http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucd/rss Recent eScholarship items from UC Davis Tue, 3 Nov 2026 21:47:55 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jn345jc California is investing in a hydrogen system as part of its strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and industry. While much of the state’s hydrogen planning has focused on demand from cars and trucks, other transportation sectors—including ports, aviation, and rail—could provide significant demand. At the same time, uncertainty surrounding federal support, including the suspension of $1.2 billion in federal funding for the ARCHES hydrogen hub, has raised new questions about how California should prioritize and coordinate future hydrogen investments to best support decarbonization and public health goals. There has been limited analysis of how demand could develop across multiple transportation modes and where hydrogen production and refueling infrastructure should be located to maximize efficiency and reduce costs. The potential environmental and workforce impacts of a statewide hydrogen system are also not well understood. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jn345jc Tue, 3 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fulton, Lewis Lipman, Timothy Coffee, Daniel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jz7w2sd California Sentinel Sites for Nature Biodiversity Monitoring Workshop: Gathering Synthesis Report https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jz7w2sd Tue, 3 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bucciarelli, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-1361 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bb694qz Rethinking Linking: Effects of Cap-and-Trade Integration on Equilibrium Emissions and Welfare https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bb694qz Fri, 30 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Larson, Thor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vw194dc BACKGROUND: Specific allograft processing methods may contribute to high failure rates. OBJECTIVES: To characterize commonly used proprietary costal cartilage allograft processing techniques among tissue banks and assess surgeon preferences for graft sterilization methods in rhinoplasty. METHODS: A comprehensive review of American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB)-certified cartilage providers was performed using public databases, United States Patent and Trademark Office records, PubMed, and consultation with research scientists. An international survey of rhinoplasty surgeons in the Evidence-Based Rhinoplasty Reading Group assessed allograft preferences for rhinoplasty. RESULTS: Among 41 AATB-certified cartilage providers, 12 distinct proprietary processing protocols were identified. Gamma irradiation (1.0-5.0 Mrad) was used in 63.6% of methods. Peroxide-based detergents, including hydrogen peroxide, were used in 36.4%, and alcohol-based detergents, including isopropyl alcohol,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vw194dc Fri, 30 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vasudev, Milind Liu, Lauren Lonergan, Ashley Torabi, Sina J Liu, Sarah Ferreira, Miguel Goncalves Tollefson, Travis T https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-8647 Wong, Brian JF https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-7384 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2544g7ff An opening salvo of lawsuits in US courts has begun holding AI companies accountable through independent doctrinal routes: Product liability and agency law cut as swords, while the shields of Section 230 immunity and First Amendment doctrine begin to crack. This Perspective points out that these converging paths share a unifying principle, built on the very engineering architecture of machine learning (ML) itself. Every ML system, across all variants, is constituted by a human-specified objective function before learning begins. Training data, deployment context, user interaction, and postdeployment oversight add further layers of deliberate human intention traceable to identifiable actors. AI output is therefore not the expression of a single speaker but a composite of layered human intents. It takes a village to raise an AI, and everyone in that village bears a duty of care. This transforms AI accountability from a philosophical puzzle into a tractable legal inquiry: Trace the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2544g7ff Fri, 30 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hilbert, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-6361 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w84g5p4 Microplastics in agricultural soils pose risks to food systems and human health https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9w84g5p4 Thu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wong, Amanda https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97m9b8sc The Tribal Sustainable Transportation Transitions study was conducted by faculty and graduate students in the departments of Native American Studies and Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Davis, respectively, as part of the Center for Efficiency, Resiliency, and Community Engagement in Transportation (CERCET). The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and opportunities facing Tribal Nations in California considering the transition to more sustainable transportation systems. This study began with a literature review on tribal sustainable transportation initiatives in California. A pilot survey was then distributed via email to tribal transportation, public works, and/or environmental directors at federally recognized tribes in California, conducted in-person with attendees at the 2026 UC Davis Big Time and Powwow, and conducted via interview with tribal public works and environmental staff. Thirty-eight individual survey responses were received, providing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97m9b8sc Thu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Middleton Manning, Beth Rose Sabate, Kealohi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hk4q90q Onshoring vehicle manufacturing in the US has potential for economic development and increased security of manufacturing supply chains. Onshoring may also have social benefits if production processes are moved from countries with low wages and few protections for worker safety to the US., where wages are higher and labor protection is extensive. This project examines the potential social benefits of moving one part of the vehicle supply chain, batteries for heavy duty trucks, from China to the US. We use a life cycle approach and consider the resource extraction and manufacturing phases of battery production. We assume that only the manufacturing phase changes. We use specialized software to compare estimates of social risks in five categories (labor rights, health and safety, society, governance, and community), Our results suggest that relocating battery manufacturing from China to the US would substantially reduce associated social risks particularly with respect to labor rights,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hk4q90q Thu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shao, Qifan Giuliano, Genevieve Boarnet, Marlon Zhang, Jiachen Hu, Hao Liu, Shu https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gd9h1bk Microplastics can transport zoonotic pathogens in coastal waters https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gd9h1bk Thu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shapiro, Karen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dc2j478 A Qualitative Case Study of Accessible Veterinary Care Programming in Sacramento County, California https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dc2j478 Thu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Knuchell, Jeannie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17h2p093 Microplastics can increase pathogen contamination in shellfish https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17h2p093 Thu, 29 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shapiro, Karen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h7932qq <p>Land use development projects around transit may take on many forms, thereby having various effects on transit use in theproject vicinity. One approach, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), is the creation of compact, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use projects centered around stations along transit priority corridors (rail, bus rapid transit). There is a needfor research on the quantifiable impacts of land use development projects, and TOD in particular, on transit ridership toguide policy and investments in TOD for future transit plans. This study draws on a comprehensive review of the literatureon ridership outcomes impacted by TOD and related built environment characteristics, transit service characteristics, andsociodemographics. The research team conducted 16 practitioner interviews to contextualize the literature review andgather practitioner input related to ridership estimation for land use development projects around transit. Both theliterature review and interview... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h7932qq Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pike, Susan Bhagat-Conway, Matthew Kamruzzaman, Mohammad Hider Panjaitan, Naomi Trejo-Vera, Carlos Ngo, Joanna Nierva, Olivia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13n988hz Being an Ally Requires Being an Anti-Racist: 11 Actions Toward Anti-Racism in the Office and On Your Own https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13n988hz Wed, 28 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 UC Davis Office for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tp3v64d <p>We show that there is a constant \(C›0\) such that for each integer \(n\geq 1\), there is a poset on at most \(2^{2n/3+C\sqrt{n}}\) elements that contains each \(n\)-element poset as an (induced) subposet.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 06A07, 06A06</p> <p>Keywords: Universal Structure, Poset</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tp3v64d Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bastide, Paul Groenland, Carla Nenadov, Rajko https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q5594fk <p>We provide a superalgebraic analogue of Markov numbers, which are defined as the Grassmann integer solutions to the equation \(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + (xy + yz + xz)\epsilon = 3(1+\epsilon)xyz\), as well as applications to the decorated super Teichmüller spaces associated to the once-punctured torus and certain annuli. We conclude with further directions for study.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 13F60, 17A70, 30F60, 11D25, 05C70</p> <p>Keywords: Markov numbers, Super Teichmüller space, snake graphs, double dimer covers</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q5594fk Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Musiker, Gregg https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99d414r2 <p>The polyhedron of unit flows on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with one source and one sink is known to admit regular unimodular triangulations induced by framings of the DAG. The dual graph of any of these triangulations may be given the structure of the Hasse diagram of a lattice, generalizing many variations of the Tamari lattice and the weak order. We extend this theory to flow polytopes of DAGs which may have multiple sources, multiple sinks, and nontrivial netflow vectors under certain planarity conditions. We construct a unimodular triangulation of such a flow polytope indexed by combinatorial data and give a poset structure on its maximal simplices generalizing the strongly planar one-source-one-sink case.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05C21, 05E45, 52B11</p> <p>Keywords: Framing triangulations, flow polytopes</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99d414r2 Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Berggren, Jonah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98q546jv For affine Coxeter groups of affine types \(\widetilde{\text{D}}\) and \(\widetilde{\text{B}}\), we model the interval \([1,c]_T\) in the absolute order by symmetric noncrossing partitions of an annulus with one or two double points. In type \(\widetilde{\text{B}}\) (and almost in type \(\widetilde{\text{D}}\)), the diagrams also model the larger lattice defined by McCammond and Sulway. <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: Primary: 20F55, 05E16; Secondary: 20F36</p> <p>Keywords: Absolute order, affine Coxeter group, marked surface, noncrossing partition</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98q546jv Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Reading, Nathan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91f52796 <p>We prove that for any graph \(G\) the (complex) zeros of its chromatic polynomial, \(\chi_G(x)\), lie inside the disk centered at \(0\) of radius \(4.25 \Delta(G)\), where \(\Delta(G)\) denotes the maximum degree of \(G\). This improves on a recent result of Jenssen, Patel and Regts, who proved a bound of \(5.94\Delta(G)\). Moreover, we show that for graphs of sufficiently large girth we can replace \(4.25\) by \(3.60\) and for claw-free graphs we can replace \(4.25\) by \(3.81\). </p><p>Our proofs add some substantially novel ideas to those developed by Jenssen, Patel, and Regts, while building on them. A key novel ingredient for claw-free graphs is to use a representation of the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial in terms of the number of certain partial acyclic orientations.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05C31, 68W25</p> <p>Keywords: Chromatic polynomial, acyclic orientation, complex zeros, broken circuit, maximum degree, claw-free graphs</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91f52796 Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bencs, Ferenc Regts, Guus https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89q9w4t0 Extremal ideals are a class of square-free monomial ideals which dominate and determine many algebraic invariants of powers of all square-free monomial ideals. For example, the \(r^{th}\) power \({\mathcal{E}_q}^r\) of the extremal ideal on \(q\) generators has the maximum betti numbers among the \(r^{th}\) power of any square-free monomial ideal with \(q\) generators. In this paper we study the combinatorial and geometric structure of the (minimal) free resolutions of powers of square-free monomial ideals via the resolutions of powers of extremal ideals. Although the end results are algebraic, this problem has a natural interpretation in terms of polytopes and discrete geometry. Our guiding conjecture is that all powers \({\mathcal{E}_q}^r\) of extremal ideals have resolutions supported on their Scarf simplicial complexes, and thus their resolutions are as small as possible. This conjecture is known to hold for \(r \leq 2\) or \(q \leq 4\). In this paper we prove the conjecture... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89q9w4t0 Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chau, Trung Duval, Art M. Faridi, Sara Holleben, Thiago Morey, Susan Şega, Liana M. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q94x75c Let \(I = (i_1, \dots, i_k)\) and \(J = (j_1, \dots, j_k)\) be two length \(k\) sequences drawn from \(\{1, \dots, n \}\). We have the group algebra element \([I,J] := \sum_{w(I) = J} w \in {\mathbb {C}}[{\mathfrak{S}}_n]\) where the sum is over permutations \(w \in {\mathfrak{S}}_n\) which satisfy \(w(i_p) = j_p\) for \(p = 1, \dots, k\). We give an algorithm for evaluating irreducible characters \(\chi^\lambda: {\mathbb {C}}[{\mathfrak{S}}_n] \to {\mathbb {C}}\) of the symmetric group on the elements \([I,J]\). This algorithm is a hybrid of the classical Murnaghan-Nakayama rule and a new path Murnaghan-Nakayama rule which reflects the decomposition of a partial permutation into paths and cycles. <p>These results first appeared in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.06567">arXiv:2206.06567</a>, which is no longer intended for publication. We originally used the character theoretic results in this paper to prove asymptotic results on moments of certain permutation statistics... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q94x75c Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hamaker, Zachary Rhoades, Brendon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79x3f9c9 <p>Answering a question by Letzter and Snyder, we prove that for large enough \(k\), any \(n\)-vertex graph \(G\) with minimum degree at least \(\frac{1}{2k-1}n\) and without odd cycles of length less than \(2k+1\) is \(3\)-colourable. In fact, we prove a stronger result that works with a slightly smaller minimum degree.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05C35, 05C15</p> <p>Keywords: Chromatic profile, Minimum degree, Graph colouring</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79x3f9c9 Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Böttcher, Julia Frankl, Nóra Cecchelli, Domenico Mergoni Parczyk, Olaf Skokan, Jozef https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zp2t8zc In their famous 1974 paper introducing the local lemma, Erdős and Lovász posed a question—later referred to by Erdős as one of his three favorite open problems: What is the minimum number of edges in an \( r \)-uniform, intersecting hypergraph with cover number \( r \)? This question was solved up to a constant factor in Kahn's remarkable 1994 paper. More recently, motivated by applications to Bollobás' "power of many colours" problem, Alon, Bucić, Christoph, and Krivelevich introduced a natural generalization by imposing a space constraint that limits the hypergraph to use only \(n\) vertices. In this note, we settle this question asymptotically, up to a logarithmic factor in \(n/r\) in the exponent, for the entire range. <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05D05</p> <p>Keywords: Hypergraphs, cover number, intersecting</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zp2t8zc Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bucić, Matija Jain, Vanshika Sivashankar, Varun https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qn653r2 <p>We consider planar bipartite maps which are both tight, i.e. without vertices of degree \(1\), and \(2b\)-irreducible, i.e. such that each cycle has length at least \(2b\) and such that any cycle of length exactly \(2b\) is the contour of a face. It was shown by Budd that the number \(\mathcal N_n^{(b)}\) of such maps made out of a fixed set of \(n\) faces with prescribed even degrees is a polynomial in both \(b\) and the face degrees. In this paper, we give an explicit expression for \(\mathcal N_n^{(b)}\) by a direct bijective approach based on the so-called slice decomposition. More precisely, we decompose any of the maps at hand into a collection of \(2b\)-irreducible tight slices and a suitable two-face map. We show how to bijectively encode each \(2b\)-irreducible slice via a \(b\)-decorated tree drawn on its derived map, and how to enumerate collections thereof. We then discuss the polynomial counting of two-face maps, and show how to combine it with the former enumeration... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qn653r2 Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bouttier, Jérémie Guitter, Emmanuel Manet, Hugo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p78c20z We determine the generating and embedding rank of the metasymplectic spaces whose symplecta are either symplectic polar spaces in characteristic distinct from \(2\), or Hermitian polar spaces (including the quaternion case), and provide a characterisation of the associated projective varieties in the context of the Freudenthal-Tits magic square. <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 51E24, 51B25, 20E42</p> <p>Keywords: Metasymplectic space, embedding, Freudenthal-Tits magic square</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p78c20z Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jansen, Paulien Schillewaert, Jeroen Van Maldeghem, Hendrik https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34z5p4nz In 1977, Carlitz and Scoville introduced the cycle \((\alpha,t)\)-Eulerian polynomials \(A^{\mathrm{cyc}}_n(x,y,t \mid \alpha)\) by enumerating permutations with respect to the number of excedances, drops, fixed points, and cycles. In this paper, we propose a nine-variable generalization of the Eulerian polynomials \(A_n(u_1,u_2,u_3,u_4,f,g,t \mid \alpha,\beta)\) defined in terms of descent-based statistics of permutations, and we establish a connection formula linking these two families of generalized Eulerian polynomials. By means of this connection formula, we derive explicit exponential generating functions and several \(\gamma\)-positive expressions for various Eulerian-type polynomials. In particular, our results unify and strengthen recent findings of Ji and Ji-Lin. In related work on the transition matrix between the Specht and web bases, Hwang, Jang, and Oh recently introduced the web permutations, which can be described in terms of cycle André permutations. We show that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34z5p4nz Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Xu, Chao Zeng, Jiang https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dt685nf <p>We introduce the notion of Ramsey partition regularity, a generalisation of partition regularity involving infinitary configurations. We provide characterisations of this notion in terms of certain ultrafilters related to tensor products and dubbed Ramsey's witnesses; and we also consider their nonstandard counterparts as pairs of hypernatural numbers, called Ramsey pairs. These characterisations are then used to determine whether various configurations involving polynomials and exponentials are Ramsey partition regular over the natural numbers. In particular, this provides negative answers to several questions recently posed by Kra, Moreira, Richter and Robertson.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: Primary: 05D10. Secondary: 26E35, 03H15, 11U10, 05A17, 54D80</p> <p>Keywords: Arithmetic Ramsey theory, partition regularity, ultrafilter, nonstandard analysis, tensor pair, Ramsey's witness</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dt685nf Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Di Nasso, Mauro Luperi Baglini, Lorenzo Mamino, Marcello Mennuni, Rosario Ragosta, Mariaclara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25r8w7km <p>A recent result of Lofano and Paolini expresses the characteristic polynomial of a real hyperplane arrangement in terms of a projection statistic on the regions of the arrangement. We use this result to give an alternative proof for Greene and Zaslavsky's interpretation for the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial of a graph and further generalize this interpretation to signed graphs. We also show that this projection statistic has a nice combinatorial interpretation in the case of the braid arrangement, which generalizes to graphical arrangements of natural unit interval graphs.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 52C35, 05A15, 05C15, 05C22</p> <p>Keywords: Hyperplane arrangements, chromatic polynomials, signed graphs</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25r8w7km Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Goregaokar, Neha https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xn7851z <p>LCM lattices were introduced by Gasharov, Peeva, and Welker as a way to study minimal free resolutions of monomial ideals. All LCM lattices are atomic and all atomic lattices arise as the LCM lattice of some monomial ideal. We systematically study other lattice properties of LCM lattices. For lattices associated to the edge ideal of a graph, we completely characterize the many standard lattice properties in terms of the associated graphs: Boolean, modular, upper semimodular, lower semimodular, supersolvable, coatomic, and complemented; edge ideals with graded LCM lattices were previously characterized by Nevo and Peeva as those associated to gap-free graphs. For arbitrary monomial ideals, we prove the Cohen-Macaulayness of minimal monomial ideals associated to modular lattices. We also prove separate necessary and sufficient lattice conditions for when the projective dimension of a monomial ideal matches the height of its LCM lattice. Finally, we show that LCM lattices of Gorenstein... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xn7851z Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dorang, Matthew McCullough, Jason https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04m2r6z3 <p>Skew shaped positroids (or skew shaped positroid varieties) are certain Richardson varieties in the flag variety that admit a realization as explicit subvarieties of the Grassmannian \(\mathrm{Gr}(k,n)\). They are parametrized by a pair of Young diagrams \(\mu \subseteq \lambda\) fitting inside a \(k \times (n-k)\)-rectangle. For every \(a = 1, \dots, n-k\), we define an explicit open set \(U_a\) inside the skew shaped positroid \(S^{\circ}_{\lambda/\mu}\), and show that \(U_a\) is isomorphic to the product of two smaller skew shaped positroids. Moreover, \(U_a\) admits a natural cluster structure and the aforementioned isomorphism is quasi-cluster isomorphism in the sense of Fraser. Our methods depend on realizing the skew shaped positroid as an explicit braid variety, and generalize the work of the first and third authors for open positroid cells in the Grassmannian.</p> <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 13F60, 14M15</p> <p>Keywords: Cluster algebras, positroid varieties</... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04m2r6z3 Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gorsky, Eugene Kim, Soyeon Scroggin, Tonie Simental, José https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03g92964 We construct two families of strongly regular Cayley graphs, or equivalently, partial difference sets, based on elementary abelian groups. The parameters of these two families are generalizations of the Denniston and the dual Denniston parameters, in contrast to the well-known Latin square type and negative Latin square type parameters. The two families unify and subsume a number of existing constructions which have been presented in various contexts such as strongly regular graphs, partial difference sets, projective sets, and projective two-weight codes, notably including Denniston's seminal construction concerning maximal arcs in classical projective planes with even order. Our construction generates further momentum in this area, which recently saw exciting progress on the construction of the analogue of the famous Denniston partial difference sets in odd characteristic. <p>Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05E30, 05B10, 11T24, 51E20, 94B05</p> <p>Keywords: Cyclotomy,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03g92964 Tue, 27 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Shuxing Davis, James A. Huczynska, Sophie Johnson, Laura Polhill, John https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q92x8zv Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have great potential as nucleic acid delivery vehicles; however, they trigger the production of inflammatory cytokines, which limits their medical applications. Developing non-inflammatory LNPs is challenging because the LNP’s ionizable lipid and the process of endosomal disruption are the major sources of LNP toxicity but are also essential for delivering nucleic acids. Here we demonstrate that ionizable lipids containing a carboxylic acid and an amine (termed S-lipid) switch their charged state between the pHs of 7.4 and 4.0, allowing them to generate LNPs (termed switchable nanoparticles) that efficiently encapsulate nucleic acid and trigger endosomal release without activation of the TLR4, complement, galectin-8 and platelet activating factor signalling pathways. Finally, we demonstrate that switchable nanoparticles are better at treating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury than traditional LNPs because they do not exacerbate pre-existing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q92x8zv Mon, 26 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liang, Dengpan Qi, Yalin Han, Hesong Ahmadian, Negar Gao, Kewa Sapasap, Kaycee Zhang, Yuxi Guo, Silin Lawanprasert, Atip Pimcharoen, Sopida Zhao, Sheng Del Buono, Milan T Xia, He Enders, Zoe O Burgstone, Benjamin W Calio, Antonino https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2902 Dankar, Neel Lu, Bingwei Qi, Lei S Wang, Aijun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-3627 Murthy, Niren https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hn3d16f The chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions predicts an electric charge separation along the direction of a strong magnetic field, which indicates local parity ( ) and charge-conjugation-parity ( ) violation in strong interactions. We report measurements of electric charge separation signals perpendicular to the spectator event plane in Au+Au collisions using high-statistics data from RHIC Beam Energy Scan II and top-RHIC energy ( GeV) runs. A novel event shape selection method is employed to suppress the flow-induced background. The residual charge-separation signal fractions near the zero-flow limit are positive in Au+Au collisions within the 20%−50% centrality range. The significance levels are , , and at 11.5, 14.6, and 19.6 GeV, respectively. At other beam energies, the signals are either statistically limited or consistent with zero. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hn3d16f Mon, 26 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aboona, BE Adam, J Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, I Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Aitbayev, A Alekseev, I Alpatov, E Alshammri, AK Aparin, A Aslam, S Atchison, J Averichev, GS Bairathi, V Bao, X Barik, P Barish, K https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-0726 Behera, S Bhagat, P Bhasin, A Bhatta, S Bordyuzhin, IG Brandenburg, JD Brandin, AV Broodo, C Cai, XZ Caines, H de la Barca Sánchez, M Calderón Cebra, D Ceska, J Chakaberia, I Chang, YS Chang, Z Chatterjee, A Chen, D Chen, JH Chen, Q Chen, W Chen, Z Cheng, J Cheng, Y Christie, W Chu, X Corey, S Crawford, HJ Dale-Gau, G Das, A De Souza Lemos, D Dedovich, TG Deppner, IM Derevschikov, AA Deshpande, A Dhamija, A Dimri, A Dixit, P Dong, X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-5906 Drachenberg, JL Duckworth, E Dunlop, JC El-Feky, YS Engelage, J Eppley, G Esumi, S Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fan, B Fatemi, R Fazio, S Feng, H Feng, Y Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flor, FA Fu, C Fu, T Gao, T Gao, Y Garcia, G Geurts, F Gibson, A Giri, A Gopal, K Gou, X Grosnick, D Gu, A Gu, J Gupta, A Hamed, A Hamilton, RJ Han, J Han, X Harasty, MD Harris, JW Harrison-Smith, H Havener, LB He, XH He, Y Hu, C Hu, Q https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09b921rg This Letter presents a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair (HH) production performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations using proton-proton collision datasets recorded at sqrt[s]=13  TeV during the Large Hadron Collider Run 2, corresponding to integrated luminosities ranging between 126 and 140  fb^{-1}. The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the total HH signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured cross section to the standard model (SM) prediction, corresponds to 2.5, with an expected value of 1.7 (2.8) assuming the absence (presence) of the SM HH signal. The strength of the HH signal is measured to be 0.8_{-0.7}^{+0.9} relative to the SM prediction. The observed significance is found to be 1.1 standard deviations whereas 1.3 are expected for the SM HH signal. Constraints are set on the Higgs boson trilinear self-coupling and on the couplings of two Higgs bosons to two vector bosons, both normalized to the SM predictions and denoted as κ_{λ} and κ_{2V},... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09b921rg Mon, 26 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Almazan, ER Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d1335qd Abstract: Purpose: Sex influences the incidence, molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes of gliomas, but the biological pathways contributing to these differences are not fully understood. In lower grade glioma (LGG), immune activity and cell cycle dysregulation are key components of tumor behavior. Because sex heavily influences baseline survival, it is critical to determine if the prognostic relevance of these transcriptional programs differs between males and females, or if they offer universal utility. This study evaluated the robustness of immune and cell cycle gene expression signatures as prognostic markers across sex-stratified cohorts in LGG using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods: Clinical and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing data from 510 patients with lower grade glioma in The Cancer Genome Atlas were... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d1335qd Sat, 24 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Singh, Arylic https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6464-5973 Shute, Katrina https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7111-9030 Hawk, Cameron https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1650-3580 Sulman, Muhammed https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7823-6876 Martin, Allan R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-5654 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mq4w60z Stabilized earth masonry (SEM) made with unfired blocks is emerging as an attractive option for sustainable houses that are built using locally available materials. However, it is unclear whether SEM is suitable for low-rise buildings in seismic regions of the US, and establishing feasibility is essential to guide research and development toward generating guidance for practitioners. Drawing from the authors’ experience in SEM prototyping and mechanical characterization, this paper presents an analytical investigation on the feasibility of using SEM for earthquake-resistant dwellings in the US. A structural analysis and design framework is enlisted to examine the case study of a representative single-story house located in New Madrid (MO), and thus in one of the most seismic-prone areas in the US. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mq4w60z Sat, 24 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Villegas, Laura Matta, Fabio Barbato, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-8191 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88f7z8jp Punjabi Sikh populations often face increased risk for developing chronic conditions, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, as a result of cultural stigmas and barriers to accessing preventative care, leading to worse health outcomes overall. This retroactive observational study focuses on the relationships between blood pressure and blood glucose levels in relation to primary care provider (PCP) visit frequency, preventative care frequency, and past medical history among Punjabi Sikh populations within religious temples in Sacramento County, while receiving care from the Bhagat Puran Singh Ji Health Initiative. Results from this study revealed a substantial frequency of those diagnosed with chronic health conditions, with a majority of patients not visiting their PCP or receiving regular preventative care examinations. These results can be analyzed with the consideration of socioeconomic and cultural factors unique to our patient population. The results of this study emphasize... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88f7z8jp Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Khangura, Maya Maiyuran, Nishani Dhaliwal, Baljeet Rizwan, Mahnoor Pandita, Prisha Kaur, Chehakdeep Singh, Raj Sharma, Vanshica Sahu, Anwesh Singh, Armaan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54k841qw Punjabi Sikh populations often face increased risk for developing chronic conditions, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, as a result of cultural stigmas and barriers to accessing preventative care, leading to worse health outcomes overall. This retroactive observational study focuses on the relationships between blood pressure and blood glucose levels in relation to primary care provider (PCP) visit frequency, preventative care frequency, and past medical history among Punjabi Sikh populations within religious temples in Sacramento County, while receiving care from the Bhagat Puran Singh Ji Health Initiative. Results from this study revealed a substantial frequency of those diagnosed with chronic health conditions, with a majority of patients not visiting their PCP or receiving regular preventative care examinations. These results can be analyzed with the consideration of socioeconomic and cultural factors unique to our patient population. The results of this study emphasize... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54k841qw Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Khangura, Maya Maiyuran, Nishani Pandita, Prisha Singh, Raj Sahu, Anwesh Singh, Armaan Dhaliwal, Baljeet Sharma, Vanshica Rizwan, Mahnoor Kaur, Chehakdeep https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p75r165 <strong>Punjabi Sikh populations often face increased risk for developing chronic conditions, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, as a result of cultural stigmas and barriers to accessing preventative care, leading to worse health outcomes overall. This retroactive observational study focuses on the relationships between blood pressure and blood glucose levels in relation to primary care provider (PCP) visit frequency, preventative care frequency, and past medical history among Punjabi Sikh populations within religious temples in Sacramento County, while receiving care from the Bhagat Puran Singh Ji Health Initiative. Results from this study revealed a substantial frequency of those diagnosed with chronic health conditions, with a majority of patients not visiting their PCP or receiving regular preventative care examinations. These results can be analyzed with the consideration of socioeconomic and cultural factors unique to our patient population. The results of this study... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p75r165 Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Khangura, Maya Maiyuran, Nishani Pandita, Prisha Singh, Raj Kaur, Chehakdeep Rizwan, Mahnoor Dhaliwal, Baljeet Sharma, Vanshica Sahu, Anwesh Singh, Armaan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q03v56d Systematic Review: Nutritional Interventions in Muscle Diseases https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q03v56d Thu, 22 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vedantam, Deepanjali Talreja, Taanya Bandarupalli, Pranathi Salis, Sheryl Lupeika, Debra Maclean, Ashley Cheng, Karen Liewluck, Teerin Nagendra, Lakshmi Gupta, Latika https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vw187qw Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is essential for RAS-driven transformation. To directly investigate the role of oncogenic K-Ras binding to PI3K in development and tumorigenesis, we generated KrasG12D/+,Y64G/+ mice that express, from the endogenous locus, a K-Ras oncoprotein that also contains a “second site” amino acid substitution at tyrosine 64 (Y64G) that disrupts the interaction between oncogenic K-Ras and PI3K. Surprisingly, KrasG12D,Y64G mice are viable, fertile, and phenotypically unremarkable, although they are born at a lower than expected Mendelian frequency (26% versus the expected 50% on a C57BL/6 strain background). As opposed to the enhanced proliferative rate observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from K-RasG12D mice, KrasG12D,Y64G MEFs exhibit wild-type rates of proliferation. Detailed analysis of the hematopoietic compartment in KrasG12D,Y64G mice reveals a reduced proportion of long-term hematopoietic stem cells,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vw187qw Thu, 22 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wong, Jasmine C Perez-Mancera, Pedro A Kim, Jangkyung Jen, Kuang-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-5912 Kogan, Scott C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-8479 Firestone, Ari J Collisson, Eric A Tuveson, David A Shannon, Kevin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sn3f3g8 Publisher Correction: Microbiota-derived 10-hydroxystearic acid activates PPARα to restore gut epithelial barrier integrity and enhance anti-retroviral therapy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sn3f3g8 Thu, 22 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kramer, Dylan Santos Rocha, Clarissa Gaulke, Christopher A Nearing, Marie Sankaran-Walters, Sumathi Loque, Ikaika Kidigannappa, Anugraha Pham, Eric Hu, Shuang Wanakumjorn, Patrawin Abbattista, Ramona Dandekar, Abhaya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7925-4086 Faller, Roland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-3846 Dandekar, Satya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-8028 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d50n1gb A second site <i>Kras^G12D</i> mutation that impairs PI3K binding rescues embryonic lethality, abrogates myeloproliferative disease, and delays lung tumorigenesis. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d50n1gb Thu, 22 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wong, Jasmine C Perez-Mancera, Pedro A Kim, Jangkyung Jen, Kuang-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-5912 Kogan, Scott C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-8479 Firestone, Ari J Collisson, Eric A Tuveson, David A Shannon, Kevin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vq682f8 OBJECTIVES: Medical nutrition therapy significantly impacts cardiovascular risk and overall health, but effects on muscle diseases remain unclear. This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of dietary interventions and supplements on muscle disease outcomes. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review registered on PROSPERO. Searches were conducted across multiple databases and screened against pre-specified inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of 107 full-text articles screened, 51 met inclusion criteria. Most identified interventions used dietary supplements rather than whole dietary approaches. In inflammatory myopathies, creatine (loading dose 20 g/day, maintenance 3 g/day) combined with exercise improved high-intensity functional performance in PM and DM over 6 months. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, creatine (2-10 g/day for 8-16 weeks) improved maximal voluntary contraction and fatigue resistance. Carbohydrate-rich diets (65% CHO)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vq682f8 Thu, 22 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Talreja, Taanya Vedantam, Deepanjali Bandarupalli, Pranathi Nagendra, Lakshmi Salis, Sheryl Cheng, Karen Liewluck, Teerin Lupeika, Debra MacLean, Ashley Gupta, Latika https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wr6z1rh BACKGROUND: Evaluation of current antimicrobial prescribing practices can inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Our primary objective was to describe current antibiotic prescribing practice in veterinary schools. ANIMALS: Medical records from 1800 animals (1403 dogs, 397 cats) at 31 US and Canadian veterinary schools were included. METHODS: Hospitals collected data from medical records of animals evaluated on a single date in August 2022. Data included patient signalment, hospitalization status, clinical condition(s), diagnostic testing, antibiotics prescribed, route of administration, evidence of infection, and intended use. RESULTS: Overall, 30.4% (95% CI, 28.3%-32.6%) of animals (32.0% of dogs, 24.9% of cats) were prescribed an antibiotic. The most common conditions for which antibiotics were prescribed were surgical (27.3%, 191/699), urinary (11.9%, 83/699), and respiratory (11.6%, 81/699). The most prescribed classes of antibiotics included aminopenicillins... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wr6z1rh Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Clark, Hayley Bollig, Emma R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-3208 Beaudoin, Amanda L https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2808-9471 Fellman, Claire L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-3372 Allano, Marion https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9843-5384 Atiee, Genna F https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7770-4848 Blois, Shauna L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-4617 Blong, April E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-6916 Brookshire, Wilson Cooper https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-8388 Burgess, Brandy A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-3395 Cohen, Andrew J https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4957-745X Cohn, Leah A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-2696 Cole, Stephen D Collier, Allison J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-5747 Curran, Kaitlin M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-9727 DeMars, Paul Droog, Madeline Forbes, Jethro M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-5969 Fox, Dionne Frey, Erin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-525X Gochenauer, Alexandria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-4192 Guptill, Lynn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-4298 Hartley, Ashley N https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1553-1026 Johnston, Andrea N https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-1155 King, Christy A https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9894-0386 KuKanich, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-3284 LeCuyer, Tessa E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-8850 Letendre, Jo-Annie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-5646 Menard, Julie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-2466 Meyers, Kelley https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0098-9820 Paul, Lisa Perkins, Andrea V https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1685-4575 Redding, Laurel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-1202 Santoro, Domenico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-4289 Stein, Madeleine R https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-9545 Sykes, Jane E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-9835 Carr, Susan Venn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-1790 Viviano, Katrina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-1306 Daniels, Joshua B https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0034-2128 Granick, Jennifer L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8330-3848 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q31839h Abstract A multi-agency succession of field campaigns was conducted in southeastern Texas during July 2021 through October 2022 to study the complex interactions of aerosols, clouds and air pollution in the coastal urban environment. As part of the Tracking Aerosol Convection interactions Experiment (TRACER), the TRACER- Air Quality (TAQ) campaign the Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE) and the Convective Cloud Urban Boundary Layer Experiment (CUBE), a combination of ground-based supersites and mobile laboratories, shipborne measurements and aircraft-based instrumentation were deployed. These diverse platforms collected high-resolution data to characterize the aerosol microphysics and chemistry, cloud and precipitation micro- and macro-physical properties, environmental thermodynamics and air quality-relevant constituents that are being used in follow-on analysis and modeling activities. We present the overall deployment setups,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q31839h Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jensen, Michael P Flynn, James H Gonzalez-Cruz, Jorge E Judd, Laura M Kollias, Pavlos Kuang, Chongai McFarquhar, Greg M Powers, Heath Ramamurthy, Prathap Sullivan, John Aiken, Allison C Alvarez, Sergio L Argay, Peter Argrow, Brian Bell, Tyler M Boyer, Doug Brooks, Sarah D Bruning, Eric C Brunner, Kelcy Butterworth, Brian Calmer, Radiance Cappa, Christopher D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-3368 Chakrabarty, Rajan K Chandrasekar, V Chao, Chun-Ying Chen, Bo China, Swarup Collins, Don R Collis, Scott M Crowell, Sean Porto, Rachael Dal Boer, Gijs de Deng, Min Dexheimer, Darielle Drager, Aryeh J Du, Xuanlin Dubey, Manvendra K Dzambo, Andrew M Etten-Bohm, Montana Fan, Jiwen Farley, Ryan Feng, Ya-Chien Feng, Yan Fenn, Marta Ferrare, Richard E Flusche, Samuel Fridlind, Ann M Galewsky, Joseph Gamarro, Harold Gardner, Samuel Ghate, Virendra P Giangrande, Scott E Griffin, Robert J Griggs, Travis Gronoff, Guillaume P Grover, Maxwell Gaugenti, Meghan Guo, Fangzhou Gupta, Siddhant Hu, Jiaxi Huang, Yongjie Jackson, Robert C Hair, Jonathan W Johnson, Karen L Kasparoglu, Sabin Klein, Petra Kotsakis, Alexander E Kumar, Joshin Kumjian, Matthew R Lamer, Katia Lappin, Francesca M Lei, Ziying Li, Jing Li, Ron Li, Yuezhi Logan, Timothy Lombardo, Kelly Luke, Edward P Mages, Zackary Matthews, Alyssa A Matthews, Brianna H Mayol-Bracero, Olga Matsui, Toshihisa McKeown, Katherine E Mehra, Manisha Mei, Fan Meskidzhe, Nicholas Nguyen, Cuong Nielsen, Erik R Nowotarski, Christopher J Oaks, David Oktem, Rusen Oue, Mariko Park, Jungmin M Partida, Nadia Patil, Suarabh Pena, Jean Carlos Petters, Markus D Phoenix, Daniel B Puthserry, Joseph V https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kh8903f RATIONALE: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly recognized as critical drivers of disparities in epilepsy care, yet systematic approaches to identifying and addressing social needs in clinical settings remain limited. The IMPACT Epilepsy Consortium conducted pilot surveys to characterize SDOH challenges faced by people with epilepsy (PwE) and the perspectives of clinicians who provide epilepsy care. METHODS: Two REDCap‑based digital surveys were distributed nationally: one to healthcare providers across epilepsy specialties and another to PwE and caregivers. Surveys assessed perceived social needs, barriers to care, screening practices, and lived experiences relevant to SDOH. RESULTS: A total of 113 epilepsy providers and 112 community respondents participated. Providers most commonly identified transportation limitations, rural residence, behavioral health needs, and financial instability as key barriers affecting epilepsy care. Screening for social needs was... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kh8903f Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Reyes, Anny Olenec, Meredith E Williams, Jonathan P Felton, Elizabeth Lubin, Farah D Oyegbile-Childi, Temitayo Hermann, Bruce P Kiriakopoulos, Elaine T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dr3q49b Global food production relies heavily on fossil-energy-derived nitrogen (N) fertiliser, creating a structural vulnerability to energy and geopolitical shocks. Disruptions rapidly raise fertiliser costs, threaten food production, and disproportionately affect smallholders and import-dependent countries. This paper argues that nitrogen is no longer only an agronomic input or an emissions problem, but a strategic vulnerability at the intersection of food, energy, and soil security. We review what is established in nitrogen science, where uncertainties remain, and why technical knowledge has not translated into enduring improvements in nitrogen productivity. We then propose a leverage-based research and policy agenda: buffering current systems against shocks, improving nitrogen flows within existing production systems, changing feedbacks and incentives, restructuring nutrient and energy pathways, and ultimately redefining agricultural goals around sustained production under lower... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dr3q49b Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Minasny, Budiman Field, Damien J Cherubin, Maurício Roberto Grandy, A Stuart Ladha, Jagdish K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-5379 McBratney, Alex B Ng, Wartini Setia, Raj Zhang, Peng https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b93w31q Exploring Barriers to Performing Abortion Past 24 Weeks Among California Abortion Providers https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b93w31q Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 DiCenzo, Natalie Donnelly, Katie Gosdin, Melissa Creinin, Mitchell https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-8180 Chen, Melissa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9047n99c Abstract Introduction Sleep initiation and maintenance difficulties are highly prevalent in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and contribute to impaired daytime functioning, behavioral dysregulation, caregiver sleep loss, and reduced quality of life. Sleep disruption may exacerbate neurobiological dysfunction through alteration of neurotransmitter systems and inflammatory pathways. Despite the clinical significance, commonly used sleep agents-such as melatonin, clonidine, gabapentin, and trazodone- are often ineffective in this population, and evidence supporting newer sleep medications in NDDs remains sparse. Methods A prospective evaluation was conducted for 2 clinic patients with documented NDDs and chronic sleep impairment who were treated with newer sleep-targeting therapies. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to quantify changes in sleep quality. Results Case 1: A 24-year-old male with Dravet syndrome (SCN1A mutation) developed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9047n99c Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Usama, Muhammad Janda, Alyson Wombles, Christina Skinner, Holly Oyegbile-Chidi, Temitayo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rd2s07x While legacy higher-chlorinated PCBs are widely accepted to be developmental neurotoxicants that cause cognitive deficits, virtually nothing is known about the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) potential of lower-chlorinated (LC) PCBs. Additionally, the influence of metabolism on DNT outcomes is largely unknown despite evidence that toxicity can vary between parent congeners and their metabolites. To address these critical gaps, we examined behavioral outcomes in juvenile mice exposed to PCB 11, a prevalent LC-PCB, at 0, 0.1, 1 or 6mg/kg/d in the maternal diet throughout gestation and lactation. Behavior was compared between mice with distinct cytochrome P450 (CYP) profiles: wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J, Cyp2abfgs gene cluster knockout (CYP-Null), and CYP-Null that express human CYP2A6 (2A6-Hum). PCB 11 increased body weight in WT pups and CYP-Null and 2A6-Hum dams but did not alter other indices of maternal and pup toxicity. PCB 11 reduced ultrasonic vocalizations in WT and 2A6-Hum... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rd2s07x Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wilson, Rebecca J Roach, Crystal M Mendieta, Rosalia Valenzuela, Anthony E Tsai, Yi-Hua Li, Xueshu Ding, Xinxin Lehmler, Hans-Joachim Lein, Pamela J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-7584 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6h42j9hp Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) comprise a family of electrophysiological responses that follow acoustic stimulation from the auditory nerve and brainstem to thalamocortical and association networks. Their interpretive value lies in the combination of millisecond temporal resolution and hierarchical sensitivity: early responses mainly index the fidelity and timing of ascending sensory conduction, whereas later responses increasingly depend on cortical context, attention, prediction, and behavioral relevance. This review develops a state-aware framework for interpreting AEPs during wakefulness, natural sleep, pharmacologic sedation, general anesthesia, and impaired consciousness. We first describe the ascending auditory pathway and relate approximate latency ranges to distributed neural generators. We then examine how attention and task engagement modify early cortical processing; how non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep preserve some forms of acoustic analysis... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6h42j9hp Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhou, Zhibin Singh, Nayana Padilla, Miguel Goehl, Kevin Liu, Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-7131 Weitzel, Nathaen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6847c17x Characterizing Sleep Architecture and Its Effects on Cognition in New-Onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6847c17x Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Oyegbile-Chidi, Temitayo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61c6v1rn Epidemiological studies have identified the developing brain as a target of concern for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In animal models, behavioral deficits caused by developmental exposure to PCBs have been associated with altered patterns of dendritic arborization in functionally relevant brain regions. In vitro studies revealed that PCB 95 promoted dendritic growth in primary rat hippocampal neuron-glia co-cultures via ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1)-dependent Ca²⁺ signaling. However, it is not yet known whether RYR1 dysregulation contributes to disruption of dendritic morphogenesis in the intact developing brain or whether PCB 95 affects translationally relevant behavioral endpoints in juvenile animals. To address these data gaps, we assessed Morris water maze (MWM) performance and dendritic arborization of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in C57BL/6 mice heterozygous for the human R163C-<i>RYR1</i> gain-of-function mutation (HET) and congenic wildtype (WT) littermates... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61c6v1rn Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Barnhart, Christopher D Wilson, Rebecca J Sethi, Sunjay Chen, Hao Truong, Kim M Kania-Korwel, Izabela Lehmler, Hans-Joachim Pessah, Isaac N Lein, Pamela J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-7584 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zs1c988 Care Utilization and Outcomes for Pregnancy of Unknown Location Patients Requiring Additional Treatment After Mifepristone and Misoprostol Use https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zs1c988 Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Sally Creinin, Mitchell https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-8180 Flynn, Anne https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5br2f84j Introduction Hemodynamic fluctuation during the induction of general anesthesia is a common event and adversely affect patients’ outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of different anesthesia induction agents: propofol, etomidate, and propofol-etomidate combination on patient hemodynamics and processed electroencephalography (EEG). Material and methods Seventy-five patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to three groups of anesthesia induction agents: the group P received 2 mg/kg propofol, the group E received 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, and the group PE received the combination of 1mg/kg propofol plus 0.15mg/kg etomidate. Hemodynamic variables and processed EEG were measured during induction. Results Heart rate (HR) was significantly increased at intubation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5br2f84j Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Yun Lu, Wenze Li, David Zhou, Jon Applegate, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4549 Liu, Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-7131 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55w9201p Health disparities are increasingly important considerations in clinical practice and public health initiatives. Health disparities and health equity research methods are under-utilized in research design, analysis, and dissemination in pediatric neurology. This article highlights our collective experience in organizing a 1-hour workshop on "Applying a Health Equity Lens to Pediatric Neurology Research" at the 54th Annual Child Neurology Society Meeting. The topics covered included (1) use of theories, models, and frameworks from dissemination and implementation science for health equity; (2) community engagement and qualitative research methods in health equity research; (3) recruitment of representative populations in research studies; (4) social determinants of health, data collection tools, and indices used in research; and (5) integrating health equity research into a research career. This article describes session content and summarizes participant survey data. It also provides... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55w9201p Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kirkpatrick, Laura Dy-Hollins, Marisela E Cole, Jordan Janae Yang, Jennifer H https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-7210 Ayoub, Maya C Oyegbile-Chidi, Temitayo Hunter, Senyene https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49f7d55x Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if health sciences library workers were aware of informed consent best practices and standards for the publication of medical images and if they incorporated the recommendations into their professional work. Methods: A survey was developed by the authors to determine awareness and incorporation of informed consent best practices and standards for the publication of medical images. The survey was distributed via listservs of professional librarian associations in the United States. The results of the survey were tabulated in RStudio. Fisher's Exact Test was carried out to determine if awareness of informed consent influenced job responsibilities. Results: A total of 91 respondents were included in the data analysis with all respondents reporting multiple responsibilities (instructional, collections, and/or digital initiatives). While the majority of library workers (59%) were aware of the best practices and standards, few... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49f7d55x Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McClung, Sarah Stark, Rachel Keiko DeArmond, Megan Koshy-Chenthittayil, Sherli https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gw7j15g Political speeches are typically viewed as mobilizing democratic participation, yet research shows elite political rhetoric—particularly when it contains hate speech—may contribute to societal harm. Our study extends this line of research by investigating the association between hate speech and societal violence from a temporal perspective in the context of U.S. presidential campaigns. We examined the extent to which hate speech was associated with crime incidents across the 2 weeks following a campaign address, spanning multiple crime categories. We found that hate speech was positively and significantly associated with hate crime, property crime, crimes against society, and overall crime, but not with violent crime. These patterns suggest spillover effects of hate speech beyond hate-motivated violence. The association with hate crime emerged after a short delay, whereas associations with other crime categories were more persistent over time. Our study advances understanding... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gw7j15g Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liang, Zhengyi Sandoval-Valdez, Joel Cho, Jaeho Jiang, Xinya Chen, Zhicong https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37086959 Abstract RATIONALE: The link between wildfire smoke exposure and acute respiratory exacerbations is clear. However, the long-term effects of exposure to wildfire smoke are not well-understood. Having persistent respiratory symptoms is a marker of impaired respiratory health that is associated with the development of chronic lung disease decades later. We hypothesize that wildfire smoke exposure is associated with persistent respiratory symptoms, informing risk of future chronic lung disease. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of adult respondents in WHAT-NOW, a cohort study of people living in Northern California during the 2018 Camp Wildfire. Daily smoke-driven PM2.5 was estimated for each participant based on their home address using a machine learning model incorporating a regional air quality model, ground-based monitoring, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth, and meteorological parameters. We examined the association between mean neighborhood PM2.5 during the wildfire... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37086959 Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, GY-H https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-4231 Raffuse, S Gigoyan, L Alaniz, M Kenyon, NJ Kalhan, R Hertz-picciotto, I https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33n9x4xc Introduction: Animals with intentional genomic alterations (IGAs) hold promise for meeting increasing worldwide demand for animal-source proteins. As part of regulatory risk assessment for introducing animals with IGAs into the food chain, monitoring commensal bacterial microbiota is recommended due to concern that antimicrobial resistance genes used during IGA selection could be transferred, via horizontal gene transfer, to gastrointestinal or environmental bacterial populations, potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in commensal bacteria isolated from fecal samples of GalSafe™ pigs that have an IGA that includes the aminoglycoside resistance gene <i>nptII</i>. Methods: Antimicrobial resistance rates observed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> isolated from GalSafe™ pigs were compared to resistance rates observed in conventional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33n9x4xc Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 LeCuyer, Tessa E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-8850 Monahan, Jeffrey Farrell, Kayla Adams, Kent Walters, Anneke McClendon, Diamond Fox, Alexandra Bianchi, John R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32r0w10b Abstract Air pollution is associated with not only respiratory but also neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While underlying mechanisms remain unclear, the lung–brain axis has been proposed as a potential pathway in which pulmonary inflammation triggered by air pollution promotes systemic inflammation, which in turn triggers neuroinflammation to promote AD pathogenesis. This study defines chronic effects of ambient traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and the contribution of TRAP-derived particulate matter (PM) vs gases, on peripheral inflammation in a transgenic rat model of AD. Female and male TgF344-AD rats that overexpress human AD risk genes were exposed for 3 months to TRAP drawn directly from a major freeway tunnel in Northern California, USA and delivered in real-time to animals housed in an exposure facility adjacent to the tunnel. Animals were exposed to filtered air, unfractionated TRAP (PM + Gas), or TRAP fractionated into PM-only or gas-only... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32r0w10b Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Park, Heui Hye Cheng, Mei-Yun Valenzuela, Anthony E Domanico, Morgan C Wallis, Christopher Ikeda, Allyson Sanchez, Lourdes Ehrlich, Allison Reader, Rachel Chandrasekaran, Vidya Wexler, Anthony S Bein, Keith J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-2951 Lein, Pamela J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-7584 Van Winkle, Laura S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-4446 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30k9643v Rethinking discovery in soil science with artificial intelligence https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30k9643v Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ladha, JK https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-5379 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vg3b97p Enhancing Pandemic Control in a Decentralized Federation https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vg3b97p Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ares, Francois Castonguay, Francois M Fischer, Carolyn Herrmann, Markus Sanchirico, James N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-3136 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r59n98t Are melatonin, sleep, and neurologic disorders connected? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r59n98t Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Oyegbile-Chidi, Temitayo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ns0691h This Committee Statement provides evidence-informed, person-centered guidance to optimize the identification, evaluation, management, and removal of deep and nonpalpable contraceptive implants. This guidance applies to clinicians removing the implants themselves or facilitating timely referral for removal. Appropriate referral includes a Center of Experience in the U.S. or similar tertiary experts outside the U.S. We discuss preventing the need for deep and nonpalpable implant removal by following proper subdermal placement techniques. When approaching removal of deep and nonpalpable implants, we recommend following a standardized protocol that addresses localization, positioning, marking the contraceptive implant location and measuring the depth, the necessary instruments, and removal techniques. When removing multi-rod contraceptive implants, we recommend that clinicians confirm both the number and location of the rods and adjust their removal approach accordingly. Finally,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ns0691h Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Castaño, Paula M Creinin, Mitchell D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-8180 Eisenberg, David L Hathaway, Mark Hofler, Lisa G Qasba, Neena Sonalkar, Sarita Steward, Rachel Committee, on behalf of the Clinical Affairs https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k92s1k0 OBJECTIVE: While most people in the United States obtain abortion care in outpatient settings, such facilities may limit care for some individuals because of a variety of conditions. The situations when abortion care cannot be obtained in the outpatient setting have not been evaluated, leaving a deficit in understanding the need for hospital-based abortion care. METHODS: We obtained outpatient abortion facility care protocols from the Society of Family Planning #We Count project, which, in January 2024, invited participating organizations with outpatient physical facilities to share their protocols for determining when patients were unable to be cared for in their facility(ies). Using summative content analysis, we identified health conditions for which a patient could be deemed ineligible, organizing individual conditions thematically and, as appropriate, by organ system. RESULTS: We analyzed 20 unique protocols. Protocols delineated ineligibility for temporary conditions (e.g.,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k92s1k0 Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kimport, Katrina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7472-3074 Chen, Melissa J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-5614 Creinin, Mitchell D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-8180 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bx470qn Internal wood deterioration is a leading cause of structural failure in urban trees, threatening the ecosystem services and public safety benefits that street trees provide, yet its prevalence and underlying drivers remain poorly understood across cities and species. To address this gap, we used resistance drilling (Resistograph) to assess internal deterioration in 323 street trees spanning seven species across three cities in the United States, Sacramento, California; Raleigh, North Carolina; and New Orleans, Louisiana. Approximately one in three trees showed evidence of deterioration in at least one drilling profile, indicating that internal deterioration is a common condition in urban tree populations, despite the absence of outward signs of damage. Using AICbased model comparison, we found that city of origin was the strongest predictor of deterioration prevalence, with trees in New Orleans showing higher deterioration probability than those in Sacramento. We attribute this... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bx470qn Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cinto Mejía, E Willaredt, M Ossola, A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-6026 Meineke, EK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-4233 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08z474qp Dry microbial biostimulants offer a convenient and sustainable approach to enhancing crop health and yield. However, their efficacy is limited by the challenge of stabilizing microbes into dry products because scalable dehydration methods such as spray drying impose substantial thermal and osmotic stresses that often result in substantial viability losses. In this work, metal-phenolic network (MPN) coatings were applied to Klebsiella michiganensis M5al, a Gram-negative, plant-beneficial bacteria, prior to spray drying to enable their survival during the rapid thermal dehydration process. Uncoated cells lost 5.0 ± 0.21 log viability during spray drying, whereas tannic-acid-iron coatings reduced this loss to 3.2 ± 0.34 log with a streamlined, single-coat process, and 2.1 ± 0.47 log with a two-coat process. Furthermore, phenolics present in water extracts of spent coffee grounds (SCG) were shown to form MPNs with protective performance comparable to those formed from purified tannic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08z474qp Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Makeev, Emily M Carciofi, Bruno AM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9233-0984 Jeoh, Tina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0727-4237 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c23k246 <p>Sentences with plural expressions can be interpreted either <em>collectively</em> (where a group acts as a whole) or <em>distributively</em> (where each individual member acts independently). Distributive interpretations are often considered more complex (or harder), requiring additional syntactic and/or semantic computation. According to the <em>complexity hypothesis</em>, children with linguistic and cognitive processing limitations, such as those with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), may find these interpretations particularly challenging. This study examines how Spanish-speaking children with DLD interpret ambiguous doubly quantified sentences that allow both collective and distributive readings, comparing their performance to typically developing (TD) peers. We analyzed access to distributive readings and interpretive preferences across development in children aged 5–12 years. Children with DLD were able to access both readings, and both groups showed similar overall... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c23k246 Tue, 20 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ponciano, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-0518 Castroviejo, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-1214 Etxeberria, Urtzi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6560-1614 Vicente, Agustín https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-5546 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mh3j5sf Plastic pollution, with its origins in the production of petrochemical products, is pervasive worldwide and significantly abundant in the global oceans. Plastics are slow to deteriorate and have already been identified in the fossil record, sitting in geological time. Ocean currents and marine winds determine where and how plastics accumulate and where these effects are concentrated. This article takes the pervasiveness of plastics in marine environments as marine violence as a point of departure, and it contributes a critical lens on marine science research that bridges the fields of marine science, environmental justice, and the blue humanities. By reflecting on a case study of marine science research on pollution and accountability led by Therese M. Karlsson on the west coast of Sweden and also the site-specific artistic research practice of poetry writing in the same study area, this article argues that the ways Karlsson et al. carry out their research in their case study... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mh3j5sf Tue, 20 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Weeks, Maya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2j625548 <p>How the formation and breakup of supercontinents drive environmental shifts remains a fundamental question, but piecemeal deep-time records prevent an answer based on observations. Here we present the first simulation of an Earth-like planet integrating geodynamics, climate, and surface processes to assess how solid Earth dynamics regulate environmental change. We show that mantle flow governs surface conditions through two coupled pathways: true polar wander (TPW) and seafloor spreading rate. During supercontinent assembly, a large-scale mantle flow draws continents together and, through TPW, aggregates the landmasses toward the equator, while seafloor production decreases and the seafloor ages. The larger tropical land area increases planetary albedo and continental weatherability, while reduced seafloor spreading lowers mantle degassing; together these effects suggest a cooling of the atmosphere while the mantle warms. During breakup, the switch to smaller-scale mantle flow... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2j625548 Fri, 16 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Coltice, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-414X ARNOULD, Maëlis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9442-2495 Husson, Laurent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-9074 Leonard, Jonathon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-5836 Martin, Marie https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4881-3233 Pellissier, Loïc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2289-8259 Rogger, Julian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-1861 Salles, Tristan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-7689 Zahirovic, Sabin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-4976 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38c001js Hybridization between species can contribute to parallel adaptive events. However, the prevalence of introgression is rarely measured across multiple species, meaning that it is rarely integrated with landscape-scale processes or connected to adaptive repeatability. Here we analyzed whole-genome resequencing data from 639 accessions representing 48 <i>Vitis</i> species. <i>Vitis</i> is notable for the domesticated grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>), multiple economically important North American species, and as an example of a temperate adaptive radiation. We reconstructed individual- and species-level phylogenetic frameworks for the genus and performed population genetic analyses for 19 species. The analyses uncovered widespread evidence of introgression, comprising ~14% of the average <i>Vitis</i> genome. Introgression was associated with the geographic distribution between species, and highly admixed individuals were more frequently found near ecological niche margins. Genetic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38c001js Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Tianpeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-8377 Fiscus, Christopher J Landis, Jacob B Cochetel, Noé Morales-Cruz, Abraham Cantu, Dario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-1508 Aguirre-Liguori, Jonás A Gaut, Brandon S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-5556 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29q725k5 Following the specified legalization of cannabis products in California, the cannabis industry has quickly grown as new products enter the market and offer various ways for consumers to experience the psychoactive effects of cannabinoids. Edible cannabis products, in particular, have become increasingly popular as they are easily accessible, discreet, and produce a longer-lasting psychoactive effect than smoking cannabis. The Sacramento County District Attorney’s Office Laboratory of Forensic Services does not currently have a validated method for analyzing cannabis edible evidence. The laboratory hopes to add a method for extracting Δ9-THC from edibles to its Controlled Substances Unit’s (CSU) technical manual. For this study, pre-existing Δ9-THC extraction methods from external sources were compiled and evaluated for their effectiveness, extraction cleanliness, and compatibility with the materials available in the CSU. Five procedures were gathered, including a QuEChERS-based... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/29q725k5 Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Olivia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jw4k6d5 Simple algorithm for evaluating SU(2) non-abelian geometric phase in the vicinity of molecular conical intersection of odd electron number https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jw4k6d5 Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Song, Chenchen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-2253 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zt9c241 This dissertation explores the literary, historical, and philosophical connections between Michel de Montaigne's Essays and Friedrich Nietzsche's works of the middle period. In two sections that focus on Nietzsche and Montaigne respectively, I explore the complementary elements of their thinking on education, the nature of individual experience and interpersonal dynamics, and the literary innovations they use to express and communicate these ideas. Each writer proposes an individualist approach to self-understanding and knowledge that nevertheless leaves space for productive educational and intellectual relationships in addition to the creation of a deeper and more authentic form of self. This study offers new ways of thinking about the relationship between Montaigne and Nietzsche's works and Montaigne's influence on Nietzsche's "joyous" way of thinking and living, as well as implications for pedagogy and educational dynamics in the contemporary classroom. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zt9c241 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Konick-Seese, Jeremy Leon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zg8469z Rice production relies heavily on tillage for seedbed preparation, crop establishment, and residue management. However, reducing tillage may decrease production costs, conserve soil moisture, and provide greater flexibility in the timing of field operations. Despite these potential benefits, the effects of reduced tillage on rice productivity remain uncertain, particularly in flooded rice systems. This dissertation evaluated the agronomic effects of reduced tillage in rice at both global and regional scales and examined alternative tillage and establishment systems for California rice production.The first study used a global meta-analysis of 115 studies and 579 paired observations to quantify rice yield responses to no-till (NT) relative to conventional tillage (CT) and identify conditions associated with improved NT performance. Across studies, NT reduced rice yield by 4.8%. Soil organic carbon, N fertilizer rate, soil pH, and clay content were among the most important factors... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zg8469z Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Godbey, Mia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sb8d8rx Genetic variation provides the material for evolution, but the variation available to evolutionary processes is itself shaped by biological mechanisms. Mutations determine how genetic differences enter populations, while regulatory systems determine how those differences are expressed. In this dissertation, I use Arabidopsis thaliana to examine these two stages: the generation of genetic variation through mutation and the translation of genetic differences into gene expression plasticity.I investigate the genetic architecture of transcriptomic plasticity in response to salicylic acid using a recombinant inbred population. Although the parental accessions exhibited similar transcriptional responses, their recombinant progeny showed extensive transgressive segregation, with most expression quantitative trait loci acting in trans. These results reveal substantial regulatory variation hidden beneath similar parental phenotypes and suggest that trans-regulatory contributions to plasticity... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sb8d8rx Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lensink, Mariele Elizabeth https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s6631xd Wildfire is an important ecological disturbance in California that occurs in forested, urban and suburban areas. These fires generate biochar and other partially burned plant materials capable of entering urban and suburban aquatic environments. However, little is known about how biochar may interact with mosquitoes that utilize these aquatic habitats for reproduction. This thesis investigated the effects of wood derived biochar on Aedes aegypti across multiple stages of the mosquito life cycle, from oviposition site selection to larval development and adult physiology, while also examining changes in the microbial communities of larval rearing water. The first chapter reviews the current understanding of Aedes aegypti oviposition behavior and the sensory and environmental cues that influence female selection of oviposition sites. This review provides a framework for understanding how changes in aquatic habitat characteristics may alter oviposition behavior and highlights... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s6631xd Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rodrigues, Nicole S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s6154jg This dissertation examines psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) as an emerging and unsettled field of care in which suffering, meaning, and altered states of consciousness are being organized across clinical, ceremonial, decriminalized, and underground settings. Drawing on sixty in-depth qualitative interviews with facilitators and patients, it argues that psychedelic healing cannot be understood through pharmacology or acute experience alone, but must be situated within the social, relational, and structural conditions that shape whether transformation becomes durable, distorted, or impossible to sustain. Across three empirical chapters, the project develops the concepts of liminal authority and psychedelic careers to explain how facilitators construct legitimacy and how patients learn to interpret and carry forward meanings from altered-state experiences through dispositional and interpretive resources that are themselves unequally distributed, and extends cultural brokerage literature... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s6154jg Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mason, Joshua James https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rn2d337 The mitochondrion is an organelle that defines the cell's bioenergetic capacity through the generation of ATP. It does this through the maintenance of a proton gradient which is used to power ATP synthase (Complex V). This gradient is generated by the electron transport chain, a series of proton-pumping membrane protein complexes. The electron transport chain forms higher-order structures known as supercomplexes. Supercomplexes are a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotes and an excellent entry point to study eukaryogenesis through the lens of endosymbiotic advantages that supercomplexes may confer. Eukaryotic supercomplexes are large, approximately 1.7 MDa in size, and have many accessory subunits have become structurally significant. Mutational studies are therefore difficult for eukaryotic systems, making bacterial systems a more attractive model system for mutational studies of respiratory supercomplexes. The alphaproteobacterium Paracoccus denitrificans is the only bacterium shown... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rn2d337 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hale, Andrew Diller https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rd0p9bh Electrical activation of the heart is coordinated by the propagation of excitation waves through cardiac tissue. Mathematical models of these processes range from minimal phenomenological models to high-dimensional biophysically detailed ionic models. An important question is which features of traveling wave dynamics are shared across this hierarchy of models and which depend on physiological detail. This dissertation investigates the existence, stability, and bifurcation structure of periodic traveling waves in mathematical models of cardiac tissue to address this question. We compute families of periodic traveling wave solutions and their dispersion relations for the minimal FitzHugh-Nagumo model and the biophysically detailed Beeler-Reuter and ten Tusscher-Panfilov (TP06) models. While all models exhibit the canonical fast and slow wave structure, increasing physiological detail introduces substantial complexity. The TP06 model supports multiple distinct branches of unstable... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rd0p9bh Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lovero, Vincent Louie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mn96763 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex One Health challenge shaped by interactions among food-producing animals, microbial communities, production environments, food products, and humans. Understanding AMR in livestock systems therefore requires consideration not only of antimicrobial use, but also of the ecological processes that maintain resistance, the pathways through which resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) reach human interfaces, and the surveillance approaches used to detect them. This dissertation examines AMR across livestock production, food, environmental, and occupational interfaces using evidence synthesis, metagenomics, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing.Chapter 1 mapped the evidence on occupational exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in U.S. livestock production and associated processing systems. Thirty publications representing 23 study families were identified, with evidence heavily... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mn96763 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Talukder, Sudipta https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jn9944q This study examines participation, performance, and success in Advanced Placement (AP) and Dual Enrollment (DE) at Northern California High School (NC High School, an anonymous school) through an Opportunity to Learn (OTL) and Human Capital Theory (HCT) lens. The study asks: (1) What are the patterns of participation and success in AP (Advanced Placement) and Dual Enrollment (DE) courses, and how do these differ across student subgroups (race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status [SES])? And (2) What is the relationship between students’ prior academic achievement (GPA and standardized test scores) and their performance in AP and DE courses? How do these relationships differ by student characteristics (race/ethnicity, gender, and SES)? This quantitative study relies on administrative records and the analysis combines descriptive statistics and correlational analyses testing relationships and whether they differ across groups. Additionally, identifying gaps in enrollment... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jn9944q Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 NOOR, SAMIR AHMAD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gf867df The development of visual attention during the first year of life represents a critical shift from reflexive, stimulus-driven orienting to flexible, goal-directed control. While decades of research document this transition, the precise mechanisms driving these shifts in looking behavior remain poorly understood. Grounded in dynamic systems and embodied cognition frameworks, this dissertation proposes that infants actively construct a curriculum for statistical learning through their own motor behavior. Each newly acquired motor milestone fundamentally alters the statistical distribution of visual input, continuously recalibrating the infant’s attentional priority map.Across three eye-tracking studies, this work examines how the onset of specific motor milestones—crawling and independent sitting—reshapes both the overt deployment of attention and the covert spatial mechanisms underlying it. The first study investigates the transition to self-locomotion, evaluating how crawling... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gf867df Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nelson, Christian Marie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9f9081nh This dissertation presents a search for pair-produced vector-like quarks in the fully hadronic final state using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS detector during the 2016–2018 data-taking period of LHC Run 2. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 at a center-of-mass collision energy of 13 TeV. The search is interpreted in terms of up-type T quarks and down-type B quarks that decay to third-generation quarks and electroweak or Higgs bosons, with decay modes T → bW, T → tZ, T → tH, B → tW, B → bZ, and B → bH.The analysis targets the high-momentum regime in which hadronically decaying W, Z, and Higgs bosons and top quarks can merge within large-radius jets, while energetic bottom quarks are reconstructed as bottom-like AK8 jets. These jets are classified with the Boosted Event Shape Tagger (BEST), a neural-network tagger that uses boosted-frame event-shapes and jet-substructure information to identify jets as W, Z, Higgs, top, bottom, or... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9f9081nh Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Abbott, Samantha https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94v4w2bx The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general purpose particle detector that is used to record collision products from protons accelerated by CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is the planned upgrade to the LHC that will bring a harsher radiation environment and higher event rates that CMS must be able to withstand. The gaseous electron multiplier (GEM) subsystem upgrade, GE2/1, is currently in the final stage of quality control (QC8), which validates GEM chamber performance using cosmic ray muon tracks. A description of GE2/1 QC8 is provided, which resulted in chamber efficiencies above 95%. Additionally, a search for pair-produced vector-like quarks (VLQs) in all-hadronic final states is presented, using Run 2 CMS data at 13 TeV, where the signal region is composed of four highly boosted jets. The Boosted Event Shape Tagger (BEST) is used to identify the parent particle of each of the four jets in simulated signal and background events, as well... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94v4w2bx Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Barton, Sydney https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94p5m041 This dissertation presents three studies exploring the important role of caregivers in shaping infants’ experiences. Specifically, these studies examine how caregivers shape infants’ attention and learning through coordinated, multimodal interactions—including gaze, gesture, and language—focusing on the temporal and contextual dynamics of these processes. The first chapter of the dissertation provides a general overview of each chapter. Chapter II investigates whether North American caregivers and their 9-month-old infants coordinate their attention by applying the Actor Partner Interdependence Model within a Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling framework. This work adds to a growing literature on the coordination of attention by characterizing joint attention and mutual gaze as emergent outcomes of dynamically coupled interactions. Chapter III focuses on caregivers’ communicative cues by examining whether parents’ pointing and tapping gestures facilitate 6- and 9-month-old infants’... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/94p5m041 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kızıldere, Erim https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91r719ss Modern digital chip design requires repeated optimization decisions across synthesis, timing analysis, and physical implementation. Although reinforcement learning and other machine-learning methods provide promising approaches for exploring large design spaces, applying them to electronic design automation (EDA) requires more than an optimization policy. A practical learning-based system must also provide a stable agent--environment interface, valid design transformations, reproducible task definitions, real backend evaluation, and structured experimental outputs.This thesis presents RL-CHIP-Bench, a benchmark-integrated framework for sequential chip-design optimization with real EDA feedback. The framework separates benchmark control, agent interaction, semantic action representation, backend execution, quality-of-result (QoR) evaluation, reward computation, and artifact logging into modular components. A reinforcement-learning-compatible environment exposes a standardized sequential... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91r719ss Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Yichen https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zf7274m Metal music was introduced and localized in Taiwan under the intersecting conditions of Cold War militarism and Kuomintang authoritarianism in East Asia of the 1980s. Since the 1990s, Taiwanese metal has increasingly been understood as a post-authoritarian and anticolonial expressive form associated with resistance to Kuomintang Chinese nationalism and with Taiwanese cultural and political self-definition. Through the performance and embodiment of heavy metal musical sounds, musicians and audiences construct and negotiate a postcolonial sense of Taiwaneseness. This dissertation complicates celebratory accounts of Taiwanese metal as a straightforward medium of postcolonial resistance by examining how musical activism can simultaneously challenge one form of domination while reproducing others. In particular, I investigate how constructions of Taiwaneseness in metal remain entangled with global Whiteness, Orientalism, Han-centered nationalism, anti-Austronesian racism, and the racialization... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zf7274m Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Feng, Mark Hsiang-Yu https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tn590n8 The California chaparral is a native environment characterized by poor nutrient availability, low precipitation and its propensity to fire. The native plants of this biome have evolved and specialized to these inhospitable conditions, particularly to the normal fire regime. The increase in fire frequency and intensity over the past decades have put a strain on this ecosystem. To mitigate this damage, ecological restoration efforts have been developed. Salvia mellifera is a cornerstone species in this ecosystem, and its restoration efforts are impacted by high out-planting failure rates. To address this situation, this research focused on the identification of Trichoderma species native to this environment and their evaluation as plant growth promoters. This study is the first to focus on the diversity of these beneficial microfungi in the California Chaparral. A total of 30 different species of Trichoderma were found, and 296 isolates were tested as a plant growth promoter for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tn590n8 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sáez Cortez, Felipe Esteban https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t558828 A common side effect of pharmaceutical drugs is an increased propensity for cardiac arrhythmias. Many drugs bind to cardiac ion-channels in a state-specific manner, which alters the ionic conductances in complicated ways, making it difficult to identify the mechanisms underlying pro-arrhythmic drug effects. To better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the diverse effects of state-dependent sodium (Na⁺) channel blockers on cellular excitability, we consider two canonical motifs of drug-ion-channel interactions and compare the effects of Na⁺ channel blockers on the rate-dependence of peak upstroke velocity, conduction velocity, and vulnerable window size. In the literature, both motifs are referred to as "guarded receptor," but here we distinguish between state-specific binding that does not alter channel gating (referred to here as "guarded receptor") and state-specific binding that blocks certain gating transitions ("gate immobilization"). For... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t558828 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Docken, Steffen S Clancy, Colleen E Lewis, Timothy J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sq1g7jx This dissertation uses online and field experiments to study workers' perceptions of and preferences for meaningful work, the mechanisms that impact work meaning, and the mental health benefits of purposeful employment. The first chapter develops a novel online experiment with 387 workers on Prolific to examine how workers perceive and respond to meaningful work. Workers exhibit substantial heterogeneity in both what they find meaningful and the work incentives they seek: roughly 31 percent pursue only monetary incentives, while 57 percent of workers sacrifice up to 14 percent of possible pay (averaging roughly 3 percent) for more meaningful work. I find that meaning-valuing workers increase their productivity on an image-description task when assigned to more meaningful work, while a light-touch awareness intervention raises perceptions of meaning for these workers without shifting underlying incentive preferences. The second chapter investigates two mechanisms through... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sq1g7jx Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Beauregard, Remy Gould https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gr4r5z2 Thermally tunable materials can provide the foundation for reconfigurable electromagnetic devices whose response can be modified without physically changing device geometry. This thesis investigates thermally tunable perovskite-oxide devices based primarily on strontium titanate (STO), a high-permittivity material with investigated temperature-dependent dielectric and optical properties. Electrical biasing of thin-film indium tin oxide (ITO) was used to generate localized Joule heating on STO. This enables controlled changes in material response across the investigated infrared, terahertz, and RF frequency regimes. The thermal platform was first developed and characterized using electrical measurements, thermal imaging, and COMSOL simulations to relate applied bias to sample heating. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) showed a large tunable response in pulse delay and refractive index, demonstrating strong thermal tunability of STO. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gr4r5z2 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Samarah, Ziyad https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dt3b27x Not all genes are essential for plant survival, and understanding which genes can tolerate loss-of-function (LoF) mutations and why offers a powerful lens through which we can study plant adaptation, gene function, and crop improvement. This dissertation develops and applies a framework for genome-wide LoF burden testing across two plant systems, moving from foundational discovery in a model organism to practical application in a globally important crop.The first chapter establishes this framework in Arabidopsis thaliana, where 91,751 naturally occurring LoF variants were identified from public whole-genome sequencing data spanning over 1,000 accessions. LoF-intolerant genes were found to be enriched for active chromatin marks and essential biological functions, while LoF-tolerant genes were disproportionately associated with defense responses, pollen recognition, and other dispensable or environmentally contingent processes. By collapsing independent LoF alleles into gene-level... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dt3b27x Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhao, Kehan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8b77b3nv Blockbuster action movies and video games require eye-capturing destruction effects, and one costly component of a destruction engine is the fracture simulation. In computer graphics, the state of the art for incorporating runtime fracture effects into a scene involves prescoring an object and treating each fractured piece as a rigid body. If sufficient force is applied, the material breaks apart, but the cracks in the object are predetermined. Rather than using prescored bodies, the simulation of fracturing rigid bodies has been improved by implanting a fracture mechanics solver inside of a rigid body simulator which resolves contacts and collisions between rigid bodies. To efficiently propagate cracks in the object, we will employ an emerging element method, the virtual element method (VEM).VEM is an element-based method in which the basis functions are not computed explicitly, and information about a given basis function is only known through its degrees of freedom. Since the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8b77b3nv Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Godkin, Benjamin Makoto https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89f08033 High-performance graph algorithms reside in a rich and combinatorial design space. Given a specific graph problem, there may be numerous algorithmic alternatives and a variety of choices for realizing a chosen algorithm as a software implementation or hardware module. Although these strategies may target the same underlying computation, they are generally treated as algorithmically distinct designs. The choices that separate one implementation from another are tangled together, and we explore them by trial and error. We therefore miss the structure that relates them. The diversity in graph algorithms and implementations creates several challenges: it is difficult to reason about computation patterns common across algorithms; exploring new algorithms and implementation choices requires luck, ingenuity, or both; and exploring optimizations for one implementation often requires significant engineering effort. This dissertation argues that graph algorithms need both a precise... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89f08033 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Odemuyiwa, Toluwanimi Oreoluwa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86h3q0zb As lava cools, it provides new habitats and resources for life. Microbial colonization of newly exposed basalt contributes to weathering and ecosystem development, but we do not know which environmental and spatial factors structure these communities through time. To understand controls of microbial community assembly, we sampled 11 caves formed by basaltic lava flows spanning approximately 34 kyr across northern California and southern Idaho. In each cave, we sampled microbial biofilms and used 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing to identify bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Here we show that microbial community composition in basaltic lava caves is structured hierarchically across spatial scales, with individual cave explaining more variation than lava flow age or biofilm color, while caves within the same lava flow are more similar to one another than caves from different flows. The strong influence of individual cave, together... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86h3q0zb Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Williams, Caden Caroline https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8693r8t5 Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a high-elevation conifer distributed across western North America that provides important ecological functions, including food and habitat for wildlife. The species has declined due to interacting threats from climate change, altered wildfire regimes, mountain pine beetle, and white pine blister rust (WPBR), leading to its listing as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. WPBR, caused by the introduced pathogen Cronartium ribicola, is a major threat to all North American five-needle white pines. For decades, federal and provincial nursery programs have screened inoculated open-pollinated families from candidate maternal trees in common garden trials to characterize genetic resistance. These programs have revealed both qualitative and quantitative resistance in many five-needle white pine species, with substantial evidence of quantitative resistance in whitebark pine. Here, we used the recently published chromosome-scale whitebark... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8693r8t5 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Allen, Brian https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8306x0c5 The building sector in the United States accounts for approximately 40% of total primary energy consumption and 35% of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, with a substantial share of these emissions stemming from on-site fossil fuel combustion for space and domestic water heating. Numerous studies have shown that replacing conventional fossil-fuel based heating systems with high-efficiency electric alternatives reduces both building energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Among water heating systems, storage-type systems have drawn particular attention for their inherent thermal energy storage (TES) capability, which allows hot water to be stored in the tank for later use. This capability decouples heat generation from hot water consumption, enabling water heating to be scheduled to meet operational objectives such as minimizing electricity, cost, reducing energy consumption, or shifting electrical demand to periods of high renewable generation or low carbon intensity.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8306x0c5 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ndigaya, Nathalie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81p670n2 In this dissertation, we aimed to understand how to understand the specific mechanisms by which tremor effects motor adaptation. The driving hypothesis of the project was that externally-generated pathological tremor impairs the ability to distinguish errors that require corrections while internally-generated tremor (e.g. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Essential Tremor (ET)) does not impair learning in adaptation (the ability to detect errors) but rather impairs movement execution. Previous studies focused on patients with pathological tremor suggest an overall impairment of motor adaptation despite the retention of the learned movement recalibration. Thus, we investigated the extent learning is impacted by different manifestations of tremor in two distinct motor adaptation tasks. (1) Our first step to accomplish this was to examine the extent externally-generated tremor affects motor adaptation to physical movement perturbations in neurologically healthy individuals. We found that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81p670n2 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Foray, Katherine