Recent sio_cmbc_capstone items

MPA Sentinels: Leveraging Marine Monitor (M2) to support enforcement and compliance within California's Marine Protected Area Network

Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This report is useful for any leader interested in supporting marine enforcement and compliance within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The project synthesizes and shares best practices, insights, and ideas of marine conservation professionals who are adept at working together to lead enforcement and compliance effort for California’s extraordinary network of MPAs. The project’s focus is on Marine Monitor (M2) technology, provided by ProtectedSeas, and how it can best be used to support the work of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) wildlife officers and allied agencies, regarding MPA enforcement. Deliverables contained in this report will be useful for enforcement officers, team members at ProtectedSeas, M2 Site Partners including team members of the California Marine Sanctuary Foundation (CMSF) and WILDCOAST, members of the MPA Collaborative Network, or decision makers from funding organizations like the Resources Legacy Fund (RLF), California’s Ocean Protection...

Funding that Holds: Sustaining the continuity behind community-based marine stewardship

Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Community-based marine stewardship depends on continuity: sustained monitoring, long-term relationships, institutional memory, and the people who remain engaged despite changing ecological, social, and funding conditions. In conservation philanthropy, there is growing discussion of trust-based and relational funding approaches. Yet a gap often remains between the stated desire to support conservation this way and the funding structures available to community-based organizations, which are still frequently organized around short-term projects, discrete deliverables, and fixed reporting cycles. These models are poorly aligned with the longer time horizons required for adaptive marine governance.

This case study examines Mālama Pūpūkea-Waimea (MPW), a community-based organization that has co-managed the Pūpūkea Marine Life Conservation District on the North Shore of Oʻahu with the State of Hawaiʻi for more than two decades. Drawing on interviews, documents, literature reviews,...

Sharp Minds in Shallow Seas: Latitudinal Brain Variation in the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark

Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Brain organization in elasmobranchs has been shown to reflect habitat complexity and sensory demands across species, yet whether geography alone can drive similar patterns within a single species remains an open question. This study examined whether brain region proportions vary across the latitudinal range of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, using a dataset of 47 specimens collected across six sites spanning the species' distribution, with populations compared between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Three brain regions differed significantly between Atlantic and Gulf populations after controlling for body size. The olfactory bulb was proportionally greater in Atlantic sharks, consistent with the chemosensory demands of navigating low-visibility estuarine environments. The mesencephalon and cerebellum were proportionally greater in Gulf sharks, consistent with the visual and locomotor demands of clearer, more open coastal waters. These findings...

Between Breaths: Methods and Perspectives in Drone-Based Cetacean Research

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This project examines the application of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in cetacean research, with a focus on ethical methodology, regulatory frameworks, and the behavioral data that aerial observation makes possible. Conducted across four sites in Baja California Sur, Mexico during spring of 2026, drone surveys documented three cetacean species: common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in La Paz Bay, gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in Magdalena Bay and Laguna Ojo de Liebre, and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Todos Santos. Flight telemetry data were converted into georeferenced flight path layers using ArcGIS Pro, with behavioral observation points added manually at locations of notable activity, creating a replicable workflow for spatial documentation of aerial cetacean surveys. Expert interviews with researchers and practitioners from NOAA, Ocean Alliance, Coastal Dolphins of Latin America, and the wildlife cinematography field contributed to a broader...

Confluence: Sea Turtles, Community, Habitat

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The heavily polluted San Gabriel river in Long Beach, CA is home to a growing population of Eastern Pacific green sea turtles, also known as the Pacific black turtle. Beginning in the 1980s, conservation efforts to bring these turtles back from the brink of extinction have been largely community based beginning at their nesting beaches in Michoacán, Mexico and now in Long Beach. The film begins with the indigenous community in Mexico and travels to the San Gabriel river. The story combines compelling interviews with the community members leading the protection initiatives with intimate footage of turtles and other wildlife in this dangerous habitat. The goal of this film is to raise awareness with city leaders to initiate official support for the Long Beach community protecting these turtles on their own time with their own resources.

See the media created for this project:

https://youtu.be/4fqdafvcRMg?si=CRalu1NGxa02yuQC

...

Turtle Island WISE: Western Indigenous Science Exploration

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Turtle Island WISE (Western Indigenous Science Exploration) is a STEAM-based environmental nonprofit organization forming under 501(c)(3) status in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. This business plan, developed as a capstone project for the Master of Advanced Studies in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, documents the organizational framework, community need, programmatic model, and financial projections for the organization's first year of operations. The San Fernando Valley is home to more than 1.8 million people, the majority of them underrepresented communities living inland, far from the coast, and underserved by existing environmental education infrastructure. Only 8.8% of graduate students in ocean sciences identify as belonging to an underrepresented minority group, and communities of color are three times more likely than white communities to live in nature-deprived areas. Adult-serving...

From Fear to Respect: Demystifying the Sea Through Access to Ocean Literacy

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Historical and present-day displacement from the ocean creates a disconnection between the marine environment and local communities. In Puerto Rico, barriers to ocean access include transportation, privatized development, policies, and the increased frequency and intensity of storms resulting from climate change. The grassroots organization Sail for Reefs works to bridge water-based recreation and the conservation of marine resources through education, ocean engagement, and habitat restoration. The goal of this project is to develop a place-based, hands-on curriculum to be taught through Sail for Reefs education and outreach programs with the intention of connecting young people to local coastal habitats. The success of the curriculum will be measured through expert review of materials and alignment of the content with proposed learning objectives. A workshop was held to train Sail for Reefs staff and local educators on how to administer the curriculum, increasing implementation...

Drifting Giants: From Calving to Current

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Icebergs are dynamic floating masses of ice that play a critical role in global ocean circulation, marine ecosystems, and sea level rise (Cenedese and Straneo, 2023; NOAA, 2024). Formed over thousands of years, traveling southward through “Iceberg Alley” off the coast of Newfoundland, these ancient ice masses are shaped by wind, waves, sunlight, and seawater (Cenedese and Straneo, 2023; NOAA, 2024). Rising global temperatures accelerate the rate of iceberg calving and their longevity, thereby altering the sea level, the marine trophic web and the global meridional overturning circulation (Vernet et al., 2012; Arrigo, 2014; Sévellec, Fedorov and Liu, 2017; NOAA, 2024).

Despite their ecological significance, icebergs are often perceived as distant, remote symbols of the Arctic, far removed from daily life. This perception hinders the general public’s understanding of the dynamic role icebergs play in the global ocean system.

Drifting Giants is an interactive...

Tracking CEQA Projects and Habitat Outcomes: A Statewide Monitoring Framework for California Trout's Regional Program

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

California's aquatic ecosystems face mounting pressure from a range of sources, including development, agricultural water use, and climate change, threatening the native species that depend on them. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) provides a critical mechanism for environmental transparency and public participation in project review. Yet consistent engagement with the law remains difficult for conservation organizations and the public, given the volume of listings, technical language, and limited tracking infrastructure. This project, developed in partnership with California Trout, sought to reduce those barriers by creating a statewide CEQA monitoring framework across the organization's seven regional programs. Deliverables include seven regional databases, an interactive GIS map, and a publicly accessible StoryMap designed to educate and encourage public participation in the CEQA process. Ultimately, this project was built on the belief that CEQA is strongest...

An Ocean for Everyone: Creating a Vitural Tour to Expand Access and Awareness

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Virtual tours represent an underutilized but promising tool for marine conservation, capable of immersing users in protected environments and forging emotional connections that motivate stewardship. This project developed a conservation-focused virtual tour of Matlahuayl State Marine Reserve in La Jolla, documenting a replicable process for the broader field. Over 36 scientific dives with a 12-person team from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the project collected roughly 21.5 hours of 360-degree underwater video across six major habitats, which was then built into an interactive tour using 3D Vista software and hosted on a dedicated web server. The resulting prototype successfully demonstrates that a high-quality, video-rich conservation virtual tour can be produced and maintained at relatively modest cost, with strong loading performance and mobile responsiveness. Future iterations would benefit from establishing a communication strategy prior to diving to...

Our Fisheries, Our Futures: Youth Engagement in Small Scale Fisheries

Thu, 9 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This capstone project examines the barriers, opportunities, and best practices of youth engagement in small-scale fisheries and adjacent sectors. In partnership with Coast 2 Coast Movement, the project draws from survey responses, informal conversations, and educational design work connected to the 5th World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress 2026 in Hua Hin, Thailand. Findings suggest that youth disengagement from small-scale fisheries is not simply a matter of interest. It is tied to economic insecurity, low social status, limited decision-making power, weak mentorship pathways, climate and resource uncertainty, and a lack of visible futures. The first deliverable is What’s the Catch? Youth Futures in Small-Scale Fisheries Workshop Toolkit, a workshop curriculum designed for global educators, young professionals, and youth-adjacent practitioners. The toolkit translates key themes from the project into interactive and action-oriented activities that help participants move from...

REELMARK: A Mobile Companion for California Recreational Anglers

Wed, 8 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

ReelMark is an iOS companion app for California's recreational saltwater anglers, built around a single promise: confidence in every cast. It pairs the 2026 California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) saltwater regulations and the state's marine protected area network with AI-powered fish identification, a plain-English regulations guide named Salty, real-time MPA proximity alerts, and a frictionless catch log, delivered in five languages reflecting California's coastal angler community.

The problem is specific. California manages more than 65 saltwater species under rules that shift within and between seasons, across a marine protected area network whose boundaries are invisible at sea. A large share of the state's anglers, including pier and shore fishers who are exempt from the license requirement but bound by every other rule, have no convenient way to stay compliant on the water. No existing app combines California-specific regulatory depth, real-time MPA proximity,...

Urchinloop: Inspiring Sea Urchin Innovation to Drive Kelp Restoration in California

Wed, 8 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Kelp forests are critical for California’s biodiversity, coastal economy, overall beauty and the long-term vitality of its marine ecosystems. With a massive reduction in kelp biomass due to climate change impacts and loss of essential species, purple urchins have overpopulated, preventing kelp recovery and reducing local biodiversity. Additionally, large quantities of “waste” is associated with both purple urchin removal for kelp restoration projects and commercial urchin fisheries that process urchins for uni. Entrepreneurs and artists can capitalize on this “waste” through innovative solutions and circular economic principles. This project aims to support a long-term restoration model by highlighting urchin byproduct innovation and art. Furthermore, increased demand for urchin-based products could create a new commercial fishery in California specifically targeting the removal of purple urchins. The project deliverable, Urchinloop, a consumer-facing website highlighting businesses...

Assessing Ecological Outcomes of Blue Carbon Restoration in Australia: A focus on Tasmanian Salt Marshes

Mon, 14 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tidal salt marshes are among Australia’s most important blue carbon ecosystems, offering essential services such as carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and critical habitat for fish and wildlife. Yet many remain degraded, and restoration efforts are constrained by limited guidance on how to effectively monitor ecological outcomes. This capstone project evaluates the utility of imaging sonar as a non-invasive tool to assess fish abundance, behavior, and habitat use in restored tidal wetlands across Tasmania.

The study contributes to the development of a standardized methodology for applying imaging sonar in salt marsh environments—habitats where turbidity and shallow water limit the effectiveness of optical or diver-based surveys. Results show that while imaging sonar is well-suited for detecting fish in these challenging conditions, it must be used alongside traditional gear-based methods, such as pop, fyke, and seine nets, to ensure representative sampling across...

Storytelling for a Species - The White Abalone Story

Thu, 10 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The White Abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) is functionally extinct in the wild. The only thing standing between this species and complete extinction is a dedicated group of individuals working tirelessly to save it. In a time of uncertain funding for many disciplines, particularly in science, it is crucial to effectively communicate the efforts of scientists, volunteers, and everyday citizens who are striving to protect a species on the brink of extinction due to human-caused impacts. Storytelling for a Species – The White Abalone Story aims to tell the story of the White Abalone and its recovery efforts, helping to illuminate, illustrate, and educate others about the importance of saving this humble creature.

Please see media created for this project here:

https://youtu.be/bC0xbSREATg?si=...

Stakeholder Valuation of CalCOFI Data usage for Improved Decision Making

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

California’s ocean is home to one of the most biologically diverse and productive marine ecosystems in the world, providing vital environmental, economic, and cultural resources. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) runs the world’s longest-running integrated ocean ecosystem sampling program in the California Current Ecosystem. The physical, chemical, and biological processes of the California Current are monitored to understand ocean currents that influence the climate and ecosystems of the area. Their data is also used to track the abundance and distribution of various marine organisms, which can then be leveraged to support the sustainable management of fishing and aquaculture, conservation efforts, and the siting and development of offshore renewable energy (Monroe, 2024). CalCOFI data is used by oceanographers, meteorologists, state and federal government entities, and organizations across sectors. With many stakeholders engaged with the long-term...

Barks and Recreation: Conservation, Coexistence, and Community at La Jolla Cove

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The recent recovery of various pinniped populations following their protection under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) has been largely hailed as a conservation success. At the same time, many coastal areas have been experiencing a rise in human-wildlife conflict due to increased proximity between humans and pinnipeds. La Jolla Cove is a public beach in San Diego, California where humans and California sea lions come into close regular contact and where the public debate over how best to balance between ensuring public access to the coast with protecting local wildlife has continued to simmer. By creating a short documentary film to explore human-wildlife interactions at La Jolla Cove and highlight the range of beliefs on how to address the issue, viewers will be invited to reflect on their relationship to marine wildlife and develop an informed perspective on how best to build peaceful coexistence between species on public land and oceans. At a time when the environment...

Multitrophic Bioremediation of Urban Coastal Waters

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Urban bivalve reef restoration offers a transformative strategy for enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services in degraded coastal environments (Grabowski et al., 2012; Scyphers et al., 2011; zu Ermgassen et al., 2021). This review synthesizes findings from several studies to evaluate the ecological and societal impacts of oyster and mussel reef restoration. Results demonstrate that restored bivalve reefs significantly improve water quality, enhance habitat complexity, and support robust increases in fish and invertebrate diversity, with substantial gains for recreational and commercially significant species (Hemraj et al., 2022; van der Schatte Olivier et al., 2020). These improvements extend beyond ecology, providing shoreline stabilization, carbon sequestration, and public health benefits, reinforcing the broader value of blue-green infrastructure (Barbier et al., 201; van der Schatte Olivier et al., 2020; White et al.,2020).

Despite these successes, restoration...

Stories of Stress and Survival: Identifying Coral Bleaching Patterns to Support Reef Management in Pohnpei, Micronesia

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Coral bleaching, driven by warming ocean temperatures, threatens biodiversity, food security, coastal protection, and cultural identity throughout Micronesia. Pohnpei’s coral reefs are experiencing an unprecedented escalation in bleaching events, with three mass bleaching events recorded in the past decade alone. These events are not part of a natural cycle but a clear signal of accelerating climate change.

In partnership with the Conservation Society of Pohnpei (CSP) and the Micronesia Coral Reef Monitoring Program (MCRM), this capstone project analyzed site-specific bleaching data from the 2024 mass bleaching event and compared it with over a decade of long-term monitoring records. The goal was to generate practical, place-based insights to support local reef management and climate adaptation.

Through spatial and species-level analysis, this project established a baseline for how Pohnpei’s reefs respond to bleaching, providing a foundation for future research....

What the Satellite Can't See: Bridging Gaps in Alaska's Oil Spill Detection

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Oil spill risk is increasing in Alaska, due to retreating Arctic sea ice and increased maritime activity. This paper examines how Automated Identification Systems (AIS) and satellite imagery are used for spill detection and vessel tracking, detailing both their evolution and the technical limitations that arise when applying them in Arctic conditions. By analyzing remote sensing technologies and their integration with AIS, the paper identifies critical gaps in data accessibility and oil spill validation, especially in remote regions. It presents a dataset that allows remote sensing engineers to further adapt detection models to Arctic environments. It also highlights the role of community-based monitoring in bridging the gap between technology and spill detection. Finally, it proposes that community-led validation networks, improved tool access, and consistent QA feedback loops are essential for building a more responsive and equitable oil spill monitoring system.

On Shared Waters: Where Livelihoods, Culture and Giants Meet

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This capstone project maps the spatial overlap between marine megafauna and human activity in the Ticao-Burias Pass, Philippines, focusing on whale sharks (Rhincodon typus), pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus), and reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi). Drawing on field-collected GPS tracks, dive log records, and datasets from LAMAVE, WWF, and local tourism operators, the project visualizes areas of ecological significance and human use through an interactive StoryMap. By integrating local knowledge and stakeholder narratives, the study highlights how conservation planning must account for both biodiversity and the economic realities of coastal communities. Findings inform participatory marine spatial planning and underscore the value of co-managed, community-grounded approaches to marine conservation.

Please see media created for this project here: https://arcg.is/0Tiz9D0 ...

Up Above and Down Below: Visualization of the San Juan Barrier Reef

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The San Juan Barrier Reef provides vital ecosystem services to the metropolitan area of Puerto Rico, the coast with the highest density, in protection from coastal hazards, increased biodiversity, and economic opportunity. This reef was severely damaged by Hurricane Maria and changing ocean conditions, and has been declared a priority for coral restoration. Through aerial image analysis, reef areas of interest were identified for restoration potential, based on species presence and physical site characteristics, such as bathymetry and rugosity. This analysis was displayed in ArcGIS to inform in-water survey site selection. The identification accuracy of these site characteristics was examined through field surveys. Large area imaging was performed to create baseline mosaics to monitor reef restoration progress.

Moby Pic: Tails of the Deep; A photo-ID catalog for sperm whales of the Northeast Pacific from 1991-2024

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), the largest toothed whale, is a globally distributed, deep-diving marine mammal known for pronounced sexual dimorphism and complex social structure. In the northeastern Pacific, key aspects of their ecology—including movement patterns, stock structure, the connection between high-latitude males and breeding groups, and regional site fidelity—remain poorly understood. This study aims to improve understanding of the geographic and temporal movements of individual whales and contribute to an ongoing assessment of demographically independent populations (stocks) in the eastern North Pacific.

Using the non-invasive method of photo-identification (photo-ID), we compiled a catalog of 90 individual sperm whales from 19 research cruises conducted between 1991 and 2024. These data, archived in the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) catalog, support efforts to map distribution, identify movement patterns, and behavior and will be...

Coral Health is Community Health: Establishing Baseline Orthomosaic Reef Data in Kapo'o

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This capstone project specifically contributes to the pre-summer tourist season orthomosaic data, and serves as a baseline for future, complementary orthomosaic data after the conclusion of the tourist season. The final orthomosaics are featured on a GIS StoryMap, which serves as a science communication device. Related media content centering on the people and ecosystem of Pūpūkea, such as a short video and underwater and terrestrial footage and pictures, were also collected to highlight the connection between coral health and community health.

Please see media created for this project here: ArcGIS StoryMap (public); Short...

Salacia: Protectors of the Sea

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

“[A] student will subconsciously limit their abilities simply because they do not see other people that look like themselves doing a job or working in a career they are interested in” (Brooks).

Diversity in people is also diversity in ideas and mindsets, and effective conservation requires that all voices be heard in these unprecedented times of climate change. Women, and in particular women of color, have long been underrepresented in scientific disciplines, and this is also true in the world of marine science. When people see role models that they can relate to in certain fields and roles, they are much more likely to pursue such roles themselves, and believe that it’s possible for them to do so. Educators in particular play a significant role in inspiring students and community members and supporting them in their goals (Bettinger). My film capstone project will tell the stories of four women building up the next generation of conservationists in community stewardship,...

Ocean Literarcy in Action: Developing and Evaluating a High School Education Initiative for Future Conservation Leaders

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The ocean plays a vital role in oxygen production, temperature regulation, biodiversity, and supporting jobs and livelihoods for millions of people. As ocean health declines due to anthropogenic impacts, the need for informed and community-centered approaches to ocean conservation is more important than ever. Yet many young people, especially from historically excluded communities, have limited access to marine science education, particularly programs that also build leadership skills. To address this gap, the Conservation Leadership Program (CLP), led by the Aburto Lab at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, launched a multi-phase initiative for underserved high school students in San Diego. Phase 1 of the program was a six-week hybrid course that was grounded in the Ocean Literacy Framework and integrated field experiences, mentorship, and community engagement. This Capstone Project focused on developing the Phase 1 curriculum and designing tools to evaluate program...

Illuminating the Polar Night: an Analysis of Phytoplankton Communities in Svalbard through Citizen Science and Genetics

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In 2019, citizen scientists overwintered in Svalbard, a high-Arctic region experiencing extreme seasonal changes including the prolonged darkness of the polar night. During their expedition, they collected phytoplankton samples that were processed using RNA sequencing methods to investigate gene expression patterns throughout the transition into winter. This study presents a short time-series analysis of Arctic phytoplankton gene expression before and during the polar night, linking shifts in gene ontology (GO) terms across Biological Process (BP), Cellular Component (CC), and Molecular Function (MF) categories with environmental variables such as temperature, sea ice thickness, salinity, and sunlight duration. Early sampling revealed upregulation of genes related to salt stress and light response, while the coldest day exhibited widespread activation of cold response pathways and energy metabolism components. During the polar night, most gene expression declined, with selective...

Voices of Resistance: Reframing Oceanographic Narratives through U.S. Militarism

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the face of increased uncertainty regarding the role of funding and advocacy in science, this capstone project centers Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and aims to redefine oceanography in a modern sociopolitical context defined by U.S. militarism. My documentary aims to address how U.S. military funding influences scientific impact and outcomes at SIO in light of ongoing campus activism for divestment from extractive and exploitative industries. Particularly, it plans to highlight how militarized institutions directly contradict the anticolonial work necessary for long-term climate solutions. I produced a short film as a culturally responsive resource for impacted SIO students and faculty, particularly those working in projects with funding from the Department of Defense (DOD). It centers conversations surrounding alternative ways of science in hopes of aiding a sociocultural shift towards interdisciplinary academic research. To disseminate this film and relevant...

Framing Awe: Creating Space for Ocean Imagery and Connection

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This project harnesses the power of underwater photography to reveal the hidden beauty and intricate complexity of marine life, both beneath the ocean’s surface and beyond the limits of everyday perception. By showcasing luminous sea creatures and microscopic ecosystems, the project aims to evoke awe and foster a deeper emotional connection to the natural world. To achieve this, the project combines compelling visual storytelling with thoughtfully designed and accessible viewing experiences. Key deliverables include immersive large-scale video projections, an interactive exhibit featuring underwater fluorescence, and a website that brings together images, scientific content, and video to engage a wide public audience.

Please see media created for this project here: https://www.saltwaterfocus.com

Swimming Upstream: Exploring Impacts of Minimizing Chum Salmon Bycatch in the Bering Sea Pollock Fishery

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The complexity of regulatory writing, including environmental impact statements, often hinders meaningful public engagement and action. This project serves as a communication tool to help various stakeholders and communities gain a comprehensive understanding of proposed regulations regarding chum salmon bycatch in the Bering Sea pollock fishery. Given the cultural, economic, and environmental sensitivity of this issue, effective collaboration is essential for achieving impactful and meaningful outcomes. The interactive tool summarizes key elements of the preliminary Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) using ArcGIS StoryMaps. A central goal of the StoryMap is to encourage public participation once the DEIS becomes available for comment in the Federal Register. By simplifying complex scientific and regulatory information, the project aims to foster greater involvement in policymaking and ensure that community voices are meaningfully incorporated into the decision-making...

Beyond the Beach: Mapping Access and Supporting Coastal Reconnection in Kumeyaay Territor

Wed, 9 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This Capstone investigates coastal access inequities in the United States, particularly focusing on demographic differences between shoreline and inland communities in coastal counties. Using 2020 U.S. Census data and ArcGIS, the analyses reveal that communities of color are significantly underrepresented along the shoreline despite coastal counties being more diverse than the U.S. as a whole. This national context grounds a more local collaboration in San Diego County with the Coastal Defenders’ Indigenous Leadership Youth and Young Adult Program (ILY), which seeks to reconnect Native and Indigenous youth–particularly Kumeyaay youth–with their ancestral coastal lands. The project produced both a demographic dashboard and a community-centered StoryMap, highlighting the importance of data-informed, locally grounded, and culturally respectful approaches to equitable coastal access.

Please see media created for this project here:

Dashboard link:

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/8c0224c6af6740bcb5937cc58e91c3c9

StoryMap...

Artisinal Fishers at the Helm: Co-Designing Illuminated Nets for Sea Turtle Bycatch Mitigation in Ecuador / Pescadores Artesenales al Mando: Co-Desñando Redes Illuminadas para la Mitigación de la Captura Incidental de Tortugas Marinas en Ecuador

Tue, 8 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Six of the seven global species of sea turtles are listed as threatened or higher on the IUCN Red List due to anthropogenic threats (Hays, et al. 2025). Among the most vulnerable is the Eastern Pacific subpopulation of the leatherback turtle, which has declined by over 90% from historic levels and faces a high risk of extinction without urgent conservation efforts(Wallace et al. 2013). Ecuador is a critical region for intervention, accounting for an estimated 87% of sea turtle bycatch in Southeast Pacific gillnet fisheries (Alfaro-Shigueto et al. 2018). Illuminated nets have been shown to reduce sea turtle bycatch in various fisheries, but successful implementation requires fisher engagement and support (Ortiz et al. 2016, Darquea et al. 2020, Allman, et al. 2021. This study collaborated with artisanal fishers in Jaramijó, Ecuador to co-design a modified illuminated gillnet. The resulting design, which positions lights 18 meters deep and 20 meters apart, was selected through...

San Diego Wetlands: A Knowledge Base to Guide Protection

Tue, 8 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Despite the many values provided by coastal wetlands, Southern California has lost an estimated 62% of its historic wetland area over the past 150 years. San Diego County’s 20 main estuarine sites vary widely in governance structures, protections, management priorities, and research and monitoring programs, making it difficult to assess where protections or resources are most needed. This challenge is particularly relevant as California’s 30x30 Framework (30x30), which aims to protect 30% of the state’s land and waters by 2030, currently lacks sufficient guidance for wetlands. The goal of this capstone project was to develop a publicly accessible knowledge base on San Diego County’s coastal wetland systems to inform evidence-based decision making around management, additional protections, and resource allocation. Guided by input from wetland managers and policy stakeholders, I compiled key ecological and governance information into a centralized database and visualized...

Learning on Vacation: Knowledge Gain and the Value of Phytoplankton Sampling

Tue, 8 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Travel to Antarctica is increasing with more than 123,000 visitors traveling to the Southern continent last season (IAATO 2024). As visitation increases, participatory science programs (PSP) enable tour cruise operators to incorporate sustainability messaging and a sense of purpose into the travel experience. Antarctic tour expedition vessels are increasingly incorporating PSP on board as engagement activities for travelers to contribute to scientific efforts. This project evaluates in what ways participatory science programs enhance visitor experiences in Antarctica. The main objective is to assess how participation in PSP could foster environmental awareness and meaningful connections. I focused on the FjordPhyto program, which engages travelers in phytoplankton sampling aboard cruise ships along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (Cusick et al. 2020). Traveler responses can help tour guides and operators understand the role of PSP in the overall satisfaction of passenger experience....

The Elusive Life of Beaked Whales: Understanding Deep-Diving Foraging Behavior Using Acoustics and Optics

Tue, 8 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Beaked whales are among the most elusive, deep-diving marine mammals in the ocean. Understanding their predator-prey relationships presents a unique challenge for researchers. By using acoustics and optics with in situ environmental data to investigate predator-prey relationships in beaked whales, we aim to reveal insights into the foraging behaviors and hunting strategies of this species, as well as their ecological and anthropogenic stressors in the deep. This study focuses on the integration of acoustic and visual data to offer a more comprehensive view of beaked whales interactions with prey. In this research, we use passive acoustics to record beaked whale echolocation clicks to understand prey presence which offers insights into the whales' behavior, prey and environment. Optical tools are simultaneously used to determine how the species and size of beaked whale prey might vary seasonally with environmental conditions.

This project culminated in the creation of...

Lost at Sea: The Search for Lost Marine Bony Fishes

Tue, 8 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Marine biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate, yet extinctions in the ocean often go unnoticed due to data gaps and underexplored habitats. This capstone project, developed in partnership with Re:wild and the IUCN, contributes to global conservation efforts by identifying potentially lost species of marine bony fishes—species not recorded by visual, genetic, or photographic means in over a decade. Drawing from the 12,241 assessed species on the IUCN Red List, over 100 search terms were used to screen candidate species, followed by manual validation using GBIF records, museum holdings, and expert input. Nearly 800 species met the criteria for “lost,” forming the basis of a strategic rediscovery list. This report also highlights biases in detection and documentation, and explores the promise and limitations of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a non-invasive tool for species rediscovery. An upcoming expedition to the Galápagos will apply eDNA to search for Azurina eupalama, a damselfish...

Robots in the Field: Advancing Water Quality Analysis Through Autonoumous Technology

Tue, 8 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Buena Vista Lagoon, California’s first ecological reserve, is undergoing restoration to transition from freshwater to a hybrid saltwater system. Historically influenced by oceanic tides and freshwater inflows, the lagoon’s ecological balance was disrupted by the installation of a weir, leading to increased sedimentation, water stagnation, and vegetation overgrowth. As planning is underway, it is imperative that water quality and species distribution be monitored to track the success of the restoration. Traditional monitoring methods often face limitations in accessibility, frequency, and cost-effectiveness, highlighting the need for innovative technologies to enhance data collection and interpretation. Partnering with California Trout (CalTrout), this project analyzed available uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) that could be outfitted with multiparameter water quality sensors to assess the health of Buena Vista Lagoon during the restoration process. Because this lagoon has a restoration...

Electric Oceans: Impacts of EMFs on Marine Ecosystems

Tue, 3 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Energy is the fundamental currency of the universe, driving the mechanisms of natural and artificial systems alike. From the molecular bonds in our bodies to the colossal fusion reactions within stars, every process hinges on the availability and ability of energy transmission. The capacity to harness energy has allowed human civilization to develop in the way we knowand understand it today. From harnessing fire to the construction of aqueducts to the monumental leap of the Industrial Revolution. These innovations are the essence of humanity’s historicalstrides in developing our current societies.However, just as every currency transaction incurs fees, our quest for energy comes at a cost. Our fossil fuel-powered world, while spurring unprecedented growth has also introduced not a few environmental costs.As we seek more efficient and sustainable ways to harness energy, we must recognize and address the challenges these solutions bring, balancing innovation with environmental stewardshi...

CLARITY: A Call for Transparency in Marine Diamond Mining

Mon, 29 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This capstone project tells the untold story of marine diamond mining, tracing its origins from the shores of Namibia to the fjords of Greenland. Despite the stark differences between these two locales, they share striking similarities in diamond potential. In Namibia, marine diamond mining flourished prior to the country's independence and the establishment of international mining laws, setting a precedent for potential challenges in Greenland's current political landscape. Through in-depth research, stakeholder interviews, and media production, this project fosters an informed storyline for a full-length documentary film. The capstone deliverables encompass a film treatment, budget, film plan, concise trailer, and transcribed interviews, strategically crafted towards securing future support of the project. The outcome of such seeking to advocate for greater transparency in the diamond industry and policies that prioritize both economic development and environmental integrity....

Rebuilding Coral Reefs:Insights from Hawaii, Fiji, and Florida

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines coral reef management strategies using case studies from Maui, Fiji, and Florida. Through interviews and observations, the investigation explores community-driven initiatives and scientific efforts to conserve coral reefs. In Maui, holistic projects like Pacific Whale Foundation's Mauka to Makai program respond to environmental challenges. In Fiji, organizations like Coral Gardeners and Corals for Conservation employ tailored active restoration methods. Meanwhile, ongoing efforts in Florida underscore the urgency of addressing climate change. These findings emphasize the importance of global collaboration and proactive measures to ensure the resilience of coral reef ecosystems. Digital communication through photography and videography will reveal monitoring plans to combat the local stressors to coral reefs in each region.

Please see media created for this project here: bit.ly/3VJHdMJ ...

Sea Cucumber Aquaculture at Kaua’i Sea Farm

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, or IMTA, attempts to reduce or eliminate nutrient loading by introducing lower trophic organisms to consume waste matter. These organisms should be capable of consuming bottom detritus with dissolved and particulate organic matter such as feces and unconsumed feed from upper trophic species. The viability of sea cucumber integration into land-based aquaculture production facilities was investigated and discussed. The focus of the study was on the role of the sea cucumber as an ecosystem service. Consumption of nutrient-loaded waste is essential in reducing eutrophication and maintaining an ecological balance. I worked with Kauai Sea Farm’s (KSF) Dave Anderson (MAS MBC ’16), investigated and compiled the most recent findings in integrating sea cucumbers into their aquaculture farm at Nomilo Fishpond with a focus on sediment analysis and comparison of biomass of sea cucumbers used in this study.

The primary goal of this preliminary...

Methods and S.O.P.s for Quantifying the Unseen: eDNA Insights into the Enigmatic World of Sea Turtle Genetics

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

There is a growing need to understand sea turtle biology and distribution as changingoceanographic conditions may cause dramatic shifts over time. However, conservation efforts for highly migratory and elusive species such as green and leatherback sea turtles remains achallenge, especially in the marine environment, limiting research to nesting females while the remainder of their life cycle is largely hidden. (1) Green turtles forage in bays and estuaries in Southern California and have been found to originate from tropical nesting beaches in Mexico. (1) On top of logistical challenges, traditional genetic studies on these species often rely on tissuesamples, which can be invasive and stressful for turtles, costly, and labor-intensive (3).Environmental DNA (eDNA) eDNA offers a non-invasive alternative, potentially revolutionizing the field. This method involves collecting samples of water, sand, air, etc. and essentially extracting DNA straight from the environment rather than...

Beyond the Bite

Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The decline of certain shark populations poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Despite their potential for maintaining ocean health, sharks continue to be misunderstood and face numerous threats, such as overfishing and habitat degradation. Communicating the importance of shark conservation to the broader public is a challenging task. My Capstone project leverages storytelling, rather than solely presenting scientific data, to connect people to the world of shark conservation and the dedicated individuals working tirelessly to protect these vital creatures. Storytelling has the ability to evoke emotions, increase knowledge, and inspire action, serving as an essential tool for passing down wisdom across generations. By embracing storytelling, we can challenge misconceptions and foster a deeper understanding of sharks' ecological and economic significance.

My film, "Beyond the Bite," highlights the importance of shark conservation. It addresses...

Doing swell: a participatory tool formeasuring well-being in coastal island communities.

Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this tool is to create a method for understanding the community-level impacts of marine spatial planning through the lens of well-being. Well-being consists of three dimensions, material, relational, and subjective. Assigning measurable indicators to each produces a quantitative and holistic measurement of well-being. Here, household well-being is measured through an 11-question, subjective survey, complemented by an additional set of subjective resilience questions. The household well-being and resilience scores generated from the surveys are aggregated to produce community-level well-being and resilience scores. These scores are useful for guiding marine spatial planners, as they identify vulnerable communities, highlight differences in communities, and track changes in community well-being over time. The insights gained from these scores can inform adaptive management measures, help planners select optimal locations for marine spatial plans, and inform planners’...

Behavior-Centered Design for Sustainable Fisheries Management:Participatory Approaches to Supporting the Adoption of NewConservation Measures

Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Island communities, which rely on marine resources, are increasingly facing risks such as global climate change and overfishing, leading to lowered catch rates and biodiversity loss. This not only threatens ecosystems, but livelihoods as well; thus, sustainable ocean and fisheries management actions are critical in maintaining habitat integrity and increasing fish populations. Developing legal policy and restoring habitats are two important sustainability actions; however, these methods do not always ensure community buy-in or acceptance. A growing field in resource management involves the use of Behavior-Centered Design (BCD) and Community-Based Social Marketing (CBSM) to improve community involvement and adoption of management measures, working with communities to encourage behaviors that promote the sustainable use of ocean resources. BCD and CBSM combine how humans make decisions with steps to design programs to improve inclusion and collaboration, and enhance impact such...

Tides of Opportunity: An analysis of the blue economy and its application to U.S. National Marine Sanctuaries

Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The blue economy is an area of growing investment and evolution across industries, governments, and communities. The rising global population coupled with rapid development in technology and trade has spurred governments across the world to look to the ocean for new sources of economic growth. While the ocean has historically been seen as an endless source of protein and extractive resources, the impacts of climate change are revealing the fallacy of this long-held assumption. Ocean acidification, warmer temperatures, and rising sea levels are resulting in habitat and biodiversity loss, extreme weather patterns, and changes to fish stock compositions and migration patterns. As a result of these changes, it is increasingly important to ensure a sustainable coexistence between humans and marine ecosystems. By developing a blue economy that prioritizes not only economic growth, but also the health of the environment and the livelihoods of local communities, it is possible to build...

Giants of Baja California’s Coastal Lagoons: linking sustainable tourism to biodiversity and conservation

Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve is located in Baja California Sur, Mexico. This vast protected area is renowned for its biodiversity and ecological significance, particularly as a critical habitat for the Eastern subpopulation of the North Pacific Gray Whale. This project explores the perception and sustainability of the whale-watching industry in Guerrero Negro, and its role in conservation efforts. Through stakeholder interviews and analysis of management plans and specific research, the study examines the success of conservation strategies and the potential for increased tourism in the region. The end product, an informational StoryMap created using ArcGIS Pro, aims to promote ecotourism while fostering a deeper understanding of the importance of proper management and collaboration among stakeholders in preserving this unique marine environment. The project’s success will be measured by its ability to engage a wider audience and facilitate the connection between ecotourism...

Ocean Farm to Table: Strategic Communication and Culinary Approaches to Increasing Demand for Domestically Farmed Seaweeds

Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The global seaweed aquaculture industry is rapidly expanding due to the diversity of applications and sustainability benefits. Despite its global historical and cultural significance, seaweed remains underutilized in Western diets. This project investigates barriers to the culinary use of domestically-farmed seaweed in the United States, focusing on chefs' perceptions and knowledge gaps. Through collaboration with chefs and seaweed farms, the project developed educational resources and recipes to showcase the culinary versatility of eight seaweed species. The findings highlight challenges in seaweed accessibility and consumer acceptance, proposing targeted educational initiatives to enhance the domestic seaweed market and promote its culinary adoption.

Please see media created for this project here: https://tinyurl.com/5n88mk8n

Dive beyond the surface: Revealing the past and the future of coral reefs in southern Taiwan with large-area imaging technology

Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Coral reefs are facing unprecedented threats due to climate change and local stressors,necessitating a better understanding of their responses and resilience mechanisms regionally. This study examines the impacts of the 2020 mass bleaching event on coral reef dynamics in Kenting National Park, Taiwan, using large-area imaging (LAI) technology. Four sites were analyzed, revealing insights into coral abundance, planar area, size distribution, and survivalrates of two common coral taxa, corymbose Pocillopora and massive Porites. Whilerestricted in scope, our findings highlight the resilience and adaptability of coral species inthe face of environmental stressors. Despite limitations, our study underscores the importance of LAI data in providing detailed insights into coral reef demography and dynamics, serving as both a scientific analysis tool and a means of effective science communication. Further research is needed to fully understand underlying mechanisms and ensure the long-termsustainability...

Defenders of the Dragon: A Community Science Success Story

Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Despite the massive scale of the Great Southern Reef, which hugs the coastline from New South Wales to Western Australia, many residents are unaware of its existence. Even fewer residents understand the large amount of biodiversity found in this interconnected temperate system characterized by kelp forests and rocky reefs. Efforts to publicize the area and gain traction for funding and conservation are in their infancy. Conservation funding remains disproportionately low compared to the Great Southern Reef’s counterpart, the Great Barrier Reef. Visibility is a tool that can be used to generate greater awareness, and by extension, balance funding and protection for the Great Southern Reef. To raise awareness, this project uses science communication tools and engages with local communities across the Great Southern Reef. By utilizing illustrative storytelling through film, this project looks through SeadragonSearch, a specific community that has come together to protect the endemic...

A record of abundance of fish teeth and shark denticles during the Pleistocene

Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

As many marine species face dwindling populations due to the effects of climate change, it is vital to gain crucial information on what this means for the future of these organisms and their surrounding ecosystems. In order to gain insight to what ocean ecosystems might look like with shifting climate variability, we can look to the past. The goal of this project is to produce a two-million-year record of abundance of pelagic fish and sharks in the waters off Cape Town, South Africa. A Ichthyolith Accumulation Rate (IAR) was established to identify fish and shark production over the span of 2 million years. Results from this study show significant fluctuations of IAR, potentially contributing to the glacial-interglacial cycles that characterize the Pleistocene. When compared to complementary data, IAR data from this site is significantly higher compared to other subtropical regions. This increased IAR may be attributed to the behavior of the Agulhas Current that flows around...

Navigating the Genetic Sea: A Bioinformatic Analysis of eDNA for Fish Species Identification

Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become an important tool for marine biodiversity monitoring, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional sampling methods. This bioinformatic analysis of eDNA samples collected from 24 stations between the years 2014-2016, aims to compare eDNA sampling with more conventional fish larvae sampling methods in assessing teleost fish diversity within the California Current. Specifically, the project determines where there are overlapping findings between the eDNA and corresponding fish larvae samples from the same locations sampled at the same time. The project also analyzes potential correlations between certain environmental and physical variables and the eDNA samples. Due to a limited number of overall fish reads resulting from the eDNA samples, a PCR optimization experiment was also conducted as part of the project to test variables that may increase fish reads. Overall findings from the study demonstrate that a rigorous data analysis was...

Exploring the Biodiversity of California Seaweed Through Art-Science. An Illustrated Field Guide of Southern California Seaweeds.

Tue, 9 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This capstone project is a completed draft of an illustrated field guide of Southern California seaweeds. The purpose of this was to create a region-specific and user-friendly guide for readers to learn about local seaweeds. This was done by collecting life specimens and illustrating them by hand with watercolor. The illustrations were digitized and put into a draft, along with supporting information about each species. The completed draft will be prepared and submitted for publication in print.

In a Pinch: Capitalizing on the Caribbean King Crab as a Restoration Tool in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Mon, 8 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The National Marine Sanctuary Foundation (the Foundation) is developing a new Blue Economy program and associated strategy to help envision and provide sustainable revenue generation for the benefit of Sanctuary conservation work across our nation’s 15+ Sanctuaries. This Blue Economy Strategy will be first applied within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in support of its Mission: Iconic Reefs restoration initiative, by building critical revenue-generating initiatives that also support restoration work. Within this first overarching Florida Keys application, work will center around the native Caribbean king crab and its potential to become a novel fishery alongside its primary purpose as a coral reef restoration species. This project will contribute to the Florida Keys application of the Foundation’s Blue Economy Strategy by providing critically necessary background market analysis research for a viability study of the Caribbean king crab (CKC) fishery within...

Beneath the Surface: Uncovering Climate Change in Tobasco

Mon, 8 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate adaptation plans are an effective way to manage a marine ecosystem and support climate change research. However, in developing nations that have to deal with the impacts of climate change, there is little follow-up and no measures on whether these climate adaptation plans are implemented effectively and yield the desired results. This report contains a detailed analysis of a climate adaptation plan implemented in Tabasco, Mexico, that sought to decrease vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. This report consists of a background on the climate adaptation plan in Tabasco and a comprehensive, step-by-step comparison of this plan to the the UNFCCC framework for adaptation. Lastly, this report is complete with two case studies in Tabasco and policy recommendations for improved climate adaptation plans and government involvement in climate policy. The purpose of this report is to determine that despite the completion status of the climate adaptation plan, the goals...

Heritage at Risk: Assessing Climate Vulnerability in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Thu, 13 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change poses a threat not only to the environmental and physical aspects of the places where people live, but also to their identities and ways of living, as well as those of the communities around them. Conducted as part of the requirements of the Master of Advanced Studies in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), this capstone project consists of a climate vulnerability assessment of the La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site World Heritage Site in Puerto Rico, based on a literature review of existing scientific data. Its purpose is to inform a broader effort led by SIO’s Human Ecology Lab, which will complement this top-down approach with a bottom-up assessment of climate change threats to the area based on the perspectives of local stakeholders. This project includes two products: the full climate vulnerability assessment presented below and an online summary of its main findings with interactive maps, which...

Climate Stories from Generations of Changemakers

Thu, 13 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The impact of human-induced climate change poses a significant danger to both the natural environment and societies worldwide. Despite being widely acknowledged, the situation persists and continues to deteriorate. Communicating this issue beyond the scientific community is a complex and difficult endeavor. Climate change is unfolding on a time scale that is difficult for humans to grasp and comprehend. My Capstone project is an example of using storytelling, rather than scientific results, to create a bridge that connects people to the world of climate change science and those who dedicate themselves to its pursuit. Storytelling has the power to invoke emotions, increase knowledge, and inspire action. It serves as a vital method of passing down wisdom from one generation to the next. By embracing storytelling across generations, we can preserve a baseline of what is considered normal and prevent it from shifting. My short film, "Climate Stories From Generations of Changemakers”,...

The Disappearing Art of Yola Fishing: Challenges of an Artisanal Fishing Community in Aguadilla,Puerto Rico