http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/irvine_law_oapdeposits/rss Recent eScholarship items from Open Access Policy Deposits Mon, 3 Aug 2026 17:31:32 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zc2f334 Money's technologies have undergone rapid change since the global financial crisis altered people's credit, debt and payment practices, and revenue models from new entrants into the business of moving money began to disrupt the banks and card networks. Anthropologists and other social scientists have only just begun researching the world of payment technology–but they are not alone in being newcomers to the field, the area having been largely the domain of payment industry professionals, not scholarly researchers. This entry provides a historical overview of anthropologists’ and others’ engagement with payment infrastructures, taking note of its relationship to allied work in social studies of money and finance. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zc2f334 Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36w492cd Does Money Matter? Abstraction and Substitution in Alternative Financial Forms https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36w492cd Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, WM https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0963010h Value transfer and rent: Or, i didn’t realize my payment was your annuity https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0963010h Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, B https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fh9x1jr Credit Crisis Religion https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fh9x1jr Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, B https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8md8g026 That Touch of Money https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8md8g026 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c70b2g4 The digital revolution is changing money, moving it from paper and coins to mobile devices, smart cards and virtual worlds. From ethnographic studies of existing sites of monetary innovation, Intel social scientists and designers have been exploring future implications of the emerging landscape of digital payment, transfer and banking methods on everyday life. Here is a short animated video which sketches some possible future scenarios. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c70b2g4 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, WM https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Mainwaring, S George, C Hirsch, T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75c5w43g "Belonging," Citizenship and Flexible Specialization in a Caribbean Tax Haven (British Virgin Islands) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75c5w43g Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tb298n1 This article considers how the field of Caribbean Studies constructed and defined its objects of study. It critically reflects on the history of the field, drawing mainly from the discipline of anthropology but also attending to the institutional sites of scholarly production and their impact on the worlding of the Caribbean as an 'area' fit for 'area studies'. As it does so, the paper considers the limits of the modes of fact-making implicit in Caribbean Studies, the scalar imaginaries bound up in it, and their implications for the problems of generalizability and distinctiveness subtending social inquiry and 'area' formations more broadly. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tb298n1 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, WM https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ch4b1d3 From the Editors https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ch4b1d3 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Merry, Sally Engle https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r77c02w Statemaking at the Fringes of Development https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r77c02w Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Merry, Sally Engle https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58z1v4xr This article is the result of our inquiry into two proximate fields in which issues of law, custom and markets arise in sociolegal scholarship and praxis: the mid-20th century jurisprudence of the legal realist Karl Llewellyn and the contemporary debates surrounding efforts by tribal governments in the U.S. to issue tax-exempt bonds. Both are sites for efforts by legal scholars and practitioners to grapple with the convergence of social categories that, until very recently, are normally held apart – Native Americans, law, and commerce. We first explore Llewellyn’s efforts at drafting the Uniform Commercial Code, and the extent to which in this and his The Cheyenne Way (written at virtually the same time), he drew considerable influence from the American pragmatist philosophical tradition. In so doing, we find that his jurisprudence and lawmaking (often maligned for its circular reasoning) can be better understood as an effort to announce a philosophy of law and enact commercial... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58z1v4xr Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Richland, Justin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p02945c Articulating Islamic Knowledge to an American Dream: Islamic Home Financing Alternatives after September 11, 2001 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p02945c Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nn906nq This paper draws from a specific ethnographic example to elucidate the connections among gender, sexuality, eroticism,. and work, and argues for a method of analysis encompassing both the symbolic and the economic. Symbolic meanings embodied in sexuality cannot be reduced to the gendered economics of production and reproduction, yet neither can production and reproduction be explained away or ignored completely by a symbolic approach. In the Commonwealth of Dominica in the West Indies, men' s work and sexuality are linguistically marked and conceptualized as highly differentiated. Women's sexuality and work, on the other band, are unmarked and undetermined. Parallel meanings are attached to work and to sexuality, and these parallel meanings inform an economic and symbolic system in which women' s power over their own bodies and economies is undermined. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nn906nq Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cb8w8j5 The British Virgin Islands became a tax haven shortly after the U.K. enacted changes to citizenship policy for itself and its colonies. The new citizenship law disaggregated an old citizenship category into several new categories and emphasized legal paternity and descent rather than place of birth. The law encouraged BVIslanders to position themselves against increasing numbers of immigrants from other Caribbean islands by imagining BVIslander identity as an attribute of descent, thereby naturalizing it. Citizenship law also enabled BVIslander legislators to craft tax haven services in the BVI for another new class of foreigners—the British. BVIslanders and immigrants recreate their families in order to guarantee the “stability” required by this new industry, while BVIslanders monopolize the few good jobs created and shunt immigrants into menial work. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cb8w8j5 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22q4d1sf Recent calls for ‘cashlessness’ – for abolishing paper money as a medium of exchange – draw attention to the operations of payment, the act of value transfer through electronic and other infrastructures. Exploring payment infrastructures and their multiplication through new networks, especially but not limited to mobile telecommunications, this paper argues that the attempt to eliminate cash from the palette of payment ‘choices’ throws into relief the role of the state as arbiter of value, and the credibility of institutions, persons, and networks subtending value. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22q4d1sf Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, B https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11d6h2cg Alternative Globalizations: Community and Conflict in New Cultures of Finance https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11d6h2cg Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, William https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tv9g7hn Children of Mixed Marriages on Virgin Soil: Citizenship, Descent and Place in the British Virgin Islands https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tv9g7hn Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/041558p0 Subjects of Law, Objects of Politics https://escholarship.org/uc/item/041558p0 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Merry, Sally Engle https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n44q39b Review Symposium: Michel Callon’s Markets in the Making: Rethinking Competition, Goods, and Innovation. Zone Books https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n44q39b Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Callon, Michel Langley, Paul Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Mitchell, Timothy Roth, Alvin Caliskan, Koray https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9k86m3dr In her foundational study of Neolithic clay tokens, the renowned archaeologist Denise Schmandt-Besserat identified that different token shapes represented different goods and were used in accounting and distribution. When these tokens came to be stored in sealed clay envelopes (likely representing a debt), each token was impressed on the outside of the envelope before being placed inside (thus allowing people to see quickly what was within). Three-dimensional objects were thus reduced to two-dimensional representations, the first form of writing (and contributing to cuneiform script). These clay envelopes in turn developed into pictographic tablets; here each token did not have to be impressed into the clay in a 'one, one, one' system, but instead quantity was indicated by a numerical symbol - abstract number was born. Much of Schmandt-Besserat’s work can be found online at https://sites.utexas.edu/dsb/. Her book ‘How Writing Came About’ was listed by American Scientist magazine... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9k86m3dr Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wilding, Denise Rowan, Clare Maurer, Bill Schmandt-Besserat, Denise Wilding, Denise Rowan, Clare Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Schmandt-Besserat, Denise https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vx7m3bs There are a thousand more silly ideas for every utopian blockchain project to heal the planet, foster financial justice, transform cultural production or democratize practically anything and everything. Non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) are one of them. The funny thing is that the more you pick at them, the more they harmonize with certain longstanding anthropological arguments. Non‐fungibility lurks in the anthropological imagination of non‐capitalist economies. This article uses the common law of fungibility to explore the elevation of the very idea of non‐fungibility presumed in many NFTs. This idea might have more in common with saints’ incorruptible flesh or the Crown Jewels than the standard fictions of capitalist finance. They cut social ties by insisting on their singularity and immutability. In doing so, they crowd out other blockchain conversations about regeneration and ways to reckon the debts we owe any number of possible futures. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vx7m3bs Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r44z99q Payments are political in that they are a function of state sovereignty, and also an extension of it. This is old news, of course: money itself emanates from state sovereignty. But digital payments, obviating the anonymity of cash transactions and generating vast quantities of data in their wake, provide new opportunities for states to extend their reach. These politics of payments are not, of course, limited to authoritarian regimes. Payment providers have been enlisted into government service almost since their inception, whether in the tracking of cash to hamper criminal activities or in the regulations around customer due diligence and identification for cross‐boundary payments of all kinds. With more attention to payments, and payment data, people can also hear the rumblings of another politics. Data activism has emerged as a potential social movement and political force. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r44z99q Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, By Bill https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76t9d6fg Money from nothing: indebtedness and aspiration in South Africa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76t9d6fg Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tp6h2xf Feathers, beads, shells, copper bracelets, and giant stones – objects that Western observers have assumed serve the functions of money in so-called simple societies and other non-Western contexts – come in all shapes and sizes. This chapter reviews the literature on “primitive” currencies, from early ethnology to contemporary anthropology and archeology. Showing how analysts frequently misunderstood the use of such objects in context, it hones in on the social relationships and political systems those objects operated within and reflects back on the limitations of the Western imagination of currency revealed by what collectors call “odd and curious money.” It also takes up the question of whether and how standards determine value and expands the social scientific vocabulary for the diversity of forms of political authority that constitute money. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tp6h2xf Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gq473kd Money, Rank and the Frailty of Authority: Schurtz’s World and Ours. An Outline of the Origins of Money By Heinrich Schurtz. Translated and Annotated and With an Introduction by Enrique Martino and Mario Schmidt (eds.), HAU Books, London. 2024. 274 pp. ISBN: 9781914363078 [paperback]; ISBN: 9781914363276 [PDF]; ISBN: 9781914363283 [e‐book]. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gq473kd Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f9620xk Jane Guyer’s negative capability https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f9620xk Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c41f04n Book review: Crowdfunding and the Democratization of Finance https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c41f04n Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6770q9sf Professor Bill Maurer is a renowned cultural anthropologist who conducts research on law, property, money and finance, focusing on the technological infrastructures and social relations of exchange and payment. Professor Maurer graduated from Stanford University in 1994 with a PhD in Anthropology. He moved to UC Irvine in 1996 as Assistant Professor, going on to become Chair of UC Irvine’s Department of Anthropology (2005-2011) and Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences (2011-2013). In July 2013 he assumed his current role as Dean of UC Irvine’s School of Social Sciences. Professor Maurer has published on topics ranging from offshore financial services to mobile phone-enabled money transfers, Islamic finance, alternative currencies, and the future of money. He is founding director of the Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and was the founding co-director of the Intel Science... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6770q9sf Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Tooker, Lauren Tooker, Lauren https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6566h79b Schmidt, Mario, and Sandy Ross (eds.): Money Counts. Revisiting Economic Calculation. New York: Berghahn Books, 2020. 141 pp. ISBN 978-​1-​78920-​685-​2. (Studies in Social Analysis, 10) Price: € 30,99 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6566h79b Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6224v9hr In a recent issue (Vol. 67, No. 2), we published a new translation, by Matthew Carey, of Claude Lévi-Strauss's seminal but often overlooked essay “The Mathematics of Man,” which was originally published in French in 1956. As Susanne Küchler suggested in her introduction to the text, Lévi-Strauss's insistence on seeing mathematics as more than just a means of quantification and statistical analysis should be of enduring inspiration to anthropologists interested in how models and other forms of patterned transformation operate within social and cultural life, as well as in how we attempt as anthropologists to gain an analytical handle on them. In continued collaboration with Küchler, in the present issue we have invited anthropologists whose work speaks to these concerns to comment on the contemporary relevance of Lévi-Strauss's argument, encouraging them to be as explicit about the shortcomings and potential dangers of Lévi-Strauss's call to mathematics as they may be of its enduring... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6224v9hr Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martin, John Levi Seaver, Nick Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Moutu, Andrew Rio, Knut Corona, Alonso Rodrigo Zamora Agbetu, Toyin Green, Sarah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mr4r4sr ABSTRACT Experiments in money often recapitulate long‐standing human concerns over finality and fixity, despite money's reference points in political authority, trust, and the memorialization of relationships of credit and debt. From the point of view of the primary set of infrastructures facilitating the movement of money in 2050, those concerns are misplaced. Recounting the history of those infrastructures, this love letter from a future intelligence is addressed to those humans who would reimagine money so that they will recognize the human and technical infrastructures on which it has always depended. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mr4r4sr Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53f9h2w7 Crypto, charisma, and Trump's chaos economy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53f9h2w7 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Vasantkumar, Chris Trnka, Susanna Grayman, Jesse Hession Wynn, LL https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vf6c5cf Interview with Bill Maurer https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vf6c5cf Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Silva, Patrícia Kunrath https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v20t1wd From its traditional concern with ‘primitive’ moneys and definitional quandaries over the nature of money in small-scale and nonmarket societies, anthropology more recently has considered money’s meanings in multiple, overlapping spatial, cultural, and temporal milieu, as well as the pragmatics of money – what it does and how it signifies, rather than what it is or what it signifies. Early twenty-first century business interests in divesting the state of its monopoly over the legitimate means of exchange open new frontiers for the anthropology of money and value. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v20t1wd Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, WM https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sr333cj The Work of Teaching the Canon: Reflections on Jim Ferguson’s Legacy at UC Irvine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sr333cj Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Boellstorff, Tom https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-3747 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Zhan, Mei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nx5x8xz Markets and finance have long attracted ethnographic interest but the nature of their activity – opaque, secretive and increasingly placeless – precludes traditional ethnographic fieldwork. In this article, we propose documents as an alternative access point to these organisations as an ethnographic object of enquiry. Documents do not only present a written record, but they also enact relationships and encode tacit understandings. We develop Geertz’s work on the bazaar by taking an indirect route to access the field site – collateralised debt obligation – through documents. In reading these documents, we assume the position of investors who, in the absence of alternative publicly available information, are dependent on the documentary accounts made available to them by the sellers. These media act in ways that are similar to tourist guidebooks, a comparison we use to reframe the exchange as one that builds upon sociocultural relations rather than the abstract market relationships... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nx5x8xz Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Tischer, Daniel Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Leaver, Adam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48n3v5xc Studies of identity politics have often overlooked the role of bourgeois law in eliciting and confirming people's experience of themselves as persons with inherent qualities that they have a right to express. By constituting people as proprietors of their persons and capacities, bourgeois law requires those who come before it to display difference. Yet bourgeois law disclaims its role in producing difference, for by declaring all men equal before the law, in constitutes differences as developed outside its purview. Although the cultural logic of bourgeois law encourages people to imagine themselves as unique persons with rights, people achieve rights only through specific historical struggles. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48n3v5xc Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Collier, Jane F Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Suarez‐Navaz, Liliana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4175n6sc What is the source of ethnographic truth? One might just as well ask what is the real economy, for neither has a clear-cut empirical referent. Critical efforts to counter economic abstractions or finance’s fictions often seek a grounding truth in something “real.” In anthropology, this has meant variously the household (oikos) or kinship, or the lived experiences that ethnography supposedly evokes. But none of these concepts are innocent. This essay considers efforts like this special colloquium in HAU and allied projects like the Gens Manifesto, by way of a detour through method acting and the history of other anthropological attempts to theorize the connections among different economic formations. The focus on the real economy falters wherever there are seams or articulations among diverse or plural practices delimited as economic. Ethnography falters when we see it as a representation of a reality rather than as a bridge permitting conversions from one form of action to others.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4175n6sc Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qr5618s How would you like to pay: how technology is changing the future of money https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qr5618s Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McGoun, Skip https://escholarship.org/uc/item/39w1m5qw Ten individuals who played key roles in formalizing veterans studies at American universities or within professional associations reflect on the field’s origins, key developments, institutional support, social and historical influences, and its evolution over time. Their responses, condensed and edited for clarity, elucidate the invisible, arduous, and complex labor involved in attempting to establish an academic discipline in 21st century America. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/39w1m5qw Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Grohowski, Mariana Dubinsky, James M Avilés-Santiago, Manuel G Bradford, Anita Casavantes Craig, Jim Hart, D Alexis Hinton, Corrine Hodges, Eric Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 Pencek, Bruce Wright, Wanda https://escholarship.org/uc/item/396738vj From the founding of the University of California (UC), Irvine School of Social Sciences in 1964, anthropologists were supposed to learn math. James March, the founding dean (who would go on to become a major figure in organizational sociology), had joined the campus from the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh (later, Carnegie Mellon), bringing with him its vision of interdisciplinary social science unified by a commitment to mathematics, formal models, cognitive theorizing, and computational methods (Kavanagh 2020). The undergraduate curriculum in the new school required math or statistics every quarter for the first three years of study—nine courses in math, minimum, before graduation. The first year also included a required “Introduction to Analysis” course, which was taught by March himself. This course turned into a textbook, coauthored with founding faculty member Charles Lave: An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences (Lave and March 1975). A copy was... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/396738vj Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Seaver, Nick Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34d140w6 Bankers and Empire: How Wall Street Colonized the Caribbean, by Peter James Hudson https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34d140w6 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ds8m3xw Data forward: an afterword https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ds8m3xw Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1444m36s Money's ends and epistemic burdens https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1444m36s Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fc1z9h4 Partant de la démonétisation en 2016 des grosses coupures en roupies indiennes, cet essai reconsidère la position chartaliste sur le «&nbsp;don&nbsp;» d’argent de l’État et s’inspire de Marilyn Strathern sur les distinctions entre partage, emprunt et vol. Keynes a fait valoir que l’argent devait avoir un pédigrée, une lignée continue. La démonétisation semble interrompre cette lignée. Dans le contexte plus large de la numérisation et de la dématérialisation de l’argent, la dématérialisation n’est pas simplement une redénomination des billets matériels, mais une affirmation de l’autorité de l’État à «&nbsp;écrire le dictionnaire&nbsp;» de l’argent, alors que de nouveaux débats politiques et des lobbies se forment autour des infrastructures monétaires, tant publiques que privées. La démonétisation peut couper la lignée et affirmer le contrôle de l’État, mais, après Mauss, la lignée brisée offre aux gens l’occasion de ressentir la possibilité de renouer des relations à travers d’autres... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fc1z9h4 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t97z0r9 Problem, research strategy, and findings: Multigenerational living arrangements have become more common in the United States as housing costs rise and family structures evolve. Accessory dwelling units (ADUs) could support this shift by allowing relatives to live nearby while maintaining privacy and independence, and advocates have invoked this promise to justify laws intended to facilitate ADU development. In the past decade, at least eight U.S. states have adopted such laws. We present the first large-scale, parcel-level test of this claim, linking permit records from 14 California counties, covering approximately two-thirds of the state’s population, to geocoded voter registration and consumer reference data, identifying multigenerational households from shared surnames and age differences across single-family parcels. Parcels with ADU permits are, on average, slightly less likely to be multigenerational than comparable parcels without permits, by roughly 2 to 3 percentage... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t97z0r9 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Marantz, NJ Tanrisever, I Kim, JH https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv6q3h7 Small Suburbs, Large Lots: How the Scale of Land-Use Regulation Affects Housing Affordability, Equity, and the Climate https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv6q3h7 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Biber, Eric Gualco-Nelson, Giulia Marantz, Nicholas O&#x27;Neill, Moira https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5358m0zc Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in the United States develop long-range Regional transportation plans (RTPs), which are required in order for municipalities to receive federal funds for transportation projects. Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires MPOs to submit an equity analysis to demonstrate that their RTPs do not discriminate against protected groups. This paper (i) identifies and evaluates the current range of practices in transportation equity analysis in RTPs for the largest MPOs, and (ii) provides practical steps for MPOs to improve their equity analyses. To identify the range of practices, we assess how MPOs define equity goals, identify populations of concern, integrate their equity analysis into their RTP documents, use community input, and whether they meet or exceed legal standards. Additionally, we evaluate how MPOs use travel forecasting models in their equity analyses and the quality of their models; we also describe practical steps... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5358m0zc Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cabello, Maxwell Hyland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8394-8064 Marantz, Nicholas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h63f7b6 Examining Entitlement in California to Inform Policy and Process: Advancing Social Equity in Housing Development Patterns https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h63f7b6 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 O&#x27;Neill, Moira Biber, Eric Gualco-Nelson, Giulia Marantz, Nicholas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z78q5zj California’s seminal Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008—Senate Bill (SB) 375—includes two provisions specifically intended to help streamline transit-oriented development (TOD) projects through environmental review (California SB 375, 2008). One provision exempts qualifying TODs from environmental review entirely. The other provision streamlines environmental review for qualifying projects. This study explores the use and effect of those provisions. We first quantify how much and where the provisions have been used. We then use interviews and email communications with planning and development practitioners to explore why streamlining is used, whether streamlining actually helps reduce the time, cost, and uncertainty of permitting TOD projects, and how streamlining could be improved to better facilitate TOD projects. We find that SB 375 streamlining is a mixed bag. Neither streamlining provision has been used extensively. The full exemption appears to have... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z78q5zj Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Affolter, Bailey Volker, Jamey Marantz, Nicholas Pike, Susan DeLeon, Graham https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6226x6m4 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2026.100675.]. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6226x6m4 Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cole, Simon A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-6219 Schamp, Myleigh https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87n3q074 Executive Summary: The National Fluid Power Association hosts the Fluid Power Vehicle Challenge, a competition that challenges students to create a vehicle powered by hydraulic components. The competition consists of 4 events, which respectively test the speed, endurance, efficiency, and regenerative braking capabilities of the vehicle. Zotdraulics is creating a tricycle that translates human input into hydraulic power, focusing on speed and endurance. Objectives Our primary aim is to build a trike with an integrated hydraulic system which can operate in three states (Direct drive, Charging and Regenerative Braking). We also seek to build a foundational understanding which future UCI Teams may build upon. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/87n3q074 Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jimenez, Adrian Trejo, Ben Kwok, Elaine Lin, Ian Gines, Karen Tsui, Steven https://escholarship.org/uc/item/532817sx The overall objective for HyperXite 9 was to design and build a more robust, and reliable pod, capable of proving the feasibility of a high-speed transportation system. We are working to improve a linear induction motor as the pod's propulsion system. We are also designing and implementing a thermal cooling system to actively dissipate the heat generated by this propulsion system. Our team is comprised of the following 7 subteams: Static Structures, Braking &amp; Pneumatics, Dynamic Structures, Propulsion, Power Systems, Control Systems, and Outreach. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/532817sx Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Antony, Jacob Chin, Anthony Whaley, Christopher Hsing, Allen Eslava, Aaron Trauger, Andrew Diaz, Angel Licos, Angelina Chau, Brian Chung, Brigitte Kang, Calvin Parker, Crew Pena, Daniel Kim, Dillon Li, Harbour Ng, Jefferson Nguyen, Joshua Nguyen, Kaitlyn Haddad, Marc Stark, Max Veloya, Nicol Koo, Rachael Goja, Riya Mawlawi, Ryan Quach, Ryan Scholin, Rye Der, Sam Mehra, Syona Hwang, Taesung Ngo, Timothy Anand, Vrushang Ning, Oscar Solorzano, Diego Nomura, Kaydi Ko, Michelle https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wx1d240 Institutionalizing Bias: The Death Penalty, Federal Drug Prosecutions, and Mechanisms of Disparate Punishment https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wx1d240 Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lynch, Mona https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f3849d5 The Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (MDLEA) was passed in 1986 by the U.S. Congress at the height of the American drug war frenzy, further empowering the U.S. government to arrest and prosecute suspected drug traffickers nearly anywhere in the world when transporting drugs by sea. In this article, we use a case study of MDLEA prosecutions in the District of Puerto Rico to identify and delineate five distinct characteristics of criminal law's coercive capacity: (1) jurisdictional capacity; (2) defendant pool capacity; (3) charging capacity; (4) evidentiary capacity; and (5) punishment capacity. While some aspects of the MDLEA are unique, many of these capacious features are inherent to contemporary U.S. criminal law more broadly. Using data from interviews with legal actors, we show how criminal law's capacities work together to ensure convictions and long prison sentences even in the face of formal legal roadblocks. We conclude by suggesting that without scaling back the capacity... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f3849d5 Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lynch, Mona Puretz, Danielle https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bv2x6vk Abstract A central goal of Critical Race Theory (CRT) is to deconstruct the “jurisprudence of color-blindness” that is infused with the language of equality while operating to maintain racial hierarchies. Color-blind ideology extends to the procedures governing criminal juries, ensuring they are disproportionately white while constraining diversity of perspectives, especially regarding policing issues. In this paper, we merge CRT insights about color-blindness and race-consciousness in the criminal jury context and in the Fourth Amendment law governing policing, to advance empirical socio-legal scholarship on race and jury decision-making. We analyze deliberations data from mock jury groups that decided on verdict in a federal drug conspiracy trial, focusing on how groups talked about law enforcement testimony. We find that negative discussions of the law enforcement testimony is associated with shifts toward acquittal, there are more skeptical discussions about this testimony... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bv2x6vk Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lynch, Mona Laguna, Sofia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tr2h6fw Abstract When people are exposed to misleading information after an event has occurred, they frequently fall sway to its influence and report the misinformation as their own memory. This phenomenon, known as The Misinformation Effect, has been intensively studied for half a century. Here, we report on where the idea came from and what aspects of the phenomenon have been explored by scientists over this period of time. These explorations have addressed many questions, such as (1) What are the conditions under which people are more or less susceptible to misinformation? (2) Are there certain types of people who are especially susceptible to misinformation? (3) Can warnings about misinformation reduce its influence? and (4) Just how far can you go in terms of planting false ideas into people's minds? We also review work that examines the interplay between modern technology and misinformation. The Misinformation Effect teaches us about the malleability of memory, but it also has important... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tr2h6fw Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Loftus, Elizabeth F Sutton, Emily S Dianat, Aundia Hoffmann, Jessica P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b83z49w A Road Map for Law Schools: Changing Problematic Faculty Compensation Practices that Perpetuate the Gender Pay Gap https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b83z49w Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Robinson-Dorn, Trilby https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w43k4hp A response to EA-4/23 INF:2025 “The Assessment and Accreditation of Opinions and Interpretations using ISO/IEC 17025:2017” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w43k4hp Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart Biedermann, Alex Tart, Matt Meuwly, Didier Berger, Charles EH Guiness, June Houck, Max M Gibb, Caroline Dawid, A Philip Kotsoglou, Kyriakos N Kaye, David H Rose, Phil Taroni, Franco Kokshoorn, Bas Saks, Michael J Buckleton, John S Curran, James M Taylor, Duncan Zhang, Cuiling Vuille, Joëlle Champod, Christophe Simonsen, Bo Thisted Mattei, Aldo Lucena-Molina, José Juan Zabell, Sandy Chin, Jason M Gallidabino, Matteo Wevers, Gerhard Moreton, Reuben Eldridge, Heidi Martire, Kristy A Aitken, Colin GG Cole, Simon A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-6219 González-Rodríguez, Joaquín Smithuis, Michel Edvardsen, Trine Wilson-Wilde, Linzi Zadora, Grzegorz Gittelson, Simone Jackson, Graham Sjerps, Marjan Brard, Frédéric Hicks, Tacha Kennedy, Jarrah Latten, Bartholomeus GH Weber, Philip Willis, Sheila Ramos, Daniel Koehler, Jonathan J Ribeiro, Rafael Oliveira Crispino, Frank Basu, Nabanita Meakin, Georgina E Kirkbride, K Paul Tully, Gillian Jessen, Michael Court, Denise Syndercombe https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t361qm Prior research has examined individuals' perceptions of punishments (PP) and rewards (PR) for crime, as well as their use of moral disengagement (MD), to understand why adolescents and young adults commit crimes. However, the joint development of these cognitions as a broader risk-perception mechanism remains understudied. This paper explores the independent and relational development of these processes in justice-involved youth. Data from 1,170 male participants (42.1% Black, 34.0% Hispanic, 19.2% White, 4.6% Other) in the Pathways to Desistance study were analyzed using a three-variable autoregressive latent trajectory model. MD, PP, and PR were measured across 11 waves and 7 years, allowing for the simultaneous examination of individual trajectories and their bidirectional relationships from adolescence to young adulthood. Although PP increased and MD and PR decreased across adolescence, all three exhibited decelerations in their change prior to young adulthood. Moreover, bidirectional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t361qm Sat, 2 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Decrop, Romain McManamon, Bri Williams, Kaylie Houlihan, Kerry Bok, Haely Crouch Knestrick, Kaelynn Rodgers, Emma Docherty, Meagan Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fr7t4qz With the increase of digital and networked media in everyday life, researchers have increasingly turned their gaze to the symbolic and cultural elements of technologies. From studying online game communities, locative and social media to YouTube and mobile media, ethnographic approaches to digital and networked media have helped to elucidate the dynamic cultural and social dimensions of media practice. The Routledge Companion to Digital Ethnography provides an authoritative, up-to-date, intellectually broad, and conceptually cutting-edge guide to this emergent and diverse area. Features include: a comprehensive history of computers and digitization in anthropology; exploration of various ethnographic methods in the context of digital tools and network relations; consideration of social networking and communication technologies on a local and global scale; in-depth analyses of different interfaces in ethnography, from mobile technologies to digital archives. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fr7t4qz Wed, 23 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rea, Stephen C Dalinghaus, Ursula Nelms, Taylor C Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/199783f5 Restrictive housing imposes isolation in austere conditions on people who commit serious rule violations or are too dangerous (or endangered) to house in the general prison population. We contribute to a growing body of scholarship analyzing restrictive housing placements, asking how gang membership, race/ethnicity, and misconduct interact to predict placement and lengths of stay. We integrate analysis of qualitative interviews with a random sample of 106 people in long-term solitary confinement in 2017 with analysis of 15 years of administrative data, both from Washington state prisons. We find that official gang labels “stick” to people, amplifying their risk of solitary confinement placement. Being labeled a gang member doubles the odds of being placed in solitary confinement and significantly increases the duration of those stays, even controlling for criminal history characteristics and in-prison behavior. We find differences in the effect of gang membership on solitary confinement... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/199783f5 Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Tublitz, Rebecca Reiter, Keramet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-8231 Augustine, Dallas Barragan, Melissa Chesnut, Kelsie Gonzalez, Gabriela Pifer, Natalie Strong, Justin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x93868g Arctic Law: Even More Sustainable? Roles of the US and EU https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x93868g Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 DiMento, Joseph F Pierucci, Jessica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/631370gc ROUGH JUSTICE: THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN A WORLD OF POWER POLITICS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/631370gc Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kaye, David Raustiala, Kal https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5h63s6gd The Limits of Supply-Side Internet Freedom https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5h63s6gd Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kaye, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94d068zs Separation of Powers and the Judiciary Act of 1925 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94d068zs Wed, 4 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sumrall, Allen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vj3001b The Ideational Dimension of Judicial Power https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vj3001b Wed, 4 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sumrall, Allen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dd255mz This article investigates why statistical reasoning has had little impact on the practice of friction ridge (or 'fingerprint') examination, despite both interest and some modest scientific progress toward this goal. Previous research has attributed this lack of results to practitioner resistance and legal apathy. This article seeks to complement those explanations through interviews with experts with a variety of perspectives on contemporary fingerprint practice about practical and mundane obstacles to the belated statistical revolution in fingerprinting. Based on these interviews, we argue that a 'forensic device' is required to incorporate statistical reasoning into fingerprint practice. This device would consist of a robust statistical model fronted by accessible, usable software. These components, in turn, require other components, such as large research data sets, markets, early adopters, government clients, education, and training. We conclude that the statistical revolution... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dd255mz Sun, 25 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Cole, Simon A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-6219 Sola, Justin L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3z21z5dm We ask what ethical regulations govern criminal legal system research that is not “biomedical and behavioral research”—including oral history and archival projects, legal work and research, journalistic projects, big data, and multidisciplinary projects—but nonetheless takes place inside the academy? We examine ethical frameworks for research in the social sciences, as well as participatory action, oral history, archival, and data use, attending to how these academic ethical frameworks define risk and how these definitions shape resulting research, in intentional and unintentional ways. Through analysis of examples from each of these frameworks, we argue that efforts to eliminate risk often create other harms, while distracting from more fundamental ethical questions about the well-being of research subjects and data contributors in the criminal legal system. We identify an alternative to risk elimination: risk metabolization, a more collaborative and iterative approach to managing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3z21z5dm Wed, 7 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rowland, Alexis DeCaro, Joanne Reiter, Keramet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-8231 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sx8r560 Drawing on a combination of legal analysis and fieldwork conducted with prisoners and administrators in both Denmark and the United States, this article interrogates how solitary confinement has been defined and constrained – or not – in the context of U.S., European, and international law over time. Solitary confinement has existed consistently in prisons across the world, since the first prisons opened. Solitary has been surprisingly predictable over its long history: resilient to criticism, subject to ongoing debates about just how detrimental it is, and repeatedly producing instances of extreme and de-humanizing brutality. This consistency and predictability suggests substantial limitations inherent in the newest barrage of critiques leveled by courts, scholars, international human rights bodies, and professional associations against the practice of solitary confinement. Indeed, this reveals that many critiques of solitary confinement have failed because they have promoted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sx8r560 Wed, 9 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Reiter, Keramet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-8231 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zt44891 Law's Infamy Ashker v. Governor of California <i>and the Failures of Solitary Confinement Reform</i> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zt44891 Wed, 9 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Reiter, Keramet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-8231 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cm5r8g0 This article explores the emerging field of 'mobile money': mobile phone-enabled systems for value transfer and storage, primarily in the developing world, which are heralded as signal interventions in the effort to broaden financial inclusion and bank the 'unbanked.' Focusing on the stories that circulate in the emergent network of expertise that is calling 'mobile money' into being, it discusses how economic techniques and social narratives about markets - specifically, narratives about the opportunities for profit and financial inclusion in the 'payments space' - format a consumer market for mobile money. Furthermore, it asks whether end-users' repurposing of mobile money - and the use of airtime as currency - heralds a new means of exchange or store of value, potentially remaking money in the process. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cm5r8g0 Thu, 3 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Maurer, Bill https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-9893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zd2s43w Domains of policy: Law and society perspectives on punishment and social control https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zd2s43w Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Reiter, K https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-8231 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/833180md For more than 25 years, psychologists have explored how people can develop rich false memories. Murphy et&nbsp;al. (2023) replicated the original “lost in the mall” study (Loftus and Pickrell 1995), demonstrating that 35% of participants developed false beliefs or memories. Andrews and Brewin (in press) reanalyzed Murphy et&nbsp;al.'s data, concluding that participants who developed false memories reported 25% of the suggested details and 50% of their reports were potentially real memories. Based on this, Andrews and Brewin posited that only 4% of Murphy et&nbsp;al.'s participants developed false memories. We take issue with Andrews and Brewin's conclusions. Given human memory is reconstructive, we should expect participants' reports to contain remnants of accurate memories, self or schematic knowledge, or speculation. Moreover, even low false memory rates can be practically important. What matters is that suggestive influences can lead to substantial memory distortions and even... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/833180md Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Wade, Kimberley A Riesthuis, Paul Bücken, Charlotte Otgaar, Henry Loftus, Elizabeth F https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2230-6110 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tp3n5q8 Racial and economic disparities in exposure to near-roadway air and noise pollution remain stubbornly persistent due to structural inequalities embedded in the built environment. Although governmental agencies have compiled guidance on reducing near-roadway exposures, we unfortunately know little about the implementation of these strategies in practice and whether state-sanctioned, place-based programs to advance environmental justice can effectively mitigate near-roadway hazards for historically marginalized communities. We address this gap through a case study of how residents and community leaders in South Central Fresno, California participated in the steering committees of three place-based initiatives to advance four strategies to mitigate near-roadway impacts: transforming roadways and land use, rerouting trucks from sensitive receptors (i.e., residences, schools), installing protective vegetative barriers, and limiting freeway and warehouse expansion. We examine how residents... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tp3n5q8 Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Houston, Douglas Macey, Gregg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-0565 Pearce, Jeannine M Garoupa, Catherine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3903d1j8 In Miller v. Alabama (2012), the Supreme Court abolished mandatory juvenile life without parole (JLWOP) sentences and subsequently decided that the ruling applied retroactively (Montgomery v. Louisiana, 2016), effectively rendering thousands of inmates eligible for resentencing and potential release from prison. In its decisions, the Court cited developmental science, noting that youth, by virtue of their transient immaturity, are less culpable and more amenable to rehabilitation relative to their adult counterparts. Specifically, the Court notes adolescents' propensity for impulsive action, sensitivity to social influence, and difficulty understanding long-term consequences. Even so, these rulings raised concerns regarding the consequences of releasing prisoners who had committed heinous crimes as juveniles. Several years after the Court's decision, preliminary data are now available to shed light on rates of recidivism among those released. The current paper comprises three... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3903d1j8 Mon, 10 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sbeglia, Colleen Simmons, Cortney Icenogle, Grace Levick, Marsha Peniche, Monica Beardslee, Jordan Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kk1w8fz Domestic courts frequently apply foreign law. For example, the forum's choice-of-law rules may require a court to apply foreign law, or a party may expressly base a claim or defense on foreign law. Private international law (or “conflict of laws”) provides principles governing many aspects of the way courts should identify and interpret foreign law. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kk1w8fz Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Whytock, Christopher A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8928-8420 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fk6c3zt Harmonization of Civil Procedure: Is the United States a Model for the European Union? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fk6c3zt Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Whytock, Christopher A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8928-8420 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q97w180 Academic Navel-Gazing <i>Debating Globalization as the Planet Burns</i> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1q97w180 Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Darian-Smith, Eve https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-0323 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gc1240p BACKGROUND SETTING: Punitive approaches to deter offending remain popular despite limited evidence of their effectiveness. This study investigated what effect presenting empirical criminological findings about the effectiveness of deterrence to a general public has on their punishment preferences. It builds on earlier research showing that such presentation reduces the publics inclination towards strict punishment. The present study extended this research by exploring whether the impact of scientific evidence on public punishment preferences is affected by crime severity and by exploring cognitive and psychological factors that may underpin this relationship. METHODS: Using a vignette study paradigm, a general public sample of 330 participants were asked to make hypothetical punishment decisions to reduce crime (whether or not to double sentences) for one of three crime types that varied in severity. For each crime type, half of participants were additionally provided with a summary... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gc1240p Thu, 2 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rose, Brendan Kuiper, Malouke Reinders Folmer, Chris van Rooij, Benjamin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s8k978 Antisocial and illegal behavior generally declines as youth approach adulthood, but there is significant individual variation in the timing of the peak and decline of offending from adolescence to young adulthood. There are two primary research questions in the present study. First, are there subgroups of youth who follow similar patterns of offending over the nine years after their first arrest? Second, what baseline factors predict which youth will follow each pattern of offending? Data were drawn from the Crossroads study, which includes a sample of racially and ethnically diverse boys who were interviewed regularly for 9 years following their first arrest. Boys were between 13 and 17 years old at the start of the study and were approximately 24-25 years old at the final interview. Trajectories were measured with youths' self-reported offending using latent class growth analysis (LCGA). Results indicated that there were four subgroups of youth: a stable low group (55%), an... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s8k978 Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 Beardslee, Jordan Sbeglia, Colleen Frick, Paul J Steinberg, Laurence https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wq810th Pesticide Use and Civil Rights in Central California: Slow Violence and the State https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wq810th Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Macey, Gregg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-0565 Farrell, Caroline Anderson, Kayla Garcia, Angel Martinez, Yanely Sellen, Jane Temkin, Alexis Weller, Mark https://escholarship.org/uc/item/965743zq The current study examined perceptions of fair treatment in a past court experience among a sample of incarcerated youth (n = 364). Perceptions were compared for youth whose cases were processed through the juvenile (n = 261) versus adult court (n = 103) systems. In general, youth who were adjudicated in adult court felt more justly treated by legal authorities than youth adjudicated in juvenile court. Specifically, youth in adult court rated judges as only marginally more just than youth in juvenile court, but rated their defense attorney's treatment as significantly more just. Youth rated the prosecutor's treatment as relatively unjust regardless of where their case was handled. Differences in perceptions of procedural justice were also observed based on prior arrest history and race, with minority youth and repeat offenders perceiving the process to be less procedurally just. Our findings should not be used as support for the increased transfer of youth into adult court, as... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/965743zq Fri, 8 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Kaasa, Suzanne O Tatar, Joseph R Dezember, Amy Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9561q4v2 Antisocial youth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits exhibit a pattern of severe and persistent conduct problems and deficits in emotional processing that parallels adults with psychopathy. Aberrant emotional attention, particularly among individuals high on aggression, constitutes one such deficit; however, its robustness across race/ethnicity requires further investigation given findings that the psychopathy construct manifests differently across race (Sullivan and Kosson 2006), and emotional attention is susceptible to the influence of adverse environmental factors such as violence exposure that is more common among ethnic minority youth (Kimonis et al. in Development and Psychopathology, 20, 569–589, 2008b). Also, the development of a comprehensive measure of CU traits, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), has identified specific CU dimensions (Uncaring, Callous, Unemotional) that are yet to be investigated in relation to emotional attention deficits. Thus,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9561q4v2 Fri, 8 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Kimonis, Eva R Graham, Nicole Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n01w542 Previous research indicates that youth exhibiting antisocial behavior are at risk for utilizing a disproportionate amount of health services compared to youth without these problems. The present study investigates whether being processed by the juvenile justice system and showing callous-unemotional (CU) traits independently predict health service utilization (medical and mental health service use and out-of-home placement) over and above the severity of antisocial behavior across adolescence. A total of 766 participants who had been arrested for the first time in adolescence provided data at ten appointments over a period of seven years. Results showed that self-reported antisocial behavior at the time of arrest predicted increased use of most health service use types over the next seven years (i.e. medicine prescriptions, tests for sexually transmitted infections, mental health service appointments, and out-of-home placements). All except prescription medication use remained... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n01w542 Fri, 8 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Speck, Julianne S Frick, Paul J Vaughan, Erin P Walker, Toni M Robertson, Emily L Ray, James V Myers, Tina D Wall Thornton, Laura C Steinberg, Laurence Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j33p7nt In this article, we summarize key findings from 20 years of research conducted at the intersection of developmental psychology and juvenile justice in the United States. We predominantly examine data from two large-scale, multisite longitudinal studies involving justice-system-involved adolescents-the Pathways to Desistance study and the Crossroads study. Topics of discussion include predictors of offending and desistance from crime; youth outcomes and psychosocial needs; and emerging research, programs, and policy initiatives. First, individual-level (e.g., age, psychosocial maturity) and contextual-level (e.g., antisocial peers, exposure to violence) risk factors associated with offending are explored. Second, we discuss short-term and long-term outcomes of justice-system contact for youths engaging in moderate offenses. We highlight main findings from the Crossroads study indicating that youths who are sanctioned by the justice system at their first arrest have worse outcomes... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j33p7nt Fri, 8 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 Gillespie, Marie L Beardslee, Jordan Davis, Frank Hernandez, Maria Williams, Tamika https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bj402mq BACKGROUND: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is over-represented among incarcerated girls and women. In order to inform effective methods of response, they represent a critical group for better understanding disclosure processes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to assess the CSA and CSA disclosure experiences of incarcerated female adolescents and young adults. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants were 94 serious female offenders, ages 15-24 (M = 18.72, SD = 1.94), incarcerated in a secure juvenile facility. METHOD: In one-on-one interviews, participants answered questions about abuse characteristics, whether they had previously disclosed, to whom they had disclosed and after how long, and reasons for prior disclosure or nondisclosure. RESULTS: Over half of the sample (51.8%,n = 44) reported experiencing CSA. Most individuals who reported a CSA history had previously disclosed (79.5%, n = 35), with approximately equal proportions claiming to disclose within one week... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bj402mq Fri, 8 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Malloy, Lindsay C Sutherland, Jessica E Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hj0f3qf Women, particularly mothers, have faced disparate socioeconomic consequences throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has yet to examine whether the consequences of the pandemic vary based on the level of neighborhood disorder, which is associated with various health conditions, including COVID-19 complications. The present study utilizes data from a diverse sample of 221 women with justice-involved sons interviewed during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Negative binominal and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether perceived neighborhood social disorder is related to socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the relation varies for mothers with and without children in their home during the pandemic. The results suggest that greater perceived neighborhood social disorder was associated with increased in COVID-19-related socioeconomic consequences. Neighborhood social disorder affected socioeconomic impacts above and beyond... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hj0f3qf Fri, 8 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 LaBerge, Alyssa Osuna, Amanda Isabel Cavanagh, Caitlin Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22j854v4 Both the psychological and criminological fields have long hypothesized the mechanisms that influence desistance from violent offending, but few studies have focused on violent females. This study identifies patterns of violent behavior across 7&nbsp;years among 172 females and 172 matched males ages 15-24, testing if heterogeneity in violent offending is linked to (a) developmental change in impulse control and (b) attainment of adult milestones. Fewer females persist in violence (25%) than males (46%); 19% of males increase in violent behavior. Females who develop impulse control and are employed are more likely to desist from violence. Violent offending is unrelated to other adult milestones. Developmental increases in impulse control may trigger desistance, while employment may maintain desistance from violence. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22j854v4 Fri, 8 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 Fine, Adam Thomas, April G Monahan, Kathryn C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40g626s3 “Missing” No More: Planners Should Harness Private Developers to Build Middle Housing https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40g626s3 Fri, 25 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Marantz, Nicholas J Wegmann, Jake https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wx9b056 2023 Supplement to Donald Earl Childress III, Michael D. Ramsey &amp; Christopher A. Whytock, Transnational Law and Practice (2d ed. 2021) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wx9b056 Thu, 10 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Childress III, Donald Earl Ramsey, Michael D Whytock, Christopher A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09f5g5v9 An enduring contribution of Jessup’s Transnational Law is his critique of “international law” and his case for a functionalist concept of “transnational law” defined as rules—international, national or private—that offer solutions to transnational problems. Extending Jessup’s argument, this chapter critiques the concept of the “international legal system,” proposes an alternative concept of the “global legal system” and offers an analytical framework for understanding that system. The global legal system consists of not only rules, but also courts and other institutions, that provide legal solutions to transnational problems. These institutions are national, international, private and sometimes hybrid. Among the solutions provided are three generic governance functions: prescription, adjudication and enforcement. More than one institution may provide solutions to a given transnational problem, creating a need for choice across three dimensions: national-national, national-international... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09f5g5v9 Thu, 10 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Whytock, CA https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70q8371z Davis v. Mississippi (1969) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70q8371z Thu, 12 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Cole, SA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-6219 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cz455rk Davis v. Mississippi, 394 U.S. 721 (1969) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cz455rk Thu, 12 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Cole, SA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-6219 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gf0x0s9 The health of incarcerated populations is intertwined with the health of security staff, but the social mechanisms, and especially the specific interventions, that might mitigate these health harms are underexplored. We examine one possible mechanism of interrelated health harms: whether and how jail security staff are willing and able to care for mentally ill detainees. We hypothesize that the attitudes of security staff towards care affect the well-being of everyone in a jail setting-staff, as well as detainees. Analyzing 539 anonymous respondent surveys administered to a stratified cluster sample of security staff working in a large U.S. county jail system, we (1) describe the prevalence of a perceived duty to care and availability of caring resources among security staff and (2) analyze whether variations in a duty to care and caring resources predict outcomes associated with staff and detainee well-being. Across five maximum likelihood models estimated, both perceived duty... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gf0x0s9 Wed, 11 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Sundt, Jody Reiter, Keramet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-8231 Williams, Brie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-3397 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jh586pk The consequences for women "left behind" by virtue of temporary male migration are mixed. On the one hand, concomitant changes in fertility, participation in the labor force, and social norms are often associated with increased independence for women. On the other hand, women left behind can be vulnerable to increased dependency on members of their husbands' family or face limited access to social institutions. These shifts in women's capacity for decision making can have important implications for their health and well-being. Focusing on the state of Kerala in southern India, we examine the conditions under which the remittances that migrants send home have an impact on the health of women left behind. Specifically, we assess the extent to which the timing of remittance sending can support women's autonomy and improve their ability to make autonomous healthcare decisions. We use evidence from migrant households in Kerala, a region deeply engrained in the world labor migration... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jh586pk Thu, 15 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Green, Sharon H Wang, Charlotte Ballakrishnen, Swethaa S Brueckner, Hannah Bearman, Peter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qb6k6ps A central tenet of Anglo-American penal law is that in order for an actor to be found criminally liable, a proscribed act must be accompanied by a guilty mind. While it is easy to understand the importance of this principle in theory, in practice it requires jurors and judges to decide what a person was thinking months or years earlier at the time of the alleged offense, either about the results of his conduct or about some elemental fact (such as whether the briefcase he is carrying contains drugs). Despite the central importance of this task in the administration of criminal justice, there has been very little research investigating how people go about making these decisions, and how these decisions relate to their intuitions about culpability. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms that govern this task is important for the law, not only to explore the possibility of systemic biases and errors in attributions of culpability but also to probe the intuitions that underlie them.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qb6k6ps Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ginthe, MR Shen, FX Bonnie, RJ Hoffman, MB Jones, OD Simons, KW https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jh0h0rm The five thoughtful, incisive articles by Professors Bernstein, Chamallas, Geistfeld, Moore, and Sugarman offer a breathtaking range of perspectives on the Restatement, Third of Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons ("ITR"). Some view tort law from the widest vantage point, inquiring whether this forest deserves its own appellation or should instead be assimilated to the rest of tort's greenery. Some focus more on the trees-on the distinct doctrines that characterize the torts and defenses that ITR is restating. In this response, we engage with the participants at both levels. Our response also addresses two fundamental questions-the role of a Restatement and the significance of the "intentional tort" category. First, ITR is a Restatement of tort law. It is not a model code of tort law, nor is it an academic article committed to a particular vision of the proper purposes and principles of tort law. We see our task, not as creating a grand theory from which all of intentional tort... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jh0h0rm Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Simons, Kenneth W Cardi, W Jonathan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sn5n5rt Politics and private international law https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sn5n5rt Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Whytock, CA https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vf6524g The Contribution of Forensic and Expert Evidence to DNA Exoneration Cases: An Interim Report https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vf6524g Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Cole, Simon A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-6219 Registry of Exonerations, National Meterko, Vanessa Chu, Sarah Cooper, Glinda Weinstock Paredes, Jessica Possley, Maurice Otterbourg, Ken