Recent ucd items

Design and Laboratory Testing of Enclosures to Support Conservation of an Endangered Estuarine Fish

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The release of hatchery-reared fish into the natural environment for conservation purposes may have unintended consequences for wild fish populations and the larger ecosystem. In situ enclosures are a tool that can be used to study cultured fish under natural conditions to help mitigate these risks or to acclimate fish to the surrounding environment during soft release. Despite widespread utility, few resources provide direction on material choice and enclosure design to conserve non-commercial and imperiled fish species that may have unique physiology and needs. Here, we designed, created, and tested an enclosure for the endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), an osmerid native to the San Francisco Estuary (estuary). We first performed hydraulic modeling and evaluated permeability to prey items by measuring energy dissipation and flow deflection of candidate screen materials in a flume. The final enclosure design was a cylinder made out of stainless-steel wire mesh,...

Tidal Influence on Environmental DNA Detections for Delta Smelt

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Current ecological conditions in the San Francisco Estuary are considered inhospitable to many native estuarine species, and have placed the endemic Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) at serious risk. Programmatic monitoring regimes conducted by government agencies are insufficient for associating Delta Smelt occurrence with relevant habitat attributes, which limits inference about the relationships between putative habitat, restoration activities, and population response. Indirect observation of macro-organisms via detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) has proved a compelling alternative monitoring approach, particularly for rare and/or protected species. Yet, factors that influence eDNA detection in estuarine habitats remain poorly characterized, which hinders refinement of sampling methods. This study employed a fixed sampling array to explore how tidal phases affect the detection of Delta Smelt eDNA. Our primary objective was to estimate the effects of covariate metrics...

Differences Among Runs of Chinook Salmon in Routing Probability at the Georgiana Slough-Sacramento River Junction

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) depends on the specific migration route they take through the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Factors such as flow magnitude, flow direction, and distribution of fish across the channel significantly affect the likelihood of their entering routes with lower survival probabilities. Management strategies to mitigate the entry of endangered winter-run and threatened spring-run Chinook Salmon into the interior Delta—particularly through Georgiana Slough—involve flow regulation and the installation of a bioacoustic fish fence. Monitoring the effectiveness of these measures has primarily relied on acoustically-tagged, juvenile, hatchery-reared, late-fall-run Chinook Salmon, which are easier to obtain and can accommodate larger tags compared to other runs. Previous studies explored how flow dynamics affect routing probabilities of late-fall-run Chinook Salmon, but there is a lack of understanding about how routing...

Assessment of Chinook Salmon Smolt Survival at Offsite Release Locations in the Sacramento River Across Wet and Dry Years

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

We used acoustic telemetry to estimate survival of tagged release groups, and quantify differences between alternative hatchery release strategies. To assess whether offsite release could increase survival of hatchery fish relative to those released at the hatchery, we compare survival during emigration of hatchery fall Chinook Salmon (FCS, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts released onsite, at Coleman National Fish Hatchery (NFH), to those released at alternative offsite locations downstream in the upper Sacramento River, California. Approximately 300 fish in each release group were implanted with acoustic tags in the 3-year study during 2019, 2021, and 2022. Environmental conditions in the emigration corridor varied between study years, with extended high flows in 2019, whereas drought conditions and a flat hydrograph occurred in 2021 and 2022. Survival across years appeared to reflect environmental conditions, with higher overall survival seen in 2019. Survival differences...

Thirty Years of Changes in How We Understand and Steward California’s Grasslands

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The California Native Grassland Association’s (CNGA’s) leadership in the restoration of California grasslands has extended far beyond incorporating the latest science into restoration techniques, it’s also pushed the frontiers of research—forging new directions and recruiting and collaborating with researchers to explore novel ways of understanding these grasslands, addressing critical knowledge gaps in our stewardship. This is a short review of some of the major changes in our understanding of California’s grasslands in the last 30 years.

Modulation of Systemic Osmolarity Alters Retinal Thickness and Schisis Cavities Without Blood Retinal Barrier Disruption in Rs1 Knockout Mice.

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether systemic osmolarity modulation through dehydration or hydration alters retinal thickness and schisis cavity area in Rs1 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls, and whether such changes occur without disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB).

Methods

Postnatal day 30 Rs1 KO and WT mice underwent dehydration (dry anesthesia) or hydration (intraperitoneal injection of distilled water, 40 mL/kg) during in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Retinal thickness and schisis cavity area were quantified from serial OCT B-scans. BRB integrity was evaluated using fluorescein angiography (FA) and immunostaining of retinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) junctional markers.

Results

Dehydration significantly reduced retinal thickness and schisis cavity area in Rs1 KO mice, with changes of greater magnitude than those observed in WT controls. Hydration increased retinal thickness...

How establishing a marine protected area network has shaped community and citizen science along California's coast

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

How establishing a marine protected area network has shaped community and citizen science along California's coast

Persistent Genetic Identification of Maternal Mitochondrial Lineage in Formalin Fixed Larval Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) with Species-Specific qPCR

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Although formalin is commonly used as a preserving reagent for tissue specimens, the fixation process itself damages DNA, which can be detrimental to most downstream genetic analyses. It may still be possible to confirm species identification from archived specimens by targeting short, species-specific genic regions. In this study we genetically verified maternal mitochondrial lineage from 150 hatchery larval Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) that were preserved in 10% neutral, buffered formalin and Rose Bengal at room temperature (20–22 °C) for 611 days, 732 days, and 928 days. We targeted a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay designed to specifically amplify Delta Smelt environmental DNA (eDNA). Because mitochondrial genetic markers used for species identification are generally maternally inherited, detecting hybridization is not possible using species-specific mitochondrial markers if among-species hybrids are...

An Anthology of Urban Habits

Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

How do bodies and cities shape each other through habit? An Anthology of Urban Habits -- a special issue of Streetnotes edited by Jorge de La Barre, Blagovesta Momchedjikova, and Jo Novelli-Blasko -- attempts to investigate that by showcasing 133 repeated activities and behaviors occurring in cities around the world: Antofagasta, Athens, Lisbon, London, New York City, Phoenix, Rio de Janeiro, Sofia, Tbilisi, and Tokyo. Organized alphabetically and contributed by 91 authors, the urban habits appear in ethnographic studies, documentary practices, academic research, poetry, photography, and original artwork. The volume includes the original Call for Papers for An Anthology of Urban Habits (see Appendix A), The Survey of Urban Habits (see Appendix B), which was developed with The Habitorium, and the resulting Report on the Survey of Urban Habits (see Appendix C).

In Memory of James E. Cloern

Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

We are saddened to share that Dr. James E. Cloern, a proud US Geological Survey scientist of 49 years, passed away on November 3, 2025. The death of a friend is always difficult to reconcile. How does a field of science compensate when that friend is a towering figure whose global impact on science was only matched by his contributions to the careers and lives of others? The value of Jim Cloern’s contributions to international freshwater, estuarine, and coastal ecology can be measured by his many important contributions and awards. His impact on Bay–Delta governance is evidenced by the aspects of water and ecosystem policy that reflect his influence and collaborations. The degree of respect and friendship felt by a global legion of friends, colleagues and those he mentored is beyond measure.

CPO2Hill: An Efficient Parametrisation to Infer Anisotropic Viscous Behaviour Directly from Olivine Texture Parameters

Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Anisotropic viscosity is likely prevalent within the upper mantle, but is usually disregarded in geodynamics models. On a crystal scale, olivine’s intrinsic properties are such that dislocation creep occurs over an order of magnitude more easily along olivine’s [100] symmetry axis than along its [001] axis. However, deforming olivine aggregates generate crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) with their own macroscopically effective anisotropic viscosities that have proven difficult to estimate from the microscopic anisotropies of individual olivine crystals. Here we present a simple method to derive anisotropic viscosity parameters directly from the CPO mean orientation tensors. To calibrate the method, we created a large database of textures likely to occur in geodynamic simulations. We tested our method within numerical simulations of simple shear with both constant and varying shear directions. Finally, we integrated our method into the geodynamic code ASPECT, where...

The Contribution of Managed Floodplains to the Recovery of Salmon in California: Challenges and Opportunities

Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Managing river–floodplain connectivity can be driven by environmental restoration and/or flood-risk objectives, and science programs are essential for informing projects and policies that promote both objectives. California’s Central Valley floodplains have been highly altered as the result of flow regulation, channelization, and levee construction. Much of the remaining floodplain-like habitats are within flood bypasses that are used to manage flood risk. In recent decades, the habitat value of these bypasses for native fishes has received increased attention, and in 2021 a symposium was held to share the results of over 20 years of scientific studies conducted on Central Valley floodplains and flood bypasses. The symposium sought to foster a shared understanding among scientists and managers about the current information on flood bypasses, and the remaining challenges that must be overcome to maximize benefits to native fish while managing trade-offs. This paper summarizes...

Wdfy3-dependent autophagy impairment recapitulates presymptomatic neurodegenerative signatures in mice.

Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

WDFY3/ALFY is an adaptor protein involved in selective autophagy. Loss of Wdfy3 in mice causes severe deficits in neuronal health, and pathogenic mutations in WDFY3 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. As impaired autophagy is increasingly implicated in Parkinsons disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated whether Wdfy3 haploinsufficiency produces early molecular and cellular signatures of neurodegeneration in Wdfy3^+/lacZ mice, given that these diseases often exhibit presymptomatic alterations preceding overt clinical manifestations. Cortical tissue from 3-month-old presymptomatic mice showed significant proteomic overlap with both patient-derived PD cell lines and human brain proteomic datasets, particularly from the substantia nigra, underscoring the translational relevance of this model. Consistent with disease progression, immunofluorescence analyses of the cortex and substantia nigra from 14-month-old mice revealed...

Majority Mobility - Issue 3

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Majority Mobility - Issue 3

The Long-term Impacts of the Pandemic on Ridehailing Use Could Have Negative Environmental Impacts

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Ridehailing services (such as those offered by Uber and Lyft) can contribute to increases in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by attracting demand from more sustainable modes, encouraging additional travel, and driving while not serving passengers . Pooled ridehailing services (i.e., ridehailing services that offer discounted fares in exchange for the potential to be matched with other customers traveling to similar destinations) have been identified as a means of addressing the negative impacts of ridehailing services. However, the impact of pooled ridehailing is heavily influenced by the uptake of these services. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic substantially influenced travel mode preferences, resulting in an increased preference for individual modes (e.g., private vehicles and active modes) and a reduced preference for shared modes (e.g., public transit and ridehailing)3 . Given the disruptive impacts of the pandemic on travel mode preferences, and the negative impacts of ridehailing...

Compound Mesoscale Convective Systems and Low‐Pressure Systems in Tropical Monsoon Regions: Assessing Their Meteorology and Precipitation

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract Mesoscale convective systems (MCS) and low‐pressure systems (LPS) are both strongly associated with precipitation across the regions where they occur, particularly within global monsoon systems; however, their co‐occurrence and its relationship to precipitation have not been systematically examined. Here, we use LPS and MCS trackers to detect compound MCS and LPS events in five monsoon regions and assess the association of this co‐occurrence with anomalies of winds, precipitation, and other atmospheric variables. Additionally, we investigate the spatial distribution of precipitating MCS and LPS events. Our results show that most (∼60%) MCS and LPS co‐occurrences are located in the lower latitudes, where they contribute up to 40% of annual precipitation. We find that compound events generally produce more extreme precipitation than MCS‐only or LPS‐only events. Furthermore, our assessment of the synoptic and mesoscale composites reveals that the underlying dynamics of compound...

Chemistry of Sugar Formation in the Gas Phase: Following the Activated Aldehyde

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Sugars are produced by living organisms, and are required building blocks for life as we know it, which raises the foundational question of how sugars formed in a prebiotic environment. The abiotic formose reaction produces sugars from formaldehyde, but our understanding of its initiation step remains murky, with chemists invoking the concept of an "activated aldehyde" to seed this reaction. Singlet hydroxycarbenes, high-energy isomers of aldehydes, were recently reported to facilitate sugar formation under cold, nonaqueous conditions relevant to interstellar environments. We generate singlet methylhydroxycarbene (¹CH₃-C̈-OH) from the photodissociation of pyruvic acid and experimentally measure its gas-phase reaction with d₄-acetaldehyde using multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry. The C₄H₄D₄O₂ isomer d₄-acetoin is the sole product, which we kinetically link to the reactant...

RAP and RAS in HMA Pilot Project on SJ 26: Material Testing, Observations, and Findings

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A pilot project for the inclusion of high percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in hot mix asphalt (HMA) was built on State Route 26 in San Joaquin County in September 2022. Six mixes were included in short test sections: (1) a control mix with no RAS or RAP, (2) a mix with 25% RAP and recycling agent (RA) (3) a mix with 30% RAP and RA, (4) a mix with 35% RAP and RA, (5) a mix with 40% RAP and RA, and (6) a mix with 25% RAP, 3% RAS, and RA. A seventh mix, which was a typically used mix with 12% RAP and no RA, was used for construction of the rest of the overall project. This technical memorandum presents the laboratory test results from plant mix produced for job mix formula verification and from one or two quality assurance (QA) samples, depending on the test, taken during test section construction, as well as observations of plant production and construction. None of the mixes passed the Delta Tc specification, which is not uncommon...

The Chemistry of Carbenes: New Insights from the Gas Phase

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This review describes insights obtained from recent studies of unimolecular and bimolecular reactions of small carbenes in the gas phase and cryogenic environments. Following a description of what determines the singlet-triplet splitting in carbenes, we discuss the challenges involved in producing carbenes in concentrations sufficient for studying their reactions. We document the methods developed for their preparation and the array of spectroscopic techniques available for their characterization. The review emphasizes recent progress in studies of hydroxycarbenes and small alkyl carbenes that easily isomerize to more stable isomers. The studies of unimolecular reactions of hydroxycarbenes show how quantum mechanical tunneling determines their lifetimes. A new carbonyl-ene mechanism has been demonstrated in the biomolecular reactions of hydroxymethylene and methylhydroxycarbenes. We evaluate the impact of these new results on chemical processes relevant to atmospheric, planetary,...

Celebrating 25 Years of Scientific Discoveries in Physical Chemistry Supported by the ACS Petroleum Research Fund

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Celebrating 25 Years of Scientific Discoveries in Physical Chemistry Supported by the ACS Petroleum Research Fund

Transient Pulse-Response Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Complex, Deactivating Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems: Application to Ethane Dehydroaromatization

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study of complex, multistep bond-forming and -breaking reactions in heterogeneous catalytic systems often encounters challenges associated with the involvement of large numbers of intermediates among branching pathways. Kinetic information obtained from traditional steady-state measurements can be complemented with that from time-resolved methods to uncover details of the underlying chemistry. Herein, we describe an approach for tracking the complete time-resolved chemical composition (ca. 4–200 u) of a reactor effluent in response to a reactant pulse. We use a six-port rotary valve with a metered sampling loop to pulse reactants at ambient pressure into a flow reactor packed with a catalyst bed within the isothermal region of a heated furnace. The temporal evolution of effluent species is tracked using time-resolved molecular-beam time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We highlight the possibilities that this method has to offer by studying the complex bifunctional mechanism of...

High-Resolution Time-Resolved PEPICO with Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Recently we presented a new time-resolved, double-imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (i²PEPICO) spectrometer for the study of chemical reactions using fixed frequency, single-photon vacuum ultraviolet ionization. Here we describe new capabilities and insights from this instrument when coupled with tunable ionizing radiation. We interrogate the gas expansion dynamics of a side-sampled chemical reactor tube, revealing clear evidence for viscous flow in the expansion before ionization. Cation imaging can be used to restrict detected signal to only the direct molecular beam, removing contributions from background and reflected gases. We characterize the peak shape and mass resolution of the instrument, provide new insight and clarification regarding collection efficiencies, and consider the noise sources and resulting signal-to-noise in PEPICO experiments. We quantify the temporal instrument response function and show that velocity map imaging of cations...

Fluoroform (CHF3) Production from CF3CHO Photolysis and Implications for the Decomposition of Hydrofluoroolefins and Hydrochlorofluoroolefins in the Atmosphere

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs) are the leading synthetic replacements for compounds successively banned by the Montreal Protocol and amendments. HFOs and HCFOs readily decompose in the atmosphere to form fluorinated carbonyls, including CF₃CHO in yields of up to 100%, which are then photolyzed. A long-standing issue, critical for the transition to safe industrial gases, is whether atmospheric decomposition of CF₃CHO yields any quantity of CHF₃ (HFC-23), which is one of the most environmentally hazardous greenhouse gases. This comprehensive experimental investigation employs purpose-built photoionization mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared, and microwave spectroscopy techniques and confirms production of CHF₃ following excitation at a tropospherically relevant wavelength (λ = 308 nm) and under atmospheric pressure conditions. Pressure-dependent CHF₃ quantum (Φ) and molar (Y)...

“Remember: Writing is a slow process”

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract: Study abroad (SA) scholars have called for greater investigation of writing development during SA and, particularly, for research on curricular features that afford the writing growth of students including Spanish heritage language learners (SHLLs). Responding to this gap, the present study documented the Spanish writing pedagogies employed by an island program in Madrid, Spain that served 13 U.S. university students, including six SHLLs, in spring 2023. Through inductive, qualitative analysis of interviews, field notes, and program artifacts, the study described stakeholders’ evaluations of the strengths and limitations of writing pedagogies. Students and instructors emphasized the value of process-based composition assignments with low-stakes writing components; portfolio assessment; and timely instructor written corrective feedback. SHLLs particularly valued writing by hand as a way to address their perceived...

Challenges in Automatic Speech Recognition for Adults with Cognitive Impairment

Tue, 9 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Millions of people live with cognitive impairment from Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Voice-enabled smart home systems offer promise for supporting daily living but rely on automatic speech recognition (ASR) to transcribe their speech to text. Prior work has shown reduced ASR performance for adults with cognitive impairment; however, the acoustic factors underlying these disparities remain poorly understood. This paper evaluates ASR performance for 83 older adults across cognitive groups (cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, dementia) reading commands to a voice assistant (Amazon Alexa). Results show that ASR errors are significantly higher for individuals with dementia, revealing a critical usability gap. To better understand these disparities, we conducted an acoustic analysis of speech features and found that a speaker’s intensity, voice quality, and pause ratio predicted ASR accuracy. Based on these findings, we outline HCI design implications...

Using Reports of Symptoms and Diagnoses on Social Media to Predict COVID-19 Case Counts in Mainland China: Observational Infoveillance Study.

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. This disease poses an extraordinary challenge for public health systems because screening and surveillance capacity is often severely limited, especially during the beginning of the outbreak; this can fuel the outbreak, as many patients can unknowingly infect other people.

Objective

The aim of this study was to collect and analyze posts related to COVID-19 on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media site in China. To our knowledge, this infoveillance study employs the largest, most comprehensive, and most fine-grained social media data to date to predict COVID-19 case counts in mainland China.

Methods

We built a Weibo user pool of 250 million people, approximately half the entire monthly active Weibo user population. Using a comprehensive list of 167 keywords, we retrieved and analyzed around 15 million COVID-19-related posts from our user pool from...

Table of Contents: An Anthology of Urban Habits, Streetnotes 31.

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

List of contributions in An Anthology of Urban Habits.

Appendix B: Survey of Urban Habits

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This survey, developed by Jo Novelli-Blasko at The Habitorium, in collaboration with Blagovesta Momchedjikova and Jorge de La Barre, records urban habits. It was used to gather contributions to An Anthology of Urban Habits.

Appendix A: Call for Papers: Urban Habits, Streetnotes 31.

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This is the Call for Papers that was issued by the editors seeking contributions to "An Anthology of Urban Habits", Streetnotes 31.

Performance Evaluation of Recycled and Virgin Fibers in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Pavement Applications—Laboratory Test Results

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates the performance of recycled and virgin fibers in fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), with a focus on workability, concrete production, and mechanical properties. Fibers were directly sourced from manufacturers and used at dosages recommended by manufacturers and supported by the literature. All fibers improved the modulus of rupture of plain (control) concrete. The fibers investigated included plastic, steel, composite, glass, and basalt fibers. Across most fiber types—regardless of whether they were virgin or recycled—FRC demonstrated improved post-cracking load-carrying capacity, resulting in enhanced residual strength and ductility. Plastic fibers exhibited the best post-cracking performance, with high residual strength, toughness, and effective flexural strength ratios, though they reduced workability. Recycled plastic fibers performed comparably to virgin plastic fibers in terms of post-cracking behavior. Steel fibers had minimal impact on workability and...

Comparative Assessment of Zero-Emission Technologies for Heavy-Duty Freight: Battery Fast Charging, Battery Swapping, Catenary Electric Road, Inductive Electric Road, Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Internal Combustion, and On-Board CO₂ Capture

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This report presents a comparative assessment of seven zero-emission vehicle and near-zero-emission pathways for heavy-duty freight applications: battery fast charging, battery swapping, catenary electric road systems, inductive electric road systems, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles (H₂ICEVs), and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles equipped with carbon capture and storage (ICEV-CCS). To enable a consistent system-level comparison, we develop a unified techno-economic modeling framework, SHIFT (Systemic Heavy-duty Infrastructure Framework for Transition), which quantifies and contrasts these pathways across multiple key performance indicators, including fuel cost, energy efficiency, levelized system cost, and levelized cost of transport, using a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation framework with bounded techno-economic parameter sampling. The simulations incorporate variations in fleet size, electricity...

Unprecedented Shifts in Hydrology Are Emerging Across California's Critical Basins: An Evaluation From 0.5 to 3.5°C

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract With advances in climate models and downscaling techniques, stakeholders anticipate high‐resolution analysis to inform regional to local changes in water management. Here, we produce hydrologic projections from an ensemble of Earth System Models (ESMs) that were selected and downscaled to support California's 5th Climate Assessment. An ensemble of 19 ESMs was downscaled to a 3‐km resolution across California using a statistical‐dynamical downscaling approach and subsequently run through two calibrated hydrology models. Although California has been extensively studied in the context of climate change, we provide the first evaluation of the warming thresholds at which hydroclimate metrics demonstrate statistically significant shifts. We show that present‐day to near‐term warming levels in Klamath and Northern Sierra Nevada basins, which serve as a critical source of water for California, show statistically significant decreases in snowfall and peak snowpack and associated...

Appendix C: Report on the Survey of Urban Habits

Mon, 8 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Report on the Survey of Urban Habits entails responses gathered through September 13, 2024. It includes several drawings by respondents, and graphic illustrations of the collected data.

Author Correction: A roadmap for equitable reuse of public microbiome data

Fri, 5 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Correction to: Nature Microbiologyhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-025-02116-2, published online 26 September 2025. In the version of this article initially published, in the first paragraph of the “Survey on data reuse” section, a note on participant consent, confidentiality and institutional review was missing and has now been inserted in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Description of soft tissue artifacts and related consequences on hindlimb kinematics during canine gait.

Fri, 5 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background

Soft tissue artifacts (STAs) are a source of error in marker-based gait analysis in dogs. While some studies have revealed the existence of STAs in the canine hindlimb, STAs and their influence on kinematic gait analysis remain unclear.

Methods

Thirteen healthy Taiwan dogs affixed with twenty skin markers on the thigh and crus were recruited. Soft tissue artifacts and their influence on the determination of segment poses and stifle angles were assessed by simultaneously measuring marker trajectories and kinematics of the underlying bones via a model-based fluoroscopic analysis method.

Results

Markers on the thigh showed higher STAs than those on the crus, with root-mean-square amplitudes up to 15.5 mm. None of the tested marker clusters were able to accurately reproduce the skeletal poses, in which the maximum root-mean-square deviations ranged from 3.4° to 8.1°. The use of markers resulted in overestimated stifle flexion during 40-60% of the gait...

Pregnancy Test Use and Timing of Pregnancy Detection in a Prospective Cohort of Pregnancy Planners

Fri, 5 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Pregnancy Test Use and Timing of Pregnancy Detection in a Prospective Cohort of Pregnancy Planners

Pulmonary Embolism