http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucisose_ps/rss Recent eScholarship items from Psychological Sciences Wed, 17 Jun 2026 07:07:57 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vx0p27z INTRODUCTION: Treatment indications for oligometastatic/oligoprogressive lung tumors are growing. Safety and lack of detrimental effect on patients' quality of life are critical for novel local therapies. METHODS: We tested that the additive effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) ablation with lower-dose stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as a secondary endpoint in a prospective clinical trial. FACT-Lung Cancer Subscale (FACT-LCS) and FACT-General domain surveys were collected at screening, 3 months, and 12 months. Functional clinical data included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). RESULTS: Six patients with eight tumors were enrolled. Baseline well-being domain scores were: Physical 25.9 (Std Dev 2.3), Social 21.0 (Std Dev 6.9), Emotional 17.3 (Std Dev 4.7), Functional 21.2 (Std Dev 5.8), and LCS 19.4 (Std Dev 5.3). There were... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vx0p27z Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Harris, Jeremy P https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-4798 Boyd, Christina Shi, Mengying Reilly, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-6728 Simon, Aaron https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-2711 Seyedin, Steven N Chen, Wen-Pin Nagasaka, Misako Abi-Jaoudeh, Nadine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-8524 Hoyt, Michael A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-1902 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3844m9kj <h4>Objective</h4>Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital anomalies caused by failure of neural tube closure during pregnancy and contribute to childhood morbidity and mortality. Folic acid supplementation reduces NTDs risk, yet adherence remains low, particularly among Hispanic women and non-Hispanic Black women. This study examines folic acid supplementation by race/ethnicity, nativity, and social determinants of health (SDOH).<h4>Methods</h4>Data came from the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program (Registered Tier Dataset v7), a large, diverse biomedical dataset that includes underrepresented populations. Analyses were restricted to participants enrolled between May 2018-June 2022. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models assessed for differences in folic acid supplementation, controlling for age, income, education, insurance, and pregnancy.<h4>Results</h4>Among pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-49&nbsp;years; N&nbsp;=&nbsp;85,874),... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3844m9kj Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Almeida, Isabel F Marks, Yael Vu, Brian Mostafazadeh, Tara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hc7s48c Language barriers and pain disparities in pediatric emergency settings: A call for action https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hc7s48c Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lim, Paulina S Fortier, Michelle A Bender, Miriam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-1652 Campos, Belinda Heyming, Theodore Kain, Zeev N https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v544d9 Moral injury increasingly describes the distress nurses experience when systemic constraints prevent them from practicing in alignment with their professional values. Moral injury has been theoretically presented as an injury to one’s identity. Professional identity in nursing is “a sense of oneself in relationship to others” which results in an individual “thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse.” This scoping literature review explores contemporary understandings of nursing professional or moral identity and the association between moral injury and identity among nurses in the United States. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v544d9 Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gutierrez-Hernandez, Paulina Luong, Tiana Nguyen, Natalie Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8184b81p BACKGROUND: Genetic association studies can reveal biology and treatment targets but have received limited attention for stroke recovery. STRONG (Stroke, Stress, Rehabilitation, and Genetics) was a prospective, longitudinal (1-year), genetic study in adults with stroke at 28 US stroke centers. The primary aim was to examine the association that candidate genetic variants have with (1) motor/functional outcomes and (2) stress-related outcomes. METHODS: For motor/functional end points, 3 candidate gene variants (ApoE ε4, BDNF [brain-derived neurotrophic factor], and a dopamine polygenic score) were analyzed for associations with change in grip strength (3 months-baseline), function (3-month Stroke Impact Scale-Activities of Daily Living), mood (3-month Patient Health Questionnaire-8), and cognition (12-month telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment). For stress-related outcomes, 7 variants (serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region, ACE [angiotensin-converting enzyme], oxytocin... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8184b81p Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cramer, Steven C Parodi, Livia Moslemi, Zahra Braun, Robynne G Aldridge, Chad M Shahbaba, Babak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-1609 Rosand, Jonathan Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 Shah, Shreyansh Griessenauer, Christoph J Patel, Nirav Anderson, Christopher Henry, Jonathan Kourkoulis, Christina Lin, David J Zaba, Natalie Gee, Joey Moon, Johnson Schwertfeger, Julie Jayaraman, Arun Lee, Robert Lansberg, Maarten G Kemp, Stephanie Huang, Emily Bingham, Elijah Lugo, Leonel Eun, Da Eun Katie Payne, Jeremy Patten, Carolynn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-0045 Ng, Kwan Cao, Madelyn Jubb, Ashley McGee, Breann Shahbaba, Ryan Agrawal, Kunal Kissela, Brett DeJong, Stacey Cole, John Silver, Brian Manxhari, Christina Cucchiara, Brett Busza, Ania Hepple, Jennifer Paige Liew, Sook-Lei Alderman, Susan Beauchamp, Jennifer Mathew, Nitha Joseph Hayes, Heather Majersik, Jennifer J Worrall, Bradford B Tirschwell, David Bushnell, Cheryl Husseini, Nada El Lee, Jin-Moo Falcone, Guido J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d29g2f0 Abstract The hippocampus is known to play a critical role in processing information about temporal context. However, it remains unclear how hippocampal oscillations are involved, and how their functional organization is influenced by connectivity gradients. We examined local field potential activity in CA1 as rats performed a complex odor sequence memory task. We find that odor sequence processing epochs were characterized by increased power in the 4-8 Hz and 20-40 Hz range, with 20-40 Hz oscillations showing a power gradient increasing toward proximal CA1. Running epochs were characterized by increased power in the 8-12 Hz range and across higher frequency ranges (&gt;24 Hz), with power gradients increasing toward proximal and distal CA1, respectively. Importantly, 20-40 Hz power increased with knowledge of the sequence and carried trial-type-specific information. These results suggest that 20-40 Hz oscillations are associated with trial-specific processing of nonspatial information... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d29g2f0 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gattas, Sandra Elias, Gabriel A Yassa, Michael A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-1498 Fortin, Norbert J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-6984 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64n0p80x Recent work found ethnic differences in the association between resting heart rate variability (HRV), an index of emotion regulation (ER) capacity, and ER difficulties. The present study examined whether this relationship exists among American adults from other marginalized ethnic backgrounds living in the United States, African American (AfAm) and Hispanic or Latino Americans (Hispanics), which remains unexplored in the literature. We addressed this gap by investigating whether self-reported ethnicity differentially moderated the relationship between log-transformed high-frequency HRV and ER, indexed by suppression and reappraisal. A total of 1,047 emerging adults (<i>M</i>_age = 19.7 years [1.7]) had complete ER and resting 10-min HRV data (82 AfAm [65% women], 183 Asians [52% women], 228 Hispanics [59% women], and 554 non-Hispanic White [NHW; 60% women]). HRV was highest among AfAm and Hispanics and lowest among Asian individuals. Linear regression, adjusting for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64n0p80x Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Watanabe, Darcianne K Tyra, Alexandra T Ginty, Annie T Thayer, Julian F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-3421 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45x6w8q7 Recent HCI research emphasizes the importance of considering children’s care ecosystems in the design of technologies, extending the focus beyond families to include teachers, peers, therapists, and institutions. While this ecosystem perspective opens opportunities for more inclusive and collaborative technologies, it also introduces challenges such as recruitment, power dynamics, reconciling diverse perspectives, and complex ethical considerations. This CHI 2026 workshop builds on prior community efforts at IDC 2023, CHI 2024, and IDC 2025. Its primary focus is on children’s care ecosystems, but we also welcome researchers working with other populations who wish to apply an ecosystem lens. The workshop will bring together researchers and practitioners to discuss opportunities, challenges, and methods, and to collaboratively articulate a research agenda for care ecosystem-centered HCI. Participants will engage in mapping and synthesis activities that produce care ecosystem maps... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/45x6w8q7 Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Stefanidi, Evropi Silva, Lucas M Cagiltay, Bengisu Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Eriksson, Eva Hayes, Gillian R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44b0b67v Previous studies have identified a pattern of jointly elevated sympathetic vasoconstriction (indexed by total peripheral resistance, TPR) and increased cardiac vagal tone (indexed by heart rate variability, HRV) in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) adults relative to non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts in the United States, referred to as the cardiovascular conundrum. Whether a similar pattern is observed in other minority ethnic groups, and the role of emotion regulation strategies and socioeconomic status (SES), remains unclear. This study examined ethnic differences in TPR and HRV in emerging adults with Asian (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;183), NHB (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;82), Hispanic/Latino (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;228), and NHW (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;554) backgrounds, and tested the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) and SES. NHB adults showed higher resting TPR (suggesting greater vascular strain) and HRV compared to NHW counterparts and other minority... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/44b0b67v Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Carnevali, Luca Watanabe, Darcianne K Barbetti, Margherita Tyra, Alexandra T Williams, DeWayne P Ginty, Annie T Thayer, Julian F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-3421 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4358j17m Previous research has demonstrated different associations between ethnicity and resting measures of heart rate variability (HRV), an important proxy of an organism's autonomic regulatory pathways, particularly between non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults in the United States. The current study aimed to extend the investigation of differences in HRV to four ethnic groups through a social lens, by examining the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the relation between ethnicity and HRV. Time- and frequency-domain indexes of HRV were collected during a 10-min period in 944 young adults (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;175 Asian, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;77 NHB, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;208 Hispanic, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;484 NHW). After adjusting for several covariates, NHB adults had higher resting values of high-frequency HRV compared to the other ethnic groups, specifically at mean and low estimates of SES. In NHB adults only, SES negatively correlated with HRV metrics. Also, Asian adults showed lower... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4358j17m Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Carnevali, Luca Watanabe, Darcianne K Barbetti, Margherita Tyra, Alexandra T Williams, DeWayne P Ginty, Annie T Thayer, Julian F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-3421 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hs1f70b Family health informatics tools can help support well-being with shared data tracking. Prior work typically focused on shared data review, but often in specific moments, like bedtime, or centered on caregiving of children or elderly members. To investigate how tracking can support mutual health collaboration between family members pervasively across daily contexts, we designed and deployed FamilyBloom, a glanceable smartwatch and home display system for mood and goal tracking. Twelve families with both neurotypical and ADHD members used FamilyBloom for three months on average. Our findings reveal how family-centered tracking created collaboration opportunities and tensions across multiple ecological systems: individual self-regulation, collaborations within family dynamics, involvement of care networks with varying trust levels, institutional school constraints and cultural stigma, and temporality of regular routines and crisis periods. We discuss an ecosystem-aware approach to... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hs1f70b Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Silva, Lucas M Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Stefanidi, Evropi Cibrian, Franceli L Beltran, Jesus A Zeiler, Cassie Schuck, Sabrina Lakes, Kimberley D Hayes, Gillian R Epstein, Daniel A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-6345 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cr472z8 Existing research has explored various methods to support people with noise sensitivity (PWNS), from desensitization therapies to technological solutions. However, there is a gap in systems that identify and monitor characteristics of noise sensitivity experiences to help PWNS and their companions better understand their condition and make informed management decisions. To fill this gap, we developed AudioBuddy, an app with sensing and tracking features designed to promote awareness between PWNS and their companions. We tested AudioBuddy as a technological probe over a two-week field deployment. Our results show that AudioBuddy can support awareness of how sounds and environments influence the psychophysiological states of PWNS, aiding in understanding noise sensitivity experiences. Nonetheless, technical limitations impacted the depth of awareness participants could attain. We discuss challenges and opportunities for future systems to facilitate awareness among PWNS and their... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cr472z8 Wed, 6 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hicks, Emani Rieffel, Luc Gowda, Ariya Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Hayes, Gillian R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bw0h6m2 Individuals who learn and use two languages come to that experience in many different ways. Recent studies have shown that to understand bilingualism, it is necessary to characterize the variation in experience that continually shapes the use of the two languages. The current investigation explored the consequences of individual differences in cognitive resources for the processing of syntactic information in two groups of speakers. One group were adults learning Spanish and the other were heritage bilinguals with Spanish as the home language. Both groups were proficient speakers of English. We examined the effects of working memory and cognitive control on syntactic processing, measured by an elicited sentence imitation task. The findings revealed both common and distinct contributions of cognitive resources. Working memory predicted Spanish syntactic processing for second language learners but not for heritage speakers. In contrast, working memory predicted English syntactic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bw0h6m2 Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sulier, Nicholas Torres, Julio Kroll, Judith https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h31x8kd PurposeAmidst a rapidly growing worldwide literature on non-invasive interventions to optimize parent–child relationships prenatally, the effectiveness of prenatal attachment intervention remains uncertain due to methodologic restrictions of prior systematic reviews. The current systematic review was aimed at capturing the diversity of study designs, intervention targets and methods employed reflective of this burgeoning literature. We then employed meta-regression to evaluate the impact of expected heterogeneity on estimated intervention effects.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, Trip database, and Google Scholar for empirical prenatal attachment intervention studies published through August 11, 2025, with titles and abstracts written in English. Articles with main texts written in other languages were translated prior to analysis (PROSPERO ID CRD42021241199).ResultsPrenatal attachment scores increased following intervention when examining all studies (p &lt; .... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h31x8kd Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Coté, John J Dilsaver, Danielle B Dimmock, James Doehrman, Pooja Teague, Samantha Coté, Remington D Coté, Brayden P Kilzer, Riley Sabbaghi, Mahsa Omrani Borelli, Jessica L Massey, Suena H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z84959m Relational savoring improves parents' well-being but has seldom been tested outside of the United States. In Iran, discussing parenting difficulties is taboo, and there is less emphasis on the experience of joy in motherhood. This cultural variation underscores the need to examine the effects of relational savoring, which focuses on heightening positive emotion in the context of parenthood. In this study conducted in Iran, mothers of children ages 5 and under (<i>N</i> = 100) were randomized into the experimental (4 weekly relational savoring sessions) or control group (no intervention). Participants were assessed at pretest, posttest, and 2-month follow-up. Compared to control group mothers, relational savoring mothers had higher closeness to child and availability at post-test and 2-month follow-up. There were no differential impacts on parenting competence and sensitivity/responsiveness. This program can be effective in improving aspects of the mother-child relationship among... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z84959m Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ansarifar, Nasim Farsani, Zabihollah Kaveh Borelli, Jessica L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ss905cr In pursuit of safety and better economic opportunities, some parents make the difficult decision to migrate to the United States, leaving their children behind in the care of a substitute caregiver. Since 2021, more than 400,000 unaccompanied immigrant youth have migrated to the United States to reunify with their parents. These reunifications are often precarious; attachment disruptions resulting from prolonged separation affect the psychological well-being of youth and parents. We collected and analyzed interviews from 16 mother–youth dyads from Mexico and Central America who experienced migration-related separations. Drawing on frameworks of attachment, ambiguous loss, and migratory grief, we used grounded theory methods, specifically Schatzman’s dimensional analysis, to uncover meanings, interactions, and outcomes that migrant youth experience during and after separation from their mother. Analyses revealed five key findings: (a) Family separation is not a discrete event;... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ss905cr Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cardoso, Jodi Berger Bjugstad, Arlene Ortiz, Jessica G Hernandez Avitia, Gaby Mohr Hernández, Nidia Portillo, Andrea G Pérez Brabeck, Kalina Borelli, Jessica L Sharp, Carla https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dm9b2s8 Growing work underscores the importance of understanding disturbances in positive valence or emotional processes in psychopathology. Despite evidence that substance use disorders, such as cannabis misuse, are associated with positive emotion processes, few studies have examined associations between cannabis use and clinically relevant disorders that centrally feature positive emotions (such as bipolar spectrum disorders) and associated positive emotion processes. The present study investigates associations between self-reported cannabis use and bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) risk and mood severity, as well as three well-studied positive valence processes (i.e., positive emotion experience, reward responsiveness, and positive emotion valuation). Emerging adult college students who endorsed cannabis use (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;968) were recruited from nine North American universities. Higher self-reported BSD risk was associated with greater cannabis-related interference with daily life,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dm9b2s8 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rosa, Luiza Young, Gerald Ibonie, Stevi G LeMoult, Joelle Mauss, Iris B Alloy, Lauren B Borelli, Jessica L Holley, Sarah R Jopling, Ellen Moriarity, Daniel P Nusslock, Robin Strauss, Gregory Villanueva, Cynthia M Weinstock, Lauren M Bidwell, L Cinnamon Gruber, June https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qr8z5d0 Autistic people often have an interest in and spend a substantial amount of time engaged with video games. Games can be supportive of their mental health and social needs and have been widely used for behavioral interventions among autistic people. However, the gaming experiences and preferences of autistic people themselves have not been thoroughly studied. To explore these experiences, we used a multi-method approach, analyzing game-related posts from a large autism-related subreddit and conducting a survey with 145 autistic people. The survey allowed us to further understand preferences around accessibility and sensory experiences, representation, and social experiences in communities that emerged in the Reddit posts. We found that games offering a sense of freedom, control, and creativity might be particularly appealing to autistic gamers. Discussions also emerged around what types of audio and visual sensory input were considered soothing and appropriate. Moreover, both the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qr8z5d0 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Park, Sohyeon Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Piper, Anne Marie Hayes, Gillian R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xm1f4mk The impacts of digital media literacy (DML) interventions are mixed, perhaps due to adult-driven curricula and misalignment with youth’s needs. We tested how student-led, developmentally-informed DML education could leverage youth’s expertise. Using Youth Participatory Action Research and near-peer mentoring, high school students (n = 31) designed and taught digital literacy interventions in two areas (1) digital communication (i.e. group-chats) and (2) persuasive design (e.g. features such as infinite scroll), resulting in significant increases in knowledge of digital communication conflict prevention and remediation strategies, along with identification and knowledge of persuasive design for 79 middle and 31 high school students. High schoolers also reported more feelings of agency and research knowledge. These findings indicate that making DML interventions developmentally aligned might be key for supporting youth in the digital age. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xm1f4mk Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dingle, Kyra Reich, Stephanie M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-5236 Starks, Allison Harel-Marian, Taly https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pt668zb BackgroundCharitable food organizations are critical community hubs for promoting food security and nutrition. Few studies have examined whether food pantry organizational features (e.g., setting and size) are associated with the use of health promotion strategies.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used a validated survey instrument (Nutrition Environment Food Pantry Assessment Tool+, NEFPAT+) in partnership with a southern California regional food bank to examine pantry consumer nutrition environments, including client choice models, marketing, and partnership/referral practices. Eligible pantries were: food bank partners, open at least 1/week for public distribution, and in high-poverty cities. We collected surveys from 27 of 35 eligible sites in 2024. We used descriptive statistics to summarize NEFPAT+ objective outcomes and conducted exploratory analyses to assess differences for specific objective results. Mann‒Whitney U tests and Kruskal‒Wallis tests were used to compare... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pt668zb Sun, 29 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Phillips, Kalani K Dinh, Ellie Almeida, Isabel F Keller, Claudia B Payán, Denise D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mn5z2kf Evidence-accumulation models (EAMs) are powerful tools for making sense of human and animal decision-making behavior. EAMs have generated significant theoretical advances in psychology, behavioral economics, and cognitive neuroscience and are increasingly used as a measurement tool in clinical research and other applied settings. Obtaining valid and reliable inferences from EAMs depends on knowing how to establish a close match between model assumptions and features of the task/data to which the model is applied. However, this knowledge is rarely articulated in the EAM literature, leaving beginners to rely on the private advice of mentors and colleagues and inefficient trial-and-error learning. In this article, we provide practical guidance for designing tasks appropriate for EAMs, relating experimental manipulations to EAM parameters, planning appropriate sample sizes, and preparing data and conducting an EAM analysis. Our advice is based on prior methodological studies and the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mn5z2kf Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Boag, Russell J Innes, Reilly J Stevenson, Niek Bahg, Giwon Busemeyer, Jerome R Cox, Gregory E Donkin, Chris Frank, Michael J Hawkins, Guy E Heathcote, Andrew Hedge, Craig Lerche, Veronika Lilburn, Simon D Logan, Gordon D Matzke, Dora Miletić, Steven Osth, Adam F Palmeri, Thomas J Sederberg, Per B Singmann, Henrik Smith, Philip L Stafford, Tom Steyvers, Mark Strickland, Luke Trueblood, Jennifer S Tsetsos, Konstantinos Turner, Brandon M Usher, Marius van Maanen, Leendert van Ravenzwaaij, Don Vandekerckhove, Joachim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-5937 Voss, Andreas Weichart, Emily R Weindel, Gabriel White, Corey N Evans, Nathan J Brown, Scott D Forstmann, Birte U https://escholarship.org/uc/item/676617cd Schoolchildren in the United States are increasingly exposed to educational technologies (EdTech), many of which are or will be infused with Artificial Intelligence (AI). Despite this growing integration, there is limited understanding of the current perceptions and attitudes toward EdTech with AI among parents, teachers, and teens. To address this gap, we conducted a mixed-method study involving an A/B experiment through an online survey with 3,051 participants and complemented by focus group discussions with 80 participants. Providing a comprehensive snapshot of AI perception in education in 2024, our findings indicate that participants, particularly teachers, may hold more negative perceptions of our AI-powered EdTech mock-up compared to the one powered by human tutors. Based on these insights, we discuss the future of EdTech regarding the current perceptions. This research contributes to an empirical understanding of the perceptions and attitudes toward AI in K-12 education,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/676617cd Wed, 11 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Dickerson, Kelli Park, Sohyeon Hicks, Emani Han, Ariel Rubin, Jennifer D Lombard, Ella Chen, Katharine Divanji, Riddhi Odgers, Candice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-6618 Hayes, Gillian R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k79h9r5 Ethnic-racial identity is an important developmental outcome, particularly for adolescents of color. Understanding the contextual factors that support this outcome is important for promoting their overall positive development. Organized after-school activities offer a promising structural support for ethnic-racial identity development, yet little is known about the specific mechanisms within activities that support this process. This systematic literature review synthesizes empirical studies from 2000 and 2023 to examine how processes within organized after-school activities may facilitate adolescents’ ethnic-racial identity development. Furthermore, bridging our findings with existing theories, we propose a conceptual framework to guide future research on this topic. Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified 35 studies that met inclusion criteria. Synthesis of quantitative studies indicate that breadth and duration of participation in activities are positively associated with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k79h9r5 Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kiyama, Fuko Simpkins, Sandra D Vandell, Deborah Lowe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-9783 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k33047m Importance: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), yet its association with plasma biomarkers remains unclear among middle-aged and older adults (aged 50-86 years). Objective: To examine associations between plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, neuroaxonal damage, and glial activation with SCD in a heterogeneous cohort of Hispanic and/or Latino adults. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used survey-weighted data from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging, an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Participants were aged 50 to 86 years and resided in 4 major US cities. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018 and analyzed between December 2024 and June 2025. Exposure: Plasma biomarkers included amyloid-beta (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated tau-181 (ptau-181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), quantified... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k33047m Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Márquez, Freddie Tarraf, Wassim Gonzalez, Kevin Valencia, Deisha F Stickel, Ariana M Anita, Natasha Z Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela Levin, Bonnie E Yassa, Michael A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-1498 Zhou, Haibo Daviglus, Martha Pirzada, Amber Goodman, Zachary T Thyagarajan, Bharat Gallo, Linda C González, Hector M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kp1g20g This demo proposes a novel and practical application called AudioBuddy that uses sensing and tracking technology to facilitate awareness of physiological, psychological, and environmental indicators of potential noise sensitivity experiences. Existing research on noise sensitivity has proposed various approaches for supporting people's experiences, ranging from desensitization therapies to technological systems. However, there is a lack of systems that identify and track characteristics that may indicate the onset of noise sensitivity experiences so that people with noise sensitivity can take preventative actions before reaching stressed states and needing to self-regulate. AudioBuddy is a multi-device application that addresses this aim by leveraging the sensing capabilities of smartwatches for health monitoring, facilitating awareness and information sharing for community support, and presenting users with strategies for managing and regulating noise sensitivity experiences. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kp1g20g Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hicks, Emani Rieffel, Luc Gowda, Ariya Morales-Tellez, Arturo Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Beltran, Jesus A Hayes, Gillian R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tr2h6fw Abstract When people are exposed to misleading information after an event has occurred, they frequently fall sway to its influence and report the misinformation as their own memory. This phenomenon, known as The Misinformation Effect, has been intensively studied for half a century. Here, we report on where the idea came from and what aspects of the phenomenon have been explored by scientists over this period of time. These explorations have addressed many questions, such as (1) What are the conditions under which people are more or less susceptible to misinformation? (2) Are there certain types of people who are especially susceptible to misinformation? (3) Can warnings about misinformation reduce its influence? and (4) Just how far can you go in terms of planting false ideas into people's minds? We also review work that examines the interplay between modern technology and misinformation. The Misinformation Effect teaches us about the malleability of memory, but it also has important... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tr2h6fw Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Loftus, Elizabeth F Sutton, Emily S Dianat, Aundia Hoffmann, Jessica P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n3854k8 OBJECTIVE: A significant increase in the release of individuals who served life sentences (i.e., lifers) in California has created the opportunity to study aspects of their psychological wellness for the first time. Moral injury may be a particularly relevant factor to consider in this population but has not been previously studied. This study is the first to explore the concept of moral injury within a currently or formerly incarcerated population. METHOD: Former lifers currently in reentry in California (<i>N</i> = 41) completed a survey that measured their moral injury exposure (MIE), MIE-related guilt, MIE-related shame, MIE-related rumination, religiosity, attempts at making amends, and flourishing. RESULTS: As expected, a high rate of lifetime MIEs was endorsed (97.6%). Events linked to life sentence crimes (75.6%) and time in prison (56.1%) were very common. Lower levels of MIE-related shame (<i>r</i> = -.58, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) and higher levels of religiosity (<i>r</i>... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n3854k8 Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 DeCaro, Joanne B https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-3457 Straka, Kelci Malek, Nadia Zalta, Alyson K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8431 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v932z5 <h4>Background</h4>Plasma ptau-217 is a promising biomarker for detecting Alzheimers pathology. However, previous studies show no or weak correlations between plasma ptau-217 and tau-PET in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. This is possibly due to limitations in the mean SUVR-based ROI analysis, which lacks sensitivity to subtle, focal individual differences in early-stage tau aggregation. We utilized a supra-threshold voxel-based approach to re-examine the relationship between plasma ptau-217 and early-stage tau aggregation in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) as a function of amyloid-beta (Aβ) status in CU older adults.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed 142 CU older adults (95 Aβ-/47 Aβ+) from ADNI with plasma ptau-217 (Janssen assay) and 18F-Flortaucipir-PET data. SUVR thresholds (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) were applied to tau-PET data to calculate the percentage of suprathreshold voxels in entorhinal cortex (EC), parahippocampal gyrus (PHC), amygdala (Amyg), and fusiform gyrus (FUS)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v932z5 Tue, 6 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Varghese, Leah Taylor, Lisa Thomas, Elizabeth Yassa, Michael Adams, Jenna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21w8h06r <h4>Background</h4>Tau pathology may contribute to the disruption of white matter (WM) integrity in Alzheimers disease (AD). While previous work has shown global disruption to WM tracts, the specific spatial locations along the impacted tracts with disrupted integrity have yet to be identified. Tractometry is a method that utilizes diffusion MRI tractography to quantify spatial WM integrity by placing equidistant nodes along the length of WM tracts. We assessed WM integrity along the spatial extent of medial temporal lobe (MTL) WM tracts to determine tau pathology or cognitive impairment is associated with spatially specific patterns of WM integrity in older adults across the AD continuum.<h4>Method</h4>A total of 159 older adults from ADNI3 (101 cognitively normal and 58 cognitively impaired [MCI/AD) underwent tau-PET (18F-Flortaucipir) and multishell diffusion MRI. Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of WM integrity, was calculated for each unilateral MTL tract (inferior longitudinal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21w8h06r Tue, 6 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Parker, Dana Yassa, Michael Adams, Jenna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08r6983j <h4>Background</h4>There is disrupted functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). DMN FC is also particularly sensitive to disruption in Alzheimers disease (AD). However, there is limited research investigating if OSA affects FC in Down syndrome (DS), despite the prevalence of both OSA and AD pathology within this population. We examined if DMN and FPN FC are also disrupted in older adults with DS and OSA, and whether this is dependent on concurrent cognitive impairment due to AD.<h4>Method</h4>Seventy-five participants from the Alzheimer Biomarkers Consortium - Down syndrome (ABC-DS) study (age 49.93+6.6) underwent resting-state functional MRI. For our seed-based connectivity approach, data were harmonized and processed using the CONN Toolbox with the default MNI preprocessing pipeline. FC strength was calculated (1) between regions-of-interest (ROIs) within each network (within-network... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08r6983j Tue, 6 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Taylor, Lisa Adams, Jenna DiProspero, Natalie McMillan, Liv Sathishkumar, Mithra Doran, Eric Lai, Florence Rosas, H Brickman, Adam Head, Elizabeth Mapstone, Mark Schupf, Nicole Silverman, Wayne Lott, Ira Yassa, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sw5r6jw The authors examined the effect of a 6-week mind/body intervention on college students' psychological distress, anxiety, and perception of stress. One hundred twenty-eight students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 63) or a waitlist control group (n = 65). The experimental group received 6 90-minute group-training sessions in the relaxation response and cognitive behavioral skills. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess the students' psychological state before and after the intervention. Ninety students (70% of the initial sample) completed the postassessment measure. Significantly greater reductions in psychological distress, state anxiety, and perceived stress were found in the experimental group. This brief mind/body training may be useful as a preventive intervention for college students, according to the authors, who called for further research to determine whether... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sw5r6jw Fri, 19 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Deckro, Gloria R Ballinger, Keli M Hoyt, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-1902 Wilcher, Marilyn Dusek, Jeffery https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-0564 Myers, Patricia Greenberg, Beth Rosenthal, David S Benson, Herbert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qv099cx Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects millions of individuals worldwide, significantly impacting their academic, social, and professional lives. ADHD students in higher education have faced difficulties with time management, organization, focus, and emotional regulation, which impact their academic performance. Through an analysis of discussions within a Reddit community for ADHD university students, we found that accommodations and general study strategies are often inadequate for them. Instead, they develop and share collaborative, community-based strategies to support their academic success, which include (1) participating in diverse forms of co-presence or body doubling for accountability and focus while studying; (2) engaging in active collaborative support with social partners to manage emotions and distractions, and (3) leveraging community-based support for remembering deadlines, staying accountable, and fostering a sense of belonging. We conclude with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qv099cx Wed, 5 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Arnold, Vitica X Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Bonang, Clarisse Park, Sohyeon Hayes, Gillian R Piper, Anne Marie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7g27116q Occupational burnout and moral injury are related, but distinct, processes with operational and relational drivers. This scoping literature review examines one key relational driver of burnout and moral injury: values conflicts between nurses and their organizational leadership. This review included a five-database search, which produced 346 citations for full-text review. Preliminary results have identified 11 relevant citations: 8 journal articles, 2 journal-published expert opinions, and 1 qualitative dissertation study. All references examined some aspect of leadership in relation to burnout and discussed values conflicts; only one investigated moral injury in relation to leadership structures and values conflicts. Six sources explicitly found that perceived differences in values between administrators and clinicians may contribute to burnout. One article discussed the betrayal of nurses' moral values by leadership in connection with moral injury. Implications suggest a potential... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7g27116q Thu, 23 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Luong, Tiana Navarro, Cody Allen Blake, Lindsey Liuson, Olivia Yang, Trinity Kira, Josiah Nguyen, Natalie Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/381455j7 This project seeks to: (1) better understand the concept of occupational moral injury (MI) as it relates to moral distress (MD) and burnout (BO), and (2) improve the understanding of occupational MI in healthcare settings, such that healthcare systems may better develop strategies for MI assessment, prevention, and mitigation. Based on Walker and Avant's (2019) methodology, this concept analysis of occupational MI in healthcare describes the antecedents, defining attributes, and consequences of MI in relation to MD and to the oft associated phenomenon of BO. Our findings reveal a highly interconnected network of related concepts that can intensify each other and that are not mutually exclusive. MI, MD, and BO have shared antecedents and overlapping consequences that can render their delineation challenging. MI, MD, and BO in healthcare contexts all share the attribute of capturing experiences of clinician distress with varying sources, intensity, and chronicity. MI and MD introduce... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/381455j7 Thu, 23 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Nguyen, Natalie Luong, Tiana Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33n3t4dg The recent surge of research on software developer mental health challenges highlights the importance and urgency of studying solutions to support developer wellbeing. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) offers a valuable framework for exploring wellbeing at work, emphasizing the need to satisfy three psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This paper presents an interview study with 31 software developers in the United States that uses SDT as a guide, exploring how these three needs are perceived and influenced in the work of software developers. We identify specific factors and processes at work and work tools and designs that impact developers' psychological needs and satisfaction. Results from our study can help design targeted solutions to satisfy developers psychological needs, which indirectly support developer wellbeing. This paper highlights the necessity of healthy work cultures in software development and presents design considerations for creating tools... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33n3t4dg Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Wong, Novia Cheng, Nai-Yu Oewel, Bruna Genuario, Katherine E Stoeckl, SarahElizabeth Schueller, Stephen M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-0399 Ahmed, Iftekhar van der Hoek, André Reddy, Madhu https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cv6388f Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, used by over 200 million people monthly, are increasingly applied in disability contexts, including autism research. However, there has been limited exploration of the potential biases these models hold about autistic people. To explore what biases ChatGPT demonstrates about autistic people, we prompted GPT-3.5 to create three personas, choose one to be autistic, and explain its reasoning for this choice and any suggested changes to the persona description. Our quantitative analysis of the chosen personas indicates that gender and profession influenced GPT's choices. Additionally, our qualitative analysis revealed ChatGPT's tendency to highlight the importance of representation while simultaneously perpetuating mostly negative biases about autistic people, illustrating a "bias paradox,"a concept adapted from feminist studies. By applying this concept to LLMs, we provide a lens through which researchers might identify, understand, and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cv6388f Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Park, Sohyeon Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Beltran, Jesus Armando Hayes, Gillian R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hp2w5rk Research on understanding and supporting the experiences of people with noise sensitivity (PWNS) and their challenges is limited within HCI. Therefore, we build on prior work to understand the challenges they consider and what technological solutions they create to support them. Through eight participatory design workshops involving PWNS and their carers, we considered their needs and challenges and how technology can be designed to support their well-being. Results indicate that wearable and mobile technology can facilitate awareness of sensory triggers and impacts on their well-being. Further, enabling both self and collaborative regulation is also necessary, especially as end users seek independence or interdependence with those around them to manage their experiences. We identified three tensions for designing technology to support PWNS and their sensory experiences. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hp2w5rk Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hicks, Emani Park, Sohyeon Mavrovounioti, Avery Du, Weijie Hu, Jialou Na, Kade Serrano, Nathan Munoz, Rafael Carrillo Ankrah, Elizabeth Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Johnson, Jazette Hayes, Gillian R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp6f444 Working together (vs. individually) improves the performance of people from working-class contexts. Consequently, teams with a higher (vs. lower) percentage of individuals from working-class contexts perform better. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the way teams work together, leading to a rise in asynchronous and remote teamwork. Here, we ask: Does the way people work together matter for the benefits documented in prior work? In this registered report, we examined meeting mode-that is, the extent to which teams work together synchronously and in-person (vs. asynchronously and remotely)-as an important boundary condition for the performance of people from working-class contexts in teams. We hypothesize and, in exploratory analyses, find preliminary support for the idea that the beneficial effects of working together for students from working-class contexts are diminished when teams work together primarily asynchronously and remotely. Moreover, we tested... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp6f444 Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dietze, Pia Dittmann, Andrea G https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g93225f Given the near-historic levels of economic inequality in the United States, it is vital to understand when and why people are motivated to reduce it. We examine whether the manner in which economic inequality and policy are framed—in terms of either upper-socio-economic-class advantages or lower-socio-economic-class disadvantages—influences individuals’ reactions to inequality. Across five studies, framing redistributive policy (Study 1) as disadvantage-reducing (versus advantage-reducing) and economic inequality (Studies 2–5) as lower-class disadvantages (versus upper-class advantages or a control frame) enhances support for action to reduce inequality. Moreover, increased support is partly driven by perceptions that inequality is more unjust if framed as lower-class disadvantages. Using diverse methodologies (for example, social media engagement on Facebook) and nationally representative samples of self-reported upper-class and lower-class individuals, this work suggests that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g93225f Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dietze, Pia Craig, Maureen A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77k0n55m Encouraging vaccine uptake among U.S. residents is an increasingly important public health issue that was magnified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy, an important correlate of vaccine uptake, has been studied extensively in parents with respect to parental attitudes and decision-making toward vaccinating their children. Less work has examined parent attitudes and behaviors regarding personal vaccine uptake and how COVID-19-related vaccine attitudes and behaviors may differ from other types of vaccine attitudes and behaviors (e.g., influenza vaccination). We surveyed a probability-based sample of 585 United States adults in November 2021. Parents (i.e., primary caregiver of at least one child aged 18 years or younger, living in the home) compared to other adults, demographics (age, sex, income, education, ethnicity, urbanicity), and political affiliation were examined as correlates of COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and COVID-19 and influenza vaccine uptake. Multivariate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77k0n55m Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Massey, Philip M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0577-8618 Chuang, Andrew Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 Silver, Roxane Cohen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-6792 Garfin, Dana Rose https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-9307 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pk481dh There are over three million people living with epilepsy in the U.S. People with epilepsy experience multiple daily challenges such as seizures, social isolation, social stigma, experience of physical and emotional symptoms, medication side effects, cognitive and memory deficits, care coordination difficulties, and risks of sudden unexpected death. In this work, we report findings collected from 3 focus groups of 11 people with epilepsy and caregivers and 10 follow-up questionnaires. We found that these participants feel that most people do not know how to deal with seizures. To improve others' abilities to respond safely and appropriately to someone having seizures, people with epilepsy and caregivers would like to share and educate the public about their epilepsy conditions, reduce common misconceptions about seizures and prevent associated stigma, and get first aid help from the public when needed. Considering social stigma, we propose design implications of future technologies... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pk481dh Wed, 13 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Miller, Wendy Rocha, Luis Börner, Katy Correia, Rion Brattig Shih, Patrick C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bs7j57k Importance: Mindfulness meditation may improve well-being among employees; however, effects of digital meditation programs are poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of digital meditation vs a waiting list condition on general and work-specific stress and whether greater engagement in the intervention moderates these effects. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial included a volunteer sample of adults (aged ≥18 years) employed at a large academic medical center who reported mild to moderate stress, had regular access to a web-connected device, and were fluent in English. Exclusion criteria included being a regular meditator. Participants were recruited from May 16, 2018, through September 28, 2019, and completed baseline, 8-week, and 4-month measures assessing stress, job strain, burnout, work engagement, mindfulness, depression, and anxiety. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to October 2024. Intervention: Participants were randomized... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bs7j57k Mon, 4 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Radin, Rachel M Vacarro, Julie Fromer, Elena Ahmadi, Sarah E Guan, Joanna Y Fisher, Sarah M Pressman, Sarah D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-6466 Hunter, John F Sweeny, Kate Tomiyama, A Janet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-5813 Hofschneider, Lauren Tiongco Zawadzki, Matthew J Gavrilova, Larisa Epel, Elissa S Prather, Aric A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t361qm Prior research has examined individuals' perceptions of punishments (PP) and rewards (PR) for crime, as well as their use of moral disengagement (MD), to understand why adolescents and young adults commit crimes. However, the joint development of these cognitions as a broader risk-perception mechanism remains understudied. This paper explores the independent and relational development of these processes in justice-involved youth. Data from 1,170 male participants (42.1% Black, 34.0% Hispanic, 19.2% White, 4.6% Other) in the Pathways to Desistance study were analyzed using a three-variable autoregressive latent trajectory model. MD, PP, and PR were measured across 11 waves and 7 years, allowing for the simultaneous examination of individual trajectories and their bidirectional relationships from adolescence to young adulthood. Although PP increased and MD and PR decreased across adolescence, all three exhibited decelerations in their change prior to young adulthood. Moreover, bidirectional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t361qm Sat, 2 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Decrop, Romain McManamon, Bri Williams, Kaylie Houlihan, Kerry Bok, Haely Crouch Knestrick, Kaelynn Rodgers, Emma Docherty, Meagan Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pz0z13h BACKGROUND: Structural disparities in the United States (U.S.)&nbsp;healthcare system negatively impact care access and quality for racial and ethnic minorities. The predominantly White nursing workforce does not reflect the nation's diverse population. Enhancing workforce diversity is crucial to addressing these issues. PURPOSE: This scoping review investigates associations between experiences of racism and the well-being of racial/ethnic minority nurses in the U.S., identifying existing evidence and literature gaps. METHODS: Utilizing Joanna Briggs' Scoping Review Methodology and PRISMA-ScR standards, we screened eight databases; 31 studies met our inclusion criteria. DISCUSSION: Racism is consistently associated with worse psychological and/or physical outcomes among nurses of color across methodologically inconsistent studies. Future research should expand upon the nascent, methodologically inconsistent research reviewed herein to identify and eliminate sources of racism in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pz0z13h Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Abrahim, Heather L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-5235 Liuson, Olivia Kelley, Christina Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jd469t6 The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted mental health, with psychological distress varying across age and racial/ethnic groups. This study examined trajectories of five distress measures-symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS), anxiety, depression, anger, and somatization-over the first 2 years of the pandemic, adjusting for prepandemic mental health. Participants in a nationally representative, probability-based U.S. sample (N = 4,298, age range: 18-97 years) completed four online surveys from March 2020 to June 2022. Multilevel models revealed that symptom levels and changes over time varied by age group across outcomes. Across time, PTS and anxiety symptoms declined for most age groups at different rates, F(6, 85,660) = 6.21, p &lt;&nbsp;.001. Younger adults initially reported higher PTS symptom levels at Wave 1, Bs = 0.10-0.14, p &lt;&nbsp;.001, but levels converged across age groups by Wave 4. Rates of anxiety symptoms were similar across age groups at Wave 4 except for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jd469t6 Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Elliott, Meghan R https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-1437 Charles, Susan T https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-5335 Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 Garfin, Dana Rose https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-9307 Silver, Roxane Cohen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-6792 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vv045qs BACKGROUND: With the increasing prevalence of climate-related disasters, psychological responses, including climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress, have received heightened attention. OBJECTIVE: We investigate the correlates of climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress, as well as the nature of these psychological responses. METHODS: At the start of the annual fire season (June to August 2023), we recruited a county-representative sample of n=813 residents of Lake County, in Northern California, to complete an anonymous online survey. Multiple regression analyses identified correlates of climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress and explored how anxiety and stress were associated with disaster preparedness. FINDINGS: Climate change anxiety, assessed via its cognitive-emotional impairment (odds ratio (OR)_loss/injury=1.68; OR_media=2.37) and functional impairment (OR_loss/injury=1.68;... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vv045qs Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Tao, Tiffany Junchen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-4631 Estes, Kayley D Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 Vahedifard, Farshid Silver, Roxane Cohen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-6792 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b79q8jv Anhedonia is Associated With Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus to Nucleus Accumbens Resting-State Functional Connectivity https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2b79q8jv Mon, 2 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Leonard, Bianca Granger, Steven https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-4897 Adams, Joren McMillan, Liv https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-7799 Yassa, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-1498 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xx3b31v BACKGROUND: Anhedonia stands as a life-threatening transdiagnostic feature of many mental illnesses, most notably major depression and involves neural circuits for processing reward information. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is associated with reward-seeking behavior, however, links between the PVT circuit and anhedonia have not been investigated in humans. METHODS: In a sample of adults with and without psychiatric symptoms (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;75, 18-41&nbsp;years, 55 female), we generated an anhedonia factor score for each participant using a latent factor analysis, utilizing data from depression and anxiety assessments. Functional connectivity between the PVT and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was calculated from high-resolution (1.5&nbsp;mm) resting state fMRI. RESULTS: Anhedonia factor scores showed a positive relationship with functional connectivity between the PVT and the NAc, principally in males and in those with psychiatric symptoms. In males, connectivity... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xx3b31v Thu, 29 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Leonard, Bianca T Kark, Sarah M Granger, Steven J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-4897 Adams, Joren G McMillan, Liv https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-7799 Yassa, Michael A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-1498 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rc6m56k OBJECTIVES: Report the development of the patient-centered myAURA application and suite of methods designed to aid epilepsy patients, caregivers, and clinicians in making decisions about self-management and care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: myAURA rests on an unprecedented collection of epilepsy-relevant heterogeneous data resources, such as biomedical databases, social media, and electronic health records (EHRs). We use a patient-centered biomedical dictionary to link the collected data in a multilayer knowledge graph (KG) computed with a generalizable, open-source methodology. RESULTS: Our approach is based on a novel network sparsification method that uses the metric backbone of weighted graphs to discover important edges for inference, recommendation, and visualization. We demonstrate by studying drug-drug interaction from EHRs, extracting epilepsy-focused digital cohorts from social media, and generating a multilayer KG visualization. We also present our patient-centered design... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rc6m56k Thu, 8 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Correia, Rion Brattig Rozum, Jordan C Cross, Leonard Felag, Jack Gallant, Michael Guo, Ziqi Herr, Bruce W Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Sanchez-Valle, Jon Rocha, Deborah Stungis Valencia, Alfonso Wang, Xuan Börner, Katy Miller, Wendy Rocha, Luis M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74z3m7tm BACKGROUND: Alcoholic beverages and the main metabolite of alcohol, acetaldehyde, are known carcinogens. A genetic variant in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, G&gt;A, rs671) leads to decreased efficiency in metabolizing acetaldehyde and is associated with an increased cancer risk. As alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor for various cancers, the identification of ALDH2 deficiency presents an opportunity for precision cancer prevention. METHODS: Our primary objectives were to examine the prevalence of ALDH2 deficiency and alcohol consumption behavior among affected individuals within a large, diverse US national cohort. The prevalence of ALDH2 deficiency was determined by examining the rs671 genotype among 311,290 participants within the All of Us Research Program. Relationships among self-reported alcohol consumption, sociodemographic factors, and the rs671 genotype were analyzed. RESULTS: ALDH2 deficiency was most prevalent among individuals who identified as Asian,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74z3m7tm Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Forman, Danielle Yang, Manxi Chien, Ryan Nguyen, Hester Wong, Caressa Kim, Jacqueline HJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-3927 Ziogas, Argyrios https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-3727 Park, Hannah Lui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-1396 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k87h7rw OBJECTIVES: Racial/ethnic discrimination has been linked to behavioral and emotional problems in youth from marginalized groups. However, the psychological experience associated with discrimination may differ between immigrant and nonimmigrant youth. Race-based discrimination may impact an adolescent's view of their own group (private regard) and/or their sense of how others view their group (public regard). Owing to differences in racialization, immigrant adolescents may be affected differently by experiences of discrimination than their U.S.-born peers. The present study examined whether nativity moderated the paths from racial/ethnic discrimination to private and public regard to mental health problems among Vietnamese American youth. METHOD: Surveys were completed by 718 Vietnamese American 10th and 11th graders (<i>M</i>_age = 15.54 years, 61.4% female, 38.6% male). In this sample, 21.2% were first-generation (i.e., born outside of the United States) and 78.8% were... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3k87h7rw Wed, 16 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Yu, Stephanie H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-8718 Saephan, Austin Weiss, Bahr Shih, Josephine H Tsai, William Kim, Jacqueline HJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-3927 Lau, Anna S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jw2n4kv INTRODUCTION: This mixed-method longitudinal study examined American adolescents' meaning making of salient COVID-19 pandemic events. METHOD: Within phone interviews, adolescents (N = 124, M_age = 15.76 years; 46% Latine) narrated their most emotionally impactful pandemic experience at two time points ~30 days apart between July 2020 and March 2021. Narratives were coded for (1) content (i.e., event-type, relation to the pandemic, and the valence of the event [positive or negative]), (2) linguistic markers of subjective event processing (internal state language such as&nbsp;positive emotion, negative emotion, and cognition words), (3) narrative meaning-making, and (4) the outcome&nbsp;of adolescents' meaning-making (i.e., their "meanings made"). RESULTS: About 30% of adolescents spontaneously made meaning of their experience. Negative emotion words within narratives at time 1 positively predicted meaning making at time 2. Meaning making at time 1 predicted increased... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jw2n4kv Tue, 15 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Peplak, Joanna Taffe, Rachel Klemfuss, J Zoe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-8324 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bc2f74s INTRODUCTION: To address gaps in understanding disparities of posttraumatic growth among childhood cancer survivors, the aims of this study were to (1) compare satisfaction, resilience, and achievement among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White survivors; and (2) examine relationships between sociodemographic and clinical factors with satisfaction, resilience, and achievement. METHOD: Survivors (N = 116) at Children's Hospital of Orange County After Cancer Treatment Survivorship Program completed the Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition. RESULTS: Resilience (p = .003) and achievement (p = .005) were lower among Hispanic survivors. Resilience was positively associated with satisfaction (p &lt; .01) and achievement (p &lt; .01) and achievement was positively associated with years of schooling (p &lt; .01). No differences were found between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White satisfaction scores (p = .95). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest ethnic disparities in posttraumatic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bc2f74s Tue, 15 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rosales, Paula Evangelista, Lorraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1708-4186 Guo, Yuqing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-0144 Agbayani, Crystle-Joie G Kain, Zeev N Fortier, Michelle A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c61828h Normotensive African Americans (AAs) show attenuated vascular responses and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability compared to European Americans (EAs). Few studies have used diverse measures to examine differences in macrovascular function and structure in individuals with a family history of CV disease (CVD). We assessed 150 AAs (M_age, 23.57 ± 2.73 yr) and 104 EAs (Mage, 22.70 ± 2.86) with a confirmed family history of CVD. Age, sex, body mass index, and father's education were used as covariates, hemodynamic measures (heart-rate [HR], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output [CO], total peripheral resistance [TPR], mean arterial pressure [MAP], systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP/DBP], and pulse pressure [PP]), high-frequency heart-rate variability [HF-HRV], and endothelial-dependent arterial dilation [EDAD] were the dependent variables. AA's had lower EDAD (11.64 vs. 13.20%) and higher HF-HRV (7.31 vs. 7.11 ms²), TPR (17.60 vs. 15.93 mmHg/L/min),... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8c61828h Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Thayer, Julian F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-3421 Watanabe, Darcianne K Birenbaum, Julia Koenig, Julian Jarczok, Marc Williams, DeWayne P Kapuku, Gaston K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r46v3br BACKGROUND: Black women generally report high levels of spirituality. Less is known about Black women's spiritual coping with a cancer diagnosis. Persisting health disparities between Black breast cancer survivors and other racial groups necessitate examining whether spirituality can be a contextual and personal resource for Black women with breast cancer. AIMS: This qualitative study's goals were to: (1) characterize positive and negative dimensions of spirituality in a sample of Black women diagnosed with breast cancer; and (2) examine whether and how women used spirituality during their cancer experience. METHODS: Three Gatherings (i.e., culturally curated focus groups) were conducted as part of Project SOAR (Speaking Our African American Realities), a community-academic partnership. In these all-Black women Gatherings, participants (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;37) discussed their breast cancer experience, including how spirituality played a role. RESULTS: Through reflexive thematic analysis,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2r46v3br Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Owoyemi, Praise Denyse, Tammie Pageot, Yrvane K Martin, Kimberly J DeLuz, K Denise Kim, Jacqueline HJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-3927 Stanton, Annette L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-2549 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z66s930 Previous research has examined parents' reflections on their child's Down syndrome diagnosis based on whether the diagnosis was provided prenatally or after birth, revealing few significant differences; by comparison, few studies have examined parents' reflections on the birth of the child in relation to the timing of the diagnosis. This study was conducted to examine whether mothers differentially reported on and rated the diagnosis, birth, and most recent birthday of their child with DS based on when the diagnosis was provided. Forty-four American mothers of children with DS discussed the birth of their child, when they learned of their child's DS diagnosis, and their child's most recent birthday with a researcher. Participants also completed online questionnaires on which they rated the events and indicated how they felt about the events at the time of their occurrence and at the time of the study. The results revealed that participants who received a prenatal diagnosis of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5z66s930 Mon, 7 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Lukowski, Angela F Bohanek, Jennifer G https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4492f9wh In several highly publicized hearings, Dr. Christine Blasey Ford and Judge Brett Kavanaugh presented two opposing accounts of an alleged sexual assault. In the wake of these proceedings, partisans appeared similarly divided in how they regarded this political event. Using a U.S. national sample (<i>N</i> = 2,474) and a mixed-methods design, we investigated partisans' perceptions of, and responses to, the Ford-Kavanaugh hearings. Respondents reported their views of the hearings soon after they occurred. We used topic modeling to analyze these open-ended responses and found uniquely partisan topics emerged, including judicial impartiality and due process. Acute stress (AS) responses to the hearings were also related to partisan identities and perceptions; both Republicans (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.78, 0.84]) and individuals who wrote more about Republican topics (IRR = 0.72, 95% CI = [0.56, 0.92]) reported lower AS than their Democratic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4492f9wh Sat, 5 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Grisham, Emma L Dashtgard, Pasha Relihan, Daniel P Holman, E Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8403 Silver, Roxane Cohen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-6792 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bn6f0rs Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a key cause of mortality worldwide. Prior work has found that the association between stress and cardiovascular outcomes is moderated by emotion regulation (ER) and expressive suppression (i.e., emotion inhibition), which is linked with adverse outcomes (i.e., inflammation) in Western (Americans) but not Eastern (Japanese) populations. Existing cultural differences in biological stress responses and suppression use suggest that these factors may have different implications for CV outcomes. Objective: We address this gap in the literature by examining if ER differentially moderates the relationship between stress and CVD risk between Japanese and American adults. Method: Participants were from the Midlife in Japan and Midlife in the United States studies and had complete biomarker and psychological data (Japanese: <i>N</i> = 315, <i>M</i> _age = 59.22, 149 females; Americans: <i>N</i> = 524, <i>M</i> _age = 51.98,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bn6f0rs Fri, 4 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Watanabe, Darcianne K Kitayama, Shinobu Williams, DeWayne P Thayer, Julian F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-3421 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17935882 Resting heart rate variability (HRV) is typically higher in those with better emotional well-being. In the current study, we examined whether changes in resting HRV mediated changes in negative emotions during a 7-week clinical trial of HRV biofeedback. Younger and older adults were randomly assigned to one of two daily biofeedback practices for 5&nbsp;weeks: (1) engage in slow-paced breathing to increase the amplitude of oscillations in heart rate at their breathing frequency (Osc+); or (2) engage in self-selected strategies to decrease heart rate oscillations (Osc−). We assessed negative emotion using the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Resting HRV at pre-intervention was significantly higher among those with lower negative emotion scores. Those participants showing greater increases in resting HRV showed greater decreases in negative emotion. In a mediation model with all participants, resting HRV changes significantly mediated the relationship... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17935882 Tue, 1 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jung, Heidi Yoo, Hyun Joo Choi, Paul Nashiro, Kaoru Min, Jungwon Cho, Christine Thayer, Julian F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-3421 Lehrer, Paul Mather, Mara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6d58r5sb Introduction: Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) encompass severe and chronic mood disorders associated with social functioning difficulties. However, little work has examined more nuanced aspects of social functioning in BSDs. Methods: This investigation recruited 1, 934 emerging adult college students to examine associations of self-reported bipolar spectrum risk (including both BSD risk and current mania and depressive mood symptoms) with social functioning with peers (including social network quantity and quality, social support, and social strain). Results: Self-reported BSD risk was associated with greater social strain, but also greater social network quantity (or size) and social support. Post-hoc results suggest that self-reported mood symptoms were similarly associated with increased social conflict, but also greater social network quantity (or size) and social support. Discussion: Taken together, these findings indicate a complex picture in which BSD risk and mood symptoms... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6d58r5sb Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ibonie, Stevi G Young, Gerald Ploe, Montana L Mauss, Iris B https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-4795 Alloy, Lauren B Borelli, Jessica L Bullock, Ben Holley, Sarah R Jopling, Ellen Kamble, Shanmukh LeMoult, Joelle Mason, Liam Moriarity, Daniel P Nusslock, Robin Okuma, Amie Rutledge, Robb B Strauss, Gregory Villanueva, Cynthia M Gruber, June https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wn708jq Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) deficits may contribute to small vessel disease, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Moreover, apolipoprotein-e4 (APOE4) carriers at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease exhibit cerebrovascular dysfunction relative to non-carriers. We examined whether older adults, and APOE4 carriers specifically, with diminished CVR would exhibit higher WMH burden. Independently living older adults (N = 125, mean age = 69.2 years; SD = 7.6; 31.2% male) free of dementia or clinical stroke underwent brain MRI to quantify cerebral perfusion during CVR to hypercapnia and hypocapnia and determine WMH volume. Adjusting for age, sex and intracranial volume, hierarchical regression analysis revealed a significant association between whole brain CVR to hypercapnia and WMH overall [B = -.02, 95% CI (-.04, -.008), p =.003] and in APOE4 carriers [B = -.03, 95% CI (-.06, -.009), p =.009]. Findings suggest deficits in cerebral vasodilatory capacity are associated with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wn708jq Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kapoor, Arunima Dutt, Shubir Alitin, John Paul M Sible, Isabel J Marshall, Anisa Shenasa, Fatemah Engstrom, Allison C Gaubert, Aimée Shao, Xingfeng Bradford, David Robert Rodgers, Kathleen Mather, Mara Wang, Danny JJ Nation, Daniel A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qj2f5z5 Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) predicts age-related hippocampal atrophy, neurodegeneration, and memory decline in older adults. Beat-to-beat BPV may represent a more reliable and efficient tool for prospective risk assessment, but it is unknown whether beat-to-beat BPV is similarly associated with hippocampal neurodegeneration, or with plasma markers of neuroaxonal/neuroglial injury. Independently living older adults without a history of dementia, stroke, or other major neurological disorders were recruited from the community (N = 104; age = 69.5 ± 6.7 (range 55–89); 63% female). Participants underwent continuous blood pressure monitoring, brain MRI, venipuncture, and cognitive testing over two visits. Hippocampal volumes, plasma neurofilament light, and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were assessed. Beat-to-beat BPV was quantified as systolic blood pressure average real variability during 7-min of supine continuous blood pressure monitoring. The cross-sectional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qj2f5z5 Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Lohman, Trevor Sible, Isabel Engstrom, Allison C Kapoor, Arunima Shenasa, Fatemah Head, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-6396 Sordo, Lorena Alitin, John Paul M Gaubert, Aimee Nguyen, Amy Rodgers, Kathleen E Bradford, David Nation, Daniel A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s2821m8 This proof-of- concept study focused on interviewers' behaviors and perceptions when interacting with a dynamic AI child avatar alleging abuse. Professionals (<i>N</i> = 68) took part in a virtual reality (VR) study in which they questioned an avatar presented as a child victim of sexual or physical abuse. Of interest was how interviewers questioned the avatar, how productive the child avatar was in response, and how interviewers perceived the VR interaction. Findings suggested alignment between interviewers' virtual questioning approaches and interviewers' typical questioning behavior in real-world investigative interviews, with a diverse range of questions used to elicit disclosures from the child avatar. The avatar responded to most question types as children typically do, though more nuanced programming of the avatar's productivity in response to complex question types is needed. Participants rated the avatar positively and felt comfortable with the VR experience. Results... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s2821m8 Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Baugerud, Gunn-Astrid Johnson, Miriam S Dianiska, Rachel Røed, Ragnhild K Powell, Martine B Lamb, Michael E Hassan, Syed Zohaib Sabet, Saaed S Hicks, Steven Salehi, Pegah Riegler, Michael A Halvorsen, Pål Quas, Jodi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mm287vr Although adolescents are at elevated risk of sexual victimisation, very limited research has focused on how best to interview suspected adolescent victims. The current study was conducted to lay the groundwork for the development of best-practice interviewing approaches with adolescents when sexual victimisation is suspected. Expert interviewers with experience and knowledge in interviewing suspected adolescent victims were asked about common challenges they encounter with adolescent interviewees and how they tailor their interviews for this population. The findings indicated that adolescents are often reluctant to disclose, and the strategies the interviewers use to meet the unique needs of adolescents hinge on respecting each adolescent as a relatively autonomous and independent person. Identifying which strategies expert interviewers use is a fruitful starting point for future experimental research that can test and ultimately develop evidence-based practices for this population,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mm287vr Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Deck, Sarah L Quas, Jodi A Powell, Martine B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c8844fw OBJECTIVE: A natural experiment that provided income supplements to families has been associated with beneficial outcomes for children that persisted into adulthood. The children in this study are now adults, and many are parents. METHOD: The study builds on the longitudinal, representative Great Smoky Mountains study conducted from 1993 to 2020. At follow-up in their late 30s, 1,094 of the 1,348 living participants (81.2%) were assessed. Of these participants (67.6%), 739 were parents. A tribe in the area implemented a cash transfer program of approximately $5,000 annually per person to every tribal member based on the profits received from operating a casino. Ten aspects of the home environment of participants were assessed (eg, family chaos, substance use, and food insecurity) as well as a composite measure across all home environment indicators. The proposed analyses were preregistered (https://osf.io/ex638). RESULTS: Of the 739 parents assessed, 192 (26.0%) were American... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c8844fw Tue, 18 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Copeland, William E Tong, Guangyu Shanahan, Lilly Rothenberg, W Andrew Lansford, Jennifer E Godwin, Jennifer W Rybińska, Anna Odgers, Candice L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-6618 Dodge, Kenneth A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f72x0f4 OBJECTIVES: More frequent engagement in social activity is often associated with better physical health outcomes. Yet, less is known about whether engagement in a greater variety of social activities such as a mix of volunteering and attending club meetings (social activity variety) is important for health. The current study assessed whether social activity variety relates to mortality risk after adjusting for social activity frequency, nonsocial activity frequency and variety, and sociodemographic covariates, and how this relationship varies depending on age. METHODS: Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we included 5,017 adults aged 51 and older who completed questions about social activity participation in 2008 and whose mortality status was recorded up to 2019. We also examined whether age moderated the relationship between social activity variety and mortality risk. RESULTS: Cox proportional hazard model analyses revealed that those with higher activity variety... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f72x0f4 Fri, 7 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jeon, Sangha Turiano, Nicholas A Charles, Susan T https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-5335 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sc0c83n The present study investigated the longitudinal direct and indirect relations between mothers' and fathers' math ability self-concept, their child-specific math performance expectations and encouragement of math and science-related activities at home, and girls' and boys' math ability self-concept. Structural equation models were performed with longitudinal data from three waves of the Childhood and Beyond Study (CAB). The final sample consisted of 517 children and their mothers and fathers. The majority of children attended 2nd (26.1%), 3rd (25.5%) or 5th (40.4%) grade at first measurement point. Our results suggest that mothers and fathers with higher math ability self-concepts had higher expectations of their sons and encouraged their sons more, but not their daughters. Fathers' math ability self-concept was indirectly related to the self-concept of their sons and this association was mediated by performance expectations. Furthermore, both boys and girls profited from their... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sc0c83n Mon, 3 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Feige, Paulina Watermann, Rainer Simpkins, Sandra Eccles, Jacquelynne Sue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-9330 Oppermann, Elisa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/797154dq Cultural consensus theory is a statistical framework (CCT) for the study of individual differences in the knowledge of culturally shared opinions. In this article, we demonstrate how a CCT analysis can be used to study individual differences and cultural consensus on what makes people feel loved, or more generally any social behaviors that are governed by cognitive schemata. To highlight the advantages of the method, we describe a study in which people reported on their everyday experiences of feeling loved. Our unique approach to understanding this topic is to focus on people’s cognitive evaluations on what feeling loved (both romantically and nonromantically) entails by exploring the shared agreement regarding when one is most likely to feel loved and the individual differences that influence knowledge of these shared agreements. Our results reveal that people converge on a consensus about indicators of expressed love and that these scenarios are both romantic and nonromantic.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/797154dq Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Heshmati, Saeideh Oravecz, Zita Pressman, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-6466 Batchelder, William H Muth, Chelsea Vandekerckhove, Joachim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-5937 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0g5337nb OBJECTIVES: Theoretical perspectives on aging suggest that when people experience declines in later life, they often selectively focus on maintaining aspects of their lives that are most meaningful and important to them. The social domain is one of these selected areas. The current study examines people's reports of control over their daily stressors over 10 years, predicting that the declines in control that are often observed in later life will not be observed for stressors involving interpersonal conflict and tensions with social partners. METHODS: Adults ranging from 35 to 86 years old at baseline (N = 1,940), from the National Study of Daily Experiences, reported control over interpersonal and noninterpersonal daily stressors across 8 consecutive days at 2 time points, about 10 years apart. RESULTS: Findings from multilevel models indicate that for noninterpersonal stressors, perceived control decreased over time. In contrast, perceived control over interpersonal conflicts... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0g5337nb Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Cerino, Eric S Charles, Susan T https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-5335 Piazza, Jennifer R Rush, Jonathan Looper, Ashley M Witzel, Dakota D Mogle, Jacqueline Almeida, David M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gq6565p Introduction: There is a need for greater scientific attention to research on violence (e.g., insults, intimidation, beatings) in contexts where such behaviors are prevalent. The agonizing win-lose vision that oftentimes is characteristic of sports competition is not understood in the same way in grassroots sports as in professional sports. Although increasingly frequent, the federative systems for young athletes replicate professional competitions, and the agonizing win-lose vision and psychosocial agents that characterize sports competitions do not impact grassroots sports in the same way as in professional sports. The present study aimed to establish a predictive model of the influence of exposure to violence in initiation sports on peer social relations under competitive situations in young athletes. Method: Through a descriptive, non-randomized, and associative study, a sample of 503 young athletes (M_age = 14.76 1 ± 72 years; 54.80% girls) was recollected, belonging... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gq6565p Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 González-Hernández, Juan Gómez-López, Manuel Carlo, Gustavo Manzano-Sánchez, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rj4m348 This study compared the processing of non-binary morphemes in Spanish (e.g., todxs, todes) with the processing of canonical grammatical gender violations in Spanish pronouns (e.g., Los maestros… todas…). Using self-paced reading, the study examined how individual differences in working memory and gender/sex diversity beliefs affected language processing at three regions of interest (ROI): the pronoun, the pronoun +1, and the pronoun +2. Seventy-eight Spanish-English bilinguals completed two self-paced reading tasks, one with non-binary pronouns and another with grammatical gender violations, as well as a working memory task, a language dominance questionnaire, and a gender/sex diversity beliefs questionnaire. Processing costs were operationalized as longer reaction times (RTs) or inaccurate responses. Results showed overall processing costs for non-binary morphemes at all 3 ROIs, but no processing costs were observed in terms of accuracy or response times to the comprehension... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rj4m348 Thu, 13 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Román Irizarry, Alexandra Beatty-Martínez, Anne L Torres, Julio Kroll, Judith F https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-0702 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/833180md For more than 25 years, psychologists have explored how people can develop rich false memories. Murphy et&nbsp;al. (2023) replicated the original “lost in the mall” study (Loftus and Pickrell 1995), demonstrating that 35% of participants developed false beliefs or memories. Andrews and Brewin (in press) reanalyzed Murphy et&nbsp;al.'s data, concluding that participants who developed false memories reported 25% of the suggested details and 50% of their reports were potentially real memories. Based on this, Andrews and Brewin posited that only 4% of Murphy et&nbsp;al.'s participants developed false memories. We take issue with Andrews and Brewin's conclusions. Given human memory is reconstructive, we should expect participants' reports to contain remnants of accurate memories, self or schematic knowledge, or speculation. Moreover, even low false memory rates can be practically important. What matters is that suggestive influences can lead to substantial memory distortions and even... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/833180md Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Wade, Kimberley A Riesthuis, Paul Bücken, Charlotte Otgaar, Henry Loftus, Elizabeth F https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2230-6110 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50b9c73x INTRODUCTION: Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), suggesting CVR is a biomarker for vascular contributions to MCI. This study examined if spontaneous CVR is associated with MCI and memory impairment. METHODS: One hundred sixty-one older adults free of dementia or major neurological/psychiatric disorders were recruited. Participants underwent clinical interviews, cognitive testing, venipuncture for Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Spontaneous CVR was quantified during 5 minutes of rest. Respiratory gases analyzed through nasal cannula to quantify end-tidal carbon dioxide (_ETCO₂) levels were used to estimate CVR. RESULTS: Whole brain CVR was negatively associated with age, but not MCI. Lower CVR in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) was found in participants with MCI and was linked to worse memory performance on memory tests. Results remained significant... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/50b9c73x Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Engstrom, Allison C Alitin, John Paul M Kapoor, Arunima Dutt, Shubir Lohman, Trevor Sible, Isabel J Marshall, Anisa J Shenasa, Fatemah Gaubert, Aimée Ferrer, Farrah Nguyen, Amy Bradford, David Robert Rodgers, Kathleen Sordo, Lorena Head, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-6396 Shao, Xingfeng Wang, Danny JJ Nation, Daniel A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32c73395 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285152.]. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32c73395 Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Staff, The PLOS ONE https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nm9b9td Park et al.’s (2022) goal of bringing conceptual clarity to the study of psychological aspects of well-being is a good one. We consider their work in terms of its implications for moving towards an understanding of well-being that reflects the full spectrum of human experience, especially the experience of people who remain underrepresented, and poorly accounted for, in psychological science. In our view, there is reason to think that strengthening existing frameworks and broadening in terms of methodologies will be most productive for developing a comprehensive and inclusive understanding of well-being. We describe the distinct strength of the subjective well-being (SWB) construct for this purpose and offer two empirical examples that highlight the value of multiple measures and methods for understanding well-being. We suggest that continued use of the SWB measure, combined with state-of-the-art emotion measurement, and a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies be recommended... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nm9b9td Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Campos, Belinda Sanchez Hernandez, Hugo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3903d1j8 In Miller v. Alabama (2012), the Supreme Court abolished mandatory juvenile life without parole (JLWOP) sentences and subsequently decided that the ruling applied retroactively (Montgomery v. Louisiana, 2016), effectively rendering thousands of inmates eligible for resentencing and potential release from prison. In its decisions, the Court cited developmental science, noting that youth, by virtue of their transient immaturity, are less culpable and more amenable to rehabilitation relative to their adult counterparts. Specifically, the Court notes adolescents' propensity for impulsive action, sensitivity to social influence, and difficulty understanding long-term consequences. Even so, these rulings raised concerns regarding the consequences of releasing prisoners who had committed heinous crimes as juveniles. Several years after the Court's decision, preliminary data are now available to shed light on rates of recidivism among those released. The current paper comprises three... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3903d1j8 Mon, 10 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sbeglia, Colleen Simmons, Cortney Icenogle, Grace Levick, Marsha Peniche, Monica Beardslee, Jordan Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16r0j4q4 BACKGROUND: Acute psychosocial stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and triggers the release of cortisol, a commonly used biomarker of stress reactivity. Yet only 25 % of studies have reported a correlation between cortisol and affective responses to stress. This study aimed to examine whether cortisol reactivity following an acute psychosocial stressor in the laboratory correlated with concurrent positive and negative affect in adolescents, and whether early life adversity (ELA) moderated this relationship. METHODS: The current study examined the salivary cortisol response of 89 adolescents (46.1 % female) following administration of the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C). Using 7 simultaneous measurements, changes in cortisol were compared to changes in concurrent affect using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Parents reported their child's exposure to ELA. RESULTS: Within-person variability in cortisol was associated with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16r0j4q4 Thu, 6 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dveirin, Haley Acuna, Victoria Tran, Mai-Lan Antici, Elizabeth E Kuhlman, Kate Ryan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-0449 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sh3p1bw BACKGROUND: Stress plays a pivotal role in physical health. Although many studies have linked stress reactivity (daily within-person associations between stress exposure and negative affect) to physical health outcomes, we know surprisingly little about how changes in stress reactivity are related to changes in physical health. PURPOSE: The current study examines how change in stress reactivity over 18 years is related to changes in functional health and chronic health conditions. METHODS: Three measurement bursts from the National Study of Daily Experiences (N = 2880; 55% female) each included daily measures of stressor exposure and negative affect across 8 consecutive days, yielding 33 944 days of data across 18 years of adulthood. At each wave, participants reported their functional health limitations (ie, basic activities of daily living [ADL] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) and chronic health conditions. Multilevel structural equation models simultaneously... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sh3p1bw Mon, 3 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rush, Jonathan Charles, Susan T https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-5335 Willroth, Emily C Cerino, Eric S Piazza, Jennifer R Almeida, David M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bf2k0pv Accumulating evidence indicates that unpredictable signals in early life represent a unique form of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associated with disrupted neurodevelopmental trajectories in children and adolescents. The Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood (QUIC) was developed to assess early life unpredictability [1], encompassing social, emotional, and physical unpredictability in a child's environment, and has been validated in three independent cohorts. However, the importance of identifying ACEs in diverse populations, including non-English speaking groups, necessitates translation of the QUIC. The current study aims to translate and validate a Spanish language version of the QUIC (QUIC-SP) and assess its associations with mental and physical health. Spanish-speaking participants (N = 285) were recruited via the online market crowdsourcing platform, Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), and completed an online survey that included the QUIC-SP and validated Spanish... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bf2k0pv Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Sabrina R Bailey, Natasha A Romero-González, Sara Moors, Amy Campos, Belinda Davis, Elysia Poggi Glynn, Laura M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cs7t9gq PURPOSE: This longitudinal mixed-method study examined the content and qualities of parent-adolescent conversations about the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether discourse about social responsibility (i.e., care for others and health protective behaviors [HPBs]) within conversations predicted changes in adolescents' socially responsible behavior across the first year of the pandemic. METHODS: Participants were 122 ethnically/racially diverse parent-adolescent dyads from Southern California. In spring 2020 (Time 1), adolescents completed an online survey measuring their engagement in HPBs (e.g., social distancing) and prosociality (both pandemic-specific and global). A few months following survey completion (Time 2), parent-adolescent dyads engaged in an audio-recorded conversation about the pandemic. In winter 2020 (Time 3), adolescents' engagement in HPBs and prosociality were reassessed via an online survey. RESULTS: Dyads spent 25% of conversational turns, on average, discussing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cs7t9gq Thu, 30 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Peplak, Joanna Klemfuss, J Zoe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-8324 Yates, Tuppett M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fz7960j In a world faced with ever-growing crises of climate change, economic inequality, and social injustice, sustainability has become a catch-all term to address these challenges and more. However, efforts to measure the social, environmental, and economic factors of sustainability are undermined by inconsistent understandings of the term. This research seeks to address this gap in sustainability research by constructing a wide-reaching propensity instrument that incorporates the different constructs of sustainability. A literature review informed propensity instrument construction. The first version of the instrument included 269 items, which were narrowed to 100 after an iterative process of merging, refinement, and elimination. The 100 scale items were deployed through an online survey, where 162 responses were collected to inform data analysis. Principal component analysis revealed two primary factors of Sustainable Behavior and Sustainability Attitude. After further refinement... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fz7960j Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Theisz, Alec Andrew https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6540-2010 Min, Aehong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-2126 Shih, Patrick C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-0468 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ts0f02w This study investigates the complexities faced by emergency managers in wildfire-prone areas to uncover pressing issues and potential solutions. Four themes are discerned through three focus group discussions with emergency managers from nine counties across California. First, there is unequal access to resources for both risk assessment and response, with counties that have fewer resources facing significant challenges in effectively managing wildfire risks. Second, effective risk communication depends on the available resources and the unique characteristics of each community. Participants stress the need for improved communication tools to reach vulnerable groups (e.g., seniors, individuals with disabilities, non-English-speaking residents). Third, the complexity and confusion surrounding multi-level collaboration in wildfire management is a recurring theme. Participants note that unclear roles and responsibilities between state and federal agencies hinder response efforts,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ts0f02w Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ermagun, Alireza Thompson, Diego Vahedifard, Farshid Silver, Roxane Cohen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-6792 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3646v5w6 Savoring impacts parents' emotions and parent-child relationship quality. Using data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 164 mothers of 18-27-month-olds, 37 interveners) conducted with a community sample in the United States, this study examined predictors of fidelity and treatment outcomes across two savoring preventative interventions (relational savoring and personal savoring). Treatment outcome indicators were selected from a battery administered immediately post-intervention (maternal closeness to child) and at a 3-month follow-up (maternal sensitivity, reflective functioning). We examined whether intervener education level (bachelor's degree/no bachelor's degree) predicted fidelity (Research Question 1), whether intervener education level predicted treatment outcomes (Research Question 2), and whether fidelity predicted treatment outcomes (Research Question 3). In many cases, intervener education background was not related to fidelity or treatment outcome; however, interveners... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3646v5w6 Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Borelli, Jessica L Perzolli, Silvia Kerr, Margaret Smiley, Patricia A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d06q4ps Addressing mental health aftershocks from the Turkey–Syria earthquake: a call to action https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d06q4ps Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Garfin, Dana Rose Silver, Roxane Cohen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-6792 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rp9806k Working memory (WM) plays a crucial role in human cognition. Previous candidate and genome-wide association studies have reported many genetic variations associated with WM. However, little research has examined genetic basis of WM by using transcriptome, even though it reflects gene function more directly than does the genome. Here we propose a new approach to exploring the genetic mechanisms of WM by integrating connectome, transcriptome, and genome data in a high-quality dataset comprising 481 Chinese healthy adults. First, relevance vector regression was used to define WM-related brain regions. Second, genes differentially expressed within these regions were identified using the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) dataset. Finally, two independent datasets were used to validate these genes' contributions to WM. With this method, we identified 24 novel genes and 20 of them were confirmed in the large-scale datasets of ABCD and UK Biobank. These novel genes were enriched in the cellular... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rp9806k Sat, 25 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Zhao, Xiaoyu Yin, Ruochen Chen, Chuansheng Markett, Sebastian Wang, Xinrui Xue, Gui Dong, Qi Chen, Chunhui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8224-1005 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46b14815 Preserving the ability to vividly recall emotionally rich experiences contributes to quality of life in older adulthood. While prior works suggest that moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) may bolster memory, it is unclear whether this extends to emotionally salient memories consolidated during sleep. In the current study, older adults (mean age = 72.3 ± 5.8) completed an overnight polysomnography assessment with emotional memory tested before and after sleep and a self-report questionnaire assessing habitual PA. Results show that better negative emotional memory consolidation was associated with the frequency and duration of MPA. Statistically replacing 30&nbsp;min of lower-intensity activity with MPA was associated with better negative emotional memory consolidation. MPA may enhance sleep-dependent consolidation of negative memories in older adults, with modest increases in MPA yielding significant consolidation benefits. Findings may guide interventions and inform public... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46b14815 Mon, 20 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Chappel-Farley, Miranda G Berisha, Destiny E Dave, Abhishek Sanders, Rachel M Kline, Christopher E Janecek, John T Sattari, Negin Lui, Kitty K Chen, Ivy Y Neikrug, Ariel B Benca, Ruth M Yassa, Michael A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-1498 Mander, Bryce A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0831-7980 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r28z4mw Alternatives to traditional categorical diagnoses have been proposed to improve the validity and utility of psychiatric nosology. This paper continues the companion review of an alternative model, the psychosis superspectrum of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The superspectrum model aims to describe psychosis-related psychopathology according to data on distributions and associations among signs and symptoms. The superspectrum includes psychoticism and detachment spectra as well as narrow subdimensions within them. Auxiliary domains of cognitive deficit and functional impairment complete the psychopathology profile. The current paper reviews evidence on this model from neurobiology, treatment response, clinical utility, and measure development. Neurobiology research suggests that psychopathology included in the superspectrum shows similar patterns of neural alterations. Treatment response often mirrors the hierarchy of the superspectrum with some treatments... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r28z4mw Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kotov, Roman Carpenter, William T Cicero, David C Correll, Christoph U Martin, Elizabeth A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8893-1667 Young, Jared W Zald, David H Jonas, Katherine G https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mn259jd INTRODUCTION: In the United States, sport is a common form of youth physical activity (PA) with demonstrated health benefits. However, limited longitudinal dataexists on the psychosocial determinants and consequences of youth sport participation. This study examined grade 6 (11-12-year-old) predictors of high school organized sport participation and effects of high school sport participation on age 26 behavior, mental health and wellbeing. METHODS: Structural equation models tested relationships using the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). Half of the sample was male, and played organized sports at ages 15 and 18. Eighty percent of the sample was white. RESULTS: Grade 6 predictors of playing high school sport were: child enjoys PA, parent enjoys PA, parent feels physical education (PE) is important, and vigorous PA minutes/week. Playing sports at ages 15 and 18 was associated with better wellbeing,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mn259jd Fri, 17 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ramer, Jared D DuBois, David L Duncan, Robert J Bustamante, Andres S Vandell, Deborah L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-9783 Marquez, David X Bustamante, Eduardo E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xn6v872 Emerging research suggests that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in stress. We assess stress-microbiome associations in two samples of healthy adults across three stress domains (perceived stress, stressful life events, and biological stress /Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia; RSA). Study 1 (n = 62; mean-age = 37.3&nbsp;years; 68% female) and Study 2 (n = 74; mean-age = 41.6&nbsp;years; female only) measured RSA during laboratory stressors and used 16S rRNA pyrosequencing to classify gut microbial composition from fecal samples. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used to predict functional pathways of metagenomes. Results showed differences in beta diversity between high and low stressful life events groups across both studies. Study 1 revealed differences in beta diversity between high and low RSA groups. In Study 1, the low perceived stress group was higher in alpha diversity than the high perceived stress group. Levels of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xn6v872 Thu, 16 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Delgadillo, Desiree R Borelli, Jessica L Mayer, Emeran A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3923-3349 Labus, Jennifer S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6634-2551 Cross, Marie P Pressman, Sarah D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-6466 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wq7h6bg The increasing cultural diversity in the United States means more college students identify with racial and ethnic minority backgrounds and may experience acculturative stress. Emerging research has found an association between acculturative stress and maladaptive eating. However, these studies rarely consider other theoretical factors or confounders, and individual differences. Thus, the unique contribution of acculturative stress and the generalizability of previous findings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigated the role of acculturative stress and self-construal (i.e., how individuals define themselves in relation to others in social environments) in maladaptive eating among female college students. METHOD: Participants were 446 female young adults (M_age&nbsp;=&nbsp;20.38, SD&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.75; M_BMI&nbsp;=&nbsp;23.42, SD&nbsp;=&nbsp;4.62) who completed online questionnaires. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling results showed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3wq7h6bg Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Peiyi Chen, Chuansheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8224-1005 Yim, Ilona S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-7253 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fw2q41v The amyloid beta (Aβ) 42/40 ratio has been widely studied as a biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, other Aβ peptides could also represent relevant biomarkers. We measured levels of Aβ38/40/42 in plasma samples from cognitively-unimpaired older adults and determined the relationships between Aβ levels and amyloid positron-emission-tomography (PET) and performance on a learning and memory task. We found that all Aβ peptides individually and the Aβ42/40 ratio, but not the Aβ42/38 ratio, were significantly correlated with brain amyloid (Aβ-PET). Multiple linear modeling, adjusting for age, sex, education, APOE4 and Aβ-PET showed significant associations between the Aβ42/38 ratio and memory. Further, associations between the Aβ42/38 ratio and learning scores were stronger in males and in Aβ-PET-negative individuals. In contrast, no significant associations were detected between the Aβ42/40 ratio and any learning measure. These studies implicate the Aβ42/38 ratio as a biomarker... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fw2q41v Mon, 13 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Bamford, Alison R Adams, Jenna N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-3851 Kim, Soyun McMillan, Liv C https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-7799 Malhas, Rond Mapstone, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-8057 Hitt, Brian D Yassa, Michael A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-1498 Thomas, Elizabeth A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43t654rk Purpose of ReviewWe evaluated the impact of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) for college students. We organized findings using the RE-AIM framework to include reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance.Recent FindingsWe conducted a systematic literature review of recent findings from 2019–2024. Our search identified 2,701 articles, of which 95 met inclusion criteria. In the reach domain, student samples were overwhelmingly female and White. In the effectiveness domain, over 80% of DMHIs were effective or partially effective at reducing their primary outcome. In the adoption domain, studies reported modest uptake for DMHIs. In the implementation and maintenance domains, studies reported high adherence rates to DMHI content. While recruitment methods were commonly reported, adaptations and costs of implementation and maintenance were rarely reported.SummaryDMHIs for college students are effective for many psychological outcomes. Future work should... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43t654rk Mon, 13 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Taylor, Madison E Liu, Michelle Abelson, Sara Eisenberg, Daniel Lipson, Sarah K Schueller, Stephen M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-0399 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qt1p7jk INTRODUCTION: While a substantial body of existing literature has examined the negative effects of parental psychological control on adolescents' prosocial behaviors, there is a noticeable gap in whether parental psychological control affects prosocial behaviors towards ethnic outgroup members. This three-wave longitudinal study investigated whether similar relations can be observed between parental psychological control and prosocial behaviors targeted at ethnic outgroup persons, and whether these relations are mediated by adolescents' intergroup attitudes. METHODS: Participants were 412 European American adolescents (42% girls; Mage = 15.63 years at Time 1) and their primary caregivers (52% mothers) residing in the United States. They completed online questionnaires. Parents completed a measure of parental psychological control at Time 1. Adolescents completed measures of intergroup attitudes, public, and altruistic outgroup prosocial behavior at all three time points (T1, T2,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qt1p7jk Sat, 11 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Agalar, Afra Laible, Deborah Carlo, Gustavo Liew, Jeffrey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8970z643 The study explores whether racial identity and appearance-based trustworthiness judgments can affect recognition of pain in medical students differing in levels of resting heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of parasympathetic control of the heart. After undergoing HRV assessment, 68 medical students (37 females) participated in a dynamic pain recognition task, viewing video clips of White and Black faces,&nbsp;which differed in perceived trustworthiness based on facial appearance, transitioning from neutral to intense pain expressions. Response time, pain intensity attribution and treatment recommendations were analyzed. Pain was recognized slower and estimated as less intense in Black compared to White faces, leading to a lower likelihood of recommending therapy. Pain recognition was faster for untrustworthy-looking White faces compared to trustworthy ones, while perceived trustworthiness had a minimal impact on the speed of pain recognition in Black faces. However, untrustworthy-looking... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8970z643 Thu, 9 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ceccarelli, Ilenia Bagnis, Arianna Ottaviani, Cristina Thayer, Julian F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-3421 Mattarozzi, Katia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qk3d25z Studies examining the effects of discrimination on emotional well-being have often overlooked (a) differential effects of both everyday and lifetime discrimination and (b) how both types of discrimination may exacerbate stressor-related affect-even when daily stressors are unrelated to discrimination. The current study examined the effects of daily stressors not attributed to discrimination (i.e., nondiscrimination-related daily stressors) on daily negative and positive affect in the presence of either form of discrimination (everyday and lifetime). Participants who completed the second wave of the Survey of Midlife Development in the US (MIDUS-II) and the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE-II) answered questionnaires about everyday and lifetime discrimination. Later, they completed daily phone interviews across 8 consecutive days, asking about the nondiscrimination-related daily stressors and the positive and negative affect they had experienced that day. Multilevel model... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qk3d25z Wed, 8 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Kaur, Amandeep Charles, Susan T https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-5335 Molina, Kristine M Almeida, David M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22z2438p Some Latine youth from rural migrant farmworker communities engage in farmwork to help support themselves and their families. Although research has documented their motives for working and some characteristics of their employment, knowledge about how these youth construct their work in the fields and how such experiences relate to their positive development is needed to depict their holistic experiences. Using mixed methods, we explored youth's farmwork experiences and examined how these experiences relate to youth's prosocial behaviors, civic responsibility, and ego-resiliency. Data are from a mixed-method study of Latine youth and parents in rural and agricultural families in the U.S. Midwest. The present study uses qualitative data from a subsample of 47 youth (Mage = 11.42, 48.8% boys) who participated in interviews and survey activities. Thematic coding of the interviews revealed sociocognitive, socioemotional, skilled-related, and physical experiences, as well as prosocial... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22z2438p Fri, 3 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jiang, Xue Taylor, Zoe E Carlo, Gustavo Suitor, J Jill Ruiz, Yumary https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tk7p5g1 PURPOSE: There is a lack of systematic solutions to manage supportive care issues in racial/ethnic minorities (REM) receiving treatment for cancer. We developed and implemented an electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO)-driven symptom management tool led by oncology pharmacists in a majority-minority cancer center located in Southern California. This study was designed to evaluate the implementation outcomes of our multilevel intervention. METHODS: This was a prospective, pragmatic, implementation study conducted between July 2021 and June 2023. Newly diagnosed adult patients with cancer receiving intravenous anticancer therapies completed symptom screening using ePRO that consists of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System measures at each infusion visit during the study. ePRO results were presented to an oncologist pharmacist for personalized symptom management and treatment counseling. The RE-AIM framework was used to guide implementation outcomes. Differences... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tk7p5g1 Thu, 2 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Chan, Alexandre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-4219 Ng, Ding Quan Arcos, Daniela Heshmatipour, Matthew Lee, Benjamin J Chen, Alison Duong, Lan Van, Linda Nguyen, Thomas Green, Vuong Hoang, Daniel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n62m5sk Stress is a key factor in psychotic relapse, and mindfulness offers stress resilience and well-being benefits. This study examined the effects of mindfulness-based intervention for psychosis (MBI-p) in preventing relapse at 1 year among patients with remitted psychosis in Hong Kong. MBI-p is a newly developed manual-based mindfulness protocol and was tested to have improved well-being and clinical outcomes in a pilot study with remitted psychosis patients. In this multisite, single-blind, 1-year randomized controlled trial (RCT), 152 fully remitted patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or non-affective psychosis were randomized to receive either a 7-week MBI-p or a 7-week psychoeducation program. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention, and then monthly for one year. Relapse rate and severity at one year were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included psychopathology, functioning, mindfulness, and psychosocial factors such as stress and expressed emotions.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n62m5sk Sat, 28 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Hui, Christy Wong, Charlie Lui, Eddie Chiu, Tsz Tao, Tiffany Chan, Evie Lin, Jingxia Tong, Alan Suen, Yi Chan, Charles Yeung, Wai Lee, Edwin Chan, Sherry Chang, Wing Chen, Eric https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74k4s7n4 Background: A number of studies document the benefits of face-to-face social interactions for cognitive functioning among middle-aged and older adults. Social activities in virtual worlds may confer similar if not enhanced cognitive benefits as face-to-face social activities, given that virtual interactions require the additional cognitive tasks of learning and navigating communicative tools and technology platforms. Yet, few studies have examined whether social activities in internet-based settings may have synergistic effects on cognitive functioning beyond those of face-to-face interactions. Objective: This study examined whether internet-based social activity participation is associated with concurrent and later cognitive functioning, after adjusting for face-to-face social activity participation and sociodemographic covariates. Methods: For cross-sectional analyses, we included 3650 adults aged 50 years and older who completed questions in the 2020 Health and Retirement Study... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74k4s7n4 Wed, 25 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Jeon, Sangha Charles, Susan Turk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-5335 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s8k978 Antisocial and illegal behavior generally declines as youth approach adulthood, but there is significant individual variation in the timing of the peak and decline of offending from adolescence to young adulthood. There are two primary research questions in the present study. First, are there subgroups of youth who follow similar patterns of offending over the nine years after their first arrest? Second, what baseline factors predict which youth will follow each pattern of offending? Data were drawn from the Crossroads study, which includes a sample of racially and ethnically diverse boys who were interviewed regularly for 9 years following their first arrest. Boys were between 13 and 17 years old at the start of the study and were approximately 24-25 years old at the final interview. Trajectories were measured with youths' self-reported offending using latent class growth analysis (LCGA). Results indicated that there were four subgroups of youth: a stable low group (55%), an... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s8k978 Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Cauffman, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-5161 Beardslee, Jordan Sbeglia, Colleen Frick, Paul J Steinberg, Laurence