enrollment workload. As a result, the University grew with California’s population in enrollment, academic programs, and new campuses. This historic commitment to systematically fund UC, the state’s sole land-grant university, helped create... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gn6b778 Fri, 23 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A. Bleemer, Zachary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gp7h1j3 While international alliances among research universities are relatively well established, the challenges for the small liberal arts college to execute a meaningful global collaboration can be much more difficult, due both to the much smaller size of the institution, its more limited resources, and its smaller and more intimate culture centered on undergraduate teaching and learning. A new alliance of liberal arts colleges known as the Pacific Alliance of Liberal Arts Colleges (PALAC) was established in 2021 with the purpose to better articulate the global components of liberal arts education, and to collaborate on key projects that will build collective capacity for student-centered liberal arts education that engages with the world’s most pressing problems. PALAC contains nine of the best liberal arts institutions from across the Pacific Region, including institutions in China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Canada, and the United States. This essay describes the origins, motivations,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gp7h1j3 Thu, 8 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Penprase, Bryan E Schneider, Thomas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b4667b3 Research universities enable students to have a unique learning environment and other experiences. This article aims to analyze student engagement in one research university in Brazil, the effects of student socioeconomic and academic characteristics and their associations with university structures (curriculum), and student trajectories. The data comes from the Student Experience in the Research University, an international survey administered in 2012 at the University of Campinas and longitudinal academic registers. The study used both Principal Component Analysis and also Multiple Linear Regression Models. Five modes of engagement were found: two related to curricular engagement (engagement with faculty and engagement outside the classroom), social and leisure engagement, curricular disengagement and co-curricular engagement. The main effects are associated with the disciplines. Regarding student trajectories, there was a negative association between academic engagement and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b4667b3 Wed, 7 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Carneiro, Ana Maria Fior, Camila https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08x00432 The academic professoriate is a determinant of successful higher education systems. Yet, recently, worsening conditions of employment, deteriorating salaries, and threats to job security have made the academic profession less attractive, especially to young scholars, in several countries. This paper investigates the salaries as well as the recruitment and retention procedures in public higher education institutions from a cross country perspective. The UK, Germany, France, and Italy are adopted as case studies to determine the attractiveness of European higher education systems. The evolution over the last decade creates an extremely variegated picture. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08x00432 Tue, 21 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Civera, Alice Lehmann, Erik E Meoli, Michele Paleari, Stefano Paleari https://escholarship.org/uc/item/56d324gm India has the credit of running the second largest higher education system in terms of institutions worldwide, despite having only 26.3% Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER), including vocational education. It aspires to achieve a target of 50% GER by 2035. It means it would require a larger number of higher education institutions (HEIs), public and private, in addition to huge fiscal resources. At present about 75% of the HEIs are privately managed with about 66% of student enrolment. Though there is no provision of for-profit higher education institutions in India, many non-profit private HEIs are actually working as for-profit. They are growing fast and are visible too. Therefore, it is high time now to think seriously about the pros and cons, causes and consequences of for-profit and non-profit private HEIs in India. India provides a big market for non-profit and for-profit higher education to domestic and foreign stakeholders.&nbsp; Already 160 foreign universities are working in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/56d324gm Tue, 11 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Gupta, Asha https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qm9r3dt Although part-time faculty have long contributed specialized expertise to colleges and universities, their role has shifted away from specialized expertise as they have shouldered an increasing share of day-to-day teaching operations at colleges and universities. Today, part-time faculty provide higher education institutions a flexible workforce and a less expensive workforce alternative. Despite their significant impact, the research literature lacks an up-to-date integrative synthesis of the part-time faculty workplace on its own terms, an object of study unto itself instead of a less-than version of the full-time faculty workplace. In this paper, we summarize key themes from the existing research literature most relevant to the part-time faculty workplace, with attention to both the technical components of the workplace and the socio-cultural dimensions of part-time faculty members’ daily work experiences. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qm9r3dt Tue, 11 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Christopher, Tami Kumar, Amal Todd Benson, R. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kb1b4cq There is considerable interest in the impact of policy alternatives to race-based affirmative action (AA) on under-represented minority (URM) university enrollment. Widely-implemented alternatives include percent plans, which guarantee admission to top high school students, and holistic review, in which applications are evaluated on a comprehensive set of merits. This study estimates each policy's URM enrollment effect at the University of California (UC). Difference-in-difference estimates show that AA increased annual UC URM enrollment by more than 800 students (20%), and by more than 60% at the Berkeley and UCLA campuses. Three years after UC's AA program ended in 1998, UC guaranteed admission to the top 4 percent of students from each California high school under its Eligibility in the Local Context program. Extrapolation from a regression discontinuity design shows that ELC increased total URM enrollment among applicants annually by about 250, or 3.5%, primarily at three... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kb1b4cq Mon, 18 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Bleemer, Zachary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10k0h50x This paper examines how international education (IE) as a tool of government foreign policy is challenged in an era of new geopolitics, where China’s growing ambitions have increased rivalry with the West. It compares U.S. and Canada as cases first, by examining rationales and approaches to IE in both countries, second, IE relations with China before conflict and third, current controversies and government policy responses to IE relations with China. The paper concludes identifying contextual factors that shape each country’s engagement with IE, but suggests that moving forward, the future of IE in a world of new geopolitics is likely to be far more complex and conflictual. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10k0h50x Thu, 7 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Desai Trilokekar, Roopa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h26647z The critical role of communication is usually overlooked by higher education institutions. Here we argue that higher education institutions must consider an effective communication as one of their top priorities. This communication must go well beyond promoting the university’s opportunities to potential new students, the pursuit of potential donors and outreach to policymakers: it must engage all aspects of internal academic life and seek the engagement of the larger society. Increasingly, higher education has to defend its purpose, integrity and legitimacy in a climate of growing neo-nationalist and populist movements. A comprehensive communication plan includes a deep revision of the University core values and practices, better teaching and learning strategies, as well as modern internal and external communication tools, including all sorts of social media. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h26647z Thu, 7 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Knobel, Marcelo Reisberg, Liz https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vx8p3nv International partnerships have become increasingly important for the mission and goals of universities and colleges globally.&nbsp; Understanding the nature of these partnerships and the perspectives of their senior leaders is critical. Senior international officers (SIOs) at 59 US public and private universities and colleges and 4 non-US universities completed surveys regarding: &nbsp;goals <strong>and criteria for developing the partnerships; number and country of their partners; types of existing partnerships; ways the university/college promotes/rewards international partnerships; challenges faced and important considerations for developing partnerships;</strong> <strong>&nbsp;</strong>and <strong>recommendations</strong>&nbsp;to enhance successful international partnerships. The SIOs’ insights and recommendations were reviewed and analyzed. The most frequently identified major goals were <em>‘enhancing the quality of research and scholarship’</em> and ‘<em>strengthening... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vx8p3nv Mon, 13 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Lacy, William Merilus, Jean-Yves Liu, Xiaoguang Lacy, Laura R. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p0114s8 The rapid rise of online enrollments in public universities has been fueled by a reliance on for-profit, third-party providers—especially online program managers. However, scholars know very little about the potential problems with this arrangement. We conduct a mixed methods analysis of 229 contracts between third-party providers and 117 two-year and four-year public universities in the US, data on the financing structure of third-party providers, and university online education webpages. We ask: What are the mechanisms through which third-party relationships with universities may be exploitative of students or the public universities that serve them? To what extent are potentially predatory processes linked to the private equity and venture capital financing structure of third-party providers? We highlight specific mechanisms that lead to five predatory processes: the targeting of marginalized students, extraction of revenue, privatization by obfuscation, for-profit creep, and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p0114s8 Mon, 13 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Hamilton, Laura T. Daniels, Heather Smith, Christian Michael Eaton, Charlie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87p9j2qf Eligibility is a policy construct unique to California. UC and CSU are the only US universities that distinguish between eligibility for admission and admission itself and set separate requirements for each.&nbsp; The eligibility construct derives originally from California’s 1960 Master Plan for Higher Education, which famously mandated that UC admit students from the top 12.5% (and CSU from the top 33.3%) of California public high school graduates.&nbsp; Thus began a long and twisting saga of policy implementation that has become increasingly convoluted over time. UC’s decision to eliminate the SAT/ACT in university admissions presents an opportune moment to rethink the eligibility construct from the ground up. This essay proposes, first, eliminating the now-antiquated “Eligibility Index,” a mechanical algorithm that is increasingly at odds with the thrust of UC admissions policy over the past two decades; second, moving from a 12.5% eligibility target (the percentage of students... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87p9j2qf Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Geiser, Saul https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nk4g06s In assessing the current and future role of universities in the nation-states in which they are chartered and funded, it is useful to ask, When are universities societal leaders as societal and constructive change agents, and when are they followers, reinforcing the existing political order? As discussed in the book, <em>Neo-Nationalism and Universities: Populists, Autocrats and the Future of Higher Education</em>, the national political history and contemporary context is the dominant factor for shaping the leadership or follower role of universities – what I call a <em>political determinist </em>interpretation.&nbsp; We often think of contemporary universities, and their students and faculty, as catalysts for societal progress -- the Free Speech and Civil Rights movements, Vietnam War protests, the anti-Apartheid movement, Tiananmen Square, and more recently the pro-democracy demonstrations in Hong Kong. Universities can be, and have been, the locus for not only educating enlightened... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nk4g06s Wed, 16 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Aubrey Douglass, John https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61c7h0h4 The occasion of the 50^th anniversary of the University of California’s <em>Faculty Code of Conduct</em> is an opportune time for this unique CSHE paper, which documents the web of policies, rules, procedures, norms and institutional actors related to faculty discipline at UC campuses, including the socio-political context of successful and unsuccessful reform efforts across the decades.&nbsp; Compared to other spheres of college and university governance, rules and norms for disciplining faculty misconduct are less frequently the subject of sustained attention by scholars of higher education.&nbsp; Today’s administrative and faculty leaders must be ready to adeptly handle faculty discipline cases for many reasons, including public accountability and trust, stewardship of the conditions for research and knowledge creation, civil rights/legal compliance, deterrence, transmission of ethical norms and values to all present and future members of the academic community, and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61c7h0h4 Tue, 7 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Kidder, William C. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mp7x2s2 This paper examines social justice and collective bargaining with a focus on higher education. Observations are offered around the following issues: a) a brief history of social justice as it has been conceptualized in labor management relations with a particular focus on unions in higher education; b) identification of collective bargaining scenarios when social justice platforms may have a more salient impact on negotiations; c) actions and strategies the parties might consider to accommodate social justice concerns in the bargaining process; and d) measuring and assessing collective bargaining outcomes. Collective bargaining in post-secondary institutions remains a complex phenomenon where political and legal guidelines are evolving particularly in a post-COVID environment. Accurate assessment of bargaining outcomes presents a variety of methodological challenges. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mp7x2s2 Tue, 7 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Julius, Daniel J. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/513249vg Underrepresented minority (URM) college students have been steadily earning degrees in relatively less-lucrative fields of study since the mid-1990s. A decomposition reveals that this widening gap is principally explained by rising stratification at public research universities, many of which increasingly enforce GPA restriction policies that prohibit students with poor introductory grades from declaring popular majors. We investigate these GPA restrictions by constructing a novel 50-year dataset covering four public research universities’ student transcripts and employing a dynamic difference-in-difference design around the implementation of 29 restrictions. Restricted majors’ average URM enrollment share falls by 20 percent, which matches observational patterns and can be explained by URM students’ poorer average pre-college academic preparation. Using first-term course enrollments to identify students who intend to earn restricted majors, we find that major restrictions disproportionately... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/513249vg Tue, 7 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Bleemer, Zachary Mehta, Aashish https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xz465cc Conceptualizing the Modern American Public University: Early Debates Over Utilitarianism, Autonomy, and Admissions by John Aubrey Douglass, CSHE 8.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xz465cc Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8970m6x9 Intimidation, Silencing, Fear, and Academic Freedom, by Steve Brint, CSHE 4.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8970m6x9 Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Brint, Steven https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fk447hq Universities and the Future of Work: The Promise of Labor Studies, by Tobias Schulze-Cleven CSHE 7.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fk447hq Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Schulze-Cleven, Tobias https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qf1888s Top Percent Policies and the Return to Postsecondary Selectivity, by Zachary Bleemer, CSHE 1.21&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qf1888s Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Bleemer, Zachary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59m2w99h Two City-States in the Long Shadow of China: The Future of Universities in Hong Kong and Singapore by Bryan Penprase and John Aubrey Douglass CSHE 10.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59m2w99h Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Penprase, Bryan E Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b58z7w6 Federally Funded Research, the Bayh-Dole Act, and the COVID Vaccine Race, by John Aubrey Douglass, CSHE 3.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b58z7w6 Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3422p80w SCIENCE AND SECURITY: Strengthening US-China Research Networks Through University Leadership by Brad Farnsworth CSHE 11.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3422p80w Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Farnsworth, Brad https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fj6v5sx Raising Graduation Rates While Maintaining Racial-Ethnic Equity in Graduation: The UC Riverside Recipe by Steven Brint CSHE 9.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fj6v5sx Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Brint, Steven Brint https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12p4r404 Facilitating Academic Curriculum in Learning, In Teaching, and Threaded Evidence by Joseph Martin Stevenson and Karen Wilson Stevenson, CSHE 2.21 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12p4r404 Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Martin Stevenson, Joseph Wilson Stevenson, Karen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mg808hq Resilience and Resistance: The Community College in a Pandemic https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mg808hq Mon, 26 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Murphy, Brian https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hk672nh Does Conflict of Interest Distort Global University Rankings?&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hk672nh Fri, 23 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Chirikov, Igor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9j7949fk Although writing is well established as a high-impact educational practice, scaling that practice is challenging. Writing is a modeof engaged learning, and teaching it requires providing careful attention informed by expertise. These conditions are labor-intensive and expensive, even as public universities are hardly awash in funds. Writing skills develop over time as a function ofencountering challenges and being coached on addressing them. What counts as “good” writing varies according to context,target readership, and purpose. Students need to build a repertory of strategies and experiences, along with the executivefunctions to know when to access what. They acquire this repertory by writing: doing it, not simply being told about it, andreceiving feedback and advice. Technologies cannot currently or foreseeably provide feedback of sufficient quality to solveproblems of scale. Writing Across the Curriculum programs can supplement first year writing courses, even replace some... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9j7949fk Mon, 31 Aug 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Dennve, Douglass https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w21n06w Affirmative Action, Mismatch, and Economic Mobility After California’s Proposition 209 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w21n06w Fri, 28 Aug 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Bleemer, Zachary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7f36s666 <p>The University of Southern California (USC) transformed its undergraduate education program by making it a top priority in its strategic plans for the last two decades. The undergraduate experience was thoroughly studied and findings were used to determine what needed to be changed to improve the educational experience for students in and outside of the classroom. The institution has spent over $1.5B to hire new faculty to teach undergraduates, construct new residential colleges and renovate older ones (all led by tenured faculty), and build a new health center, campus center, and spaces in the USC College and professional schools dedicated to undergraduate academic programs, support services, and co-curricular programs. The key to the transformation was leadership provided by its late President Steven B. Sample and the university leaders he recruited to take on this big challenge. The team was focused and empowered to make administrative and academic changes, in concert with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7f36s666 Mon, 13 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Jackson, Michael L. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ww6836t The following essay details a debate between UC Berkeley and a Regent who made charges of discrimination against Asian-American students that are similar to the current legal challenges facing Harvard University. The crux of such charges: onaverage, that one racial or ethnic group is more “qualified” than other groups, often underrepresented minorities, yet they havelower admissions rates. In 2004, Regent John Moores, convinced of discriminatory practices toward Asian-American students inthe admissions process at Berkeley, did his own analysis of UC admissions data focused on SAT scores and that he publicizedin the LA Times and other venues. Moores claimed his investigation provided clear evidence of discrimination. In the aftermath of California’s Proposition 209 barring the use of race in admissions, Moores complained that Berkeley’s adoption of a “holistic” review of applications reduced the importance of test scores by elevating subjective "measurements" that served as possiblyillegal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ww6836t Mon, 13 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Doulgass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xz1748q <p>In what ways—and to what degree—have universities contributed to the long-run growth, health, economic mobility, and gender/ethnic equity of their students’ communities and home states? The University of California ClioMetric History Project (UC-CHP), based at the Center for Studies in Higher Education, extends prior research on this question in two ways. First, we have developed a novel digitization protocol—formatted optical character recognition (fOCR)—which transforms scanned structured and semi-structured texts like university directories and catalogs into high-quality computer-readable databases. We use fOCR to produce annual databases of students (1890s to 1940s), faculty (1900 to present), course descriptions (1900 to present), and detailed budgets (1911-2012) for many California universities. Digitized student records, for example, illuminate the high proportion of 1900s university students who were female and from rural areas, as well as large family income differences between... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xz1748q Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Bleemer, Zachary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gs5v3pv This paper presents new and surprising findings on the relationship between race and SAT scores. The findings are based on the population of California residents who applied for admission to the University of California from 1994 through 2011, a sample of over 1.1 million students. The UC data show that socioeconomic background factors – family income, parental education, and race/ethnicity – account for a large and growing share of the variance in students’ SAT scores over the past twenty years. More than a third of the variance in SAT scores can now be predicted by factors known at students’ birth, up from a quarter of the variance in 1994. Of those factors, moreover, race has become the strongest predictor. Rather than declining in salience, race and ethnicity are now more important than either family income or parental education in accounting for test score differences. It must be cautioned that these findings are preliminary, and more research is needed to determine whether... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gs5v3pv Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Geiser, Saul https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d80g6cw This study provides an overview of the history, current status, and future challenges to the Australian university system through the eyes of its leaders. Hopefully, the report will be informative and useful and will raise critical and important issues that need to be considered and addressed for the continuing success of the system and the society it enables. The intended audience includes: university leaders, managers and staff; higher education policy makers and analysts; and, Australian and global higher education researchers and scholars. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d80g6cw Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Lacy, William B Croucher, Gwilym Brett, André Mueller, Romina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b99q74j Shared governance between the administration and faculty has been traditional for most public universities, but varies considerably in its nature and effectiveness.  In the United States it probably takes its most structured form at the University of California.  There are good reasons for having shared governance, and yet it tends to be poorly understood outside the university environment and to cause substantial tensions within the university itself.  Several trends and issues are identified that pose both significant challenges and substantial opportunities for shared governance.  Ways of addressing these and advancing the efficacy of shared governance are put forward and assessed. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b99q74j Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 King, C. Judson https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tv4x00x Early in the Second World War, Franklin Roosevelt appealed to the nation’s elite universities to join in the quest for powerful new technological weapons to counter the Nazi threat.  Urged on by Nobelist Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron and director of the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, the University of California responded to Roosevelt’s call in 1943 by lending its scientific leadership to the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos, New Mexico.  The goal: to design and build the world’s first atomic bomb.  UC president Robert Gordon Sproul intended from the outset that the University’s involvement in secret weapons research would end with the conflict itself.  In the end, an engagement entered into as an act of wartime service became a more or less permanent marriage that was controversial from the start.  What justification could a public university—any university—offer for conducting research on weapons of mass destruction?  Decades of public protest and faculty criticism... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tv4x00x Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Pelfrey, Patricia A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89c0m30t Effective education at the tertiary level is one of the key conditions for the development of modern economies; it also has a substantial impact on social development. Nowadays, higher education institutions all over the world are facing numerous challenges, some of them global (e.g. funding), others local (e.g. demographic trends). Universities are seeking new ways of dealing with the challenges; however, they often resort to methods that seem to do more harm than good by moving the emphasis from long-term objectives to short-term ones. In marketing literature, a new concept of Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) is proposed as an alternative approach to traditional and outdated marketing theories applied to the higher education sector. Its foundational premise of value co-creation seems to be of particular relevance here as it assumes that various groups of actors jointly create the academic experience. This paper focuses on the higher education sector in Poland and investigates the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89c0m30t Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Dziewanowska, Katarzyna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rx345md Students, faculty, and the public expect undergraduate education in research universities to contribute to multiple developmental purposes.   While academic purposes remain pre-eminent, a singular focus on knowledge and skills development is no longer adequate. Based on data and analysis from the Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) Undergraduate Survey, this essay identifies and discusses five widely endorsed purposes of student development during the college years: social, personal, academic, civic, and economic.  It also identifies the characteristics of classroom and extra-curricular settings that contribute to the achievement of these purposes.  In turn, the resulting SPACES model provides a theoretical framework for SERU intended to guide future survey design and research. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rx345md Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Brint, Steven https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k5266md This essay discusses past and current thinking about the globalization of higher education (from a U.S. point of view in particular) and a new model we are attempting to develop at the University of California, Berkeley. This essay begins with a brief narrative of the historical evolution of efforts to internationalize education, from the seventeenth century to the present day, before providing a schematic outline of efforts to create new models for the global university. From its earliest beginnings in the U.S. and elsewhere, higher education embodied important global dimensions. Since then, the globalization of higher education has accelerated rapidly over the last quarter century, motivated by a quest for additional revenues (especially in the case of Anglophone universities), a desire for greater international relevance and hence prestige (for all universities, but especially in the case of European and Asian universities), and a desire to provide a foundation for a knowledge... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k5266md Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Dirks, Nicolas B Gilman, Nils https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69b3w4d7 International students are critical to the competitiveness of American higher education in terms of financial, intercultural, and educational contributions. However, recent data indicates that the U.S institutions enrolled 31,520 fewer international students in Fall 2017 as compared to Fall 2016. At average tuition and fees of US$ 25,000, higher education institutions are likely to lose potential revenue of US$ 788 million for the first year of studies alone. This paper examines the shifting landscape of international enrollment from the lens of three overlapping Waves spread over seven years and takes a deeper dive into implications for American universities. Wave I was shaped by the terrorist attacks in September 2001 and resulted in slower overall growth in international student enrollment of 11% between 1999 and 2006. Wave II has its origins in the global financial crisis which prompted universities to search for self-funded students and experienced overall robust growth of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69b3w4d7 Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Choudaha, Rahul https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6769s80c Universities are undergoing historic change, from the sharp downward shift in government funding to widespread demands to document performance. At the University of California Berkeley, this led to an operational change effort unlike any the university had ever attempted, dubbed Operational Excellence. The authors describe their experiences designing and leading this change effort, with emphasis on practical advice for similar efforts at other universities. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6769s80c Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Szeri, Andrew J Lyons, Richard Huston, Peggy Wilton, John https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58n9x18c In an era of significant disinvestment in public higher education by state governments, many public universities are moving toward a “<em>progressive tuition model</em>” that attempts to invest approximately one-third of tuition income into institutional financial aid for lower-income and middle-class students. The objective is to mitigate the cost of tuition and keep college affordable. But is this model as currently formulated working? What levels of financial stress are students of all income groups experiencing? And are they changing their behaviors? Utilizing data from the Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) Survey of undergraduates and other data sources, this study explores these issues by focusing on students at the University of California and ten AAU institutions that are members of the SERU Consortium. At least to date, the increase in tuition, and costs related to housing and other living expenses, have not had a negative impact on the number of lower-income... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58n9x18c Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Lapid, Patrick A Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s08b4jx The traditional apprenticeship model for PhD education involves supervisors mentoring students through a substantive research project and ultimately into academia. Although about half of PhD graduates enter careers beyond academia, this apprenticeship model, with a narrow focus on thesis research has continued to dominate in many countries. While there are variations in terms of coursework requirements, the main assessment continues to be on the PhD thesis, and, in most countries, an oral defense of this thesis. The aims of this working paper are firstly to critique the dominant models of PhD education by using the lens of ‘success’, and secondly to consider an alternative model of PhD education. A PhD program may be deemed successful if it leads to high employment rates, high satisfaction with types of employment, and graduates who are well equipped for being in the world – in work and in society. Through examining these indicators of success, I argue that the North American... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s08b4jx Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Spronken-Smith, Rachel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bg9g3ps Bolstered by the recommendations of the 1998 Boyer Report, US federal agencies have put significant resources into promoting opportunities for undergraduates to engage in research. American universities and colleges have been creating support programs and curricular opportunities intended to create a “culture of undergraduate research.” Yet our knowledge about the commonality of undergraduate research engagement—how it integrates into the educational experience, and its benefits or lack thereof—is still very limited. Universities exude the ideal of a pivotal link of teaching and research. We have assumed that personal interactions between active scholars and undergraduates—via traditional curriculum, research courses, working in a lab or doing fieldwork—have positive influences on students’ maturation and their overall academic and social experience. The following exploratory study looks at data generated by the 2010 Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) undergraduate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bg9g3ps Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A Zhao, Chun-Mei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3758v60w It is not uncommon when reading about higher education change in the Asia Pacific region to see it described in the context of globalization and internationalization.  These terms are sometimes used interchangeably as in “the globalized university”, “internationalization of higher education”, “internationalizing the university in the age of globalization” and so on.  Often the use of these terms assumes that the reader knows how to distinguish between them, how they relate to each other, and how these large, somewhat slippery concepts are connected to individual HEIs.  This paper attempts to raise questions about the rigor of these terms especially as they relate to the recent rise of the phenomenon of “Asian Educational Hubs.” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3758v60w Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Hawkins, John N https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32c8z7p2 This study examines how student pre-college participation in extracurricular activities and volunteer and community services varies by demographic and academic variables, and how their experience participating in these activities affects first-year college engagement and learning outcomes. The analysis focuses on students at the University of California’s (UC) nine undergraduate campuses and is based on the self-reported data that compares their high school experience with their first year experience at UC. Students differ significantly in their participation in precollege activities by gender, ethnicity, family income, and college admissions status. URM’s and socioeconomically disadvantaged students are less likely to participate in these activities. Those who are admitted to UC are likely to participate in more precollege activities. The study also shows that there is a positive correlation between student precollege participation in these activities and their college experience,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32c8z7p2 Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Chang, Tongshan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3298h6b7 gher levels of civic and community engagement in higher education are positively associated with students’ academic performance and they also build upon citizenship skills such as informed voting. Yet, while these are worthy and important outcomes of higher education, students from disadvantaged backgrounds can have more difficulty navigating civic engagement.  Focusing on students at thirteen major public universities in the United States, and utilizing survey data generated by the Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) Consortium, this study suggest social perspective-taking has a significant positive effect on all students’ probability of voting and participating in community service. Students who were asked to identify challenge/solutions to social problems and reflect/act on community issues in the classroom were also more likely to participate in community service. Additionally, Hispanic students and students from lower-income households are significantly less... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3298h6b7 Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Porterfield, V. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tf0q5t4 A new federal initiative calls for a College Scorecard which will include a yet to be determined measure of graduate earnings. In this paper we examine the political context that drives this initiative and examine the nascent efforts of four states to develop statewide systems to measure the labor market outcomes of higher education. We propose five principles to support a system that would generate valid labor market measures that could cut across all segments of higher education in California, and disaggregate down to campuses, departments and programs. We present results from a large-scale pilot project using these principles that generated labor market outcomes for 44,000 college students from California State University Northridge. Finally, we recommend an agenda for creating a statewide system to measure labor market outcomes in California. A first step is to create a venue in which policymakers representing the three public segments (University of California, California... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tf0q5t4 Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Moore, Richard W Chapman, Kenneth Huber, Bettina Shors, Mark https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tb939dm Alternative Digital Credentials (ADCs) will significantly transform the relationship between higher education institutions and society. By providing fully digital, workplace-relevant, and information-rich records of an individual’s skills and competencies, ADCs will render traditional university transcripts increasingly irrelevant and obsolete. Universities and colleges that to not adopt in some measure the ADC movement will begin to experience a slow decline in market position and patron support. Current usage of ADCs is emerging rapidly in the marketplace and is supported by standard-setting efforts and grant funding. Usage is accelerating due to the inadequacy of the traditional transcription systems, accrediting agency requirements, demographic shifts in learning preferences, open education, and hiring practices, among others. Institutions seeking to enter the ADC movement face challenges including, 1) establishing criteria for the issuance of ADCs, 2) designing icons to represent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tb939dm Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Matkin, Gary W https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2px0d0t2 President Barack Obama recently announced a proposal to eliminate tuition charges at community colleges so that everyone can easily complete the first two years of a university education.  At the same time, the administration is creating new regulations to curb the worst abuses of for-profit universities.  This suggests that the country has reached a turning point regarding access to higher education.  There is a practical limit to privatization, and the countries that have privatized their higher education systems most aggressively, such is the case of the United States, are now reaching it.  One country where the increase in university tuition has reached the limit of what the public will tolerate is Chile, where the most deliberate and comprehensive university privatization experiment in the world was carried out and where the most intense student protests calling for greater access have occurred, bringing this issue to the forefront of the nation’s political discourse.  Indeed,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2px0d0t2 Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Gonzales, Cristina Pedraja, Liliana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dn595m7 This article reviews the educational policies of Spain and England in their most emblematic colonies, Mexico and India, respectively, and compares them to those of the United States.  Mexico and India share one important historical feature: both were colonies in which the native population greatly outnumbered European colonists and in which native cooperation was crucial to the colonial enterprise.  In both cases, the European powers felt compelled to educate members of the native elites to conduct the business of empire for them. In contrast, the United States was a “white colony,” in which Europeans displaced the local populations, which were relatively small and consisted mostly of bands and tribes, as opposed to the states and empires found in Mexico and India.  Thus, Europeans carried out the work of the colonies themselves or with the help of slaves imported from Africa, instead of relying on the indigenous population.  After gaining independence from England, the United... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dn595m7 Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Gonzales, Cristina Hsu, Funie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b22k86h What are the benefits and costs of attending a selective public research university instead of a less-selective university or college?This study examines the 2001-2011 Eligibility in the Local Context (ELC) program, which guaranteed University of Californiaadmission to students in the top four percent of California high school classes. Employing a regression discontinuity design, Iestimate that ELC pulled 8 percent of marginally-admitted students into four "Absorbing'' UC campuses from less-competitivepublic institutions in California. Those ELC compliers had lower SAT scores and family incomes than their eventual peers; almosthalf were under-represented minorities (URM), and 65 percent came from the state's bottom SAT quartile of high schools.Nevertheless, marginally eligible students became more than 20 percentage points more likely to earn a university degree within5 years, though URM and less-prepared students became less likely to earn STEM degrees. Students' net expected... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b22k86h Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Bleemer, Zachary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j8945b Public research universities are a key vehicle for educational mobility. Yet rising student debt for undergraduate students has created new risks, particularly for lower income students at lower ranked universities. We find that student loan default rates reached 35 percent for low-income students at public universities with low research rankings during the Great Recession. Given these troubling loan default rates, we find encouraging evidence that a few U.S. states have adopted robust need-based grant aid programs to make college more affordable for low-income students. Such grant programs can cover tuition, room, and board costs. California, Wyoming, and New Jersey now spend more than $4,000 per low-income student, more than the federal expenditure on Pell Grants for their state. More than 30 states, however, spend less than 25 percent of the federal Pell Grant expenditure. We find that generous state aid programs are associated with lower actual costs of attendance for low-income... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j8945b Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Eaton, C. Kulkarni, K. Birgeneau, Robert Brady, Henry Hout, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20q3n364 China has recently disclosed a national strategy for enlisting universities to advise the government through campus-based think tanks that will engage in research for various ministries. This move might surprise some academics in the United States. A review of the history of American universities and think tanks, however, reveals complex relationships between these organizations and government that are not as dissimilar to those involving their Chinese counterparts as they might appear. In both countries, think tanks are institutions with a certain degree of formal independence whose research projects are designed to influence decision makers. Thus, all think tanks have a political dimension. The connection between knowledge and power goes back to the dawn of history. Every important country has expanded its knowledge base as it has increased its power base, most recently the United States, whose state-of-the-art universities and think tanks were created to meet the needs of its... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20q3n364 Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Gonzalez, Cristina Zhang, Xinpei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x07w0vr The United States has been the leader in fundamental research for the last seven decades. Fundamental research is overwhelming undertaken in or in conjunction with research-intensive universities, and since the 1950s they have depended on US Federal funding to make this possible. This support has been consistently championed by Congress, is popular across the political spectrum and enjoys long public backing, in no small part because there remains a widespread trust in the societal benefits it provides. Yet the US now faces a dilemma over the future of this national achievement and the supporting arrangements making it sustainable. The ‘social contract’ for science and research now looks more tentative than at any time since the Space Race. This paper examines why many US university leaders, faculty, experts and policy-makers are increasingly concerned, what is driving this and how they are responding. Building on 37 interviews with university, academic and government leaders,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x07w0vr Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Croucher, Gwilym https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qk0h3tj Despite massive cuts in state funding over the past thirty years, the University of California has managed to keep enrollment on pace with growth in population.  With California’s population projected to grow 22.5 percent (from 40 to 49 million by 2040), that will no longer be the case, unless UC is able to find a new funding model. Informed by the historical analysis in the report Approaching a Tipping Point: A History and Prospectus of Funding for the University of California, this essay revisits the options for funding UC from that report, including: reinvestment by California lawmakers and a proposed general bond measure for capital construction; increasing research funding to help subsidize teaching and public service programs; revising the indirect-cost agreement with the State of California; raising undergraduate tuition and fees for upper income students and establishing tuition pricing model tiered by student family income; explore differential fees by major; and reducing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qk0h3tj Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n18c3wp This paper presents part of the results of a completed study entitled "A Longitudinal Study of Minority Ph.D.s from 1980-1990: Progress and Outcomes in Science and Engineering at the University of California during Graduate School and Professional Life." It focuses particularly on the graduate school experience and degree of preparation for the professoriate of African American doctoral students in the sciences and engineering, and presents the results of a survey of 33 African American STEM Ph.D.s from the University of California earned between 1980-1990. Relationships with thesis advisors and principal investigators are evaluated by the study participants in fifteen specific areas from highly-ranked intellectual development to low-ranked training in grant writing. Deficits in training and socialization are discussed along with the tension between being both an African American and a graduate student. Career choices and outcomes are presented. These findings, in conjunction... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n18c3wp Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 MacLachlan, Anne J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zn9s0sn A 1966 University of California academic plan estimated that future enrollments would soar to well over 200,000 before leveling off, and that by 1975 student demand would require two more UC campuses in addition to the ones opened a few years earlier at Santa Cruz, Irvine, and San Diego. The 1970 US census brought these stratospheric assumptions down to earth. Its projections of declining numbers of college-age students into the next decade and beyond, combined with the shock of unfavorable academic market and budgetary trends, became the starting point for an ambitious new UC planning endeavor. The intent was to improve long-range decision-making on the size, quality, and academic balance of the University. The strategy was to ensure that planning led budgeting; that campus academic plans were systematically reviewed at the universitywide and Regental level; and that fiscal realities disciplined planning at all levels. Two UC presidents led this experiment in multicampus system... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zn9s0sn Mon, 19 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Pelfey, Patricia A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fw4623g NORM-REFERENCED TESTS AND RACE-BLIND ADMISSIONS: The Case for Eliminating the SAT and ACT at the University of California by Saul Geiser, UC Berkeley CSHE 15.17 (December 2017) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fw4623g Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Geiser, Saul https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vc352k3 THE CLARK KERR LEGACY TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA by C. Judson King, UC Berkeley CSHE 4.18 (March 2018) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vc352k3 Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 King, C. Judson https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mp5b48r QUALITY AND THE NEW FLAGSHIP UNIVERSITY IDEAL IN ASIAN HIGHER EDUCATION by David P. Ericson, University of Hawaii CSHE 12.17 (November 2017) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mp5b48r Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Ericson, David P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kh0c74r PRESERVATION OF EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY IN DOCTORAL EDUCATION: Tacit Knowledge, Implicit Bias and University Faculty by Anne J. MacLachlan, UC Berkeley CSHE 1.17 (January 2017) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kh0c74r Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 MacLachlan, Anne J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d85m72t AMERICAN​ ​UNIVERSITIES​ ​IN​ ​TRUMPLAND​ ​-​ ​Financial​ ​Ruin​ ​Averted? by John​ ​Aubrey​ ​Douglass, UC Berkeley CSHE 11.17 (October 2017) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d85m72t Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pm9z6kp THE RISE OF THE PUBLICS: American Democracy, the Public University Ideal, and the University of California by John Aubrey Douglass, UC Berkeley CSHE 1.18 (February 2018) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pm9z6kp Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Douglass, John A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63z68633 FOSTERING​ ​GLOBAL​ ​COMPETENCE​ ​THROUGH​ ​INTERNATIONALIZATION AT​ ​AMERICAN​ ​RESEARCH​ ​UNIVERSITIES 10.17 (October 2017) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63z68633 Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Shcheglova, Irina A Thomson, Gregg E Merrill, Martha C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rg5m1vr DOES IT PAY TO BE A STEM GRADUATE? Evidence from the Polish Graduate Tracking System by Tomasz Zając, Mikołaj Jasiński, and Marek Bożykowski, University of Warsaw CSHE 13.17 (November 2017) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rg5m1vr Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Zając, Tomasz Jasiński, Mikołaj Bożykowski, Marek https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44r5w9f0 ALTERNATIVE DIGITAL CREDENTIALS: An Imperative for Higher Education by Gary W. Matkin, University of California, Irvine 2.18 (February 2018) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44r5w9f0 Tue, 23 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Matkin, Gary W