http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/lbnl_rw/rss Recent eScholarship items from LBL Publications Fri, 22 May 2026 16:53:30 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nf506h4 Strain engineering serves as a pivotal strategy to optimize catalytic activity in electrocatalysis. However, the catalyst sizes under industrial conditions are usually large and even beyond nanometer regime. The critical methodological limitations on strain imaging of such catalysts with both large field of view and high spatial resolution obscure the mechanistic understanding of strain-performance correlations. Here, we present an optimized four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) method to acquire strain mapping of both bulk and surface across particles up to 500 nm with 0.6 nm spatial resolution and 0.55% precision. We observe the ripple-like periodic strain coupled with elemental fluctuations inside a perovskite-type hydroxide CuCoSn(OH)6 and find it correlated to electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (NO3–RR) absorption energy to achieve the 92.6% Faradaic efficiency and long-term test over 1000 h at membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for ammonia electrosynthesis.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nf506h4 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Tao, Yiyuan Zheng, Xingyu Huang, Shi Liu, Ershuai Lin, Yangjian Jiang, Qike Yang, Long Drisdell, Walter S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-4562 Xu, Tianding Yang, Yao https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s59d2cq Recent advances in moiré engineering motivate the study of lattice models of strongly correlated electrons subjected to substantial orbital magnetic flux. We analyze the triangular-lattice Hofstadter-Hubbard model at one-quarter flux quantum per plaquette and a density of one electron per site, where a chiral spin liquid phase may exist between weak-coupling integer quantum Hall and strong-coupling 120∘ antiferromagnetic phases. We use matrix product state methods and analytical arguments to investigate this model compactified to cylinders of finite circumference. We uncover a glide particle-hole symmetry operation which, we argue, is spontaneously broken at the quantum Hall to spin liquid transition on odd-circumference cylinders. We numerically verify the spontaneous symmetry breaking and further demonstrate that this transition is associated with algebraic long-range correlations of various spin-singlet, charge-neutral operators. For even-circumference cylinders, the transition... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s59d2cq Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Divic, Stefan Soejima, Tomohiro 副島智大 Crépel, Valentin Zaletel, Michael P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-7024 Millis, Andrew https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qt7n1rt Bioorganic chemists are inspired by natural biopolymers to design peptidomimetic oligomers that can exhibit sequence-structure-function relationships. Biomimetic polymers can be synthesized to incorporate a specific sequence of nonbiological monomer units using a variety of iterative solution-phase or solid-phase reaction schemes. These protocols generally provide access to a vast diversity of oligomeric compounds but are limited with respect to their ability to attain protein-like chain lengths. This constraint can preclude access to sequence-defined synthetic macromolecules with sufficient sizes required to exhibit tertiary structure and other protein-mimetic attributes. In contrast, peptide chemists have overcome this limitation by developing convergent synthetic methods, such as native chemical ligation, to join individual, smaller peptide chains together to make larger peptides or full proteins. A similar convergent approach is needed to establish efficient synthetic routes... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qt7n1rt Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Seraydarian, MatthewR Connolly, Michael D Zuckermann, Ronald N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-8860 Kirshenbaum, Kent https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kv7f1dx The gray-box modeling approach, which uses a semi-physical thermal network model, has been widely used in building prediction applications, such as model predictive control (MPC). However, unmeasured disturbances, such as occupants, lighting, and in/exfiltration loads, make it challenging to apply this approach to practical buildings. In this study, we propose a hybrid modeling approach that integrates the gray-box model with a model for unmeasured disturbance. After reviewing several system identification approaches, we systematically designed the unmeasured disturbance model with a model selection process based on statistical tests to make it robust. We generated data based on the building model calibrated by real operational data and then trained the hybrid model for two different weather conditions. The hybrid model approach demonstrates an RMSE reduction of approximately 0.2–0.9 ∘C and 0.3–2 ∘C on 1-day ahead temperature prediction compared to the Conventional approach for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kv7f1dx Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ham, Sang Woo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-2610 Kim, Donghun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-6341 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h629134 The LuxI/LuxR system, which produces and perceives <i>N</i>-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), plays a significant role in regulating pathogenesis and communication in gram-negative bacteria. A homologous system exists in <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> (<i>Pst</i>) DC3000, which is encoded by the single-copy genes <i>psyI/psyR</i>. We created a double-knockout mutant of the AHL synthase (<i>psyI</i>) and the AHL receptor (<i>psyR</i>) genes in <i>Pst</i> DC3000 and a corresponding complemented strain to gain insights into their role in plant-pathogen interactions and the metabolic processes associated with this system in vitro. We observed that the mutant strain <i>psyI^-R^-</i> can overcome stomatal immunity as the parental strain <i>Pst</i> DC3000. However, the <i>psyI^-R^-</i> apoplastic population is significantly smaller than that of <i>Pst</i> DC3000 at 3 days postinoculation. Furthermore, PsyI and PsyR are required for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h629134 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yeemin, Jirachaya Rossidivito, Gabrielle Bridges, David F Panchal, Shweta Rodrigues, Jorge L Mazza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-6462 Melotto, Maeli https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-9803 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cv3q119 Peatlands are waterlogged ecosystems that store large amounts of carbon, harbor highly specialized endemic biodiversity, and play a crucial role in climate regulation. However, the microbial communities of tropical peatlands, particularly in the Atlantic Forest, remain largely unexplored. Molecular tools are essential for characterizing these communities, yet conventional DNA extraction kits are often ineffective for peat soils, likely due to their high organic matter content, low pH, and the presence of PCR inhibitors. This study aimed to optimize a conventional soil DNA extraction protocol to enhance DNA yield and purity from tropical peat soils, ensuring more reliable molecular analyses. The optimized protocol resulted in a four-times increase in DNA concentration compared to the conventional protocol and improved DNA purity. Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed higher DNA integrity and also revealed the presence of RNA in samples subjected to the optimized protocol, indicating... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cv3q119 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gontijo, Júlia Brandão Firmino, Gabriel Valverde Mandro, Jéssica Adriele Reis, André Luiz Miranda Bieluczyk, Wanderlei Fernandes, Júlio César Feitosa de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa Rodrigues, Jorge Luiz Mazza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-6462 Tsai, Siu Mui Vidal-Torrado, Pablo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96m9b586 In future nuclear arms control treaties, it will be necessary to authenticate the hardware and software components of verification measurement systems. This article introduces the ­concept of physical differential fuzz testing as a challenge-response-style tamper indicator that can holistically and simultaneously test various components in a cyber-physical system. This concept is then applied to authenticating the radiation measurement equipment in nuclear weapon verification systems and conducting demonstration fuzz testing measurements with a sodium iodide (NaI) gamma ray spectrometer. We show that physical differential fuzz testing can detect two types of tamper attempts, and conclude that it is a promising framework for authenticating future cyber-physical systems in nuclear arms control, safeguards, and beyond. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96m9b586 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vavrek, Jayson R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-9380 Zhou, Luozhong Boverhof, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-6613 Heymann, Elisa R Miller, Barton P Peisert, Sean https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-9719 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vm1k5vr Recently, IceCube reported neutrino emission from the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. Using 13.1 yr of IceCube data, we present a follow-up search for neutrino sources in the northern sky. NGC 1068 remains the most significant neutrino source among 110 preselected gamma-ray emitters while also being spatially compatible with the most significant location in the northern sky. Its energy spectrum is characterized by an unbroken power-law with spectral index γ = 3.4 ± 0.2. Consistent with previous results, the observed neutrino flux exceeds its gamma-ray counterpart by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Motivated by this disparity and the high X-ray luminosity of the source, we selected 47 X-ray-bright Seyfert galaxies from the Swift/BAT spectroscopic survey that were not included in the list of gamma-ray emitters. When testing this collection for neutrino emission, we observe a 3.3σ excess from an ensemble of 11 sources, with NGC 1068 excluded from the sample. Our results strengthen the evidence... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vm1k5vr Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Abbasi, R Ackermann, M Adams, J Agarwalla, SK Aguilar, JA Ahlers, M Alameddine, JM Ali, S Amin, NM Andeen, K Argüelles, C Ashida, Y Athanasiadou, S Axani, SN Babu, R Bai, X Baines-Holmes, J V., A Balagopal Barwick, SW https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-6714 Bash, S Basu, V Bay, R Beatty, JJ Tjus, J Becker Behrens, P Beise, J Bellenghi, C Benkel, B BenZvi, S Berley, D Bernardini, E Besson, DZ Blaufuss, E Bloom, L Blot, S Bodo, I Bontempo, F Motzkin, JY Book Meneguolo, C Boscolo Böser, S Botner, O Böttcher, J Braun, J Brinson, B Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z Burley, RT Butterfield, D Campana, MA Carloni, K Carpio, J Chattopadhyay, S Chau, N Chen, Z Chirkin, D Choi, S Clark, BA Coleman, A Coleman, P Collin, GH Borja, DA Coloma Connolly, A Conrad, JM Cowen, DF De Clercq, C DeLaunay, JJ Delgado, D Delmeulle, T Deng, S Desiati, P de Vries, KD de Wasseige, G DeYoung, T Díaz-Vélez, JC DiKerby, S Ding, T Dittmer, M Domi, A Draper, L Dueser, L Durnford, D Dutta, K DuVernois, MA Ehrhardt, T Eidenschink, L Eimer, A Eller, P Ellinger, E Elsässer, D Engel, R Erpenbeck, H Esmail, W Eulig, S Evans, J Evenson, PA Fan, KL Fang, K Farrag, K Fazely, AR Fedynitch, A Feigl, N https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ts9j72v This study presents a long-term monitoring strategy for early risk warning of the remobilization of contaminants, mainly attenuated through an ion exchange reaction, induced by abrupt changes in geochemical conditions. The strategy aims to utilize readily in-situ measurable groundwater quality parameters in the prediction of near-future contaminant remobilization caused by cation exchange reactions. The proposed approach was demonstrated using historical monitoring data from the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) F Area, which experienced abrupt geochemical disturbance during the pump-treat-reinjection remedy, and a reactive transport model developed through this study to understand ⁹⁰Sr migration behavior in the subsurface of the SRS F Area. Both historical monitoring data analysis and reactive transport modeling results revealed a measurable temporal separation (time lag) between the arrival of background electrolyte perturbation and subsequent remobilized... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ts9j72v Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Han, Sol-Chan Gonzalez-Raymat, Hansell Denham, Miles Bandai, Toshiyuki Xu, Zexuan Molins, Sergi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-3218 Wainwright, Haruko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-6072 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k89h7wv Quantum Chromodynamics predicts a phase transition from hadronic matter to quark–gluon plasma (QGP) at high temperatures and energy densities, where quarks and gluons (partons) are no longer confined within hadrons. The QGP forms in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Anisotropic flow coefficients, quantifying the azimuthal expansion of produced matter, probe QGP properties. Flow measurements in high-energy heavy-ion collisions show a distinctive grouping of anisotropic flow for baryons and mesons at intermediate transverse momentum – a feature associated with flow imparted at the quark level, confirming QGP existence. The observation of QGP-like features in proton–proton and proton–ion collisions has sparked debate about QGP formation in smaller systems. For the first time, we demonstrate the distinctive grouping of anisotropic flow for baryons and mesons in high-multiplicity proton–lead and proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These results are described... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k89h7wv Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Acharya, S Agarwal, A Rinella, G Aglieri Aglietta, L Agnello, M Agrawal, N Ahammed, Z Ahmad, S Ahn, SU Ahuja, I Akindinov, A Akishina, V Al-Turany, M Aleksandrov, D Alessandro, B Alfanda, HM Molina, R Alfaro Ali, B Alici, A Alizadehvandchali, N Alkin, A Alme, J Alocco, G Alt, T Altamura, AR Altsybeev, I Alvarado, JR Alvarez, COR Anaam, MN Andrei, C Andreou, N Andronic, A Andronov, E Anguelov, V Antinori, F Antonioli, P Apadula, N Aphecetche, L Appelshäuser, H Arata, C Arcelli, S Arnaldi, R Arneiro, JGMCA Arsene, IC Arslandok, M Augustinus, A Averbeck, R Averyanov, D Azmi, MD Baba, H Badalà, A Bae, J Bae, Y Baek, YW Bai, X Bailhache, R Bailung, Y Bala, R Balbino, A Baldisseri, A Balis, B Banoo, Z Barbasova, V Barile, F Barioglio, L Barlou, M Barman, B Barnaföldi, GG Barnby, LS Barreau, E Barret, V Barreto, L Bartels, C Barth, K Bartsch, E Bastid, N Basu, S Batigne, G Battistini, D Batyunya, B Bauri, D Alba, JL Bazo Bearden, IG Beattie, C Becht, P Behera, D Belikov, I Hechavarria, ADC Bell Bellini, F Bellwied, R Belokurova, S Beltran, LGE Beltran, YAV Bencedi, G Bensaoula, A Beole, S Berdnikov, Y Berdnikova, A Bergmann, L Besoiu, MG https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m02v1rd We perform the first high-throughput search and evaluation of materials that can serve as excellent low-mass dark matter detectors. Using properties of close to 1000 materials from the Materials Project database, we project the sensitivity in dark matter parameter space for experiments constructed from each material, including both absorption and scattering processes between dark matter and electrons. Using the anisotropic materials in the dataset, we further compute the level of daily modulation in interaction rates and the resulting directional sensitivities, highlighting materials with prospects to detect the dark matter wind. Our methods provide the basic tools for the data-driven design of dark matter detectors, and our findings lay the groundwork for the next generation of highly optimized direct searches for dark matter as light as the keV scale. This represents a major step in the application of results from condensed matter physics to dark matter search design. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m02v1rd Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Griffin, Sinéad M Hochberg, Yonit Lehmann, Benjamin V https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7735-4673 Ovadia, Rotem https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8569-0938 Persson, Kristin A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-5509 Suter, Bethany A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-5771 Yang, Ruo Xi Zhao, Wayne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-9680 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kv3p3jb Extreme heat events have widespread effects on power systems, reducing available generation capacity, limiting transmission capabilities, and causing unusual demand patterns on the consumer side. As these combined effects expose bulk transmission systems to potential large-scale blackouts, utilities may be required to schedule and apply rotating outages, by temporarily and alternately disconnecting distribution substations to reduce overload. However, utilities lack mechanisms to inform these events, exacerbating the negative effects of heat waves on affected communities. This paper introduces a novel framework for scheduling rotating outages during heat waves while considering impacts on consumers’ safety. Instead of random sequential load shedding, we propose a methodology to rotate power outages considering a metric that quantifies the indoor overheating risk of groups of consumers during a power outage. The overheating risk is derived from a detailed building simulation using... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kv3p3jb Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rodriguez-Garcia, Luis Heleno, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-7661 Zhang, Wanni Li, Han https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-9907 Sun, Kaiyu Hong, Tianzhen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-9137 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6628x1m2 Abstract We present 230 Th‐ 238 U crystallization ages and trace element compositions for zircons spanning the late Pleistocene to Holocene rhyolite eruptive record at South Sister volcano in the central Oregon Cascade Range. Most zircon ages are between 100 and 20&nbsp;ka, with very few in secular equilibrium (&gt;350&nbsp;ka). The weighted mean of zircon ages for the two oldest South Sister rhyolites, 31.5&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.1 and 39.1&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.4&nbsp;ka, are significantly younger than the associated 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, 47.4&nbsp;±&nbsp;9.7 and 51.4&nbsp;±&nbsp;9.7&nbsp;ka. We propose that these 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates, performed on plagioclase separates, are compromised by a subtle amount of excess Ar and therefore the younger weighted mean zircon ages yield more reliable eruption ages. These results imply that the interval of rhyolite eruption at South Sister during the late Pleistocene was both shorter and more productive than previously thought and that eruption at South Sister... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6628x1m2 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dechert, Annika E https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3859-0284 Andersen, Nathan L Dufek, Josef Jilly, Christine E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f61q0gf The structural biology method of X-ray footprinting mass spectrometry (XFMS) is available at two national synchrotron beamlines in the USA: one at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) on the West Coast and the other at the National Synchrotron Light Source II on the East Coast. XFMS is a solution-state technique that utilizes oxidative modifications of proteins at micromolar concentrations in aqueous buffer to extract structural information. X-rays are employed to generate hydroxyl radicals in situ, which covalently modify specific protein side chains. These modifications are subsequently quantified using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Ratiometric changes in modification levels between two protein states (e.g. with and without ligand) generate a relative solvent accessibility map of the protein pairs, which serves to reveal structural features. Up until recently, the XFMS capability was available as part of a shared program at the ALS without a dedicated beamline. In... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f61q0gf Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gupta, Sayan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-068X Russell, Brandon Kristensen, Line G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-2861 de Chant, Jared Lu, Anthony Obst-Huebl, Lieselotte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9236-8037 Rad, Behzad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-9168 Tyler, James Subramanian, Simruthi Kidd, Savannah Paul, Sathi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-925X Chen, Yan Petzold, Christopher J Kahan, Darren N Costello, Shawn M Nakamura, Kei Inman, Jamie L MacDowell, Alastair A Spucces, Adrian Ralston, Corie Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-0951 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t28f2km The protein Lgl1 is a key regulator of cell polarity. We previously showed that Lgl1 is inactivated by hyperphosphorylation in glioblastoma as a consequence of PTEN tumour suppressor loss and aberrant activation of the PI 3-kinase pathway; this contributes to glioblastoma pathogenesis both by promoting invasion and repressing glioblastoma cell differentiation. Lgl1 is phosphorylated by atypical protein kinase C that has been activated by binding to a complex of the scaffolding protein Par6 and active, GTP-bound Rac. The specific Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors that generate active Rac to promote Lgl1 hyperphosphorylation in glioblastoma are unknown. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout PREX1, a PI 3-kinase pathway-responsive Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor, in patient-derived glioblastoma cells. Knockout cells had reduced Lgl1 phosphorylation, which was reversed by re-expressing PREX1. They also had reduced motility and an altered phenotype suggestive of partial neuronal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t28f2km Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lavictoire, Sylvie Jomaa, Danny Gont, Alexander Jardine, Kolby Cook, David Lorimer, Ian https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sk6c1n9 Microorganisms live in communities within and on the surface of soil aggregates of varying sizes. A growing body of evidence suggests that different size fractions of aggregates are habitats for distinct microbial communities, but comparisons have been difficult owing to different aggregate separation methods. Two aggregate isolation methods, dry and wet sieving, originating from field moist and dried soils were used to investigate their effects on the prokaryotic and fungal communities in four aggregate size fractions (large macroaggregates (&gt;2000&nbsp;μm), small macroaggregates (250–2000&nbsp;μm), microaggregates (53–250&nbsp;μm), and silt &amp; clay (&lt;53&nbsp;μm)) using metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer. While prokaryotic community composition among treatments in each of the four size fractions was different, the composition and alpha diversity for fungi were more resistant to change in large and small macroaggregates than in the microaggregate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sk6c1n9 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lin, Jonathan Y Wang, Daoyuan McMillan, Cameron K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2721-1532 Law, C Scow, Kate M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-1122 Rodrigues, Jorge L Mazza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-6462 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k18215s Representing real-time data as a sum of complex exponentials provides a compact form that enables both denoising and extrapolation. As a fully data-driven method, the Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm is agnostic to the underlying physical equations, making it broadly applicable to various observables and experimental or numerical setups. In this work, we consider applications of the ESPRIT algorithm primarily to extend real-time dynamical data from simulations of quantum systems. We evaluate ESPRIT's performance in the presence of noise and compare it to other extrapolation methods. We demonstrate its ability to extract information from short-time dynamics to reliably predict long-time behavior and determine the minimum time interval required for accurate results. We discuss how this insight can be leveraged in numerical methods that propagate quantum systems in time, and we show how ESPRIT can predict infinite-time values... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k18215s Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Erpenbeck, André Zhu, Yuanran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-4161 Yu, Yang Zhang, Lei Gerum, Richard Goulko, Olga Yang, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-7539 Cohen, Guy Gull, Emanuel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45d3n8mr An understanding of the pulse shape of organic scintillators can provide insight into scintillation mechanisms and inform the selection of the optimal detector material for a given application. Although the timing properties of organic scintillators have been extensively studied, significant discrepancies persist in reported rise and decay times. New plastic scintillating media have also been developed in recent years for which no literature data exist. The goal of this work is to provide high-precision measurements of the pulse shape of a suite of fast plastic organic scintillators from Eljen Technology—EJ-200, EJ-204, EJ-208, EJ-230, EJ-232, and EJ-232Q (with 0.5% benzophenone)—under excitation from γ -ray sources. The contributors to the system temporal resolution were quantified, and the dominant source of uncertainty was identified as the determination of the start time of a scintillation event. A pulse shape model was applied to the reconstructed temporal distributions,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45d3n8mr Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sebastian, JR Goldblum, BL https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-9240 Brown, JA Laplace, TA Gordon, JM Hurlbut, C Brubaker, E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vz22235 This paper was written in preparation for the Workforce Accelerator for Fusion Energy Development conference, which was funded by the National Science Foundation. Prior to the conference, participants from academia, government, industry, national laboratories, and nonprofit organizations worked together to write White papers. Held in Hampton, Virginia, in May 2024, the conference convened participants to discuss various topics in support of workforce development in fusion energy. As the fusion industry expands, efforts to recruit and retain a diverse workforce, ensure equitable access to fusion education, and gain public support will be critical to meeting workforce needs in this field. We outline strategic recommendations across three vital areas: improving diversity data collection; supporting career advancement and retention with a diversity, equity, inclusion, accessibility, and belonging focus; and strengthening community engagement and education in fusion energy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vz22235 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cote, Laleh E Kelly, Kate Thome, Kathreen Anderson, Caroline Ferris, Louise Eskew, Jessica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3n6776qv A family of cobalt-oxo bis(cubane) complexes wherein each subunit is derived from the Co₄O₄ cubane, a known water oxidation catalyst, was synthesized. Both 4,4'-bipyrdine and pyrazine were demonstrated to serve as viable bridging ligands. Through an analysis of their half-wave splitting potentials, it was determined that pyrazine-bridged bis(cubane)s exhibit inter-cubane electronic coupling, and that this coupling may be tuned through ligand substitution. Electrostatic contributions to the half-wave splitting potentials were evaluated and found to result in "non-conformist" behavior related to the ion-pairing ability of the electrolytes. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3n6776qv Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maddi, Vincent JP Tilley, T Don https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-9099 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jr0z61k High entropy spinel oxides provide a versatile platform for electrocatalysis because multiple metal cations can be incorporated into a single crystalline lattice, enabling tunable electronic structures. However, controlling how these cations distribute between tetrahedral and octahedral coordination sites remains a major challenge, limiting rational catalyst design. Here, we modulate cation coordination site occupancy between tetrahedral and octahedral sites in a Co–Fe–Cr–Mn–Ni framework by introducing a sixth cation (Zn, Ga, Mg, or Al) with distinct site preference energies. Using density functional theory, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic circular dichroism, we demonstrate that Zn preferentially occupies tetrahedral sites, driving increased octahedral occupancy of cobalt. This redistribution increases the population of octahedrally coordinated cobalt in mixed oxidation states, enhances electrical conductivity, and improves oxygen evolution reaction activity.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jr0z61k Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Baek, Jihyun Hamkins, Kiran Srinivasan Li, Yuzhe Garcia-Esparza, Angel T Liu, Tianying Kuo, Cheng-Tai Lee, Jun-Sik Potter, Adam Wallace Kim, Sungsoon Wang, Yifan Ding, Honghe Li, Jialu Zhuo, Zengqing Guo, Jinghua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-2172 Bajdich, Michal Zheng, Xiaolin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26p4j7fc The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed extragalactic astrophysical neutrinos with an apparently isotropic distribution. Only a small fraction of the observed astrophysical neutrinos can be explained by known sources. Neutrino production is thought to occur in energetic environments that are ultimately powered by the gravitational collapse of dense regions of the large-scale mass distribution in the universe. Whatever their identity, neutrino sources likely trace this large-scale mass distribution. The clustering of neutrinos with a tracer of the large-scale structure may provide insight into the distribution of neutrino sources with respect to redshift and the identity of neutrino sources. We implement a two-point angular cross correlation of the Northern sky track events with an infrared galaxy catalog derived from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) source catalogs, which trace the nearby large-scale structure. No statistically... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26p4j7fc Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Abbasi, R Ackermann, M Adams, J Agarwalla, SK Aguilar, JA Ahlers, M Alameddine, JM Ali, S Amin, NM Andeen, K Argüelles, C Ashida, Y Athanasiadou, S Axani, SN Babu, R Bai, X Baines-Holmes, J V., A Balagopal Barwick, SW https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-6714 Bash, S Basu, V Bay, R Beatty, JJ Tjus, J Becker Behrens, P Beise, J Bellenghi, C Benkel, B BenZvi, S Berley, D Bernardini, E Besson, DZ Blaufuss, E Bloom, L Blot, S Bodo, I Bontempo, F Motzkin, JY Book Meneguolo, C Boscolo Böser, S Botner, O Böttcher, J Braun, J Brinson, B Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z Burley, RT Butterfield, D Campana, MA Carloni, K Carpio, J Chattopadhyay, S Chau, N Chen, Z Chirkin, D Choi, S Clark, BA Coleman, A Coleman, P Collin, GH Borja, DA Coloma Connolly, A Conrad, JM Cowen, DF De Clercq, C DeLaunay, JJ Delgado, D Delmeulle, T Deng, S Desiati, P de Vries, KD de Wasseige, G DeYoung, T Díaz-Vélez, JC DiKerby, S Ding, T Dittmer, M Domi, A Draper, L Dueser, L Durnford, D Dutta, K DuVernois, MA Ehrhardt, T Eidenschink, L Eimer, A Eller, P Ellinger, E Elsässer, D Engel, R Erpenbeck, H Esmail, W Eulig, S Evans, J Evenson, PA Fan, KL Fang, K Farrag, K Fazely, AR Fedynitch, A Feigl, N https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zj4s8r3 The Amazon rainforest is facing multifaceted anthropogenic pressures, and we previously showed that forest-to-pasture conversion has led to soil microbial communities with distinct genomic traits. Here, we present 69 archaeal and bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes and detail their virulence- and antimicrobial resistance-associated genes. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zj4s8r3 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Venturini, Andressa M Gontijo, Júlia B Berrios, Louis Rodrigues, Jorge L Mazza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-6462 Peay, Kabir G Tsai, Siu M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qf2g62f Land-use change in the Amazon Rainforest impacts soil properties and belowground microbial communities, with far-reaching implications for soil ecosystem services, including methane cycle processes. However, it is unclear whether the known methane sink-to-source shift observed after forest-to-pasture conversion occurs consistently throughout the year, or whether forest regeneration can help us restore this crucial ecosystem process. Here, we assessed the impacts of forest-to-pasture conversion and forest regeneration in the Amazon Rainforest on its soil properties and microbial communities, focusing on methane-related microbiota, using 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Conversion resulted in significant changes in soil chemistry and microbial communities, while seasonality and its interaction with land use intensified those differences. Land-use change also increased the abundance of methanotrophs and methanogens, but the ratio between both groups was altered,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qf2g62f Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mandro, Jéssica Adriele Gontijo, Júlia Brandão Nakamura, Fernanda Mancini Borges, Clovis Daniel Oliveira, Raimundo Cosme Berenguer, Erika Bohannan, Brendan James Marc Nüsslein, Klaus Rodrigues, Jorge Luiz Mazza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-6462 Tsai, Siu Mui Venturini, Andressa Monteiro https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kc9018z In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear e+e−$$\mathrm{e}^{+}\mathrm{e}^{-} $$ colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology that is mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much higher energies and/or luminosities. In addition, we discuss detectors, alternative collider modes, as well as opportunities for beyond-collider experiments and R&amp;D facilities as part of a linear collider facility (LCF). The material of this paper supports all plans for e+e−$$\mathrm{e}^{+}\mathrm{e}^{-} $$ linear colliders and the additional opportunities they offer, independently of technology choice or proposed site, as well as R&amp;D for advanced accelerator technologies. This joint perspective on the physics goals, early technologies and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kc9018z Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Abramowicz, H Adli, E Alharthi, F Almanza-Soto, M Altakach, MM Altmannshofer, W Ampudia Castelazo, S Angal-Kalinin, D Anguiano, J Appleby, RB Apsimon, O Arbey, A Arco, F Arquero, O Aryshev, A Asai, S Attié, D Avila-Jimenez, JL Baer, H Bagger, JA Bai, Y Bailey, IR Balazs, C Bambade, P Barklow, T Baudot, J Bechtle, P Behnke, T Bellerive, AB Belomestnykh, S Benhammou, Y Berenguer-Antequera, J Berger, M Berggren, M Bertucci, M Besançon, M Bett, D Bhat, P-C Biekötter, T Bilanishvili, S Bilki, B Bilki, B Bjelland, VM Björklund Svensson, J Blanch, C de Blas, J Bliewert, B Boehler, M Boogert, S Boronat, M Boudry, V Bourilkov, D Bozovic, I Braathen, J Brau, JE Breuning, C Brient, J-C Brock, I Brudnowski, B Buesser, K Bulyak, E Burrows, PN Burt, G Cakir, O Caldwell, A Canbay, AC Celiberto, FG Cenni, E Chaikovska, I Chehab, R Chen, JBB Chen, G Chikamatsu, T Cilento, V Colas, P Coman, M Del Core, E Corner, L Cornet, F Cornet-Gomez, F Corriveau, F Corsini, R Cvach, J Damerell, C D’Arcy, R Das, A Dasu, S Demarteau, M Denizli, H Dermisek, R Dhar, A Dittmaier, S Djurabekova, F Donegani, EM Doyle, A Drobniak, P Dudar, B Duran Yildiz, H Durieux, G Dutta, J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k29v05c Manure is a valuable agricultural resource, providing essential nutrients for plant growth and soil health improvement, but studies evaluating the consequences of multiple manure applications to the soil microbial community and carbon (C) cycle processes mediated by microbes remains scarce. We compared microbial communities in a 665 days-field study of corn-wheat rotation plots with or without annual composted dairy manure amendments. We found a higher microbial C use efficiency (CUE, p &lt; 0.05) in soils with than without manure. We performed stable isotope probing to identify microbial groups responsible for C incorporation in manure-applied soils. Members of the Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadota, Myxococcota, Planctomycetota, and Proteobacteria responded to manure amendments in both summer seasons and increased significantly in abundance and diversity (p &lt; 0.05) over the study period. In contrast, C-incorporators in zero manure soils were of similar... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k29v05c Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sayre, Jordan M Wang, Daoyuan Erikson, Christian Gontijo, Júlia Brandão Scow, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-1122 Mazza Rodrigues, Jorge L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-6462 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zg646g3 We present AstraAI, a command-line interface (CLI) coding framework for high-performance computing (HPC) software development. AstraAI operates directly within a Linux terminal and integrates large language models (LLMs) with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)-based structural analysis to enable context-aware code generation for complex scientific codebases. The central idea is to construct a high-fidelity prompt that is passed to the LLM for inference. This prompt augments the user request with relevant code snippets retrieved from the underlying framework codebase via RAG and structural context extracted from AST analysis, providing the model with precise information about relevant functions, data structures, and overall code organization. The framework is designed to perform scoped modifications to source code while preserving structural consistency with the surrounding code. AstraAI supports both locally hosted models from Hugging Face and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zg646g3 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Natarajan, Mahesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-1981 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rj9b2j7 Nanoparticles (NPs) hold promise for enhancing plant growth and productivity under stress and nutrient deficiency. Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient, and its insufficiency results in stunted growth and diminished yield. In this study, we developed a novel NP, namely manganese-doped cerium oxide (MnCeO2), to mitigate Mn deficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).&nbsp;The NPs were produced utilizing the sol-gel technique and characterized for their physical and morphological properties by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution-TEM (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The NPs (200 mg L− 1) were subjected to barley seedlings in a hydroponic culture under non-deficient (Mn0), 50% Mn-deficient (Mn50), and 100% Mn-deficient (Mn100) conditions. The physiological, morphological, and nutritional status of the seedlings were evaluated. Moreover, their... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0rj9b2j7 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Alghofaili, Fatimah Tombuloglu, Huseyin Almessiere, Munirah A Tombuloglu, Guzin Alsaeed, Moneerah Akhtar, Sultan Baykal, Abdulhadi Sandalli, Cemal Turumtay, Halbay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-8103 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nj3h4qx Viruses are pivotal agents of prokaryotic dynamics and nutrient cycling, yet their responses to long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization in agroecosystems remain unclear. We investigated viral communities and phosphorus (P) cycling genes across three &gt;30-year agroecosystem experiments with N fertilization. Long-term N fertilization reshaped viral communities, increasing viral abundance and lysogenic prevalence, while enriching viral taxa such as Uroviricota. Soil acidification, rather than N availability, was the primary driver of these shifts. Although prokaryotic P-solubilization and uptake genes declined under N fertilization, viral P-cycling genes increased and were strongly linked to acidification. These results suggest that viruses may modulate prokaryotic P-cycling under soil acidification and highlight their underappreciated role in regulating nutrient cycling in fertilized agroecosystems. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nj3h4qx Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cheng, Shuxun Dai, Zhongmin He, Dan Xue, Ran Zhao, Kankan Rodrigues, Jorge L Mazza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-6462 Mendes, Lucas W Chang, Scott X Xu, Jianming https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k30q5vb POLAR II. Modeling the star formation history of galaxies on the 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k30q5vb Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ma, Qing-Bo Ghara, Raghunath Ciardi, Benedetta Acharya, Anshuman Yue, Bin Iliev, Ilian T Koopmans, Leon VE Mellema, Garrelt Zaroubi, Saleem https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0551r1k0 We derived and implemented the calculation of the one-body reduced density matrix for Aufbau suppressed coupled cluster theory, from which excited state natural orbitals and one-body properties, like atomic populations and dipole moments, are obtained. We utilized the natural orbitals to refine the ASCC solution for simple valence and Rydberg systems, exploring the process of repeatedly solving the ASCC equations in successive natural orbital bases to achieve independence from the starting molecular orbitals. For dipole moments in small molecules where high-level comparison data is available, we find that the accuracy of ASCC essentially matches that of linear response and equation-of-motion coupled cluster as long as care is taken to preserve the response's perturbative completeness. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0551r1k0 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bready, Conor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5879-7786 Tuckman, Harrison Neuscamman, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-8238 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0221t41j Abstract From 2019 to 2024, gravity surveys were conducted at the Three Sisters volcanic cluster (TSVC), measuring 246 gravity sites using a spring relative gravimeter. We calculated the residual Bouguer anomaly and identified three main zones with negative anomalies, ranging from −4 to −8&nbsp;mGal, located southwest and west of South Sister, within an area that has been uplifting for the past two decades. After inversion, we obtain a 3D density model of the subsurface and identify low‐density bodies extending from the surface down to 3&nbsp;km. We estimate a total of 15&nbsp;k of crustal bodies with density close to 2&nbsp;g/ that could store up to 5&nbsp;k of water, forming an extensive hydrothermal system beneath the TSVC. We explore the possible combinations of melt compositions and temperatures that could create a bulk density close to our reference crustal density (2.5&nbsp;g/) using MELTS thermodynamic simulations. Our results indicate that a magmatic mush with as little... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0221t41j Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Le Mével, Hélène Andersen, Nathan L Dechert, Annika E https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3859-0284 Dufek, Josef https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h54z28q This document specifies an interface to support the multi-image parallelism features of Fortran, named the Parallel Runtime Interface for Fortran (PRIF). PRIF is a solution in which a runtime library is primarily responsible for implementing coarray allocation, deallocation and accesses, image synchronization, atomic operations, events, teams and collective subroutines. The Fortran compiler is responsible for transforming the invocation of Fortran-level multi-image parallelism features into procedure calls to the necessary PRIF subroutines. The interface is designed for portability across shared- and distributed-memory machines, different operating systems, and multiple architectures. Implementations of this interface are intended as an augmentation for the compiler's own runtime library. With an implementation-agnostic interface, alternative parallel runtime libraries may be developed that support the same interface. One benefit of this approach is the ability to vary the communication... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h54z28q Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bonachea, Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-9349 Rasmussen, Katherine Rouson, Damian Richardson, Brad Pailleux, Jean-Didier Renault, Etienne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82n0w5j0 National Center for Advanced Materials (NCAM): Vol. I --Summary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82n0w5j0 Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Accelerator and Fusion Research Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2km9t4wr We present two approaches for “painting” baryonic properties relevant to the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect—optical depth and Compton-y—onto three-dimensional N-body simulations, using the MillenniumTNG suite as a benchmark. The goal of these methods is to produce fast and accurate reconstruction methods to aid future analyses of baryonic feedback using the SZ effect. The first approach employs a Gaussian process emulator to model the SZ quantities via a transfer function, while the second utilizes hybrid effective field theory (HEFT) to reproduce these quantities within the simulation. Our analysis involves comparing both methods to the true MillenniumTNG optical depth and Compton-y fields using several metrics, including the cross-correlation coefficient, power spectrum, and power spectrum error. Additionally, we assess how well the reconstructed fields correlate with dark matter haloes across various mass thresholds. The results indicate that the transfer function method yields... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2km9t4wr Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, R Henry Hadzhiyska, Boryana Ferraro, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-7854 Bose, Sownak Hernández-Aguayo, César https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26r2v553 This perspective outlines emerging trends, key challenges, and future opportunities in evolutionary and comparative genomics. Our starting point are the topics presented at the 2024 EMBO Early Career Lecture Course "Evolutionary and Comparative Genomics", which highlighted recent conceptual and methodological advances in areas ranging from microbial pangenomes, protein evolution, hybrid speciation, novel gene origination and transposon dynamics. Here, we emphasize the role of computational and molecular approaches, providing a forward-looking view on where the field is headed and how it is being reshaped by new technologies and approaches. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/26r2v553 Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gavriilidou, Athina Stamatakis, Alexandros Kupczok, Anne Bista, Iliana Jiggins, Chris D Fernández, Rosa Skourtanioti, Eirini Amoutzias, Grigoris Delneri, Daniela Kyrpides, Nikos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-0462 Nikolaou, Christoforos Pittis, Alexandros A Manousaki, Tereza Vakirlis, Nikolaos https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xm9b9jm We present a systematic investigation of particle-number fluctuations in the crossover region near the critical end point of a first-order phase transition using molecular dynamics simulations of the classical Lennard-Jones fluid. We extend our prior studies to third- and fourth-order cumulants in both coordinate- and momentum-space acceptances and integrated correlation functions (factorial cumulants). We find that, even near the critical point, non-Gaussian cumulants equilibrate on timescales comparable to those of the second-order cumulants, but show stronger finite-size effects. The presence of interactions and of the critical point leads to strong deviations of the cumulants from the ideal-gas baseline in coordinate space; these deviations are expected to persist in momentum space in the presence of collective expansion. In particular, the kurtosis becomes strongly negative, , on the crossover side of the critical point. However, this signal is significantly diluted once... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xm9b9jm Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kuznietsov, Volodymyr A Poberezhniuk, Roman Gorenstein, Mark I Koch, Volker https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-2791 Vovchenko, Volodymyr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2189-4766 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q1096dw The development of nuclear reaction models for the production of evaluated nuclear data has traditionally been performed by comparing measured cross sections&nbsp;with predictions from reaction model codes whose physical input parameters are adjusted to obtain the best agreement between measured and modeled results. To more directly probe reaction model inputs, this work introduces a forward modeling approach to experimental reaction cross-section&nbsp;determination, where the most important physical input parameters to reaction model calculations are obtained via minimization between measured and calculated observables. This was demonstrated using data collected by the Gamma Energy Neutron Energy Spectrometer for Inelastic Scattering (GENESIS) at the 88-inch cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a detection array consisting of organic liquid scintillators and high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. Using a broad-spectrum neutron beam and a -enriched target, GENESIS... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q1096dw Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gordon, JM Goldblum, BL https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-9240 Bleuel, DL Brand, CA Brown, JA Laplace, TA Nagel, TS Bernstein, LA https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gb9j1gf Eukaryotic genomes harbor many forms of variation, including nucleotide diversity and structural polymorphisms, which experience natural selection and contribute to genome evolution and biodiversity. Harnessing this variation for agriculture hinges on our ability to detect, quantify, catalog, and deploy genetic diversity. Here, we explore seven complete genomes of the emerging biofuel crop pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) drawn from across the species' current genetic diversity to catalog variation in genome structure and content. Across this new pangenome resource, we find contrasting evolutionary modes in different genomic zones. Gene-poor, repeat-rich pericentromeric regions experience frequent rearrangements, including repeated centromere repositioning. By contrast, conserved gene-dense chromosome arms maintain large-scale synteny across accessions even in fast-evolving NOD-like receptor immune genes, where microsynteny breaks down across species, but gene cluster positioning... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gb9j1gf Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bird, Kevin A Rifkin, Joanna L McLaughlin, Chloee M Harder, Avril M Basnet, Pawan Katz, Ella Brůna, Tomáš Barry, Kerrie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-6785 Boston, LoriBeth Daum, Christopher https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3895-5892 Guo, Jie Lipzen, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-9329 Plott, Christopher Jenkins, Jerry W Walstead, Rachel Rajasekar, Shanmugam Talag, Jayson Frels, Katherine Greenham, Kathleen Ellison, Shelby Grimwood, Jane Schmutz, Jeremy Edger, Patrick P Pires, J Chris Lovell, John T Kliebenstein, Daniel J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-3175 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c83w66c In the usual segregation scenario for stable inclined chute flows of bidisperse mixtures of fine and coarse spherical particles, coarse particles rise toward the free surface, forming a coarse-rich region atop the flowing pile. Beyond a threshold coarse-to-fine diameter ratio of approximately 4, conversely, the weight of the coarse particles exceeds the segregation driving forces, causing individual coarse particles to sink within the pile and producing a reversed segregation state. However, an understanding of the collective evolution of the pile structure is still lacking when the particle diameter ratio exceeds 4 and the coarse-particle mass fraction is appreciable. To explore this broadly bidisperse limit, we perform discrete element method simulations considering mean particle diameter ratios of up to 8 and coarse-particle mass fractions spanning 0.1 to 0.9. The steady-state flow profiles reveal several intriguing behaviors that depend on the diameter ratio and mass fraction.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c83w66c Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Monti, Joseph M Clemmer, Joel T Srivastava, Ishan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-3232 Silbert, Leonardo E Grest, Gary S Lechman, Jeremy B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81j8442p We show how a spin polarization can be generated through the photoinduced electron transfer of an achiral donor-acceptor complex following chiral light excitation. In particular, we illustrate the basic energetic and symmetry requirements for chirality induced spin selectivity where the chirality emerges from the electronic degrees of freedom following excitation with circularly polarized light. We study this effect in a simple model of a metalloporphyrin complex with an axial acceptor ligand using quantum mechanical rate theories and numerical simulations. We find that the spin polarization emerges due to the selective excitation of a ring current within the porphryin, breaking the degeneracy of the two degenerate spin states. The resultant spin polarization increases with the spin orbit coupling between the metal in the porphyrin and the axial ligand, and is transient, with a lifetime dependent on the rate of dephasing from the Jahn-Teller distortion mode. This proposed effect... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81j8442p Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pannir-Sivajothi, Sindhana Limmer, David T https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-0688 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v9839t4 Lunar mare basalts are often rich in titanium, hosted predominantly within the mineral ilmenite (Fe2+Ti4+O3). Here, we examine ilmenite in a &nbsp;~&nbsp;3.8 billion-year-old mare basalt (Apollo rock 75035) using high-resolution electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. A key finding is that 75035 ilmenite is itself enriched in Ti, beyond the end member of the conventional solid solution series. Using energy loss near-edge spectroscopy, we determine that the excess Ti is trivalent, with Ti3+ accounting for 13% of the total Ti content. This discovery confirms the presence of trivalent Ti in lunar ilmenite, long hypothesized based on the Moon’s reducing environment. Accounting for the change in implied stoichiometry, a review of literature data suggests that Ti3+ may be present in ilmenite across a wide range of lunar samples. We extrapolate known relationships from the literature to connect Ti3+ to redox conditions, estimating the oxygen fugacity during crystallization... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v9839t4 Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vira, Advik D Burgess, Katherine D First, Emily C Tian, Mengkun Eames, Keyes M Trivedi, Roshan S Dotson, Gabriella K Kim, Dean M Farr, Tyler P Lisabeth, Harrison Tamura, Nobumichi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-2611 Livernois, Emma R Jones, Brant M Orlando, Thomas M Jiang, Zhigang First, Phillip N https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7md8c167 Large-scale (1MW+) co-located solar and battery storage projects are expanding rapidly in the United States, but their realized contribution to the bulk power system remains poorly understood because public project-level operating data are limited. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory estimates the wholesale market value of 280 operational photovoltaic-plus-storage (PV+S) projects across the seven ISOs/RTOs and 19 additional balancing authorities, representing roughly 95% of the U.S. PV+S fleet in 2024. We model optimized hourly dispatch under energy, capacity, and ancillary-service market opportunities and compare the resulting value with standalone PV value, project-specific levelized cost estimates, and empirical operating or revenue data where available. According to optimized dispatch with perfect price foresight, adding batteries could have increased the national generation-weighted market value of solar from $29/MWh to $75/MWh in 2024, primarily through higher capacity... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7md8c167 Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Seel, Joachim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-4218 Kemp, Julie Mulvaney Cheyette, Anna Gorman, Will Chuang, Jessalyn Millstein, Dev https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hp5b8p6 The voluntary carbon market within the United States has expanded rapidly in recent years and enabled private companies and other organizations to provide revenue streams to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. For a CDR technology to participate in the voluntary carbon market (VCM), the emissions associated with constructing and operating the technology must be less than the CO₂ captured from the atmosphere. Assessing the extent to which this is true for direct air capture with storage (DACS), a relatively energy-intensive CDR technology, strongly depends on the accounting method used to assess the emissions intensity of purchased energy. We simulate the hourly weather-dependent operation of sorbent- and solvent-based DACS in California, Louisiana, Texas, and Wyoming, representing a wide range of local weather and electric and natural gas grid compositions. In all cases, the single most important emissions accounting decision is the method used to estimate the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hp5b8p6 Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hanes, Rebecca J An, Keju McNeil, Wilson Li, Yijin Marroquin, Isaias Chun, Soomin Nordahl, Sarah L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-4755 Mayfield, Kimberley K Baker, Sarah E Scown, Corinne D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-1126 Sherwin, Evan D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-4297 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b41032j The nuclear modification factor R AA of charm jets, identified by the presence of a D0 meson among the jet constituents, has been measured for the first time in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The D0 mesons and their charge conjugates are reconstructed from the hadronic decay D 0 → K − π + . Jets are reconstructed from D0-meson candidates and charged particles using the anti-k T algorithm with jet resolution parameter R = 0.3 , in the jet transverse momentum (p T) range 5 &lt; p T ch jet &lt; 50 GeV/c and pseudorapidity |η ch jet| &lt; 0.6. A hint of reduced suppression in the charm-jet R AA is observed in comparison to inclusive jets in central Pb–Pb collisions with a significance of about 2σ in 20 &lt; p T ch jet &lt; 50 GeV/c, suggesting the in-medium energy loss to depend on both the difference between quark and gluon coupling strength (Casimir colour-charge effect) and quark mass (dead-cone effect).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b41032j Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Collaboration, ALICE Acharya, S Agarwal, A Rinella, G Aglieri Aglietta, L Agnello, M Agrawal, N Ahammed, Z Ahmad, S Ahn, SU Ahuja, I Akindinov, A Akishina, V Al-Turany, M Aleksandrov, D Alessandro, B Alfanda, HM Molina, R Alfaro Ali, B Alici, A Alizadehvandchali, N Alkin, A Alme, J Alocco, G Alt, T Altamura, AR Altsybeev, I Alvarado, JR Anaam, MN Andrei, C Andreou, N Andronic, A Andronov, E Anguelov, V Antinori, F Antonioli, P Apadula, N Aphecetche, L Appelshäuser, H Arata, C Arcelli, S Arnaldi, R Arneiro, JGMCA Arsene, IC Arslandok, M Augustinus, A Averbeck, R Averyanov, D Azmi, MD Baba, H Badalà, A Bae, J Baek, YW Bai, X Bailhache, R Bailung, Y Bala, R Balbino, A Baldisseri, A Balis, B Banoo, Z Barbasova, V Barile, F Barioglio, L Barlou, M Barman, B Barnaföldi, GG Barnby, LS Barreau, E Barret, V Barreto, L Bartels, C Barth, K Bartsch, E Bastid, N Basu, S Batigne, G Battistini, D Batyunya, B Bauri, D Alba, JL Bazo Bearden, IG Beattie, C Becht, P Behera, D Belikov, I Hechavarria, ADC Bell Bellini, F Bellwied, R Belokurova, S Beltran, LGE Beltran, YAV Bencedi, G Bensaoula, A Beole, S Berdnikov, Y Berdnikova, A Bergmann, L Besoiu, MG Betev, L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7427z4wp YAP1 is a co-transcription factor that promotes malignant and stem cell properties in cancer. We previously found that YAP1 dysregulation is associated with aging in human mammary epithelia. With increased age, YAP1 expression changes in luminal epithelial cells, the prospective breast cancer cell of origin. Because age is a significant risk factor for breast cancer, we tested if YAP1 dysregulation acted early in cancer progression by conferring cellular states associated with increased cancer susceptibility. Here we find, that with increased age and genetic risk for developing cancer, human breast tissues showed significantly increased YAP1 expression and cultured primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) showed significantly increased expression of both YAP1 and its transcriptional targets. Increased YAP1 expression in cultured HMEC induced gene expression changes associated with increased cancer susceptibility such as genes associated with: stem cell fate, increased telomerase... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7427z4wp Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fresques, Tara Lopez, Jennifer C Hussey, Deborah Miyano, Masaru Garbe, James C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-3868 Hinz, Stefan Sayaman, Rosalyn W Li, Aimin Schmolze, Daniel Van Bedford, Serenity Stampfer, Martha R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-5086 LaBarge, Mark A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zj4933k Embodied carbon limits within building materials are a driving factor in global trade, generating new research and analysis tools in industry. These product assessments, which require utilizing life-cycle assessment (LCA) across broad supply chains, can be expensive, time and data-intensive, and subject to significant variations. Existing methods and tools, such as specific environmental product declarations, typically do not capture these variations and dynamics in supply and manufacturing. Moreover, models and tools must enable stakeholders to assess customized supply chains and future scenarios. In this study, we present the Rapid Embodied Carbon Assessment and Target-setting for Emissions-intensive Materials (REDuCE) tool for building materials. We developed a tool that allows users to select production technologies, transportation mode and distances, concrete carbonation, fuel sources, and regional electricity mixes to supply customization for cement and concrete produced... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zj4933k Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hendrickson, Thomas P https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8637-9612 Zuberi, M Jibran S Sun, Kaiyu Satre-Meloy, Aven Shehabi, Arman Stokes-Draut, Jennifer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-1361 Smith, Sarah J Peng, Peng Masanet, Eric https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6333c24f IceCube recently reported the observation of TeV neutrinos from the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, and the corresponding neutrino flux is significantly higher than the upper limit implied by observations of GeV–TeV gamma rays. This suggests that neutrinos are produced near the supermassive black hole, where the radiation density is high enough to obscure gamma rays. We use a set of muon neutrinos with interaction vertices inside the detector, which have good sensitivity to sources in the southern sky, from IceCube data recorded between 2011 and 2021. We then search for individual and collective neutrino signals from 14 Seyfert galaxies in the southern sky selected from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope AGN Spectroscopic Survey. Using the correlations between keV X-rays and TeV neutrinos predicted by disk–corona models, and assuming production characteristics similar to NGC 1068, a collective neutrino signal search reveals an excess of 6.7−3.2+4.0 events, which is inconsistent with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6333c24f Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Abbasi, R Ackermann, M Adams, J Agarwalla, SK Aguilar, JA Ahlers, M Alameddine, JM Ali, S Amin, NM Andeen, K Argüelles, C Ashida, Y Athanasiadou, S Axani, SN Babu, R Bai, X Baines-Holmes, J V., A Balagopal Barwick, SW https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-6714 Bash, S Basu, V Bay, R Beatty, JJ Tjus, J Becker Behrens, P Beise, J Bellenghi, C Benkel, S BenZvi, S Berley, D Bernardini, E Besson, DZ Blaufuss, E Bloom, L Blot, S Bodo, I Bontempo, F Motzkin, JY Book Meneguolo, C Boscolo Böser, S Botner, O Böttcher, J Braun, J Brinson, B Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z Burley, RT Butterfield, D Campana, MA Carloni, K Carpio, J Chattopadhyay, S Chau, N Chen, Z Chirkin, D Choi, S Clark, BA Coleman, P Collin, GH Borja, DA Coloma Connolly, A Conrad, JM Cowen, DF De Clercq, C DeLaunay, JJ Delgado, D Delmeulle, T Deng, S Desiati, P de Vries, KD de Wasseige, G DeYoung, T Díaz-Vélez, JC DiKerby, S Ding, T Dittmer, M Domi, A Draper, L Dueser, L Durnford, D Dutta, K DuVernois, MA Ehrhardt, T Eidenschink, L Eimer, A Eldridge, C Eller, P Ellinger, E Elsässer, D Engel, R Erpenbeck, H Esmail, W Eulig, S Evans, J Evenson, PA Fan, KL Fang, K Farrag, K Fazely, AR Fedynitch, A Feigl, N https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3c29z0n9 The development of materials with high photocatalytic efficiency is essential for sustainable chemical transformations. Here we introduce photochargeable zinc indium sulfide nanocrystals with notable charge storage capacity, enabling highly efficient photocatalytic dehydrogenative coupling of amines. Combined with a nickel cocatalyst, the nanocrystals deliver diamines and hydrogen at rates exceeding 120 mmol per gram of photocatalyst per hour, with &gt; 95% selectivity and an apparent quantum efficiency of up to 39.4% under ambient conditions. The system exhibits excellent scalability, demonstrated by a reaction on a 20-g scale, and broad versatility in promoting amino acid ester coupling and polymerization reactions with concurrent hydrogen evolution. Mechanistic studies attribute the photocharging capability of zinc indium sulfide nanocrystals to in situ-generated trap states such as sulfur vacancies, which extend hydrogen production into the dark catalytic cycle and enhance... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3c29z0n9 Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Luo, Jie Chen, Xinyu Jayasinghe, Lihini Soland, Nathan Edward Shan, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8407 Maulana, Arifin Luthfi Zhu, Heqing Guzman, Maria Fonseca Oddo, Alexander M Donnelly, Kiran M Choi, Jihoon Feijoo, Julian Schaefer, Bernd Schmalzbauer, Matthias Zhang, Rui Seeler, Fabian Lizandara-Pueyo, Carlos Schaller, Richard D Yang, Peidong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-1684 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/39c6s8tn Multipolar scattering models, such as the transferable aspherical atom model, account for atomic chemical interactions and provide a more accurate representation of experimental data. However, the simpler independent atom model (IAM), which assumes non-interacting atoms, is the only model available in the most widely used macromolecular refinement programs. This is primarily because IAM offers a hard-to-beat combination of computational efficiency and modelling power at typical macromolecular resolutions. By contrast, more accurate multipolar modelling has historically been limited due to its computational cost and the absence of an interface between software capable of calculating structure factors and gradients based on multipolar models and software designed for macromolecular refinement. This work introduces pyDiSCaMB, a Python software package designed to integrate between the computational crystallography toolbox (cctbx) and the quantum crystallography library DiSCaMB (Densities... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/39c6s8tn Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Femoen, Viljar J Pacoste, Laura Chodkiewicz, Michał Leszek Afonine, Pavel V Poon, Billy K Kulik, Marta Golon, Łukasz Moriarty, Nigel W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-9464 Adams, Paul D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-8219 Hofer, Gerhard Dominiak, Paulina Maria Liebschner, Dorothee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-3209 Zou, Xiaodong https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zm1z7hn The electroproduction of (Formula presented) mesons from a (Formula presented) target at (Formula presented), (Formula presented), and (Formula presented) has been experimentally measured. The differential cross section&nbsp;of virtual photoproduction has been obtained as (Formula presented) in the One-Photon-Exchange Approximation. This value is one-sixth of that of real photoproduction at backward angles. A comparison with newly developed isobar model calculations not only shows the validity of the theoretical framewark employed, but also imposes new constraints on coupling strength between the (Formula presented) final state and nucleon resonances. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zm1z7hn Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Akiyama, T Bydzovsky, P Gogami, T Itabashi, K Nagao, S Nakamura, SN Okuyama, K Pandey, B Skoupil, D Suzuki, KN Tang, L Abrams, D Androic, D Aniol, K Gayoso, C Ayerbe Bane, J Barcus, S Barrow, J Bellini, V Bhatt, H Bhetuwal, D Biswas, D Camsonne, A Castellanos, J Chen, J-P Chen, J Covrig, S Chrisman, D Cruz-Torres, R Das, R Fuchey, E Gnanvo, K Garibaldi, F Gautam, T Gomez, J Gueye, P Hague, TJ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-4045 Hansen, O Henry, W Hauenstein, F Higinbotham, DW Hyde, CE Kaneta, M Keppel, C Kutz, T Lashley-Colthirst, N Li, S Liu, H Mammei, J Markowitz, P McClellan, RE Meddi, F Meekins, D Michaels, R Mihovilovic, M Moyer, A Nguyen, D Nycz, M Owen, V Palatchi, C Park, S Petkovic, T Premathilake, S Reimer, PE Reinhold, J Riordan, S Rodriguez, V Samanta, C Santiesteban, SN Sawatzky, B Sirca, S Slifer, K Su, T Tian, Y Toyama, Y Trnkova, D Uehara, K Urciuoli, GM Votaw, D Williamson, J Wojtsekhowski, B Wood, SA Yale, B Ye, Z Zhang, J Zheng, X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/151482pd Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) produce mycelia with variable extension and complexity, which can be classified according to soil 'exploration types' (ETs). ETs have received attention as one of the few mycorrhizal trait frameworks, but without an empirical classification of ET functional diversity and environmental preferences, understanding and interpreting EMF biogeographic patterns has been difficult. We conducted a synthesis combining: comparative EMF genomics to describe functional divergence in decomposition and nutrient cycling genes across ETs; and EMF trait distribution modeling across continental Europe, pairing soil and root EMF surveys to establish biogeographic ET niche profiles. We demonstrate a signature of ETs encoded in EMF genomes, which is independent from phylogeny and linked to biomass production strategies. EMF ET relative abundances were separated by soil, root, and dominant tree leaf type habitats and exhibited unique correlations with forest biotic (e.g.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/151482pd Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mansfield, Thomas M Zarsav, Artin Cox, Filipa Suz, Laura M Bidartondo, Martin I van der Linde, Sietse Barsoum, Nadia Averill, Colin Kuo, Alan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-3530 Tedersoo, Leho Rautio, Pasi Gessler, Arthur De Vos, Bruno Croisé, Luc Meesenburg, Henning Wagner, Markus Jacob, Frank Lech, Paweł Kowalska, Anna Greve, Martin Popova, Genoveva Frey, Beat Schaub, Marcus Ferretti, Marco Waldner, Peter Calatayud, Vicent Canullo, Roberto Papitto, Giancarlo Marinšek, Aleksander Vesterdal, Lars Ingerslev, Morten Meissner, Helge Timmermann, Volkmar Eickenscheidt, Nadine Schmitz, Andreas Martin, Francis M Spatafora, Joseph Kennedy, Peter G Kohler, Annegret Plett, Jonathan M Anderson, Ian C Branco, Sara Grigoriev, Igor V https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-8903 Pires, Chris J Unruh, Sarah A Zettler, Lawrence W Miettinen, Otto Viner, Ilya May, Tom W Lebel, Teresa Catcheside, David EA Catcheside, Pamela S Vonow, Helen P Burgoyne, Leigh A Haska, Julia Anthony, Mark A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06m5r8pq We report Coulomb drag studies in an electron-hole bilayer graphene heterostructure in a magnetic field, where the orbital, spin, and valley degrees of freedom are lifted by the combined effects of exchange interaction, Zeeman energy, and a vertical displacement field. Our device enables the application of a large vertical displacement field across both layers. In addition to the well-established strong Coulomb drag between the Landau levels with an orbital quantum number N=0, we observe a Coulomb drag signal between the N=1 Landau levels under a suitable vertical displacement field. As the vertical displacement field increases further, the Coulomb drag signal between N=1 Landau levels weakens, and a Coulomb drag signal emerges between the N=0 and N=1 Landau levels. These findings suggest the important roles of the orbital index and the vertical displacement field in interlayer Coulomb interaction within the quantum Hall regime of coupled bilayer systems. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/06m5r8pq Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhang, Zuocheng Qi, Ruishi Xie, Jingxu Li, Qize https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2352-0370 Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Crommie, Michael F Wang, Feng https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z33b58r There is an urgent need to develop a more efficacious anti-tuberculosis vaccine as the current live-attenuated vaccine strain BCG fails to prevent pulmonary infection in adults. In this study, we leverage a synthetic biology approach to engineer BCG to produce more (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), an intermediate of bacterial-but not host-isoprenoid biosynthesis via the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. HMBPP strongly activates and expands Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which are unique to higher-order primates and protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BCG has been engineered to produce specific ligands and antigens to some success; in contrast, our strategy exploits a self-nonself recognition mechanism in the host via HMBPP sensing, which has not been attempted before. To inform the design of our recombinant strains, we performed synteny analyses of &gt;63 mycobacterial species and found that isoprenoid biosynthetic genes are not operonic across... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z33b58r Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Qabar, Christine M Roberts, Allison W Waldburger, Lucas M Baidoo, Edward EK Turumtay, Emine Akyuz Keasling, Jay D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-6088 Portnoy, Dan A Cox, Jeffery S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h81d5sz The formation and stability of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) play central roles in determining the long-term performance and safety of modern electrochemical energy storage systems. Despite decades of research, the SEI's heterogeneous, dynamic, and multiphase nature has defied comprehensive molecular-level characterization, creating a critical knowledge gap that limits rational battery design. In this work, we introduce a computational-experimental framework that integrates high-throughput quantum chemistry calculations, data-driven electrochemical reaction networks (eCRNs), stochastic algorithms, and laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LDI-FTICR-MS) to unravel SEI formation in carbonate-based electrolytes without imposing predefined mechanisms. We constructed the most comprehensive eCRN to date, spanning over 10,000 species and 209 million reactions. Through stochastic network analysis, we successfully recovered 27... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h81d5sz Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Abdelgaid, Mona Hvidsten, Oliver Sombret, Théo Kherchiche, Egon Maillard, Julien Gajan, Antonin Bernard, Patrick Kaźmierczak, Kamila Araya-Polo, Mauricio Salvato Vallverdu, Germain Afonso, Carlos Giusti, Pierre Persson, Kristin A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-5509 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rc7x7hj The degree of electronic coupling between individual layers in van der Waals heterostructures offers a route to engineer their magnetic, electronic, and optical functionalities. Using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the electronic coupling between two monolayers of CrSBr─an anisotropic two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor─is highly nonlinear and nonmonotonic with respect to their relative twist angle, exhibiting a pronounced maximum at the twin-stacking configuration. The coupling strength scales with both the degree of overlap of Br orbitals adjacent to the van der Waals gap and the cosine of half of the interlayer spin angle. This enhanced interlayer electronic coupling leads to excitons delocalized across the two layers, with a polarization dependence that reflects the interlayer spin alignment. Our results reveal a sensitive interplay among twist angle, magnetism, and excitonic properties in twin-stacked CrSBr bilayers, suggesting twin... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rc7x7hj Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ke, Sijia Shaidu, Yusuf Neaton, Jeffrey B https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-6135 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84j8g14f Magnetic kagome metals host complex electronic states and real-space magnetic textures, but their small and temperature-dependent magnetic domains make experimental access difficult. Here we show that micro-focused circular-dichroic photoemission spectroscopy enables spectroscopic access to individual magnetic domains in the kagome metal DyMn6Sn6 at low temperature. By tuning to element-specific electronic states, we image domain contrast associated with Dy 4f levels and detect corresponding signatures from Mn core states. The energy dependence of the dichroic response is consistent with modeling and indicates ferrimagnetic alignment between Dy and Mn local moments. Measurements of Mn 3d-derived valence bands, supported by first-principles calculations, reveal features related to orbital magnetization. These results establish element- and orbital-resolved spectroscopy of single magnetic domains and enable studies of magnetic textures and electronic structure in complex magnetic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84j8g14f Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Plucinski, L Bihlmayer, G Mokrousov, Y Zhou, Yishui Su, Yixi Denlinger, JD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-1631 Bostwick, A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-2980 Jozwiak, C Rotenberg, E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-8844 Usachov, D Schneider, CM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-6255 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ng4n670 The exploration of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram is a central goal of relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. This review focuses on the role of fluctuations and correlations as sensitive probes of the phase structure. We discuss theoretical advancements and experimental methodologies employed to map the QCD phase diagram, highlighting constraints derived from both lattice QCD calculations and existing experimental data. Key observables, such as cumulants and factorial cumulants of conserved charges (e.g., net proton, net charge), are explored as promising signatures of phase transitions and the QCD critical point. We discuss how these quantities are measured experimentally and compared with theoretical predictions, addressing challenges and best practices for meaningful comparisons. Special attention is given to predictions and current experimental results at high baryon density, including recent findings from the STAR collaboration at RHIC. Finally, we... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ng4n670 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Koch, Volker https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-2791 Vovchenko, Volodymyr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2189-4766 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pt2v87v The real-time correlators of quantum field theories can be directly probed through new approaches to simulation, such as quantum computing and tensor networks. This provides a new framework for computing scattering observables in lattice formulations of strongly interacting theories, such as lattice quantum chromodynamics. In this paper, we prove that the proposal of real-time estimators of scattering observables is universally applicable to all scattering observables of gapped quantum field theories. All finite-volume errors are exponentially suppressed, and the rate of this suppression is controlled by the regulator considered, namely, a displacement of the spectrum of the theory into the complex plane. A partial restoration of Lorentz symmetry by averaging over different boosts gives an additional suppression of finite volume errors. Our results also apply to the simulation of wave packet scattering, where a similar averaging is performed to construct the wave packets that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pt2v87v Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Burbano, Ivan M Carrillo, Marco A Urek, Rana Ciavarella, Anthony N https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-4110 Briceño, Raúl A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nm7z9px Li 2 MnO 3 is a key component of Li-excess layered cathodes of the form (1 − x ), LiMO 2 + x , Li 2 MnO 3 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, …), yet its role in setting Li-ion transport limitations remains under debate. Li 2 MnO 3 is a key component of Li-excess layered cathodes of the form (1 − x ), LiMO 2 + x , Li 2 MnO 3 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, …), yet its role in setting Li-ion transport limitations remains under debate. Here we combine DFT+U, finite-temperature DFT+DMFT with a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solver, and nudged-elastic-band (NEB) calculations to study Li + migration in paramagnetic Li 2 MnO 3 in the presence of a single Li vacancy. Evaluating DMFT total energies along the DFT+U NEB geometries reveals that dynamical correlations strongly renormalize the lowest-barrier processes, reducing the activation energies to E a = 0.18 eV for the shortest-range hop and E a = 0.50 eV for the next-lowest (transport-controlling) step. The 0.18 eV barrier quantitatively reproduces... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6nm7z9px Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Alex Taekyung Persson, Kristin A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-5509 Ngo, Anh T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jf0q0j8 Quantum biology is the field at the intersection of quantum-related physics and the biology of living systems. The goal of the field is to determine if quantum phenomena underpin biological function at the macroscale. Such results, supported by compelling experimental evidence, will be important because they will show how quantum effects can have functional relevance, even in very complex and nominally classical systems. Here, we attempt to define the scope of quantum biology with a forward-facing view to help focus the research agenda. To that end, we propose open questions fundamental to consolidating the field of quantum biology. These open questions highlight the importance of developing suitable probes at the quantum scale, the possibility that classical biological machinery might simply mimic quantum systems, and of elucidating the ways quantum function can be amplified to the macroscale. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jf0q0j8 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Scholes, Gregory D Fleming, Graham R https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0847-1838 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5502f833 Stochastic<i>GW</i> is a code for computing accurate quasi-particle (QP) energies of molecules and material systems in the <i>GW</i> approximation. Stochastic<i>GW</i> utilizes the stochastic Resolution of the Identity (sROI) technique to enable a massively parallel implementation with computational costs that scale semilinearly with system size, allowing the method to access systems with tens of thousands of electrons. We introduce a new implementation, Stochastic<i>GW</i>-GPU, for which the main bottleneck steps have been ported to GPUs and give substantial performance improvements over previous versions of the code. We showcase the new code by computing band gaps of hydrogenated silicon clusters (Si_<i>x</i>H_<i>y</i>) containing up to 10,001 atoms and 35,144 electrons, and we obtain individual QP energies with a statistical precision of better than ±0.03 eV with times-to-solution of less than 1 h. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5502f833 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Thomas, PhillipS Nguyen, Minh Bazile, Dimitri Allen, Tucker Li, Barry Y Li, Wenfei Del Ben, Mauro Deslippe, Jack Neuhauser, Daniel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t67g3cd Traditional building energy modelling workflows remain labor-intensive and error-prone, requiring specialized expertise that limits broader adoption. This paper introduces a novel Model Context Protocol (MCP)-enabled framework that connects AI assistants to EnergyPlus through MCP, a standardized interface for tool invocation and context management. Two complementary integration paradigms are presented and compared: conversational integration, where users interact through natural language while an AI assistant orchestrates MCP tools on demand, and agentic workflow integration, where specialized agents coordinate autonomously to complete multi-step tasks. Using an experimental testbed for residential buildings, the end-to-end workflows are demonstrated. The conversational approach reduced typical inspection and modification tasks from 1-2 h to under 15 min, while maintaining full transparency through visible tool invocations. The agentic approach automated parametric analysis. These... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t67g3cd Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Han https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-9907 Zhang, Liang Zhou, Huiwen Hong, Tianzhen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-9137 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zr0520r The current status of advanced water splitting pathways (using photoelectrochemical, biological and thermochemical platforms) toward viable technologies to produce renewable and sustainable hydrogen is assessed in a virtual international meeting. Hydrogen is an essential fuel and feedstock that can be produced in multiple ways to meet requirements for technological sectors that include energy storage, transportation, petroleum refining, and ammonia synthesis. To consider the future state of hydrogen manufacturing, a team of experts has assembled and examined three emerging hydrogen production technologies – photoelectrochemical, biological, and thermochemical. Each of these emerging technologies holds significant long-term potential for cost reduction while lowering industrial emissions associated with conventional methods of hydrogen manufacture ( e.g. , steam methane reforming) by using sunlight and renewable resources as primary sources of energy and feedstock, respectively.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zr0520r Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chou, Katherine J Acevedo, Yaset Agbo, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-4791 Bayon, Alicia Beliaev, Alexander S Beyenal, Haluk Croft, Trevor Elgowainy, Amgad Esposito, Daniel V Falter, Christoph Ginley, David S Haussener, Sophia Hu, Shu Koepf, Erik Kumar, Dhananjay Lidor, Alon Logan, Bruce E Loutzenhiser, Peter Mandalika, Anurag S Maness, PinChing Meyer, Gerald J Nathan, Graham J Rossi, Ruggero Stechel, Ellen B Sundstrom, Eric R https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-5415 Warren, Emily Wendt, Lynn M Xiang, CX McDaniel, Anthony H Houle, Frances A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-2548 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c8813tq The out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) has emerged as a central tool for quantifying decoherence across wide-ranging physical platforms. Here, we demonstrate its direct measurement in a classical ensemble using nuclear magnetic resonance with a modulated gradient spin echo sequence and extend the method into a multidimensional correlation to track exchange phenomena. Position is encoded through magnetic field gradients and momentum through the velocity autocorrelation function, enabling experimental access to OTOCs for proton motion confined within the self-similar lattice of the metal-organic framework MOF-808. Here, water confined to specified geometries within the MOF pores gives rise to spatially distinct diffusive eigenmodes with characteristic relative entropies. We demonstrate that periodic radio frequency driving combined with gradient modulation yields entropy evolution through the selection of distinct diffusion modes. Frequency-resolved diffusion spectra connect these... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c8813tq Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fricke, Sophia N Mao, Haiyan Sajjan, Manas Demarteau, Jeremy Helms, Brett A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-4174 Ajoy, Ashok Witherspoon, Velencia Kais, Sabre Reimer, Jeffrey A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-3725 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29m7c700 Understanding how grain boundaries mediate fracture remains a critical challenge in designing ductile, high-performance refractory alloys. Here, we extend the Rice-Thomson criterion to account for the angle between cracks and the impinging grain boundaries (GBs), capturing the competition between intergranular fracture and dislocation-mediated plasticity. Using machine learning interatomic potentials, we performed molecular statics simulations to probe fracture mechanisms in nanocrystalline NbMoTaW and Nb₄₅Ta₂₅Ti₁₅Hf₁₅, each with two different grain sizes, revealing trends consistent with experimental observations and the extended Rice model. Comparison with averaged R-curves for bulk samples demonstrates that GBs enhance ductility in Nb₄₅Ta₂₅Ti₁₅Hf₁₅ in both grain sizes investigated. In contrast, GBs only locally improve fracture resistance in NbMoTaW when cracks are temporarily pinned at... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29m7c700 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Wenqing Cook, David H Chen, Xiaoyu Kumar, Punit https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3233-8279 Minor, Andrew M Rao, Satish I Asta, Mark Ritchie, Robert O https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-6998 Farkas, Diana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/27d5n301 Transcription factors establish cell identity during development by binding regulatory DNA in a sequence-specific manner, often promoting local chromatin accessibility and regulating gene expression1. Mapping accessible chromatin offers critical insights into transcriptional control, but available datasets for human development are restricted to bulk tissue, single organs or single modalities2. Here we present the Human Development Multiomic Atlas, a single-cell atlas of chromatin accessibility and gene expression from 817,740 fetal cells across 12 organs, spanning 203 cell types and more than 1 million candidate cis-regulatory elements, many of which exhibit organ-specific in vivo enhancer activity. Deep learning models trained to predict accessibility from local DNA sequence unravel a comprehensive lexicon of motifs that influence accessibility, including composite motifs exhibiting distinct syntactic constraints that are predicted to mediate transcription factor cooperativity.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/27d5n301 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Betty B Jessa, Selin Kim, Samuel H Ng, Yan Ting Higashino, Soon Il Marinov, Georgi K Chen, Derek C Parks, Benjamin E Li, Li Nguyen, Tri C Wang, Austin T Wang, Sean K Tan, Meng How Tan, Serena Y Kosicki, Michael Pennacchio, Len A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-3732 Ben-David, Eyal Pasca, Anca M Kundaje, Anshul Farh, Kyle KH Greenleaf, William J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2664j5q4 Observation of superconductivity, magnetism, and correlated insulating phases driven by the moiré potential in twisted graphene bilayer has opened the exciting new field of "twistronics". Even richer physics is expected if moiré superlattice could be generated on topological insulators; however, until now, experimental studies have been scarce. Here, we demonstrate topological moirés generated by adsorbing a monolayer of noble gas on a topological insulator. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that the moiré potential replicates the topological surface state and affects it in a way fundamentally different from the trivial states. Replicated Dirac cones generally avoid crossings, except at the time-reversal invariant momenta that remain gapless. This creates van Hove singularities at the moiré Brillouin zone corners, providing the mechanism of enhancing correlations. Indeed, we observe a strong enhancement of the electron-phonon coupling strength that, if properly... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2664j5q4 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kundu, AsishK Klimovskikh, Ilya I Fedorov, Alexei V https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-3117 Vescovo, Elio Gu, Genda D Valla, Tonica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2426w1j9 Many molecules' vibrational frequencies are sensitive to intermolecular electric fields, enabling them to probe the field in complex molecular environments. However, it is often unclear whether the probe is responding to the local electric field or other types of intermolecular interactions, inhibiting interpretation of the frequency and effectiveness as probes. This is especially true for molecules whose vibrational frequencies blueshift instead of the more typical redshift in hydrogen bonding configurations. Here, we computationally investigate the causes of redshifting versus blueshifting over a range of vibrational reporters. First, we apply adiabatic energy decomposition analysis to a paradigmatic set of probes, finding that redshifting only occurs when electrostatic interactions are strong enough to overcome the dominant and large blueshifting contribution of Pauli repulsion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that field inhomogeneity can further shift the frequency of many probes... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2426w1j9 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 LaCour, R Allen Zhao, Ruoqi Head-Gordon, Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-8987 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rr9h3tk Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase&nbsp;7&nbsp;(CMIP7) request for data pertaining to Earth systems science, and provides justification for the resources needed to produce this data. Topics within the CMIP7 Earth System&nbsp;(CMIP7-ES) theme centre around tracking of flows of energy, carbon, water and other fluxes across domains, and constraining feedbacks between these cycles and the climate system. These topics are summarized in this paper as scientific “opportunities” describing specific model intercomparison experiments and use cases for next-generation Earth System Model&nbsp;(ESM) output. These opportunities were submitted by modelling groups and scientific consortia following an extended public consultation process. Contained within each opportunity are requests for groups of Climate &amp; Forecasting&nbsp;(CF) variables, which are bundled into variable groups representing all data required to address... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rr9h3tk Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McPartland, Mara Y Lovato, Tomas Koven, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-0065 Wilson, Jamie D Turner, Briony Petrik, Colleen M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-0455 Licón-Saláiz, José Li, Fang Lhardy, Fanny Kinney, Jaclyn Clement Kawamiya, Michio Hassler, Birgit Gillett, Nathan P Fall, Modou Noreyni Danek, Christopher Brierley, Chris M Bastos, Ana Andrews, Oliver https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g79m654 The large-scale structure of the Universe and its evolution encapsulate a wealth of cosmological information. A powerful means of unlocking this knowledge lies in measuring the auto-power spectrum and/or the cross-power spectrum of the galaxy density and momentum fields, followed by the estimation of cosmological parameters based on these spectrum measurements. In this study, we generalize the cross-power spectrum model to accommodate scenarios in which the density and momentum fields are derived from distinct galaxy surveys. The growth rate of the large-scale structures of the Universe, commonly represented as fσ 8 , was extracted by jointly fitting the monopole and quadrupole moments of the auto-density power spectrum, the monopole of the auto-momentum power spectrum, and the dipole of the cross-power spectrum. Our estimators, theoretical models, and parameter-fitting framework were tested using mocks, confirming their robustness and accuracy in retrieving the fiducial growth... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g79m654 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Qin, F Blake, C Howlett, C Turner, RJ Lodha, K Bautista, J Lai, Y Amsellem, AJ Aguilar, J Ahlen, S Bianchi, D Brooks, D BenZvi, S Carr, A Chaussidon, E Claybaugh, T Cuceu, A de la Macorra, A Douglass, K Doel, P Ferraro, S https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-7854 Font-Ribera, A Forero-Romero, JE Gaztañaga, E Gontcho, S Gontcho A Gutierrez, G Guy, J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-6793 Herrera-Alcantar, HK Honscheid, K Huterer, D Ishak, M Joyce, R Kim, AG https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-8743 Kirkby, D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-5463 Kisner, T Kremin, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-5941 Lahav, O Lamman, C Landriau, M Le Guillou, L Levi, ME https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-1018 Manera, M Meisner, A Miquel, R Moustakas, J Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A Nadathur, S Palanque-Delabrouille, N Percival, WJ Poppett, C Prada, F Pérez-Ràfols, I Ross, C Rossi, G Sanchez, E Schlegel, D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-5088 Said, K Schubnell, M Seo, H Silber, J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-0320 Sprayberry, D Tarlé, G Weaver, BA Zarrouk, P Zhou, R Zou, H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cv3n1c3 Abstract: Zigzag filtrations of simplicial complexes generalize the usual filtrations by allowing simplex deletions in addition to simplex insertions. The barcodes computed from zigzag filtrations encode the evolution of homological features. Although one can locate a particular feature at any index in the filtration using existing algorithms, the resulting representatives may not be compatible with the zigzag: a representative cycle at one index may not map into a representative cycle at its neighbor. For this, one needs to compute compatible representative cycles along each bar in the barcode. It is known that the barcode for a zigzag filtration with m insertions and deletions can be computed in $$O(m^\omega )$$ ... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cv3n1c3 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dey, Tamal K Hou, Tao Morozov, Dmitriy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-6670 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tc8z144 Practical considerations for measuring global spin density matrix elements of vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tc8z144 Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wilks, Gavin Sun, Xu Ye, Zhenyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6091-6772 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fc1w30f In situ measurements of fracture deformation during fluid injection are rare, yet essential for understanding the mechanical response of fractured rock. In this study, we evaluate the reliability of two methods by comparing their slip vector estimates: high-resolution borehole acoustic televiewer images captured before and after injection tests, and displacement data from a three-component borehole deformation probe recorded during the injections. Acoustic televiewer images capture only final in-plane displacement, whereas three-component borehole deformation measurements provide full 3D, transient fracture movement. Four injection tests in a fractured granitic rock mass along an inclined borehole at the Bedretto Underground Laboratory (Switzerland), beneath more than 1100&nbsp;m of overburden, were analyzed. The two methods yielded consistent kinematics and comparable slip magnitudes, typically in the range of 0.2 – 0.6&nbsp;mm. Angular differences between estimated slip directions... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fc1w30f Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bröker, Kai Guglielmi, Yves Soom, Florian Cook, Paul Hertrich, Marian Valley, Benoît https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77k0x9b2 We discuss a project to develop a precision metrology system for variable-line-spacing x-ray gratings using interferometric microscopes. We are developing test standards and calibration techniques to measure and correct for geometrical distortion and blur, and data processing techniques to combine multiple measurements and measure line spacing with high accuracy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77k0x9b2 Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yashchuk, Valeriy V https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-2862 Takacs, Peter Z Lacey, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-1067 Munechika, Keiko Yamada, Kaito Rochester, Simon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qw6c1bj We propose an algorithm to efficiently perform latency-bound communication scenarios that consist of many small messages. In these parallel scenarios, processes typically pass around a lot of small-sized messages of a few KBs of size. Performing communication operations with P2P MPI routines or collective MPI routines (including neighborhood collectives) in such scenarios may not always yield the optimal results and may not resolve the latency bottleneck. To this end, we develop a regular structure called virtual process topology (VPT) on which the messages can be communicated in a structured and controlled manner. Using parameters of this topology, one can tune the rate of aggression in tackling the latency costs. We demonstrate that our communication algorithm is preferable to MPI P2P and collective routines for latency-bound communication and it can easily be adapted only by replacing calls to MPI routines in a parallel application. We show how to adapt existing topology-aware... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qw6c1bj Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Selvitopi, Oguz Abubaker, Nabil Aydin, Erkin Aykanat, Cevdet https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gf219n7 The DeepStor project aims at storing excess heat at temperatures up to 140 °C in the depleted Leopoldshafen oil field at a depth of about 1300 m. In order to gain knowledge on the target horizons, the different layers of the Meletta sandstone, samples cored in a block retrieved in a quarry near Nussloch where the Meletta sandstone outcrops were studied. Several petrophysical properties were investigated including mineralogy, porosity, permeability, thermal conductivity, P- and S-wave velocities and quality factor. A mechanical study focused on compressive strength under uniaxial and triaxial stress conditions, tensile strength, critical pressure and stress-dependence of physical properties. Our results show that the Meletta sandstone is heterogeneous, anisotropic, mechanically weak, stress-sensitive and prone to water weakening. Petrophysical measurements on few Meletta sandstone cores retrieved in boreholes at about 1250 m depth showed that the outcrop samples are significantly... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gf219n7 Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 David, Christian Guillou, Maxime Garipi, Xheni Schill, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-8878 Gaucher, Emmanuel Barnes, Christophe https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fm9d2fc This review concerns light-to-chemical energy conversion, focusing on approaches that could be driven by terrestrial sunlight to produce hydrogen and/or reduce carbon dioxide. Recent advances in photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) materials are covered. In both approaches, the electron-hole pairs that are created by photon absorption must travel in specific directions to the sites that mediate multielectron bond making/breaking redox reactions. Thermodynamic requirements for materials stability are described, although some recently discovered materials appear to be exceptions. For PC materials, the importance of rate matching between reduction and oxidation processes and the mass transfer of intermediates and products is emphasized. Surprisingly, metal sulfides appear to be promising for PC carbon dioxide reduction. For PEC materials, recent work elucidating the elementary step mechanism for oxygen evolution on metal oxides and the discovery of chalcogen-based... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5fm9d2fc Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ager, Joel W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-9751 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fd96726 A large number of biological entities assemble into icosahedral structures, and these are ubiquitous throughout nature. Examples include eukaryotic and prokaryotic viral capsids and more recently discovered bacterial microcompartments. Viral capsids and bacterial microcompartments are both composed of pentameric and hexameric subunits; however, they differ in the type of cargo they encapsulate: nucleic acid or protein. Also, both depart from strict icosahedral symmetry: while this is less common in viruses, among bacterial microcompartments, diverse and heterogeneous polyhedra are common. We review shared principles and key distinctions between the self-directed assembly of various icosahedral architectures and their polyhedral variants in nature and explore the concept that there are multiple paths, influenced by their cargo, to arriving at similar protein cage morphologies. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fd96726 Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Parent, Kristin N Kerfeld, Cheryl A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-8482 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pt778np Experimental evaluations of the surface height response of an interference microscope using a binary pseudo-random array test sample are compared with a theory based on a Fourier optics model. Measurements of key instrument characteristics, including the illumination, imaging, and obscuring apertures of three different Mirau objectives, support the theoretical calculations. Agreement between experimental and theoretical modeling confirms the predictability of the spatial frequency response for the purpose of specification and optimization of instrument configuration for specific metrology tasks. The results also provide confidence in methods of compensating for the decrease in instrument response with spatial frequency. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pt778np Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 de Groot, Peter J de Lega, Xavier Colonna Munechika, Keiko Lacey, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-1067 Rochester, Simon Smith, Nicolas D Takacs, Peter Yamada, Kaito Yashchuk, Valeriy V https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-2862 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1b97t9bs Small- and medium-sized commercial buildings (SMCBs) represent the majority of U.S. commercial building stock and a significant share of peak electricity demand, yet they often lack centralized building automation systems, representing a significant untapped resource for urban energy management. This infrastructure gap makes advanced control implementation challenging, limiting the potential for widespread demand flexibility. Model Predictive Control (MPC) has shown strong potential for load shifting, peak demand reduction, and cost savings, but its effectiveness is hindered by unmeasured disturbances such as internal heat gains. This paper presents a Hybrid MPC framework that integrates a physics-based gray-box building thermal model, identified using a lumped disturbance (LD) approach, with a machine learning (ML) model for forecasting unmeasured disturbances. The hybrid approach is designed for buildings with multiple individually controlled heat pump and thermostat pairs,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1b97t9bs Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ham, Sang Woo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-2610 Kim, Donghun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-6341 Paul, Lazlo Casillas, Armando Prakash, Anand Krishnan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-3225 Brown, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-7214 Pritoni, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-6905 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16g2s3xh Endophytic fungi from Deschampsia antarctica, the southernmost flowering plant, provide insights into the cold adaptation mechanisms of plant-associated fungi in extreme environments. This study presents the genome sequences and comparative analysis of eight fungal isolates from D. antarctica leaves. These Antarctic fungal isolates were analyzed alongside 121 plant-associated fungal genomes to uncover signatures of adaptation and endophytic specialization. Antarctic endophytes show striking patterns, including reduced genome size (∼26.3&nbsp;Mb on average), streamlined gene content (∼8844 genes), and notably small secretomes (∼288 proteins). Despite this reduced gene repertoire, they maintain a robust set of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) but lack those for lignin and bacterial cell wall degradation, indicating a symbiotic lifestyle that avoids host damage and predation. One isolate, Alternaria sp. UNIPAMPA017 stood out, with 26% of its genome occupied by... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16g2s3xh Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lucini, Fabíola Lebreton, Annie Seifollahi, Elaheh Barry, Kerrie W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-6785 Haridas, Sajeet Ahrendt, Steven Hayes, Richard D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5236-7918 LaButti, Kurt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-1972 Pangilinan, Jasmyn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-3496 Riley, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-0975 Wang, Jie Lipzen, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-9329 He, Guifen Eichenberger, Joanne Kuo, Alan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-3530 Mondo, Stephen J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-0647 Andreopoulos, Willian Drula, Elodie Bonito, Gregori Vilgalys, Rytas Albuquerque, Margeli P Grigoriev, Igor V Batista, Thiago Mafra Miyauchi, Shingo Martin, Francis M Victoria, Filipe C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qp9m9t3 Chimallivirus bacteriophages enclose their replicating genomes in a protein-based compartment termed the phage nucleus. While the phage nucleus segregates phage DNA from host immune proteins, it is not known if additional factors are required to protect against DNA-targeting host defenses. Here, we identify a chimallivirus-encoded DarG2-like antitoxin that localizes to the phage nucleus and provides protection against phage-targeting DarTG2 toxin-antitoxin systems. This protein, which we term AdfM (anti-darT factor macro), contains a macrodomain and removes DarT2-mediated ADP-ribose modifications from DNA. In the absence of AdfM, DarT2 modifies phage DNA and restricts chimallivirus replication despite being largely excluded from the phage nucleus. Increasing the nuclear concentration of DarT2 while decreasing the nuclear concentration of AdfM reduces phage replication. These results show that the phage nucleus is insufficient to completely protect the chimallivirus genome from... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qp9m9t3 Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Morgan, Chase J Rani, Phoolwanti Deep, Amar Liu, Rui Basu, Dwaipayan Chambers, Lydia R Li, Ying-Xing Levine, Makaela Hsieh, Kendall Adler, Benjamin A Birkholz, Erica Doudna, Jennifer A Villa, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-9809 Corbett, Kevin D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-2388 Pogliano, Joe https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67z0d2wn In the exascale era, comprehensive energy accounting is critical for sustainable HPC. Standard monitoring captures CPU and GPU power, but the energy footprint of interconnects, including switches, NICs, and PCIe/NVLinks, remains hidden due to limited hardware sensors. We address this with a software-centric methodology using targeted microbenchmarks on the Perlmutter (HPE Cray EX) system at NERSC. By correlating controlled stress on specific network components with job- and rack-level power telemetry, we isolate each component’s energy consumption, quantifying dynamic energy per bit (pJ/bit) for active communication while separating constant-power overhead. Integrating network bandwidth measurements from vendor tools such as NVIDIA DCGM and CrayPat enables fine-grained, application-level estimates of network energy use, unattainable with standard monitoring. This approach establishes a generalizable framework for evaluating network energy, providing actionable insights for designing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67z0d2wn Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhao, Zhengji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3017-7280 Williams, Samuel Antepara, Oscar Oliker, Leonid Austin, Brian Wright, Nicholas J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/113009k0 We present a systematic framework for Floquet prethermalization under strong resonant driving, emphasizing the pivotal role of dynamical space-time symmetries. Our approach demonstrates how dynamical space-time symmetries map onto the projective static symmetry group of the prethermal Hamiltonian governing the prethermal regime. We introduce techniques for detecting dynamical symmetries through the time evolution of local observables, facilitating a detailed analysis of micromotion within each period and surpassing the limitations of conventional stroboscopic Floquet prethermal dynamics. To implement this framework, we present a prethermal protocol that preserves order-2 dynamical symmetry in a spin-ladder model, confirming the predicted relationships between the expectation values of local observables at distinct temporal points in the Floquet cycle, linked by this symmetry. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/113009k0 Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Na, Ilyoun Kemp, Jack Griffin, Sinéad M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-4866 Peng, Yang https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94k7t0zt All-solid-state batteries using sulfur-based positive electrodes (cathodes) offer a cost-effective route to achieve high specific energy. However, low active material utilization and cycle life hinder performance. Here, we demonstrate a positive electrode design that employs sulfide solid-state electrolytes, where a high energy synthesis approach forms a metastable and ionically conductive interphase on the active material surface. This interphase facilitates high active material utilization and contributes capacity with cycling. We also show that tailoring active material particle sizes to the micron-scale improves rate performance and cycling stability. Structural analysis reveals that the substantial volume change of sulfur-based positive electrodes during operation can partially offset that of the negative electrodes, thereby mitigating internal mechanical stress. The combined design principles enable sulfur areal capacities up to 11 mAh cm-2 while maintaining stable cycling... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94k7t0zt Fri, 8 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cronk, Ashley Wang, Xiaowei Oh, Jin An Sam Ham, So-Yeon Bai, Shuang Ridley, Phillip Chouchane, Mehdi Huang, Chen-Jui Cheng, Diyi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-9209 Deysher, Grayson Yang, Hedi Sayahpour, Baharak Vicencio, Marta Lee, Choonghyeon Lee, Dongchan Song, Min-Sang Jang, Jihyun Lee, Jeong Beom Meng, Ying Shirley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-8845 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92b9s515 This document offers support to owners considering optimization upgrades, retrofits, or complete replacement of a central plant, with a particular focus on improving energy efficiency and reliability of the central plant, ultimately leading to reduced energy costs. It outlines recommended steps to prepare for and facilitate a thorough central plant assessment, empowering owners to move forward with the appropriate next steps. While the primary focus is on central plants serving commercial and institutional buildings, the principles and recommendations presented can also be adapted for use in other building types, such as industrial or manufacturing facilities. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92b9s515 Fri, 8 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hart, Nora Papakyriakou, Ashleigh Shah, Sonam Abram, Tom McKenzie, Nathan Granderson, Jessica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-9560 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w22s1x9 Abstract We describe a fully open‐sourced Python package to process raw X‐ray scattering data using a GANESHA SAXSLAB facility, and review in this manuscript the connection of X‐ray scattering theories with the open‐sourced package. This package affords researchers more flexibility in analyzing and visualizing X‐ray scattering and reflectivity data from what is now a commonplace facility at many universities and research laboratories engaged in polymer research. We briefly review the applications of X‐ray scattering and diffraction, followed by the scattering theories. A pedagogical introduction to processing X‐ray scattering data is provided using the modules in the Python package. We compare conventions to visualize and interpret transmission and grazing‐incidence scattering data using self‐assembled lamellar morphology of bottlebrush copolymers as an example, then describe how area detectors measure specular and off‐specular reflectivity. Examples of in‐house reflectivity and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w22s1x9 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hu, Mingqiu Gan, Xuchen Chen, Zhan Seong, Hong‐Gyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-3905 Emrick, Todd Russell, Thomas P https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cg4b399 Using modeling and structural studies, we show that chloride incorporation in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) perovskites alters the energetics of both the formation and degradation pathways. We fabricated films with two coadditives [15 mole % FA chloride (FACl) and 0.5 mole % BA₂PbI₄, where BA is butylammonium)], in which FACl ensures chloride incorporation and both additives collectively create a compressive lattice strain that stabilizes the FAPI black phase and bypasses the formation of a yellow phase during degradation. The coadditive strategy revealed a favorable transition from face-sharing 2H, 4H, 6H, and 8H phases to the corner-sharing 3C black phase. Photovoltaic devices with a p-i-n architecture had an average power conversion efficiency (40 devices) of 24.1% and lost only 2% of their efficiency after 1200 hours at 85° ± 5°C, 1-sun illumination, and open-circuit conditions. Upon stressing at 15-sun illumination at 90°C for &gt;400 hours, the stabilized... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cg4b399 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Garai, Rabindranath Metcalf, Isaac Nandi, Nilanjana Ahlawat, Paramvir Reyes-Suárez, Braulio Mandani, Faiz Zhang, Hao Kodalle, Tim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8792-9669 Irwin, Michael D Katan, Claudine Sutter-Fella, Carolin M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-0869 Kanatzidis, Mercouri G Reddy, GN Manjunatha Even, Jacky Mohite, Aditya D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kf76306 Microbial nitrification of fertilizers represents is a significant global source of greenhouse gas emissions. This process increases emissions, fosters toxic algal blooms, and raises crop production costs. Some plants naturally release biological nitrification inhibitors to suppress ammonium-oxidizing microbes and reduce nitrification. Engineering nitrification inhibitor production into food and bioenergy crops via synthetic biology offers a promising mitigation strategy, but its success depends on addressing gaps in our understanding of inhibitor degradation in soil. This study begins to fill this gap by identifying a previously unknown microbial pathway for degrading phenylpropanoid methyl esters, a key class of aromatic nitrification inhibitors. Using transcriptomics and high-throughput functional genomics, we discovered genes essential for phenylpropanoid methyl ester degradation. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed two novel enzymes, including a newly identified phenylpropanoid... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kf76306 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wilson, Andrew Van Fossen, Elise Shrestha, Ritu Frank, Andrew Trotter, Valentine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-9487 Baldino, Henri Poirier, Brenton Kim, Young-Mo Nelson, William Simmons, Tuesday Coleman-Derr, Devin Deutschbauer, Adam Egbert, Robert Elmore, Joshua https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5071k5nq Chiral 2D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising for spin-optoelectronic applications, yet their absorption dissymmetry factor (g abs ) exhibits significant variability due to complex, co-dependent structural and experimental factors. We established a data-driven framework using Pearson’s correlation, ANOVA, and Gaussian process regression to identify and model key synthesis “knobs” governing these properties. The analysis revealed that solvent choice is the primary factor driving variability. For acetonitrile-based films, g abs was maximized by optimizing annealing temperature and film thickness. Conversely, films from higher boiling point solvents showed complex dependencies on annealing temperature, excitonic integral intensity, and film texture. These statistical correlations provide a roadmap for the rational design of high-performance chiral MHPs and establish a foundation for future machine learning-driven material exploration. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5071k5nq Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Moral, Raphael F Alghalayini, Maher B Nurdillayeva, Raushan N Lee, Do-Kyoung Kodalle, Tim Marchezi, Paulo E Fenning, David P Noack, Marcus M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-6565 Schwartz, Craig P Sutter-Fella, Carolin M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-0869 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sp79776 ABSTRACT Groundwater acidification co-occurring with nitrate pollution is a common, global environmental health hazard. Denitrifying bacteria have been leveraged for the in situ removal of nitrate in groundwater. However, co-existing stressors—such as low pH—reduce the efficacy of biological removal processes. Castellaniella sp. str. MT123 is a complete denitrifier that was isolated from acidic, nitrate-contaminated groundwater. The strain grows robustly by nitrate respiration at pH &lt; 6.0, completely reducing nitrate to dinitrogen gas. Genomic analyses of MT123 revealed few previously characterized acid tolerance genes. Thus, we utilized a combination of proteomics, metabolomics, and competitive mutant fitness to characterize the genetic mechanisms of MT123 acclimation to growth under mildly acidic conditions. We found that glutamate accumulation is critical in the acid acclimation of MT123, possibly through consumption of intracellular protons via glutamate decarboxylation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sp79776 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Goff, Jennifer L Durrence, Konnor L Thorgersen, Michael P Trotter, Valentine V https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-9487 Chen, Yan Kosina, Suzanne M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-1248 Wang, Audrey LW Poole, Farris L Northen, Trent R Petzold, Christopher J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-5228 Deutschbauer, Adam M Adams, Michael WW https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16x5n4gn Operation-Induced BiVO4 Surface Reconstruction Modulates Photoelectrochemical Glycerol Photooxidation Stability and Activity https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16x5n4gn Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yang, Jin Wook Kwon, Hee Ryeong Kim, Dong Su Sagui, Nicole A Hwang, Yun Jeong Jang, Ho Won Boettcher, Shannon W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-9123 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tz369kr Amphiphilic macromolecular surfactants segregate to liquid-liquid interfaces, thereby reducing the interfacial tension and free energy. We investigated "stealth surfactants" in the form of core-shell bottlebrush polymers comprised of pH-responsive diblock copolymer side chains forming a hydrophilic core and a hydrophobic shell, enabling solubility in oil. At liquid-liquid interfaces, these polymers undergo a structural "inversion", with hydrophilic blocks segregating into the aqueous phase and hydrophobic blocks residing in the oil phase. The reconfiguration kinetics and surfactant properties are influenced by multiple factors, including the molecular weights of the backbone and side chain components, the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic balance of the side chains, and the pH of the aqueous phase. An observed nonmonotonic dependence of interfacial tension with time is attributed to a progressive structural inversion, where the projected area of the macromolecule onto the interface decreases.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tz369kr Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Seong, Hong-Gyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-3905 Sun, Pan Carrillo, Jan-Michael Y Chen, Zhan Hu, Mingqiu Doughty, Benjamin Emrick, Todd Russell, Thomas P https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r3126tq The low-energy electric dipole response in the axially deformed 154Sm nucleus was investigated for the first time using complementary probes. The isoscalar (IS) response was extracted from an (α, α′γ) coincidence experiment and the isovector (IV) response from polarization observables measured with the ( p → , p → ′ ) reaction at 0∘. Both the IS and IV responses exhibit a resonance-like structure at excitation energies 5.5-6 MeV identified as the pygmy dipole resonance. Its evolution with deformation is investigated by comparison to the spherical isotope 144Sm. The low-energy IV strength in 154Sm departs from the K-splitting picture that characterizes the IV giant dipole resonance in this nucleus. This finding is further supported by the absence of significant IS strength above 7 MeV. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r3126tq Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pellegri, L Jivan, H Krugmann, A Von Neumann-Cosel, P Pietralla, N Tamii, A Adsley, P Aoi, N Bahini, A Bertulani, CA Brummer, JW Coman, A Donaldson, LM Färber, M Fujita, H Fujita, Y Görgen, A Hashimoto, T Hatanaka, K Jones, PM Jongile, S Kawabata, T Khumalo, TC Lee, JHC Li, KCW Maeda, Y Malatji, KL https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-3366 Marín-Lámbarri, DJ Mihai, C Miki, K Molema, PT Mukwevho, NJ Negret, A Neveling, R Ong, HJ Papka, P Pesudo, V Rebeiro, BM Richter, A Sakaguchi, H Savran, D Shima, T Shimbara, Y Sideras-Haddad, E Siem, S Smit, FD Steyn, GF Suzuki, T Triambak, S Usman, IT Van Zyl, JJ Weinert, M Wiedeking, M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-3882 Zenihiro, J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rs921zj Distributed computing systems require accurate network simulation tools to optimize data transfer and resource allocation across geographically distributed facilities. We extend DISTRI, a discrete-event simulator for multi-facility distributed computing, with a comprehensive Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) stack supporting multiple congestion control algorithms (CCAs) and network topologies. This unified TCP implementation enables realistic simulation of both inter-facility wide-area and intra-facility local network communications. We validate DISTRI’s TCP stack accuracy by comparing inter-facility scenarios against real-world experiments on the FABRIC testbed. Using a dumbbell topology with competing data transfers, we analyze TCP Reno’s behavior through congestion window (CWND) evolution, round-trip time (RTT), throughput, and packet loss patterns. Results demonstrate that DISTRI accurately captures essential TCP dynamics, with behavioral trends closely matching real-world... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rs921zj Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mahmud, Imtiaz Wu, Kesheng Sim, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-1982 Mandal, Anirban Deelman, Ewa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fb9069z Probing the j dependence of angular distributions and N = 20 shell rigidity via the 36 S( p , d ) 35 S reaction https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fb9069z Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Anonymous https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5850m6j7 Vibrations from experimental setups and the environment are a persistent source of noise for low-temperature calorimeters searching for rare events, including neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay or dark matter interactions. Such noise can significantly limit experimental sensitivity to the physics case under investigation. Here, we report the detection of marine microseismic vibrations using mK-scale calorimeters. This study employs a multi-device analysis correlating data from CUORE, the leading experiment in the search for 0νββ decay with mK-scale calorimeters, and the Copernicus Earth Observation program, revealing the seasonal impact of Mediterranean Sea activity on CUORE’s energy thresholds, resolution, and sensitivity over four years. The detection of marine microseisms underscores the need to address faint environmental noise in ultra-sensitive experiments. Understanding how such noise couples to the detector and developing mitigation strategies is essential for next-generation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5850m6j7 Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Adams, DQ Alduino, C Alfonso, K Armatol, A Avignone, FT Azzolini, O Bari, G Bellini, F Benato, G Beretta, M Biassoni, M Branca, A Brofferio, C Bucci, C Camilleri, J Caminata, A Campani, A Cao, J Capelli, C Capelli, S Cappelli, L Cardani, L Carniti, P Casali, N Celi, E Chiesa, D Clemenza, M Copello, S Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ D’Addabbo, A Dafinei, I Dell’Oro, S Domizio, S Di Lorenzo, S Di Fang, DQ Faverzani, M Ferri, E Ferroni, F Fiorini, E Franceschi, MA Freedman, SJ Fu, SH Fujikawa, BK Ghislandi, S Giachero, A Girola, M Gironi, L Giuliani, A Gorla, P Gotti, C Guillaumon, PV Gutierrez, TD Han, K Hansen, EV Heeger, KM Helis, DL Huang, HZ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6760-2394 Hurst, MT Keppel, G Kolomensky, Yu G Kowalski, R Liu, R Ma, L Ma, YG Marini, L Maruyama, RH Mayer, D Mei, Y Moore, MN Napolitano, T Nastasi, M Nones, C Norman, EB https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-5897 Nucciotti, A Nutini, I O’Donnell, T Olmi, M Oregui, BT Pagan, S Pagliarone, CE Pagnanini, L Pallavicini, M Pattavina, L Pavan, M Pessina, G Pettinacci, V Pira, C Pirro, S Pottebaum, EG Pozzi, S Previtali, E Puiu, A Quitadamo, S Ressa, A Rosenfeld, C Schmidt, B Serino, R Shaikina, A Sharma, V https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kv2h82w As scientific workflows grow in scale, regional data caches are increasingly crucial for minimizing redundant data transfers and network congestion. To enhance cache management, we investigate the use of predictive models to forecast regional cache utilization. Leveraging historical data from the Southern California Petabyte Scale Cache, which supports a highenergy physics experiment, we evaluate the performance of eight time-series forecasting models in predicting daily cache hits. The models assessed include CNN-LSTM, LSTM-XGBoost, Seq2Seq with attention, TimeGrad, VARMAX, DeepGPVAR, Temporal Fusion Transformer, and ARIMA. Our analysis provides insights into the effectiveness of these models in optimizing cache management policies. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kv2h82w Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yakubovich, Veronica Sim, Ivy Kim, Phillip Monozon, Nick Chung, Jinny Sim, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-1982 Wu, Kesheng https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41t76114 BBRv3, the latest iteration of Google’s BBR congestion control algorithm, has shown significant performance improvements in high-bandwidth networks. However, our analysis reveals that BBRv3’s startup phase can lead to persistent fairness issues, where flows that initially acquire a larger bandwidth share maintain their advantage throughout the connection lifetime. To address this, we propose three enhanced BBRv3 variants that modify the startup behavior. Our evaluation on the FABRIC testbed demonstrates that these variants significantly improve fairness metrics, with BBRv3e1 achieving up to 15% improvement in Jain’s fairness index while preserving over 95% link utilization across diverse network scenarios. These improvements enable more equitable resource allocation in high-bandwidth networks, ensuring that BBRv3 can be deployed with confidence. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41t76114 Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mahmud, Imtiaz Wu, Kesheng Sim, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-1982 Mandal, Anirban Deelman, Ewa