http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/iir_cpl_rw/rss Recent eScholarship items from Recent Work Wed, 24 Jun 2026 15:01:37 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cp8p3nx <p>The California Policy Lsb's research confirmed that California women, who faced systemic inequities before the pandemic, were also uniquely impacted during and after the pandemic, because layoffs were concentrated in sectors where women are the majority of the workforce and childcare challenges were unevenly borne by women. These issues were compounded for women of color, low-income women, and lower-educated women. While safety-net benefits played an important role, many of those, such as enhanced unemployment benefits and the expanded Child Tax Credit, have been withdrawn. The Commission is calling on policymakers to make an immediate intervention to address the findings from the report in order to prevent deeper poverty and decreased health outcomes for California women.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grants MRP-19-600774 and M21PR3278</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cp8p3nx Thu, 1 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Fischer, Brett Rothstein, Jesse von Wachter, Till White, Evan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83p7k43f <p>The latest quarter of data on interstate migration into and out of California shows signs that pandemic-era mobility patterns may be slowing or even reversing in some places.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grants MRP-19-600774 and M21PR3278</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83p7k43f Thu, 1 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Holmes, Natalie White, Evan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9216b24b <p>The federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), and its state counterpart, the California Earned Income Tax Credit (CalEITC), provided low-income Californians with a nearly $7 billion boost in 2018. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the approximately 2.8 million households who claimed the credits, including household size, which households are claiming both credits, the financial impacts, and a county-by-county breakdown, including the average amount of each credit claimed in each county. The California legislature and Governor Newsom approved a significant expansion to the CalEITC in 2019. The expansion is expected to double the amount of CalEITC credits claimed, and coupled with a new Young Child Tax Credit, the total value of the state credits is expected to reach $1 billion. This report provides an important roadmap for policymakers interested in understanding who this important anti-poverty program reaches in California.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9216b24b Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Davis, Charles White, Evan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8p4160p8 We evaluate the effect on reported daily criminal incidents of a sizable reallocation of police officers from plain clothes special-task force assignments to uniformed foot patrol.&nbsp; On September 1st, 2017, the San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) re-assigned 69 officers (roughly 3.5 percent of sworn officers in the department) to various foot patrol assignments across the city’s ten police districts.&nbsp; We use microlevel data on criminal incidents to generate daily counts of crime by broad category for the ten most frequently reported offenses (accounting for over 90 percent of incidents reported to the police) for the 120-day period surrounding the September 1st policy change.&nbsp; We conduct an event study analysis to test for a discrete change in the daily level of criminal incidents coinciding in time with the reallocation of police officers.&nbsp; We document discrete and statistically significant declines in the daily number of larceny thefts and assaults reported... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8p4160p8 Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Liévano, Maura Raphael, Steven https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8899d173 <p>The federal and state Earned Income Tax Credits can provide a significant financial boost to low-income Californians. However, there is concern that some eligible Californians are missing out on these credits, and this report summarizes&nbsp;a two-year effort to increase the number of eligible Californians who claim the federal and state Earned Income Tax Credits (EITCs), which can provide a significant financial boost to low-income families.</p><p>In a series of randomized trials, more than one&nbsp;million Californians received text messages and letters designed to inform them about the&nbsp;credits. Although some people engaged with online resources about the EITC shared in the texts and letters, these efforts had no effect on increasing the number of people who filed a tax return or claimed the EITCs, indicating that these additional, targeted outreach strategies were not enough to increase take-up of the EITCs amongst low-income households.</p><p>This work has been supported,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8899d173 Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Linos, Elizabeth Ramesh, Aparna Rothstein, Jesse Unrath, Matt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8737p1hb US courts provide constitutionally mandated legal services to low-income criminal defendants via private court-appointed attorneys and public defenders. This study finds that defendants in multiple-defendant cases experience better case outcomes when they are represented by a public defender compared with those appointed a private attorney. In San Francisco, they are 3.8 percentage points (6%) less likely to be convicted and 1.8 percentage points (22%) less likely to receive a prison sentence. These differences are more pronounced in more serious cases and for individuals with longer criminal histories. This study compared the outcomes of codefendants who are assigned separate counsel to avoid conflicts of interest. It suggests that public defenders may provide better representation than court-appointed attorneys, especially when the stakes are higher. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8737p1hb Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Shem-Tov, Yotam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t94r2nz <p>The following brief is a summary of a September 2018 report co-authored by California Policy Lab faculty affiliates Meredith Phillips, Sarah Reber, and Jesse Rothstein titled “Making California Data More Useful for Educational Improvement.” The full report was released by the “Getting Down to Facts II” project, which aims to bring evidence to bear on the conditions of California education and to guide future policy. We would like to thank the California Department of Education for their thoughtful feedback.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t94r2nz Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Phillips, Meredith Reber, Sarah Rothstein, Jesse https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jf2p45z In 2014, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation began a demonstration of the Enhanced Drug and Contraband Interdiction Program at 11 prisons in California. Using data provided by the Department, this study finds that the intensive version of the program yielded a 23% decline in failure rates of random drug tests over the period studied, and a reduction in the number of cellphone violations, but that these same institutions experienced increased levels of drug-related rules violations. The moderate program had no discernable impact on drug abuse in the prisons in which it was tested. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jf2p45z Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Raphael, Steven Lofstrom, Magnus Martin, Brandon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dr0853v <p>A sizable tax gap (taxes owed to California, but not reported) exists in California partly because some taxpayers may misrepresent self-reported elements on their return, such as their income and deductions to reduce their tax liability. Building off of previous research on honesty “nudges,” the California Policy Lab and California Franchise Tax Board, in partnership with a tax preparation software provider, conducted a randomized control trial to test the impact on tax filer behavior of presenting an honesty and accuracy nudge at the beginning of the tax preparation process. The nudge reminded taxpayers of their responsibility to complete the return accurately and honestly, and was intended to keep this responsibility in the forefront of their minds while completing returns. The nudge did not produce detectible changes in income reporting or taxes paid.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dr0853v Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Kennedy, Patrick Linos, Elizabeth Ramesh, Aparna Rothstein, Jesse https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wz8401x <p>The COVID-19 crisis has led to historically unprecedented increases in the level of initial Unemployment Insurance (UI) claims filed in California since the start of the crisis in mid-March. Through a partnership with the Labor Market Information Division of the California Employment Development Department, the California Policy Lab is analyzing daily initial UI claims to provide an in-depth and near real-time look at how the COVID-19 crisis is impacting various industries, regions, counties, and types of workers throughout California.&nbsp;</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wz8401x Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Bell, Alex Hedin, Thomas Schnorr, Geoffrey von Wachter, Till https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fp4d0t2 <p>Assembly Bill 1076 proposes to extend automatic record clearance in California to certain eligible arrests and convictions. If passed, the California Department of Justice (CA DOJ) would, beginning in 2021, identify persons eligible for relief and grant relief without requiring the person to file a petition.&nbsp;The California Policy Lab (CPL) created a computer program to identify eligible arrests and convictions using CA DOJ’s Automated Criminal History System (ACHS). We found that&nbsp;1 in 8 Californians with a criminal record are potentially eligible to have their full record cleared.&nbsp;Further, approximately 81% of persons with a criminal record are potentially eligible for relief of at least one arrest or conviction (approximately 1.8 million persons in the study cohort).</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fp4d0t2 Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Mooney, Alyssa Skog, Alissa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6504d11d Using data from the Los Angeles Unified School District, we find that attending a newly constructed school yields improvements in test scores, attendance, and teacher-reported measures of student effort. These results suggest attending a newly constructed school for four years can eliminate almost half of the math achievement gap between LAUSD students and the state average, and almost 20% of the English gap. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6504d11d Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Lafortune, Julien Schönholzer, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nn3d9nr In October 2017, the San Francisco Public Defender’s Office piloted the Pre-Trial Release Unit (PRU) to enhance access to pre-arraignment legal representation for indigent arrestees. Using data provided by the Office, this study finds the pilot program doubled the likelihood of release at arraignment – from 14% to 28% for arrestees who received arrest-responsive interventions from the PRU. The intervention is projected to save approximately 11,200 jail bed-days per year at an annual cost of approximately $335,000. Furthermore, the PRU’s efforts to advocate for the dismissal of parole holds reduced pre-trial incarceration by 44%, or an average of 9.5 days, among eligible parolees who were held in custody for violation of their parole orders. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nn3d9nr Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Yarmosky, Alena https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d4374bp <p>This article asks whether small changes to community college courses and programs can help improve student outcomes. We use administrative data from the California Community College system, including millions of student records and detailed course-level information for most career-technical education programs in the state. We construct a summary measure of each program’s flexibility, incorporating many components of the availability and scheduling of its courses. We show considerable variation in this flexibility measure across programs and over time. An increase in a program’s flexibility is associated with increases in enrollment and completions, but not with changes in its completion rate.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d4374bp Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Grosz, Michel Kurlaender, Michal Stevens, Ann https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bc4b11w <p>The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) distributes more than $60 billion to over 20 million low-income families annually. Nevertheless, an estimated one-fifth of eligible households do not claim it. We ran six pre-registered, large-scale field experiments to test whether “nudges” could increase EITC take-up (N=1million). Despite varying the content, design, messenger, and mode of our messages, we find no evidence that they affected households’ likelihood of filing a tax return or claiming the credit. We conclude that even the most behaviorally informed low-touch outreach efforts cannot overcome the barriers faced by low-income households who do not file returns.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bc4b11w Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Linos, Elizabeth Prohofsky, Allen Ramesh, Aparna Rothstein, Jesse Unrath, Matt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/455309xh <p>We review the linking of datasets that contain identifying information (e.g., names, birthdates) but not unique common identifiers for each individual. We discuss strategies for identifying matches in three families: rules-based matching, supervised machine learning, and unsupervised machine learning. These vary in the ways that they combine human knowledge with computing power. We define different measures of accuracy and explore the performance of common algorithms in test data.</p><p>Our goal is to de-mystify data linking for non-technical readers. We attempt to explain the criteria that should inform the choice of linking methods, and the decisions that need to be made to implement them.</p><p>Additional resources, including code and public data referenced on pp. 26-34 is available at:&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/californiapolicylab/data-linking">https://github.com/californiapolicylab/data-linking</a>.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/455309xh Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Augustine, Elsa Reddy, Vikash Rothstein, Jesse https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44c5j3qz <p>The California Policy Lab analyzed responses from more than 64,000 adults in the United States experiencing both sheltered and unsheltered homelessness. Unsheltered adults are far more likely to report suffering from chronic health conditions, mental health issues, and experiences with trauma and substance abuse problems as compared to homeless people who are living in shelters. As policymakers design interventions for unsheltered individuals and balance investments in emergency housing and permanent housing, they will need to consider whether emergency housing is adequate or appropriate for a highly vulnerable population, half of whom are trimorbid.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44c5j3qz Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Rountree, Janey Hess, Nathan Lyke, Austin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jz1z84f <p>In the admissions cycle that began in November 2016, UC Berkeley carried out the second year of a pilot experiment with letters of recommendation. Unlike other highly selective universities, Berkeley has never previously asked applicants to submit letters from teachers and guidance counselors. This may limit the information available for use in holistic review, and some at Berkeley think that as the university gets more selective it is getting harder to make informed decisions with the evidence available. Others, however, are concerned that students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not have access to adults who can write strong letters, and that the use of letters will further disadvantage these students.</p><p>In the pilot experiment, a subset of applicants was invited to submit letters of recommendation if they wished. Any submitted letters were incorporated into the “second read” evaluations of their applications. I evaluate the impact of this on the outcomes of applicants... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jz1z84f Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Rothstein, Jesse https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25v3r8wk <p>California needs a centralized authority for linking the state’s administrative data. Legislators are focusing on new&nbsp;<em>datasets</em>&nbsp;and data&nbsp;<em>systems</em>, which is a step in the right direction.&nbsp;But what the state truly needs is a new&nbsp;<em>office</em>&nbsp;with a clear mandate to link the state’s core data assets, a clear set of tools for doing so, and governance that ensures data are used to inform program improvement. Think of it as the state’s Census Bureau – or “Statistics&nbsp; California.”</p><p>We propose here a roadmap toward that goal: (1) create a new, independent office with the mandate and expertise to link data across siloes, (2) sequence the linkage process by starting with education and expanding outward, and (3) establish streamlined governance that makes data available to improve state policies and programs.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25v3r8wk Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 White, Evan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17f8g8s0 Over 150,000 low- and moderate-income California high school graduates each year are eligible for CalGrant entitlement awards, which can cover full tuition and most fees at any of the three public higher education segments in the state, or can make substantial contributions toward tuition at private colleges. Unfortunately, many eligible students don’t take up the awards. Many may not be aware of their eligibility, know how to navigate the system, or feel like these funds are truly meant for them. In 2017-8, the California Policy Lab worked with the California Student Aid Commission to design and test more effective notifications to eligible high school seniors. The redesigned letters were clearer, shorter, and encouraged students to think of themselves as college-bound. The results were promising. Students who received the redesigned letters were much more likely to take the first step toward claiming the award than a randomly selected comparison group. Future analyses will measure... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17f8g8s0 Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Linos, Elizabeth Reddy, Vikash Rothstein, Jesse https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wn9h65x The top one percent of arrestees in San Francisco (“high users”) account for approximately seven percent of all arrests. Property crimes, both felony and misdemeanor, are the most frequent charge in both high user arrests and cases filed by the District Attorney. High users are predominantly male and fall between 30 and 50 years old. African Americans, though 6% of San Francisco’s population, constitute almost 50% of the high user cohort. San Francisco’s high user cohort also faces significant economic insecurity: more than half accessed safety-net benefits from the Human Services Agency during the study period. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wn9h65x Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Skog, Alissa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n71z0wk In 2014, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation began a demonstration of theEnhanced Drug and Contraband Interdiction Program at 11 prisons in California. Using data provided bythe Department, this study finds that the intensive version of the program yielded a 23% decline in failurerates of random drug tests over the period studied, and a reduction in the number of cellphone violations,but that these same institutions experienced increased levels of drug-related rules violations. Themoderate program had no discernable impact on drug abuse in the prisons in which it was tested. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n71z0wk Mon, 1 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Raphael, Steven Lofstrom, Magnus Martin, Brandon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hb3p85d <p>Research shows that dual enrollment—a practice in which high school students take college courses while they are still in high school—has multiple benefits for student success in both systems. To capitalize on those benefits, California and other states have moved in recent years to increase high school students’ access to college courses.&nbsp;</p><p>In California, the historical lack of an integrated state data system that connects information from K-12 to higher education has hampered efforts to understand the extent of dual enrollment here. The prevailing narrative has been that California lags other states and the nation in dual enrollment, which is offered in 89% of U.S. high schools, with 11% of all high school students participating nationally.</p><p>This brief, released in partnership with&nbsp;<a href="https://education.ucdavis.edu/wheelhouse-center-community-college-leadership-and-research">Wheelhouse</a>, the Center for Community College Leadership and Research,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hb3p85d Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Friedman, Elizabeth Kurlaender, Michel Li, Alice Rumberger, Russell https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77q8k045 <p>The California Policy Lab found that a majority (74%) of people who enrolled to receive homeless services in Los Angeles between 2010 and 2018 had worked in California before enrolling for services. Over one third (37%) worked in the two years prior to receiving homeless services, and about one in five (19%) of individuals were working in the same calendar quarter that they enrolled to receive services. This report provides an in-depth analysis of employment dynamics for people before, during, and after homelessness. The report includes an analysis of quarterly and annual employment rates, earnings, and differences among various groups, with a focus on “recent workers” who had worked within three or four years prior to enrolling for services and who tended to have higher employment rates and earnings than the rest of the sample.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77q8k045 Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 von Wachter, Till Schnorr, Geoffrey Riesch, Nefara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mn75943 <p>The Racial and Identity Profiling Act (RIPA) of 2015 was enacted in order to better identify and mitigate race-based and identity-based bias in policing. The law requires California police departments to record data on stops made by police officers, including fields such as perceived identity and demographics, reasoning for stops and searches, and the outcome of each encounter. RIPA does not explicitly distinguish between vehicle or pedestrian stops.</p><p>In December of 2019, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) RIPA Board (the Board) requested that Dr. Emily Owens of the California Policy Lab (CPL) conduct an analysis of the RIPA data and provide a report to the Board, in order to better understand any patterns that the data revealed. This report provides a place-based analysis of all stops made by the LAPD from July 2018 – October 2019.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-60077... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mn75943 Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Owens, Emily Rosenquist, Jaclyn https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47m9s7qt <p>In 2018, the California legislature passed Senate Bill 10 (SB 10) to end the practice of cash bail throughout the state. The law enacted other pretrial reforms, including requiring that counties use a validated risk assessment to inform pretrial release decisions, develop pretrial supervision programs, and release defendants unless detention is necessary for public safety or to guarantee appearance at trial. Implementation of the law has been stalled pending Proposition 25, a referendum on the ballot in November 2020. If the referendum passes and SB 10 is implemented, the law will significantly change pretrial practice throughout the state. However, there is little empirical evidence about how these changes to the pretrial system might affect release rates and jail populations. In this brief, we use detailed data from two counties with different histories of pretrial reform — San Francisco and Sonoma — to estimate the potential effect of the law on release and detention prior... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47m9s7qt Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Skog, Alissa Augustine, Elsa Lacoe, Johanna Bird, Mia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ks582c4 <p>Jurisdictions across the country offer programs to divert people out of standard criminal justice processes and into programs designed to deter future crime by addressing the underlying causes of the criminal activity. However, San Francisco is unique for providing diversion programs to individuals with more complex needs, including those with longer criminal histories and those charged with felonies. Approximately 16,000 people were referred to seven diversion programs offered through San Francisco’s Collaborative Courts and Pretrial Diversion between 2008 and 2018. The programs vary in terms of the intended population served, capacity, participation requirements, and duration. This report examines referral, enrollment, and completion rates for these seven programs and describes the demographics of participants as well as their pre-program and post-program interactions with the criminal justice system. While this paper does not evaluate causal relationships between referrals... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ks582c4 Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Augustine, Elsa Skog, Alissa Lacoe, Johanna Raphael, Steven https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k1926v3 <p>Counties across California report that a large bulk of government programs and services are used by a relatively small group of familiar faces who cycle in and out of hospitals, homeless shelters, behavioral health programs, and jails. This report focuses on “high utilizers” in Sonoma County who use government programs and services provided in five domains: physical health, behavioral health, housing, human services, and criminal justice. While high utilizers in Sonoma County represent approximately 1% of the county population, they account for an average of 26% of jail time, 28% of annual costs for behavioral health services, and 52% of nights in housing or shelters provided to the homeless.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k1926v3 Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Augustine, Elsa White, Evan B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ss1n94k <p>We found that the&nbsp;Permanent Supportive Housing&nbsp;program intervention was able to house 86 percent of chronically homeless adults randomized to the treatment group based on their high use of multiple systems who were randomized to the treatment group. On average, it took 2.5&nbsp;months for participants randomized to housing to become housed and 70 percent moved at least once, demonstrating that PSH can be successful with high‐risk participants but requires time and flexibility.</p><p>By using a randomized controlled trial design, we found that those randomized to housing (versus usual care) had lower use of psychiatric emergency departments and shelters, but did not have large reductions in service use described in previous uncontrolled studies.</p><p>This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ss1n94k Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Raven, Maria C Niedzwiecki, Matthew J Kushel, Margot https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15k6d98m <p>We use traditional and non-traditional data to measure the collapse and partial recovery of the U.S. labor market from March to early July, contrast this downturn to previous recessions, and provide preliminary evidence on the effects of the policy response. For hourly workers at both small and large businesses, nearly all of the decline in employment occurred between March 14 and 28. It was driven by low-wage services, particularly the retail and leisure and hospitality sectors. A large share of the job losses in small businesses reflected firms that closed entirely, though many subsequently reopened. Firms that were already unhealthy were more likely to close and less likely to reopen, and disadvantaged workers were more likely to be laid off and less likely to return. Most laid off workers expected to be recalled, and this was predictive of rehiring. Shelter-in-place orders drove only a small share of job losses. Last, states that received more small business loans from... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15k6d98m Tue, 23 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Bartik, Alexander Bertrand, Marianne Lin, Feng Rothstein, Jesse Unrath, Matthew https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s67t6gt <p>On any given night, nearly 60,000 people experience homelessness in Los Angeles County, and an estimated 141,000 are homeless in any given year. In response to this growing crisis, voters in Los Angeles County passed Measure H, agreeing to increase their taxes to add an estimated $355 million in homeless services each year. As reported in the 2018–19 Measure H 15-Month Report Card, tens of thousands of people were housed and/or linked to intensive services as a result. Yet, the homeless population continues to grow as inflow outpaces exits to permanent housing. In 2019, despite the fact that thousands of people were served by Measure H services, the homeless population in Los Angeles County (as measured by the Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count) grew by 12%. To help reduce inflows and to reach people before they become homeless, the Board of Supervisors approved Measure H spending plans for Fiscal Years 2017–18 and 2018–19 that included $5.5 million and $17 million, respectively,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s67t6gt Tue, 23 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 von Wachter, Till Rountree, Janey Buenaventura, Maya Blackwell, Brian Obermark, Dean https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18r6m0zp <p>Reports on a session of the PACE conference held on February 1, 2019, that brought together experts to discuss a set of essential questions California must consider as it develops a new coordinated data system.</p><p>Governor Gavin Newsom’s budget proposal for 2019–2020 includes $10 million to develop a statewide longitudinal data system—including early education, K–12, and higher education institutions as well as health and human services agencies— to better track student outcomes and improve alignment of the education system to workforce needs. California’s lack of a coherent education database serves as a substantial barrier to fulfilling the state’s continuous improvement policy goal and ensuring all students have access to robust learning opportunities to enable them to be successful in school and beyond. This brief reports on a session of the PACE conference held on February 1, 2019, that brought together experts to discuss a set of essential questions California must... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18r6m0zp Tue, 15 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Koppich, Julia E White, Evan Kim, Simon Lauck, Marcy Bookman, Noah Venezia, Andrea