http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/iurd_ms/rss Recent eScholarship items from IURD Monograph Series Mon, 31 Aug 2026 18:56:29 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zw9k4nv Some Social Implications of House and Site Plan Design at Easter Hill Village: A Case Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zw9k4nv Mon, 24 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cooper, Clare C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v63w36w THE MISSING LINK: Siberian Oil &amp; Gas and the Pacific Economy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v63w36w Mon, 24 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kiselyova, Emma, M.A. Castells, Manuel, Ph.D Granberg, Alexander, Ph.D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76s152kk Report on Housing and Health Part I: The Possibility of Codes Embodying Neighborhood Standards https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76s152kk Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wheaton, William L.C. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5206z57d The Production and Cost of a Free Urban Public Service: Resource Allocation in the Oakland Public Library Branch System https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5206z57d Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Choy, Ronald K.H. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4165d9zw Development and Pilot Application of the California Urban and Biodiversity Analysis (CURBA) Model https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4165d9zw Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Landis, John D Monzon, Juan Pablo Reilly, Michael Cogan, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38f2r01c A Public Expenditure Model for Local Government: A Case Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38f2r01c Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lyon, David W https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34m24556 Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Urban Planning Information Systems and Programs https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34m24556 Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Department of City and Regional Planning and the Center for Planning and Development Research, Institute of Urban and Regional Development https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2769g08k Collaborative Land-Use Planning For the Coastal Zone: Volume I A Process For Local Program Development&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2769g08k Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dickert, Thomas Sorenses, Jens https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24c3k9zv Financial Viability of Large Land Developments https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24c3k9zv Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dienstfrey, Ted https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t52z7bt Uncoupling the Radiology System https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t52z7bt Tue, 14 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lindheim, Roslyn https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jf4936z The Production Function in the Public Sector: Production of Postal Services in the United States Post Office https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jf4936z Tue, 14 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Merewitz, Leonard Alan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c92z22h Methodological Notes on Complex Survey Research Involving Life History Data Supplement to Myths of Marginality: Migration and Integration in a Brazilian City https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c92z22h Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Perlman, Janice https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58r0h95x Traffic In Neighborhoods: Policies For More Livable Streets https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58r0h95x Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Appleyard, Donald Gerson, M. Sue Lintell, Mark https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99f2d0rf Collaborative Land-Use Planning For the Coastal Zone: Volume II Half Moon Bay Case Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99f2d0rf Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dickert, Thomas Sorensen, Jens Hyman, Rick Burke, James https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cw13774 PREPARING INDIAN COASTAL METROPOLISES FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cw13774 Thu, 19 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Meier, Richard L. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5713p6g6 The California Urban and Biodiversity Analysis (CURBA) model was developed as a tool to help urban planners to evaluate the possible effects of alternative urban growth patterns and policies on biodiversity and natural habitat quality. CURBA can help direct urban growth while promoting environmental and ecological quality. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5713p6g6 Wed, 11 Jul 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Landis, John D. Monzon, Juan Pablo Reilly, Michael Cogan, Chris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10s0c7s0 <p>Suburbia largely remains hostile territory for public transit in America and, indeed, much of the developed world. Transit’s market share of every type of trip is steadily eroding outside of central cities virtually the world over. With trip origins and destinations spread all over the map, traditional fixed-route, fixed-schedule, radially oriented transit services are finding it increasingly difficult to compete with the private automobile.</p><p>Yet against this backdrop, some metropolitan areas both in the United States and abroad have responded to low-density development patterns by designing more flexible, market-responsive forms of mass transit. Many strategies aim to eliminate, or at least marginalize, what is the scourge of suburban transit services worldwide – the transfer.</p><p>This study examines Adaptive Transit as a promising approach toward better serving suburban markets. Initially, Adaptive Transit is defined and classified. Case studies from both the United... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10s0c7s0 Wed, 11 Jul 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Cervero, Robert Beutler, John https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7258f369 <p>This dissertation examines patterns of usage and modes of access to traditional shopping districts. Environmentalists and designers have advocated a return to “traditional neighborhood development,” with higher densities, mixed uses, pedestrian amenities and transit service, to reduce auto dependence for shopping and other trips. Critics have countered that proximity only partly explains shopping destination and mode choice, but draw their evidence mostly from auto-dominated shopping centers, not traditional ones. Whether shopping districts predominantly serve local residents and support trip reduction has remained to be examined.</p><p>This dissertation examines customer characteristics, patterns of use, and modes of access in six traditional shopping areas in the Oakland-Berkeley, California, area. The six districts are surrounded by middle class, moderately dense residential neighborhoods with transit service and pedestrian access consonant with neo-traditional design. They... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7258f369 Tue, 12 Jun 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Steiner, Ruth Lorraine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mx0n01x <p>This report reviews current literature on sustainable development and proposes a framework for applying this concept to city and regional planning. It begins by exploring interpretations of the concept of sustainability itself, next looks at some urban planning traditions toward an urban planning framework that can incorporate this concept. The following definition of sustainable urban development is proposed:</p><p>Sustainable urban development seeks to create cities and towns that improve the long-term health of the planet’s human and ecological systems.</p><p>Means to achieve this objective include protecting and restoring natural ecosystems in urban areas, creating community environments that nurture human potential, using land and resources wisely, and facilitating human lifestyles that contribute to global sustainability.</p><p>The author argues that sustainable urban development is indeed possible if 1) some degree of consensus is reached on values that can underlie... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mx0n01x Tue, 12 Jun 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Wheeler, Stephen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55n3n86z Transportation and land use planners generally agree that high traffic volumes are incompatible with a good residential street. Danger to pedestrians and bicyclists and emissions from traffic, such as high noise levels and poor air quality, are the obvious reasons. In addition, traffic is also a barrier to social interaction. Thus, we studied the physical and traffic characteristics of a total of nine streets, along with resident responses to a questionnaire survey. This is a report on the study design and our findings. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55n3n86z Tue, 12 Jun 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Bosselmann, Peter Macdonald, Elizabeth Kronemeyer, Thomas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pq850xp This purpose of this report is to provide a 20-year perspective into the land use impacts of BART. The analysis concentrates on historical changes in private residential and non-residential (e.g., commercial, industrial, office) land development for a sample of stations on various segments of the BART system. This report is admittedly not all encompassing. Other reports from the BART at 20 study are documenting BART’s impacts on residential values, population and employment growth, and other indicators of development trends. This report concentrates on documenting land use changes around specific stations, and, from these results, generalizing about the land use impacts of BART among classes of stations. For a sample of stations, differences in land use changes around BART stations and matched pairs of nearby freeway interchanges are also compared. Models are also presented that identify factors associated with station-area land-use changes. The report concludes by merging the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pq850xp Tue, 12 Jun 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Cervero, Robert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m92j0kr <p>To date, far more research has been conducted on the effects of the built environment on transit demand along mainline corridors than in the catchment zones surrounding transit stops. Pushkarev and Zupan (1977), for example, correlated transit ridership for the line-haul segment of trips as a function of residential densities, distance to downtown, and size of downtown; however, they ignored how access trips to transit stops were influenced by such factors. Seminal work by Meyer, Kain, and Wohl (1965) studied factors influencing bus and rail transit demand for three segments of trips – residential collection – distribution, line-haul, and downtown circulator – however, their work did not examine the direct effects of land-use variables. For example, in the case of access trips from home to rail stations, or what they call the residential collection-distribution segment, the number of “trip origins per city block” was used as the predictor of access demand. Standard trip generation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m92j0kr Tue, 12 Jun 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Cervero, Robert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hh7f652 <p>Transportation systems are the glue that binds together American cities. From the first boulevard, through the horse-drawn streetcars of the 19^th Century, through the electric trolleys of the early 1990s, to the freeways of the post-World War II era, transportation investments have long played a defining role in guiding the growth and development of metropolitan areas. What is today called the “transportation-land use connection” has been the object of study by geographers and economists for more than 150 years, and the focus of attention for developers and speculators for even longer.</p><p>This report explores the transit-land use connection from the transit side. Drawing on data for five urban rail transit systems here in California (BART, CalTrain, Sacramento Light Rail, the San Diego Trolley, and Santa Clara Light Rail), it uses statistical models to clarify the relationships between transit investments, land uses, and property values. Four types of transit-land... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hh7f652 Thu, 5 Apr 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Landis, John Guhathakurta, Subhrajit Huang, William Zhang, Ming Fukuji, Bruce https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hx4c6r4 This report examines recent experiences in the U.S. with transit-supportive developments – projects which, by design, give attention to the particular needs of transit users and pedestrians. The study focuses mainly on experiences in the suburbs and exurbs of large U.S. metropolises, which in most cases are served only by bus transit. Assessments are carried out at three levels – individual sites, neighborhoods, and communities.&nbsp;Since in the course of the research we found fewer U.S. examples of transit-supportive developments in bus-only suburban-exurban environs than popular accounts might have us believe, the study gives particular emphasis to implementation issues – how recent market and regulatory factors have influenced the transit-supportive design movement. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hx4c6r4 Thu, 5 Apr 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Cervero, Robert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22b0m62d <p>The study of New York’s biotechnology industry is published here in attempt to present the value of adopting a regional approach to the analysis of advanced technology industries, and to explore the extent to which distinctive economic policies are required, by both commercial and government organizations, to nurture the growth of industries based on knowledge rather than tangible resources. It presents evidence for the importance of focusing on the “region” as the unit of analysis in studies of industrial competitiveness, in addition to those of the nation or the individual firm.</p><p>This report summarizes the results of the comprehensive study of the biotechnology industry across the whole of New York state. A great deal of care was directed towards ensuring that organizations included in the study were properly classified and accurately documented; this has resulted in a body of information and an analytical framework which may serve as a benchmark for future studies of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22b0m62d Thu, 5 Apr 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Willoughby, Kelvin W. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ks4p362 This report examines evidence on the degree to which existing large-scale developments near rail stations in California have encouraged transit usage. Ridership patterns are studied for housing, office-workplace, and retail developments. In addition to quantifiying the ridership impacts of transit-focused developments, the study also seeks to explain those factors which appear to most directly account for the travel choices of people living, working, and shopping near rail stations. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ks4p362 Thu, 5 Apr 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Cervero, Robert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10j9z500 <p>America’s growing dependency on the private automobile is widely cited as a root cause of many of today’s urban problems – traffic congestion, air pollution, and faceless urban sprawl. In 1960, 43 million Americans commuted alone to work. By 1990 their numbers had risen to 101 million (U.S. department of Transportation, 1994). During the 1980s, the national share of drive alone commuters jumped from 64.4 percent to 73.2 (Pisarski, 1992). Nor do these trends appear to be slowing. The latest “State of the commute” report by the Commuter Transportation services (1994) – the annual tracking study of commuter behavior in the greater Los Angeles region – shows Southern California’s drive-alone rate increased from 77 percent in 1992 to 79 percent in 1993. Similar trends have been reported for the San Francisco Bay Area (RIDES, 1994).</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10j9z500 Thu, 5 Apr 2012 00:00:00 +0000 Bosselmann, Peter Cervero, Robert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kd3g0zf New Cities of the Pacific Rim https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kd3g0zf Mon, 31 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Edward J. Blakely Robert J. Stimson https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07t5930g <p>This report reviews transit-linked development in over two dozen U.S. cities, the history of joint development, and the evolving role of the Federal Transit Administration (formerly the Urban Mass Transit Administration). The report attempts to classify and catalogue existing joint-development projects by size, type, location, and year of completion. Included as an appendix are brief descriptions of the more than one hundred existing U.S. joint-development projects. An analysis was made on the financial impact joint development has had on the capital budgets of transit agencies that pursue joint development and the policy framework in which it occurs.</p><p>In addition, the study presents the results of a survey of transit officials responsible for negotiating joint development agreements and their appraisal of its effect on their agency's operating and financial performance as well as other goals.</p><p>Finally, the study uses quasi-experimental and multi-regression analysis... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07t5930g Tue, 25 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Robert Cervero Peter Hall John Landis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mt8q2rh <p>Introduction</p><p>This report deals with the methods that have been evolved in the USA for reallocating the costs of development infrastructure (roads, water supply, and other facilities) between the public and private sectors.</p><p>In the past it has been assumed that the public sector should meet most of these costs, recouping them by means of general and local taxation and user charges. In both America and the UK, housebuilders and other developers have generally been expected to provide on-site services (local estate roads, link-up to mains water and drainage, car parking ,etc.), but the public sector has been responsible for off-site provision -- major roads, water supply, sewerage, and a range of other physical infrastructure and community facilities. But it is not inevitable that all of these costs should be met by the public sector. It can be argued that there is a good case for those costs being met, at least in part, by the landowners, developers, and employers... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mt8q2rh Mon, 24 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 John Delafons https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cn4w34r <p>Introduction</p><p>This is the second report resulting from my tenure of a Nuffield and Leverhulme Travelling Fellowship in 1989-90. Both reports are published by IURD at Berkeley. They are written from the perspective of a British visitor to the US, and one who has spent most of his career at the Department of the Environment and in the fields of land-use planning policy and administration. Thirty years ago I had a similar Fellowship, in 1959-60 at Harvard, that led to the publication of my book Land Use Controls in the USA (MIT Press, Second Edition 1969).</p><p>My first report, Development Impact Fees and Other Devices, deals with the methods used in the USA for reallocating the costs of development infrastructure (roads, water, sewerage, parks, and other community facilities) between the public and private sectors. The present report on Aesthetic Control reviews the methods used in America to control the design of buildings. Originally I saw these as two quite distinct... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cn4w34r Mon, 24 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 John Delafons https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14660845 <p>Crowded and isolated Black and Latino neighborhoods are marked by economic deprivation and social depression. Many residents of these neighborhoods are disconnected from the larger society, no longer able to share in the values or social norms of majority America. The study of this concentrated poverty has become a new mini-industry. There has been a spate of books, reports, and articls on the phenomenon, which is variously known as "persistent poverty,", the underclass," or the "new poor." The authors of this book reject the label "underclass" because it is demeaning and "new poor" because it is inaccurate. We find it more profitable to focus on the problem of separation. Poverty has always afflicted America, and even long-term poverty has been an issue during other periods of the nation's development. Today, American society faces a period of growing social and economic separation, caused by worsened opportunities for the poor and resulting in more destructive long-term consequences... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14660845 Wed, 5 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 William Goldsmith Edward J. Blakely Lisa Bornstein David Campt Elizabeth Mueller https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zd4060g <p>Issues related to housing and land markets are a constant theme in the national life of Colombia. As Robledo (1985) declares:</p><p>The rapid urbanization of Colombia during the second half of the 20th century and the notorious housing shortage affecting the majority of the population; the invasion of idle lands and the confrontations with civil authorities; the sordid living conditions of the residents of inquiliantos (large old residences converted into rooming houses) and the periodic eviction of families that cannot pay the rent; the belts of misery that surround the cities and the millions of citizens who do not have access to public services; the growth of "pirate" subdivisions and the chronic underfinancing of the ICT (the government agency in charge of low-income housing); the proliferation of supposedly "non-profit" entities involved in self-help housing and the political payoffs from aiding low-income neighborhoods; the links between the UPAC (indexed savings certificates)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zd4060g Mon, 3 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 David E. Dowall P. Alan Treffeisen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fh7t14f <p>At the origins of the research presented here lie a dramatic dilemma and a striking paradox.</p><p>The dilemma concerns teh apparent contradiction between the use of resources to foster economic growth and the necessity to provide public expenses to cover elementary human needs. In most of the developing world, the housing situation has continued to deteriorate in the largest metropolitan areas. This has been true even when the areas were experiencing periods of sustained economic growth, as was the case for most of Asia, and for Latin America until the 1980s. The growing proportion of squatters among urban dwellers all over the world is evidence of this dilemma. thus, housing appears to be a burden for development and a need almost impossible to satisfy for the majority of the population until much later stages of development, which may never be reached by a given country.</p><p>The paradox is that Singapore and Hong Kong, the two countries with the highest rate of economic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fh7t14f Tue, 27 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Manuel Castells Lee Goh Reginald Y. W. Kwok Toh Lap Kee https://escholarship.org/uc/item/937953v1 <p>This report describes a study by the U.C. Berkeley Environmental Simulation and Building Technology Laboratories of development in downtown San Francisco and its consequences for street level sun, wind, and thermal comfort conditions. The study grew out of San Francisco residents' increasing concerns about the quality of the downtown environment,and is related to the measures now being considered to implement the San Francisco Downtown Plan.</p><p>This study continues the work presented in the Simulation Laboratory's 1983 report, Sun and Light for Downtown San Francisco. That research concerned itself with the shadowing produced by downtown buildings, and recommended procedures and standards for preserving sunlight on downtown sidewalks and open spaces. This research takes the next steps, considering the effects of buildings on both sun and wind conditions at street level and evaluating the combined effects of these conditions on pedestrian comfort. Rather than considering... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/937953v1 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Bosselmann, Peter Flores, Juan Gray, William Priestley, Thomas Anderson, Robin Arens, Edward Dowty, Peter So, Stanley Kim, Jong-Jin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp4f4xs <p>This report recognizes the variety of urban character and scale extant in downtown San Francisco as an important frame of reference for the way in which the city is seen and experienced both culturally and historically. The report provides a state-of-the-art analysis of sun access criteria for downtown streets and public open space and develops recommendations designed to protect and maintain the city's unique character.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp4f4xs Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Bosselmann, Peter Flores, Juan O'Hare, Terrence https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72r9s7dx <p>This report reviews employment issues and employment forecasts for the Sydney metropolitan region over the next 25 years as a basis for long-term metropolitan planning strategy. In particular, it examines the major forces likely to influence the future size and intra-urban geography of the major sectors of urban economic activity. A brief examination of the intra-urban geography of unemployment in Sydney is presented to place the question of future employment issues in context. Then, five key issues are examined for metropolitan Sydney through the year 2011. These are (a) the future of the manufacturing sector, (b) trends in tertiary services and the growth of the "information economy," (c) the rise of an advanced producer services sector, (d) the future role of Sydney both in relation to the growing Asian Pacific region and the national and state economies, and (e) the impacts of new technologies on production and services.</p><p>A critical review is made of possible future... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72r9s7dx Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Blakely, Edward J Fagan, Robert H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nw651fg <p>Parks and open spaces on Manhattan's Upper West Side are an important resource for people from all parts of New York City. Central Park and Riverside Park -- which are neighborhood amenities for Upper West Siders -- are two of the city's greatest treasures. These parks, both designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, provide a natural setting against the backdrop of the city; they are places where people can take refuge from high-density living conditions to relax or play.</p><p>More and more people are living or working on the Upper West Side, and the number is likely to increase. Around Lincoln Center and along Broadway several high-rise apartment buildings have been built in the past few years; more are proposed. In the district near the southwest edge of Central Park, developers have a number of high-rise office and residential structures on the drawing boards, including 58- and 68-story towers for the Coliseum site at Columbus Circle. If completed, these projects would continue... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nw651fg Wed, 21 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Peter Bosselmann Kevin Gilson Todd Bressi Norman Davis Carol Isen Richard Sinkhoff Matt Taecker Greg Levesque Rajeev Bhatia Fred Bauman Edward Arens David Ernest Gail McEachern The Parks Council https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64w1490b <p>In contrast to the private sector, public services in the United States are organized monopolistically. the structure of public sector monopoly has been bolstered by the conventional wisdom in public administration, which has traditionally maintained that functional duplication is wasteful. This position has recently been challenged by a small group of political scientists and economists who suggest that a redundant organizational structure can make the execution of a given program more reliable and make the design of new programs more innovative.</p><p>This study examines urban transit planning and operations, subjecting these two opposing perspectives to empirical scrutiny. It was hypothesized that, during transit planning, redundant planning would increase the intensity of search for transit alternatives, and that during operations, redundant modes would increase service reliability in the face of a variety of disturbances. These propositions were examined in three case... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64w1490b Wed, 21 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Jonathan B. Bendor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kv551hd <p>This report focuses on two concrete developments. One is the historical process that produced the Bay Area Rapid Transit District in 1957 and the district's particular regional rapid transit plan, approved by the voters of Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco counties in November, 1962. The other is the process that produced the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District in 1955 and 1956, and the particular transit service this District began operating in 1960. The relation between the two districts, the latter is contained within the former's territory, is one of the central concerns.</p><p>These developments are analyzed as contingent outcomes of a regional transit movement that was active during this period. Several aspects of this movement's history are analyzed. Its origins are located in the context of postwar automobile-based suburban growth and the decline of privately owned interurban transit. Government-owned interurban rapid transit, in addition to freeways and off-street... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kv551hd Wed, 21 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Seymour Adler https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qk1r0w6 Redundancy in Public Transit Vol. II: The Profits of Competition in Public Transit https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qk1r0w6 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Viton, Philip A. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hg9z2qn Redundancy in Public Transit Vol. I: On the Idea of an Integrated Transit System https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hg9z2qn Tue, 20 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Landau, Martin Chisholm, Donald Webber, Melvin M. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8km1q4h2 <p>The downward spiral frequently experienced by transit companies when they increase fares to make up for declining demand is well known. It is characteristic of an increasing-returns-to-scale industry where consumer inputs are essential to the production process. This paper formally incorporates both agency and consumer inputs in a cost framework and explores the short- and long-run costs of bus services. In so doing it is possible to trade off both consumer and agency costs, to arrive at optimal service levels. It is these service levels, with the mode "performing at its best," that form the basis of cost comparisons between transportation alternatives.</p><p>We find that off-peak frequencies should be considerably shorter than those typically prevailing on bus transit systems, and that marginal cost pricing would require a zero fare in the off-peak and a fare of up to 20 cents in the peak. This suggests that current rates might be continued in the peak and abolished in the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8km1q4h2 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Peter Fisher Philip Viton https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74t314c6 <p>Entropy is a fundamental concept in the physcial sciences, enshrined in the second law of thermodynamics. It is also a fundamental concept in information theory. In other areas it has gained considerable currency, sometimes faddish, sometimes as a powerful operating concept, sometimes an enlightening metaphor. Vincent Siciliano reviews and comments upon a broad variety of usages and conceptions of entropy in the natural sciences, in the social sciences, in art, in philosophy, and even in poetry. In addition to this panoramic survey, he presents some fresh ideas on systems of cities and social organizations.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74t314c6 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 A. Vincent Siciliano https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ww2w1bn <p>"The principal function of regional rapid transit is to meet enough of the peak period demands so that the more costly alternative of relying solely on freeways...can be avoided..." This quotation from the BART Composite Report of 1962 (1) summarizes the primary focus of modern urban transportation planning. The mounting congestion of urban auotmobile facilities during peak periods of the day combined with the desire to reduce devotion of urban resources to the automobile and the seeming inability of existing public transportation systems to provide competitive alternative carriage is the content of the so-called Urban Transportation Problem.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ww2w1bn Wed, 14 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Randall Johnston Pozdena https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sv458cg <p>The question addressed in this paper asks how to measure the value of additional expenditures for transportation compared to the value of spending for education, health, recreation, or other social services. The relevance of the inquiry has been increased by the rising costs of transportation, by the further pressures on cost from such factors as energy and metropolitan growth, and by the mounting competition for scarce resources in a period of economic uncertainty and expanding consumer demands. The approach suggested for dealing with this practical but elusive question is based on statistical relationships between the movement of people and goods and levels of economic activity in this country and abroad. Both the history of transportation and present day comparisons among nations in different stages of development make it clear that transportation is an essential ingredient of economic progress: the rich enjoy a high degree of mobility and the poor suffer from lack of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sv458cg Wed, 14 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Wilfred Owen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gr5k7xk <p>This project has developed cost estimates and comparisons for the major urban transportation modes -- auto, bus, and rail -- using data from the San Francisco Bay Area.</p><p>Intermodal cost comparison is useful for policy purposes, for it helps determine under what circumstances one mode is more efficient than another in terms of the resources it uses to provide a given service.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gr5k7xk Wed, 14 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Theodore E. Keeler Kenneth Small https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c10s9hz <p>New data gathered by the Census, larger computers, and significant advances in the statistical and mathematical treatment of demographic variables make it possible to conceive of a system of National Interregional Demographic Accounts. Such a system of accounts would subdivide the nation into a number of areas, possibly as fine as counties, and provide a complete picture of their population changes through births, deaths, migratory flows from all other localities and from abroad. It would be superior to the individual analyses and projections of particular localities by recognizing the interdependence of all localities, linking intimately the past and future history of each with those of the rest of the system. This system of accounts could be used to make projections of the national distribution of population under alternative birth rates, and it would serve to test the direct and indirect consequences of a variety of alternative national growth policies.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c10s9hz Tue, 13 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 William Alonso https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12n5f5zv Methodological Notes on Complex Survey Research Involving Life History Data https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12n5f5zv Tue, 13 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Perlman, Janice https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x0276v5 <p>The reasons for health planning are obvious and compelling: people demand better facilities for health care and health services. At some point, the classic system of mixed free enterprise and charity in the provision of services and facilities fails to meet popular demands, while at the same time, in a democratic system, the popular demand becomes a significant political factor. At that point, some level of government must arrange for provision -- there must be sufficient hospital beds, sufficient numbers of doctors, nurses and other personnel, sufficient educational facilities to train them, sophisticated technical equipment in the facilities, etc. The question then comes up of how many hospital beds are sufficient, how much personnel is sufficient, how they should be distributed, what means should be developed for an efficient distribution, how should new services and facilities be related to old ones, how should all this be paid for, and so on.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x0276v5 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Nathan Glazer https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gf1v6s9 <p>Probably the first real test of "maximum feasible participation" arose in San Francisco in 1964 and 1965 in a contest for power between San Francisco poverty groups and the city government. Drawing upon the momentum established in earlier civil rights struggles, these groups sought early realization of the promise of the language of the Economic Opportunity Act by seeking control of the poverty programs in San Francisco. The subsequent contest for power among Negro groups and between them and city government and within the poverty program staff and directorate is here described by Marjoie Myhill and Natalie Becker.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gf1v6s9 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Natalie Becker Marjorie Myhill https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rj9g2hc <p>The theme of death and transfiguration recurs as a leit-motiv throughout the long history of sociological speculations about the city. Each time, so it seems, just as one particular manifestation of urbanism has approached its terminal stage, a theorist has hastened to equate its matured form with the essence of urbanism sui generie, and ideologists have responded, each according to his values, to eulogize the lost or to rejoice.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rj9g2hc Mon, 12 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Janet Abu-Lughod https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62b709zd The City is Dead-- Long Live the City https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62b709zd Fri, 9 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0000 Abu-Lughod, Janet https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pd9k5g0 <p>The Bay Area Rapid Transit system (BART) has many characteristics of a huge social experiment—in vivo, as it were. Key element in a bold scheme to structure the future of the San Francisco region, BART was to stem the much-feared decline of the older metropolitan centers, while helping to give coherent order to the exploding suburbs. By offering a superior alternative to the automobile, BART was to make for congestion-free commuting. If successful, it would provide a model for rationalizing transportation and metropolitan development elsewhere.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pd9k5g0 Tue, 28 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0000 Webber, Melvin W. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zz6s7bm <p>This publication is the outcome of a symposium held at UC Berkeley in February 2007, organized by the Center for Global Metropolitan Studies at the Institute of Urban and Regional Development, UC Berkeley. It brought together urban and regional planners, architects, engineers, developers, artists, and academics to examine the perspectives of a largely underrepresented topic: shrinking cities.</p><p>The Future of Shrinking Cities: Problems, Patterns, and Strategies of Urban Transformation in a Global Context presents research carried out under the aegis of the Shrinking Cities International Research Network (SCiRN) and – in addition – selected case studies from the United States. The purpose of the publication is to encourage and inform discussion to improve the quality of life in shrinking cities. The authors identify and examine critical projects and issues in shrinking cities and present lessons learned from relevant projects and experiences in the US and abroad. The comparative... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zz6s7bm Wed, 2 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0000 Karina Pallagst et al https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0498v959 <p>This study examines the potential for individuals trapped in dead-end jobs in the service economy to cross the Digital Divide into jobs in the knowledge economy. The conventional wisdom is that the lack of human capital entraps workers in dead-end jobs, unable to capitalize on the demand for high-skilled labor in an increasingly networked -- and exclusive -- society. Other approaches focus on the demand side, suggesting that information technology (IT) itself acts to exacerbate societal divisions and ultimately income inequality, particularly in high-tech regions. IT not only drives the bifurcation of the economy into high-end knowledge analyst and low-skill service jobs, but also creates a new networked system of economic organization that has few access points for those who are "switched off." The implication is that as globalization accelerates and IT jobs shift offshore, these patterns of bifurcation, inequality, and job inaccessibility will only grow worse.</p><p>The... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0498v959 Mon, 14 Mar 2005 00:00:00 +0000 Chapple, Karen