Recent sio_bulletin items

Plea for Old-Fashioned Natural History

Mon, 19 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0000

IN: Bulletin of the Scripps Institution for Biological Research of the University of California. No. 1, December 30, 1916. pp. 3-6

Development of the Gonads and the Sequence of the Sexual Phases in the California Oyster (Ostrea lurida)

Mon, 19 Apr 2010 00:00:00 +0000

Development of the Gonads and the Sequence of the Sexual Phases in the California Oyster (Ostrea lurida)

The Ecology of the Plankton Off La Jolla, California, in the Period April Through September, 1967

Thu, 21 May 2009 00:00:00 +0000

General Introduction, Hydrography, and Chemistry, by J. D. H. Strickland, Lucia Solorzano, and R. W. Eppley.

Vitamin B12, Thiamine, and Biotin, by A. F. Carlucci

Estimates of Phytoplankton Crop Size, Growth Rate, and Primary Production, by R. W. Eppley, F. M. H. Reid, and J. D. H. Strickland

Relationships of Phytoplankton Species Distribution to the Depth Distribution of Nitrate, by R. W. Eppley

Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Standing Crop, by F. M. H. Reid, E. Fuglister, and J. B. Jordan

Numerical Abundance and Estimated Biomass of Microzooplankton by J. R. Beers and G. L. Stewart

Production of the Planktonic Copepod, Calanus helgolandicus by M. M. Mullin and E. R. Brooks

Pelagic Polychaetes of the Pacific Ocean

Thu, 9 Oct 2008 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper an attempt has been made to review all those species of pelagic polychaetes that have been found in the Pacific Ocean, and to provide keys and illustrations to aid in their identification. Included in the keys are species that occur elsewhere but have not yet been recorded from the Pacific.

Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Bibliography

Wed, 12 Dec 2007 00:00:00 +0000

Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Bibliography

The Effect of Islands on Surface Waves

Wed, 7 Mar 2007 00:00:00 +0000

The interruption of the progress of waves by an island produces a zone of "wave shadow" to the "wave lee" of the island. Observations have demonstrated that the shadow is never completely devoid of waves and that on occasion relatively high waves may occur in this lee region. An investigation is made of factors influencing the wave conditions in the shadow. The characteristics and mean direction of approach of the incident waves are assumed to be known. The penetration of wave energy into the region to the lee of the island is determined by the following factors: (1) the effect of underwater topography off the island's shores in refracting wave energy into the lee, (2) the effect of currents near the island in refracting energy, (3) the diffraction effect resulting when a barrier interrupts wave fronts, and (4) the effect of variability in direction of wave travel in limiting the extent of the shadow. The quantitative results indicate that the important effects in the penetration...

Pontinus vaughani, a New Scorpaenid Fish from Baja California

Tue, 6 Mar 2007 00:00:00 +0000

Ichthyologically speaking, one of the least-explored parts of North America is Baja California. From the waters along its coast several hitherto unknown species have been collected. One of these, a very distinct kind of rockfish or scorpionfish (a member of the family Scorpaenidae) , is described in this contribution. The single specimen, a large adult, was presented to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography by the Hall-Booth Fish Company of San Diego, as Accession No. 1252. The fishermen who took this fish were not consulted, but according to information obtained from the company, the specimen was included among some "rock cod" (Sebastodes) that were caught in the Pacific Ocean off Cedros Island on May 14, 1931. The rockfish grounds off this island are on the west side, where an abundance of kelp grows on the rocky bottom in shallow water. This new scorpaenid belongs to a group that is predominantly deep-sea and tropical. It is one of the few littoral fishes of its type and...

Annual Cycles of Diving Behavior and Ecology of the Weddell Seal

Wed, 28 Feb 2007 00:00:00 +0000

Annual diving patterns in pinnipeds are difficult to study because most seals and sea lions are at sea and inaccessible for a large portion of the year. Consequently, until recently, most studies of pinniped biology were concerned with the onshore behavior of species that breed in accessible sites. Of all the species studied, however, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) presents a remarkable exception to the generally incomplete view of the natural history of marine mammals. The south polar, fast ice environment of Weddell seals provides an unparalleled opportunity for diving studies. Because Weddell seals regularly haul out onto the sea ice surface, investigators can approach the seals whenever sea ice is present. As a result, it is possible to study adult males, females, and sub-adults at different times in their life cycles and examine their breeding success and population movements. We present information collected during six field seasons, including a full year...

The Tsunami of April 1, 1946

Tue, 27 Feb 2007 00:00:00 +0000

The tsunami which devastated the shores of the Hawaiian Islands on April 1, 1946, was caused by a movement of the sea bottom on the northern slope of the Aleutian Trough, south of Unimak Island. The waves traveled southward to Hawaii with an average speed of roughly 490 miles an hour, a wave length of nearly 100 miles, and a height in the open sea which is thought to have been 2 feet or less. The height and violence of the wave attack on Hawaiian shores varied greatly: at some points the waves dashed up on the shore with great violence and to heights as great as 55 feet above sea level; elsewhere they rose slowly and without turbulence. A detailed account is given of the heights the waves reached on the shores of the major islands, and damage done is described. Waves were generally highest on those sides of the islands which were toward the wave origin, and at the heads of sub- marine ridges projecting into deep water. They tended to be lower at the heads of submarine valleys,...

Systematics, Variation, Distribution, And Biology Of Rockfishes Of The Subgenus Sebastomus (Pisces, Scorpaenidae, Sebastes)

Thu, 28 Sep 2006 00:00:00 +0000

Following Matsubara, Sebastodes is synonymized with Sebastes.

The form known as S. helvomaculatits found in southern California is distinguished from that species and described as S. simulator, n. sp. S. rhodochloris (Jordan and Gilbert) is synonymized with S. helvomaculatus Ayres, and the form called S. rhodochloris by Phillips is described as S. ensifer, n. sp. S. eos of authors is a complex and a new species, S. rosenblatti, is described. In addition, three other new species, S. noting, S. lentiginossus and S. exsul, are described. Full description is given to each of the seven remaining species of the subgenus Sebastomus. Forms occurring in the southern hemisphere are all referred to as S. capensis. On the basis of similarities in meristics, body configuration, and color patterns, relationships among species of Sebastomus are discussed.

Meristic numbers in species of Sebastomus are found to be constant ontogenetically and geographically. Vertebral counts tend...

The Desmosomatidae (Isopoda, Asellota) Of The Gay Head-Bermuda Transect

Thu, 28 Sep 2006 00:00:00 +0000

This study treats asellote isopods of the family Desmosomatidae from benthic samples taken>on, or in the vicinity of, a transect between Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and the islands of Bermuda. Samples came from a depth range of 20-5,100 meters and represent the continental shelf, slope, and rise, the abyssal plain beneath the Sargasso Sea, and the Bermuda Rise.

Thirty-nine species have been found in this region, and all but ten of them are new. Nearly the full range of morphologies known to exist in the family is represented. Study of this material revealed the necessity for a complete revision of the family. Fifteen genera belonging to two subfamilies are recognized. This classification reflects a basic evolutionary pattern within the family. The Desmosomatinae n. subf. includes the most primitive genera and those genera in which the first pereopod has become reduced and attenuated. The Eugerdellatinae n. subf. contains genera whose first pereopod has become robust...

External and internal characters, horizontal and vertical distributions, luminescence, and food of the dwarf pelagic shark, Euprotomicrus bispinatus

Wed, 9 Aug 2006 00:00:00 +0000

The object of this paper is to coordinate and expand knowledge of Euprotomicrus bispinatus (Quoy and Caimard, 1824), the pigmy shark : a most remarkable creature, which until recent years had been known for a century and a quarter on the basis of very few, casual observations at sea and of 8 museum specimens. As a result of increasing emphasis on high-seas research we now have data on 37 specimens, and a much richer fund of information on the species.

The pigmy shark is a strange creature, defying most concepts of a shark. In the first place it is tiny: the largest known example spans only 265 mm (10 ½ in.) in total length and weighs less than 70 grams (about 234 ounces) ! Males mature at 170 mm, females at 233 mm or less. Its terete body and wee gill openings remind one of a lamprey. Its essentially diphycercal tail, with large, rounded dorsal and ventral caudal-fin lobes and horizontal termination of the spinal column, little resembles the long-drawn-out, upturned heterocercal...

Review of the Deep-Sea Fish Family Platytroctidae (Pisces: Salmoniformes)

Fri, 19 May 2006 00:00:00 +0000

The salmoniform fish family Platytroctidae (Searsidae) was last revised by Parr (1960) and then included 17 species in 12 genera. Since Parr's revision, 20 nominal species and 2 genera have been introduced. This rapid increase in new taxa, a number of which are poorly diagnosed and described, has left the taxonomy in an unsatisfactory condition. As a result of our study, 5 species and 2 genera are synonymized. We recognize 37 species (5 new) in 13 genera (1 new). A key to the family is presented and each genus is diagnosed and described, with a synopsis for each species. Besides the sac beneath the cleithrum that contains luminous fluid (shoulder organ), platytroctids are clearly set apart from other alepocephaloids by a number of synapomorphies including the presence of a subcutaneous canal system, a unique arrangement of the anterior predorsal spines, and the configuration of the caudal skeletal complex. Intrafamilial relationships were determined by use of a number...

Siphonophores of the Pacific with a Review of the World Distribution

Mon, 15 May 2006 00:00:00 +0000

Most of the published work on Siphonophorae deals with taxonomic descriptions, taxonomic problems and systematic accounts, histology and anatomy and also gives records concerning the distribution of the individual species. Although the Siphonophorae are not so distinctly restricted to water masses as are most of the Chaetognatha species, it has been observed that some species of siphonophores can be used as indicators of the flow of certain types of waters into a particular region. Russel (1934) observed Muggiaea atlantica at the entrance of the English Channel where it "occurred for an unbroken series of years from 1913 to 1924 (excepting 1915, when none were seen in the collections), but that in 1924 Muggiaea kochi first made its appearance and that since that time Muggiaea atlantica has disappeared from the area." Later I studied the plankton of this region and became familiar with the fluctuations in the occurrence of one or other of these species; the presence of Muggiaea...

A systematic revision of the deep-sea subfamily Lipomerinae of the Isopod Crustacean family Munnopsidae

Mon, 15 May 2006 00:00:00 +0000

The fully natatory families of the janiroidean Asellota, the munnopsids sensu lato, include a group of genera that blurs the distinction between the Ilyarachnidae and the Eurycopidae. This work determines the interrelationships of the ilyarachnid-like eurycopids, and shows that they are a monophyletic group. In so doing, the family-level systematics of the munnopsids is revised. The ilyarachnid-like eurycopids are assigned to a newly constituted subfamily, the Lipomerinae, and five genera are described, four of which are new. A diagnosis of the subfamily Lipomerinae with a key to the superspecific taxa is included in the taxonomic part. One species in each superspecific taxon is fully described. Coperonus n. gen. is a primarily Southern Hemisphere group with several species in the south Atlantic and around the Antarctic continent. The most ilyarachnid-like genus is Hapsidohedra n. gen., which may have a cosmopolitan distribution. Lionectes n. gen. is found in Antarctic waters....

Euphausiacea (Crustacea) of the North Pacific

Tue, 20 Sep 2005 00:00:00 +0000

As a part of the Marine Life Research Program of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (a member of the California Coöperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations) an increased effort is being made to describe and evaluate the various organic factors that are important in the biological economy of the sea. In attacking the problem, the most expedient procedure is to study in detail the various components of the plankton, for it is well known that these components in varying degrees of importance provide directly the basic food for the plankton-feeding fishes, such as the sardine, and also directly or indirectly for larger but less abundant pelagic fishes, as well as benthonic life. Among the several groups of zoöplankton organisms that are being studied are the euphausiid shrimp. These highly pelagic crustaceans, popularly known as “krill,” occur in large swarms in all oceans in both neritic and oceanic waters. They are considered second in importance only to the copepods as...

Taxonomy and distribution of the marine calanoid copepod family Euchaetidae

Tue, 20 Sep 2005 00:00:00 +0000

The marine calanoid copepod family Euchaetidae and its two genera, Euchaeta and Paraeuchaeta, are redefined. Fourteen species of Euchaeta and 61 species of Paraeuchaeta, including 13 new species, are described and their geographic ranges defined from specimens found in midwater trawl and plankton net samples collected throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. The species of Euchaeta are classified into three species groups - marina, concinna, and acuta groups - and an independent species, E spinosa; those of Paraeuchaeta were classified into six species groups malayensis, pavlovskii, norvegica, glacialis, hebes, and antarctica groups - and three independent species - P. biloba, P. bisinuata, and P. grandiremis. Each of the nine species groups is defined with detailed descriptions of its representative species and each of the four independent species that could not be grouped is also described in detail. Phylogenetic relationships among the species groups and independent...

Marine Plankton Diatoms of the West Coast of North America