http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ischool_oapdeposits/rss Recent eScholarship items from Open Access Policy Deposits Mon, 10 Aug 2026 11:59:54 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6j446797 Libraries assemble very large quantities of materials. These collections perform three quite different roles: archival, dispensing, and bibliographic. The bibliographic role of the collection is compared with bibliographies and catalogues. The distinction between materials and collection development is basic. Collection development in libraries is analogous to file organisation in computing systems and, although commonly viewed narrowly as selection for acquisition, includes a range of decisions which determine the profile of any collection. The rise of remotely‐accessible materials makes possession less important relative to access, has important consequences for all three roles of collections, and indicates a shift in emphasis away from collection development and conventional catalogues and toward bibliography and cooperation. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6j446797 Tue, 2 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 BUCKLAND, MICHAEL K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sq152p5 This paper investigates the role of text in visualizations, specifically the impact of text position, semantic content, and biased wording. Two empirical studies were conducted based on two tasks (predicting data trends and appraising bias) using two visualization types (bar and line charts). While the addition of text had a minimal effect on how people perceive data trends, there was a significant impact on how biased they perceive the authors to be. This finding revealed a relationship between the degree of bias in textual information and the perception of the authors' bias. Exploratory analyses support an interaction between a person's prediction and the degree of bias they perceived. This paper also develops a crowdsourced method for creating chart annotations that range from neutral to highly biased. This research highlights the need for designers to mitigate potential polarization of readers' opinions based on how authors' ideas are expressed. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sq152p5 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Stokes, Chase Bearfield, Cindy Xiong Hearst, Marti A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fb3s48p Scholarly publications are key to the transfer of knowledge from scholars to others. However, research papers are information-dense, and as the volume of the scientific literature grows, the greater the need for new technology to support scholars. In contrast to the process of finding papers, which has been transformed by Internet technology, the experience of reading research papers has changed little in decades. For instance, the PDF format for sharing papers remains widely used due to its portability but has significant downsides, inter alia, static content and poor accessibility for low-vision readers. This paper explores the question “Can recent advances in AI and HCI power intelligent, interactive, and accessible reading interfaces—even for legacy PDFs?” We describe the Semantic Reader Project, a collaborative effort across multiple institutions to explore automatic creation of dynamic reading interfaces for research papers. Through this project, we’ve developed a collection... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fb3s48p Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lo, Kyle Chang, Joseph Chee Head, Andrew Bragg, Jonathan Zhang, Amy X Trier, Cassidy Anastasiades, Chloe August, Tal Authur, Russell Bragg, Danielle Bransom, Erin Cachola, Isabel Candra, Stefan Chandrasekhar, Yoganand Chen, Yen-Sung Cheng, Evie Yu-Yen Chou, Yvonne Downey, Doug Evans, Rob Fok, Raymond Hu, Fangzhou Huff, Regan Kang, Dongyeop Kim, Tae Soo Kinney, Rodney Kittur, Aniket Kang, Hyeonsu B Klevak, Egor Kuehl, Bailey Langan, Michael J Latzke, Matt Lochner, Jaron MacMillan, Kelsey Marsh, Eric Murray, Tyler Naik, Aakanksha Nguyen, Ngoc-Uyen Palani, Srishti Park, Soya Paulic, Caroline Rachatasumrit, Napol Rao, Smita Sayre, Paul Shen, Zejiang Siangliulue, Pao Soldaini, Luca Tran, Huy van Zuylen, Madeleine Wang, Lucy Lu Wilhelm, Christopher Wu, Caroline Yang, Jiangjiang Zamarron, Angele Hearst, Marti A Weld, Daniel S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m3167bp When communicating information, language should be considered as co-equal with visualization. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m3167bp Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hearst, Marti A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dm9x6r5 Abstract In the summarization domain, a key requirement for summaries is to be factually consistent with the input document. Previous work has found that natural language inference (NLI) models do not perform competitively when applied to inconsistency detection. In this work, we revisit the use of NLI for inconsistency detection, finding that past work suffered from a mismatch in input granularity between NLI datasets (sentence-level), and inconsistency detection (document level). We provide a highly effective and light-weight method called SummaCConv that enables NLI models to be successfully used for this task by segmenting documents into sentence units and aggregating scores between pairs of sentences. We furthermore introduce a new benchmark called SummaC (Summary Consistency) which consists of six large inconsistency detection datasets. On this dataset, SummaCConv obtains state-of-the-art results with a balanced accuracy of 74.4%, a 5% improvement compared... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dm9x6r5 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Laban, Philippe Schnabel, Tobias Bennett, Paul N Hearst, Marti A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g3828z1 Social network analysis and the diaspora https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g3828z1 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8st7d5hq This article explores the temporality of liveness on Facebook Live through the analytical lens of downtime. Downtime is conceptualized here as multiscale: downtime exists in between the micro action and inaction of everyday life, but also in larger episodes of personal and health crises that reorient the body toward technologies for instantaneous replenishment of meaning and activity. Living through downtime with mobile technology enables the experience of oscillation between liveness as simultaneity and liveness as instantaneity. By juxtaposing time-as-algorithmic against time-as-lived through the livestreaming practices of diện chẩn, an emergent unregulated therapeutic method, I show how different enactments of liveness on Facebook Live recalibrate downtime so that the body can reconfigure its being-in-time. The temporal reverberation of downtime and liveness creates an alternative temporal space wherein social practices that are shunned by the temporal structures of institution... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8st7d5hq Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sc9539t This exploratory study analyses the network mechanisms with which Vietnamese traditional medical knowledge propagates on Facebook and explores patterns of social support provided by weak ties on these sites. The study employs a mixed-method multiple case study approach. Social network analysis is conducted on a sample of 6,293 original posts and 23,333 associated comments on two Vietnamese traditional medicine sites on Facebook, over three years. Content analysis is performed on a subsample of 2,570 comments made by nodes with a degree of one, together with 1,543 associated original posts. Findings indicate that weak ties are much more prevalent among discourse communities where communicative exchanges lie outside existing regulatory frameworks concerning traditional medicine. An overwhelming majority of these weak ties provide mostly informational support, while other forms of support such as emotional, esteem, network, or tangible are much less prevalent. This study suggests... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sc9539t Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k54288r Traditional medicine is hugely popular throughout Southeast Asia and other parts of the world. The development of the internet and online social networks in these contexts has enabled a significant proliferation of non-biomedical knowledge and practices via platforms such as Facebook. People use Facebook to advocate for non- biomedical alternatives to unaffordable biomedicine, share family medical recipes, discuss medicinal properties of indigenous plants, buy and sell these plants, and even crowdsource disease diagnoses. This paper examines the network characteristics of, and discourses present within, three popular Vietnamese non-biomedical knowledge Facebook sites over a period of five years. These large-scale datasets are studied using social network analysis and generative statistical models for topic analysis (Latent Dirichlet allocation). Forty-nine unique topics were quantitatively identified and qualitatively interpreted. Among these topics, themes of religion and philanthropy,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k54288r Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82h1h2f6 An introductory overview of several years work on access to cultural heritage by two groups at the University of California, Berkeley. The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) has developed several cultural atlases. The Metadata Research Group based in the School of Information has conducted a series of studies addressing the problems of searching: in unfamiliar vocabularies, between different genres, for place and time. They are jointly addressing the challenge of making explanations from trustworthy resources easily available to anyone reading or writing online. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82h1h2f6 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z92g573 Natural language processing and linguistic issues in diaspora research https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z92g573 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v33b73g Digital ethnography for the diaspora https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v33b73g Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hw387m6 Diasporas as quantifiable networks https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hw387m6 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dn8z7n8 Seeing With Transparency: Mapping the Privacy-Security Controversy Over Digital Contact Tracing in Vietnam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dn8z7n8 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jh72713 Digital diasporas as ethnographic sites https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jh72713 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hx9187w Automating the diaspora? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hx9187w Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44d3n6cf The computational turn in the social sciences and humanities has generated much excitement about the potential to refresh our approaches to the study of the techno-social. From natively digital to digitised data, researchers of digital diasporas increasingly find themselves working with a range of disparate digital objects. These digital objects can include anything from hyperlink to timestamps, from platform behavioural metrics such as react, share, or retweet to different media formats such as text, image, pre-recorded or livestreamed videos. Taking these disparate objects into account, this book introduces digital methods as research strategies not only for dealing with the ephemeral and unstable nature of tracing the diaspora with digital data, but also for reconceptualizing digital diasporas as assemblages and networks of more-than-human actors. The book also introduces a range of theoretical perspectives and methodological techniques to studying digital diasporas as contingent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44d3n6cf Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h76q1cf This paper articulates the emergence of the user-citizen as a result of techno-solutionist approaches to pandemic management by tracing the rapid infrastructuralisation of surveillance in and through the platformisation of pandemic governance in Vietnam. Coinciding with Vietnam’s rollout of chip-based national identification cards for citizens over the age of 14, the development of a one-stop ‘super-app’ solution that streamlines data flows across different domains of authority happened in a context where platforms were increasingly discussed alongside, and understood on the same terms as, infrastructure. By conducting situational analysis of publicly available policy documents and official government communication, the paper traces how pandemic platforms contract and expand in response to evolving pandemic management needs, and gives an account of the evolution of institutional dependency across different domains of authority and technology development. Using Vietnam as a case... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h76q1cf Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sd1919b This paper presents a systematic mapping of the disparate literature on non-biomedical therapeutic modalities using co-word analysis. Non-biomedical modalities are defined in this paper as therapeutic modalities that exist in separation, but not isolation from, biomedicine. Bibliometric visualisation based on co-word analysis, a method sensitive to the configuration of socio-cognitive networks of knowledge, is employed to create a semantic topography of thirty years' literature from across different disciplines. The proliferation of terminologies to describe non-biomedical modalities from different disciplines raises important issues about the structure of scholarly knowledge about this area, particularly with regards to domains of meaning and conceptual spaces that lay dormant within this discourse. Drawing from a bibliographic dataset of 17,163 peer-reviewed publications written in English between 1987 and 2017 (retrieved on September 31, 2018), this paper presents a rigorous... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sd1919b Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hw3v877 Introduction https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hw3v877 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tt9v63j This paper describes how spatial understandings of the internet (i.e. the internet is a 'space') enable the persistence of marginalised medical practices. By tracing different accounts of the internet as space among practitioners and followers of diện chẩn - an emergent Vietnamese unregulated therapeutic method - we show how the logic of space circumscribes an alternative techno-social site for marginalised medical practices, transforms the private experience of being alone with technology into being-in-space, spiritualises the internet as a conduit of healing power, and mediates transnational health mobility among the Vietnamese diaspora. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic participation in Vietnam and the US, we demonstrate how the internet can be understood as non-biomedical milieu - a field of determination that conjoins heterogenous interventions on health-related eventualities outside of structured and institutionalised biomedical practices. This in vivo conceptualisation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tt9v63j Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 Arnold, Michael Chenhall, Richard https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sd3x1wp This article explains the widespread adoption of Quick Response (QR) codes from a media genealogy perspective. Understanding QR codes as more than the materiality of their machinic embodiments and rather as a method of systematically and repeatedly addressing emergent problems, I argue that the operative logic of QR code is that of convenient efficiency. Convenient efficiency captures three dynamics that drive QR codes’ ubiquity: the potentiality of spontaneous system synergies (system/distributed convenience coupled with streamlined efficiency); the autonomy of the subjects involved as part of this cybernetic system (personal convenience coupled with stacked efficiency); and the relative independence of the networks/assemblages that these practices constitute (convenient efficiency). That the convergence between convenience and efficiency as driving forces in contemporary technological culture has origins in the shop floor is consequential to the way motion, time and the body... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sd3x1wp Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t3941k0 This paper discusses the challenges and tensions in the relationship between the university as a social institution and the world of digital technologies in which it finds itself, from the perspective of an early-career academic in her late 20s. It argues that problems abound in the university's tendency to adopt non-educational digital technologies for educational purposes in the name of student engagement, and that this approach should be avoided. It also argues that, faced with an uncertain future of job automation and gig economy, universities should move away from the ‘work-ready’ graduate model. Instead, it should empower its students with the capacity to flexibly reprogram their skillsets for the changing nature of work, and play an active role in envisioning new (non)work realities by engaging students in the transformation of their education. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t3941k0 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kc92053 This book explores the intersection of miracle cures and technology, showcasing their transformation into hybrid forms, such as handwritten recipes captured in photos or tutorials streamed through videos. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kc92053 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Dang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-3444 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hb4z0c8 Recent reporting has revealed that the UK Biobank (UKB)—a large, publicly-funded research database containing highly-sensitive health records of over half a million participants—has shared its data with private insurance companies seeking to develop actuarial AI systems for analyzing risk and predicting health. While news reports have characterized this as a significant breach of public trust, the UKB contends that insurance research is “in the public interest,” and that all research participants are adequately protected from the possibility of insurance discrimination via data de-identification. Here, we contest both of these claims. Insurers use population data to identify novel categories of risk, which become fodder in the production of black-boxed actuarial algorithms. The deployment of these algorithms, as we argue, has the potential to increase inequality in health and decrease access to insurance. Importantly, these types of harms are not limited just to UKB participants:... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hb4z0c8 Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Metcalf, Kathryne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-1695 Sadowski, Jathan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gc5z72v Abstract Purpose The development of the Northern VA and the Washington, DC metro area as a key node in the globalizing digital urban system is well established. This essay investigates the growth of that technological geography in the 1990s and 2000s as a part of the planetary epoch of human transformation that some have called the “Plantationocene” (vs. Anthropocene). Approach A historical and critical interpretive analysis of race, landscape, and technology policy in the Northern VA area. Findings The paper establishes the region’s social attachments to its “bucolic” agrarian landscape, rooted in the US Civil War and vast inequalities of the reimposition of the plantation as an “afterlife of slavery” after Reconstruction’s failure. It then suggests that the conditions of the plantation economy within a kind of digital plantation economy—featuring resource monopolies, extractive forms of exploitation, and monocrop “ecologies”—based on the “Server Farming” (aka, data center)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gc5z72v Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rosati, Clayton James, Aju Metcalf, Kathryne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-1695 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jn1s65q How do experts stitch together seemingly irreconcilable scientific objects? This paper examines the way “endophenotypes” and “deep phenotyping” are deployed to bridge the infamously recalcitrant genotype–phenotype divide. The endophenotype concept emerged in mid-20th-century evolutionary biology/entomology and was briefly adopted in schizophrenia genetics in 1972 before virtually disappearing for a generation. Decades later, in the “postgenomic” 2000s, the concept exploded in medical—and especially psychiatric—genetics in the United States and United Kingdom. Endophenotypes now refer to phenotypic observations like subclinical biomarkers or traits that are both more fine-grained than disease categories and yield stronger associations with genetics. We argue that the endophenotype concept functions as an “epistemic quilting device” that allows experts to forge research programs across disjunct scientific ontologies and fields, creating new wholes that respond to historically specific... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jn1s65q Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Navon, Daniel Metcalf, Kathryne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-1695 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f16t548 What does it mean to call something complex? This Review essay describes three recent books which take up complex problems and the problem of complexity: philosopher Angela Potochnik’s Idealization and the Aims of Science (2017); science and technology studies (STS) scholar Nicole Nelson’s Model Behavior: Animal Experiments, Complexity, and the Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders (2018); and historian of science Bruno Strasser’s Collecting Experiments: Making Big Data Biology (2019). Taken together, these works lay out a refreshed analytic vocabulary and set of guiding concerns for thinking about what complexity is and does in medical research, and how complexity mediates public participation in science and medicine. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f16t548 Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Metcalf, Kathryne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qt3h8qd Bibliography of publications. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qt3h8qd Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0db1q4bn This essay closely examines the ongoing development and use of an open-source software tool commonly used in microbiome research in order to make three interlocking contributions. First, I identify data cleaning as a set of richly epistemic practices which are functionally inextricable from data analysis. This means that ‘good’ data cleaning decisions are not necessarily universal, but must be made suitably for the specific analytic purposes intended by later users of shared data. Second, I examine how the repair and modularity of data processing software can offer data users a variety of cleaning choices in order to enable divergent analytic goals. In doing so, this software facilitates the development of epistemically diverse data communities. Finally, turning to a high-profile paper retraction which hinged on a data processing error, I explore how repair at different points in the research production process can serve to enable or constrain the growth of data communities. Through... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0db1q4bn Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Metcalf, Kathryne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2np3w475 Can Human Development be Measured with Satellite Imagery? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2np3w475 Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Head, Andrew Manguin, Mélanie Tran, Nhat Blumenstock, Joshua E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-7414 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22s2h6d1 We developed a new approach that uses high-frequency mobile phone data to measure internal displacement after violent events. We used this approach to study the impact of violence in Afghanistan, highlighting how patterns of internal displacement depend on the nature of the violence experienced. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22s2h6d1 Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Tai, Xiao Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-9870 Blumenstock, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-7414 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b00h91p Relevance is regarded as centrally important in documentation and information science but has resisted satisfactory definition. The literature presents vague, subjective descriptions and/or operational definitions based on untenable theoretical assumptions. The “work” is a similarly central and poorly defined concept in bibliographic theory and cataloguing. This short essay summarizes previous scholarship that reformulates concepts of relevance in information science as functions of use and works in bibliographic theory as useful sets of objects. Conceptual utility in both cataloging theory and information science is sought by developing descriptive models that attend to the positionality and temporality of “works” and “relevance” as they have been reformulated by de Fremery and Buckland (2023, 2024). Importantly, the descriptive models suggests the importance of context in formulations of relevance as a function of use and works as useful sets of objects. It concludes by suggesting... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b00h91p Sun, 3 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 de Fremery, Wayne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0472305g abstract: Clifford Lynch is known for his long tenure as executive director of the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI). Here, two other achievements are summarized. From 1979 until he moved to CNI in 1997, Clifford was responsible for developing and implementing library infrastructure for the multicampus University of California system, including MELVYL, a highly innovative, user-oriented online replacement for card catalogs and its extension to provide access to medical and other bibliographical resources. To support it and other applications, he and others built an intercampus network that evolved into the university's Internet node. In addition, for more than three decades he also team-taught the Friday Afternoon Seminar, a weekly Berkeley campus colloquium series featuring a wide range of research reports. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0472305g Sun, 3 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nj2268m Abstract: Social media offers an avenue for like-minded individuals to interact in ways that were previously not possible. Yet, it can also be a breeding ground for hate and extremism to spread. Despite research into hate speech on social media, its influence on users adopting extremist beliefs is less understood. In this study, we use causal analysis to quantify extremist adoption resulting from users becoming active in hate online communities known as subreddits. Using an interrupted time series research design, we compare users who became involved in hate subreddits (treatment group) to those who did not (control group). This analysis is reproduced across ten different subreddits covering four different topics: Alt-Right, Racism, Sexism, and Fat-Shaming. From these analyses, we uncover a causal link between a user becoming active in a hate community and using more hate speech both within hate subreddits and across the wider platform. The results are consistent and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nj2268m Wed, 4 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Schmitz, Matheus Muric, Goran Hickey, Daniel https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5577-0063 Burghardt, Keith https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11f377gq Numerous studies have reported an increase in hate speech on X (formerly Twitter) in the months immediately following Elon Musk's acquisition of the platform on October 27th, 2022; relatedly, despite Musk's pledge to "defeat the spam bots," a recent study reported no substantial change in the concentration of inauthentic accounts. However, it is not known whether any of these trends endured. We address this by examining material posted on X from the beginning of 2022 through June 2023, the period that includes Musk's full tenure as CEO. We find that the increase in hate speech just before Musk bought X persisted until at least May of 2023, with the weekly rate of hate speech being approximately 50% higher than the months preceding his purchase, although this increase cannot be directly attributed to any policy at X. The increase is seen across multiple dimensions of hate, including racism, homophobia, and transphobia. Moreover, there is a doubling of hate post "likes," indicating... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11f377gq Wed, 21 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hickey, Daniel https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5577-0063 Fessler, Daniel MT https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7795-7500 Lerman, Kristina Burghardt, Keith https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44q90809 The opaque relationship between biology and behavior is an intractable problem for psychiatry, and it increasingly challenges longstanding diagnostic categorizations. While various big data sciences have been repeatedly deployed as potential solutions, they have so far complicated more than they have managed to disentangle. Attending to <i>categorical misalignment</i>, this article proposes one reason why this is the case: Datasets have to instantiate clinical categories in order to make biological sense of them, and they do so in different ways. Here, I use mixed methods to examine the role of the reuse of big data in recent genomic research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). I show how divergent regimes of psychiatric categorization are innately encoded within commonly used datasets from MSSNG and 23andMe, contributing to a rippling disjuncture in the accounts of autism that this body of research has produced. Beyond the specific complications this dynamic introduces for the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44q90809 Wed, 16 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Metcalf, Kathryne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wc5d5q8 As generative artificial intelligence (AI) continues its ballistic trajectory, everything from text to audio, image, and video generation continues to improve at mimicking human-generated content. Through a series of perceptual studies, we report on the realism of AI-generated voices in terms of identity matching and naturalness. We find human participants cannot consistently identify recordings of AI-generated voices. Specifically, participants perceived the identity of an AI-generated voice to be the same as its real counterpart approximately $$80\%$$ of the time, and correctly identified a voice as AI generated only about $$60\%$$ of the time. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wc5d5q8 Sat, 12 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Barrington, Sarah Cooper, Emily A Farid, Hany https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6965d7jj Checklist of writings by Philip Olin Keeney (1891-1962). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6965d7jj Sat, 15 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vr315j2 Abstract: Email can deliver mobilization messages at considerably lower cost than direct mail. While voters’ email addresses are readily available, experimental work from 2007 to 2012 suggests that email mobilization is ineffective in most contexts. Here, we use public data to reexamine the effectiveness of email mobilization in the 2016 Florida general election. Unsolicited emails sent from a university professor and designed to increase turnout had the opposite effect: emails slightly demobilizing voters. While the overall decrease in turnout amounted to less than 1 percent of the margin of victory in the presidential race in the state, the demobilizing effect was particularly pronounced among minority voters. Compared to voters from the same group who were assigned to control, black voters assigned to receive emails were 2.2 percentage points less likely to turn out, and Latino voters were 1.0 percentage point less likely to turn out. These findings encourage both campaigns... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vr315j2 Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rivera, Michael U https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-0137 Hughes, D Alex Gell-Redman, Micah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dp2m941 Description of early system for electronic retrieval from microfilm system designed by Emanuel Goldberg at Zeiss Ikon. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dp2m941 Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kr475jq Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a new and useful formulation of relevance. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is formulated as a conceptual argument. It makes the case for the utility of considering relevance to be function of use in creative processes. Findings: There are several corollaries to formulating relevance as a function of use. These include the idea that objects by themselves cannot be relevant since use assumes interaction; the affordances of objects and how they are perceived can affect what becomes relevant but are not in themselves relevant; relevance is not an essential characteristic of objects; relevance is transient; potential relevance (what might be relevant in the future) can be distinguished from what is relevant in use and from what has been relevant in the past. Originality/value: The paper shows that its new formulation of relevance brings improved conceptual and terminological clarity to the discourse about relevance in information... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kr475jq Thu, 26 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 de Fremery, Wayne Buckland, Michael Keeble https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52f6k7ns The role of Emanuel Goldberg and Zeiss Ikon in the early development of television equipment in Germany by Fernseh AG 1929-1939. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52f6k7ns Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v05x6j0 With drastic changes to abortion policy, the months following the <i>Dobbs</i> leak and subsequent decision in 2022 were a uniquely uncertain and difficult time for abortion access in the United States. To understand experiences of challenges to abortion access during that time, we used a hybrid inductive and deductive thematic coding approach to analyse descriptions of barriers and their impacts shared in an abortion subreddit (r/abortion). A simple random sample of 10% of posts was obtained from those shared from 02 May 2022 through 23 December 2022; comments were purposively sampled during the coding process. In this sample of submissions (<i>n</i> = 523 posts, 88 comments), people described structural barriers identified in past research, including state abortion bans and gestational limits, high costs, limited appointment availability, and long travel required. Posters also commonly described known social barriers, including limited social support and abortion stigma. Several... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3v05x6j0 Thu, 19 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Pleasants, Elizabeth Weidert, Karen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-2286 Parham, Lindsay Anderson, Emma Dolgins, Eliza Cheshire, Coye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0026 Marshall, Cassondra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-9176 Prata, Ndola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-0737 Upadhyay, Ushma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ws5q97x A bibliography on operations in libraries https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ws5q97x Sat, 14 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 Kraft, Donald H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nf5f0x6 The fundamental techniques of operations research are outlined. Beginning with a definition of the discipline, the authors go on to isolate its characteristic features and to explain the twin processes of model building and model solution. A serious attempt has been made to use language which non-mathematicians can understand and the paper is aimed specifically at those librarians who, although they have no scientific training, would like to know more about the seemingly esoteric activities of operations researchers. The concepts behind such techniques as “linear programming”, “queueing theory”, “statistical decision analysis’, and so on, are basically straightforward, and this is the way they have been treated in this paper. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nf5f0x6 Sat, 14 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 Hindle, Anthony Brophy, Peter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fz1066r Demonstration of Sympathetic Orchestra: An Interactive Conducting Education System for Responsive, Tacit Skill Development https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fz1066r Thu, 5 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Wei, Bob Tianqi Almeda, Shm Garanganao Tam, Ethan Abrahamson, Dor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-4229 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h7865b8 Personal mobility data from mobile phones and other sensors are increasingly used to inform policymaking during pandemics, natural disasters, and other humanitarian crises. However, even aggregated mobility traces can reveal private information about individual movements to potentially malicious actors. This paper develops and tests an approach for releasing private mobility data, which provides formal guarantees over the privacy of the underlying subjects. Specifically, we (1) introduce an algorithm for constructing differentially private mobility matrices and derive privacy and accuracy bounds on this algorithm; (2) use real-world data from mobile phone operators in Afghanistan and Rwanda to show how this algorithm can enable the use of private mobility data in two high-stakes policy decisions: pandemic response and the distribution of humanitarian aid; and (3) discuss practical decisions that need to be made when implementing this approach, such as how to optimally balance... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h7865b8 Mon, 2 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Kohli, Nitin Aiken, Emily Blumenstock, Joshua E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-7414 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sw2z53m Known Item Search and Subject Search https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sw2z53m Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54n5c000 INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL AND THE KNOWLEDGEABLE SOCIETY https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54n5c000 Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 BUCKLAND, MK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3078b45s The design and characteristics of the compact spring-driven Kinamo movie camera (1921) are explained. The career and achievements of its designer, Emanuel Goldberg (1881-1970), are summarised, including his efforts to promote and popularise film making. The avant-garde filmmaker Joris Ivens was significantly influenced by his experiments with the Kinamo camera and also by Goldberg personally. Ivens used the Kinamo camera to film De Brug, Regen, Borinage, Indonesia Calling, and other films. Other uses and users of the Kinamo are noted. Copyright © John Libbey Publishing. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3078b45s Sat, 10 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8s48n02d Bibliography of publications written by Lodewyk Bendikson (1875-1953). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8s48n02d Tue, 6 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tb880m7 The question “What is a digital document?” is seen as a special case of the question “What is a document?” Ordinarily the word “document” denotes a textual record. Early this century, attempts to provide access to the rapidly growing quantity of available documents raised questions about which should be considered a “document”. Paul Otlet and others developed a functional view of “document” and discussed whether, for example, sculpture, museum objects, and live animals, could be considered to be “documents”. Suzanne Briet equated “document” with organized physical evidence. These ideas resemble notions of “material culture” in cultural anthropology and “object-as-sign” in semiotics. Others, especially in the USA (e.g., Jesse Shera and Louis Shores) took a narrower view. Old confusions between medium, message, and meaning are renewed with digital technology because technological definitions of “document” become even less realistic when everything is in bits. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tb880m7 Thu, 1 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rm5g5bb Purpose—The purpose of this paper is to provide a new and useful formulation of relevance. Design/methodology/approach—This paper is formulated as a conceptual argument. It makes the case for the utility of considering relevance to be function of use in creative processes. Findings—There are several corollaries to formulating relevance as a function of use. These include the idea that objects by themselves cannot be relevant since use assumes interaction; the affordances of objects and how they are perceived can affect what becomes relevant but are not in themselves relevant; relevance is not an essential characteristic of objects; relevance is transient; potential relevance (what might be relevant in the future) can be distinguished from what is relevant in use and from what has been relevant in the past. Originality/value—The paper shows that its new formulation of relevance brings improved conceptual and terminological clarity to the discourse about relevance in information... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rm5g5bb Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 De Fremery, Wayne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r47p5mv Machine learning (ML)-driven diagnosis systems are particularly relevant in pediatrics given the well-documented impact of early-life health conditions on later-life outcomes. Yet, early identification of diseases and their subsequent impact on length of hospital stay for this age group has so far remained uncharacterized, likely because access to relevant health data is severely limited. Thanks to a confidential data use agreement with the California Department of Health Care Access and Information, we introduce Ped-BERT: a state-of-the-art deep learning model that accurately predicts the likelihood of 100+ conditions and the length of stay in a pediatric patient’s next medical visit. We link mother-specific pre- and postnatal period health information to pediatric patient hospital discharge and emergency room visits. Our data set comprises 513.9K mother–baby pairs and contains medical diagnosis codes, length of stay, as well as temporal and spatial pediatric patient characteristics,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r47p5mv Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ilin, Cornelia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91f7w72s Photographic techniques were central in research and development in documentation during the first half of the twentieth century, much as digital computing was later. One pioneer of photographic documentary methods was Lodewyk Bendikson (1875-1953) of the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. His work illustrates the development of techniques for the reproduction, preservation, and analysis of documents: (photostats, microcards, microfilm, readers), the use of infrared, ultraviolet, and fluorescent rays for the analysis of damaged and altered documents; and policy issues relating to preservation and dissemination. Easy, inexpensive, reliable document copying became available during Bendikson’s library career and has had very extensive consequences. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91f7w72s Tue, 7 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, MK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vm5j8bq Editorial: Festschrift Coda https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vm5j8bq Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael Keeble https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hh3805r Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked opportunities for healthcare, from information synthesis to clinical decision support. These LLMs are not just capable of modeling language, but can also act as intelligent “agents” that interact with stakeholders in open-ended conversations and even influence clinical decision-making. Rather than relying on benchmarks that measure a model’s ability to process clinical data or answer standardized test questions, LLM agents can be modeled in high-fidelity simulations of clinical settings and should be assessed for their impact on clinical workflows. These evaluation frameworks, which we refer to as “Artificial Intelligence Structured Clinical Examinations” (“AI-SCE”), can draw from comparable technologies where machines operate with varying degrees of self-governance, such as self-driving cars, in dynamic environments with multiple stakeholders. Developing these robust, real-world clinical evaluations will be crucial... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hh3805r Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Mehandru, Nikita Miao, Brenda Y Almaraz, Eduardo Rodriguez Sushil, Madhumita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7884-0526 Butte, Atul J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-2740 Alaa, Ahmed https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz721rm Integrating deep learning with clinical expertise holds great potential for addressing healthcare challenges and empowering medical professionals with improved diagnostic tools. However, the need for annotated medical images is often an obstacle to leveraging the full power of machine learning models. Our research demonstrates that by combining synthetic images, generated using diffusion models, with real images, we can enhance nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) classification performance even in low-data regime settings. We evaluate the quality of the synthetic images by comparing two metrics: Inception Score (IS) and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID), computed on diffusion- and generative adversarial network (GAN)-generated images. Our results show superior performance for the diffusion-generated images, with a maximum IS score of 1.90 compared to 1.67 for GANs, and a minimum FID score of 69.45 compared to 100.05 for GANs. Utilizing a partially frozen CNN backbone (EfficientNet... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz721rm Mon, 1 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Hardy, Romain Klepich, Joe Mitchell, Ryan Hall, Steve Villareal, Jericho Ilin, Cornelia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3789f8jp A search for quantum black holes in and invariant mass spectra is performed with of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed invariant mass spectrum of pairs is consistent with Standard Model expectations. Upper limits are set at 95%&nbsp;confidence level on the production cross section times branching fractions for quantum black holes decaying into a lepton and a quark in a search region with invariant mass above 2.0&nbsp;TeV. The resulting quantum black hole lower mass threshold limit is 9.2&nbsp;TeV in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model, and 6.8&nbsp;TeV in the Randall-Sundrum model. © 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration 2024 CERN https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3789f8jp Wed, 27 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Abbott, B Abbott, DC Abud, A Abed Abeling, K Abhayasinghe, DK Abidi, SH AbouZeid, OS Abraham, NL Abramowicz, H Abreu, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Achkar, B Adam, L Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Adamek, L Adelman, J Adersberger, M Adiguzel, A Adorni, S Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agapopoulou, C Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Aguilar-Saavedra, JA Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahmed, WS Ai, X Aielli, G Akatsuka, S Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akilli, E Akimov, AV Al Khoury, K Alberghi, GL Albert, J Verzini, MJ Alconada Alderweireldt, S Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, A Alfonsi, F Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, S Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, BW Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Camelia, E Alunno Estevez, M Alvarez Alviggi, MG Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Ambroz, L Amelung, C Amidei, D Dos Santos, SP Amor Amoroso, S Amrouche, CS An, F Anastopoulos, C Andari, N Andeen, T Anders, JK Andrean, SY Andreazza, A Andrei, V Anelli, CR Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Anthony, MT Antipov, E Antonelli, M Antrim, DJA Anulli, F Aoki, M Pozo, JA Aparisi Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio Aranzabal, N Ferraz, V Araujo Pereira, R Araujo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75591606 Estimation of temporospatial clinical features of gait (CFs), such as step count and length, step duration, step frequency, gait speed, and distance traveled, is an important component of community-based mobility evaluation using wearable accelerometers. However, accurate unsupervised computerized measurement of CFs of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who have progressive loss of ambulatory mobility is difficult due to differences in patterns and magnitudes of acceleration across their range of attainable gait velocities. This paper proposes a novel calibration method. It aims to detect steps, estimate stride lengths, and determine travel distance. The approach involves a combination of clinical observation, machine-learning-based step detection, and regression-based stride length prediction. The method demonstrates high accuracy in children with DMD and typically developing controls (TDs) regardless of the participant's level of ability. Fifteen children with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75591606 Mon, 25 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ramli, Albara Ah Liu, Xin Berndt, Kelly Chuah, Chen-Nee Goude, Erica Kaethler, Lynea B Lopez, Amanda Nicorici, Alina Owens, Corey Rodriguez, David Wang, Jane Aranki, Daniel McDonald, Craig M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-3220 Henricson, Erik K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-6441 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g26819p Differences in gait patterns of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and typically developing (TD) peers are visible to the eye, but quantifications of those differences outside of the gait laboratory have been elusive. In this work, we measured vertical, mediolateral, and anteroposterior acceleration using a waist-worn iPhone accelerometer during ambulation across a typical range of velocities. Fifteen TD and fifteen DMD children from 3 to 16 years of age underwent eight walking/running activities, including five 25 m walk/run speed-calibration tests at a slow walk to running speeds (SC-L1 to SC-L5), a 6-min walk test (6MWT), a 100 m fast walk/jog/run (100MRW), and a free walk (FW). For clinical anchoring purposes, participants completed a Northstar Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA). We extracted temporospatial gait clinical features (CFs) and applied multiple machine learning (ML) approaches to differentiate between DMD and TD children using extracted temporospatial gait... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8g26819p Tue, 12 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ramli, Albara Ah Liu, Xin Berndt, Kelly Goude, Erica Hou, Jiahui Kaethler, Lynea B Liu, Rex Lopez, Amanda Nicorici, Alina Owens, Corey Rodriguez, David Wang, Jane Zhang, Huanle Aranki, Daniel McDonald, Craig M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-3220 Henricson, Erik K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-6441 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0876556j This paper explores the data cleaning challenges that arise in using WiFi connectivity data to locate users to semantic indoor locations such as buildings, regions, rooms. WiFi connectivity data consists of sporadic connections between devices and nearby WiFi access points (APs), each of which may cover a relatively large area within a building. Our system, entitled semantic LOCATion cleanER (LOCATER), postulates semantic localization as a series of data cleaning tasks - first, it treats the problem of determining the AP to which a device is connected between any two of its connection events as a missing value detection and repair problem. It then associates the device with the semantic subregion (e.g., a conference room in the region) by postulating it as a location disambiguation problem. LOCATER uses a bootstrapping semi-supervised learning method for coarse localization and a probabilistic method to achieve finer localization. The paper shows that LOCATER can achieve significantly... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0876556j Mon, 5 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Lin, Yiming Jiang, Daokun Yus, Roberto Bouloukakis, Georgios Chio, Andrew Mehrotra, Sharad Venkatasubramanian, Nalini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-2268 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34f8s9bt Forecasting groundwater levels using machine learning methods: The case of California’s Central Valley https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34f8s9bt Thu, 1 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 May-Lagunes, Gabriela Chau, Valerie Ellestad, Eric Greengard, Leyla D'Odorico, Paolo Vahabi, Puya Todeschini, Alberto Girotto, Manuela https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30v888tv Influence Maximization with Fairness at Scale https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30v888tv Thu, 1 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Feng, Yuting Patel, Ankitkumar Cautis, Bogdan Vahabi, Hossein https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ms919vw Hierarchical Modeling and Shrinkage for User Session LengthPrediction in Media Streaming https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ms919vw Thu, 1 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Dedieu, Antoine Mazumder, Rahul Zhu, Zhen Vahabi, Hossein https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hm1431w During 1970-1971 the University of Lancaster Library Research Unit carred out a study of the extent to which leading British research libraries tend to duplicate rather than complement each others holdings. This investigation was commissioned in order to provide pertinent background information for the staff of the National Libraries ADP Study[1]. The investigation was in two parts, "National Catalogue Coverage Study" which estimated the overlap in holdings [2] and a "Foreign Books Acquisitions Study" which estimated the extent of duplication in the acquisition of non-British imprints [3]. The authors of this paper collaborated in the design and direction of the investigation. Several methodological problems were encountered. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss methodological difficulties in this specialist type of library survey. Examples of findings from the British study and from subsequent surveys in Indiana are given by way of illustration. The initial impetus... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hm1431w Tue, 23 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 Hindle, Anthony Walker, Gregory PM https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79t3x2m6 An Operations Research Study of a Variable Loan and Duplication Policy at the University of Lancaster https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79t3x2m6 Tue, 23 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nh2358q The varying uses of the term "relevance" are considered by analyzing retrieval-related activities into three different processes (Formulation, Retrieval, and Utilization) and four sorts of entities (Enquiry, Attribute, Response, and Benefit). Three quite different sorts of "relevance" are identified (Responsiveness, Pertinence, and Beneficiality). It is argued that relevance in the sense of utility cannot properly be used to evaluate the performance of retrieval processes as retrieval processes. Any use of utility implies that the utilization is also being considered. © 1983. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nh2358q Tue, 23 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v2t9wn We present measurements of cross sections for production of a leptonically decaying Z boson in association with a large-radius jet in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC, using 36 fb-1 of data from the ATLAS detector. Integrated and differential cross sections are measured at particle level in both a flavor inclusive and a doubly b-tagged fiducial phase space. The large-radius jet mass and transverse momentum, its kinematic relationship to the Z boson, and the angular separation of b-tagged small-radius track jets within the large-radius jet are measured. This measurement constitutes an important test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics in kinematic and flavor configurations relevant to several Higgs boson and beyond-Standard-Model physics analyses. The results highlight issues with modeling of additional hadronic activity in the flavor-inclusive selection, and a distinction between flavor-number schemes in the b-tagged phase space. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v2t9wn Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Abbott, B Abbott, DC Abud, A Abed Abeling, K Abhayasinghe, DK Abidi, SH AbouZeid, OS Abraham, NL Abramowicz, H Abreu, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Achkar, B Adam, L Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Adamek, L Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adorni, S Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agapopoulou, C Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Aguilar-Saavedra, JA Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahmed, WS Ai, X Aielli, G Akatsuka, S Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akilli, E Akimov, AV Al Khoury, K Alberghi, GL Albert, J Verzini, MJ Alconada Alderweireldt, S Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, A Alfonsi, F Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, S Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Camelia, E Alunno Estevez, M Alvarez Alviggi, MG Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Ambroz, L Amelung, C Amidei, D Dos Santos, SP Amor Amoroso, S Amrouche, CS An, F Anastopoulos, C Andari, N Andeen, T Anders, JK Andrean, SY Andreazza, A Andrei, V Anelli, CR Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Anthony, MT Antipov, E Antonelli, M Antrim, DJA Anulli, F Aoki, M Pozo, JA Aparisi Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio Aranzabal, N Ferraz, V Araujo Pereira, R Araujo Arcangeletti, C Arce, ATH https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n212793 A measurement of the top quark pair-production cross section in the lepton+jets decay channel is presented. It is based on 4.6 fb-1 of s=7 TeV pp collision data collected during 2011 by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. A three-class, multidimensional event classifier based on support vector machines is used to differentiate tt¯ events from backgrounds. The tt¯ production cross section is found to be σtt¯=168.5±0.7(stat) -5.9+6.2(syst) -3.2+3.4(lumi) pb. The result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction based on QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n212793 Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Aaboud, M Aad, G Abbott, B Abbott, DC Abhayasinghe, DK Abidi, SH AbouZeid, OS Abraham, NL Abramowicz, H Abreu, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Adachi, S Adam, L Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Adamek, L Adelman, J Adersberger, M Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agapopoulou, C Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Aguilar-Saavedra, JA Ahmadov, F Aielli, G Akatsuka, S Åkesson, TPA Akilli, E Akimov, AV Al Khoury, K Alberghi, GL Albert, J Verzini, MJ Alconada Alderweireldt, S Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexandre, D Alexopoulos, T Alhroob, M Ali, B Alimonti, G Alison, J Alkire, SP Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, BW Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alshehri, AA Alstaty, MI Estevez, M Alvarez Gonzalez, B Alvarez Piqueras, D Álvarez Alviggi, MG Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Ambroz, L Amelung, C Amidei, D Dos Santos, SP Amor Amoroso, S Amrouche, CS An, F Anastopoulos, C Andari, N Andeen, T Anders, CF Anders, JK Andreazza, A Andrei, V Anelli, CR Angelidakis, S Angelozzi, I Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Anthony, MT Antonelli, M Antrim, DJA Anulli, F Aoki, M Pozo, JA Aparisi Bella, L Aperio Arabidze, G Araque, JP Ferraz, V Araujo Pereira, R Araujo Arce, ATH Arduh, FA Arguin, J-F https://escholarship.org/uc/item/724103x2 This work represents a confluence of three lines of research: The OASIS program of studies in adaptive searching, led by Michael Buckland, which from 1990 has developed prototypes for supporting improved use of existing metadata [Buckland et al. 1992, and http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/oasis/]; Ray Larson's development of "classification clustering" to create entry vocabulary modules for the Library of Congress Classification in CHESHIRE, a next-generation online catalog and full-text information retrieval system using advanced IR techniques [http://cheshire.lib.berkeley.edu/]; and Fredric Gey's research and development on access to numeric databases and use of probabilistic retrieval techniques in TREC [http://ucdata.berkeley.edu/gey.html]. The rapid increase in network-accessible repositories increases opportunities for searching. Unfamiliar metadata is difficult to search and, increasingly, what is accessible is unfamiliar. Providing indexes to metadata vocabularies... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/724103x2 Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 Chen, Aitao Chen, Hui-Min Kim, Youngin Lam, Byron Larson, Ray Norgard, Barbara Purat, Jacek Gey, Frederic https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5df1x0wz Librarians have many and varied difficulties. For some library problems research is not the best remedy. Improved coordination, clarification of values, or drawing on existing research results may suffice. When research is indicated, it pays to be selective. Investing in research, like any other kind of investment, should be judged in terms of the probability of success, the likely delay before results are achieved, and the impact on the population of competent researchers, as well as the perceived importance of the problem. New technology permits new forms of service, generates new data for analysis, and supports new tools for researchers. Normal research is repetitious and progresses incrementally. A bolder strategy is to seek significant advances in library service by challenging researchers to achieve a deeper understanding of important, but inadequately understood, library phenomena. Five Grand Challenges are proposed: 1. Library service: Could library services be made more... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5df1x0wz Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, MK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sb5q8tm EDUCATION FOR LIBRARIANSHIP IN THE NEXT CENTURY https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sb5q8tm Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 BUCKLAND, MK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xx1061r Since information science concerns the transmission of records, it concerns context. The transmission of documents ensures their arrival in new contexts. Documents and their copies are spread across times and places. The amount of labor required to discover and retrieve relevant documents is also formulated by context. Thus, any serious consideration of communication and of information technologies quickly leads to a concern with context, relevance, and labor. Information scientists have developed many theories of context, relevance, and labor but not a framework for organizing them and describing their relationship with one another. We propose the words context and relevance can be used to articulate a useful framework for considering the diversity of approaches to context and relevance in information science, as well as their relations with each other and with labor. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xx1061r Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Fremery, Wayne Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bd5c63r Before the Antelope: Robert Pagès on Documents https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bd5c63r Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9871f38k We describe how we are experimenting with using linked library data to connect the organizational infrastructures of libraries, archives, and special collections with those of researchers who use them. The site of this experimentation is Editors' Notes, an open-source hosted service for organizing the library and archives-based research of documentary editors. We report on an initial trial of incorporating linked data from libraries and other sources into Editors' Notes, and describe how that trial has informed our current effort to usefully exploit linked data to benefit researchers. We conclude with an overview of the potential benefits. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9871f38k Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Shaw, R Golden, P Buckland, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pg3g062 This article is a translation of one originally published in 1948 in Review of Documentation. The article examines the relationship between documents, broadly defined, and culture. More specifically, it examines the connections between experience, reason and the stability of documents as media technologies evolve over time. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pg3g062 Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Pagès, Robert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zh66800 Robert Pagès (1919-2007) was an anarchist activist who later became director of a major social psychology research laboratory. Between these roles he was a student in documentation established in Paris by Suzanne Briet and others at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers. In 1947 while he was a student of documentation Pagès submitted a thesis entitled “Transformations documentaires et milieu culturel” (Documentary transformations and cultural context) which was published as an article in the Review of Documentation in 1948. A key theme was that documentation is to culture what machinery is to industry. This introduction situates and explains some key ideas from Pagès' article. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zh66800 Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tx5337f From Bibliography to Documentography https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tx5337f Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tk5f0f6 Open Notebook Humanities: Promise and Problems. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tk5f0f6 Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Shaw, Ryan Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 Golden, Patrick https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7830b07s A progress report and discussion on the preservation of, and access to, historical resources relating to the history of ASIST and of Information Science and Technology generally and guidance for members interested on opportunities and methods. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7830b07s Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 La Barre, Kathryn Burke, Colin Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 Gorichanaz, Tim https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tq3g90g The International Conference on Cataloging Principles (Paris, 1961) led to wide acceptance of Seymour Lubetzky's distinction between books and works, where books denoted particular physical objects and works concerned conceptual abstractions associated with the creative labor of particular authors. Lubetzky's formulation of works is included in many of the world's cataloging frameworks, including the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). Several conceptual and practical difficulties arise from the widespread adoption of Lubetzkian works in practices associated with knowledge organization. However, FRBR and other knowledge organization frameworks that utilize works as central entities could be made more useable and useful if work, as an organizing principle, were de-emphasized and seen as one among many concepts used for aggregating sets and supersets of objects according to how likely they are to be useful to users of knowledge organization tools like catalogs. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tq3g90g Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 de Fremery, Wayne Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qg100dc From Fief to Clan: Boisot’s Information Space Model as a Documentary Theory for Cultural and Institutional Analysis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qg100dc Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Lin Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37s4h5nz An information-resilient society requires the development of a resilient information science. Three different requirements for resilient information science are identified and a constructive contribution presented for each. First the scope and available resources need to be fully identified. Wayne de Fremery draws on his forthcoming book on the bibliographical foundations of information science to suggest how humanistic forms of bibliography can provide resources that support information science. Second, clarity in concepts and definitions is required. Michael Buckland draws on recent work to bring clarity to the centrally important but notoriously unclear topic of “relevance.” Third, concepts and techniques need to be articulated as new technologies emerge. A presentation on access to the evidence behind the news by Olivier Le Deuff will illustrate how the publication of articles can now be enriched with the publication of related evidence, now a critical need with the rise of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37s4h5nz Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Fremery, Wayne Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 Le Deuff, Olivier https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32g1v4s3 The author provides an examination of how ideas about place and space have been used in thinking about the organization of knowledge. The spatial analogies of Paul Otlet (1868-1944) in relation to his overall vision are traditional and conventional. Notions of space, place, position, location, and movement are frequent in the work of other leading innovators (Martin Schrettinger, Melvil Dewey, Wilhelm Ostwald, Emanuel Goldberg, and Suzanne Briet) concerning specific practical aspects of knowledge organization. Otlet's spatial imagery is more original and more ingenious when applied to technical problems compared to his overall vision. © 2012 The Board of Trustees, University of Illinois. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32g1v4s3 Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2747c5pn The Quality of Information in the Web https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2747c5pn Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/084792jk The paper aims to explain the character and causes of obsolescence in assigned subject descriptors. The paper takes the form of a conceptual analysis with examples and reference to existing literature. Subject description comes in two forms: assigning the name or code of a subject to a document and assigning a document to a named subject category. Each method associates a document with the name of a subject. This naming activity is the site of tensions between the procedural need of information systems for stable records and the inherent multiplicity and instability of linguistic expressions. As languages change, previously assigned subject descriptions become obsolescent. The issues, tensions, and compromises involved are introduced. Drawing on the work of Robert Fairthorne and others, an explanation of the unavoidable obsolescence of assigned subject headings is presented. The discussion relates to libraries, but the same issues arise in any context in which subject description... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/084792jk Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jc9z28d An introduction to the life and work of Robert Pagès (1919–2007), French social psychology researcher and theorist of documentation. From 1946 to 1948 Pagès was a student in the program in documentation directed by Suzanne Briet that later became the Institut National des Techniques de Documentation (INTD). A 1947 thesis was published in 1948 as an article entitled “Transformations documentaires et milieu culturel” (Documentary transformations and cultural context). It received little attention until recently. The article, now reprinted and translated, examines the rise of new media and how they have largely displaced lived experience and bookish knowledge in a society that has become increasingly planned and coordinated. A notable feature of this article is his distinction between unique, particular objects, which he called “autodocuments,” and specimens that are representative of whatever group they are specimens of. A second thesis of classification was published in 1955 as... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jc9z28d Mon, 15 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79v080z7 A memoir of my experiences as a faculty member in the School of Informarion, 1976-2023. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79v080z7 Tue, 9 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0747b6qf Background: As access barriers to in-person abortion care increase due to legal restrictions and COVID-19-related disruptions, individuals may be turning to the internet for information and services on out-of-clinic medication abortions. Google searches allow us to explore timely population-level interest in this topic and assess its implications. Objective: We examined the extent to which people searched for out-of-clinic medication abortions in the United States in 2020 through 3 initial search terms: home abortion, self abortion, and buy abortion pill online. Methods: Using the Google Trends website, we estimated the relative search index (RSI)-a comparative measure of search popularity-for each initial search term and determined trends and its peak value between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. RSI scores also helped to identify the 10 states where these searches were most popular. We developed a master list of top search queries for each of the initial search terms using... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0747b6qf Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Guendelman, Sylvia Pleasants, Elizabeth Cheshire, Coye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0026 Kong, Ashley https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z7561qq For more than 2000 years, artists have exploited cast shadows to influence how objects appear to be positioned in a scene. A contact cast shadow can anchor an object to the ground and a detached cast shadow can make an object appear to float. However, there is a period of approximately 1000 years when there were virtually no cast shadows in art. How were states of contact versus floating depicted by artists without cast shadows? Here, we survey various techniques used by artists to anchor relative position with and without cast shadows. We then conduct experimental tests of the hypothesized surface attraction principles that underlie these techniques. In the absence of cast shadows, an object (a wooden box) was often seen as resting on a surface as long as that surface offered information about ground orientation and support (a tiled floor). When the ground surface was ambiguous and cloud-like (1/f&nbsp;noise), the box was more likely to be seen to float. The presence of cast... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z7561qq Wed, 13 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Cooper, Emily A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-7446 Casati, Roberto Farid, Hany Cavanagh, Patrick https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dw393m6 Checklist of the writings of Robert Pagès (1919-2007), French social psychologist. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dw393m6 Mon, 28 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9740k66w Library science textbook on physical management of library bookstock - includes a bibliography pp. 179 to 192, graphs and statistical tables. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9740k66w Thu, 17 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael Keeble https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pm7d170 Translation of "Library services in theory and context" (1983). Theoretical analysis of library services in relation to their social context. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pm7d170 Thu, 17 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gg4b0wk New edition of a standard work by a widely respected theorist and teacher (librarianship, U. Cal. Berkeley). Cloth edition not seen. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gg4b0wk Thu, 17 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael Keeble https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qk75738 Entry vocabulary, intermediaries, and retrieval performance https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qk75738 Thu, 17 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q49p8gt A rationale is supplied that can be applied to a scientific approach to libraries. A description is given of an implemented operations research study of library stock control. Why and how the Lancaster Library Research Unit devised a computer-based library management game is explained as is what happened when library administrators and library educators played it. Although these remarks are based on the Lancaster experience, they are related critically to the state-of-the-art of education, research, and administration in librarianship. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q49p8gt Thu, 17 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h37h007 New edition of a standard work by a widely respected theorist and teacher (librarianship, U. Cal. Berkeley). Cloth edition not seen. Annotation copyri Book News, Inc. Portland, Or. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h37h007 Thu, 17 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Buckland, Michael Keeble https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ft4n7qx PARTNERSHIPS IN NAVIGATION - AN INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL, RESEARCH AGENDA https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ft4n7qx Thu, 17 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 BUCKLAND, MK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-8350 BUTLER, MH KIM, YG NORGARD, BA PLAUNT, C