http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucr_chass/rss Recent eScholarship items from College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Sun, 8 Nov 2026 16:08:38 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nx8b6kd Integrating minority threat theory with the political economy of globalization, this study theorizes and empirically tests how macrostructural changes via global value chains (GVCs) shape the carceral consequences of rising ethnic polarization in rich democracies. GVC integration should increase economic insecurity, activate and escalate latent racial and ethnic tensions, intensify dominant groups' perceptions of minority threat, and shift state strategies toward more punitive forms of social control. Thus, ethnic polarization should more strongly increase incarceration rates in countries more deeply integrated into GVCs. Using panel data from 20 countries and fixed-effects models, we examine how GVC integration moderates the relationship between within-country changes in ethnic polarization and incarceration rates. Our findings provide strong evidence that GVC integration amplifies the positive effect of ethnic polarization on incarceration. We conclude by reflecting on the broader... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nx8b6kd Thu, 5 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gao, Manjing Oselin, Sharon S Mahutga, Matthew C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0z65g1xp ABSTRACT This special issue examines globalisation and resilience, variously conceived, from a network perspective. In an era that moved from hyperglobalisation to disruption—pandemics, geopolitical tensions, climate risks—we argue that a key orienting question should be how globalisation is being reconfigured across multiplex economic, social and industrial networks. With this special issue, we hope to motivate new bodies of literature deploying social network analysis to diagnose and analyse the resilience of global economic networks to exogenous shocks. Where are such shocks likely to occur? Do they get contained in network subgraphs? Or are they absorbed more equally throughout the network? In any given network, which actors and ties, or types of actors and ties, underpin systemic robustness? The four papers in the issue span a bibliometric synthesis of ‘network resilience’ across domains; an industry‐level measure of supply‐chain disruption linking logistics reliability... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0z65g1xp Thu, 5 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Smith, Matthew Turkina, Ekaterina Mahutga, Matthew C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b78n2zd Plants and humans interact with the world through profoundly different systems. While plants are known to sense their environment, whether they perceive it remains an open scientific question (Ferretti et al., 2025). Interspecial Signal makes audible the electrical life of a living plant, placing that open question in the listener. A pothos plant is connected to Biotron, a consumer-grade controller that converts changes in the plant's bioelectrical conductivity into MIDI data in real time. That data drives bell-like tones, a radiating visual field, and Somax2, an AI improvisation system trained on a corpus of the author’s own voice, which shadows the plant's signal like an invisible vocalist. Audiences are invited to approach, gesture, and listen, and their proximity shapes what they hear and see. In that shared capacity for sensing, the work offers a point of entry into empathy with a form of life that can otherwise feel wholly alien. This paper documents the work's development... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b78n2zd Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Murphy, Erin E. Tabatabaie, Ashkan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/924262wr An instrument decides what part of the world is permitted to become sound. Each transducer, threshold, and sensor mapping isolates some property of a material and discards the remainder, according to choices made by whoever built the device. Material Synthesis Composition (MSC), the method outlined in this paper, anchors the work in those exact choices: I map the behavior of a material substrate onto compositional structure, and a human performer and a machine listener work within those dynamics. MSC grows out of Speculocultural Technopoiesis (ST), my doctoral framework, which examines how Black speculative traditions and sonic ways of knowing can direct the modification of audio tools. Writing as an experimental media artist, I take composition to include selecting materials, modifying instruments and algorithms, fixing the mappings, and conducting the session. The case is Did Sun Ra Fear Cryosleep?, the water movement of the interactive triptych Organic Memory, in which an earthen... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/924262wr Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Woodland Jr., Darren https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qq7p6qf Co-Creativity in Music, Sound, and AI: Improvisation, Interaction, Composition:&nbsp;Introduction to the Conference Proceedings https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qq7p6qf Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chagas, Paulo C. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bp9j6f4 Embodied Calligraphy integrates guided and improvised movement, Chinese calligraphic animation, sonification, and AI-mediated interaction through computer vision-based motion tracking and real-time audiovisual feedback. The project explores co-creation among three interconnected agencies: the artist-designer, participants, and interactive technologies. Drawing on intersemiotic translation, multimodal social semiotics, and somaesthetics, the research shows how calligraphic strokes are transformed into bodily gestures and audiovisual expressions, while meaning is distributed through collective interaction. Reciprocal exchanges among dancers, participants, and interactive technologies encourage imitation, improvisation, shared authorship, bodily awareness, and self-fashioning. Based on a participatory workshop at the University of California, Riverside, the study explores how programmed interactions and dancers' guidance influence participants' creative choices and collective engagement.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8bp9j6f4 Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cheng, Ka Hei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8443b8r8 Generative AI music systems enter a production environment in which composers are already asked to work quickly, respond to temp tracks and stylistic references, deliver modular revisions, and produce music whose commercial value may depend on functional similarity. This paper examines AI music through the linked problems of labor, attribution, and platform governance. It argues that generative systems are especially disruptive where musical work has already been standardized around speed, style replication, and low-cost synchronization. The analysis distinguishes human influence from model training, separates attribution from copyright ownership, and treats human authorship as a gradient of documented expressive contribution. It then examines the movement from post-hoc AI detection toward provenance-by-design: licensed-source metadata, generation logs, content credentials, watermarking, labeling, and royalty routing. Developments in 2025–2026—including licensing settlements,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8443b8r8 Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 López Duarte, Alvaro E. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mz4d8t1 Artificial intelligence (AI) in music has a long history extending at least to the early experiments of Lejaren Hiller and Leonard Isaacson in the 1950s. In the 2020s the combination of powerful GPUs, large datasets, and pre-trained transformer models has produced a dramatic expansion of AI-based musical practice. This paper explores promising trajectories for AI-based musical co-creativity considering two conflicting realities. First, the ethical and technical challenges of musical AI are not entirely novel. They mirror issues embedded in early digital and pre-computational algorithmic systems. Second, musical AI research and development has undergone a shift in its center of gravity to the private sector as seen in companies like Suno, and Google’s Magenta project, due in part to greater corporate computational resources and gigantic datasets that may not always be fully compliant with copyright law. Given the disparity in computational and data resource levels between academia... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mz4d8t1 Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lyon, Eric https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dc045fc Circulation in and for Artificial Life is an audiovisual work that investigates the emergence and persistence of identity within a computational environment that never reaches a stable state. Multiple artificial-life entities exist within an abstract ray-marched world whose visual parameters are continuously rewritten by scripts. Each frame is further transformed through a process of UV collapse driven by the electroacoustic sound composition. In particular, high-frequency cello material, especially during moments of increasing intensity toward the electroacoustic climax, activates a turbulence-based transformation that violently tears and displaces the UV coordinates of the rendered image. The artificial entities analyze the final rendered result of every frame, including the effects of UV collapse, and modify their scale, color, and shape through a genetic-algorithm-based process in an attempt to maintain visual identity. However, during the most intense moments of UV collapse,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dc045fc Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Oda, Masafumi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cx1x61z Ecosystemic music is a framing of musical systems based on natural ecosystems. Just as energy moves through ecosystems, so too does sound and data move through musical systems. By making this connection between musical systems and ecosystems explicit, I examine how the study of ecosystems can inform the creative and technical choices in the design of these systems. The role of AI in ecosystemic works is twofold: first to enable data and sound processing at a larger scale than has been possible, and second to provide a method of decision making that is distinct from human interpretation. These systems fundamentally propose a method of improvising or performing with AI systems. I examine these dynamics through two approaches to developing systems for co-creativity using algorithmic composition and AI. The first approach is the use of algorithmic systems for recording analysis and playback that respond to real-time inputs such as performer audio or listener presence. The second is... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cx1x61z Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gerard, Garrison https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xz2p2hw Central to questions of co-creativity and “AI”–which we define as both generative and assistive AI models built from machine learning and other computational systems–are the ways in which different types of artificial intelligence programs impact the music workplace. The following assembles highlights from a roundtable held during the conference that explores how AI music tools reshape the creative process as well as how labor operates in these spaces. Who creates AI tools for musical applications, who controls their operations, and who gets to use them? What are the costs and consequences of AI usage, from environmental destruction to power imbalances in the music industry? We came to this panel in order to discuss these crucial questions. This discussion draws on the expertise of five professionals located across popular music: scholars who study music production, producer-scholars, and professionals whose primary work is in production. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xz2p2hw Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Duchêne, Frank Agnes Huether, Kathryn mesmi, mesmi Przybylski, Liz Skjerseth, Amy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61h0x0pn Maintained by Omission is an audiovisual composition that explores the tension between habitual human perception and machine-assisted perception. Rooted in Vilém Flusser’s media philosophy, the project approaches artificial intelligence not as a conscious entity, but as an interactive processing mirror within a cybernetic, dialogic feedback loop. Grounded in the premise that human cognition routinely filters out environmental noise to maintain perceptual stability and social balance, keeping us from being overwhelmed by the world's constant, unfiltered saturation, this paper takes the reader on an inward journey through the project's creative process—mirroring how the composition itself turns inward toward the hidden layers of human perception and daily life. Through an interactive dialogue across language models (ChatGPT, Gemini), audio architectures (Max/MSP Somax 2), generative video models (RunwayML), and AI audio generators (Suno), raw human observations—captured via environmental... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61h0x0pn Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mares, Ariana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5054d1b1 Short Concert for the Last 74s of Topsy is a generative audiovisual work that departs from the case of Topsy, an elephant electrocuted in Coney Island in 1903 and filmed by the Edison Manufacturing Company, in order to interrogate the relation between technique, memory, and the asymmetry of power. In this essay, I take the original footage as the perceptual field of a system developed in Max/MSP/Jitter, which translates the pixels of the archive into sound through the technique of sonification, within a paradigm of symbolic AI made of explicit rules and without machine learning. I discuss the idea of a music latent in the image, revealed by a non-human intelligence indifferent to affect: the mapping rules are authorial, and the algorithmic testimony is produced, not discovered. To opt for the legibility of these rules, against the opacity of the black box, is a deliberately ethical and political position, enunciated from the Global South, because it makes inspectable who decides... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5054d1b1 Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Motta Bossa, Vitor Ferreira https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t87x4rw Charade (1963): Alternate Edit Film Score for Chamber Orchestra (2026) is a new film score for the eponymous classic 1963 film starring Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn, directed by Stanley Donen. It was commissioned by the Unequal Fifths Composer Collective, of which I am a founding member, and composed for my chamber orchestra, the Martians. This paper employs both technological and analytical methodologies to describe the creative process that went into the composition of Charade: Alternate Edit Film Score. I discuss my use of AI Stem-Splitting technology to isolate the film dialogue from the monaural audio containing the original Henry Mancini score, as well as the more expansive use of various other narrative and technical tools to edit the film, each of which helped to drive my creative process. Charade: Alternate Edit Film Score demonstrates the inherent creative fecundity of the transformation of original video elements from a given film in the public domain, in this case... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t87x4rw Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gibson, Patrick https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k64p1fz Within the Euro-American art-music tradition, creativity has largely been framed through humanist paradigms privileging individual authorship, intentionality, and stylistic innovation. The growing presence of generative AI and machine learning (ML) in composition and performance unsettles these assumptions and calls for a rethinking of creative agency. This paper asks how the integration of artificial neural networks into live vocal improvisation reshapes musicological concepts of authorship, performance, and agency. Drawing on Donna Haraway’s situated, hybrid subjectivities, Rosi Braidotti’s relational posthuman subject, Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of assemblage, and Dominic Pettman’s account of sonic intimacy, it develops a posthumanist framework that is tested against two case studies: Tomomibot, by Tomomi Adachi, Andreas Dzialocha, and Marcello Lussana, and ULTRACHUNK, by Jennifer Walshe and Memo Akten. Combining philosophical inquiry with musicological analysis of vocal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4k64p1fz Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Paradiso, Paolo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hz056zd This article reflects on “Duo Squared” and “Mirage,” two improvisational works that pair human musicians with AI-generated versions of themselves. Both works use Somax2, an interactive music system that recombines analyzed slices of audio corpora in response to live performers. Their bespoke corpora are drawn from the H2H Music Improv Dataset, specifically recordings of the participating musicians improvising together. Consequently, the systems reproduce not only each performer’s characteristic sounds and gestures, but also musical responses originally created in dialogue with a particular partner. Through practice-based reflection, the authors examine whether musical AI should resemble human collaborators, generate unfamiliar behavior, or operate as a reflective tool through which improvisers can interrogate their own creative practices. Performance experiences reveal moments in which distinctions between human and AI partners become difficult to hear, complicating perceived... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hz056zd Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Albert, Jeffrey Cammarota, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1412t0k0 This paper examines AI-generated music as a twenty-first-century form of propaganda, analyzing how synthetic songs shape collective identity and political belonging without top-down institutional control. Focusing on the viral AI-generated song “We Are Charlie Kirk” and its accompanying YouTube video, I trace how AI tools construct an in-group world of Christian nationalist imagery, drawing on ethnomusicological and media theory frameworks alongside historical precedents in fascist radio broadcasting, Nazi martyrdom songs, and Cold War-era country music and Hollywood film. Using reverse-prompt research on the commercial platform Suno, I show how a simple prompt can generate a fully realized martyrdom ballad, revealing the racialized and class-coded assumptions embedded in AI music generation. I further show how ironic remixes and covers of the Kirk song, rather than subverting its message, extend its circulation and reinforce in-group and out-group dynamics. A comparative case... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1412t0k0 Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Swire, Sonnet https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09535009 Current discussions of artificial intelligence in music often focus on AI-generated artifacts and whether machines can compose autonomously. This paper shifts attention from finished outputs to the broader creative workflow, asking how generative AI can participate in audiovisual composition without directly generating the final score. Through two practice-based case studies, this paper examines AI across conceptual development, prompt mediation, material generation, research, evaluation, and reflection. In the first case, conversational AI supported concept and prompt development, while an image-to-video system produced visual material that required substantial human editing before independently composed music was added. The second case examines a Dunhuang-inspired dance film in which AI supported cultural research, theoretical inquiry, and audiovisual ideation, while verification, composition, orchestration, synchronization, and aesthetic judgment remained human-directed. Drawing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09535009 Mon, 2 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cao, Wanying https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ts4f6qm In everyday life, people often need to remember the locations of objects, such as where a car was parked on a given day. A key question is whether a similar prior experience (e.g., parking in the same lot the previous day) facilitates or interferes with memory for a new event. The Grid Learning Task (GLT) was developed to address this question. In this task, participants study a set of objects arranged on a grid and are then asked to place them in their correct locations on an empty version of the grid. Two overlap conditions are of primary interest: the Location overlap condition and the Object overlap condition. In the Location overlap condition, different objects are presented in the same spatial configuration as the previous grid. In the Object overlap condition, the same objects are presented in a different spatial configuration. The current protocol modifies the original task to a within-subjects design in which participants experience all overlap types. By comparing learning... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ts4f6qm Mon, 26 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mathada, Samika Mopur, Ananya Kim, Seongyun Dimsdale-Zucker, Halle R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h36x4rn Ma Y, <i>Ambitious and Anxious: How Chinese College Students Succeed and Struggle in American Higher Education</i> MaY (2020) Ambitious and Anxious: How Chinese College Students Succeed and Struggle in American Higher Education. Columbia University Press. 312 pp. ISBN 9780231184588. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9h36x4rn Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k4637mv How do people emotionally imagine political others and the competing sovereignty claims they represent, and how are these imaginaries tied to different visions of the collective “us”? Drawing on 93 interviews with Chinese college students in China and the United States between 2019 and 2021, this study examines how Chinese youth’s visions of China’s future organize their emotional responses to Hong Kong and Taiwan. We develop a typology along two dimensions: visions of China’s future (stronger versus freer) and the perceived significance of Hong Kong and Taiwan for that future. A stronger-China vision paired with high perceived significance produces nationalist defensiveness , which frames sovereignty in terms of national dignity, security, and the unfinished project of national strengthening. A freer-China vision paired with high perceived significance yields admiration and identification with democratic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k4637mv Thu, 1 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 Zhou, Wendy Weile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-2489 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65h7j3kw A minimally autopoietic artificial intelligence (AI) system could be designed according to current engineering principles. Although Seth suggests that standard computational systems are not autopoietic and therefore not conscious, <i>autopoiesis</i> is a high-level, functional concept, and nothing appears to prevent autopoietic processes in a standard computational system. Autopoietic requirements do not in principle rule out consciousness in standard AI systems. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65h7j3kw Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Schwitzgebel, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-7074 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rq1p9s3 Previous research often reveals relatively poor correspondence among three prominent indirect measures configured to assess racial stereotypes: the Weapon Identification Task (WIT), the First-Person Shooter Task (FPST), and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Importantly, these measures differ on a variety of procedural dimensions (e.g., task instructions, stimulus presentation, response time limits), which confounds explanations of low correspondence. In a fully within-participants design, N = 372 participants completed versions of the WIT, FPST, and IAT that were aligned on several procedural dimensions. Process modeling revealed high correlations among measures for model parameters reflecting controlled and automatic processes. However, model-based racial bias estimates correlated only moderately between the WIT and the FPST, and not at all with the IAT. Our findings suggest that all three measures share some correspondence when procedurally aligned, but each reflects a specific... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rq1p9s3 Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Laukenmann, Ruben Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p89v85s Dense, individual-level datasets are an important resource for social neuroscience that enable models of brain responses to a wide range of naturalistic features, often investigated with movie fMRI. This data release provides high spatiotemporal resolution 3 Tesla BOLD fMRI data in three healthy participants while viewing four feature-length movies with sound (Grand Budapest Hotel, Forrest Gump, Planet Earth, Jiro Dreams of Sushi; ca. 520 minutes) and a movie trailer composite, together with clip and movie repeats. All movie functional data were acquired with partial brain coverage from an approximately axial slab covering ventral prefrontal and temporal lobes, including the amygdala, with a repetition time of 556 ms and complex-valued image reconstruction. The dataset is released in both unprocessed and minimally preprocessed forms with individual, high quality anatomic templates. Preprocessed fMRI data are provided in both individual template and FreeSurfer average surface spaces.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p89v85s Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Tyszka, J Diamandis, Zachary Keles, Umit Xu, Yue Kim, Na Zhu, Wenying Wu, Qianying Kahn, David Adolphs, Ralph https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f8730h0 Human personality generally refers to coherent individuating patterns in affect, behavior, and cognition. We can only observe and measure behavior, from which we then infer personality and other psychological processes (affect, cognition, etc.). We emphasize that the study of personality always explains or summarizes patterns not only in behavior but also in these other psychological processes inferred from behavior. We thus argue that personality should be attributed only to nonhuman animals with behaviors from which we can infer a sufficiently rich set of psychological processes. The mere inference of a biological trait that explains behavioral variability, on our view, is not sufficient to count as a personality construct and should be given a different term. Methodologically, inferring personality in nonhuman animals entails challenges in characterizing ecologically valid behaviors, doing so across rich and varied environments, and collecting enough data. We suggest that studies... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f8730h0 Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Adolphs, Ralph Xu, Yue https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78q085d9 Memory generalization allows individuals to extract and apply information from prior experiences to novel situations, supporting flexible learning and efficient decision-making. Theoretical models suggest that sleep should facilitate generalization, yet the literature examining its role in promoting generalization is mixed. We recruited 137 participants via Prolific to complete an image-location memory task over two sessions spaced 12 h apart. Participants were randomly assigned to the Wake group (learning in the morning) or the Sleep group (learning in the evening). In Session 1, participants learned the location of stimuli on the screen and were tested on their memory 5 min later. Twelve hours later, in Session 2, they were tested on their memory again. Stimuli consisted of 160 images from eight semantic categories and were strategically positioned on-screen to test the effects of generalization on retrieval (i.e., category-based memory distortions and biases). After the delay,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78q085d9 Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lu, Tiange Ji, Zhuangning Tompary, Alexa Schechtman, Eitan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/128347j5 BACKGROUND: Machine learning methods employing neuroimaging data are useful for monitoring the activation of neural representations. Specifically, they can be used to discern the brain networks engaged in processing specific categories of items. This approach has been employed on neuroimaging data, including functional magnetic resonance imaging data and electroencephalography (EEG) data. NEW METHOD: Here, we present a task and an analytical pipeline for investigating category representations using EEG. Participants (N = 30) viewed a series of images and words of objects belonging to five categories (Animals, Tools, Food, Scenes, and Vehicles) and responded when items from the same category were presented consecutively. RESULTS: We trained support vector machines on EEG data within participants and found that both image trials and word trials yielded significant category classification accuracy, with image trials achieving higher accuracy than word trials. When comparing categories... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/128347j5 Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Morakabati, Neda R Thiha, Alison S Schechtman, Eitan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1315b1q6 Loneliness and social isolation are associated with numerous adverse physical and psychological health outcomes in older adulthood, including cognitive impairment and mortality risk. Yet, how the individual and joint effects of loneliness and social isolation contribute to these outcomes remains unclear, particularly given the interplay between individual differences (loneliness) and environmental factors (social isolation) in shaping these important health outcomes in older adulthood (i.e., person-environment interactions). We used Cox regression, logistic regression, and multistate survival models to systematically investigate the individual and adjusted associations among loneliness, social isolation, cognitive aging outcomes, and mortality risk. Further, extensive between-study variability in operational definitions, modeling approaches, and covariate adjustments may be contributing to mixed results in the existing literature. In this registered report, we applied a multistudy... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1315b1q6 Tue, 1 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yoneda, Tomiko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-1881 Jackson, Kathryn L Noyer, Emily C Beam, Christopher R Pfund, Gabrielle Antonoplis, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-5516 Beck, Emorie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-3510 Bedjeti, Katy Qin, Pei Garner, Kayla M Luo, Jing Van Bogart, Karina Pieramici, Lily Hauner, Katherina Turiano, Nicholas A O’Súilleabháin, Páraic S Barnes, Lisa Bennett, David A Terrera, Graciela Muniz Mroczek, Daniel K James, Bryan D Steptoe, Andrew Ong, Anthony D Graham, Eileen K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jq29213 While cancer remains the leading cause of occupational death among firefighters, cancer mitigation efforts are not always successful. This study examines how health practices become durable behavioral changes within the professional field of California firefighters. Drawing on 48 in-depth interviews, we examine how health uptake has been successful in a field where resistance would be expected based on the entrenched tradition and masculine culture. Integrating Bourdieu's framework with Fundamental Cause Theory, we show that cultural, symbolic, and social capital must be reconfigured concurrently to transform the entrenched habitus and enhance cancer mitigation. Specifically, acquiring new knowledge on cancer risks, reclassifying clean gear as a new symbol of professionalism, and solidifying the new knowledge and symbol through cohesive social networks can facilitate habitus transformation and produce sustained behavioral changes in cancer mitigation. Our research enriches both... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jq29213 Sat, 29 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Huft, Justin Fields, Benjamin Cohen, Tyler Link, Bruce Zhao, Wei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pg770z7 Infants learn through everyday interactions with the physical and social environment. For infants with cerebral palsy (CP), motor impairments may disrupt everyday learning opportunities. How can we measure real-world motor behavior and learning opportunities in infants with CP? Machine learning models have been developed to quantify body position throughout a day in infants with typical development (TD) using wearable sensor data. However, these models have not been validated in infants with motor impairments. This study assessed the validity of body position classification using machine learning and sensors in infants with CP. Ten infants with CP (7-18 months; one session each) and 19 infants with TD (4-12 months; 45 sessions) wore four inertial sensors on their legs throughout a day. Ninety minutes were video recorded and manually scored for body position in five categories: supine, prone, sitting, standing, and held. Random forest classifiers were trained to predict body position... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pg770z7 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kretch, Kari S Enriques, Florencia A Franchak, John M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-2864 Abney, Drew H Bell, Christopher A Jerry, Christian M Lindig, Katherine Steffen, Grace https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22c0q195 Uncertainty in long-term climate outcomes arises not only from physical processes but also from societal responses to climate variability and change. Here we embed a range of temperature anomalies into an empirically-informed, coupled climate–social model to investigate how natural temperature variability, through its influence on societal decision-making, shapes global emissions trajectories. Using Monte Carlo ensembles spanning social, political, and technological parameters, we find that anomalous mid-century warmth strengthens public support for mitigation and accelerates the timing of net-zero emissions by several years, whereas anomalous cooling delays net-zero achievement. The response scales with the magnitude and persistence of variability with stronger and longer-lasting temperature anomalies producing larger shifts in mitigation timing. Across ensembles, high-variability climates are associated with higher emissions pathways and a greater likelihood of failing to reach... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22c0q195 Wed, 26 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Larson, James G Keys, Patrick W Moore, Frances C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-9642 Burkhardt, Jesse https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ks304jj Happiness seekers tend to focus on changing their life circumstances, such as buying a new house, switching jobs, or getting married. However, people have been found to adapt to both positive and negative life changes, such as marriage, job promotion, disability, and widowhood. This process—known as hedonic adaptation—can serve as a formidable barrier to achieving lasting happiness. The Hedonic Adaptation Prevention model outlines why people adapt to life changes and sheds light on how adaptation to favorable events can be forestalled and how adaptation to unfavorable events can be hastened. In this chapter, we focus on a positive change as the model’s starting point, which is associated with an immediate boost in well-being and a gradual decline back to baseline. Individuals adapt to positive life changes due to increasing aspirations and declines in the number of positive events and emotions associated with the change. Fortunately, lasting happiness change is indeed possible,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ks304jj Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Armenta, Christina Bao, Katherine Jacobs Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 Sheldon, Kennon M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k11p098 As many happiness seekers inevitably discover, human beings are remarkably susceptible to hedonic adaptation—the process of becoming accustomed to positive life changes. Even if individuals observe short-term increases in happiness, how can they avoid the natural erosion of happiness over time? Can anyone ever stay happier? In the present chapter, we review the mechanisms underlying hedonic adaptation to positive experiences and present evidence that sheds light on how people can deliberately prevent or slow it down. We argue that the intentional, effortful use of positive activities can produce and sustain significant increases in happiness. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k11p098 Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fritz, Megan M Walsh, Lisa C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-4824 Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m87n1gj Making Happiness Last <i>Using the Hedonic Adaptation Prevention Model to Extend the Success of Positive Interventions</i> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m87n1gj Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bao, Katherine Jacobs Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gq1h509 Background Escalating healthcare expenditures highlight the need to identify modifiable predictors of the use and costs of healthcare and sickness benefit transfers. We conducted a prospective analysis on Danish data to determine the costs associated with flourishing as compared to the below threshold level of flourishing. Methods We used data from a 2016 Danish survey of 3508 adults, which was linked to Danish register data. Flourishing was assessed with a validated psychological well-being scale. A two-part regression model was used to predict 2017 costs while adjusting for 2016 costs, demographic variables, and health status, including psychiatric morbidity and health behaviours. Costs are expressed in USD PPP. Results Applying criteria from prior literature, the prevalence of flourishing in Denmark (measured in 2016) was 34.7%. Flourishing was associated with significantly lower healthcare costs ($-687.7, 95% CI&nbsp;=&nbsp;$-1295.0, $-80.4) and sickness benefit transfers... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gq1h509 Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Santini, Ziggi Ivan Nielsen, Line Hinrichsen, Carsten Nelausen, Malene Kubstrup Meilstrup, Charlotte Koyanagi, Ai McDaid, David Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 VanderWeele, Tyler J Koushede, Vibeke https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cc2b7g9 BACKGROUND: Social connection is critical to both psychological well-being and optimal immune function. The present study tested whether a behavioral intervention to increase social connection (promoting extraverted behavior) might reduce a threat-related immunoregulatory gene expression program known as the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA). The CTRA is characterized by elevated inflammatory gene expression and reduced innate antiviral gene expression in response to beta adrenergic signaling and has been associated with adverse social conditions such as loneliness and ostracism. METHODS: In an 8-week intervention (with 6-week behavior change protocol), participants from a campus community (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;119; 87&nbsp;% undergraduate; 9&nbsp;% graduate; 4&nbsp;% staff) were randomized to act more extraverted (sociable; Extraversion condition) or track routine daily activities (Control condition). Participants reported on psychological outcomes and provided... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cc2b7g9 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martinez, Ramona L Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 Cole, Steve W https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6485k3fn This narrative review examines research on artificial intelligence (AI), including rule-based systems, natural language processing models, and large language models, in relation to well-being, social connection, and personal growth. After briefly tracing the history of AI, we review evidence from AI-facilitated well-being interventions, educational applications, interpersonal skill development, AI-mediated communication, and AI companionship. In clinical and nonclinical settings, structured AI applications show some short-term benefits for anxiety, stress, loneliness, self-esteem, learning, and social confidence, while emerging evidence suggests that AI companions may provide temporary emotional support and a sense of connection. However, findings across these domains are not consistent and appear to depend on how AI is used, the structure of the interaction, the type of feedback provided, and the broader context. Important risks include emotional dependence, overreliance, reduced... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6485k3fn Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vannoy, Tanya K Cadieux, Stephen Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v87h4rb This study merged archival data from three separate experiments to investigate the typology of individuals who benefit most and least from gratitude letter writing interventions (<i>N</i> = 487). First, k-means clustering of pre- to post-intervention changes in affect revealed three distinct groups: Buffered, Mixed Feelings, and Backfired. The Buffered cluster comprised individuals who, on average, experienced decreases in negative affect (e.g., less frustration) but no changes in positive emotions (e.g., joyful). The Mixed Feelings cluster experienced increases in positive affect, alongside self-conscious emotions, particularly indebtedness, which became more closely aligned with uplifting emotional states following the intervention. The Backfired cluster experienced decreases in positive feelings and increases in negative affect. Next, differences in individual characteristics across clusters indicated that those in the Buffered cluster were relatively more neurotic, had higher... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v87h4rb Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vannoy, Tanya K Walsh, Lisa C Liao, Luke Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42m7f8zn How Chanting Enhances Well-Being: The Roles of Vocalization, Repetition, and Concentration https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42m7f8zn Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cadieux, Stephen Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12v499gc Pathways to Self-Compassion: The Effects of Self-Kind Behaviors and Self-Kind Thoughts on Self-Compassion and Well-Being https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12v499gc Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martinez, Ramona L Regan, Annie Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rh3r5b5 Solidarity and Social Justice in the midst of covid-19 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rh3r5b5 Sat, 8 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hue, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-5092 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53k4t3h7 Review of “Cultural Mavericks: The Business and Politics of Independent Bookselling in China” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53k4t3h7 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ps1b8z6 The "Kantian roots" of the original position https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ps1b8z6 Tue, 7 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Reath, Andrews https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv9v366 <i>What Emerged Autonomy and Heteronomy in the</i> Groundwork <i>and Second</i> Critique https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv9v366 Tue, 7 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Reath, Andrews https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 BACKGROUND: Living in a country with a large gap between high and low earners has been linked to poor health, including depression. Less studied is gene-by-environment interplay with income inequality as the environmental exposure. Here, we examine the association between childhood exposure to inequality and individual differences in adult depressive symptoms, testing for moderation of genetic influences by inequality using polygenic indices for major depressive disorder, as well as twin models. METHODS: The research participants were 69,924 members of twin studies from four developed countries, born between 1893 and 1979, aged 22-103 years at depressive symptom assessment. Genotyping was available for 6,256 participants. Income inequality was operationalized as share of income accruing to the top 1% for each country when the participants were between age 5 and 15 years. RESULTS: Childhood income inequality was associated with depressive symptom scores in adulthood, adjusting... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Petkus, Andrew J Reynolds, Chandra A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-7173 Finch, Brian K Thomas, Kyla Beam, Christopher R Catts, Vibeke S Ericsson, Malin Finkel, Deborah G Franz, Carol E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755 Kremen, William S Larsen, Lisbeth Aagaard Martin, Nicholas G McGue, Matt Mosing, Miriam A Neiderhiser, Jenae M Nygaard, Marianne Pedersen, Nancy L Thalamuthu, Anbupalam Whitfield, Keith E Gatz, Margaret Consortium, the IGEMS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th8c22k Cognitive decline, in healthy older adults without cognitive impairment or dementia, has been associated with numerous microstructural alterations in brain tissue using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior studies have primarily linked age-related cognitive decline to alterations in white matter tissue, but methodological advances in diffusion-weighted imaging (dMRI) data acquisition and modeling now allow for these analyses to be extended to gray matter tissue. Here, using a sample of 152 healthy adults (18-88 years of age), we used a multicompartment dMRI model to assess (1) age-related differences in gray matter microstructure of functionally defined networks and (2) whether microstructural alterations accounted for age-related differences in episodic memory and speed-dependent fluid cognition. We observed significant age-related alterations in gray matter tissue in the form of nonlinear, age-related increases and decreases in intracellular and dispersed diffusion, respectively,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th8c22k Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Merenstein, Jenna L Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Madden, David J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f63b4kw Adults of all ages are worse at recognizing pairs of items that were previously seen together relative to the individual items, and this paired-associative memory deficit is exacerbated in aging. Less is known about memory for higher associative loads, which place greater demands on binding processes that link items into a cohesive memory trace, among other processes (e.g., working memory, recollection). In this study, adults across the lifespan (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;250, 18-78&nbsp;years) completed a novel recognition task in which they studied word pairs, triplets, and quadruplets and were tested on their memory for repeated, recombined, and novel word sets. Associative memory deficits were seen in adults of all ages as fewer correct responses to repeated sets (hits), more incorrect responses to recombined sets (recombined false alarm, FA), and larger differences between these measures (associative memory) at higher set sizes. In addition, older adults had worse associative memory... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f63b4kw Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Franco, Corinna Y Alcaraz-Torres, Alexander Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nd9f115 <p>Adults of all ages are worse at remembering which pairs of items were previously seen together relative to memory for the individual items, and this paired-associative memory deficit is exacerbated in aging. Less is known about memory for higher-order associations, including whether they place greater demands on the binding processes that link information into a cohesive memory trace. In this study, adults across the lifespan (Experiment 1: n = 250, 18-78 years) and in extreme age groups (Experiment 2: n = 64, 18-25 and 64-78 years) completed a novel recognition task in which they studied word pairs, triplets, and quadruplets and were later tested on their memory for repeated, recombined, and novel word sets. Associative memory deficits were seen in both experiments as the difference between correct responses to repeated (hits) and incorrect responses to recombined (recombined false alarm, FA) sets that decreased from pairs to quadruplets. In addition, older age groups had... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nd9f115 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Franco, Corinna Alcaraz-Torres, Alexander Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hn5j4hf Introduction: Frailty is characterized by a persistent and progressive decline in functional capacity, leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and a heightened risk of adverse health outcomes, both physically and mentally. Despite frailty's prevalence in older adults, there is limited research on its neural substrates. Methods: In this study, we used connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to find a linear relationship between task-based connectomes taken from tasks that involved similar handgrip manipulations and a separate measure of physical frailty: the maximum grip strength in older adults. Results: We observed that the task-based connectomes were able to explain individual differences in grip strength, with the Subcortical and Cerebellum network, particularly the caudate nucleus functional connectivity, being the strongest predictor. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that task-based functional connectomes can serve as personalized markers for predicting individual... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hn5j4hf Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghaffari, Amin Abouzaki, Majd Romero, Yasmine Sun, Andrew Seitz, Aaron https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-9303 Langley, Jason Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh2b8ms The presence of neurofibrillary tangles containing hyper-phosphorylated tau is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand sensitive to tau neurofibrillary tangles (¹⁸F-AV1451) also binds with iron. This off-target binding effect may be enhanced in older adults on the AD spectrum, particularly those with amyloid-positive biomarkers. Here, we examined group differences in ¹⁸F-AV1451 PET after controlling for iron-sensitive measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its relationships to tissue microstructure and cognition in 40 amyloid beta positive (Aβ+) individuals, 20 amyloid beta negative (Aβ-) with MCI and 31 Aβ- control participants. After controlling for iron, increased ¹⁸F-AV1451 PET uptake was found in the temporal lobe and hippocampus of Aβ+ participants compared to Aβ- MCI and control participants. Within the Aβ+ group, significant correlations were seen between ¹⁸F-AV1451... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh2b8ms Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Langley, Jason Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7040 Initiative, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41t6h49z Locus Coeruleus Engagement Drives Network Connectivity Dynamics In Humans And Rats https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41t6h49z Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hussain, Sana Shalchy, Mahsa Alizadeh Yaghoubi, Kimia C Langley, Jason Chen, Xu Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Huang, Ringo Clewett, David Nielsen, Shawn E Velasco, Rico Kennedy, Briana Han, Sophia Tu, Kristie Seitz, Aaron R Zhang, Nanyin Mather, Mara Hu, Xiaoping Peters, Megan AK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-0816 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bv183c6 Abstract Evidence from animal and histological studies have indicated that accumulation of iron in the brain results in reactive gliosis that contributes to cognitive deficits. The current study extends these findings to human cognitive aging and suggests that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques like quantitative relaxometry can be used to study iron and its effects in vivo . The effects of iron on microstructure and memory performance were examined using a combination of quantitative relaxometry and multi-compartment diffusion imaging in 35 young (21.06 ± 2.18 years) and 28 older (72.58 ± 6.47 years) adults, who also completed a memory task. Replicating past work, results revealed age-related increases in iron content (R 2 *) and diffusion, and decreases in memory performance. Independent of age group, iron content was significantly related to restricted (intracellular) diffusion in regions with low-moderate iron (hippocampus, caudate) and to all diffusion metrics in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bv183c6 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Venkatesh, Anu Daugherty, Ana M Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g16p0xp This study aimed to provide a complete characterization of age group differences in cortical lobar, hippocampal, and subcortical gray matter microstructure using a multi-compartment diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) approach with parameters optimized for gray matter (Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging, NODDI). 76 younger (undergraduate students) and 64 older (surrounding communities) adults underwent diffusion-, T1-, and susceptibility-weighted MRI. Results revealed eight unique patterns across the 12 regions of interest in the relative direction and magnitude of age effects across NODDI metrics, which were grouped into three prominent patterns: cortical gray matter had predominantly higher free diffusion in older than younger adults, the hippocampus and amygdala had predominantly higher dispersion of diffusion and intracellular diffusion in older than younger adults, and the putamen and globus pallidus had lower dispersion of diffusion in older than younger adults.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2g16p0xp Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Greenman, Danielle Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458p9sj <p>Healthy aging is accompanied by declines in the ability to learn associations between events, even when their relationship cannot be described. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have attributed these implicit associative learning (IAL) deficits to differential engagement of the hippocampus and basal ganglia in older relative to younger adults in early and late stages of the task, respectively. However, these task stages have been confounded with age group differences in learning performance that emerge later and to a lesser degree in older adults. To disentangle the effects of task stage from learning stage (i.e., when there is significant evidence of learning) on age group differences in the neural substrates of IAL, we acquired fMRI data while 28 younger (20.8 ± 2.3 years) and 22 older (73.6 ± 6.8 years) healthy adults completed the Triplets Learning Task, in which the location of two cues predicted the location of a target with high (HF) or low... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458p9sj Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Merenstein, Jenna Louise Petok, Jessica R Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458d4j5 OBJECTIVE: Elevated kurtosis values have been observed in subcortical grey matter structures of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined relationships between iron measures and kurtosis in iron-rich subcortical grey matter structures.Please check and confirm the affiliation 4 for the author "Xiaoping P. Hu".Affiliation 4 for Xiaoping P. Hu was incorrect since he is not associated with that department. We have removed this affiliation. Thanks!&nbsp; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multi-shell diffusion and multi-echo gradient echo acquisitions were used to derive mean kurtosis and iron measures (R₂* and magnetic susceptibility), respectively, in subcortical grey matter nuclei and white matter tracts in a discovery cohort (110 healthy older and 63 younger adults) and replication cohort (72 healthy older adults).Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (Ilana J. Bennett and Xiaoping P. Hu). Also, kindly confirm the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1458d4j5 Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Langley, Jason Solis, Kitzia Masjedizadeh, Vala Shao, Murphy Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7040 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d2128zn Handgrip strength relates to corticospinal tract microstructure in older adults https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d2128zn Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Solis, Kitzia Shao, Murphy Langley, Jason Seitz, Aaron R Hu, Xiaoping Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bd5p26g Brain regions accumulate different amounts of iron with age, with older adults having higher iron in the basal ganglia (globus pallidus, putamen, caudate) relative to the hippocampus. This has important implications for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in aging as the presence of iron may influence both neuronal functioning as well as the measured fMRI (BOLD) signal, and these effects will vary across age groups and brain regions. To test this hypothesis, the current study examined the effect of iron on age group differences in task-related activity within each basal nuclei and the hippocampus. Twenty-eight younger and 22 older adults completed an associative learning task during fMRI acquisition. Iron content (QSM, R₂*) was estimated from a multi-echo gradient echo sequence. As previously reported, older adults learned significantly less than younger adults and age group differences in iron content were largest in the basal ganglia (putamen, caudate).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bd5p26g Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Petok, Jessica R Merenstein, Jenna L Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3844m9kj <h4>Objective</h4>Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital anomalies caused by failure of neural tube closure during pregnancy and contribute to childhood morbidity and mortality. Folic acid supplementation reduces NTDs risk, yet adherence remains low, particularly among Hispanic women and non-Hispanic Black women. This study examines folic acid supplementation by race/ethnicity, nativity, and social determinants of health (SDOH).<h4>Methods</h4>Data came from the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program (Registered Tier Dataset v7), a large, diverse biomedical dataset that includes underrepresented populations. Analyses were restricted to participants enrolled between May 2018-June 2022. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models assessed for differences in folic acid supplementation, controlling for age, income, education, insurance, and pregnancy.<h4>Results</h4>Among pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-49&nbsp;years; N&nbsp;=&nbsp;85,874),... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3844m9kj Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Almeida, Isabel F Marks, Yael Vu, Brian Mostafazadeh, Tara https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09h096mp Since the end of racial prerequisite cases in 1952, anyone born on US soil has been granted birthright citizenship. But, prominent political figures have recently questioned whether children born to undocumented immigrants should automatically receive citizenship. Despite the importance of this issue, there is limited research on public attitudes towards this policy, its determinants, and its consequences. We address these open questions using the 2020 CMPS, and find that while most support birthright citizenship, a significant minority favors its revocation. Support for a ban is higher among Whites than among minorities. Those with closer ties to the immigrant experience, more liberal attitudes, and lower Trump favorability are less likely to support a ban. Negative attitudes towards undocumented immigrants and racial attitudes are also strongly correlated with banning birthright citizenship. Finally, birthright citizenship attitudes are consequential: across each racial group,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09h096mp Sun, 24 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lajevardi, Nazita Merolla, Jennifer L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-7206 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12h203jd Este artigo propõe o conceito de assinatura sonora como um paradigma para repensar a composição eletroacústica contemporânea na interseção entre ecologia, &nbsp;filosofia e mediação tecnológica. Indo além do paradigma inicial do estúdio, centrado no objeto sonoro autônomo, o estudo argumenta que as práticas atuais – caracterizadas por eletrônica em tempo real, espacialização imersiva, integração audiovisual e sistemas orientados por inteligência artificial – privilegiam a organização relacional em vez de materiais sonoros isolados. A partir da teoria das paisagens sonoras ecológicas de Bernie Krause e do conceito de assinatura de Giorgio Agamben como operador paradigmático, o artigo reconceitua a composição como a construção e a revelação de campos sonoros relacionais. As assinaturas sonoras ecológicas emergem da distribuição dinâmica de nichos acústicos em sistemas vivos; de modo análogo, obras eletroacústicas geram ambientes estruturados nos quais a agência é distribuída entre... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12h203jd Sat, 23 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chagas, Paulo C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-5508 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04d287c8 Cultural tightness refers to the strength of social norms and tolerance for norm violations within regions. In two studies, we investigated the link between cultural tightness and sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality traits within the United States and across 56 nations. We relied on two separate operationalizations of cultural tightness and aggregated self-reported sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality trait data from tens of thousands of geolocated internet respondents. Regression analyses suggest that more culturally tight U.S. states are less open, more conscientious, and higher in the need for certainty. Tighter states also more strongly endorse racial stereotyping, right-wing authoritarianism, and other system-justifying beliefs, but less weakly endorse egalitarianism. In addition, tighter nations are lower in extraversion and creativity. Taken together, we find that cultural tightness is a parsimonious predictor of regional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04d287c8 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wilson, Liz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-980X Calanchini, Jimmy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-143X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41w6w2sc ObjectiveElevated kurtosis values have been observed in subcortical grey matter structures of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined relationships between iron measures and kurtosis in iron-rich subcortical grey matter structures.Materials and methodsMulti-shell diffusion and multi-echo gradient echo acquisitions were used to derive mean kurtosis and iron measures (R2* and magnetic susceptibility), respectively, in subcortical grey matter nuclei and white matter tracts in a discovery cohort (110 healthy older and 63 younger adults) and replication cohort (72 healthy older adults).ResultsIron-rich grey matter regions exhibited higher mean kurtosis, R2*, and magnetic susceptibility and white matter regions had lower mean kurtosis in the older adult group from the discovery cohort. In both cohorts, mean kurtosis was significantly correlated with R2* and magnetic susceptibility in iron-rich grey matter nuclei. No association was seen between signal-to-noise ratio... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41w6w2sc Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Langley, Jason Solis, Kitzia Masjedizadeh, Vala Shao, Murphy Bennett, Ilana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4679 Hu, Xiaoping P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6697q6hr Sacrificing Humans for Insects and AI https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6697q6hr Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Schwitzgebel, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-7074 Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t47n1kj This article explores the state of fearlessness and human justice through an examination of five celebrated couplets from Guru Tegh Bahadur’s bāṇī (‘inspired utterances’) by placing them in their immediate historical context, followed by an understanding of their wider significance from a global perspective. The main arguments of this essay revolve around the critical situation in Mughal India leading to the ninth Guru’s execution at Chandni Chowk in Delhi on 11 November 1675, by the orders of Emperor Aurangzeb. Rectifying skewed perspectives offered by modern historians in which the death of the ninth Guru is simply an accident of history and therefore of no consequence to wider humanity, this essay offers a critical review of historical readings of events that forced Guru Tegh Bahadur to intervene in the flow of history on behalf of downtrodden and minority voices. To bring the people out of their vulnerability he inspired them with a bold message of resistance against the tyrannical... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3t47n1kj Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Singh, Pashaura https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2j79g509 Abstract This paper offers a reading of Aristotle’s view of two-way powers and points out where related views about Aristotle and two-way powers can go wrong. It argues that Aristotelian two-way powers consist in, and are based in, systematic knowledge; that they are all, without exception, principles of change in another, or in oneself as other; and that the topic of voluntary action in Aristotle is a quite different topic. It follows from this that the Aristotelian view of two-way powers has nothing much to do with freedom. The paper also argues that Aristotle’s view of two-way powers is the best in the history of Western philosophy, because it’s the only view on which both contrary exercises of the power are explained as no accident, relative to the power. Subsequent views of two-way powers tend to violate the general principle that powers explain their actualizations as no accident, relative to the power. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2j79g509 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Frost, Kim https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0538f3f5 Sikh Kirtan &amp; its journeys: Instruments, theories, technologies https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0538f3f5 Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Singh, Pashaura https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01d2d9rm Life is full of uncertainty about the future. Some uncertainty is stressful and anxiety-provoking, some is comforting and protective, and some can even be pleasurable. This chapter addresses the various ways people manage uncertainty about the future. We first consider situations in which uncertainty is aversive, namely during stressful waiting periods. People regularly wait for feedback about their academic, professional, personal, and financial prospects, and most people find these waiting periods to be unpleasantly fraught with worry. Two theoretical models, the Uncertainty Navigation Model and the newer Emotion-Motivation-Obstruction (EMO) model, guide our coverage of aversive uncertainty and provide a roadmap to the subjective experiences, health consequences, and coping efforts such situation entail. We then turn to situations in which uncertainty is desirable. People regularly avoid information to which they have ready access, even when acquiring the information may benefit... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01d2d9rm Thu, 7 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate Howell, Jennifer L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p33b3sp ObjectivesSuccess in life often requires patience. However, little is known about patience as a psychological process outside of research on temporal discounting, and even less is known about the experience of impatience. Across three studies, we tested the role of mindfulness in daily experiences of patience and impatience.MethodParticipants (total n = 600) recalled daily experiences of impatience each day for 5&nbsp;days. Studies 2 and 3 introduced mindfulness interventions compared to either a control (Study 2) or mind-wandering (Study 3) condition.ResultsAcross studies, multilevel models revealed robust associations between daily mindfulness, reduced impatience, and bolstered patience. In Study 3, participants in the mindfulness condition perceived frustrating delays as less objectionable, felt more motivated and able to respond with patience during these days, and ultimately responded more patiently.ConclusionsFindings suggest that mindfulness promotes patience during everyday... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p33b3sp Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hawes, Jason Sweeny, Kate https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kn5c2xd While the role of legislators in parliamentary systems may sometimes seem to involve little more than to support the government of the day, legislators in many parliaments regularly take advantage of their, often limited, opportunities to introduce members’ bills and parliamentary motions. The success of these efforts is typically limited, which raises the question of why legislators bother. We argue that the legislators’ behavior is in part driven by the incentives their parties present them with. Government and opposition MPs behave in a different manner because government and opposition parties value legislative activity and types of legislative activity differently. Government MPs are expected to stay out of the way of the government’s agenda or focus their attention on less salient issues. In contrast, opposition MPs are expected to do the opposite and to present their parties as viable government alternatives. Examining members’ bills and parliamentary motions in Iceland... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kn5c2xd Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Oh, Eunseong Indridason, Indridi H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11m4g7kx Individuals experiencing economic stress demonstrate lower cognitive control and higher intergroup bias. The present research extends beyond individuals to investigate relationships among regional economic conditions, regional cognitive control, and intergroup bias. We aggregated 2.9 million US-based participants’ geolocated responses on the Black/White Implicit Association Test, then applied the Process Dissociation Procedure to estimate state-level cognitive control and racial evaluations across the years 2005 to 2019. Black populations’ cognitive control was weaker in states where Black residents faced more adverse economic conditions, but stronger in states where White residents faced more adverse economic conditions. White populations’ cognitive control was weaker in states where more Black residents faced unemployment. Black populations’ outgroup biases were more negative in states where more White residents lived in poverty, and White populations’ ingroup biases were more... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11m4g7kx Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chaplin, Kayla Wilson, Liz Laukenmann, Ruben Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kr6w1zw Does Informing Partisans About Partisan Bias Reduce Partisan Bias? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kr6w1zw Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ferrari, Diogo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wt3d45s Muslim youths in the U.S. are facing mental health issues due to discrimination, bullying, and islamophobia, which may impact academic learning outcomes. However, there is considerable diversity in Muslim youth: the vast majority immigrating from or have parents from various geographic regions: Southeast Asia, Middle East, North Africa, Europe, etc. A few studies have reported group differences with discrimination regarding the Muslim population. Given the different cultural contexts and intersections of identities, more research is needed to better understand how the diversity of Muslim youth in the U.S. may require different tailored interventions and prevention programs that foster positive learning outcomes. This review paper starts by reviewing research reporting factors impacting the well-being of Muslim youth. Then, it highlights differences in experiences that may affect learning outcomes, such as geographic region, ethnicity, immigration status, minority status, and income... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wt3d45s Mon, 13 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shahzad, Mehak Rodriguez, Tania Wu, Rachel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c71876g From Moctezumas zoo to animals kept in captivity at Teotihuacan, there is increasing evidence that Mesoamericans managed wild animals for a myriad of purposes. The present study situates ritualized animal management of highly symbolic fauna in the broader context of Classic Mesoamerica by examining another core site, the Maya center of Copan, Honduras (A.D. 426-822). In this study, we identify two animal populations among the faunal remains from public and private rituals spanning the Copan dynasty. One population, with diets heavily composed of atypically sourced C4 inputs indicative of artificial feeding, corresponds with the felids interred in Altar Q and Motmot caches. The second population is composed of felids and felid products bearing a predominance of C3 signatures indicative of a more natural dietary regime. As with Copan deer, species-specific δ18O variations within these felid populations further substantiates the postulation that an expansive faunal trade network... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c71876g Fri, 3 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sugiyama, Nawa Fash, William France, Christine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jg0d5xq Flow is the experience of being deeply immersed in an activity, an experience that researchers have embraced as a predictor of well-being. Although research on the beneficial effects of flow is widespread, its multidisciplinary nature has precluded a clear consensus on their nature and strength. Results from a meta-analysis revealed a moderately strong, positive relationship between flow and well-being, consistent with our hypothesis. Features of the well-being measure moderated the association, such that eudaimonic measures showed a stronger association than did hedonic measures, and among hedonic measures, measures of cognitive well-being were more strongly associated with flow than affective measures. Measures of positive aspects of well-being were also more strongly associated with flow than measures of negative aspects. The association was surprisingly robust to features of the flow measure and activity, the design of the study, and characteristics of the sample. These findings... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jg0d5xq Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate Huerta, Janine Medina Hawes, Jason Susoeff, Sophia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h10d7q8 This paper investigates the dynamics of electroacoustic music collaboration within complex techno- logical, social, and philosophical frameworks. Emphasizing the interplay between human creativity and technical apparatuses, it draws on theoretical concepts such as Vilém Flusser’s telematic dialogue, Jacques Attali’s notion of composition as resistance, Martin Heidegger’s ontology of art and technology, and Niklas Luhmann’s systemstheory. Through historical examples—including the WDR Electronic Music Studio—and recent works by composer Paulo C. Chagas and flutist Cássia Carrascoza, particularly Sound Imaginations: Telematic Immersion , the paper examines how electroacoustic practices generate new forms of authorship, co-presence, and symbolic ritual. These practices challenge conventional boundaries between composer, performer, audience, and machine, proposing a participatory model of creative exchange instead. Ultimately, the study argues that electroacoustic collaboration... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h10d7q8 Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chagas, Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-5508 Lozo, Ivana Petković https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jc775rx Frailty is characterized by a persistent and progressive decline in physiological reserves, leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and a heightened risk of adverse health outcomes, both physically and mentally. Despite frailty's prevalence in older adults, there is limited research on its neural substrates, especially using task-based brain functional connectivity. In this study, we used connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM) to find a linear relationship between task-based connectomes - taken from tasks that involved similar handgrip manipulations - and a separate measure of frailty: the maximum grip strength in older adults. We observed that the task-based connectomes were able to explain individual differences in grip strength, with the Subcortical and Cerebellum network, particularly the caudate nucleus, functional connectivity being the strongest predictor. These findings demonstrate that task-based functional connectomes can serve as personalized markers that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5jc775rx Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghaffari, Amin abouzaki, Majd Romero, Yasmine Sun, Andrew Seitz, Aaron Langley, Jason Bennett, Ilana J Hu, Xiaoping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7040 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9402b8sr “Latin Holidays: Mexican Americans, Latin Music, and Cultural Identity in Postwar Los Angeles” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9402b8sr Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92w2g074 “Expressive Culture” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92w2g074 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sd5703h Review https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sd5703h Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86j4d1sg Black arts west: culture and struggle in postwar Los Angeles https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86j4d1sg Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kt4c7j1 “To be a Mexican Woman in a Town Like This” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kt4c7j1 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71025485 In Los Angeles during the early 1940s, the popular music and dance performances of a cross-cultural swing scene provoked reactionary regulation by white urban elites and law enforcement authorities. Reacting to multiracial musicians, dancers, and entrepreneurs, local politicians and municipal arts administrators created a Bureau of Music in order to encourage patriotic citizenship, prevent juvenile delinquency, and bring proper music to the people. This article argues that successive generations of Angelenos defied the city's rule of racial separation and white domination, creating a multicultural urban civility as they intermingled in dance halls, ballrooms, and auditoriums. Despite personal prejudice and internalized racism within and between different groups, dance music facilitated intercultural affinities that went beyond mere politeness or courtesy to include respect and tolerance. In diverse but distinct music scenes, Angelenos sustained egalitarian social relations in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71025485 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony F https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nf9h8wp The Woman in the Zoot Suit: Gender, Nationalism, and the Cultural Politics of Memory (review) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nf9h8wp Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macías, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gv3j6q7 “La Bamba” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gv3j6q7 Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tc610xf “DETROIT WAS HEAVY”: MODERN JAZZ, BEBOP, AND AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPRESSIVE CULTURE https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tc610xf Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macías, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36w0j2tt “Viva Tirado” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36w0j2tt Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s42g84v Luis Alvarez, "The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance During World War II" (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0s42g84v Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Macias, Anthony https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d8064r8 ABSTRACT Pursuing a goal often requires sustained effort and commitment, sometimes for longer than one hoped or expected. When people face delays in achieving their goals, they may become impatient—and when they believe they are the cause of those delays, they may feel impatient with themselves. In this paper, we present a novel theoretical approach to understanding such moments of self‐impatience, adapted from the process model of patience . This approach positions self‐impatience as an emotional response to self‐caused delays that are unreasonable or inappropriate. To be patient with oneself, then, means to successfully regulate the feeling or consequences of self‐impatience. We outline our theoretical model of self‐patience, the process model of self‐patience , highlighting where it overlaps with and deviates from the original model. We then close with suggestions for future research that derive from our theoretical proposals. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d8064r8 Sun, 1 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Susoeff, Sophia Sweeny, Kate https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nw0h91f Abstract Indigenous language endangerment is a global crisis, and in response, a normative “endangered languages” narrative about the crisis has developed. Though seemingly beneficent and accurate in many of its points, this narrative can also cause harm to language communities by furthering colonial logics that repurpose Indigenous languages as objects for wider society's consumption, while deemphasizing or even outright omitting the extreme injustices that beget language endangerment. The objective of this essay is to promote social justice praxis first by detailing how language shift results from major injustices, and then by offering possible interventions that are accountable to the communities whose languages are endangered. Drawing from my experiences as a member of a Native American community whose language was wrongly labeled “extinct” within this narrative, I begin with an overview of how language endangerment is described to general audiences in the United States and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nw0h91f Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Leonard, Wesley Y https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-4414 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w0f0k1 <h4>Background and objectives</h4>Research has shown a correlation between engagement in activities and late-life cognition, but cross-sectional associations are likely to be inflated by reverse causality. This study investigated the prospective effects of activity engagement-frequency of and diversity across activity types-on aging-related cognitive decline.<h4>Research design and methods</h4>Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we evaluated whether baseline measures of 4 activity types (cognitive, physical, contact with family/friends, and social group participation) predicted subsequent cognitive decline adjusted for potential confounders. We compared the effects of activity type frequency with the effect of activity diversity.<h4>Results</h4>In HRS, activity diversity was associated with slower midlife (ages 55-65) cognitive decline, whereas more frequent cognitive activities yielded the largest reduction in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w0f0k1 Thu, 19 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Glei, Dana Lee, Chioun Brown, Casey Weinstein, Maxine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp3c36p Through a case study of Meituan Waimai, China's dominant food delivery platform, this article examines how algorithmic management is entangled with labor politics. It develops the concept of the technopolitics of labor expendability, which rests on two interrelated arguments. First, the logic of optimization underpinning algorithmic management is not realized solely through the manipulation of data inputs and computational models; rather, it fundamentally depends on the presumed expendability of migrant workers. In the Chinese context, couriers are first imagined as disposable, an assumption that enables the exclusion of their needs, preferences, and well-being from the computational frame. Second, this vision is further normalized and legitimized through its alignment with specific political and ideological formations, particularly China's fetishization of technological superiority and the long-standing marginalization of rural migrant workers. By situating algorithmic management... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp3c36p Thu, 19 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Angela Ke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-769X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36n166qd Humans actively seek information to reduce uncertainty, providing insight on how our decisions causally affect the world. While we know that episodic memories can help support future goal-oriented behaviors, little is known about how hypothesis testing during exploration influences episodic memory. To investigate this question, we designed a hypothesis testing paradigm, in which participants figured out rules to unlock treasure chests. Using this paradigm, we characterized how hypothesis testing during exploration influenced memory for the contents of the treasure chests. We found that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between decision uncertainty and memory, such that memory was best when decision uncertainty was moderate. An exploratory analysis also showed that surprising outcomes lead to lower memory confidence independent of accuracy. These findings support a model in which moderate decision uncertainty during hypothesis testing enhances incidental information encoding. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36n166qd Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shen, Xinxu Ballard, Ian C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-3141 Smith, David V Murty, Vishnu P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00w6986q Do goals, beliefs, and desires affect visual experience? This question has long been controversial in cognitive science. There exists extensive literature documenting motivational effects on perceptual reports, but these findings could reflect biases in what people report seeing rather than what they see. Here, we propose that examining the underlying neurocomputational processes can provide new perspectives on this longstanding debate. We review evidence suggesting that motivation biases both perception and action, but does so via distinct neural systems: amygdala and locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) activity enhances sensory representations for desirable stimuli, while striatal dopamine biases action selection toward goal-congruent actions. The neurocomputational approach provides a framework to advance a mechanistic understanding of motivated seeing and how these biases are shaped by context. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00w6986q Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kim, Haena Ballard, Ian C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-3141 Leong, Yuan Chang https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1px0h8sp This study deals with South Korea’s foreign aid to African countries. Specifically, we discuss the impact of security concerns in determining official development assistance (ODA) policy focusing on the case of South Korea’s ODA policy in Africa. Based on a case study of South Korea’s ODA to African countries, we challenge the monistic approach in defining a donor’s aid motivation and highlight the diverse nature of a donor country’s motivation for giving aid. Theoretically, this study revisits the close interlink and nature of security and development and emphasizes the importance of bringing “security” back into the discussion of ODA. Based on a historical method, we analyze South Korea’s ODA policy from a security perspective and provide an in-depth discussion of South Korea’s aid for security in Africa. Specifically, we argue that a security goal, specifically, to support the US global strategy and check the expansion of North Korea’s influence in Africa has been one of the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1px0h8sp Sat, 14 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kalu, Kelechi A Kim, Jiyoung https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wx8m5zv Between 1819 and the 1970s, the U.S. government forced Native American children to attend boarding schools with the explicit purpose of assimilating them into White American culture. In this article, we examined whether the cultural legacy of historical Native American boarding schools persists locally in the aggregated racial biases of modern-day residents. Using the data of 290,593 Project Implicit visitors, we found that counties where Native American boarding schools were located in the past show lower levels of modern-day racial prejudice against Native Americans and view Native Americans as more U.S. American/less foreign compared to counties without historical boarding schools. Our findings provide a nuanced perspective on the ways in which historical injustices can manifest in physical, social, and cultural environments. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wx8m5zv Tue, 3 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Primbs, Maximilian A Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72x2w84s Abstract Patience has been a consistent source of interest and inspiration for generations of thinkers and writers. In this article, I delineate the tenets of a comprehensive framework for understanding patience, the process model of patience (Sweeny, Personality and Social Psychology Review , 2025, 29, 145), that positions impatience as a common and unpleasant emotion and patience as a targeted form of emotion regulation. I then outline potential applications of the model for consumer decisions, service experiences, and marketing contexts and close with practical recommendations to optimize consumer behavior in contexts where impatience is likely to arise. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72x2w84s Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2459x4rw This investigation tests whether people higher in trait patience navigate stressful waiting periods with greater emotional well-being and less maladaptive coping. In one exploratory study (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;799) and three conceptual replications (Ns&nbsp;=&nbsp;217, 410, 411), undergraduates completed a baseline survey assessing trait patience before entering a laboratory paradigm where they experienced uncertainty while awaiting feedback on their intelligence (Study 1), social skills (Study 2), health risk (Study 3), and attractiveness (Study 4). Participants completed measures of worry, positive and negative emotion, distraction, and suppression during the wait. Mini meta-analysis findings show that patient people worry less and feel less negative and more positive emotion when waiting for personally-relevant news, while avoiding the relatively maladaptive coping strategies of distraction and suppression, with the strongest associations emerging for positive emotion. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2459x4rw Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sweeny, Kate Schnitker, Sarah A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nr9q1w8 ABSTRACT This study investigates fatal opioid overdoses in Riverside County, California, between January 2020 and March 2023, employing advanced spatial‐temporal analysis methods to uncover significant clusters and their underlying contexts. By integrating global and local Knox tests, the research identifies both broad trends and specific hotspots of fatal overdoses. The findings reveal substantial spatial disparities, with higher overdose rates in rural areas and neighborhoods characterized by lower socioeconomic status and larger Hispanic populations. Despite a lower overall overdose risk among Hispanics, their neighborhoods exhibit a higher occurrence of fatal overdoses, highlighting complex interactions between individual and environmental factors. These insights underscore the need for targeted, contextually informed public health interventions and policies to effectively address the opioid crisis. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nr9q1w8 Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rey, Sergio J Knaap, Elijah Cabral, Alejandra Syvertsen, Jennifer https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tr859s3 Living with others' pasts: Monumentality and everyday heritage in Rhodes https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tr859s3 Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Taylor, Evan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-4816 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wp8t1n8 Rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities has drawn fresh attention to the prospect of consciousness in AI. There is an urgent need for rigorous methods to assess AI systems for consciousness, but significant uncertainty about relevant issues in consciousness science. We present a method for assessing AI systems for consciousness that involves exploring what follows from existing or future neuroscientific theories of consciousness. Indicators derived from such theories can be used to inform credences about whether particular AI systems are conscious. This method allows us to make meaningful progress because some influential theories of consciousness, notably including computational functionalist theories, have implications for AI that can be investigated empirically. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wp8t1n8 Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Butlin, Patrick Long, Robert Bayne, Tim Bengio, Yoshua Birch, Jonathan Chalmers, David Constant, Axel Deane, George Elmoznino, Eric Fleming, Stephen M Ji, Xu Kanai, Ryota Klein, Colin Lindsay, Grace Michel, Matthias Mudrik, Liad Peters, Megan AK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-0816 Schwitzgebel, Eric Simon, Jonathan VanRullen, Rufin