http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/our_buj/rss Recent eScholarship items from Berkeley Undergraduate Journal Thu, 18 Jun 2026 10:01:45 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nq168nb <p>Child malnutrition remains a persistent problem in the Philippines despite the steady implementation of government-sponsored nutrition programs and policies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of child malnutrition programs in the Philippines. Six child malnutrition programs were examined in the Philippines through in-person interviews and literature reviews. A semi-structured interview guide was used to address four major topics about each program: background information; target population; implementation and challenges; and evaluation methods. This study presented each malnutrition program with its implementation approach and scope. The six programs were compared in their approaches toward health education, feeding, gardening, and medical treatment. Five of these programs teach nutrition education, two of which cover health topics beyond nutrition. In regard to feeding, two programs provide malnourished children with ready-to-use-therapeutic-food (RUTF). Of the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nq168nb Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rizal, Erika https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75h622r7 <p>This paper focuses on disability access in urban greenspace through the case study of Ohlone Park in Berkeley, California. Initially built as People’s Park Annex in the 1960s, Ohlone Park was used as an alternative space for political activism after the first closing of People’s Park. This paper argues that the development pattern of Ohlone Park as a controlled public space away from its radical past suggests an anticipation of an idealized type of user that occupies the park as a temporary recreational area, which perpetuates the exclusion of disabled and unhoused bodies in the park. This idealization extends to the questions of bodies and space as well as perpetuates the hypervisibility of crip movement. The combination of lawn and lane in the park suggests that the dichotomy of nature and culture in landscape design is inter-perpetual with the imagination of an able-bodied walker. This paper explores how the question of body underlies themes including elements of nature... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75h622r7 Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Tian, Yuqi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vb4f1mh Volume 39 (2025) - Front Matter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vb4f1mh Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57g251wb <p>The impetus of this thesis lies in the moving presence of the art of twentieth-century modern artist Alberto Giacometti (1901–1966), understood in the literal and figurative senses of the word “movement.” Its focus is on the way Giacometti’s inanimate works animate their viewers—stirring, moving, and inviting them to move through, around, and alongside his works. In this way, I liken the moving presence of Giacometti’s art to the presence of a human before us. Aided by the insights of twentieth-century philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty, readers will be moved to their own phenomenological experiences of Giacometti’s work. Formal studies will reveal the palpable relationships between stillness and movement as well as distance and proximity within Giacometti’s works’ texture, scale, and finally, his artistic process. Drawing upon both formal analysis and phenomenological aesthetic theory, I argue that Giacometti’s lifelong struggle to find an ending point to his works was his... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/57g251wb Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Lizundia, Erica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s4494mh <p>In a time where democratic backsliding threatens the sanctity of our democratic strongholds, studies on the world’s would-be democracies have been placed on the back-burner. The Middle East has commonly been called a democracy desert: a region where the branches of democracy are incapable of taking root. Whether it be an inhospitable culture or the looming effects of colonial influence, the Middle East has existed in a democracy deficit since its inception following Sykes-Picot. Although semblances of democracy have taken place in various Middle Eastern countries, Iran has remained under authoritarian rule for centuries: from the Qajars to the Islamic regime. Despite wide-spread civil unrest, a lively civil society, and a diaspora who yearns for a democratic Iran, Iran has never democratized. Analyzing the two most modern pro-democracy movements in Iranian history, the 2009 Green Revolution and 2022 Women, Life, Freedom Movement, this paper seeks to explore why Iran has been... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4s4494mh Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kazempoor, Nadia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cx4j3fc <p>On January 6, 2021, a mob of rioters attacked the U.S. Capitol and, in many ways, American democracy itself. QAnon, a conspiracy centered around the clandestine activities of the elite, was a key group in the attack. Since then, QAnon has featured in many headline-worthy national crimes, including multiple attempts to harm elected officials. While there is value in questioning how QAnon became so powerful, it is more instructive to consider why people are compelled to live, die, and kill for an ideology so outrageous. In this paper, I ask why pockets of mechanical solidarity exist within societies governed by organic solidarity. Following Émile Durkheim’s theory of social solidarity, I interrogate QAnon’s rise and conclude that QAnon exists within two large organic societies—the United States and the internet writ large. However, QAnon exists as a pocket of mechanical solidarity, and its rise is deeply connected to how people seek out and choose their communities. By comparing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cx4j3fc Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Wilt, Caitlyn https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cc0p7cd <p>The rapid rise of deepfake technology, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), presents significant challenges to intellectual property (IP) and trademark enforcement. Deepfakes, created using machine learning algorithms like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), generate hyper-realistic yet entirely fabricated digital content. These deepfakes have complicated the already intricate landscape of IP protection—particularly on social media platforms—where misinformation, fraud, and privacy violations are growing concerns. As these technologies evolve and become more accessible, distinguishing between genuine and manipulated media has become increasingly difficult. This paper examines the impact of deepfakes on IP and trademark enforcement, highlighting the shortcomings of current legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms. It reviews federal and state legislative efforts and assesses the role of technology corporations in detecting and preventing deepfake content.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cc0p7cd Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Asadi, Omid https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21t1q692 <p>In the international arena, “Taiwan” brings to mind the conflict between Chinese dominance and American hegemony. Discourse surrounding Taiwan itself centers on its independence or unification with China. In media and popular consciousness, Taiwan’s preference for independence or unification is attributed to a difference in national identities—“Chinese” or “Taiwanese.” This reductive view masks the unique ways in which individuals in Taiwan construct their national identities, particularly given the lack of agreed definitions for basic terminology such as “Taiwan” or “Taiwanese.” Yet, qualitative data shows that national identity has little practical relevance in society, as the general consensus is that peacekeeping via maintenance of the status quo is the only current logical course of action. Despite proof of the population’s pragmatic indifference towards national identity, Taiwan’s primary political parties, the Kuomintang (KMT) and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) persist... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21t1q692 Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Chok, Jalene https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14g1d99g <p>In this paper, I will explain: 1) Scanlon’s paradigm case of “Exit-Style Blame” (ESB), 2) how Agnes Callard’s “co-valuing” framework makes sense of our relational obligations in relationships of attachment, 3) how communicating one’s Strawsonian reactive attitudes is necessary for emotional vulnerability and valuing others, and 4) why exit-style blame is wrong and fails to express our subjective experience and solidify relational expectations. Some may argue that reactive communication of blame will only incite unproductive counter-anger or that this argument wrongly prescribes behavior universally. Nevertheless, without communicating some degree of our reactive attitudes when we are subject to them, we fail to express what we find valuable or harmful in the actions of those closest to us. This exclusion of our emotional experience wrongs the recipient of ESB, as it fails two epistemic and one practical obligation we have in relationships of attachment. Epistemically, we are... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14g1d99g Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Miner, Camille https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01r4x3wk <p>In working to overcome the greatest challenges of the century, populous societies and governments have not properly recognized how to improve social conditions within the limits of our biosphere. In search of paths toward sustainable development in the 21st century, I analyzed two case studies known for their remarkable development outcomes: Costa Rica and the Indian State of Kerala. Publicly available data was used to visualize their development and sustainability progress over time. My analysis reveals that Costa Rica serves as a model for sustainable development, although its egregious overuse of agrochemicals is generally overlooked and must be replaced with regenerative agriculture practices. Although the success of the Kerala model is evident in the data, Kerala should not be considered a model of sustainable development due to its rampant pollution, limited economic opportunities, and overreliance on remittances sourced from unsustainable economies. Instead, I call for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01r4x3wk Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Moolakatt, Rohith A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ph3m58s <p>Despite the popularity and efficacy of laws that criminalize consumers in the sex industry, adoption of such policies is slow and limited. In other cases, countries act to adopt legal frameworks that may leave sex workers unprotected from violence or harm. How do we explain such different choices across different countries? To address this, I undertake a political and economic view of sex work, which refers specifically to prostitution in this study, and subsequently investigate political and economic characteristics across 85 countries as factors that may affect their selection of different types of sex work policies. Furthermore, I examine the impact of diverse political value systems as well as economic conditions. The project employs a multinomial logistic regression model to examine the relationship between these factors and the adoption of five different sex work policies. The analysis of data demonstrated that total female participation in the labor force was the most... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ph3m58s Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Jang, Grace J. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84k5n06x <p>This thesis delves into the Islamic Republic of Iran’s intricate construction and reinforcement of a cis-heteronormative national identity with an emphasis on the contemporary “Woman, Life, Freedom, Queer, Trans, Liberty” revolution. The study highlights the complex web of power dynamics, surveillance mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks that operate both within the public and private spheres. By utilizing a Foucauldian framework of the “inner-panopticon,” this research exposes how the Iranian state’s systematic imposition of heteronormative values extends beyond the confines of legal and social regulations, permeating the very fabric of individual consciousness. The paper contends that the omnipresent “War on Sex,” a strategic deployment of sexuality as a political tool, has fostered an environment of fear and self-policing, particularly for non-male-conforming individuals. As a result, this paper also focuses on severe social marginalization of queer and trans Iranians within... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84k5n06x Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Farzanefar, Yaas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vj855wr <p>Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro’s autocratic techniques have pushed Venezuela closer to authoritarianism and farther from democracy. These techniques involve newer tactics that build on his predecessor’s success in suppressing democracy and work quietly and efficiently to disrupt elections. Dodging accountability for his hand in Venezuela’s democratic backsliding, Maduro avoids explicit breaches of international codes and laws, choosing instead to operate within the grey areas of misinformation and information manipulation around which legal consensus is still being formed. The Venezuelan 2020 parliamentary elections provide a clear and compelling image of Maduro’s use of misinformation on social media platforms to threaten election integrity and erode democracy. While Maduro still relies on traditional routes to suppress dissent and maintain authority, the development of discrete, targeted demonstrations of autocratic power on social media platforms must be taken seriously... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vj855wr Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Berwick, Mackenzie Anne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gs3627k <p>Aesthetic experiences influence the way we perceive the world, often at a subliminal level. But relatively little is known about how these aesthetic experiences affect us cognitively and how they shape our identity and improve our well-being. The purpose of this paper is thus to: (1) examine and review the current literature in the emerging field of neuroaesthetics—how the brain responds to beauty and sublime experiences; (2) extrapolate from current literature the properties of beauty and what it means when people perceive something to be beautiful; (3) synthesize the current literature and my own research on the topic to bring more awareness on the health benefits and transcendent power of experiencing awe or sublimity; (4) use the PERMA (positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, achievement) theory of well-being proposed by positive psychologist Martin Seligman to present an action framework I established, acronymed NUMA (nature walks, unconditional love, meditation,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gs3627k Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Yiya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74m6d8db <p>Currently, mental health clinicians lack training in spiritual and religious competence, while counseling&nbsp;psychology research does not give adequate attention to the spiritual and religious concerns of clients&nbsp;seeking mental health counseling. In order to improve the quality of mental healthcare, I argue for more&nbsp;research and training to better understand clients’ spiritual and religious needs. I review existing approaches to&nbsp;mental healthcare that integrate spirituality and religion, then outline my own survey- and interview-based research.&nbsp;My study assesses clients’ levels of religiosity and spirituality, discovers the role of spirituality and religion in&nbsp;their mental health, and finds out their experiences working with mental health clinicians. My data indicates&nbsp;that spiritual and religious interest often intersects with defining life events, such as traumatic experiences and&nbsp;existential crises, and that mental health clinicians should... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74m6d8db Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Christiano, Alexander https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b7074nh <p>The developmental years of adolescence are key to shaping an individual’s identity as they explore their place in the context of different communities they are a part of. Immigrant children may have a unique development of culture and identity because the environments between home and school may differ. Mental health is influenced by the interplay of their relational environment and individual development. The stigma surrounding mental health within the Filipino-American community can contribute to this environment. This can be challenging to balance within the Filipino-American community due to stigma surrounding mental health. Given the colonial mindset from historical contexts, strong filial ties, and mental health disparities within Filipino-American communities, in addition to the lack of disaggregated research done, it is beneficial to further delve into factors that can affect their mental health. Using data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study, this paper... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b7074nh Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Torres, Ainsley https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t30g06v <p>Psycholinguistics, the bridge between language and cognition, has evolved through a rich history of theories and debates, shaping our comprehension of the human mind. But what role does language play in cognition? Language is far beyond just mere communication, as it molds cognition, perception, memory, and problem-solving skills. At its core, the study of language acquisition stands as a foundation for the study of psycholinguistics, spanning diverse theoretical landscapes from behaviorist theories to nativist perspectives. This paper aims to offer insights from a myriad of disciplines, offering a holistic understanding of how language is intertwined with cognitive development. Drawing upon the fields of psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology, it unveils the profound impact language has in shaping the trajectory of cognitive development. This interdisciplinary approach illuminates the mechanisms by which language influences cognitive processes, underscoring... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t30g06v Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Marcelino, Maria Eduarda https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31m5m3k7 <p>Ancient India has a strong history of accepting, highlighting, and celebrating queer identities, genders, homosexuality, and polyamory—often permanently commemorating these individuals in carvings, paintings, and other forms of art at Hindu temples and holy sites. Transgender, transexual, and homosexual gods are not only extremely popular, but also significant pillars of Hinduism and holy scriptures. As colonialism spread and the British Raj asserted more power over Indian culture, Western frameworks and definitions of “civil society” that mandated heteronormativity led to the outlawing of homosexuality under Section 377 of 1861. Although India gained independence in 1947, such discriminatory attitudes against queer people became embedded in Indian society and amplified over time—permanently altering the public’s perception and opinions on homosexuality. On September 6, 2018, the Indian Supreme Court ruling eradicated Section 377 and decriminalized queer sexual activities—a... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31m5m3k7 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Mehta, Megan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vq7291w <p>This paper provides an empirical hypothesis test and partial verification of the “algorithmic folk theory” of “reaching the wrong audience.” This user folk theory claims that content posted to TikTok can sometimes become sequestered to a hostile audience, resulting in a sharp influx of harassment and oppositional comments. To test this theory, this paper employs a graphical analysis to identify trends in interaction rates, comments over time, and comment sentiment. The data collected consisted of 1,455 posts and 454,540 comments, which were then evaluated using a natural language processing (NLP) sentiment analysis tool for a total of 297,009,882 effective observations of viewer sentiment response. Using this data, this paper employs a time-series analysis to identify a “resurrecting” post behavior characterized by a sudden increase in engagement of an otherwise “dead” TikTok post as far as ten months after the content’s initial post date. Further, the findings highlighted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vq7291w Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Doyle, Owen Alinsangan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q98q5ft <p><em>The Book of the Dead </em>by Muriel Rukeyser represents a collection of poetry riddled with a history of “relative neglect and obscurity.”1 For this reason, discourses surrounding the docupoetic collection often grapple with the ambition required when approaching a complex work addressing temporal tragedy. To contribute to this discourse, the literary research in this paper traverses an intersection with three primary angles: the political, the aesthetic, and the emancipatory. The analysis centers on <em>The Book of the Dead</em> and the modernist poetry that the author of the collection utilizes when portraying a uniquely chilling perspective of one of the most catastrophic industrial disasters in United States history. Understanding the poetry from Rukeyser, however, faces several obstacles given the rejection of literary convention within each stanza. This paper therefore provides necessary historical, sociological, and aesthetic background to contextualize the important... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q98q5ft Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Temprano, Adriana Marie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2253c96v <p>In June 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned <em>Roe v. Wade</em>, revoking the federal protection of the right to receive an abortion, and leaving abortion policymaking to state legislatures. Approximately thirteen states have already enforced abortion bans as of April 2023, while some states are still struggling with legal challenges of the ban. Across the U.S., individuals with the capacity for pregnancy are left without legal protection to such a necessary medical procedure. However, abortion access is only the surface of what is taken away from pregnant people with the overturning of <em>Roe v. Wade</em>. Exacerbated by race, class, and location of residence, pregnant people face major health, socioeconomic, and social losses that ultimately contribute to a poorer quality of life and overall setback in the movement towards reproductive justice. This paper explores the effects of the <em>Dobbs</em> decision that overturned <em>Roe v. Wade</em>, by examining... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2253c96v Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Legaspi, Alyssa Mae Catipon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1s97k90d <p>Since 1995, net metering policy has provided a constant incentive for customers of California’s Investor-Owned Utilities (IOUs) to install solar panels. Under the IOUs’ net metering programs, customers with solar systems receive a full retail rate credit for each unit of excess energy they generate and export back to the grid. This has allowed customers with an appropriately sized solar system to zero out their electricity bills, applying credits from hours when they generate excess solar energy towards the cost of non-solar energy use. However, in December 2021, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) announced plans to significantly alter net metering policy beginning April 15, 2023. Under their new policy, colloquially referred to as “NEM3,” export credits are aligned with utilities’ avoided costs rather than customers’ retail rates, resulting in a roughly 80% reduction in excess generation compensation. However, NEM3 only applies to new solar customers; customers... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1s97k90d Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ward, Rosie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14d2w8dj Volume 38 (2024) - Front Matter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14d2w8dj Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ch9k9t3 <p>Though Kenya has been democratizing since the 1990s, this progress has stagnated when concerned with women’s rights to inheritance and land ownership—especially when comparing Muslim and non-Muslim women. The prevalence of legal pluralism, in which multiple judicial systems exist, navigating between common law courts and Islamic courts proves to be a greater challenge when dealing with inheritance. Under religious dictation, Muslim women are entitled to only half of what their brothers are entitled to in matters of inheritance, while non-Muslim women and their brothers have equal access to inheritance. An example from the Indian Hindu Succession Act of 1956 demonstrates the magnanimous power equal inheritance gives women; namely, a chance to engage independently in the economy, contribute to the labor force and accelerate modernization. By following a similar model and reinstating equal access to inheritance for all women, regardless of religious affiliation, Kenyan women too... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ch9k9t3 Tue, 26 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Gosukonda, Vennela Sai https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fp8k0fb While a growing body of literature explores police technologies and their general implications, there is a gap in the literature around empirical study of what is actually happening on the ground and how resistance is mobilizing. By centering activists as a lens to investigate police practices, my research captures how police in the San Francisco Bay Area are utilizing surveillance technologies and how activists have mobilized to resist and challenge their use. I examine what the state publicly says that police should be doing with regard to technology usage, what media accounts say they are doing, what organizers reveal them to be doing in practice, and how organizers are responding. Through my empirical analysis, police and state rhetoric of “public safety” clashes with activist narratives of police abuse of power in an increasingly harmful and controlling surveillance state. Surveillance technologies are portrayed as “essential” for stopping crime when in reality, this framing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fp8k0fb Mon, 18 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Ghaffari, Nadia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90x3w6bz To better understand the processes through which eating habits during childhood are carried over into adulthood, I asked the question: under what circumstances and through which patterns do the feeding behaviors of parents become replicated and emerge as habitual in their children during young adulthood? I aim to investigate how parenting style and parent behaviors surrounding food and diet influence children’s dietary habits in the long-term. Previous research indicates that income is a major factor determining parents’ feeding behavior, so I set out to combine income level and parent feeding style in one study. I hypothesized that young adults who recalled their parents engaging in behaviors associated with the authoritative parenting style would be most likely to replicate those eating behaviors as habit from childhood into young adulthood. To better understand the process through which these variables ultimately cultivated the dietary behaviors of the young adults I interviewed,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90x3w6bz Mon, 18 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Bogaard, Liesl https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qw3z7c4 <p>After the three-decade-long one-child policy and the six-year-long two-child policy, China announced on May 31, 2021, that Chinese couples are recommended to have three children. To understand the Chinese public's responses to the new family planning policy, this research analyzed data from reposts and comments on thirty-five relevant policy posts published by verified news media accounts on Sina Weibo between May 31, 2021, and June 30, 2021. The results showed that Sina Weibo users found the policy disrespectful and difficult to fulfill in multiple realms. First, many complained that the new policy disregarded the one-child policy's influence while promoting a similarly fixed reproduction goal. They believed that the three-child policy mainly came from the nation’s need for more labor forces. Meanwhile, policy compliance was linked to patriotism. Second, without more governmental support, raising three children would be hard financially for many Sina Weibo users. High expenses... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qw3z7c4 Thu, 7 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Fang, Jiayu https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hf7q9qh <p>In the field of electronic literature, there is an interest in understanding current digital writing practices, termed third generation electronic literature. Many scholars claim that third-gen e-literature lacks an “aesthetic of difficulty.” This is a term introduced by Jessica Pressman, who applied it to first and second generation e-literature to describe the complex interpretation that must occur in their analysis. I claim that there is an aesthetic of difficulty found in third-gen e-literature, which I access through my concept “local intertextuality.” This phrase draws on the mathematical definition of local to specify intertextuality within a limited range of texts. Local intertextuality can be defined in two parts: firstly, the content directly connected to it through the platform it exists on, through creation by the same author, or interaction from the same users, among other possibilities; secondly, references to particular meme templates, fonts, and filters.</p><p>By... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hf7q9qh Thu, 7 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Clifton, Mallen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5m2379hx <p>This study examines how the United States Federal Courts have framed questions of fetal viability, fetal rights, and women's rights in abortion cases from the past three years, from June 2019 to January 2022, using the following frames: the right to abortion, the post-viability fetal right to life, the pre-viability embryonic right to life, the recognition of fetal heartbeat, and abortion as a crime. In cases in which the court supported abortion rights, the most common frame found in their opinions is the right to abortion, often specified as a civil, human, or women’s right. Yet the conditionality of this right is emphasized in two-thirds of the cases, with the courts clarifying that abortion is only a right prior to fetal viability as stated by Roe v. Wade. On the other hand, cases in which the court restricted abortion rights most often used the frame of the pre-viability embryonic right to life. Unlike the pro-abortion rights argument which focused more so on legal precedent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5m2379hx Sun, 3 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 McGovern Daly, Claire https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tq2f89v <p>The paper is inspired by Edward Said’s Orientalism, where it is emphasized that the Occident feels the need to liberate the Orient. The reasonings of why Islam is perceived as the Orient today will be discussed, which will lead to a discussion of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria’s (ISIS’) oppression of the Yezidi women in Iraq and Syria. In a New York Times article, “ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape,” Rukmini Callimachi reports several accounts of Yezidi women who successfully escaped the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, where they were raped in the name of religion. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria claim that sexual slavery is supported by the Quran, the holy book of Islam. Based on their claims of Quranic support, “the Islamic State [of Iraq and Syria] codifie[d] sex slavery in conquered regions of Iraq and Syria” (Callimachi, 2015). Therefore, ISIS’ claim that Islam allows such an inhumane behavior towards females will be questioned while exploring Islam’s actual... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tq2f89v Mon, 22 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Afzal, Momal https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wh0z4td <p>There has been an emergence in psychedelic science in recent years, in both basic and applied research. Clinical trials have shown psychedelic drugs to be exceptionally effective in treating psychiatric illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, while other research suggests they may be effective in treating a range of other indications in the future. Outside of the lab, study of illicit psychedelics and college students has shown that use of these drugs does not correlate with higher rates of mental health problems. However, studies like these fail to understand the scope of students’ experiences and may ignore potentially rich perspectives uncovered by qualitative methodologies. Thus, I interviewed 10 students currently enrolled at UC Berkeley in order to understand their psychedelic drug experiences. I found that UC Berkeley students have a wide variety of rich experiences with these drugs, including: 1. empathogenic effects of “classic” psychedelics... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wh0z4td Mon, 22 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Earp, Dylan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0199q43n Physician migration patterns are a phenomenon that affects the healthcare system within developing countries, but there is no strong evidence to show why doctors migrate to the West after getting an education from elite Indian medical institutions. This study aims to explain why physicians from India choose to leave given the different push and pull factors. Prior research shows that better opportunities for higher education, socioeconomic status, upward mobility, and equitable healthcare systems contribute to why physicians are attracted to the US and the UK. This leads to the next main question: which country do doctors prefer after moving away from India, the US or the UK? With further investigation through interviews, it becomes evident that there is no actual preference for one country. Each country has unique assets within the types of healthcare and lifestyles offered. Physicians note that social networks, support systems, and recruitment are all reasons for moving to the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0199q43n Mon, 22 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Venkat, Kaavya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23k564cw In the wake of uprisings in response to the death of George Floyd at the hands of police in the summer of 2020, individuals and communities have turned to racial justice-centered nonprofit organizations to guide conversations and advocacy combating institutionalized racism. Simultaneously, historically white organizations and corporations, including some racial justice nonprofits, have been challenged to reevaluate the way they meet– or fail to meet– the needs of their Black, Indigenous, &amp; Person of Color (BIPOC) staff and communities. The institutionalization of racial justice work into the familiar 501(c)(3) status in the last fifty years in particular, in what scholars have named the Nonprofit Industrial Complex (NPIC), can limit actual change-making into coping with symptoms, rather than addressing root causes, of racism in the United States. The cooptation of racial justice work into a nonprofit framework is marked by competition for limited external funding sources and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23k564cw Mon, 4 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Apostol-Dooley, Ariana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18s531d0 Through the interview of four East-Asian American women artists of diverse backgrounds, alongside semiotic analysis of their selected works, I investigate their oppositional digital art practice as well as their general online experiences. The digital sphere replicates the same forms of racially and sexually based oppression that occurs in the non-digital world in rapidly diverging forms. The main findings demonstrate that digital technologies offer novel ways for East-Asian American artists to resist oppression, visibilize their struggles, and explore their identities. Oppositional techniques can be sorted into three broad categories describing the archival, discursive, and voyeuristic capabilities of digital space. These categories describe a broad range of practices including generating alternative autobiographical histories, forging larger communities of resistance, and subverting the white male gaze. East-Asian American women artists actively challenge structural power through... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18s531d0 Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Zhang, Sarah Q https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73z1j54h This paper examines the work of Japanese-American artist Yasuo Kuniyoshi as he expressively naviates his dual identity. Working within Modernist and Folk styles, his work blends Japanese idioms with American folk art influences as well as that of European modernism, engaging with global art practices. This conglomeration of influences, in addition to his public fame as an artist, came under scrutiny during World War II as Kuniyoshi’s position as an American was threatened. This artist’s work in propaganda against Japan further complicated his modes of expression through his art as he was challenged to refine his representational codes in order to protect himself. Kuniyoshi’s oeuvre nuances the role of the artist in relation to nationalism, challenges conceptions of Modernist appropriative styles, and questions what it means to be an American. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73z1j54h Fri, 24 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Guilfoyle, Eugenia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03z9b2z4 The memories carried by the Palestinian people can be understood in two forms. First, there are the memories as a result of direct trauma recieved through displacement and death throughout the history of the Zionist colonial project. The Palestinian Nakba, as but one example, highlights the extent of such memories through the traumatizing military massacres and forced expulsion of over 750,000 Palestinians at the hands of Zionist militant groups. These direct memories are carried from generation to generation and transform into a looming sense of collective melancholy experienced by the later generations both in historical Palestine as well as those living in diaspora. There is a clear disconnect in historical academia as people try to understand the suffering of the Palestinians through questionable historical frameworks rather than a lens that accurately represents the memories and trauma of the Palestinians as they had and continue to experience. As a result, Palestinians today... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03z9b2z4 Tue, 21 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Saadah, Muhammad Jamal https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03q164z0 <p>The presence of female reproductive autonomy, or the ability for a woman to make a well-informed decision, independently or with limited input from partners, about the number, spacing and timing of her children is a key determinant of female empowerment and independence. Understanding the intensity of a woman's reproductive role, and the entrenched social, physical and mental implications that underlie it, is key to bringing about gender equity. This study utilizes Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) collected between 2005-2006 and 2011-2012 to draw attention to the factors associated with reproductive autonomy as they relate specifically to women in Honduras. Results from the longitudinal analysis, using logistic regression tests, reveal the predicted association between reproductive resources such as sexual education and contraceptives as well as social autonomy. Ultimately, higher rates of formal education are likely associated with key reproductive autonomy indicators... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03q164z0 Mon, 30 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Nelson, Grace https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59j109qj As the oldest surviving film by an African American director, Oscar Micheaux’s <em>Within Our Gates</em> (1920) has been the object of considerable curiosity as both a historical artifact and a formative work of Black art. Of particular interest is the densely intertextual nature of the film’s narrative, which takes substantial cues from many tropes common to race fiction of the early twentieth century. This is perhaps most clearly evidenced by the film’s opening hour, which plays out as a nearly exact specimen of the racial uplift stories that dominated the era’s Black literary scene, and by its final five minutes, which clearly replicate the marriage plots that defined contemporary women’s literature. Crucially, these allusions—and, more importantly, the optimistic racial and socioeconomic philosophies they entail—are complicated by the presence of a late flashback sequence whose traumatic contents, rife with brutal racial and sexual violence, seem diametrically at odds with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59j109qj Sat, 27 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Magee, Liam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bf5w99v <p>In Medieval manuscript images from 1200 to 1400, mermaids appear as supernatural female archetypes performing a variety of acts like standing idle, playing musical instruments, embodying sirens to lure sailors, and using weaponry.&nbsp; These early images show mermaids with short or partially concealed hair and sagging breasts.&nbsp; Medieval manuscript images begin depicting mermen in the 1400s, with the mermen performing acts like wielding weaponry, playing musical instruments, and raising phallic objects over their heads.&nbsp; These mermen appear primarily clothed in cloth garments or metal armor with head coverings and weaponry.&nbsp; As images of mermen appear, mermaids embrace a more decorative role with depictions of them primarily combing their hair and looking into mirrors while neglecting most of their previous actions.&nbsp; Medieval mermen act as heroic entities of the Medieval merfolk species, consequently forcing Medieval mermaids to forfeit their agency and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bf5w99v Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Crull, Chloe Victoria Ruby https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3626t2ps <p>The normalized “ramen diet” of college students has become of greater concern as calls to eradicate hunger and homelessness on campuses gained traction in recent years, but little information is available on how this social movement began. This thesis traces the trajectory of the college basic needs movement and examines the challenges faced in implementing intervention mechanisms. Using a mixed-methods research design, I interviewed key leaders and conducted content analysis of media coverage of this issue, in addition to drawing upon insights from over three years of field work at the UC Berkeley Basic Needs Committee.</p><p>I argue that the college basic needs movement gained traction due to the combined effects of the widespread economic downturn during the 2007-2009 Great Recession, escalating student debt and cost of college, published research studies that legitimized the student experiences, and grassroots efforts to institutionalize intervention mechanisms. These factors... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3626t2ps Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Tsai, Sara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/737942hc This paper examines the impact of Democrats' ideological diversity on the strength of legislative leadership in the California state legislature since 2001. To measure ideological diversity, I use Shor-McCarty NPAT scores and adjusted California Chamber of Commerce SCores to measure overall ideological diversity and ideologically relating to business interests, respectively. To measure legislative leaders' strength and influence, I use a formal powers index and a media analysis of The Sacramento Bee to measure formal and perceived power, respectively. I supplement this quantitative data with interviews of former legislators. I find evidence of a weak relationship between overall ideological diversity among Democrats and leaders' perceived strength, as well as evidence of a weak-to-moderate relationship between ideological diversity on business interests among Democrats and leaders' perceived strength. I also find evidence to suggest that longevity and legislative leadership styles... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/737942hc Mon, 22 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Sarveshwar, Varsha https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z9597fj <p>Beyond the built space of a hospital, many forms of care often go unseen, unnoticed, and undervalued. This reimagining of care, through the exploration of its different forms beyond health institutions, aims to expand on the definition put forth by Joan Tronto, which defined care broadly through the agencies of bodies, the self, and built and natural environments. This paper advocates for an understanding of care beyond the hospital and the clinic through the lived experiences of Pre-Health UC Berkeley Filipinos and Filipino-Americans in built and imagined spaces. Built spaces are the spaces (i.e the hospital, clinic, medical mission site, and community health center) that are (1) designed by architects, (2) physically built, and (3) lived in. Imagined spaces (linguistic, cultural, memory, in-between, and home) are spaces that are unseen and unbuilt but are fundamentally produced and reproduced in, along with shaping the social relations within built spaces. The main findings... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z9597fj Thu, 18 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Yutuc, Jenina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hm9s8hk <p>In the most dramatic moment of the Great Recession, the Federal Reserve (the Fed) withheld an emergency bailout from Lehman Brothers, a peer investment bank among other firms infamously deemed “too big to fail.” In light of Lehman’s&nbsp;banefully consequential&nbsp;bankruptcy, the Fed’s decision remains a most controversial one. Yet Ben Bernanke, former Chairman of the Fed, and other key players maintain that they made the right decision. They submit the argument that there was no alternative to Lehman’s failure because the Fed lacked the legal authority to provide a bailout.</p><p>The Fed’s account of the Lehman decision is wrought with erroneous economic and legal arguments. To illustrate this, I inspect the language of Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act to determine the Fed’s true legal bandwidth, and Lehman’s balance sheets to assess if the bank really was insolvent. The second dimension of this paper explores the real reasons the Fed chose to let Lehman fail. The... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hm9s8hk Wed, 30 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Moran, Jacqueline Murdoch https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0961m6g7 <p>Modern psychological research on meditation has demonstrated its extensive psychological and physical benefits. Much of this modern research relies on ‘mindfulness’ training protocols, such as the popular MBSR program (from the 1970s) and similar offshoots. Though certainly useful, these mindfulness interventions are limited in scope. Their contents do not reflect voluminous recent research into related practices, nor the immense breadth of the traditions from which they come. Such mindfulness interventions derive generally from Buddhist teachings, but include only a fraction of the traditional meditative path – and they omit profound, essential elements.</p><p>I created a novel curriculum to expand on existing mindfulness protocols, better represent the complete traditions that have been their source, and improve their efficacy by encouraging self-transcendent and mystical-type experiences. This program was offered as a semester-long Berkeley undergraduate course. Self-report... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0961m6g7 Tue, 22 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Rappaport, Harrison https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0r19k3qg <p>Much has been written about the literary conventions of the marriage plot, a common narrative in literature that originated in the mid-eighteenth century and focuses on the courtship between a heroine and her suitor. However less has been written about this plot’s relationship to the law—specifically to eighteenth and nineteenth-century legal notions of consent and marital autonomy. My project attempts to bridge this gap. I turn to legal doctrines and court cases about marriage and sexual assault to examine representations of consent in eighteenth and nineteenth-century British literature, specifically in the marriage plot of Samuel Richardson’s <em>Pamela</em> (1740) and Jane Austen’s <em>Mansfield Park </em>(1814). A legal analysis reveals that legal frameworks of the time positioned consent in exclusive and negative terms; everything but a verbal, witnessed expression of refusal became consensual. Meanwhile, literature provided a more imaginative landscape in which authorship... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0r19k3qg Mon, 21 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Jordan, Caitlyn https://escholarship.org/uc/item/364648f7 <p>“Do it for the kids,” cry climate activists, in an appeal to intergenerational responsibility. Climate change fictions make similar emotional appeals to their audiences by centering their plots around a family struggling to beat the odds of the Anthropocene. Electing the nuclear family as the genre standard reinforces heteronormativity, relies on the misleading catharsis of the “child savior” figure, and furthers procreational narratives. To examine the norms of the family in Cli-fi, this paper examines two popular short stories, “Quiet Town” by Jason Gurley and “The Smog Society” by Chen Qiufan and two Climate Disaster films, <em>2012</em> (2009) and <em>The Day After Tomorrow</em> (2004 dir. Roland Emmerich). To contextualize my exploration of such tropes, I consulted theory across multiple relevant disciplines: particularly, Edelman’s Queer theory of reproductive futurism and James Hughes’ work on Sociological Biopolitics informed my analysis. Close reading analyses found... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/364648f7 Sun, 20 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Khan, Maryam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jx3t5r9 Rape plays an essential role in Roman comedy plays, also called <em>palliatia</em>, which is a difficult subject matter for relatively humorous plays to include and tackle. What makes these comedies unique in the context of Roman literature is their portrayal of domestic scenes: the marketplace, the neighborhood street, the home. In these comedies, we get a sense of the ways in which Romans thought of the processes of gender power played out in the places where rape happened the most. The critical literature has taken a piecemeal approach to addressing the approach <em>palliatia</em> has taken towards rape and its victims and, for the most part, considers these plays liberatory. That is, the literature’s perspective on <em>palliatia </em>is that they subvert repressive elements of Roman culture such as patriarchy and heteronormativity. This paper presents a contrasting view in my comprehensive overview of rape in these comedies: while these plays enact certain scenes of liberatory... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jx3t5r9 Fri, 18 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Mackhai https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dd8t9sz <p>On the international stage, the United States has played an active political role in the drafting process of international human rights treaties that shape both how human rights are framed and enforced. However, the United States has politically struggled to implement these international human rights treaties on a domestic level. Particularly, the United States government has carried structural and political tension preventing its embrace of the ICESCR. The following analysis will draw upon existing literature of the US relationship with the ICESCR and utilize Beth Simmon’s theory of treaty implementation as a framework to explain why the US has failed to ratify this central international human rights treaty. The investigation will find, by accounting for institutional hurdle, cultural preferences, and political will, that the politicization of economic rights in the US leads to favoring obstruction and isolationism in terms of treaty implementation, particularly when these... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dd8t9sz Sat, 27 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hamidi, Emmanuel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3c56m7gd In Boyle Heights, a predominantly Chicanx, working class, and renter neighborhood in Los Angeles, anti-gentrification activists have been rallying against “artwashing”—the appearance of art galleries and associated creative class consumption as a threat of gentrification. These concerns originate from the opening of several commercial art galleries in the neighborhood’s industrial outskirts adjacent to the “Arts District” in Downtown LA. The case of “artwashing” protest in Boyle Heights raises a contestation over the political and spatial possibilitiesof an art world in an existing urban neighborhood. With particular attention to these implications, this paper investigates the following critical questions: How is the relationship between art and gentrification visualized in Boyle Heights? What narrative of gentrification is represented in strategies of its resistance? This research paper will consider “artwashing” in Boyle Heights under particular social... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3c56m7gd Sat, 27 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hamidi, Emmanuel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp4p1g0 <p>Implicit cognition refers to experiences and beliefs that influence one’s behaviors but are not readily available for conscious awareness. Since it is not a conscious process, assessing implicit cognition requires indirect measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) developed by Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz. The classic IAT measures two distinct associations, but the current scoring algorithm produces a single statistic based on reaction times. This statistic merges information from both associations such that we cannot tell which association is driving the effect. The Quadruple Process Model (Quad), devised by Conrey, Sherman, Gawronski, Hugenberg, and Groom, provides more informative statistics regarding implicit associations at the group level. In the current study, we aimed to apply the Quad at an individual level and evaluate its effectiveness through employing a test of reliability and predictive utility through a modified dictator game. We provided evidence... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp4p1g0 Sat, 27 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Miscione, Breanna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88b3k8zb <p>America has multiple civic traditions and is a nation that blends liberal and illiberal ideals. The Lockean liberal foundations the American civic community is built upon left space for people like Thomas Jefferson to add non-liberal elements to Locke’s theory, so it could better fit the context of the situation. Rogers Smith argues that the political elite fill that space with illiberal values to obtain power or maintain already established power structures.The political elite create “civic myths,” tales that are made from falsehoods, that give the individuals of a certain community greater worth than individuals who do not share the community’s common identity. This can help politicians mobilize their base in times of economic hardship. Since Lockean liberalism gives individuals theirworth based upon their productivity, individuals find their worth in sub-community identities, which politiciansare not afraid to use for their own political gain.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88b3k8zb Wed, 12 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gordon, Joseph https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60x9k1p3 The City and County of San Francisco, originally ground zero for the HIV epidemic in the United States, is redefining public health HIV interventions, potentially positioning San Francisco as one of the first major metropolitan cities in the world to reach zero HIV infection cases, zero HIV-related deaths, and zero HIV-related stigma. As innovative as the Getting to Zero campaign appears to be, it fails to formally incorporate and respond to a fundamental matter pertinent to HIV prevention, HIV treatment, and San Francisco: housing. This research explores service gaps present in Getting to Zero by investigating the relationship between class, race, and HIV, specifically by emphasizing the role housing (or lack of housing) creates in shaping health outcomes related to HIV. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60x9k1p3 Wed, 12 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Zaragoza, Gaspar https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q87w2m6 Interpersonal emotion regulation (ER) happens constantly in daily life and plays a role in the success of friendships and relationships. Interpersonal ER refers to the process in which an individual makes efforts to change the emotional experience of another person. Understanding the relationship between interpersonal ER strategies and goals proves necessary towards discerning the effectiveness of different interpersonal ER strategies in various situations. Building on existing research, common strategies used to regulate others’ emotions include helping a partner to accept their emotions (acceptance), change the way they think about their emotions (reappraisal), or inhibit their emotions (suppression). However, alternative strategies may prove to be equally, if not more, common. Additionally, the goals and behaviors associated with interpersonal ER have not been extensively studied. In the present study, I examine the goals associated with interpersonal ER strategies, including... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q87w2m6 Wed, 12 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Loskot, Taylor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vm7z04n <p>The City and County of San Francisco, originallyground zero for the HIV epidemic in the United States, is redefining public health HIV interventions, potentially positioning San Francisco as one of the first major metropolitan cities in the world to reach zero HIV infectioncases, zero HIV-related deaths, and zero HIV-related stigma. As innovative as the Getting to Zero campaign appears to be, it fails to formally incorporate and respond to a fundamental matter pertinent to HIV prevention, HIV treatment, and San Francisco: housing. This research explores service gaps present in Getting to Zero byinvestigating the relationship between class, race, and HIV, specifically by emphasizing the role housing (or lackof housing) creates in shaping health outcomes related to HIV.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vm7z04n Mon, 10 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Zaragoza, Gaspar https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vb525ks <p>Interpersonal emotion regulation (ER) happens constantly in daily life and plays a role in the success of friendships and relationships. Interpersonal ER refers to the process in which an individual makes efforts to change the emotional experience of another person. Understanding the relationship between interpersonal ER strategies and goals proves necessary towards discerning the effectiveness of different interpersonal ER strategies in various situations. Building on existing research, common strategies used to regulate others’ emotions include helping a partner to accept their emotions (acceptance), change the way they think about their emotions (reappraisal), or inhibit their emotions (suppression). However, alternative strategies may prove to be equally, if not more, common. Additionally, the goals and behaviors associated with interpersonal ER have not been extensively studied. In the present study, I examine the goals associated with interpersonal ER strategies, including... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vb525ks Mon, 10 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Loskot, Taylor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pv5b48v <p>This research adds depth to current scholarship on second generation immigrant integration within American context and how children of immigrants continue to be ostracized through intergroup and outer group relations. Additionally, this paper brings another immigrant group into the conversation by incorporating concepts and methodologies from the social sciences (psychology, sociology, ethnic studies, and linguistic anthropology), serving as a reminder that language loss is prominent within all immigrant groups.</p><p> </p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pv5b48v Mon, 10 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Hashemian, Sahar https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kn2v60f <p>America has multiple civic traditions and is a nation that blends liberal and illiberal ideals. The Lockean liberal foundations the American civic community is built upon left space for people like Thomas Jefferson to add non-liberal elements to Locke’s theory, so it could better fit the context of the situation. Rogers Smith argues that the political elite fill that space with illiberal values to obtain power or maintain already established power structures.The political elite create “civic myths,” tales that are made from falsehoods, that give the individuals of a certain community greater worth than individuals who do not share the community’s common identity. This can help politicians mobilize their base in times of economic hardship. Since Lockean liberalism gives individuals theirworth based upon their productivity, individuals find their worth in sub-community identities, which politiciansare not afraid to use for their own political gain.</p><p> </p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kn2v60f Mon, 10 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gordon, Joseph https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c09h7w1 Feminist Fans and Their Connective Action on Twitter K-Pop Fandom https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c09h7w1 Sat, 29 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Yena https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g3386k6 <p>As the only child of her father, Lady Anne Clifford claimed she was entitled to his estates and titles upon his death as his sole appropriate heir. Because of conditions such as coverture, primogeniture, feme covert, etc. during early modern England, there has been, and still is, the general assumption that women were not only subordinate to men, but that they held only the most basic rights in regards to property. Due to this characterization, historians have perpetually viewed Clifford as a new-age feminist who defied the circumstances of her time and fought for rights that were uncommon for women to pursue.</p><p> </p><p>This thesis proves that Clifford was not remarkable for what she has become so famously known for. Her struggle to gain her inheritance was not as unusual or noteworthy as it was initially thought; it was actually quite a common practice amongst women of her standing.<strong> </strong> </p><p> </p><p>While Anne may not have been extraordinary in regards... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g3386k6 Fri, 1 Mar 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Sabaratnam, Jenisha https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pp2x5vj This issue showcases the accounts of past BUJ published student authors, offering insight on the impact of BUJ on post-Berkeley life. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pp2x5vj Wed, 15 Aug 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Aboody, Rosie Jones, Kelly King, Andrew David Mao, Sophia Parkin, Justine Perret, Meg Petrillo, Stephanie Westphal, Kelsey Wirtschafter, Eli https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zf694xc <p>One major mark of a strong democracy is the use of policy-based rather than clientelist campaign strategies—but in southern Africa, we still see political parties in relatively strong democracies using clientelist strategies. I aim to build on the small existing pool of literature on this topic by performing a comparative study of campaign strategies in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Malawi, and Zambia. I then examine how political parties in those countries use clientelist and policy-based strategies in general elections and what relationship strategy has to economic development and educational quality over time and relative to other countries in the same region. The data come from news sources, party manifestos, and candidate speeches of major parties in the countries used. I find that although they are harder to observe within countries across time, clientelism rates are lowest in countries with higher levels of economic development and educational quality. This trend... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zf694xc Sun, 8 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Brouns, Zoë https://escholarship.org/uc/item/604221d9 <p>Henry James’ late works have created an ongoing case for investigation. From his stream-of-consciousness style we see his mastery of language while experiencing the difficulty of comprehending his writing. Specifically, the role of metaphors within his late novel The Wings of the Dove are striking because of their independent behavior, and upon analysis of this work, I have found new discoveries in the function of metaphor, most prominently as a device that is more than a substitution for something else, which mystifies rather than clarifies, and which reflects the inner workings of the mind. In fact, metaphor is integral to the way James represents thought streams - it may even be used as an deceptive thought in the mind of a character, instead of a just a modifier, it may be used as an aid to the reader in difficult passages of character’s thoughts, and lastly it may even work as a moving scene, rather than a picture. Metaphors in this novel in the end may even represent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/604221d9 Sun, 8 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Francisco, Naomi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g25d7dc <p>This thesis examines how the University of California, Berkeley’s policies on sexual harassment reflect models of conduct and sexual freedom. Drawing on a liberal choice model of sexual freedom and a theory of genuine autonomy, the thesis analyzes the evolution of the University of California, Berkeley’s sexual harassment policy and grievance procedures and how these policies—or lack thereof—reflect, or fail to reflect, sexual freedom paradigms. In addition to outlining key changes in campus sexual harassment policies over time, the objective of this thesis is to provide a conceptually driven theory of policy change.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g25d7dc Sun, 8 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Stommel, Hannah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gq7s8kn <p>The desire to understand a literary text often translates into a desire to neatly categorize meaning; and by consequence, to flatten the complexity of the work through oversimplification. This is true for both casual readers and literary critics—and, as demonstrated in this paper, for interpreters of dream visions. Yet some elusive texts slip out of reach, instead mystifying and elevating the literary genre. Geoffrey Chaucer's work <em>Troilus and Criseyde</em>, an exquisite retelling of the Troy myth, subverts the formal employment of dream visions common to medieval writing. This paper attempts to illuminate the genius of the two major dream scenes in this work through the analytic frameworks of Stephen Kruger and Valerie Ross. To offer a more comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s career, this paper also explores how he incorporates dreams in other key works. By way of this investigation, I find that the natural obscurities surrounding unconscious dreamspace allows Chaucer to... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gq7s8kn Sat, 11 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Karydes, Madeleine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z86m739 <p>This paper will identify current health concerns inflicting Kettleman City and its corollary between race and hazardous waste, a comparison that has shown to disproportionately affect low-income communities of color. California reigns as the state with the nation’s highest concentration of minorities living near hazardous waste facilities, a correlation that generates concern in the public over racial targeting, particularly in Kettleman City, home of the largest hazardous waste plant west of the Mississippi. Kettleman City has been under scrutiny for hazardous waste violations, sparking conversations amidst the public regarding birth defects, infant mortality, increased cancer risk, and environmental racism, as the community comprises of primarily low-income farming families. Residents have actively mobilized since the 1990s, accompanying the establishment of the Kettleman Hill Hazardous Waste landfill within three miles of the City’s residential district, and have meaningfully... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z86m739 Thu, 9 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Patrachari, Shruti https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g13f7s6 <p>Spain adopted the Constitution of Cádiz in 1812 as a response to the regime of Joseph Bonaparte, which deposed King Ferdinand VII and inspired dissent throughout Spain. Fondly known as <em>La Pepa</em>, the new Spanish constitution would prove short lived—but long influence the course of history and political theory. Indeed, the Constitution of Cádiz was the first truly liberal European document of the kind—drawing on Rousseau, Locke, and Voltaire, it enumerated universal male suffrage, a constitutional monarchy and democratic parliamentary body, and certain social rights previously restricted in largely closed European states. Though the Constitution of Cádiz would crumble by 1814, the immediate influence of this document was felt by New Spain, which would draft its own document and declare the Mexican Federation in 1824. This paper explores the causal link between these two events, applying theory from Rawls, Polanyi, Mill, and <em>The Federalist Papers</em> to determine... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g13f7s6 Tue, 28 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Chapman, Madison Lynn https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13j5b83h <p>Authoritarian regimes create and empower courts in anticipation of various regime-supporting functions of courts such as sidelining political opponents and establishing legitimacy for the government. Recently, however, many courts in authoritarian regimes around the globe have defied their expected roles as regime-supporting pawns, and instead began to challenge the interests of their creators. The Constitutional Court of Turkey (CCT) testifies to such trend. As Turkey gradually evolved to an authoritarian state under Erdoğan’s rule, the CCT has been on the front line in the battle against the Erdoğan government in moderating state power, especially from 2010 to 2014 when the government threatened individual rights and independence of the judiciary. However, the battle between the Court and the government was short-lived when the Court suddenly changed its behavior and remained acquiescent to the government since 2015. What can explain the changes in behavior of the CCT in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13j5b83h Fri, 4 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Choi, Gyu Hyung https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21z023f6 <p>With over $3.5 billion to divide between roughly 1,200 players each year, the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) is described by members and scholars as the most powerful union in the country. When the then-ineffective MLBPA was founded in 1953, private sector unionization was at its zenith. Today, the MLBPA is at the height of its power at a time when private sector unionization has hit a nadir. Considering this, it can be tempting to regard the MLBPA as a formidable outlier that has successfully bucked the trend of deunionization. However, the reality is far less uplifting. To achieve success, the MLBPA has actually repressed low-level workers within the same industry, thereby creating a microcosm of our current era — the New Gilded Age, defined by a growing divide between rich and poor — in professional baseball. This repression has come in the form of restricting minor league player rights and is exemplified by the union’s actions during the 1994-1995 player... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21z023f6 Thu, 6 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Kassin, Alec https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0g83r10v <p>Turn on any action film or drive past a highway billboard, mixed race bodies frequent the media that Americans readily consume. Nevertheless, few scholars investigate the social impact of mixed race representation on such mediums as television. Ignoring multiracial presence in the media allows producers of television programs to shape and construct expectations that are projected onto the mixed race community. My paper contributes to mixed race scholarship by evaluating these projected expectations in pursuit of encouraging readers to seek out authentic representations of the mixed race experience. This paper answers two questions regarding mixed race representation. First, how has the entertainment industry constructed mixed race identity on television? Second, has that identity construction mitigated the demand for diversification and multiculturalism on screen, while simultaneously ignoring the unique discriminatory experiences lived by the mixed race community in the United... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0g83r10v Tue, 4 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Larson, Paloma Miya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36n4t98z <p>This paper introduces the reader to China’s Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279), and specifically the diplomat, court official, and poet Fan Chengda (1127-1279). During his years in government bureaucracy Fan Chengda traveled widely throughout the Southern Song Empire. During his travels he wrote several travel diaries, encyclopedias, and geographical treatises, in addition to thousands of extant travel poems. This paper investigates two of his works in particular: the <em>Canluan lu </em>and the <em>Guihai yuheng zhi </em>(both circa 1171-1174)<em>, </em>written during his travels to Guilin, in the far South of the empire. <em>Canluan lu,</em> or the <em>Register of Mounting a Simurgh </em>is a travel diary of his trip to Guilin, and <em>Guihai yuheng zhi</em> is a geographical encyclopedia of Guilin and its surroundings. Comparative analysis of the two texts shows that in an apparent attempt to validate his self-image as an ideal Song scholar-official, Fan Chengda appropriated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36n4t98z Mon, 22 Feb 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Merlo, Phillip Edward https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8246r6ns <p>Although many countries with high levels of economic inequality have used policymaking to pursue equity in education, inequities continue to exist. Such policies often perpetuate inequities by providing benefits to the most socioeconomically advantaged students and families, rather than groups historically disadvantaged or excluded from educational systems, due to race and/or socioeconomic status. I have investigated policymaking for equity in education by addressing three primary research questions. First, how has international policymaking for equity in education been pursued within localized contexts and global education trends in the United States, Brazil, and Chile? Second, within that context, what factors explain the failure of outcomes-based education curriculum reform in post-apartheid South Africa to result in holistic equity? Third, what are the commonalities that underpin the failures of these nations to achieve holistic equity? I found that the localized policy... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8246r6ns Fri, 19 Feb 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Ludlum, Mandolyn Wind https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zd775z5 <p>The author analyses the oeuvre of the German expressionist painter Gabriel von Max to trace 19^th century imaging practices in European visual art. Von Max’s paintings operate on several registers, dealing with themes of venereal and tubercular contagion, spiritualism, and feminine containment. Deploying the foundational texts of Edmond Burke, Julia Kristeva, Mary Douglas, Elizabeth Bronfen, Lynda Nead, and others, the author constructs a new framework for viewing and understanding images that picture female occult practitioners. Using such art-historical and critical theory, along with comparisons with von Max’s contemporaries (artists such as Felicien Rops and Albert von Keller), the author examines how the feminine body was a locus of multivalent anxieties throughout the long nineteenth century, and suggests that the occult subject, as pictured by von Max, contains the potential to circumvent the traditional punitive function that visual art exercises against the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zd775z5 Tue, 9 Feb 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Johnson, Tulasi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/900975ht <p>Derivatives are financial instruments whose price is determined based on the value of another commodity, stock, currency, interest rate or similar item. Most often, they are structured as swap contracts which amount to an exchange of cash flows: on a certain date, one party gives the other a fixed amount and the other is required to put forth an amount based on the current market price. The fixed payer has sold the risk of price movement and the fixed receiver has bought that risk. Derivatives have gained popularity in the past few decades given their exemption from certain provisions in the Bankruptcy Code and their over-the-counter status that long freed them from any type of regulatory oversight.</p><p>After the 2008 financial crisis, the U.S. government enacted regulatory changes domestically via the Dodd-Frank Act, which put derivatives under the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Most major... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/900975ht Mon, 21 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Toledo, Jorge https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wb554vr <p>The struggle for autonomy and multicultural governance, in both rich and poor countries alike, is riddled by contradictions—this, the literature largely agrees on. On the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, recent events illustrate these contradictions and provide further insight on how multi-ethnic states can promote autonomous rights and in particular, protect indigenous land rights. Through a narrative of indigenous people’s centuries-old struggle for autonomy on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, leading up to the most recent state-sponsored expropriation of indigenous territory to build <em>el Gran Canal, </em>this paper utilizes first-hand interviews, legal documents, and Nicaraguan news articles to illustrate both the successes and pitfalls of recent reforms to decentralize and strengthen indigenous land rights as part of the region’s broader, ongoing autonomous process. In doing so, this paper argues that while the Caribbean Coast’s current autonomy regime advances the indigenous... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wb554vr Mon, 21 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Berryhill, Alexandra https://escholarship.org/uc/item/187415hf <p>The secularization thesis is a prominent paradigm within the sociology of religion. It holds that modernity has made religion increasingly obsolete. This paper refutes the secularization thesis, arguing that religion was essential to modernity (particularly in its pertinence to the development of capitalism and democracy). Yet if religion is embedded within modern civic and political life, then what do we mean when we speak of “the secular”? I argue that secularity is a set of orientations and sensibilities <em>towards</em> religion that have evolved through their own repeated iteration within academia on religion. The discourse of the secular is crucial to the modern political project of governance; it creates and reifies power relations not only between the populace and the elite, but also between the west and the less modernized regions of the middle east. However, the discourses of religion and secularity are entirely subject to changing cultural conditions. I posit that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/187415hf Mon, 21 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Owens, Nicole Bryanna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hh4p12n <p>In the early twentieth century, the concept of eugenics swept through the American scientific community and lay public. Concerned with the production of "better babies" through "better breeding," eugenics found a place among other Progressive Era social movements, such as public health and home economics, that thought to use science to improve social conditions. Eugenists promoted both "negative" eugenics—the use of coercion, isolation, and sterilization to prevent childbearing among those deemed genetically inferior—and "positive" eugenics—the encouragement of increased or improved voluntary childbearing among those of "superior stock." My research will identify why positive eugenics became so popular among middle-class white women in the United States. By examining newspaper and magazine articles dating from 1900–1945, I argue that many middle-class white women supported positive eugenics because 1) it assured women that they could experience more independence, happier marriages,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hh4p12n Sun, 20 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Oveyssi, Natalie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13q3h0ms <p>Whenever Christian missionaries proselytize, they always discuss the interaction between culture and religion in the society they are attempting to convert. What they often do not realize is the role of modernity in producing both these categories, reorganizing how missionaries relate not only to potential converts, but also to how they understand their own theology. This study follows the genealogy of religion and secularism in their development in Japan. It also traces the development and introduction of the concepts of culture and religion as two distinct spheres in the Roman Catholic Church. These historical changes lay the foundation for how Catholic missionaries classify something as either cultural, religious, or both, and how that classification affects their willingness to change practices or teachings according to “culture” or preserve them for the sake of “religion.” This research also includes ethnography about an Opus Dei center, a Catholic institution, in Japan... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13q3h0ms Tue, 8 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Ngo, Hoa Francisco https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mn5k202 <p>When James Cameron’s epic film, <em>Avatar</em>, was released in 2009, it was the highest-grossing film of all time. Yet how many people who watched it were aware of the multifaceted Hindu doctrine underlying the concept of the <em>avatara</em>? This paper traces the avatar from the Vedic age to the present day, examining how it has persisted and adapted for over three thousand years. First the complex history of the Hindu <em>avatara</em> is examined through Hindu religious literature, mythology, and hagiography. This is followed by a deeper exploration of the theology of the avatar as a “hierophany”, or divine manifestation, through three progressively deepening dimensions of Hindu belief—<em>dharma, bhakti, </em>and <em>moksha. </em>The final chapter concludes with a glimpse of the avatar concept in the postmodern world, now stripped of its religious context and emerging as a simulacrum of selfhood in the digital age. The question is asked whether the secularization of the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mn5k202 Thu, 3 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Jones, Naamleela Free https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8613k4z7 <p>This paper analyzes data from the 2013 Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement of the Current Population Survey to examine whether women work fewer hours per week than men across races. Reported hours worked in a typical week for White males are juxtaposed to those of male and female workers of Black, Hispanic, Asian, and other descent. Several regressions are considered in an attempt to correct for possible violations to ordinary least squares (OLS) assumptions that may weaken both the internal and external validity of the model. Results from the linear regression suggest that women across considered ethnicities work approximately 1–2 fewer hours per week on average than their male counterparts. While these gender differences vary across race, modifications to the regression distinguishing part-time and full-time workers indicate general robustness of the estimates for full-time employees. Part-time coefficient calculations, however, tend to lose their statistical significance... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8613k4z7 Mon, 24 Aug 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Tom, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bm3z4nc <p>Governments have long used public art and monuments to characterize and legitimize their regimes. The production of visual space has profound implications on the psychology of the nation state and the way its citizens relate to their histories. It is curious then, to ask what happens when citizens take control of the visual content of their environment, particularly as it relates to memorializing those who have been killed at the hands of political authority or hegemony. This paper will examine different visual forms of memorialization on Mohammed Mahmoud Street,1 with a particular focus on the memorial portraiture of Ammar Abo Bakr, El Zeft, and Ganzeer, and the pharaonic murals of Alaa Awad. It will then examine how such street memorials not only commemorate the martyrs2 of the revolution, but also criticize the state, take ownership of public space and the memorialization process, and contribute to the formation of a strong, pan-Egyptian identity. It will also show why,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bm3z4nc Mon, 23 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Main, Kelly Leilani https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t63s6z4 <p>In the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the tragedies of the Holocaust and the Nakba (Ar. catastrophe) inform the respective foundational narratives of victimhood, nationalism, and rebirth. The death of over six million Jews in the Holocaust and the loss of homeland for Palestinian refugees in the 1948 Nakba, while not comparable in quantitative or qualitative scale, hold a similar position in the hearts and minds of Israelis and Palestinians. Both these events represent historical injustices that galvanize their modern national struggles. Despite the striking parallels, negating the other side’s narrative of suffering is a basic characteristic/strategy of the conflict. This thesis studies the function of collective memory of trauma in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, focusing specifically on how the Holocaust and the Nakba are mobilized to construct national identities predicated on the rejection of the Other’s victimhood. My inquiry is based on textual and visual... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t63s6z4 Sat, 21 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Thomas, Shannon Andrea https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99g900m5 <p>Recent developments in sovereign capital market, such as the debt crises in Eurozone, the massive restructuring by Greece, and the escalated tension between Argentina and its holdout creditors, have brought Collective Action Clauses (CACs) back to limelight. These clauses in sovereign bond contracts are claimed to address the coordination problem among creditors and thus enable a more orderly restructuring process, and previous researches have found little cost of carrying these “insurances” for debtor countries. In this research, I revisit the cost question through a replication method and new evidence made available by the Eurozone CACs mandate, and I examine the actual efficacy of CACs by surveying the 22 sovereign bond restructurings since 1970, on which there has been little empirical analysis as I am aware of. My analysis finds that Euro CACs with the aggregation feature are associated with little but positive addition to borrowing cost, and riskier investments with lower... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99g900m5 Mon, 16 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Fang, Chenbo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xg1f1p3 This paper inquires into the ethical potential of photography.  To what extent and how can photographs evoke an affective response in viewers?  It is this affective response, I argue, which, as the foundation of empathy, forms the basis for photography’s ethical potential.  I show that one’s particular emotional response to a photograph is the trace of a deeper, universal experience that is constitutive of being human: the separation from the (m)other at birth.  Photographs are particularly powerful at evoking an affective response that unconsciously recalls this primal experience because of certain qualities inherent to the photographic medium.  This paper investigates these universal qualities of photography through an examination of Sally Mann’s photographic series <em>Deep South</em>.  Mann’s series is a particularly useful object of study because of its prompting of questions concerning time, materiality of land, and the materiality of photographs themselves.  Inscribed in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xg1f1p3 Mon, 16 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Howell, Kaila https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pp2q62p <p>There is a vast literature on the Japanese imperial state’s role in fomenting a national identity through manipulating history in the early twentieth century. The general conclusions tend to depict the state as the coherent manager of the message, the leader who finished designing Japan’s national identity by the later years of the Meiji period (1868-1912). This study uses history textbooks published between 1900 and 1926 to argue that this representation overlooks the passive and reactionary elements of the Japanese state. An analysis of the changing portrayals of historical events in three editions of state-issued textbooks (1903, 1909, and 1921) and several non-state-issued textbooks yields a complex image of the Japanese imperial state, one that is less aggressive than previously assumed. The incoherent messages of early state-issued textbooks and the nationalistic clarity in private textbooks point to a tug-of-war relationship between private textbooks and state-issued... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pp2q62p Mon, 16 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Ma, Yu-Han https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jh651qb <p>During the widespread economic prosperity of the 1920s in the United States, employers faced a serious problem retaining workers. Labor had been weakened after losing massive strikes in 1919, but the memory of that turbulent period haunted employers. Immigration restrictions enacted in the middle of the decade curtailed employers’ ability to fire and replace workers as they saw fit, and an expanding economy put workers in demand. Employers needed a uniform message to sell their workers on company loyalty. It was in this context that Mather and Company produced hundreds of motivational workplace posters, selling them to companies across the country. These posters appear at first glance to be little more than a cacophony of banal exhortations to good work habits. Yet among the jumble of images and messages, a powerful, coherent ideology urged workers to have loyalty not merely to employers, but to each other. This paper argues that these posters and related materials fostered... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jh651qb Mon, 16 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Zola, Carolyn https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48v4f1g0 <p>This research paper seeks to investigate and understand the incidence of “Female Genital Mutilation” (“FGM”) in the United States within non-immigrant communities. Until now, “FGM” studies have only focused on Africa, a few bordering countries, and the migrant ethnic populations from these areas. The World Health Organization makes universalized statements of medical, psychological, and social consequences for a wide range of practices performed by diverse peoples. Type IV “FGM” includes any injury whatsoever to the female genitalia for non-medical reasons. What happens when the Western eye factors out the ethnic-other? What happens when we turn the gaze back to ourselves? This 58-page excerpt is from an 84-page UC Berkeley honors thesis. This ethnography of 12 women utilizes a structured interview method. I hope to enrich and add further dimension to conversations, which are often reductive.  The concepts and issues of female genital alteration are complex and how these are... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48v4f1g0 Sat, 7 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0000 King, Paul R. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v55c8n9 <p>The debate over gun control has become an increasingly divisive political issue among Americans—so much so that both liberals and conservatives appear to be talking past each other. But what is causing this ideological rift? According to Moral Foundations Theory, such political schisms arise because liberals and conservatives hold different moral intuitions and respond to different forms of moral rhetoric. In line with this theory, I coded political speeches and op-eds in the New York Times and found that liberals and conservatives do in fact draw on different moral foundations in their arguments over gun control. Advocates of gun control rely heavily on the "care” foundation in their rhetoric, while advocates of gun rights rely on the “care”, “liberty”, “loyalty”, and “authority” foundations. In this way, both sides of the gun control debate talk past each other by using rhetoric that fails to resonate with the opposition’s moral intuitions. Furthermore, the gun rights side... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v55c8n9 Thu, 1 Jan 2015 00:00:00 +0000 Cook, Edgar Valentine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sz8c1p0 An Exploration of the Perceptions and Utilizations of NetworkingSystems in Washington, D.C. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sz8c1p0 Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Lindsey, Robynne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g0712nq Modeling Wildfire Hazard with a Geographic Information System https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9g0712nq Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Farley, Scott https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95q0g156 Enhancing Memory for Therapy in Depression: A Text Messaging Intervention https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95q0g156 Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Satish, Anita https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p13s23f Identity at the Fringes of Citizenship: Experiences of Afghan Refugees in Turkey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p13s23f Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Jarahzadeh, Kamyar https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71m2b8gt Online Social Networks and People's Psychology https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71m2b8gt Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Hoang, Hai https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f79486k Education &amp; Incarceration: How Their Intersection Affects a Latino/a Household https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f79486k Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Hernandez, Wendy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/680673hf The National Crusade Against Hunger in the Highlands of Chiapas: Autonomy and Participation in a Neighborhood of San Cristobal de Las Casas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/680673hf Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Sanchez Pillot, Adriana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x77w4fs Articulating Race, Geography, and Nostalgia in Rural Localities ofthe Potomac River https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5x77w4fs Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Schwartzman, Gabriel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vd2v2pd The Healthy Corner Stores Network https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vd2v2pd Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Enoiu, Alina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s81x32t Maybe Big Boys Do Cry: An Examination of Male College Students' Reactions to Situations of Competitive Loss https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5s81x32t Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Sobotka, Tagart https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dq6w0vm When Bacteria Get Good: Progress, Purity, and the Making of Probiotics https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dq6w0vm Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Yates, Allison https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54v548w0 Socialized: An Investigation into How the Phrase "As If" Is Used in Henry James's Novel What Maisie Knew https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54v548w0 Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Doyle, Emily https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kx052rb Exploring Young Adult Female Burn Survivors and Sexual Intimacy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kx052rb Sat, 22 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 Vo, Huyen