Recent ucd items

Pushed to the edges? Electivity patterns of urban stream homeless encampments in environmentally burdened areas

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Urban stream corridors in the San Francisco Bay Area have increasingly become locations for homeless encampments, yet little is known about the environmental conditions of these spaces. This study uses a geospatial electivity index to examine whether urban stream encampments in Santa Clara and Contra Costa counties are disproportionately located in census tracts with high pollution burdens, as measured by CalEnviroScreen 4.0. Findings show a statistically significant overrepresentation of encampments in census tracts in the top 25% of pollution and vulnerability scores, and a significant underrepresentation in lower-pollution areas. These results suggest that homeless individuals are being pushed toward environmentally hazardous areas, likely due to enforcement pressures, lack of viable alternatives, and land use patterns that concentrate polluting infrastructure and activities in low-resource areas. The findings have implications for environmental justice, public health, and...

Designed adaptation: A multidisciplinary framework for urbanized river-landform design and communication

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Urbanized riverscapes are vulnerable to changing flow and sediment regimes with consequences including increased flooding and habitat degradation. The conventional engineering solution in this situation involves gray infrastructure, including concrete-lined trapezoidal channels and flood-prevention structures, retention and detention ponds, and closed subsurface piped systems. Gray infrastructure is failing to mitigate flooding under changing climate conditions, particularly in coastal regions impacted by rising sea levels, and it is well understood to eliminate essential, natural ecosystem functions and services. This study presents a multidisciplinary design framework to support adaptive riverscape planning with additional and complementary modeling applications. It integrates synthetic 3D rivers and real-world topographic data for design development, testing and selection, refinement, and presentation to yield project-specific alternatives to gray infrastructure while enhancing...

Linguistic typology and learning biases: A study of syllable-copy reduplication across modalities

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Do the typological patterns of reduplication reflect underlying learning biases in perception and production? In morphological reduplication, reduplicants are rarely defined in terms of the syllable structure of the base, instead doubling a segmental melody. Using an artificial grammar learning paradigm with written stimuli, Haugen et al. (2022) reported a learning bias in line with the typological facts: a bias against syllable-copy reduplication. Here, we extend the methods of Haugen et al. (2022) to six new experiments, investigating whether their original findings replicate with novel sets of carefully controlled written stimuli, recorded auditory stimuli, and both perception and production tasks. Across all experiments, we included 545 native speakers of Italian, a language that has no morphological reduplication. In each experiment, participants were randomly assigned to a typologically rare syllable-copy condition...

Bridging natural and artificial: Stream reach classification for mixed watersheds

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Heavily managed urban streams, agricultural drainages, and least modified natural streams are rarely analyzed within a single framework, even though modern landscapes include a mix of them. Urbanization, agriculture, deforestation, mining, and other intensive land uses have dramatically altered fluvial systems. Most existing stream classification frameworks were developed for natural streams and rely only on natural geomorphic attributes. The few that address artificial streams focus exclusively on engineered (artificial) characteristics and usually address only a single land-use setting. As a result, these frameworks do not capture the full diversity of stream conditions found in mixed land-use watersheds that are influenced by both natural processes and human interventions. Recognizing this problem, our study proposes a joint geomorphic classification framework that collects and analyzes field data that captures both engineering and geomorphic attributes of streams in mixed...

Moving Beyond the Colors: The Full Life-Cycle Emissions of Hydrogen Production Pathways for California

Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

There is growing interest in the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel but the environmental benefits of using hydrogen depend critically on how it is produced and distributed. Leading alternatives to using fossil natural gas to make hydrogen through the conventional method of steam methane reforming include using electrolyzers to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the use of biogas as an alternative feedstock to fossil natural gas. This report examines the latest carbon intensity (CI) estimates for these and various other hydrogen production processes, adding important nuances to the general “colors of hydrogen” scheme that has been used in recent years. CI values for hydrogen production can vary widely both within and across hydrogen production pathways. The lowest CI pathways use biomass or biogas as a feedstock, and solar or wind power. The report also analyses jobs creation from new hydrogen production facilities and shows that these benefits can be significant...

Review of Particle Physics*

Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Most of the 118 reviews are updated, including many that are heavily revised. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 96 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address...

Medication Abortion and Miscarriage Management in Sacramento's Unhoused Community:Assessing Confidence in Support Kits

Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Medication Abortion and Miscarriage Management in Sacramento's Unhoused Community:Assessing Confidence in Support Kits

Emotion Beliefs and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese American and Mexican American Parents in Low-Income Immigrant Families

Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: The present study compared two types of emotion beliefs-emotion malleability (can control beliefs) and emotion control (should control beliefs)-in low-income Chinese American (CA; N=222) and Mexican American (MA; N=91) immigrant parents and examined their relations with depressive symptoms. Method: 313 CA and MA immigrant parents (M_age =40.09 years, 183 mothers 130 fathers) completed validated measures assessing can control beliefs, should control beliefs, depressive symptoms, and socio-demographic variables. Results: No significant differences were detected between CA and MA parents in can control and should control beliefs. Several socio-demographic variables predicted can control and should control beliefs. Can control beliefs were associated with lower depressive (β = -0.28, p < 0.001), while should control beliefs were associated with higher depressive symptoms...

Diversity-driven biochemical survey reveals widespread dimerization throughout the rubisco superfamily

Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Rubisco is the entry point of nearly all organic carbon into the biosphere and is present in all domains of life. Despite its global importance, biochemical studies of this enzyme superfamily have been limited to a relatively narrow set of subclades. Recent advances in metagenomics have dramatically reshaped our understanding of both microbial and rubisco diversity; however, biochemical characterization of these sequences has not kept pace with the exponential growth in sequence data. To better survey the functional and structural diversity of rubisco, we systematically sample and synthesize a library of diverse rubisco sequences with an emphasis on clades that are sparsely represented in the biochemical literature. Our updated phylogenetic analysis reveals that many deep‑branching rubiscos assemble as dimers, supporting a dimeric origin for the superfamily — in contrast to the ecologically dominant hexadecameric form I. Additionally, we discover and structurally characterize...

Charge-switching ionizable lipids lower the toxicity of lipid nanoparticles

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have great potential as nucleic acid delivery vehicles; however, they trigger the production of inflammatory cytokines, which limits their medical applications. Developing non-inflammatory LNPs is challenging because the LNP’s ionizable lipid and the process of endosomal disruption are the major sources of LNP toxicity but are also essential for delivering nucleic acids. Here we demonstrate that ionizable lipids containing a carboxylic acid and an amine (termed S-lipid) switch their charged state between the pHs of 7.4 and 4.0, allowing them to generate LNPs (termed switchable nanoparticles) that efficiently encapsulate nucleic acid and trigger endosomal release without activation of the TLR4, complement, galectin-8 and platelet activating factor signalling pathways. Finally, we demonstrate that switchable nanoparticles are better at treating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury than traditional LNPs because they do not exacerbate pre-existing...

Sleep homeostasis in OSA: a complementary neurophysiological outcome measure

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Sleep homeostasis in OSA: a complementary neurophysiological outcome measure

Binary Rare‐Earth Silicate Glasses Near Deep Eutectic: The Case for Sc2O3–SiO2 System

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT Homogeneous glass formation in binary rare‐earth silicate systems has thus far been precluded due to the presence of extensive liquid–liquid immiscibility and a strong tendency of these liquids toward crystallization. In this study, we demonstrate homogeneous glass formation in the Sc 2 O 3 –SiO 2 binary system within a narrow compositional window (37–39 mol% Sc 2 O 3 ) near a deep eutectic between the compounds Sc 2 Si 2 O 7 and Sc 2 SiO 5 , using containerless laser melting under aerodynamic levitation. The atomic structure of these unusual glasses is investigated using multinuclear ( 29 Si, 45 Sc, 17 O) solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy. The spectroscopic results, when taken together, provide a comprehensive picture of the structure of these glasses characterized by pyrosilicate [Si 2 O 7 ] 6− anionic units interconnected by Sc cations in ScO 6 coordination polyhedra, via Si–O–Sc linkages. A significant fraction (∼6%) of the...

University of California Health Humanities Review 2026

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

What sustains us—our bodies, our communities, our sense of who we are? In this inaugural volume of the University of California Health Humanities Review, writers, artists, scholars, clinicians, and students from across the University of California explore Sustenance in its many forms. Through essays, poetry, art, and creative nonfiction, contributors consider nourishment not simply as food, but as memory, language, caregiving, community, resilience, and human connection. Together, these works illuminate the cultural, historical, social, and ecological dimensions of health, while engaging urgent questions of justice, identity, migration, technology, and healing. Bringing creative expression into conversation with critical inquiry, this volume invites readers to consider what enables individuals and communities not only to survive, but to flourish.

Carbon Depletion of Ices by Diamond Precipitation in Sub-Neptune Exoplanets

Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Hydrocarbons are observed on the surfaces of many icy moons and planets. At high-pressure high-temperature conditions, such as occur in larger planets, they are known to dissociate to form diamond and hydrogen. Within our solar system Uranus and Neptune easily reach the requisite 10 GPa and 2000 K for this process, while icy moons do not. Densities indicative of icy compositions are commonly observed for exoplanets, many of which have radii intermediate between the local icy moons and icy planets. These so-called 'mini-neptunes' are a common class of exoplanet and, where hydrocarbons are incorporated within their ices, are candidates for diamond formation. Here we simulate model icy exoplanets to investigate the size required to induce diamond formation. Where the conditions are met, the denser diamond will sink through the ices deeper into the planet under gravity. This provides a source of internal heating, and will sequester the carbon deep within the planet....

Implementing individual placement and support in autistic and other intellectually and developmentally disabled adults: lessons learned in California

Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Implementing individual placement and support in autistic and other intellectually and developmentally disabled adults: lessons learned in California

This article is a summary of CLTC research aimed at developing a technology-neutral Super Lamp specification for replacement of incandescent sources in the residential sector

Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The research has been performed at the California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) in order to achieve required energy performance and develop a technology-neutral Super Lamp specification for replacement of incandescent technologies in the residential sector. The CLTC specification considered several factors that included color, size, run-up time, and frequent lamp failure in enclosed luminaries or downlights. The Super Lamp specification focuses only on lamps with a nominal correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2,700 K. The minimum values were specified for special color rendering indices that were determined by estimating, based on efficacy and CRI measurements of 2,700 K CFLs of varying CRI. The Super Lamp requirement for run-up time, 45 seconds, was based on the fastest run-up characteristic observed in the CLTC laboratory with commercially-available amalgam lamps. The California utilities are in the process of determining their incentive structure for high-efficacy screw-base...

Research matters

Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Extensive researchers efforts have played a key role in enabling high dynamic range (HDR) imaging to be used in several consumer electronics products. Some of these consumer electronics include cameras, mobile phones, and the latest version of the iPhone. The HDR technology has been integrated in these devices to provide better lighting experience. HDR imaging has been used for research purposes for a long period of time and has become practice in many of the devices as new digital cameras and specialized software have been developed to speed and facilitate processes. HDR imaging involves a series of photographs of a luminous scene from the same viewpoint, ranging from fully underexposed to fully over-exposed images that are processed by software to produce luminance maps. There are several systems to produce luminance maps using HDR photography, including the Photolux system using the Nikon Coolpix 5400 camera and a fisheye lens.

Effect of O -acetylation on ketene and carbonyl yields from conventional and emerging cannabinoids

Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The pulmonary toxicant, ketene, has been observed from electronic (e-) cigarette vaping and dabbing (flash vaporisation) of acetylated compounds such as Vitamin E Acetate (VEA) and the O-acetates of select few cannabinoids. Yet for the majority of commercially-available cannabinoids with structural similarities to VEA, toxicant yields from vaping have not been quantified. Methodology optimisation for ketene trapping and quantification or characterisation of the co-production of other potentially harmful products have not been reported. In this work, an optimised impinger collection method was used to quantify the yield of ketene and carbonyl products from several conventional and emerging cannabinoid distillates using a commercially available cannabis e-cigarette. Ketene and carbonyls were analysed after chemical derivitisation by high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) and cannabinoids were analysed using gas chromatography...

Modern Software Engineering: Reproducibility, Reliability, and Scalability

Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This dissertation investigates three structural concerns that determine whether modern software engineering can sustain trustworthy computational systems: the reproducibility of software engineering artifacts, the reliability in the large language model (LLM) era of software engineering, and the scalability of modern software infrastructure. Reproducibility determines whether software artifacts and empirical results can remain executable and trustworthy over time. However, while maintaining BugSwarm, one of the software defect datasets that set the foundation for the evaluation of software engineering techniques, the concern of reproducibility of software engineering research became increasingly apparent. To examine this concern, this dissertation presents a comprehensive survey of 151 software defect datasets and the first systematic study of reproducibility across five widely used Java defect datasets. This study finds that reproducibility criteria vary across datasets...

Clinical Risk Assessment of Acute Intermediate‐Risk Pulmonary Embolism Using Repeat Transthoracic Echocardiography

Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Current risk stratification algorithms for intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) inadequately identify patients who may benefit from escalated care interventions (ECIs) beyond anticoagulation and do not incorporate temporal assessments of right ventricular (RV) function. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether changes in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) on repeat transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before ECIs are associated with clinical outcomes in acute intermediate-risk PE. METHODS: Acute intermediate-risk PE patients at a single quaternary care center were retrospectively identified. Inclusion required two or more TTE studies with TAPSE measurements before discharge or ECI initiation. Patients were stratified into worsening (ΔTAPSE < 0 mm) and stable/improving cohorts. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality, intubation, ICU admission, vasopressor requirement, and ECIs. RESULTS: Eighty-eight...

Validation of a Spectroscopic Quantification Method for Total Carbonyls and Small Organic Acids in Aerosols Relevant to Indoor and Outdoor Environments

Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Carbonyls and small organic acids are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor atmospheres; carbonyls also have significant health implications. In this study, we validate a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method for carbonyl and small organic acids quantification by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy detection after derivatizing the CO moiety with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The spectroscopic method is benchmarked against accurate mass speciation by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Complex natural mixtures relevant to indoor and outdoor air quality were examined: electronic (e-) cigarette aerosols from nicotine and cannabinoid sources, woodsmoke aerosols, and secondary organic aerosols from limonene ozonolysis. The spectroscopy method measured the UV–vis absorption of quinoidal ions, formed from DNPH hydrazones in alkaline solution, at 530 nm (A 530). A significant correlation was established between...

The Network of Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep: A Structural Re-Analysis of the DBAS-16

Sat, 12 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

OBJECTIVES: Insomnia is a common problem that affects a significant portion of the population. Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep contribute to developing and maintaining insomnia. We developed a Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-16) and conducted a comprehensive psychometric evaluation using latent variable and psychometric network frameworks. METHOD: Participants (N = 1,3851,386) were between 18 and 59 years old, with and without insomnia complaints. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with dynamic fit indices to evaluate the original DBAS-16 structure and tested longitudinal invariance (14 days) and invariance across good and bad sleepers. We applied Unique Variable Analysis (UVA) and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) to a derivation subsample (n = 693), with the remaining half reserved for cross-validation. RESULTS: The original structure was replicated with moderate fit. We found...

Hyperpolarized NMR study of the impact of alzheimer’s disease on diabetes using a novel rat model

Sat, 12 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Most researchers have long focused on linkage between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but have often overlooked whether AD modulates T2D. Investigating the reciprocal interaction between two complex diseases provides perspectives on the mechanistic linkage. The endeavor, however, confronts challenges without a robust rodent model that develops T2D and AD as the animal ages. Cross breeding a T2D rat with a hemizygous TgF344AD +/- rat that contains the mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APPsw) and the presenilin 1 (PS1ΔE9) genes has produced a new T2D-AD +/- rat model. The T2D-AD +/- rat expresses both the T2D and AD phenotypes as the animal ages. As AD progresses, the time to T2D onset decreases, and the diabetes severity increases. Hyperpolarized NMR experiments using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) show that T2D and T2D-AD rats share a common metabolic impairment in the brain pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity as reflected in...

Performance Evaluation of a Commercially Available Desiccant-Based Seed Drying System

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Highlights Desiccant-based convective drying systems can remove moisture from agricultural commodities. More than 85% of FlexiDry system’s energy consumption was used for desiccant regeneration. Desiccant regeneration provides an opportunity to switch from natural gas or propane combustion to electricity. Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced in desiccant drying systems by the increased use of renewable electricity. Abstract . FlexiDry® is a commercially available desiccant-based drying system designed to reduce seed moisture content and promote...

A single survey instrument reliably measures safety culture across 117 US primary and specialty care veterinary clinics.

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Objective

To validate an adapted version of the Nottingham Veterinary Safety Culture Survey in US private practice veterinary hospitals, encompassing primary and specialty care settings, and to characterize differences in safety culture perceptions among veterinary care worker populations.

Methods

A prospective cross-sectional safety culture survey was conducted between October 4 and November 24, 2023. Veterinary care workers of 123 VCA hospitals were invited to participate. The survey included 27 adapted statements from the original instrument. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses evaluated model performance.

Results

Responses were received from veterinary technicians or assistants (461 of 702 [65.7%]), other support staff (150 of 702 [21.4%]), and veterinarians (91 of 702 [13.0%]). Responses were received from primary care (502 [71.51%]), specialty care (137 [19.52%]), and hybrid hospitals (63 [8.97%]). Results of the confirmatory factor analysis...

Photographic measurements of coffee bean size and sieve screen distribution

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Bean screen size is a critical grading parameter in green coffee quality and trade, yet conventional sieving is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here, we evaluate whether smartphone photographs of coffee beans placed on a calibrated reference sheet yield accurate bean size distributions. A Python-based image analysis algorithm measured the length and width of 2374 individual beans that were also each manually measured with digital calipers. We further used the image analysis algorithm to measure screen-size distributions from 19,509 beans across ten additional green coffee samples and compared them with distributions obtained via traditional mechanical sieving. Image-derived length and width measurements showed strong agreement with digital caliper measurements, with mean percent differences of 1.94% for length and 1.08% for width. Agreement was stronger for length (R² = 0.98) than for width (R² = 0.94), consistent with the greater geometric complexity...

Community Transportation Needs and Attitudes towards Electric Vehicles in Los Angeles: The EVClean15 Survey Report

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Niles Foundation (TNF) conducted a community transportation needs assessment in Los Angeles, focused on Council District 15, to inform future TNF initiatives. The survey was completed by a highly diverse group of 1,002 local residents. The median income is $39,458 and nearly a third rely on public transit daily. The majority of respondents has strong interest in microtransit similar concerns about transit, and a desire for less air pollution. Latino and Black residents had lower awarness of EV programs and less access to charging stations. The report highlights the importance of addressing such racialized differences and offers important insights for transportation researchers and professionals seeking to understand the needs of diverse and low-income residents. It also illustrates the power of community-generated research to inform transportation decision-making.

Distribution, seroprevalence, and factors associated with Anaplasma marginale seropositivity in adult cattle from cow-calf herds in California

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Distribution, seroprevalence, and factors associated with Anaplasma marginale seropositivity in adult cattle from cow-calf herds in California

Toward Techniques for Auto Tuning GPU Algorithms

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

We introduce a variety of techniques toward auto-tuning data-parallel algorithms on the GPU. Our techniques tune these algorithms independent of hardware architecture, and attempt to select near-optimum parameters. We work towards a general framework for creating auto-tuned data-parallel algorithms, using these techniques for common algorithms with certain characteristics. Our contributions include tuning a set of algorithms with a variety of computational patterns, with the goal in mind of building a general framework from these results. Our tuning strategy focuses first on identifying the computational patterns an algorithm shows, and then reducing our tuning model based on these observed patterns.

Drying Performance and Quality Preservation of Calrose Rice Paddy (Oryza Sativa) Using Convective Zeolite-Based Desiccant Drying

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Highlights Performance evaluation of a convective Drying Beads® (DB) zeolite-based system. Compared rice paddy drying with DB to 50°C conventional heated-air (HA) drying. Four distinct drying experiments were applied under two ambient conditions. DB significantly enhances the moisture removal rate by 84.3% in humid ambient conditions. DB and HA have a similar total milling yield, but DB has a 10% higher head rice yield in temperate ambient conditions. DB's exothermic reaction increases the drying rate by reducing humidity and rising temperature. Abstract. Desiccant-based drying has the potential to enhance rice quality and reduce energy consumption compared to conventional heated-air drying. This laboratory-scale study evaluated the performance and resultant quality of a convective Drying Beads® (DB) zeolite-based desiccant drying system to dry Calrose rice paddy (Oryza sativa). A rice paddy to DB ratio of 1:2 was compared to conventional 50°C heated-air drying...

Results of the 2024-2025 Campus Travel Survey

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The UC Davis Campus Travel Survey is an annual survey led by Transportation Services (TS)—formerly known as Transportation and Parking Services (TAPS)—and the UC Davis Institute of Transportation Studies (ITS-Davis). It collects a rich set of data about travel to the UC Davis campus, demographics, and attitudes toward travel.

The 2024-25 survey collected data from 3,962 people affiliated with UC Davis about their travel to campus during October and November 2024. It used a stratified random sampling method with the intent to gather a representative sample of the campus population. About 11 percent of those invited responded to this year's survey. For the statistics presented throughout this report, the responses are weighted by campus role (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, Master’s student, PhD student, faculty, and staff) and gender, so that the proportion of respondents in each group reflects their proportion in the campus population.

Biosignatures on Mars: What, Where, and How? Implications for the Search for Martian Life.

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Unlabelled

The search for traces of life is one of the principal objectives of Mars exploration. Central to this objective is the concept of habitability, the set of conditions that allows the appearance of life and successful establishment of microorganisms in any one location. While environmental conditions may have been conducive to the appearance of life early in martian history, habitable conditions were always heterogeneous on a spatial scale and in a geological time frame. This punctuated scenario of habitability would have had important consequences for the evolution of martian life, as well as for the presence and preservation of traces of life at a specific landing site. We hypothesize that, given the lack of long-term, continuous habitability, if martian life developed, it was (and may still be) chemotrophic and anaerobic. Obtaining nutrition from the same kinds of sources as early terrestrial chemotrophic life and living in the same kinds of environments, the...

Evaluating cone-beam computed tomography vs. intraoral radiography for the detection of endodontal disease in dogs: diagnostic performance and inter-rater agreement

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: The comparative diagnostic utility of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral dental radiography (IDR) for endodontal disease in dogs remains unclear. Accordingly, this study evaluated both imaging modalities against histopathologic findings as the gold standard. Methods: In this prospective observational study, client-owned dogs undergoing evaluation for suspected endodontal disease were imaged with both CBCT and IDR under general anesthesia. Forty-six teeth from 16 dogs were included. Four radiographic features-periapical lucency, failure of pulp canal narrowing, external inflammatory root resorption, and loss of crown integrity-were independently scored by five blinded evaluators using a standardized qualitative scale. Histopathological assessment of pulp vitality was available for 18 teeth. Diagnostic performance, inter-rater agreement, and modality-related effects were analyzed using mixed-effects models and concordance statistics. Results: CBCT was...

Prediction of gestational age based on foetal ultrasonographic biometric measurements in light breed horses

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A table was generated, based on foetal ultrasonographic measurements in light breed mares, for each day of gestation beginning with day 100, to provide the predicted value of four biometric parameters: biparietal diameter (BPD), eye approximated volume (EyV), foetal aortic diameter (AortD) and femur length (FL). Using this table, day of gestation was successfully predicted in 23 Quarter Horses (QH) with known mating or ovulation dates. BPD, EyV and FL were the best foetal age predictors between 100- and 200-days gestation predicting within 2 weeks of the actual day of gestation, while BPD and EyV were best between 200 and 300 days (within 3 weeks), and EyV was best after 300 days (within 3 weeks).

Correction: Impact of the d0 transition metal on local structural transformations in disordered rock salt cathodes

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D5SC06959A.].

Dynamic Compression Reveals Donor-Age-Associated Inflammaging in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Spheroids

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract: Mechanical cues play a critical role in musculoskeletal homeostasis and disease pathophysiology, where excessive loading induces tissue damage and promotes inflammation. Aging further exacerbates this process, particularly in age-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Although both hyper-mechanical loading and aging are known to contribute to chronic inflammation in OA and other age-related diseases, their combined effects remain poorly modeled in vitro. Here, we developed a dynamic 3D culture platform integrating gelatin hydrogels, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) spheroids, and a compressive bioreactor to recapitulate joint-like mechanical environments. Gelatin hydrogel-encapsulated MSC spheroids maintained mechanical stability under repeated loading (10–20 kPa) while preserving cell viability and spreading. Aged MSC spheroids exhibited metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis, elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory...

Treatment patterns and access among people with epilepsy of childbearing potential in Peru

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: People with epilepsy of childbearing potential in low-resource settings face unique challenges related to anti-seizure medication (ASM) selection and access. These challenges may be particularly pronounced in regions where neurocysticercosis (NCC), a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide, contributes substantially to the burden of disease. We characterized ASM prescribing patterns and factors associated with the use of higher-risk medications among people with epilepsy of childbearing potential in northern Peru. Methods: We analyzed data from females aged 15-49 years who were enrolled in a prospective, population-based epilepsy cohort in Tumbes, Peru, from 2006 to 2020. ASMs were categorized according to pregnancy-associated safety profiles as Lower-risk (lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, clonazepam, diazepam), Intermediate-High risk (carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, topiramate), and Highest-risk (valproic acid). We evaluated ASM utilization,...

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Survivorship, Version 3.2026.

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship offer guidance for health care providers who care for survivors of adult-onset cancer. These guidelines include screening, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for common physical and psychosocial problems resulting from cancer and its treatment and provide a framework for care coordination. They also present guidance for helping cancer survivors to enhance their wellness and maintain a healthy lifestyle. This article summarizes the panel's current recommendations and recent updates regarding anxiety, depression, distress, and trauma in cancer survivors.

The paleoecology, habitats, and stratigraphic range of the enigmatic cretaceous brachiopod peregrinella.

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Modern and Cenozoic deep-sea hydrothermal-vent and methane-seep communities are dominated by large tubeworms, bivalves and gastropods. In contrast, many Early Cretaceous seep communities were dominated by the largest Mesozoic rhynchonellid brachiopod, the dimerelloid Peregrinella, the paleoecologic and evolutionary traits of which are still poorly understood. We investigated the nature of Peregrinella based on 11 occurrences world wide and a literature survey. All in situ occurrences of Peregrinella were confirmed as methane-seep deposits, supporting the view that Peregrinella lived exclusively at methane seeps. Strontium isotope stratigraphy indicates that Peregrinella originated in the late Berriasian and disappeared after the early Hauterivian, giving it a geologic range of ca. 9.0 (+1.45/-0.85) million years. This range is similar to that of rhynchonellid brachiopod genera in general, and in this respect Peregrinella differs from seep-inhabiting mollusks, which have, on average,...

Analytical and numerical solutions of hydrometeor momentum equations

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract Momentum equations of hydrometeors and air variously forced by gravity and frictional dissipation are considered. Limiting cases are shown to reveal important behavior. The case of hydrometeors accelerating to the velocity of a constant horizontal wind reveals extremely long equilibration times due to friction alone. Velocity traces for the case of accelerating hydrometeors falling through air and the case of accelerating hydrometeors and air under the influence of gravity are found. They reveal that acceleration occurs for about twice as long as naive scaling would suggest. When the laden system can accelerate both horizontally and vertically, the solution to the momentum equations is complicated by the unique vector nature of the problem. Numerical solutions illustrate how drops act as a damper on the motion of air. A particular focus throughout is on the modification of terminal hydrometeor fall speeds due to multiple effects. Among these are enervation due to accounting...

Autism Screening in the First Year and Beyond: Comparison of Multiple Measures

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Autism screening aids in early detection and diagnosis. Several screeners are available for toddlers 16 months and older, but there is little data on the accuracy of screening measures used in the first year of life. A community sample (N = 1641) completed three screeners-M-CHAT-R, ITC, VIRSA-online at 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age (including exploratory use of M-CHAT-R prior to 16 months). At 36 months, outcomes of ASD or Non-ASD were determined by tele-evaluation and outcome surveys. Psychometric properties were assessed for all screeners at all ages, both used individually and in combination. When used in the first year of life (6-12 months), psychometric properties were in the poor range, with area under the curve (AUC) < 0.70 for all three screeners, whether used in isolation or combination. At 18 and 24 months, the M-CHAT-R and ITC outperformed the VIRSA, with psychometric properties in the fair range (AUC 0.70-0.79) used in isolation and the good range (AUC ≥ 0.80)...

Data Centers Lower Nearby Housing Values

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Artificial intelligence is driving unprecedented investment in data centers, yet the local costs and benefits of these facilities remain largely unmeasured. We estimate how households value nearby data center development using a newly constructed database of U.S. data centers and housing transaction data. Our statistical analysis uses a matched stacked event study design that compares housing transactions near newly announced large data centers with transactions in observably similar areas near data centers that are announced later. Large data centers reduce housing values within 3 miles by 3% on average over the following 5 years. The effect is highly localized: prices within 1 mile fall by 7.2% on average, with smaller effects beyond 1 mile. Price declines persist for at least 5 years and are larger for hyperscale and high-capacity data centers, urban locations, and the first large data center in an area. Consistent with increasing public awareness of data center externalities,...

Incidence, Presentation, and Natural History of Adrenal Hemorrhage: An Institutional Analysis

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

INTRODUCTION: Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) can occur due to multiple etiologies with variable radiographic appearance, often indistinguishable from underlying adrenal neoplasms. There is a lack of AH literature and evidence-based guidelines. Our study aimed to understand the prevalence and etiology of AH, follow-up, and incidence of underlying neoplasm. METHODS: An institutional database was queried from January 2006 to October 2021 for patients with AH on imaging, excluding patients with known malignancies, adrenal masses, or prior adrenal surgery. Demographics, medical history, hematoma size, laterality, biochemical evaluation, intervention, and additional imaging were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 490,301 imaging reports queried, 530 (0.11%) with AH met inclusion criteria. Most imaging (n = 485, 91.5%) was performed during trauma evaluation. Two patients underwent dedicated intervention at presentation. Interval imaging was performed in 114 (21.5%) patients at a median of 2.6...

Low Energy Availability and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

IntroductionLow energy availability (LEA) occurs when energy expenditure from athletic training and bodily functions exceeds caloric intake. This imbalance results in declines in athletic performance and increases the risk of injury. Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a condition that occurs when the energy deficit is severe enough to cause alterations to metabolic rate, menstrual function, immune function, bone health, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular function. Many athletes, particularly those competing in endurance, aesthetic, or weight-class sports, are adversely impacted by this condition.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the prevalence of LEA and REDs among athletes and present the first secondary analysis of the impacts of these phenomena on sports performance and risk of injury.MethodsThis systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023469253). Literature searches were performed following PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane...

Upcycling Almond Byproducts: A Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Almond Hull Hydrolysate