http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucr_chass/rss Recent eScholarship items from College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Tue, 30 Jun 2026 23:10:33 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 BACKGROUND: Living in a country with a large gap between high and low earners has been linked to poor health, including depression. Less studied is gene-by-environment interplay with income inequality as the environmental exposure. Here, we examine the association between childhood exposure to inequality and individual differences in adult depressive symptoms, testing for moderation of genetic influences by inequality using polygenic indices for major depressive disorder, as well as twin models. METHODS: The research participants were 69,924 members of twin studies from four developed countries, born between 1893 and 1979, aged 22-103 years at depressive symptom assessment. Genotyping was available for 6,256 participants. Income inequality was operationalized as share of income accruing to the top 1% for each country when the participants were between age 5 and 15 years. RESULTS: Childhood income inequality was associated with depressive symptom scores in adulthood, adjusting... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Petkus, Andrew J Reynolds, Chandra A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-7173 Finch, Brian K Thomas, Kyla Beam, Christopher R Catts, Vibeke S Ericsson, Malin Finkel, Deborah G Franz, Carol E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755 Kremen, William S Larsen, Lisbeth Aagaard Martin, Nicholas G McGue, Matt Mosing, Miriam A Neiderhiser, Jenae M Nygaard, Marianne Pedersen, Nancy L Thalamuthu, Anbupalam Whitfield, Keith E Gatz, Margaret Consortium, the IGEMS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th8c22k Cognitive decline, in healthy older adults without cognitive impairment or dementia, has been associated with numerous microstructural alterations in brain tissue using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior studies have primarily linked age-related cognitive decline to alterations in white matter tissue, but methodological advances in diffusion-weighted imaging (dMRI) data acquisition and modeling now allow for these analyses to be extended to gray matter tissue. Here, using a sample of 152 healthy adults (18-88 years of age), we used a multicompartment dMRI model to assess (1) age-related differences in gray matter microstructure of functionally defined networks and (2) whether microstructural alterations accounted for age-related differences in episodic memory and speed-dependent fluid cognition. We observed significant age-related alterations in gray matter tissue in the form of nonlinear, age-related increases and decreases in intracellular and dispersed diffusion, respectively,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th8c22k Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Merenstein, Jenna L Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Madden, David J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f63b4kw Adults of all ages are worse at recognizing pairs of items that were previously seen together relative to the individual items, and this paired-associative memory deficit is exacerbated in aging. Less is known about memory for higher associative loads, which place greater demands on binding processes that link items into a cohesive memory trace, among other processes (e.g., working memory, recollection). In this study, adults across the lifespan (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;250, 18-78&nbsp;years) completed a novel recognition task in which they studied word pairs, triplets, and quadruplets and were tested on their memory for repeated, recombined, and novel word sets. Associative memory deficits were seen in adults of all ages as fewer correct responses to repeated sets (hits), more incorrect responses to recombined sets (recombined false alarm, FA), and larger differences between these measures (associative memory) at higher set sizes. In addition, older adults had worse associative memory... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f63b4kw Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Franco, Corinna Y Alcaraz-Torres, Alexander Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nd9f115 <p>Adults of all ages are worse at remembering which pairs of items were previously seen together relative to memory for the individual items, and this paired-associative memory deficit is exacerbated in aging. Less is known about memory for higher-order associations, including whether they place greater demands on the binding processes that link information into a cohesive memory trace. In this study, adults across the lifespan (Experiment 1: n = 250, 18-78 years) and in extreme age groups (Experiment 2: n = 64, 18-25 and 64-78 years) completed a novel recognition task in which they studied word pairs, triplets, and quadruplets and were later tested on their memory for repeated, recombined, and novel word sets. Associative memory deficits were seen in both experiments as the difference between correct responses to repeated (hits) and incorrect responses to recombined (recombined false alarm, FA) sets that decreased from pairs to quadruplets. In addition, older age groups had... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nd9f115 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Franco, Corinna Alcaraz-Torres, Alexander Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hn5j4hf Introduction: Frailty is characterized by a persistent and progressive decline in functional capacity, leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and a heightened risk of adverse health outcomes, both physically and mentally. Despite frailty's prevalence in older adults, there is limited research on its neural substrates. Methods: In this study, we used connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to find a linear relationship between task-based connectomes taken from tasks that involved similar handgrip manipulations and a separate measure of physical frailty: the maximum grip strength in older adults. Results: We observed that the task-based connectomes were able to explain individual differences in grip strength, with the Subcortical and Cerebellum network, particularly the caudate nucleus functional connectivity, being the strongest predictor. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that task-based functional connectomes can serve as personalized markers for predicting individual... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hn5j4hf Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghaffari, Amin Abouzaki, Majd Romero, Yasmine Sun, Andrew Seitz, Aaron https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-9303 Langley, Jason Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh2b8ms The presence of neurofibrillary tangles containing hyper-phosphorylated tau is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand sensitive to tau neurofibrillary tangles (¹⁸F-AV1451) also binds with iron. This off-target binding effect may be enhanced in older adults on the AD spectrum, particularly those with amyloid-positive biomarkers. Here, we examined group differences in ¹⁸F-AV1451 PET after controlling for iron-sensitive measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its relationships to tissue microstructure and cognition in 40 amyloid beta positive (Aβ+) individuals, 20 amyloid beta negative (Aβ-) with MCI and 31 Aβ- control participants. After controlling for iron, increased ¹⁸F-AV1451 PET uptake was found in the temporal lobe and hippocampus of Aβ+ participants compared to Aβ- MCI and control participants. Within the Aβ+ group, significant correlations were seen between ¹⁸F-AV1451... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh2b8ms Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Langley, Jason Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7040 Initiative, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41t6h49z Locus Coeruleus Engagement Drives Network Connectivity Dynamics In Humans And Rats https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41t6h49z Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hussain, Sana Shalchy, Mahsa Alizadeh Yaghoubi, Kimia C Langley, Jason Chen, Xu Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Huang, Ringo Clewett, David Nielsen, Shawn E Velasco, Rico Kennedy, Briana Han, Sophia Tu, Kristie Seitz, Aaron R Zhang, Nanyin Mather, Mara Hu, Xiaoping Peters, Megan AK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-0816 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bv183c6 Abstract Evidence from animal and histological studies have indicated that accumulation of iron in the brain results in reactive gliosis that contributes to cognitive deficits. The current study extends these findings to human cognitive aging and suggests that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques like quantitative relaxometry can be used to study iron and its effects in vivo . The effects of iron on microstructure and memory performance were examined using a combination of quantitative relaxometry and multi-compartment diffusion imaging in 35 young (21.06 ± 2.18 years) and 28 older (72.58 ± 6.47 years) adults, who also completed a memory task. Replicating past work, results revealed age-related increases in iron content (R 2 *) and diffusion, and decreases in memory performance. Independent of age group, iron content was significantly related to restricted (intracellular) diffusion in regions with low-moderate iron (hippocampus, caudate) and to all diffusion metrics in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bv183c6 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Venkatesh, Anu Daugherty, Ana M Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g16p0xp This study aimed to provide a complete characterization of age group differences in cortical lobar, hippocampal, and subcortical gray matter microstructure using a multi-compartment diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) approach with parameters optimized for gray matter (Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging, NODDI). 76 younger (undergraduate students) and 64 older (surrounding communities) adults underwent diffusion-, T1-, and susceptibility-weighted MRI. Results revealed eight unique patterns across the 12 regions of interest in the relative direction and magnitude of age effects across NODDI metrics, which were grouped into three prominent patterns: cortical gray matter had predominantly higher free diffusion in older than younger adults, the hippocampus and amygdala had predominantly higher dispersion of diffusion and intracellular diffusion in older than younger adults, and the putamen and globus pallidus had lower dispersion of diffusion in older than younger adults.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g16p0xp Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Greenman, Danielle Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458p9sj <p>Healthy aging is accompanied by declines in the ability to learn associations between events, even when their relationship cannot be described. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have attributed these implicit associative learning (IAL) deficits to differential engagement of the hippocampus and basal ganglia in older relative to younger adults in early and late stages of the task, respectively. However, these task stages have been confounded with age group differences in learning performance that emerge later and to a lesser degree in older adults. To disentangle the effects of task stage from learning stage (i.e., when there is significant evidence of learning) on age group differences in the neural substrates of IAL, we acquired fMRI data while 28 younger (20.8 ± 2.3 years) and 22 older (73.6 ± 6.8 years) healthy adults completed the Triplets Learning Task, in which the location of two cues predicted the location of a target with high (HF) or low... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458p9sj Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Merenstein, Jenna Louise Petok, Jessica R Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458d4j5 OBJECTIVE: Elevated kurtosis values have been observed in subcortical grey matter structures of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined relationships between iron measures and kurtosis in iron-rich subcortical grey matter structures.Please check and confirm the affiliation 4 for the author "Xiaoping P. Hu".Affiliation 4 for Xiaoping P. Hu was incorrect since he is not associated with that department. We have removed this affiliation. Thanks!&nbsp; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multi-shell diffusion and multi-echo gradient echo acquisitions were used to derive mean kurtosis and iron measures (R₂* and magnetic susceptibility), respectively, in subcortical grey matter nuclei and white matter tracts in a discovery cohort (110 healthy older and 63 younger adults) and replication cohort (72 healthy older adults).Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (Ilana J. Bennett and Xiaoping P. Hu). Also, kindly confirm the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458d4j5 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Langley, Jason Solis, Kitzia Masjedizadeh, Vala Shao, Murphy Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7040 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d2128zn Handgrip strength relates to corticospinal tract microstructure in older adults https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d2128zn Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Solis, Kitzia Shao, Murphy Langley, Jason Seitz, Aaron R Hu, Xiaoping Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bd5p26g Brain regions accumulate different amounts of iron with age, with older adults having higher iron in the basal ganglia (globus pallidus, putamen, caudate) relative to the hippocampus. This has important implications for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in aging as the presence of iron may influence both neuronal functioning as well as the measured fMRI (BOLD) signal, and these effects will vary across age groups and brain regions. To test this hypothesis, the current study examined the effect of iron on age group differences in task-related activity within each basal nuclei and the hippocampus. Twenty-eight younger and 22 older adults completed an associative learning task during fMRI acquisition. Iron content (QSM, R₂*) was estimated from a multi-echo gradient echo sequence. As previously reported, older adults learned significantly less than younger adults and age group differences in iron content were largest in the basal ganglia (putamen, caudate).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bd5p26g Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Petok, Jessica R Merenstein, Jenna L Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3844m9kj <h4>Objective</h4>Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital anomalies caused by failure of neural tube closure during pregnancy and contribute to childhood morbidity and mortality. Folic acid supplementation reduces NTDs risk, yet adherence remains low, particularly among Hispanic women and non-Hispanic Black women. This study examines folic acid supplementation by race/ethnicity, nativity, and social determinants of health (SDOH).<h4>Methods</h4>Data came from the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program (Registered Tier Dataset v7), a large, diverse biomedical dataset that includes underrepresented populations. Analyses were restricted to participants enrolled between May 2018-June 2022. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models assessed for differences in folic acid supplementation, controlling for age, income, education, insurance, and pregnancy.<h4>Results</h4>Among pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-49&nbsp;years; N&nbsp;=&nbsp;85,874),... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3844m9kj Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Almeida, Isabel F Marks, Yael Vu, Brian Mostafazadeh, Tara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09h096mp Since the end of racial prerequisite cases in 1952, anyone born on US soil has been granted birthright citizenship. But, prominent political figures have recently questioned whether children born to undocumented immigrants should automatically receive citizenship. Despite the importance of this issue, there is limited research on public attitudes towards this policy, its determinants, and its consequences. We address these open questions using the 2020 CMPS, and find that while most support birthright citizenship, a significant minority favors its revocation. Support for a ban is higher among Whites than among minorities. Those with closer ties to the immigrant experience, more liberal attitudes, and lower Trump favorability are less likely to support a ban. Negative attitudes towards undocumented immigrants and racial attitudes are also strongly correlated with banning birthright citizenship. Finally, birthright citizenship attitudes are consequential: across each racial group,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09h096mp Sun, 24 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lajevardi, Nazita Merolla, Jennifer L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-7206 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12h203jd Este artigo propõe o conceito de assinatura sonora como um paradigma para repensar a composição eletroacústica contemporânea na interseção entre ecologia, &nbsp;filosofia e mediação tecnológica. Indo além do paradigma inicial do estúdio, centrado no objeto sonoro autônomo, o estudo argumenta que as práticas atuais – caracterizadas por eletrônica em tempo real, espacialização imersiva, integração audiovisual e sistemas orientados por inteligência artificial – privilegiam a organização relacional em vez de materiais sonoros isolados. A partir da teoria das paisagens sonoras ecológicas de Bernie Krause e do conceito de assinatura de Giorgio Agamben como operador paradigmático, o artigo reconceitua a composição como a construção e a revelação de campos sonoros relacionais. As assinaturas sonoras ecológicas emergem da distribuição dinâmica de nichos acústicos em sistemas vivos; de modo análogo, obras eletroacústicas geram ambientes estruturados nos quais a agência é distribuída entre... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12h203jd Sat, 23 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chagas, Paulo C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-5508 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04d287c8 Cultural tightness refers to the strength of social norms and tolerance for norm violations within regions. In two studies, we investigated the link between cultural tightness and sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality traits within the United States and across 56 nations. We relied on two separate operationalizations of cultural tightness and aggregated self-reported sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality trait data from tens of thousands of geolocated internet respondents. Regression analyses suggest that more culturally tight U.S. states are less open, more conscientious, and higher in the need for certainty. Tighter states also more strongly endorse racial stereotyping, right-wing authoritarianism, and other system-justifying beliefs, but less weakly endorse egalitarianism. In addition, tighter nations are lower in extraversion and creativity. Taken together, we find that cultural tightness is a parsimonious predictor of regional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04d287c8 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wilson, Liz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-980X Calanchini, Jimmy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-143X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41w6w2sc ObjectiveElevated kurtosis values have been observed in subcortical grey matter structures of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined relationships between iron measures and kurtosis in iron-rich subcortical grey matter structures.Please check and confirm the affiliation 4 for the author "Xiaoping P. Hu".Affiliation 4 for Xiaoping P. Hu was incorrect since he is not associated with that department. We have removed this affiliation. Thanks!&nbsp;Materials and methodsMulti-shell diffusion and multi-echo gradient echo acquisitions were used to derive mean kurtosis and iron measures (R2* and magnetic susceptibility), respectively, in subcortical grey matter nuclei and white matter tracts in a discovery cohort (110 healthy older and 63 younger adults) and replication cohort (72 healthy older adults).Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (Ilana J. Bennett and Xiaoping P. Hu). Also, kindly confirm the details in the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41w6w2sc Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Langley, Jason Solis, Kitzia Masjedizadeh, Vala Shao, Murphy Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6697q6hr Sacrificing Humans for Insects and AI https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6697q6hr Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Schwitzgebel, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-7074 Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t47n1kj This article explores the state of fearlessness and human justice through an examination of five celebrated couplets from Guru Tegh Bahadur’s bāṇī (‘inspired utterances’) by placing them in their immediate historical context, followed by an understanding of their wider significance from a global perspective. The main arguments of this essay revolve around the critical situation in Mughal India leading to the ninth Guru’s execution at Chandni Chowk in Delhi on 11 November 1675, by the orders of Emperor Aurangzeb. Rectifying skewed perspectives offered by modern historians in which the death of the ninth Guru is simply an accident of history and therefore of no consequence to wider humanity, this essay offers a critical review of historical readings of events that forced Guru Tegh Bahadur to intervene in the flow of history on behalf of downtrodden and minority voices. To bring the people out of their vulnerability he inspired them with a bold message of resistance against the tyrannical... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t47n1kj Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Singh, Pashaura https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2j79g509 Abstract This paper offers a reading of Aristotle’s view of two-way powers and points out where related views about Aristotle and two-way powers can go wrong. It argues that Aristotelian two-way powers consist in, and are based in, systematic knowledge; that they are all, without exception, principles of change in another, or in oneself as other; and that the topic of voluntary action in Aristotle is a quite different topic. It follows from this that the Aristotelian view of two-way powers has nothing much to do with freedom. The paper also argues that Aristotle’s view of two-way powers is the best in the history of Western philosophy, because it’s the only view on which both contrary exercises of the power are explained as no accident, relative to the power. Subsequent views of two-way powers tend to violate the general principle that powers explain their actualizations as no accident, relative to the power. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2j79g509 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Frost, Kim https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0538f3f5 Sikh Kirtan &amp; its journeys: Instruments, theories, technologies https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0538f3f5 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Singh, Pashaura https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01d2d9rm Life is full of uncertainty about the future. Some uncertainty is stressful and anxiety-provoking, some is comforting and protective, and some can even be pleasurable. This chapter addresses the various ways people manage uncertainty about the future. We first consider situations in which uncertainty is aversive, namely during stressful waiting periods. People regularly wait for feedback about their academic, professional, personal, and financial prospects, and most people find these waiting periods to be unpleasantly fraught with worry. Two theoretical models, the Uncertainty Navigation Model and the newer Emotion-Motivation-Obstruction (EMO) model, guide our coverage of aversive uncertainty and provide a roadmap to the subjective experiences, health consequences, and coping efforts such situation entail. We then turn to situations in which uncertainty is desirable. People regularly avoid information to which they have ready access, even when acquiring the information may benefit... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01d2d9rm Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate Howell, Jennifer L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p33b3sp ObjectivesSuccess in life often requires patience. However, little is known about patience as a psychological process outside of research on temporal discounting, and even less is known about the experience of impatience. Across three studies, we tested the role of mindfulness in daily experiences of patience and impatience.MethodParticipants (total n = 600) recalled daily experiences of impatience each day for 5&nbsp;days. Studies 2 and 3 introduced mindfulness interventions compared to either a control (Study 2) or mind-wandering (Study 3) condition.ResultsAcross studies, multilevel models revealed robust associations between daily mindfulness, reduced impatience, and bolstered patience. In Study 3, participants in the mindfulness condition perceived frustrating delays as less objectionable, felt more motivated and able to respond with patience during these days, and ultimately responded more patiently.ConclusionsFindings suggest that mindfulness promotes patience during everyday... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p33b3sp Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hawes, Jason Sweeny, Kate https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kn5c2xd While the role of legislators in parliamentary systems may sometimes seem to involve little more than to support the government of the day, legislators in many parliaments regularly take advantage of their, often limited, opportunities to introduce members’ bills and parliamentary motions. The success of these efforts is typically limited, which raises the question of why legislators bother. We argue that the legislators’ behavior is in part driven by the incentives their parties present them with. Government and opposition MPs behave in a different manner because government and opposition parties value legislative activity and types of legislative activity differently. Government MPs are expected to stay out of the way of the government’s agenda or focus their attention on less salient issues. In contrast, opposition MPs are expected to do the opposite and to present their parties as viable government alternatives. Examining members’ bills and parliamentary motions in Iceland... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kn5c2xd Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Oh, Eunseong Indridason, Indridi H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11m4g7kx Individuals experiencing economic stress demonstrate lower cognitive control and higher intergroup bias. The present research extends beyond individuals to investigate relationships among regional economic conditions, regional cognitive control, and intergroup bias. We aggregated 2.9 million US-based participants’ geolocated responses on the Black/White Implicit Association Test, then applied the Process Dissociation Procedure to estimate state-level cognitive control and racial evaluations across the years 2005 to 2019. Black populations’ cognitive control was weaker in states where Black residents faced more adverse economic conditions, but stronger in states where White residents faced more adverse economic conditions. White populations’ cognitive control was weaker in states where more Black residents faced unemployment. Black populations’ outgroup biases were more negative in states where more White residents lived in poverty, and White populations’ ingroup biases were more... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11m4g7kx Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chaplin, Kayla Wilson, Liz Laukenmann, Ruben Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kr6w1zw Does Informing Partisans About Partisan Bias Reduce Partisan Bias? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kr6w1zw Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ferrari, Diogo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wt3d45s Muslim youths in the U.S. are facing mental health issues due to discrimination, bullying, and islamophobia, which may impact academic learning outcomes. However, there is considerable diversity in Muslim youth: the vast majority immigrating from or have parents from various geographic regions: Southeast Asia, Middle East, North Africa, Europe, etc. A few studies have reported group differences with discrimination regarding the Muslim population. Given the different cultural contexts and intersections of identities, more research is needed to better understand how the diversity of Muslim youth in the U.S. may require different tailored interventions and prevention programs that foster positive learning outcomes. This review paper starts by reviewing research reporting factors impacting the well-being of Muslim youth. Then, it highlights differences in experiences that may affect learning outcomes, such as geographic region, ethnicity, immigration status, minority status, and income... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wt3d45s Mon, 13 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shahzad, Mehak Rodriguez, Tania Wu, Rachel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c71876g From Moctezumas zoo to animals kept in captivity at Teotihuacan, there is increasing evidence that Mesoamericans managed wild animals for a myriad of purposes. The present study situates ritualized animal management of highly symbolic fauna in the broader context of Classic Mesoamerica by examining another core site, the Maya center of Copan, Honduras (A.D. 426-822). In this study, we identify two animal populations among the faunal remains from public and private rituals spanning the Copan dynasty. One population, with diets heavily composed of atypically sourced C4 inputs indicative of artificial feeding, corresponds with the felids interred in Altar Q and Motmot caches. The second population is composed of felids and felid products bearing a predominance of C3 signatures indicative of a more natural dietary regime. As with Copan deer, species-specific δ18O variations within these felid populations further substantiates the postulation that an expansive faunal trade network... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c71876g Fri, 3 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sugiyama, Nawa Fash, William France, Christine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jg0d5xq Flow is the experience of being deeply immersed in an activity, an experience that researchers have embraced as a predictor of well-being. Although research on the beneficial effects of flow is widespread, its multidisciplinary nature has precluded a clear consensus on their nature and strength. Results from a meta-analysis revealed a moderately strong, positive relationship between flow and well-being, consistent with our hypothesis. Features of the well-being measure moderated the association, such that eudaimonic measures showed a stronger association than did hedonic measures, and among hedonic measures, measures of cognitive well-being were more strongly associated with flow than affective measures. Measures of positive aspects of well-being were also more strongly associated with flow than measures of negative aspects. The association was surprisingly robust to features of the flow measure and activity, the design of the study, and characteristics of the sample. These findings... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jg0d5xq Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate Huerta, Janine Medina Hawes, Jason Susoeff, Sophia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h10d7q8 This paper investigates the dynamics of electroacoustic music collaboration within complex techno- logical, social, and philosophical frameworks. Emphasizing the interplay between human creativity and technical apparatuses, it draws on theoretical concepts such as Vilém Flusser’s telematic dialogue, Jacques Attali’s notion of composition as resistance, Martin Heidegger’s ontology of art and technology, and Niklas Luhmann’s systemstheory. Through historical examples—including the WDR Electronic Music Studio—and recent works by composer Paulo C. Chagas and flutist Cássia Carrascoza, particularly Sound Imaginations: Telematic Immersion , the paper examines how electroacoustic practices generate new forms of authorship, co-presence, and symbolic ritual. These practices challenge conventional boundaries between composer, performer, audience, and machine, proposing a participatory model of creative exchange instead. Ultimately, the study argues that electroacoustic collaboration... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h10d7q8 Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chagas, Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-5508 Lozo, Ivana Petković https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jc775rx Frailty is characterized by a persistent and progressive decline in physiological reserves, leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and a heightened risk of adverse health outcomes, both physically and mentally. Despite frailty's prevalence in older adults, there is limited research on its neural substrates, especially using task-based brain functional connectivity. In this study, we used connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM) to find a linear relationship between task-based connectomes - taken from tasks that involved similar handgrip manipulations - and a separate measure of frailty: the maximum grip strength in older adults. We observed that the task-based connectomes were able to explain individual differences in grip strength, with the Subcortical and Cerebellum network, particularly the caudate nucleus, functional connectivity being the strongest predictor. These findings demonstrate that task-based functional connectomes can serve as personalized markers that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jc775rx Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghaffari, Amin abouzaki, Majd Romero, Yasmine Sun, Andrew Seitz, Aaron Langley, Jason Bennett, Ilana J Hu, Xiaoping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7040 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9402b8sr “Latin Holidays: Mexican Americans, Latin Music, and Cultural Identity in Postwar Los Angeles” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9402b8sr Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92w2g074 “Expressive Culture” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92w2g074 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sd5703h Review https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sd5703h Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86j4d1sg Black arts west: culture and struggle in postwar Los Angeles https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86j4d1sg Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kt4c7j1 “To be a Mexican Woman in a Town Like This” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kt4c7j1 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71025485 In Los Angeles during the early 1940s, the popular music and dance performances of a cross-cultural swing scene provoked reactionary regulation by white urban elites and law enforcement authorities. Reacting to multiracial musicians, dancers, and entrepreneurs, local politicians and municipal arts administrators created a Bureau of Music in order to encourage patriotic citizenship, prevent juvenile delinquency, and bring proper music to the people. This article argues that successive generations of Angelenos defied the city's rule of racial separation and white domination, creating a multicultural urban civility as they intermingled in dance halls, ballrooms, and auditoriums. Despite personal prejudice and internalized racism within and between different groups, dance music facilitated intercultural affinities that went beyond mere politeness or courtesy to include respect and tolerance. In diverse but distinct music scenes, Angelenos sustained egalitarian social relations in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71025485 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony F https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nf9h8wp The Woman in the Zoot Suit: Gender, Nationalism, and the Cultural Politics of Memory (review) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nf9h8wp Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macías, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gv3j6q7 “La Bamba” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gv3j6q7 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tc610xf “DETROIT WAS HEAVY”: MODERN JAZZ, BEBOP, AND AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPRESSIVE CULTURE https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tc610xf Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macías, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36w0j2tt “Viva Tirado” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36w0j2tt Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s42g84v Luis Alvarez, "The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance During World War II" (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s42g84v Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d8064r8 ABSTRACT Pursuing a goal often requires sustained effort and commitment, sometimes for longer than one hoped or expected. When people face delays in achieving their goals, they may become impatient—and when they believe they are the cause of those delays, they may feel impatient with themselves. In this paper, we present a novel theoretical approach to understanding such moments of self‐impatience, adapted from the process model of patience . This approach positions self‐impatience as an emotional response to self‐caused delays that are unreasonable or inappropriate. To be patient with oneself, then, means to successfully regulate the feeling or consequences of self‐impatience. We outline our theoretical model of self‐patience, the process model of self‐patience , highlighting where it overlaps with and deviates from the original model. We then close with suggestions for future research that derive from our theoretical proposals. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d8064r8 Sun, 1 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Susoeff, Sophia Sweeny, Kate https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nw0h91f Abstract Indigenous language endangerment is a global crisis, and in response, a normative “endangered languages” narrative about the crisis has developed. Though seemingly beneficent and accurate in many of its points, this narrative can also cause harm to language communities by furthering colonial logics that repurpose Indigenous languages as objects for wider society's consumption, while deemphasizing or even outright omitting the extreme injustices that beget language endangerment. The objective of this essay is to promote social justice praxis first by detailing how language shift results from major injustices, and then by offering possible interventions that are accountable to the communities whose languages are endangered. Drawing from my experiences as a member of a Native American community whose language was wrongly labeled “extinct” within this narrative, I begin with an overview of how language endangerment is described to general audiences in the United States and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nw0h91f Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Leonard, Wesley Y https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-4414 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w0f0k1 <h4>Background and objectives</h4>Research has shown a correlation between engagement in activities and late-life cognition, but cross-sectional associations are likely to be inflated by reverse causality. This study investigated the prospective effects of activity engagement-frequency of and diversity across activity types-on aging-related cognitive decline.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we evaluated whether baseline measures of 4 activity types (cognitive, physical, contact with family/friends, and social group participation) predicted subsequent cognitive decline adjusted for potential confounders. We compared the effects of activity type frequency with the effect of activity diversity.<h4>Results</h4>In HRS, activity diversity was associated with slower midlife (ages 55-65) cognitive decline, whereas more frequent cognitive activities yielded the largest reduction in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w0f0k1 Thu, 19 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Glei, Dana Lee, Chioun Brown, Casey Weinstein, Maxine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp3c36p Through a case study of Meituan Waimai, China's dominant food delivery platform, this article examines how algorithmic management is entangled with labor politics. It develops the concept of the technopolitics of labor expendability, which rests on two interrelated arguments. First, the logic of optimization underpinning algorithmic management is not realized solely through the manipulation of data inputs and computational models; rather, it fundamentally depends on the presumed expendability of migrant workers. In the Chinese context, couriers are first imagined as disposable, an assumption that enables the exclusion of their needs, preferences, and well-being from the computational frame. Second, this vision is further normalized and legitimized through its alignment with specific political and ideological formations, particularly China's fetishization of technological superiority and the long-standing marginalization of rural migrant workers. By situating algorithmic management... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp3c36p Thu, 19 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Angela Ke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-769X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36n166qd Humans actively seek information to reduce uncertainty, providing insight on how our decisions causally affect the world. While we know that episodic memories can help support future goal-oriented behaviors, little is known about how hypothesis testing during exploration influences episodic memory. To investigate this question, we designed a hypothesis testing paradigm, in which participants figured out rules to unlock treasure chests. Using this paradigm, we characterized how hypothesis testing during exploration influenced memory for the contents of the treasure chests. We found that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between decision uncertainty and memory, such that memory was best when decision uncertainty was moderate. An exploratory analysis also showed that surprising outcomes lead to lower memory confidence independent of accuracy. These findings support a model in which moderate decision uncertainty during hypothesis testing enhances incidental information encoding. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36n166qd Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shen, Xinxu Ballard, Ian C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-3141 Smith, David V Murty, Vishnu P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00w6986q Do goals, beliefs, and desires affect visual experience? This question has long been controversial in cognitive science. There exists extensive literature documenting motivational effects on perceptual reports, but these findings could reflect biases in what people report seeing rather than what they see. Here, we propose that examining the underlying neurocomputational processes can provide new perspectives on this longstanding debate. We review evidence suggesting that motivation biases both perception and action, but does so via distinct neural systems: amygdala and locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) activity enhances sensory representations for desirable stimuli, while striatal dopamine biases action selection toward goal-congruent actions. The neurocomputational approach provides a framework to advance a mechanistic understanding of motivated seeing and how these biases are shaped by context. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00w6986q Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kim, Haena Ballard, Ian C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-3141 Leong, Yuan Chang https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1px0h8sp This study deals with South Korea’s foreign aid to African countries. Specifically, we discuss the impact of security concerns in determining official development assistance (ODA) policy focusing on the case of South Korea’s ODA policy in Africa. Based on a case study of South Korea’s ODA to African countries, we challenge the monistic approach in defining a donor’s aid motivation and highlight the diverse nature of a donor country’s motivation for giving aid. Theoretically, this study revisits the close interlink and nature of security and development and emphasizes the importance of bringing “security” back into the discussion of ODA. Based on a historical method, we analyze South Korea’s ODA policy from a security perspective and provide an in-depth discussion of South Korea’s aid for security in Africa. Specifically, we argue that a security goal, specifically, to support the US global strategy and check the expansion of North Korea’s influence in Africa has been one of the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1px0h8sp Sat, 14 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kalu, Kelechi A Kim, Jiyoung https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wx8m5zv Between 1819 and the 1970s, the U.S. government forced Native American children to attend boarding schools with the explicit purpose of assimilating them into White American culture. In this article, we examined whether the cultural legacy of historical Native American boarding schools persists locally in the aggregated racial biases of modern-day residents. Using the data of 290,593 Project Implicit visitors, we found that counties where Native American boarding schools were located in the past show lower levels of modern-day racial prejudice against Native Americans and view Native Americans as more U.S. American/less foreign compared to counties without historical boarding schools. Our findings provide a nuanced perspective on the ways in which historical injustices can manifest in physical, social, and cultural environments. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wx8m5zv Tue, 3 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Primbs, Maximilian A Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72x2w84s Abstract Patience has been a consistent source of interest and inspiration for generations of thinkers and writers. In this article, I delineate the tenets of a comprehensive framework for understanding patience, the process model of patience (Sweeny, Personality and Social Psychology Review , 2025, 29, 145), that positions impatience as a common and unpleasant emotion and patience as a targeted form of emotion regulation. I then outline potential applications of the model for consumer decisions, service experiences, and marketing contexts and close with practical recommendations to optimize consumer behavior in contexts where impatience is likely to arise. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72x2w84s Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2459x4rw This investigation tests whether people higher in trait patience navigate stressful waiting periods with greater emotional well-being and less maladaptive coping. In one exploratory study (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;799) and three conceptual replications (Ns&nbsp;=&nbsp;217, 410, 411), undergraduates completed a baseline survey assessing trait patience before entering a laboratory paradigm where they experienced uncertainty while awaiting feedback on their intelligence (Study 1), social skills (Study 2), health risk (Study 3), and attractiveness (Study 4). Participants completed measures of worry, positive and negative emotion, distraction, and suppression during the wait. Mini meta-analysis findings show that patient people worry less and feel less negative and more positive emotion when waiting for personally-relevant news, while avoiding the relatively maladaptive coping strategies of distraction and suppression, with the strongest associations emerging for positive emotion. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2459x4rw Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate Schnitker, Sarah A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nr9q1w8 ABSTRACT This study investigates fatal opioid overdoses in Riverside County, California, between January 2020 and March 2023, employing advanced spatial‐temporal analysis methods to uncover significant clusters and their underlying contexts. By integrating global and local Knox tests, the research identifies both broad trends and specific hotspots of fatal overdoses. The findings reveal substantial spatial disparities, with higher overdose rates in rural areas and neighborhoods characterized by lower socioeconomic status and larger Hispanic populations. Despite a lower overall overdose risk among Hispanics, their neighborhoods exhibit a higher occurrence of fatal overdoses, highlighting complex interactions between individual and environmental factors. These insights underscore the need for targeted, contextually informed public health interventions and policies to effectively address the opioid crisis. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nr9q1w8 Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rey, Sergio J Knaap, Elijah Cabral, Alejandra Syvertsen, Jennifer https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tr859s3 Living with others' pasts: Monumentality and everyday heritage in Rhodes https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tr859s3 Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Taylor, Evan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-4816 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wp8t1n8 Rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities has drawn fresh attention to the prospect of consciousness in AI. There is an urgent need for rigorous methods to assess AI systems for consciousness, but significant uncertainty about relevant issues in consciousness science. We present a method for assessing AI systems for consciousness that involves exploring what follows from existing or future neuroscientific theories of consciousness. Indicators derived from such theories can be used to inform credences about whether particular AI systems are conscious. This method allows us to make meaningful progress because some influential theories of consciousness, notably including computational functionalist theories, have implications for AI that can be investigated empirically. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wp8t1n8 Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Butlin, Patrick Long, Robert Bayne, Tim Bengio, Yoshua Birch, Jonathan Chalmers, David Constant, Axel Deane, George Elmoznino, Eric Fleming, Stephen M Ji, Xu Kanai, Ryota Klein, Colin Lindsay, Grace Michel, Matthias Mudrik, Liad Peters, Megan AK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-0816 Schwitzgebel, Eric Simon, Jonathan VanRullen, Rufin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pv1r18p Abstract This essay lays out the concept of global futurities, which I define as the discursive scales and plural epistemologies by which marginalized identities and groups articulate, construct, imagine, or locate their futures. While global future is usually based on what could happen to all people and the planet, my framework of global futurities maps the differential horizon of being and co-becoming for those who have been historically denied a future due to discriminatory processes such as Black communities, Indigenous peoples, formerly colonized populations, migrants, etc. Such futurities are not simply pluralistic in terms of cultural diversity, but they serve as counter-hegemonic forms of futuring and worlding, shaped by dissident interests and political actors dedicated to promoting (Other)worldly justice. These subaltern viewpoints challenge a singular framing of humanity, as they involve multiple nodes and networks of power/knowledge/desire. These ontological and temporal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pv1r18p Fri, 9 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bui, Long T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ss7863x Abstract As a causative factor in premodern history, it is hard to overrate the significance of cavalry, the organized use, that is, of skilled riders in mounted warfare. Yet the origins of cavalry have garnered scant attention lately, at least among historians of the ancient Near East. The reasons for this neglect are complex, but the essential cause is that military historians, once a plentiful group, now make up only a tiny band within the academy. Cavalry’s origins therefore remain murky. A prevailing theory, the “Early Steppe Riders Thesis,” supposes that good military riding appeared as early as the fourth millennium B.C. on the steppes of Eurasia. The minority theory (the “Iron Age Near East Thesis”) has cavalry evolving from chariotry in the Iron Age Near East. The present essay uses this larger debate as a springboard, but its focus is narrower. Its aim is to establish when, where, and under what circumstances cavalry rose in the ancient Near East. I exploit new finds... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ss7863x Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sullivan, Benjamin M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fp3j7fb Objective: We investigate the question: How should immigrants pursue policy in a system that privileges majority rule? Scholars suggest that opinion backlash impedes policy gains by marginalized groups. That is, pushing too hard for policy leads to backlash, a sharp and sustained negative reaction among citizens that delays these groups’ ability to obtain their desired policy. Methods: Examining immigration, we develop and test two plausible alternatives to backlash: opinion elite cues and opinion stability. We use experimental and observational data. Results: We find no evidence of backlash. Instead, we find modest evidence attitudes move in the direction of the cues provided by party elites. Conclusion: Immigrants and other marginalized groups should pursue rights without fear of opinion backlash. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fp3j7fb Thu, 6 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Bishin, Benjamin G Hayes, Thomas J Incantalupo, Matthew B Smith, Charles Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/995647pv Multinomial processing tree (MPT) models can provide novel insights into the cognitive processes underlying a wide variety of social cognitive judgments and behaviors. In previous research, MPT models have been used to disentangle the contributions of multiple latent processes to tasks configured to assess moral reasoning, processing fluency, decision-making, implicit biases, and social categorization, among many other topics. However, until recently, MPT models were limited in their application to categorical data. New methodological advances extend traditional MPT estimation methods by incorporating reaction time data, thereby expanding the breadth and depth of questions that can be investigated. This article provides a user-friendly step-by-step tutorial for response-time extended MPT methods with annotated code and data, using the Implicit Association Test as a working example. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/995647pv Thu, 6 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Wilson, Liz Hartmann, Raphael Klauer, Karl Christoph Laukenmann, Ruben Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ws9r0n7 Introduction to the Special Issue: Tutorials on Novel Methods and Analyses in Social Cognition, Part 1 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ws9r0n7 Thu, 6 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Calanchini, Jimmy Degner, Juliane Smith, Colin Tucker https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dr5f1xn Introduction to the Special Issue: Tutorials on Novel Methods and Analyses in Social Cognition, Part 2 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dr5f1xn Thu, 6 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Smith, Colin Tucker Degner, Juliane Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sw1f2qj To acquire a robust picture of Andean labor, this research used the skeletal evidence of labor (i.e. osteoarthritis (OA) and entheseal changes (EC)) during Tiwanaku times, modern ethnographic interviews with Indigenous Aymara people, and computer-aided motion capture (mocap). The focus was on understanding patterns of activity and comparing these deceased individuals’ labors to modern Aymara traditional tasks. The skeletal remains, ethnographic evidence, and mocap of traditional activities showed that intense labors, such as farming or craft production, begin in pre-teen years. Results also revealed that many of the modern tools used are the same as those used over a thousand years ago. EC “chopping” motion was also correlated to drop spindle yarn production. Back pain was discussed in regards to spinal OA, linked to both performing strenuous tasks and advancing age. Laborers from the past and present can answer questions about gendered labor and the importance of Indigenous expert... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sw1f2qj Thu, 23 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Becker, Sara K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66w538d5 Cooperative Bodies: Bioarchaeologists Address Nonranked Societies https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66w538d5 Thu, 23 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Becker, Sara K Juengst, Sara L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qs144pr Purpose: Evidence on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer patients is limited. We compared remission outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer before and during the pandemic. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer between 01/01/2017 and 06/30/2021 at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Pre and post pandemic periods were designated using March 4, 2020, as the cut-off. Stage I-IV patients who completed chemotherapy and/or surgery as first-line treatment were included. Data on remission outcomes (complete and clinical remission) were abstracted by manual chart reviews. Complete remission was defined as no evidence of disease; clinical remission included both complete and partial response to treatment. Modified Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association of pandemic and remission. Effect modification by race/ethnicity was evaluated. Results:... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qs144pr Sat, 18 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Mukherjee, Amrita Ayoub, Natalie Xu, Lanfang Cannavale, Kimberly L Gilfillan, Alec D Szamreta, Elizabeth A Monberg, Matthew J Hodeib, Melissa Chao, Chun R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vv8w9d1 Through analysis of an educational short film, an oral history, and an sf television episode, each rehearsing human space flight, this article explores how Black women undertake the practical and imaginative tasks that make human habitation in space possible. These performances “fem[me] the future,” in the words of Afrofuturist artist and philanthropist Janelle Monáe. Nichelle Nichols’s science communications activism, Sharon McDougle’s oral history for NASA’s Johnson Space Center, and actor Dominique Tipper’s starring role in The Expanse all cast them as “space workers”: non-astronauts whose work renders the space age a pluralistic endeavor rather than a stage for reproducing heroic myths. Their roles emphasize the performative rather than constative meaning of “Black femme” to embody possible futures. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vv8w9d1 Thu, 9 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Carrington, andré https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-8087 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sw8h5wt From blaxploitation to fan service: watching Wakanda https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sw8h5wt Thu, 9 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Carrington, André https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-8087 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gv9r5z7 Black life in the modern world makes incisive demands on the cultural politics of imaginative fiction as well as social movement rhetoric. Recent scholarship supplements the ongoing efflorescence of Afrofuturist art by reconstructing the history of speculative, utopian, and cautionary tales in Black writing. Isiah Lavender's Afrofuturism Rising and Alex Zamalin's Black Utopia join a growing body of intellectual history prepared for the task of historicizing fantastic Black aesthetics. Sami Schalk's more contemporary intervention, Bodyminds Reimagined, demonstrates the integral value of Black women's speculative fiction to rethinking the role of dis/ability - conspicuously including the radical difference signified by "madness"- in the panoply of power relations that stand to be transformed by Black radical thought in action. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gv9r5z7 Thu, 9 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Carrington, André https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-8087 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dr1c6dj Abstract The socially symbolic figure of the superhero comes into close contact with vernacular intellectual critiques of race and modernity through the much-anticipated film adaptation of Marvel’s Black Panther comics. This article analyzes the implications for queer approaches to black popular cultural production of the knowledge practices that inspire Black Panther’s depiction of an African utopia. The intertexts involved include histories, travel writings, and other comics. Focusing on the divergent treatments by authors Christopher Priest (1998–2003) and Ta-Nehisi Coates (2016) of the title character’s black female comrades-in-arms, this reading interrogates how race consciousness and colonial legacies inform the discourses of desire operating within the text. The term desiring blackness describes an orientation to reading that defers to African Americanist and black diasporic considerations to ground the task of interpretation in conditions that elicit compromise among disparate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dr1c6dj Thu, 9 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 carrington, andré https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-8087 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d96m72r BACKGROUND: The empathogen and psychostimulant 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is thought to boost both subjective well-being and social connection. Although MDMA is considered to enhance social connection to a greater extent than other stimulant drugs, few studies have compared MDMA to other stimulants. In addition, previous studies have focused on social positivity effects (e.g., increased trust) for specific in-lab interaction partners without considering more generalized social positivity effects (e.g., trust in one's community). AIMS: We tested the effects of MDMA on subjective ratings of well-being and global social connection, including feelings of trust toward one's community and society. The effects of MDMA were compared to a prototypic stimulant, methamphetamine (MA). METHODS: Across two studies, we examined differences in subjective well-being and global social well-being 90 minutes after a conversation on MDMA (study 1; <i>N</i> = 15; 100 mg) and after a conversation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d96m72r Thu, 9 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Martinez, Ramona L Radošić, Nina Molla, Hanna de Wit, Harriet Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sq832b9 ABSTRACT: What does it mean to be cosmopolitan, or a global citizen? Often perceived as a privileged state of cultural consumption and mobility, cosmopolitanism is frequently critiqued as a new form of social stratification and discussed in relation to nationalism. This article reconceptualizes cosmopolitanism by foregrounding its moral and affective dimensions, framing it as both an ethical, deliberate practice and a forced adaptation to structural constraints. Drawing on interviews with 60 Chinese international students in the United States, I identify two distinct forms: activist cosmopolitanism, marked by moral engagement and collective activism, and cynical cosmopolitanism, characterized by individual autonomy, skepticism, and emotional detachment. Both emerge from shared experiences of liberal arts education, community engagement, and relational assimilation, but diverge in response to discrimination, residential mobility, and gendered adversity across sending... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sq832b9 Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c37z9m3 A Multimethod Approach to Women's Experiences of Reproductive Health Screening https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c37z9m3 Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Ghane, Arezou Sweeny, Kate Dunlop, William L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05t1f0hm The Developing Belief Network is a global research collaborative studying religious development in diverse social-cultural settings, with a focus on the intersection of cognitive mechanisms and cultural beliefs and practices in early and middle childhood. The current manuscript describes the study protocol for the network's second wave of data collection, which aims to further explore the development and diversity of religious cognition and behavior using a multi-time point approach. This protocol is designed to investigate three key research questions-how children represent and reason about religious and supernatural agents, how children represent and reason about religion as an aspect of social identity, and how religious and supernatural beliefs are transmitted within and between generations-via a set of eight tasks for children between the ages of 5 and 13 years and a survey completed by their parents/caregivers. This study is being conducted in 41 distinct cultural-religious... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05t1f0hm Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Williams-Gant, Allison J Weisman, Kara Amin, Tamer G Ghossainy, Maliki E Soueidan, Ghadir Nissel, Jenny Kenderla, Praveen Abdel-Hak, Marwa Anggoro, Florencia K Bangayan, Samantha Burdett, Emily RR Chau, Emily Chen, Eva E Chua, Jallene Coetzee, Lezanie Coley, John D Dahl, Audun Dautel, Jocelyn B Davis, Elizabeth L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-4390 Davis, Helen Elizabeth DeLeon, Adine Diesendruck, Gil Evans, Denise Feeney, Aidan Fong, Frankie TK Foo, Xuqing Garcia, Alison Gonzalez-Rubio, Isabela Galaz, Elena Guerrero Gurven, Michael Hu, Ying Huachorunto, Keila Indrawati, Komang Jee, Benjamin D Kahwa, Michael Kahwa, Unity Korah, Ringking Kramer, Hannah J Kushnir, Tamar Kyriakopoulou, Natassa Lebepe, Shitshembiso Lee, Hea Jung Lesage, Kirsten A Leshabana, Patricia Li, Dandan Li, Pearl Han Llacua, Jessica Tacza Maluleke, Vongani Marin, Ashley Marshall, Julia Masebe, Nthabiseng McAuliffe, Katherine McLaughlin, Abby McMullan, Anthea McShane, Caitlin Min, Casey Mutegeki, Mike Namara, Olive Nichols, Shaun Nicolopoulou, Ageliki Nielsen, Mark Otali, Emily Parise, Katerina Paucar, Xiomara Alicia Payir, Ayse Poonawalla, Sakina Reyes-Jaquez, Bolivar Riddick, Sophie Rockers, Peter C Ruiz, Justin K Sanjidah, Rifah Shneidman, Laura Skopeliti, Irini Srinivasan, Mahesh Stegall, Jessa Stephens, Joanna Stutesman, Megan G Sun, Jiayue Tarullo, Amanda Taylor, Laura K Theogen, Itangishatse Toong, Desiree Turan-Küçük, Esra Nur Tusiime, Patrick Ventura, Estefany Pizarro Xu, Jingyi Ye, Nina Yu, Yue Yucel, Meltem Zhang, Wenzhuo Zhao, Xin Corriveau, Kathleen H Richert, Rebekah A Network, on behalf of the Developing Belief https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96k224rp Abstract: People migrate from authoritarian to democratic regimes seeking greater freedom of expression, yet many continue to avoid politics in their host country. This study examines how Chinese international students in the United States navigate political taboos across borders and why they still avoid political expression despite newfound freedoms. Drawing on participant observations and 93 in-depth interviews with Chinese students at two American universities and one Chinese university, I find that students develop three avoidance strategies—pragmatic disengagement, veiled allegiance, and closeted activism—as they navigate two distinct fields of political taboos. In China’s “forbidden zone,” where state-imposed taboos are intuitively understood but constantly shifting, avoidance is largely habitual—students perceive politics as dangerous and irrelevant, frame patriotism in apolitical terms, or engage in activism discreetly to avoid repression. After migrating... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96k224rp Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xj2w8bj In this essay, we review the burgeoning field of the cultural sociology of China. We first describe the trajectory and features of the development of the cultural sociology of China. We argue that the evolution of this scholarship has involved three intertwined social, political, and intellectual processes across national boundaries: (1) the production, diffusion, reception, and reproduction of modern social scientific paradigms from the West, especially the USA, to China; (2) the tensions between China studies as “area studies” in western academia and sociology as a discipline; (3) the entangled relations between politics and knowledge in both China and the West. Then we review existing cultural sociological studies of various topics in three broad categories: economy, politics, and civil society. We end our essay with a discussion of promising topics and agenda for future research and potential challenges. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xj2w8bj Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Xu, Bin Qian, Licheng Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bc7s6b8 Disreputable exchanges are morally disapproved and often legally prohibited exchanges that exacerbate and reproduce social inequality but remain ubiquitous. Although previous literature explains the phenomenon by material interests and structural relations, we propose a cultural approach based on three major conceptions of culture: culture in relations, culture in interactions, and culture in inequality. We illustrate this approach by a case study of China’s hongbao (the red envelope) exchange, a typical disreputable exchange through informal medical payment. Drawing on interviews with doctors and patients, we find that participants of the exchange mobilize items from their cultural repertoires, such as professional ethics, face, power, fairness, and affection, to redefine different situations of interactions and project positive self–images to render their problematic exchanges morally acceptable to each other. Moreover, as the participants’ responses to our vignettes show, they... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bc7s6b8 Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 Xu, Bin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c50x0nd Privilege or marginalization: how Chinese youth from divergent class backgrounds make sense of racism in the U.S. and Australia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1c50x0nd Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 Liu, Qing Tingting https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp6f444 Working together (vs. individually) improves the performance of people from working-class contexts. Consequently, teams with a higher (vs. lower) percentage of individuals from working-class contexts perform better. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the way teams work together, leading to a rise in asynchronous and remote teamwork. Here, we ask: Does the way people work together matter for the benefits documented in prior work? In this registered report, we examined meeting mode-that is, the extent to which teams work together synchronously and in-person (vs. asynchronously and remotely)-as an important boundary condition for the performance of people from working-class contexts in teams. We hypothesize and, in exploratory analyses, find preliminary support for the idea that the beneficial effects of working together for students from working-class contexts are diminished when teams work together primarily asynchronously and remotely. Moreover, we tested... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp6f444 Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dietze, Pia Dittmann, Andrea G https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g93225f Given the near-historic levels of economic inequality in the United States, it is vital to understand when and why people are motivated to reduce it. We examine whether the manner in which economic inequality and policy are framed—in terms of either upper-socio-economic-class advantages or lower-socio-economic-class disadvantages—influences individuals’ reactions to inequality. Across five studies, framing redistributive policy (Study 1) as disadvantage-reducing (versus advantage-reducing) and economic inequality (Studies 2–5) as lower-class disadvantages (versus upper-class advantages or a control frame) enhances support for action to reduce inequality. Moreover, increased support is partly driven by perceptions that inequality is more unjust if framed as lower-class disadvantages. Using diverse methodologies (for example, social media engagement on Facebook) and nationally representative samples of self-reported upper-class and lower-class individuals, this work suggests that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g93225f Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dietze, Pia Craig, Maureen A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d48q2j0 The visual system takes advantage of redundancy in the world by extracting summary statistics, a phenomenon known as ensemble perception. Ensemble representations are formed for low-level features like orientation and size and high-level features such as facial identity and expression. Whereas recent research has shown that the visual system forms intact ensemble representations even when faces are partially occluded via solid bars, how ensemble perception is impacted with the addition of naturalistic objects such as face masks or sunglasses is largely unknown. To investigate this, we conducted a series of experiments using continuous report tasks in which faces (either varying in identity or expression) were partially occluded with a surgical mask or sunglasses and participants had to report the average face using a face wheel. We found evidence that participants could still accurately extract the average even when a significant portion of it was occluded with either face masks... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d48q2j0 Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hendley, Hayden Schill Hassani, Natalia K Pallis Brady, Timothy F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-5211 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zp7d899 Why Heterarchy? A View from the Tiwanaku State's (AD 500–1100) Labor Force https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zp7d899 Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Becker, Sara K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bh55738 A case study of multiple individuals with a supernumerary vertebra and sacralization in the prehistoric Rio Muerto Tiwanaku cemetery (AD 700-900), Moquegua, Peru https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bh55738 Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Becker, Sara K Goldstein, Paul S Baitzel, Sarah I https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90n34580 <p>In daily life, we frequently feel for objects without vision using our sense called Haptics. Much of the research that has been done focused on single-handed searches with no agreed-upon conclusion on whether two hands are better than one. Here, we asked if there is a clear advantage, disadvantage, or no difference in simultaneous bimanual compared to sequential unimanual search. Participants felt for a unique target amongst uniformed distractors with their left hand only, right hand only, and with both hands simultaneously. Additionally, we asked how performance might vary when the distinguishing feature of the unique target was the same or different between the hands. Simultaneous bimanual search showed significantly more efficient search than the sequential unimanual search. Surprisingly, there was no appreciable difference between performance when searching for targets with the same and different features. This suggests that the advantage of searching bimanually isn’t due... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90n34580 Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Castillo, Samantha Marie Babazadeh, Yass Puram, Meghana Sturgill, Hunter B. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sd8m75t <p>The present study examined people’s perceptions of others as a function of fashion choices, specifically Western wedding dresses. A total of 250 UC Riverside undergraduate participants viewed a series of pictures of the model’s silhouettes wearing Western-style wedding dresses and reported their perceptions (e.g., confident, original, shy, vain, fun) of the model in each picture. The wedding dresses varied in neckline (i.e., Sweetheart, V-Neck, Halter, High Neck) and silhouette (i.e., A-line, Mermaid, Fit and Flare, Ballgown). We found significant, reliable differences in how participants perceived the models as a function of dress silhouette and neckline. Specifically, participants perceived the models wearing the Fit and Flare silhouette to be especially confident, original, fun, and vain, but the models wearing the A-line silhouette to be the least confident, original, and fun. Furthermore, participants perceived the models wearing the V-neck neckline to be especially confident... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sd8m75t Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hoang, Mindy Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07f9w7fz <p>Community violence exposure increases risk for fear-based disorders, such as anxiety, potentially due to disrupted recall of extinguished fear, whereby stimuli previously associated with threat continue to produce a fear response long after they have been deemed safe. However, this emerging work lacks adequate representation of youth from historically marginalized groups, despite their disproportionate exposure to community violence. As such, this study investigates whether such exposure is associated with neurological and behavioral indices of extinction recall in a sample of preadolescent Latina girls.&nbsp;</p> <p>Thirty-five predominantly Mexican-heritage Latina girls (MAge = 10.04, SD = 1.23, range = 8-12 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while completing an extinction recall task assessing their ability to retrieve related but competing memories of previously conditioned and extinguished threats. Following the fMRI scan, participants self-reported... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07f9w7fz Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Zelaya, Alexa Zhang, Ashley Kersting, Matthew Mullins, Jordan Michalska, Kalina J. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bs7j57k Importance: Mindfulness meditation may improve well-being among employees; however, effects of digital meditation programs are poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of digital meditation vs a waiting list condition on general and work-specific stress and whether greater engagement in the intervention moderates these effects. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial included a volunteer sample of adults (aged ≥18 years) employed at a large academic medical center who reported mild to moderate stress, had regular access to a web-connected device, and were fluent in English. Exclusion criteria included being a regular meditator. Participants were recruited from May 16, 2018, through September 28, 2019, and completed baseline, 8-week, and 4-month measures assessing stress, job strain, burnout, work engagement, mindfulness, depression, and anxiety. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to October 2024. Intervention: Participants were randomized... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bs7j57k Mon, 4 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Radin, Rachel M Vacarro, Julie Fromer, Elena Ahmadi, Sarah E Guan, Joanna Y Fisher, Sarah M Pressman, Sarah D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-6466 Hunter, John F Sweeny, Kate Tomiyama, A Janet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-5813 Hofschneider, Lauren Tiongco Zawadzki, Matthew J Gavrilova, Larisa Epel, Elissa S Prather, Aric A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v29r50r Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be an early life factor associated with adult weight stigma via biological (e.g., stress response), cognitive (e.g., self-criticism/deprecation), and/or emotional (e.g., shame) mechanisms. This pilot study investigated relationships between ACEs and internalized and experienced weight stigma in adult women with overweight/obesity and explored differential relationships between weight stigma and ACE subtypes (i.e., abuse, neglect, household dysfunction). Adult women (68% white, <i>M</i> _age = 33 ± 10 years, <i>M</i> _BMI = 33.7 ± 7.2 kg/m²) completed measures of ACEs (ACE Questionnaire), internalized weight stigma (IWS; Weight Bias Internalization Scale-Modified; WBIS-M), and lifetime experiences of weight stigma (yes/no). Data were analyzed with linear and logistic regression (<i>n</i> = 46), adjusting for age, race, and body mass index (BMI). Linear regressions revealed a positive association between ACE... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v29r50r Mon, 4 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Keirns, Natalie G Tsotsoros, Cindy E Addante, Samantha Layman, Harley M Krems, Jaimie Arona https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-2241 Pearl, Rebecca L Tomiyama, A Janet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-5813 Hawkins, Misty AW https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9f4860mw The second coming of the Ku Klux Klan popularized the Klan and its ideas in the early 1920s, terrorizing Black American, their allies, and others deemed un-American. This article investigates the extent to which the cultural legacy of racial hatred of the Klan has persisted over the years. We use data from large online databases, multiverse analyses, and spatial models to evaluate whether regions with more historical Klan activity show higher levels of modern-day racial bias, and more modern-day White Supremacist activity. We find that regions with more Ku Klux Klan activity in the 1920s show higher levels of modern White Supremacist activity but, unexpectedly, lower levels of modern implicit and explicit racial bias. We discuss the implications of these findings for models linking historical events with present-day attitudes and behavior, and for situational models of bias more broadly. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9f4860mw Tue, 22 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Primbs, Maximilian A Wienk, Margaux NA Holland, Rob W Calanchini, Jimmy Bijlstra, Gijsbert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vn1q22s Abstract: The Ming-period (1368−1644 C.E.) tombs at Upper Xuwucun, Shaanxi, yielded 23 skeletons and 4 carved stone epitaphs detailing the lives of those interred at the site. This is a rare case of linked skeletal, mortuary, and newly unearthed written records of individuals—the Zhang family—not previously known to history. Details of the epitaphs are presented, including age at death, gender, and life story, along with osteobiographies and trends in the skeletal population, including indications of antemortem trauma, benign neoplasms, and foot binding. Dimensions of gender and class specific to this historical context are inscribed in the epitaphs and in the skeletons, and together they constitute a more complete picture of the construction of social roles among Ming landowners in the rural Guanzhong Basin. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vn1q22s Thu, 17 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Berger, Elizabeth Ye, Wa Yang, Liping Wang, Weilin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jp8g57h For decades, the dominant approach to lead poisoning has been to focus on homes affected by lead paint and to treat children who are already suffering from lead poisoning. This individualizing approach developed in the context of the defunding and deregulation of government agencies in the 1980s. In recent years, however, community-academic partnerships have reframed lead as an environmental issue produced by the development of the lead industry in the twentieth century and connected to overlapping histories of exploitation, discrimination, and inaction. These community-based projects have contributed to shifting research agendas (by emphasizing historical analysis and the study of the soil and dust), achieved policy changes (with a focus on community-level solutions), and built networks and solidarity with groups advocating for climate justice, tenant organizing, and food security. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jp8g57h Thu, 17 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Rubio, Juan Manuel Kaylan, Bavisha Diaz, Anthony Flores, Patricia Cheav, Maya Bañuelas, David C Green, Ashley Hjelmstad, Annika Jong-Levinger, Ariane Schütz, Tim Carrasquillo, Maya LeBrón, Alana MW Wu, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-7112 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zs26159 The Moral Habitat, by Barbara Herman https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zs26159 Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Reath, Andrews https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13s9n12m A Simplified Version of the Hamilton–Perry Method for Forecasting Population by Age Group and Gender https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13s9n12m Sat, 28 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Swanson, David A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99c2q87t A theoretical framework is offered to explain mood contagion processes in groups. Specifically, we describe and test a two-stage leader activation and member propagation (LAMP) model that starts with the activation of the contagion process by leaders (Stage 1), followed by the mutual propagation of the mood among members (Stage 2). Results from 102 self-managing groups provide support for the LAMP model. Group mood convergence was negatively related to attribute diversity (in extroversion and neuroticism) between the leader and group members (Stage 1) and among group members (Stage 2). In both stages, group members' susceptibility to emotional contagion and interpersonal attraction had positive main effects on group mood convergence, and moderated the relationship between attribute diversity and mood convergence in groups. The findings offer new insights into group mood convergence, as it unfolds over time. © 2013. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99c2q87t Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sy, Thomas Choi, Jin Nam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8176p6vm Charismatic leadership: Eliciting and channeling follower emotions https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8176p6vm Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sy, Thomas Horton, Calen Riggio, Ronald https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hg2w614 Over four decades, research has demonstrated Pygmalion and Galatea effects (positive expectations leading to high performance) across various settings. In contrast, research on the parallel notion of Golem effects (negative expectations leading to low performance) has been largely overlooked. This study is the first to examine the relationship between group-level Implicit Followership Theories (GIFTs) and naturally occurring Golem effects. Integrating the literature on Implicit Followership Theories, self-fulfilling prophecies, and social identity, we propose that negative GIFTs can serve as proxies of expectations for followers that trigger Golem effects in workgroups. Data from 202 followers and 101 leaders provide support for our hypothesized multi-level model, revealing a top-down relationship between negative GIFTs and follower performance through their self-efficacy and effort. Findings highlight the importance of GIFTs in the Golem process, showing that followers' cognitions... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hg2w614 Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Leung, Alex Sy, Thomas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cv9z50z Summary: Implicit theories of leadership emotions (ITLEs) are individuals' schemas about emotional traits and behaviors characterizing leaders. We investigate the specific emotional content and structure of ITLEs. Five studies involving 1286 participants provide evidence for content, convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity, and internal consistency of the ITLEs instrument. ITLEs are represented by a first‐order structure (Cheer, Calm, Pride, Anger, Fear, and Remorse), and a second‐order structure (Positive and Negative ITLEs). Results revealed that female leaders elicited lower ratings on the Anger, Fear, and Remorse prototypes and higher ratings on the Cheer (but not Pride and Calm) prototype. Moreover, the relationship between ITLEs prototypes and leadership perceptions were moderated by management level, such that the relationship was significant only for high level leaders but not low level leaders. Moderated mediation results indicated that leadership... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cv9z50z Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Sy, Thomas van Knippenberg, Daan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7152k002 OBJECTIVE: Previous research has shown that self-esteem is associated with academic achievement. However, few studies have used longitudinal data to examine how self-esteem and achievement co-develop over a long time span, and even fewer have focused on ethnic minority youth. METHOD: We used data from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;674) to examine the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and academic achievement from 5th to 11th grade. Global and domain-specific self-esteem (academic, honesty, peer relationships, appearance) were assessed at ages 10, 12, 14, and 16 using Marsh et al.'s (2005) Self-Description Questionnaire. Academic achievement was assessed at the same ages using self-reported grades and standardized test scores from school records. RESULTS: Youth with high global and academic self-esteem showed relative improvements in their grades (but not test scores), and youth who received higher grades and test scores showed relative... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7152k002 Wed, 4 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Zheng, Lucy R Atherton, Olivia E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-6901 Trzesniewski, Kali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-3107 Robins, Richard W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-3484 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w13x1st ‘Helpless’ infants are active, goal-directed agents: response to Cusack et al. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w13x1st Thu, 22 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Zettersten, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-7059 Foushee, Ruthe Goddu, Mariel K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xg8b8fm Good Tidings Made Visible: Re-enactments of the Nativity from the Middle Ages to the Present. Lenke Kovács and Francesc Massip, eds. Problemata Literaria 90. Kassel: Edition Reichenberger, 2020. xii + 312 pp. €43. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xg8b8fm Sat, 17 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jaffe-Berg, Erith https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0406-5197 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pj734cg La Mirtilla https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pj734cg Sat, 17 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Jaffe-Berg, Erith https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0406-5197