http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucr_postprints/rss Recent eScholarship items from UC Riverside Previously Published Works Wed, 14 Oct 2026 04:43:23 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09b921rg This Letter presents a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair ( ) production performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations using proton-proton collision datasets recorded at during the Large Hadron Collider Run 2, corresponding to integrated luminosities ranging between 126 and . The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the total signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured cross section to the standard model (SM) prediction, corresponds to 2.5, with an expected value of 1.7 (2.8) assuming the absence (presence) of the SM signal. The strength of the signal is measured to be relative to the SM prediction. The observed significance is found to be 1.1 standard deviations whereas 1.3 are expected for the SM signal. Constraints are set on the Higgs boson trilinear self-coupling and on the couplings of two Higgs bosons to two vector bosons, both normalized to the SM predictions and denoted as and , respectively. The observed individual constraints at the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09b921rg Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Almazan, ER Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r03j4gp Decarcerating the University: A Roundtable Discussion https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8r03j4gp Sat, 10 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Colligan, Courtney Erin Ellis, Aaron Moore Fesette, Nicholas Galella, Donatella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1349-1438 Geigner, Megan E Livingston, Lindsay Nereson, Ariel Ridley, Leticia L Saribal, Misty https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rz158gz Abstract: In Soft Power (2019), David Henry Hwang and Jeanine Tesori deconstruct and demonstrate the affective power of American musicals by reversing The King and I (1951). Soft Power satirizes democracy, white supremacy, and gun violence with whiteface, meta-propaganda, and a sweeping Broadway-style score. In the torch song “Democracy” and its reprise, the artists articulate Asian American ambivalence about US democracy: hope in its promise to lift everyone, despair in its rootedness in racism, and cognizance of musical theatre as a delivery system for ideology. This article uses repetition, interviews, reviews, and dramaturgy to consider Soft Power , soft power, and democracy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rz158gz Sat, 10 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Galella, Donatella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1349-1438 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68f6q405 From Community College to University: Institutionalization and Neoliberalism in British Columbia and Alberta https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68f6q405 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Levin, John S Aliyeva, Aida Walker, Laurencia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4959v58g Organizational paradigm shift and the university colleges of British Columbia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4959v58g Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Levin, John S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vg7414k Searching for signs of life is a primary goal of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). However, merely detecting oxygen, methane, or other widely discussed biosignatures is insufficient evidence for a biosphere. In parallel with biosignature detection, exoplanet life detection additionally requires characterization of the broader physicochemical context to evaluate planetary habitability and the plausibility that life could produce a particular biosignature in a given environment. Life detection further requires that we can confidently rule out photochemical or geological phenomena that can mimic life (i.e., "false positives"). Evaluating false-positive scenarios may require different observatory specifications than biosignature detection surveys. Here, we explore the coronagraph requirements for assessing habitability and for cautiously excluding known false-positive (and false-negative) scenarios for oxygen and methane, the two most widely discussed biosignatures for Earth-like... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vg7414k Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Krissansen-Totton, Joshua Ulses, Anna Grace Frissell, Maxwell K Gilbert-Janizek, Samantha Young, Amber Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob Robinson, Tyler D Olson, Stephanie Alei, Eleonora Arney, Giada Hagee, Celeste Harman, Chester Hinkel, Natalie Laflèche, Émilie Latouf, Natasha Mandell, Avi Moussa, Mark M Parenteau, Mary N Ranjan, Sukrit Russell, Blair Schwieterman, Edward W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-2163 Sousa-Silva, Clara Tokadjian, Armen Wogan, Nicholas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p66z14j This study presents a well-to-wheel life-cycle assessment (WTW-LCA) comparing battery-electric heavy-duty trucks (BEVs) with conventional diesel trucks, utilizing real-world fleet data from Southern California’s Volvo LIGHTS project. Class 7 and Class 8 vehicles were analyzed under ISO 14040/14044 standards, combining measured diesel emissions from portable emissions measurement systems (PEMSs) with BEV energy use derived from telematics and charging records. Upstream (“well-to-tank”) emissions were estimated using USLCI datasets and the 2020 Southern California Edison (SCE) power mix, with an additional scenario for BEVs powered by on-site solar energy. The analysis combines measured real-world energy consumption data from deployed battery electric trucks with on-road emission measurements from conventional diesel trucks collected by the UCR team. Environmental impacts were characterized using TRACI 2.1 across climate, air quality, toxicity, and fossil fuel depletion impact categories.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p66z14j Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Penchev, Miroslav Johnson, Kent C Raju, Arun SK Akinci, Tahir Cetin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-6617 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fm0j54h Hearing aid technology adaptation and user satisfaction are influenced by multiple interacting demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors, making reliable prediction of outcomes challenging with conventional statistical approaches alone. This study proposes an explainable machine learning framework to investigate the multidimensional determinants of hearing aid satisfaction by integrating demographic characteristics, hearing aid-related variables, and patient-reported outcomes obtained from the Hearing Aid Technology Adaptation and Satisfaction Scale (HATASS). Five regression algorithms-Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression (DTR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Regression, and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR)-were comparatively evaluated using a five-fold cross-validation strategy. Predictive performance was assessed using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R2), while model interpretability... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fm0j54h Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Arslanbas, Seyma Akinci, Tahir Cetin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-6617 Çetinkaya, Ümit Can Terlemez, Sengul https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9808m94v Accurate single-trial estimation of P300 latency remains challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratio, substantial trial-to-trial variability, and the limitations of conventional peak-based ERP analysis. This study presents a deployment-consistent deep learning framework for real-time single-trial P300 latency estimation, combining Center of Mass (COM)-based latency labeling, image-based signal representation, and sequential streaming inference. Rather than focusing solely on offline prediction accuracy, the proposed framework is designed to support real-time-compatible latency estimation under practical deployment conditions. A total of 11,057 single-trial Pz waveforms obtained from 122 subjects were transformed into standardized image representations and paired with COM-derived latency labels. The dataset was partitioned into training (N = 7,740), validation (N = 1,106), and independent test (N = 2,211) subsets. Three baseline approaches were implemented for comparison: conventional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9808m94v Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nogay, Hidir Selcuk Akinci, Tahir Cetin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-6617 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vz422kp The habitable zone (HZ) is a fundamental concept used to guide our search for temperate exoplanets with stable surface liquid water that would sustain remotely detectable biosignatures. So far, most advanced 3D climate studies and prospective spectral simulations of HZ planets have focused on inner HZ planets that receive stellar radiation similar to Earth’s and would consequently maintain relatively low (e.g., hundreds of parts per million) atmospheric CO2. Here, we present a systematic investigation of outer HZ (OHZ) planets, which require high CO2 for habitability, using the 3D Generic Planetary Climate Model (PCM). Our 3D climate results are compared with previous 1D predictions that show strong agreement between models. Simulated spectra of the modeled planets indicate that high overlying CO2 levels affect remote signatures of habitability. We also determine substantial spectral differences that would distinguish habitable versus nonhabitable high-CO2 worlds with future direct-imaging... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vz422kp Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pidhorodetska, Daria Schwieterman, Edward W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-2163 Fauchez, Thomas J Turbet, Martin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t28r6s3 Proteins are inherently dynamic, and their conformational ensembles play a crucial role in biological function. Large-scale motions may govern the protein structure-function relationship, and numerous transient but stable conformations of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) can play a crucial role in biological function. Investigating conformational ensembles to understand regulations and disease-related aggregations of IDPs is challenging, both experimentally and computationally. In this paper, we first introduce a deep learning-based model, termed Internal Coordinate Net (ICoN), which learns the physical principles of conformational changes from molecular dynamics simulation data. Second, we selected data points through interpolation in the learned latent space to rapidly identify novel synthetic conformations with sophisticated and large-scale side chains and backbone arrangements. Third, with the highly dynamic amyloid-β_1-42 (Aβ42) monomer, our deep learning... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t28r6s3 Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ruzmetov, Talant Hung, Ta I Jonnalagedda, Saisri Padmaja Chen, Si-han Fasihianifard, Parisa Guo, Zhefeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-7255 Bhanu, Bir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-6416 Chang, Chia-en A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-8529 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kp0444c Drug promiscuity is a double-edged sword where a small molecule acts on multiple biological targets to induce toxicological or therapeutic benefits. It is possible to exploit promiscuity to expand treatment options without the prohibitive costs of designing a new drug. Imatinib is a representative case, exhibiting varied affinities and inhibitions to different kinases. It binds most favorably to Abl and Kit kinases, intermediately to Chk1 and Lck kinases, and least favorably to p38α and Src kinases. The strongly conserved features of the ATP-binding site render imatinib's molecular binding determinants unclear despite over 25 years of interrogation. To address this question, molecular thermodynamics, force distribution analysis, residue sidechain dihedral correlations, and principal component analysis were computed using trajectories from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. The results of these simulations agree with experimental affinity and binding data,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kp0444c Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Troxel, William Vig, Emily Chang, Chia-en https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-8529 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86q7p1pf Preventing beneficial insects like honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) from contacting pesticides on crops using odorants could counter current pollinator declines. However, the discovery of behaviorally aversive odorants is impeded by the complexity of the honey bee olfactory system where &gt;170 olfactory receptors detect volatiles and generate valence. To solve this systems-level challenge, we generated a machine-learning model to predict aversive valence from chemical structure using published olfactory behavior data in honey bees. We refine the predictive model by generating species-level behavioral data for honey bees and Drosophila on an initial set of novel predicted repellents. The improved second computational model was then used to screen a chemical space of &gt;50 million compounds and identify &gt;130 repellent candidates. Behavioral validation using honey bees in the laboratory shows a high predictive success. Additional testing of the top seven candidates using freely... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/86q7p1pf Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kowalewski, Joel Baer-Imhoof, Barbara F Guda, Tom Luy, Matthew DePalma, Payton Baer, Boris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-5967 Ray, Anandasankar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-2581 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84w6s8wj <b>Objectives.</b> To describe how community engagement combined with respondent-driven sampling (RDS) enabled timely documentation of the mental health and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on California's Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adult population. <b>Methods.</b> The California Pacific Islander Well-Being and COVID-19 Economic Survey (CAPIWAVES) was a collaboration between NHPI community-based organizations and academic researchers who sampled 929 NHPI adults in California from January to May 2024. The initial respondents were composed of a convenience sample of 58 CHamoru, Fijian, Marshallese, Native Hawaiian, Sāmoan, and Tongan respondents in Northern, Central, and Southern California, who referred up to 4 others. <b>Results.</b> Compared with the American Community Survey, CAPIWAVES RDS estimates differed. We reported initial data findings to NHPI community members in June 2024 in an online webinar. In April 2025, we released a report with the analyzed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84w6s8wj Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Morey, Brittany N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-1227 Subica, Andrew M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-7668 Tanjasiri, Sora Park Penaia, Corina S Chang, Richard C Tulua, 'Alisi Fok, Cynthia L Paul, Shreya Fifita, Melenaite Marquez, Christen H Park, Royce Ponce, Ninez A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-6718 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nt9t1vj A wide range of microorganisms produce storage biopolymer polyhydroxyalkanoates (sPHAs) as carbon and energy reserves. However, only bacteria and fungi are known to degrade microbial sPHAs, using enzymes called polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerases (PHADs). Here we show that some animals also have PHADs that can degrade sPHAs. We discovered a PHAD in the gutless oligochaete Olavius algarvensis, a marine worm that gains nutrition by digesting bacterial symbionts, including a dominant symbiont in which sPHAs account for up to 42% of cellular carbon stores. Enzyme assays, combined with mass spectrometry, confirmed that heterologously expressed O. algarvensis PHAD degraded sPHAs into hydroxyalkanoate monomers that can enter conserved metabolic pathways. Imaging of mRNA showed that PHAD was expressed in the oligochaete epidermis, the site of symbiont digestion. We further identified PHADs in more than 66 gut-bearing animal species from nine phyla and 19 protist species from three major... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nt9t1vj Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zeidler, Caroline Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R Michellod, Dolma D’Angelo, Grace Becker, Stefan Berndt, Henry Wippler, Juliane Violette, Marlene Kleiner, Manuel Porta-Fidalgo, Alba Janke, Rebekka S Weinert, Kristina Liebeke, Manuel Dubilier, Nicole Sogin, Maggie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cm209jq Pose estimation and localization within the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the small bowel, are crucial for invasive medical procedures. However, the task is challenging due to the complex anatomy, homogeneous textures, and limited distinguishable features. This study proposes a hybrid deep learning (DL) method combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based pose estimation and optical flow to address these challenges in a simulated small bowel environment. Initial pose estimation was used to assess the performance of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in such complex settings, using a custom endoscope prototype with a laser, micromotor, and miniaturized camera. The results showed limited feature detection and unreliable matches due to repetitive textures. To improve this issue, a hybrid CNN-based approach enhanced with Farneback optical flow was applied. Using consecutive images, three models were compared: Hybrid ResNet-50 with Farneback optical flow, ResNet-50,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cm209jq Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yakar, İrem Kuçak, Ramazan Alper Bilgi, Serdar Ferhanoglu, Onur Akinci, Tahir Cetin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-6617 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tw946cr Botryosphaeriaceae cause the degenerative disease Botryosphaeria dieback in many woody hosts, including grapevine. These pathogens penetrate host plants through pruning wounds, and colonize vascular tissues causing necrotic lesions, cankers, and eventually plant death. Colonization processes by Botryosphaeriaceae and their interactions with their hosts has been understudied. The colonization mechanisms were examined for Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, a common pathogen causing Botryosphaeria dieback in Mexican vineyards. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis MXBCL28 was inoculated onto grapevine ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ plants, and after 2 months, infected tissues were observed with microscopy using histological techniques. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis was also cultured on different carbon sources representing cell walls and non-structural plant components, to complement histology data. The host responded to wounding by developing xylem vessel occlusions with tyloses and deposition of suberin in cambium... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tw946cr Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 RANGEL-MONTOYA, Edelweiss A ROLSHAUSEN, Philippe E HERNANDEZ-MARTINEZ, Rufina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ts3c919 Abstract Molecular conformations play a critical role in determining molecular properties, such as membrane permeability, binding affinity, and ultimately therapeutic efficacy. Experimental and computational approaches can characterize conformations and provide insight into why certain conformations are thermodynamically preferred over others. However, examining static conformations alone may not fully explain why subtle differences, such as a single LEU-to-ILE mutation in a bicyclic peptide, can produce markedly distinct conformational ensembles. Furthermore, analyzing transition pathways between conformations reveals the mechanisms that shape these ensembles. Here, we introduce a deep learning model, termed ICoN-v1, trained on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data to learn the underlying physics that governs cyclic peptide conformational dynamics. We examined cyclic hexapeptides with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-determined structures, and MYC-targeting bicyclic peptides... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ts3c919 Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hung, Ta I Venkatesan, Raghu Chang, Chia-en A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-8529 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v6746p Characterizing the high-energy radiation environments of stars plays a critical role in determining which systems’ planets are capable of retaining atmospheres and sustaining habitable conditions. X-ray through UV radiation drives atmospheric photochemistry, heating, and escape, making accurate characterization of stellar high-energy emission essential for both interpreting future exoplanet observations and identifying the most promising targets for life detection. We construct panchromatic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) spanning the X-ray through radio for 12 nearby low-mass and Sun-like stars with directly imageable habitable zones that are prioritized targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) and Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). These SEDs are generated using forward stellar atmosphere models guided and constrained by available archival X-ray and UV observations. We find that many stars in this sample exhibit elevated high-energy radiation environments relative... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63v6746p Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Peacock, Sarah Binder, Breanna A Schwieterman, Edward W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-2163 Turnbull, Margaret C Kane, Stephen R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-0529 Garcia-Sage, Katherine Farrish, Alison https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q46v2ms Condition monitoring in engineering systems requires analytical frameworks that connect physically meaningful signal representations with statistically consistent decision mechanisms. Although spectral analysis, time–frequency methods, and machine learning have each advanced significantly, they are often treated as separate methodological domains. This work presents a unified structural framework that integrates classical spectral techniques, time–frequency representations, and supervised learning within a coherent monitoring architecture. Rather than providing a systematic survey, the study adopts a conceptual perspective to explicitly describe the analytical linkage between signal transformation, feature construction, and statistical inference. The discussion begins with Fourier-based descriptors and power spectral density formulations, and extends to short-time Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transform frameworks, highlighting their resolution characteristics for non-stationary... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q46v2ms Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bilgi, Serdar Akinci, Tahir Cetin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-6617 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jt800k8 P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) systems have been widely investigated for assistive communication and neurotechnology applications. However, most existing studies primarily emphasize classification performance within individual stimulation paradigms, providing limited understanding of whether electrophysiological response characteristics remain consistent across heterogeneous experimental conditions. This study investigates the cross-paradigm organization of P300 responses using the publicly available bigP3BCI dataset through an integrated analysis of temporal ERP morphology, spectral characteristics, time–frequency dynamics, statistical variability, session-level reproducibility, and low-dimensional feature representations. Rather than proposing a new decoding algorithm, the study examines whether common electrophysiological response characteristics remain observable across the Row–Column (RC), Checkerboard (CB), and Random (RD) paradigms despite differences in stimulus... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jt800k8 Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Akinci, Tahir Cetin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-6617 Ullah, Muhammad Sana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f50q614 Microbial species that comprise host-associated microbiomes play an essential role in maintaining and mediating the health of plants and animals. While defining the role of individual or even complex communities is important toward quantifying the effect of the microbiome on host health, it is often challenging to develop causal studies that link microbial populations to changes in host fitness. Here, we investigated the impacts of reduced microbial load following antibiotic exposure on the fitness of the anemone, <i>Exaiptasia diaphana</i> and subsequent recovery of the host's microbiome. Anemones were exposed to two different types of antibiotic solutions for 3 weeks and subsequently held in sterilized seawater for a 3-week recovery period. Our results revealed that both antibiotic treatments reduced the overall microbial load during and up to 1 week post-treatment. The observed reduction in microbial load was coupled with reduced anemone biomass, halted asexual reproduction... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f50q614 Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 MacVittie, Sophie Doroodian, Saam Alberto, Aaron Sogin, Maggie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28f9h177 Abstract Agricultural management practices act as ecological disturbances that can restructure soil and plant-associated microbial communities, but the functional consequences of these microbial shifts on crop performance remain poorly understood. Here, we examined how common orchard inputs, including wood mulch, glyphosate, and humic acid, affect citrus root and rhizosphere microbiomes, leaf nutrient trajectories, and tree performance over a three-year field experiment. Mulch emerged as the dominant driver of fungal community composition and taxonomic turnover, enriching for saprophytic fungi. Conversely, bacterial communities responded primarily to interactions among applications, particularly mulch x glyphosate, which was associated with significant depletions of bacterial genera in roots and rhizospheres. These microbiome changes corresponded with reduced tree carbon assimilation, transpiration, and yield, and altered leaf nutrients dynamics. To verify whether the microbial... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28f9h177 Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ginnan, Nichole Jones, Riley Wu-Woods, Jessica Pervaiz, Tariq El-kereamy, Ashraf Ashworth, Vanessa ETM Hamid, M Imran Dawson, Emma K Strauss, Sarah L Stajich, Jason https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-0020 Rolshausen, Philippe Roper, M Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-6225 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05b1973h Molecular association is one of the most fundamental principles of chemistry and biology. Biomolecular complexes need to colocalize sequential catalytic and chemical processes such that the intermediates are precisely positioned to diffuse efficiently. The relative distance and orientation between the active sites within these complexes may affect the intermediate binding, which may also be different under different cell environments. In this work, we used Brownian dynamics simulations to model an intermediate substrate association in the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) for investigating potential advantages of using TrpCF bifunctional enzyme which fuses phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase (PRAI) and indoleglycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS). We focused on transporting a product of PRAI, 1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulose 5-phosphate (CdRP), which is also the substrate of in IGPS. We report the average association time and direct... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05b1973h Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fasihianifard, Parisa Wu, Kingsley Y Kaushik, Shivansh Chang, Chia-en A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-8529 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01b4j088 This article reviews the early history of our solar system from an astrobiological perspective and presents evidence from meteorites and astronomical observations. The purpose is to trace the formation of key molecules that participated in the building blocks of life. The Sun and its planetary system started from a section of a molecular cloud that collapsed into a protoplanetary disk. In the center of the protoplanetary disk, the protosun heated the surrounding material. The dust and gas inherited from the cloud remained pristine farther away from the protostar, while new compounds were created in the gas and on the icy mantles of the dust. The dust accreted into pebbles, pebbles formed planetesimals, and planetesimals collided and accreted pebbles to create planets. Meanwhile, the protosun became the Sun when its core reached the pressure and temperature required to transform hydrogen into helium. During this process, the Sun emitted high-energy radiation and particles that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01b4j088 Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Segura, Antígona Smith, Rachel L Telus, Myriam Schwieterman, Edward https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-2163 Osten, Rachel Ranjan, Sukrit https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3460b8g5 We build upon Haueis and Colaço's account in two ways. First, we argue that the backgrounding of metabolism was a pragmatic response to a data granularity problem faced by traditional cognitive modelers. Then, we suggest that equivalence demonstrations offer a promising pathway for incrementally introducing metabolic considerations into extant modeling practice. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3460b8g5 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Khoudary, Ari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-2600 Bornstein, Aaron M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-6000 Peters, Megan AK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-0816 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3106h14z BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Collateral circulation is a key determinant of treatment response and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), yet its assessment in clinical practice remains limited and subjective. While CTP offers insight into tissue viability, its restricted availability and susceptibility to artifacts reduce its practical utility, particularly in smaller centers. As an accessible alternative, we developed and validated an automated quantitative collateral index (qCI) derived from CTA using a deep learning U-Net segmentation framework and evaluated the ability of CTA-based features to predict poststroke recovery and functional outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from 230 patients with AIS who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) between 2019 and 2023. CTA scans were segmented using a validated neural network-based vascular extraction model to generate 3D vessel networks and compute morphology metrics (vessel... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3106h14z Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Deshpande, Aditi Wang, Jing Bochenek, Krzysztof M Oliverio, Patrick Altaweel, Laith Yi, Seajin Bahiru, Zelalem Moro, Desiree Heinzelmann, Grace K Tahsili-Fahadan, Pouya Laksari, Kaveh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-4796 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k4637mv How do people emotionally imagine political others and the competing sovereignty claims they represent, and how are these imaginaries tied to different visions of the collective “us”? Drawing on 93 interviews with Chinese college students in China and the United States between 2019 and 2021, this study examines how Chinese youth’s visions of China’s future organize their emotional responses to Hong Kong and Taiwan. We develop a typology along two dimensions: visions of China’s future (stronger versus freer) and the perceived significance of Hong Kong and Taiwan for that future. A stronger-China vision paired with high perceived significance produces nationalist defensiveness , which frames sovereignty in terms of national dignity, security, and the unfinished project of national strengthening. A freer-China vision paired with high perceived significance yields admiration and identification with democratic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k4637mv Thu, 1 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Weirong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-3893 Zhou, Wendy Weile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-2489 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53w524vq Bumble bees are essential pollinators that have an annual eusocial lifestyle where new cohorts of queens establish colonies each season. The early stages of colony establishment are critical for colony success and are heavily impacted by how readily queens activate their ovaries and initiate egg laying at the start of the season. Understanding the social and nesting factors that influence queen reproduction may provide key insights into early colony establishment. Here, we examine how social conditions and nest cavity size affect the onset of egg laying in early nesting Bombus impatiens queens. In the first experiment, queens were assigned to a social condition where they were placed into nesting boxes that either completely restricted contact with nestmates (and were smaller in size) or allowed direct physical contact and then housed either alone or with nestmates (males or workers). We found that contact with either workers or males accelerated egg laying in queens relative... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53w524vq Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Moore, Meghan E Costa, Claudinéia P Fujinaga, Daiki https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7454-9452 Mauck, Kerry E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-0619 Yamanaka, Naoki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2686 Bloch, Guy Woodard, S Hollis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4948-1282 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/27c5k8nw Abstract In this article, we single out representations of surface groups into that generalize the well‐studied family of pleated surfaces into . Our representations arise as sufficiently generic ‐Borel Anosov representations, which are representations that are Borel Anosov with respect to a maximal geodesic lamination . For fixed and , we provide a holomorphic parameterization of the space of ‐pleated surfaces with pleating locus that extends both work of Bonahon for pleated surfaces and Bonahon and Dreyer for Hitchin&nbsp;representations. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/27c5k8nw Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maloni, Sara Martone, Giuseppe Mazzoli, Filippo Zhang, Tengren https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65h7j3kw A minimally autopoietic artificial intelligence (AI) system could be designed according to current engineering principles. Although Seth suggests that standard computational systems are not autopoietic and therefore not conscious, <i>autopoiesis</i> is a high-level, functional concept, and nothing appears to prevent autopoietic processes in a standard computational system. Autopoietic requirements do not in principle rule out consciousness in standard AI systems. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65h7j3kw Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Schwitzgebel, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-7074 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v2630tx Identified charged hadron production in Au plus Au collisions at √<i>s_NN</i>=54.4GeV with the STAR detector https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5v2630tx Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aboona, BE Adam, J Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, I Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Aitbayev, A Alekseev, I Alpatov, E Alshammri, AK Aparin, A Aslam, S Atchison, J Averichev, GS Bairathi, V Bao, X Barik, P Barish, K Behera, S Bhagat, P Bhasin, A Bhatta, S Bordyuzhin, IG Brandenburg, JD Brandin, AV Broodo, C Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, M Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D Ceska, J Chakaberia, I Chang, YS Chang, Z Chatterjee, A Chen, D Chen, JH Chen, L Chen, Q Chen, W Chen, Z Cheng, J Cheng, Y Christie, W Chu, X Corey, S Crawford, HJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-4235 Dale-Gau, G Das, A Lemos, D De Souza Dedovich, TG Deppner, IM Derevschikov, AA Deshpande, A Dhamija, A Dimri, A Dixit, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Duckworth, E Dunlop, JC El-Feky, YS Engelage, J Eppley, G Esumi, S Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fan, B Fang, Y Fatemi, R Fazio, S Feng, H Feng, Y Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flor, FA Fu, B Fu, C Fu, T Gao, T Gao, Y Garcia, G Geurts, F Gibson, A Giri, A Gopal, K Gou, X Grosnick, D Gu, A Gu, J Gupta, A Hamed, A Hamilton, RJ Han, J Han, X Harasty, MD Harris, JW Harrison-Smith, H Havener, LB He, XH https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g6012ds DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently under construction, whose far detectors will be the largest liquid argon time projection chambers ever built. This detector design calls for custom-built cryogenic front-end electronics to meet its performance requirements. This paper describes the charge readout electronics that will be used in the DUNE horizontal drift (HD) far detector and presents performance results using data from the ProtoDUNE-HD detector, a 770 ton liquid argon time projection chamber operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2024 that served as the final prototype of the DUNE HD design. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g6012ds Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Abbaslu, S Alrahman, F Abd Abud, A Abed Acciarri, R Accorsi, LP Acero, MA Adames, MR Adamov, G Adamowski, M Adhikari, K Adriano, C Agudelo-Jaramillo, K Akbar, F Alemanno, F Alex, NS Soplin, L Aliaga Alqaisi, A Alrashed, M Alton, A Alvarez, R Alves, T Aman, A Amar, H Amarinei, R Amedo, P Amorim, EPM Anderson, J Andrade, DA Andreopoulos, C Andreotti, M Andrews, MP Andrianala, F Andringa, S Anjarazafy, F Ansarifard, S Antic, D Antonakis, A Aranda-Fernandez, A Araya-Santander, T Arellano, L Diaz, E Arrieta Arroyave, MA Pons, M Artero Asaadi, J Ascencio, M Ashkenazi, A Asquith, L Atkin, E Auguste, D Aurisano, A Aushev, V Autiero, D Gómez, D Ávila Azam, MB Azfar, F Back, JJ Bae, Y Bagaturia, I Bagby, L Bagdu, H Balasubramanian, S Balboni, A Baldi, P https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-7930 Baldini, W Baldo, E Baldonedo, J Baller, B Bambah, B Barao, F Barbu, D Barenboim, G Alzás, P Barham Barker, GJ Barkhouse, W Yucel, E Barlas Barr, G Barrett, W Barrow, D Barrow, JL Basharina-Freshville, A Bashyal, A Basque, V Bassani, M Basu, D Bathe-Peters, L Sigolo, JG Batista Battat, JBR Battisti, F Bautista, J Bay, F Alba, JLL Bazo Beacom, JF Bechetoille, E Beever, A Behera, B Belchior, E Bell, B Bell, G Bellantoni, L Bellettini, G https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rq1p9s3 Previous research often reveals relatively poor correspondence among three prominent indirect measures configured to assess racial stereotypes: the Weapon Identification Task (WIT), the First-Person Shooter Task (FPST), and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Importantly, these measures differ on a variety of procedural dimensions (e.g., task instructions, stimulus presentation, response time limits), which confounds explanations of low correspondence. In a fully within-participants design, N = 372 participants completed versions of the WIT, FPST, and IAT that were aligned on several procedural dimensions. Process modeling revealed high correlations among measures for model parameters reflecting controlled and automatic processes. However, model-based racial bias estimates correlated only moderately between the WIT and the FPST, and not at all with the IAT. Our findings suggest that all three measures share some correspondence when procedurally aligned, but each reflects a specific... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rq1p9s3 Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Laukenmann, Ruben Calanchini, Jimmy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hd6h9r7 Social issues, AI, and climate change are just a few of the disruptive focuses impacting science. The field of GIScience is well positioned to respond to accelerating disruptions due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field and the ability of GIScience approaches to be used in support of decision-making. This manuscript aims to start a conversation that will establish a research agenda for GIScience in an age of disruptions. We outline three guiding principles: (1) focusing on the relevance and real-world impact of research, (2) adopting systems-based thinking and contextual approaches and (3) emphasizing inclusive practices. We then outline prioritized research areas organized by what topics are important focal areas (Data and Infrastructure, Artificial Intelligence, and Causality and Generalizability), and what approaches to science we should be attentive to (Impactful Open Science, Collaborative and Convergent Science, and through Diverse Participation and Partnerships).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hd6h9r7 Sat, 12 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nelson, Trisalyn Frazier, Amy E https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-4935 Kedron, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-3416 Dodge, Somayeh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-3576 Zhao, Bo Goodchild, Michael Murray, Alan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-6110 Battersby, Sarah Bennett, Lauren Blanford, Justine I Cabrera-Arnau, Carmen Claramunt, Christophe Franklin, Rachel Holler, Joseph Koylu, Caglar Lee, Angela Manson, Steven McKenzie, Grant Miller, Harvey Oshan, Taylor Rey, Sergio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-9762 Rowe, Francisco Şalap-Ayça, Seda Shook, Eric Spielman, Seth Xu, Wenfei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-3709 Wilson, John https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p89v85s Dense, individual-level datasets are an important resource for social neuroscience that enable models of brain responses to a wide range of naturalistic features, often investigated with movie fMRI. This data release provides high spatiotemporal resolution 3 Tesla BOLD fMRI data in three healthy participants while viewing four feature-length movies with sound (Grand Budapest Hotel, Forrest Gump, Planet Earth, Jiro Dreams of Sushi; ca. 520 minutes) and a movie trailer composite, together with clip and movie repeats. All movie functional data were acquired with partial brain coverage from an approximately axial slab covering ventral prefrontal and temporal lobes, including the amygdala, with a repetition time of 556 ms and complex-valued image reconstruction. The dataset is released in both unprocessed and minimally preprocessed forms with individual, high quality anatomic templates. Preprocessed fMRI data are provided in both individual template and FreeSurfer average surface spaces.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p89v85s Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Tyszka, J Diamandis, Zachary Keles, Umit Xu, Yue Kim, Na Zhu, Wenying Wu, Qianying Kahn, David Adolphs, Ralph https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f8730h0 Human personality generally refers to coherent individuating patterns in affect, behavior, and cognition. We can only observe and measure behavior, from which we then infer personality and other psychological processes (affect, cognition, etc.). We emphasize that the study of personality always explains or summarizes patterns not only in behavior but also in these other psychological processes inferred from behavior. We thus argue that personality should be attributed only to nonhuman animals with behaviors from which we can infer a sufficiently rich set of psychological processes. The mere inference of a biological trait that explains behavioral variability, on our view, is not sufficient to count as a personality construct and should be given a different term. Methodologically, inferring personality in nonhuman animals entails challenges in characterizing ecologically valid behaviors, doing so across rich and varied environments, and collecting enough data. We suggest that studies... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3f8730h0 Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Adolphs, Ralph Xu, Yue https://escholarship.org/uc/item/971608jg Insulin family peptides are known to be key regulators of growth and metabolism in insects and vertebrates. Insects have two types of insulin family peptides: insulin-like peptides and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like peptides (IGFLPs). We recently demonstrated that an IGFLP in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori (BIGFLP) promotes the growth of the genital imaginal disc ex vivo. However, the role of BIGFLP in the regulation of insect growth remains unclear because no in vivo study has been performed. Therefore, we analysed the functions of BIGFLP in vivo by constructing BIGFLP knock-out (KO) B. mori using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system. The KO moths exhibited decreased body weights and size of the appendages compared wild-type (wt) moths. Interestingly, KO females also had drastically lower ovary weights and number of eggs than wt females. However, mutant ovaries that were transplanted into wt host... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/971608jg Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fujinaga, Daiki https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7454-9452 Shiomi, Kunihiro Yagi, Yoshimasa Kataoka, Hiroshi Mizoguchi, Akira https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78q085d9 Memory generalization allows individuals to extract and apply information from prior experiences to novel situations, supporting flexible learning and efficient decision-making. Theoretical models suggest that sleep should facilitate generalization, yet the literature examining its role in promoting generalization is mixed. We recruited 137 participants via Prolific to complete an image-location memory task over two sessions spaced 12 h apart. Participants were randomly assigned to the Wake group (learning in the morning) or the Sleep group (learning in the evening). In Session 1, participants learned the location of stimuli on the screen and were tested on their memory 5 min later. Twelve hours later, in Session 2, they were tested on their memory again. Stimuli consisted of 160 images from eight semantic categories and were strategically positioned on-screen to test the effects of generalization on retrieval (i.e., category-based memory distortions and biases). After the delay,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/78q085d9 Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lu, Tiange Ji, Zhuangning Tompary, Alexa Schechtman, Eitan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/476602gs Biological materials developed over millennia consist of simple biogenic materials, yet exhibit exceptional functional properties. Leveraging design features from these structures with engineered nanomaterial components can lead to bio-inspired structures that demonstrate superior performance over traditional engineering materials. We describe nanoscale based architectures in biological systems, their role in enhancement of structural, optical, thermal and sensing properties, and their subsequent translation to bio-inspired structures. In structurally robust biological materials, we highlight nanoscale design features that enhance strength and stiffness, while retaining toughness. In optically active biological materials, we show how periodic nanostructures manipulate electromagnetic waves resulting in structural coloration as well as antireflective and camouflaging properties. Thermally regulating biological materials utilize nanopores and other nanostructural features to statically... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/476602gs Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sung, Chao Hsuan Hao, Taige Fang, Herry Nguyen, Andrew Tran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-3119 Perricone, Valentina Yu, Haitao Huang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-7610 Sarmiento, Ezra Ornelas, Adrian Francisco Duran Lublin, Derek Wehling, Ric Farajollahi, Sanaz Arakaki, Atsushi Nepal, Dhriti Lord, Nathan Patrick Kisailus, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1j52v58n It is well established that ecdysteroids play pivotal roles in the regulation of insect molting and metamorphosis. However, the mechanisms by which ecdysteroids regulate the growth and development of adult organs after pupation are poorly understood. Recently, we have identified insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like peptides (IGFLPs), which are secreted after pupation under the control of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). In the silkmoth, Bombyx mori, massive amounts of Bombyx-IGFLP (BIGFLP) are present in the hemolymph during pupal-adult development, suggesting its importance in the regulation of adult tissue growth. Thus, we hypothesized that the growth and development of adult tissues including imaginal disks are regulated by the combined effects of BIGFLP and 20E. In this study, we investigated the growth-promoting effects of BIGFLP and 20E using the male genital disks of B.&nbsp;mori cultured ex&nbsp;vivo, and further analyzed the cell signaling pathways mediating hormone actions.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1j52v58n Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fujinaga, Daiki https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7454-9452 Kohmura, Yusuke Okamoto, Naoki Kataoka, Hiroshi Mizoguchi, Akira https://escholarship.org/uc/item/128347j5 BACKGROUND: Machine learning methods employing neuroimaging data are useful for monitoring the activation of neural representations. Specifically, they can be used to discern the brain networks engaged in processing specific categories of items. This approach has been employed on neuroimaging data, including functional magnetic resonance imaging data and electroencephalography (EEG) data. NEW METHOD: Here, we present a task and an analytical pipeline for investigating category representations using EEG. Participants (N = 30) viewed a series of images and words of objects belonging to five categories (Animals, Tools, Food, Scenes, and Vehicles) and responded when items from the same category were presented consecutively. RESULTS: We trained support vector machines on EEG data within participants and found that both image trials and word trials yielded significant category classification accuracy, with image trials achieving higher accuracy than word trials. When comparing categories... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/128347j5 Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Morakabati, Neda R Thiha, Alison S Schechtman, Eitan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1315b1q6 Loneliness and social isolation are associated with numerous adverse physical and psychological health outcomes in older adulthood, including cognitive impairment and mortality risk. Yet, how the individual and joint effects of loneliness and social isolation contribute to these outcomes remains unclear, particularly given the interplay between individual differences (loneliness) and environmental factors (social isolation) in shaping these important health outcomes in older adulthood (i.e., person-environment interactions). We used Cox regression, logistic regression, and multistate survival models to systematically investigate the individual and adjusted associations among loneliness, social isolation, cognitive aging outcomes, and mortality risk. Further, extensive between-study variability in operational definitions, modeling approaches, and covariate adjustments may be contributing to mixed results in the existing literature. In this registered report, we applied a multistudy... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1315b1q6 Tue, 1 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yoneda, Tomiko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-1881 Jackson, Kathryn L Noyer, Emily C Beam, Christopher R Pfund, Gabrielle Antonoplis, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-5516 Beck, Emorie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-3510 Bedjeti, Katy Qin, Pei Garner, Kayla M Luo, Jing Van Bogart, Karina Pieramici, Lily Hauner, Katherina Turiano, Nicholas A O’Súilleabháin, Páraic S Barnes, Lisa Bennett, David A Terrera, Graciela Muniz Mroczek, Daniel K James, Bryan D Steptoe, Andrew Ong, Anthony D Graham, Eileen K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pk772ns Constraints on Wilson coefficients (WCs) corresponding to dimension-6 operators of the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) are determined from a simultaneous fit to seven sets of CMS measurements probing Higgs boson, electroweak vector boson, top quark, and multijet production. Measurements of electroweak precision observables are also included and provide complementary constraints to those from the CMS experiment. The CMS measurements, using LHC proton-proton collision data at s=13Te$$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 36.3 or 138fb-1$$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$, are chosen to provide sensitivity to a broad set of operators, for which consistent SMEFT predictions can be derived. These are primarily measurements of differential cross sections which are parameterized as functions of the WCs. In measurements targeting t(t¯)X$${\text {t}} (\bar{\textrm{t}})\text {X} $$ production, SMEFT effects are modelled at the detector level. Individual... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pk772ns Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chekhovsky, V Hayrapetyan, A Makarenko, V Tumasyan, A Adam, W Andrejkovic, JW Benato, L Bergauer, T Damanakis, K Dragicevic, M Giordano, C Hussain, PS Jeitler, M Krammer, N Li, A Liko, D Mikulec, I Schieck, J Schöfbeck, R Schwarz, D Sonawane, M Waltenberger, W Wulz, C-E Janssen, T Kwon, H Van Laer, T Van Mechelen, P Bierkens, J Breugelmans, N D’Hondt, J Dansana, S De Moor, A Delcourt, M Heyen, F Hong, Y Lowette, S Makarenko, I Müller, D Tavernier, S Tytgat, M Van Onsem, GP Van Putte, S Vannerom, D Bilin, B Clerbaux, B Das, AK De Bruyn, I De Lentdecker, G Evard, H Favart, L Gianneios, P Khalilzadeh, A Khan, FA Malara, A Shahzad, MA Thomas, L Bemden, M Vanden Vander Velde, C Vanlaer, P Zhang, F De Coen, M Dobur, D Gokbulut, G Knolle, J Lambrecht, L Marckx, D Skovpen, K Van Den Bossche, N van der Linden, J Vandenbroeck, J Wezenbeek, L Bein, S Benecke, A Bethani, A Bruno, G Cappati, A De Jeneret, J De Favereau Delaere, C Giammanco, A Guzel, AO Jain Lemaitre, V Lidrych, J Mastrapasqua, P Turkcapar, S Alves, GA Coelho, E Silva, G Correia Hensel, C De Oliveira, T Menezes Herrera, C Mora Teles, P Rebello Soeiro, M Manganote, EJ Tonelli Pereira, A Vilela Júnior, WL Aldá Filho, M Barroso Ferreira Malbouisson, H Brandao Carvalho, W Chinellato, J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jq29213 While cancer remains the leading cause of occupational death among firefighters, cancer mitigation efforts are not always successful. This study examines how health practices become durable behavioral changes within the professional field of California firefighters. Drawing on 48 in-depth interviews, we examine how health uptake has been successful in a field where resistance would be expected based on the entrenched tradition and masculine culture. Integrating Bourdieu's framework with Fundamental Cause Theory, we show that cultural, symbolic, and social capital must be reconfigured concurrently to transform the entrenched habitus and enhance cancer mitigation. Specifically, acquiring new knowledge on cancer risks, reclassifying clean gear as a new symbol of professionalism, and solidifying the new knowledge and symbol through cohesive social networks can facilitate habitus transformation and produce sustained behavioral changes in cancer mitigation. Our research enriches both... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jq29213 Sat, 29 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Huft, Justin Fields, Benjamin Cohen, Tyler Link, Bruce Zhao, Wei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vq451pq Cellular therapy using human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMPCs) for regenerative medicine is hindered by poor cell survival and senescence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular processes, yet their role in cardiac aging remains underexplored. Here, lncRNA microarray profiling identified a novel lncRNA, XLOC_002543, upregulated in hMPCs preconditioned with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), which was named CoPP-Induced and SFPQ-Associated RNA Transcript (CISAT) due to its interaction with splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ), confirmed via RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation. CISAT was the only highly expressed transcript among seven lnc-ANKMY1-5 variants in hMPCs, as shown by RT-PCR. Notably, CISAT expression decreased in aging/senescent hMPCs, correlating with elevated p16^INK4A, a senescence marker. Overexpression of CISAT reduced p16^INK4A levels; enhanced hMPC survival, proliferation, and migration; and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vq451pq Fri, 28 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Xiuchun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-9538 Wang, Xiao-Liang Lopez, Sofia Wang, Jill Cai, Chuanxi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kk7p1t5 Abstract: Characterization of exoplanet atmospheres requires a close interplay between observations, modelling, and experimental data. The accuracy of input data used in atmospheric models is essential because it impacts our interpretation of planetary spectra with retrieval codes. Molecular absorption cross sections in the UV–visible range are fundamental input parameters, determining chemical kinetics, particularly on temperate terrestrial planets. However, several atmospheric species remain poorly, or even entirely, uncharacterized. This is the case for HSO, a radical with unconstrained photolysis cross sections, often approximated by hydroperoxyl (HO 2 ). Sulphur chemistry can strongly influence the composition of rocky exoplanets, particularly in anoxic environments where volcanic SO 2 —the main source of HSO—is more efficiently photolyzed, and sulphur... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kk7p1t5 Fri, 28 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Branco, Alexandre https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2271-7741 Sousa-Silva, Clara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-6871 Broussard, Wynter https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2304-3419 Schwieterman, Edward W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-2163 Ranjan, Sukrit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-9053 Topcik, Vera Demangeon, Olivier DS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-0355 Machado, Pedro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-5763 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9v66x5xx Bioinformatics studies often involve numerous simultaneous statistical tests, increasing the risk of false discoveries. To control the false discovery rate (FDR), these studies typically apply a statistical method called the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) method. However, BH can be overly conservative, particularly in small-sample studies, and it does not take advantage of relevant structural information among the hypotheses, such as groupings. Group structures can arise, for example, when genomic features located in close proximity are co-regulated. Recent statistical developments have yielded group-adaptive BH methods that can leverage pre-existing group information to improve statistical power while maintaining FDR control. However, these methods remain underutilized in bioinformatics practice. In this study, we illustrate the practical application of group-adaptive BH methods using a previously published, moderately scaled microRNA (miRNA) dataset. Even under simple groupings based... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9v66x5xx Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Laha, Nilanjana Koner, Salil Labowitz, Austin De Sarkar, Navonil https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t52j15x <h4>Importance</h4>Anti-immigration policies in 2025 may influence outpatient care and telehealth among immigrant communities. Understanding visit patterns is essential for health systems leaders to prepare for shifts in health care use and ensure preventive care.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare outpatient in-person and telehealth visit completion rates among patients classified as likely undocumented and those likely with legal status, before and after 2025 federal immigration policy changes.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This cross-sectional study analyzed electronic health record data from outpatient encounters in a public safety-net system. Documentation status was approximated using non-English primary language without a Social Security number (SSN) to classify patients with likely undocumented status and using English primary language with SSN for patients likely with legal status. Analyses compared visits from January to June 2024 and January to June 2025.<h4>Main... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t52j15x Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Borchers, Rahael Sergi, Francesco Rodriguez, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-1773 Ge, Shaokui Khoong, Elaine C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-3572 Molina, Melanie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h13f219 Biomass burning (BB) is a major organic aerosol source during urban winter pollution events. BB particles are rich in brown carbon (BrC) and absorb light to produce photooxidants such as oxidizing triplet excited states of organic chromophores (3C*). In midlatitudes, semivolatile phenols (ArOH) from BB are oxidized to form phenolic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) under moderate temperatures and sunlight. Here, we explore whether phenolic SOA is also formed in a cold, relatively dark, high-latitude city during winter. We use measurements from the 2022 ALPACA field campaign in Fairbanks, Alaska, incorporated into the PACT-1D model with added emissions, partitioning, and chemistry for 34 semivolatile BB phenols. The model includes phenol oxidation in the gas phase and in two populations of particles─aqueous and organic. Despite short pollutant residence times within the polluted surface layer, simulated phenolic SOA formation is fast, generating up to 4.5 μg m-3, with 99% produced... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8h13f219 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Heinlein, Laura MD Kuhn, Jonas Ijaz, Amna Temime-Roussel, Brice de Carvalho, Karolina Cysneiros Liebes, Mallory Guo, Fangzhou Flynn, James H Moor, Kyle Williams, Brent D’Anna, Barbara Stutz, Jochen Anastasio, Cort https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-0459 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jp4r02d Predicting which non-native plant species will become established and where is critical for conserving and managing biodiversity. Theory suggests that the mycorrhizal strategy of non-native plants may predict their establishment success. Here we combine a global dataset of 440,788 vegetation plots with data on plant native status and mycorrhizal type to assess mycorrhizal strategy of non-native plants. The mycorrhizal strategy of non-native plants varies strongly across biomes. Across grassland and desert biomes, non-native species are more frequently non-mycorrhizal than native species, whereas in other biomes non-native species are more likely to be mycorrhizal, most commonly arbuscular-mycorrhizal. Disturbance type and intensity are key predictors of mycorrhizal strategy of non-native species, as mycorrhizal species are favoured by landscape modification and non-mycorrhizal species by natural and human-caused disturbance events. Facultatively mycorrhizal species are consistently... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jp4r02d Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cazzaniga, Sara Giulia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-136X Lauber, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-432X van den Hoogen, Johan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-8461 Beaury, Evelyn M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7971-3593 Bueno, C Guillermo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-2271 Bever, James D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-3582 Damasceno, Gabriella https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-484X Catford, Jane https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-5960 Lenoir, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-9582 Martin, Adam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-4004 Mori, Akira S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-1198 Novakovskiy, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4105-7436 Gutiérrez, Alvaro G https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-3198 González-Robles, Ana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-8905 de Gasper, André Luís https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-9581 Moles, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-7762 Stanisci, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-0932 Csecserits, Anikó Jentsch, Anke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-8300 Kuzemko, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9425-2756 Perea, Antonio J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-9358 Nerlekar, Ashish Munje, Avishkar Güler, Behlül https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-4340 Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja Hérault, Bruno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-7286 Pinho, Bruno X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-3575 Baraloto, Chris Rossi, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-8898 Hending, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-4354 Laughlin, Daniel C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9651-5732 Rogers, Dave Schellenberger Costa, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1747-1506 Thakur, Dinesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4610-5444 Uogintas, Domas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-1218 Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-5456 Alvarez-Davila, Esteban Weiher, Evan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-9964 Thomas, Evert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-6228 Gonçalves, Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8620-1011 Rodrigues, Flávio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-0089 Sabatini, Francesco Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-7697 Schurr, Frank M Essl, Franz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-2112 Zizka, Georg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5030-7049 Bonari, Gianmaria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-6067 Swacha, Grzegorz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-2954 Chen, Han YH https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-5541 Bruelheide, Helge https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-0356 Ford, Henry Wang, Hua-Feng Biurrun, Idoia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-0433 Aubin, Isabelle Dembicz, Iwona https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6162-1519 Willie, Jacob https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-1321 Altman, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-5773 Svenning, Jens-Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-0862 Lichstein, Jeremy W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-6142 Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-7149 Dolezal, Jiri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5829-4051 Cornelissen, Johannes HC Hunter, John Messier, Julie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-6793 Dengler, Jürgen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3221-660X Homeier, Jürgen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-3267 Orwin, Kate H Korznikov, Kirill https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-1483 Van Meerbeek, Koenraad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-3815 Macía, Manuel J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4676-612X Schmidt, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-6117 Varricchione, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-6609 Carlucci, Marcos Bergmann Spasojevic, Marko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 Giorgis, Melisa A Chytrý, Milan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-3075 El-Sheikh, Mohamed A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-7448 Hatim, Mohamed Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-5108 Kraft, Nathan JB Mohanbabu, Neha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-131X Phillips, Oliver L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-6168 Reich, Peter B https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-662X Pielech, Remigiusz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-3305 Arasa-Gisbert, Ricard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-4528 Guarino, Riccardo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-9416 Testolin, Riccardo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-7231 Tarifa, Rubén https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-1978 Mukul, Sharif A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-2469 Phartyal, Shyam S https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-6619 Schmitt, Sylvain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-7106 Haider, Sylvia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-0534 Dziuba, Tetiana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8621-0890 Domingues, Tomas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9838 Liu, Udayangani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-1319 Golub, Valentin Silva, Vasco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-1824 Fontana, Veronika https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-7434 Vandvik, Vigdis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-4798 Kissling, W Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-6755 Stančić, Zvjezdana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-811X Winter, Marten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-7300 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pg770z7 Infants learn through everyday interactions with the physical and social environment. For infants with cerebral palsy (CP), motor impairments may disrupt everyday learning opportunities. How can we measure real-world motor behavior and learning opportunities in infants with CP? Machine learning models have been developed to quantify body position throughout a day in infants with typical development (TD) using wearable sensor data. However, these models have not been validated in infants with motor impairments. This study assessed the validity of body position classification using machine learning and sensors in infants with CP. Ten infants with CP (7-18 months; one session each) and 19 infants with TD (4-12 months; 45 sessions) wore four inertial sensors on their legs throughout a day. Ninety minutes were video recorded and manually scored for body position in five categories: supine, prone, sitting, standing, and held. Random forest classifiers were trained to predict body position... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pg770z7 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kretch, Kari S Enriques, Florencia A Franchak, John M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-2864 Abney, Drew H Bell, Christopher A Jerry, Christian M Lindig, Katherine Steffen, Grace https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s23m7v6 Secret-message transmission by echoing encrypted probes (STEEP) using phase-shift-keying (PSK) constellation of asymmetric sizes is investigated, and compared with a prior scheme which is limited to binary signaling. While both schemes can yield positive secrecy rates over a wiretap channel with eavesdropping channel being stronger than user’s, PSK-STEEP is more general and results in higher secrecy rates than the prior scheme. The secrecy rate of PSK-STEEP is shown to be increasing with the size of PSK constellation in phase 1 but is maximized by a binary PSK constellation in phase 2. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s23m7v6 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rafique, Moontasir Hua, Yingbo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-8223 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dj6604r Mountain ecosystems are experiencing rapid climate changes, with implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Changing snow dynamics, especially earlier melt, are influencing the timing and length of growing seasons, species phenology, and plant abundance. Because mountains are characterized by high topographical and microclimatic variation, effects of changing snow dynamics may depend on small-scale variation in topographically mediated snow accumulation. Wind-scoured areas frequently lack snow cover and thus may be less vulnerable to earlier snowmelt than areas of deep snow accumulation. Here, we test this expectation by applying black sand to accelerate snowmelt in five 400 m² plots arranged along hillslope gradients. We followed the effects of experimentally accelerated snowmelt on snow-off timing, growing season length, soil moisture, and plant community composition for 6 years. The largest changes in snow-off timing (average of 15 days earlier) and growing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dj6604r Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Henn, Jonathan J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-9238 Bardsley, Katherine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0821-425X Bueno de Mesquita, Clifton P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-7100 Elmendorf, Sarah C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-8521 Emery, Nancy C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-514X Farrer, Emily C https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-8831 Forrester, Chiara Smith, Jane G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-4663 Spasojevic, Marko J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 Morse, Jennifer F Suding, Katharine N https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18h8b8vg In the last two decades, the field of molecular entomology has seen a shift toward next-generation sequencing techniques as a means of uncovering genetic and developmental processes. However, the standardization of methods is not well-established, and studies for insect-fungus consortia lack established protocols for advanced molecular techniques and downstream analysis compared to approaches applied in model systems involving insect-bacteria interactions. To investigate insect-microbe interactions, RNA sequencing and analysis is often used to identify genes involved in the symbiosis. But such protocols do not often consider insect-fungus systems, which vary significantly in community member abundance and/or fail to describe the details of the process from collection to data processing. This paper will introduce a comprehensive approach for RNA sequencing using two non-model insect-fungus consortia, which lack established, published protocols seen in model systems: the ambrosia... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18h8b8vg Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Laws, McKeon Burns, Ellie S Kason, Matt T Kijimoto, Teiya Stajich, Jason E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-0020 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kh4t98v Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by the Mn4CaO5 oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII), where hydrogen-bonding and ion-binding networks regulate proton transfer, substrate-water delivery, and S-state advancement. Acetate binding inhibits oxygen evolution, competes with chloride, and stabilizes the S=5/2 spin isomer of the S2 state, but its donor-side binding site remains unresolved. Here, we combine EPR spectroscopy, pH-dependent oxygen-evolution measurements, mutagenesis, and QM/MM calculations to support a donor-side acetate-binding model and determine how acetate perturbs the OEC environment. Acetate increases the ratio of the g=4.1 to g=2 S2-state EPR signals in spinach PSII membranes and cyanobacterial PSII core complexes, with stronger stabilization persisting to higher pH in spinach PSII. The D1-N87A Synechocystis PSII variant exhibits spinach-like acetate sensitivity and pH-dependent oxygen-evolution behavior, with an effective acidic pKa of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kh4t98v Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lampert, Julianne S Banerjee, Gourab Ghosh, Ipsita Liu, Jinchan Reiss, Krystle M Debus, Richard J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-8730 Batista, Victor S Brudvig, Gary W https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22c0q195 Uncertainty in long-term climate outcomes arises not only from physical processes but also from societal responses to climate variability and change. Here we embed a range of temperature anomalies into an empirically-informed, coupled climate–social model to investigate how natural temperature variability, through its influence on societal decision-making, shapes global emissions trajectories. Using Monte Carlo ensembles spanning social, political, and technological parameters, we find that anomalous mid-century warmth strengthens public support for mitigation and accelerates the timing of net-zero emissions by several years, whereas anomalous cooling delays net-zero achievement. The response scales with the magnitude and persistence of variability with stronger and longer-lasting temperature anomalies producing larger shifts in mitigation timing. Across ensembles, high-variability climates are associated with higher emissions pathways and a greater likelihood of failing to reach... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22c0q195 Wed, 26 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Larson, James G Keys, Patrick W Moore, Frances C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-9642 Burkhardt, Jesse https://escholarship.org/uc/item/807463wm UHRF1 is an important epigenetic regulator for maintenance DNA methylation. UHRF1 recognizes hemi-methylated DNA (hm-DNA) and trimethylation of histone H3K9 (H3K9me3), but the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that UHRF1 adopts a closed conformation, in which a C-terminal region (Spacer) binds to the tandem Tudor domain (TTD) and inhibits H3K9me3 recognition, whereas the SET-and-RING-associated (SRA) domain binds to the plant homeodomain (PHD) and inhibits H3R2 recognition. Hm-DNA impairs the intramolecular interactions and promotes H3K9me3 recognition by TTD-PHD. The Spacer also facilitates UHRF1-DNMT1 interaction and enhances hm-DNA-binding affinity of the SRA. When TTD-PHD binds to H3K9me3, SRA-Spacer may exist in a dynamic equilibrium: either recognizes hm-DNA or recruits DNMT1 to chromatin. Our study reveals the mechanism for regulation of H3K9me3 and hm-DNA recognition by URHF1. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/807463wm Mon, 24 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fang, Jian Cheng, Jingdong Wang, Jiaolong Zhang, Qiao Liu, Mengjie Gong, Rui Wang, Ping Zhang, Xiaodan Feng, Yangyang Lan, Wenxian Gong, Zhou Tang, Chun Wong, Jiemin Yang, Huirong Cao, Chunyang Xu, Yanhui https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ks304jj Happiness seekers tend to focus on changing their life circumstances, such as buying a new house, switching jobs, or getting married. However, people have been found to adapt to both positive and negative life changes, such as marriage, job promotion, disability, and widowhood. This process—known as hedonic adaptation—can serve as a formidable barrier to achieving lasting happiness. The Hedonic Adaptation Prevention model outlines why people adapt to life changes and sheds light on how adaptation to favorable events can be forestalled and how adaptation to unfavorable events can be hastened. In this chapter, we focus on a positive change as the model’s starting point, which is associated with an immediate boost in well-being and a gradual decline back to baseline. Individuals adapt to positive life changes due to increasing aspirations and declines in the number of positive events and emotions associated with the change. Fortunately, lasting happiness change is indeed possible,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ks304jj Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Armenta, Christina Bao, Katherine Jacobs Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 Sheldon, Kennon M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k11p098 As many happiness seekers inevitably discover, human beings are remarkably susceptible to hedonic adaptation—the process of becoming accustomed to positive life changes. Even if individuals observe short-term increases in happiness, how can they avoid the natural erosion of happiness over time? Can anyone ever stay happier? In the present chapter, we review the mechanisms underlying hedonic adaptation to positive experiences and present evidence that sheds light on how people can deliberately prevent or slow it down. We argue that the intentional, effortful use of positive activities can produce and sustain significant increases in happiness. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k11p098 Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fritz, Megan M Walsh, Lisa C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-4824 Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m87n1gj Making Happiness Last <i>Using the Hedonic Adaptation Prevention Model to Extend the Success of Positive Interventions</i> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m87n1gj Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bao, Katherine Jacobs Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2779n2fj Abstract Soil water flow, particularly preferential flow (PF), is a critical control on hydrological and biogeochemical processes, including groundwater recharge, contaminant transport, and carbon cycling. However, it remains challenging to predict PF occurrence across large environmental gradients. Here, we developed a deep learning (DL) model to estimate event‐scale soil water flow velocity and the probability of PF occurrence using high‐frequency soil moisture and precipitation data from 33 sites across the National Ecological Observatory Network. The model demonstrated high skill in predicting the binary occurrence of PF (91% F1‐score; 85% accuracy) but the performance was limited in predicting soil water velocity ( R 2 &nbsp;=&nbsp;0.31). We found that precipitation characteristics (duration, volume, and intensity) were the most important predictors for soil water velocity. Among the non‐precipitation event variables, sand content showed relatively high predictive skill,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2779n2fj Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Bonan Sprenger, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1221-2767 Araki, Ryoko Keen, Rachel Mayernik, Caitlin M Rudisill, William https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-2306 Ajami, Hoori https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-7630 Crompton, Octavia Giménez, Daniel Groh, Jannis Hirmas, Daniel Koop, Aaron N Singh, Nitin Wiekenkamp, Inge Wyatt, Briana M Xu, Tianfang Sullivan, Pamela L https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gq1h509 Background Escalating healthcare expenditures highlight the need to identify modifiable predictors of the use and costs of healthcare and sickness benefit transfers. We conducted a prospective analysis on Danish data to determine the costs associated with flourishing as compared to the below threshold level of flourishing. Methods We used data from a 2016 Danish survey of 3508 adults, which was linked to Danish register data. Flourishing was assessed with a validated psychological well-being scale. A two-part regression model was used to predict 2017 costs while adjusting for 2016 costs, demographic variables, and health status, including psychiatric morbidity and health behaviours. Costs are expressed in USD PPP. Results Applying criteria from prior literature, the prevalence of flourishing in Denmark (measured in 2016) was 34.7%. Flourishing was associated with significantly lower healthcare costs ($-687.7, 95% CI&nbsp;=&nbsp;$-1295.0, $-80.4) and sickness benefit transfers... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gq1h509 Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Santini, Ziggi Ivan Nielsen, Line Hinrichsen, Carsten Nelausen, Malene Kubstrup Meilstrup, Charlotte Koyanagi, Ai McDaid, David Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 VanderWeele, Tyler J Koushede, Vibeke https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48j8j56j The space CMO is a proper subspace of BMO typically employed in harmonic analysis to prove compactness results for commutators. It has been shown, however, that there exists another space XMO, which is also a proper subspace of BMO but larger than CMO, so that the commutators of pointwise multiplications by its members with certain pseudodifferential operators of order zero (associated with singular integral operator of Calderón-Zygmund type) still produce compact operators on Lebesgue spaces. The purpose of this article is to proved the analogous result for smoothing pseudodifferential operators of finite order (associated with fractional integral operators). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48j8j56j Wed, 19 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Torres, Rodolfo H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/51r5g21r Precise experimental information on hyperon-nucleon interactions is scarce but of paramount importance to our understanding of the inner structure of compact stars. In this Letter, we report the first experimental results of correlation functions between deuterons (d) and Λ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0  GeV measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A clear enhancement at small relative momenta has been observed in the correlation function. Through a Bayesian inference analysis, the source size parameters as a function of collision centrality and the spin-dependent strong interaction parameters (scattering length f_{0} and effective range d_{0}) are extracted using the Lednický-Lyuboshitz formalism. The derived doublet spin state parameters (f_{0}, d_{0}) lead to a novel method to precisely determine Λ separation energy for the weakly bounded hypertriton _{Λ}^{3}H. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/51r5g21r Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aboona, BE Adam, J Adamczyk, L Aggarwal, I Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alshammri, AK Aschenauer, EC Aslam, S Atchison, J Bairathi, V Bao, X Barik, P Barish, K https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-0726 Behera, S Bellwied, R Bhagat, P Bhasin, A Bhatta, S Bhosale, SR Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Brandenburg, JD Broodo, C Cai, XZ Caines, H de la Barca Sánchez, M Calderón Cebra, D Ceska, J Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, YS Chang, Z Chatterjee, A Chen, D Chen, JH Chen, L Chen, Q Chen, W Chen, Z Cheng, J Cheng, Y Christie, W Chu, X Corey, S Crawford, HJ Csanád, M Dale-Gau, G Das, A De Souza Lemos, D Deppner, IM Deshpande, A Dhamija, A Dimri, A Dixit, P Dong, X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-0735 Drachenberg, JL Duckworth, E Dunlop, JC El-Feky, YS Engelage, J Eppley, G Esumi, S Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fan, B Fang, Y Fatemi, R Fazio, S Feng, H Feng, Y Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flor, FA Fu, B Fu, C Fu, T Gagliardi, CA Galatyuk, T Gao, T Gao, Y Garcia, G Geurts, F Gibson, A Giri, A Gopal, K Gou, X Grosnick, D Gu, A Gu, J Gupta, A Hamed, A Hamilton, RJ Han, J Han, X Harabasz, S Harasty, MD Harris, JW Harrison-Smith, H Havener, LB https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kq8p4sk ABSTRACT Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) is a Neotropical Solanaceae pest that has evolved into four host races due to host plant association. In this study, prezygotic and postzygotic isolation were evaluated in parental and F1 generations collected from Solanum lycopersicum (S. 1), S. quitoense (S. q) and S. betaceum (S. b), representing medium size (S. 1, S. q) and large size genitalia races (S. b). 617 adults were obtained in the laboratory and 106 copulated. One spermatophore per female was found in the bursa copulatrix, suggesting monoandry. Crosses between adults mostly occurred assortatively. A third of the female's eggs laid occurred, but females from ♀. b x ♂ S. 1, ♀. 1 x ♂S. b and S. 1 x S. 1 did not. In the cross, ♀. 1 x ♂ S. q and its reciprocal F1 progeny developed into larvae. Reproductive success only occurred in three crosses: S. q x S. q, ♀. q x ♂ S. b and its reciprocal progeny. All the progeny from these crosses reached adulthood. The parental... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9kq8p4sk Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Díaz-Montilla, Ana Elizabeth Baena-Bejarano, Nathalie Saldamando, Clara Ines Montoya-Lerma, James https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gn480hp Recent declines of insect populations at high rates have resulted in the need to develop a quick method to determine their diversity and to process massive data for the identification of species of highly diverse groups. A short sequence of DNA from COI is widely used for insect identification by comparing it against sequences of known species. Repositories of sequences are available online with tools that facilitate matching of the sequences of interest to a known individual. However, the performance of these tools can differ. Here we aim to assess the accuracy in identification of insect taxonomic categories from two repositories, BOLD Systems and GenBank. This was done by comparing the sequence matches between the taxonomist identification and the suggested identification from the platforms. We used 1,160 COI sequences representing eight orders of insects from Colombia. After the comparison, we reanalyzed the results from a representative subset of the data from the subfamily... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8gn480hp Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Baena-Bejarano, Nathalie Reina, Catalina Martínez-Revelo, Diego Esteban Medina, Claudia A Tovar, Eduardo Uribe-Soto, Sandra Neita-Moreno, Jhon Cesar Gonzalez, Mailyn A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7x21678n Tropical dry forest is a biome characterized by prolonged dry seasons which harbors an exceptionally rich floristic biodiversity. Yet it is among the most threatened biomes and its belowground diversity remains poorly documented. Here, we analyzed the soil environmental DNA with metabarcoding to quantify the belowground diversity and composition of 11 tropical dry forest sites across four biogeographic regions in Colombia, and we provide a comparative analysis of the biogeographic drivers of soil biodiversity, including soil properties, climate, and spatial factors. We found that the soil microbial communities of tropical dry forests had high proportions of taxa associated with dry conditions, such as Actinomycetota, Glomeromycetes, and Amoebozoa, compared to other tropical forests. Soil mesofauna consisted mainly of ants, termites, and earthworms, with few enchytraeids. The soil microbial alpha and beta diversity were primarily driven by soil physicochemical and climatic drivers,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7x21678n Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Raynaud, Jérémy Calderón-Sanou, Irene Gonzalez, Mailyn Baena-Bejarano, Nathalie Chave, Jérôme Donald, Julian González-M, Roy Iribar, Amaya Montoya, Paola Norden, Natalia Rodríguez Buriticá, Susana Schimann, Heidy Suescun Darias, Uxue Zinger, Lucie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wv9p23z Three new species of Ripipteryx Newman (Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea: Ripipterygidae) are described from Colombia; namely Ripipteryxdiegoi sp. n. (Forceps Group) and Ripipteryxguacharoensis sp. n. (Marginipennis Group) from Parque Nacional Natural Cueva de los Guacharos in Huila, and Ripipteryxgorgonaensis sp. n. (Crassicornis Group) from Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona in Cauca. Ripipteryxdiegoi sp. n. is characterized by the antennae black with white spots on flagellomeres 3-7, male subgenital plate with median ridge forming a bilobed setose process, epiproct produced laterally near its base and phallic complex with virga thickened distally and not reaching beyond the membrane. Ripipteryxguacharoensis sp. n. is characterized by the antennae thick with white spots present dorsally on flagellomeres 1-4 and 8, epiproct narrow and triangular, uncus reduced and lacking a distal hook, phallic complex with a concave ventral plate and a dorsal elevation in the middle extended to the virga,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wv9p23z Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Baena-Bejarano, Nathalie Heads, Sam W https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd0482n Abstract Recent declines of insect populations at high rates have resulted in the need to develop a quick method to determine their diversity and to process massive data for the identification of species of highly diverse groups. A short sequence of DNA from COI is widely used for insect identification by comparing it against sequences of known species. Repositories of sequences are available online with tools that facilitate matching of the sequences of interest to a known individual. However, the performance of these tools can differ. Here we aim to assess the accuracy in identification of insect taxonomic categories from two repositories, BOLD Systems, and GenBank. This was done by comparing the sequence matches between taxonomist identification and the suggested identification from the platforms. We used 1160 sequences in eight orders of insects from Colombia. After the comparison, we reanalyzed the results from a representative subset of the data from the subfamily Scarabaeinae... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd0482n Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Baena-Bejarano, Nathalie Reina, Catalina Martínez-Revelo, Diego Esteban Medina, Claudia A Tovar, Eduardo Uribe-Soto, Sandra Neita-Moreno, Jhon Cesar Gonzalez, Mailyn A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3749714w The tropical dry forest is a tropical biome characterized by prolonged dry seasons, and harbors an exceptionally rich floristic biodiversity. Yet it is among the most threatened biomes and its belowground diversity remains poorly documented. Here, we analyzed the soil environmental DNA with metabarcoding to quantify the belowground diversity and composition of 11 tropical dry forest sites across four biogeographic regions in Colombia, and we provide a comparative analysis of the biogeographic drivers of soil biodiversity, including soil properties, climate, and spatial factors. We found that the soil microbial communities of tropical dry forests had high proportions of taxa associated with dry conditions, such as Actinomycetota, Glomeromycetes, and Amoebozoa, compared to other tropical forests. Soil mesofauna consisted mainly of ants, termites, and earthworms, with few enchytraeids. The soil microbial alpha and beta diversity were primarily driven by soil physicochemical and climatic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3749714w Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Raynaud, Jérémy Calderón-Sanou, Irene Gonzalez, Mailyn Baena-Bejarano, Nathalie Chave, Jérôme Donald, Julian González-M, Roy Iribar, Amaya Montoya, Paola Norden, Natalia Rodríguez Buriticá, Susana Schimann, Heidy Suescun Darias, Uxue Zinger, Lucie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1456s7c3 El Bosque seco tropical (BST) es uno de los ecosistemas más amenazado a nivel mundial. La mayoría de estudios de artropofauna en BST se han enfocado en órdenes de insectos como Coleoptera, Lepidoptera e Hymenoptera, pero pocos han trabajado Diptera, a pesar de ser un grupo hiperdiverso y con varios roles tróficos. Este trabajo aporta una revisión exhaustiva de este orden para un relicto de BST en Colombia, localizado en la Ecoreserva La Tribuna, Neiva, Huila. Se buscó identificar los dípteros de la Ecoreserva, estimar riqueza y abundancia, y analizar índices de recambio de familias. Para esto, se ubicaron trampas Malaise en tres comunidades vegetales (Bosque interno, Chaparral y Lote 2) por cinco meses. Se recolectaron 16 997 individuos en 54 familias, de estas 19 familias se registran por primera vez con distribución en el Huila. Las familias que dominaron la riqueza y abundancia en las tres comunidades vegetales fueron Phoridae, Sciaridae, Cecidomyiidae, Ceratopogonidae, Sarcophagidae... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1456s7c3 Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 López-Murcia, Wilber Díaz Valderrama, Jamir BAENA-BEJARANO, NATHALIE https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t9409kj Abstract: Accurately predicting the role of forests in the global carbon cycle requires a detailed understanding of the factors mediating the timing and magnitude of radial stem growth. While weather conditions and topo‐edaphic factors play a critical role in mediating short‐term woody growth, biotic factors can also drive radial growth dynamics, yet their importance is often overlooked. To better understand how weather and neighbouring trees drive patterns of intra‐annual stem growth, we installed automated dendrometer bands on two tree species ( Pinus ponderosa , Quercus kelloggii ) in a dryland ecosystem for 2 years. We evaluated differences in radial growth dynamics between the two species... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8t9409kj Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McCann, Erin Spasojevic, Marko J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ft9p20j Abstract: To investigate how niche and fitness differences determine the outcome of species interactions and shape local biodiversity patterns, research has typically focused on either simplified experimental systems that test specific mechanisms or observational studies where processes are inferred from functional trait or phylogenetic patterns. While each approach has yielded valuable insights, both have drawbacks, and few studies have integrated these approaches to connect mechanistic processes with observed biodiversity patterns. To this end, we paired a 3‐year neighbour removal experiment involving 22 species pairs with spatial point pattern analyses conducted in 8 spatially explicit 2 m × 2 m plots arrayed across a stress‐resource gradient in the alpine tundra of Colorado. By employing this dual approach of experiment... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ft9p20j Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Huxley, Jared D Bowman, William D Spasojevic, Marko J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rg776zc Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation in forest ecosystems. While experimental studies have shown that plant diversity usually increases SOC, it remains unclear whether this positive relationship holds in natural ecosystems across varying climatic conditions. Using a global dataset of 15 large and long-term monitored natural forest sites spanning a wide latitudinal range, we assess the relationship between tree diversity and SOC within and across sites in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. We found an overall positive relationship between tree taxonomic diversity and SOC. The relationships between tree taxonomic or functional diversity and SOC became stronger under colder and more arid conditions. Additionally, tree functional composition was linked to SOC only within a subset of sites in more arid climates. These findings suggest that warmer and more humid conditions increase decomposition, offsetting... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rg776zc Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yan, Haoru Liu, Xiaojuan Schmid, Bernhard Li, Yi Anderson‐Teixeira, Kristina J Both, Sabine Bourg, Norman A Burslem, David FRP Chu, Chengjin Clay, Keith Du, Hu Guerrero‐Ramírez, Nathaly R Huang, Hua Johnson, Daniel J Jin, Guangze Lin, Luxiang Liu, Feng Liu, Yankun McShea, William J Mi, Xiangcheng Myers, Jonathan A Nie, Jinyao O'Brien, Michael J Phillips, Richard P Qiao, Xiujuan Reynolds, Glen Shen, Guochun Spasojevic, Marko J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 Su, Hongxin Xia, Shangwen Xu, Xuehong Yan, Enrong Yang, Xiaodong Yang, Jie Zhu, Yan Ma, Keping Hautier, Yann https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs8h2vh ASSEMBLY AND FUNCTION OF NEMATODE COMMUNITIES IN AN EARLY SUCCESSIONAL ALPINE LANDSCAPE https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs8h2vh Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dorota, Porazinska Farrer, EC Spasojevic, MJ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 de Mequita, CP Bueno Suding, KN Schmidt, SK https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rm9567q Despite widespread concern over global biodiversity loss, the balance between gains and losses within local&nbsp;plant communities remains contentious, largely due to a scarcity of integrative, long-term and large-scale analyses across different habitats and multiple facets of biodiversity. Here, we analyse 57,390 vegetation-plot time series of vascular plants across Europe to quantify the average and habitat-specific trends in taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic, and gamma diversity, alongside with changes in threatened Red List, non-native, and specialist versus generalist species. We find that, over the last 100 years, plant communities gained on average 0.7% in vegetation cover and 0.2% in species number per year, associated with gains in functional and phylogenetic diversity, non-native, Red List, and generalist species. Diversity changes are most pronounced in mire and wetland communities. Differences among habitat types and habitat-change trajectory (stable, successional,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rm9567q Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kambach, Stephan Jandt, Ute Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel Axmanová, Irena Bazzichetto, Manuele Bergmeier, Erwin Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus Biurrun, Idoia Bonari, Gianmaria Carboni, Marta Carlucci, Marcos Bergmann Carranza, Maria Laura Cerabolini, Bruno Enrico Leone Chiarucci, Alessandro Chytrý, Milan Damasceno, Gabriella Dengler, Jürgen De Sanctis, Michele Divíšek, Jan Dolezal, Jiří Dullinger, Stefan Essl, Franz Friesová, Klára Fontana, Veronika Garbolino, Emmanuel Glaser, Michael González-Robles, Ana Güler, Behlül Hähn, Georg JA Hájek, Michal Hruska, Tracy Illa, Estela Jansen, Florian Jansen, Steven Jentsch, Anke Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja Daniel Kissling, W Knollová, Ilona Losapio, Gianalberto Liu, Udayangani Lenoir, Jonathan Lens, Frederic Lenzner, Bernd Perea, Antonio J Méndez, Laura Messier, Julie Mori, Akira S Napoleone, Francesca Norum, Roger Novakovskiy, Alexander Onstein, Renske Pakeman, Robin J Peñuelas, Josep Petřík, Petr Pielech, Remigiusz Pinho, Bruno X Poschlod, Peter Rašomavičius, Valerijus Roscher, Christiane Rossi, Christian Sabatini, Francesco Maria Sandel, Brody Costa, David Schellenberger Schmidt, Wolfgang Sheremetiev, Serge Shovon, Tanvir Ahmed Spasojevic, Marko J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 Swenson, Nathan G Swacha, Grzegorz Tarifa, Rubén Tichý, Lubomír Tomaselli, Marcello Valdés, Alicia Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Vandvik, Vigdis Vassilev, Kiril Večeřa, Martin Weiher, Evan Wohlgemuth, Thomas Bruelheide, Helge https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jf529zj Aconitase catalyzes the reversible isomerization of two tricarboxylic acids, citrate and isocitrate, during the Krebs cycle. Five aconitase genes, namely, Aco1, Aco2, Aco3, Aco4, and Aco5, have been identified in soybean. Previously, Aco4 was mapped on chromosome 11. The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and sequence the candidate gene for Aco4. We mapped the Aco4 gene to a 148 kb region on chromosome 11 that contained 19 predicted genes. One of these, Glyma.11G080600, codes for aconitate hydratase. Sequencing of two isozyme variants (A-line and B-line) for Glyma.11G080600 revealed three synonymous and two non-synonymous substitutions. Perhaps, the two non-synonymous substitutions resulted in a variable isozyme pattern between the variants. Glyma.11G080600 contains a catalytic domain and a swivel domain that are known to catalyze isomerization of citrate to isocitrate and swiveling conformational change in the enzyme mechanism, respectively. Conservation of both the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jf529zj Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Coleman, Z Boelter, J Espinosa, K Goggi, AS Palmer, RG Sandhu, D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-3408 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vd2p16f Changes in precipitation patterns can influence soil nitrogen (N) cycling by altering the timing and extent of moisture availability. Arid conditions, associated with more frequent and severe droughts, can increase soil inorganic N concentrations when diffusion constraints decouple N sources and sinks, making this N susceptible to loss. Further, shifts in precipitation patterns in one season can “carry over” N into subsequent seasons, known as precipitation legacies. However, how these legacies increase soil N availability through changes in inorganic N production (i.e., gross N mineralization and nitrification) remain unclear. We manipulated the amount and timing of precipitation in a pinyon–juniper dryland by either adding or excluding precipitation during the winter or summer months and then measured the effects on inorganic N production using isotope pool dilutions. Excluding precipitation in the winter wet season—the most severe drought imposed—reduced average (± std. error)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vd2p16f Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Irby, Jamie C Krichels, Alexander H Spasojevic, Marko J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 Jenerette, Darrel G Hanan, Erin J Homyak, Peter M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gw73490 BackgroundWe examined vegetation diversity, structure, and composition on and off fuel breaks established during a 2013 wildfire in California chaparral shrublands. Vegetation was sampled 8 years following the fire to identify any persistent changes in structure or composition caused by this fire management activity, with implications for postfire vegetation recovery.ResultsWhile species diversity and cover of lifeforms did not differ on and off fuel breaks, species composition and regeneration strategy of dominant shrubs differed significantly. Sites in fuel breaks were dominated by fast-growing subshrubs that regenerate from seeds and are more readily dispersed into sites—species that are typical indicators of the coastal sage scrub community. Sites off fuel breaks were characterized by a mix of resprouting and seeding shrubs typically associated with the chaparral community.ConclusionsFuel breaks established by bulldozers during wildland firefighting have impacts on chaparral... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gw73490 Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McCann, Erin Flores, Zachary Franklin, Janet Spasojevic, Marko J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-0048 Molinari, Nicole Larios, Loralee https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cc2b7g9 BACKGROUND: Social connection is critical to both psychological well-being and optimal immune function. The present study tested whether a behavioral intervention to increase social connection (promoting extraverted behavior) might reduce a threat-related immunoregulatory gene expression program known as the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA). The CTRA is characterized by elevated inflammatory gene expression and reduced innate antiviral gene expression in response to beta adrenergic signaling and has been associated with adverse social conditions such as loneliness and ostracism. METHODS: In an 8-week intervention (with 6-week behavior change protocol), participants from a campus community (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;119; 87&nbsp;% undergraduate; 9&nbsp;% graduate; 4&nbsp;% staff) were randomized to act more extraverted (sociable; Extraversion condition) or track routine daily activities (Control condition). Participants reported on psychological outcomes and provided... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cc2b7g9 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martinez, Ramona L Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 Cole, Steve W https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6596b4jp Host-pathogen interactions are shaped by cellular restriction factors that direct antiviral defenses. We built the first ovine genome-wide CRISPR knockout library in sheep testis (OA3.Ts) cells, targeting all protein-coding genes. Using this platform, we identified PEX11B, a peroxisomal membrane regulatory protein, as a strong restriction factor against orf virus (ORFV) infection. Removing PEX11B increased viral susceptibility and triggered severe cytopathic effects with membrane fusion and syncytia formation. Mechanistic studies showed that PEX11B knockout harmed peroxisomal integrity and disrupted lipid metabolism. This led to greater plasma membrane fluidity, creating a proviral environment that allowed more viral entry and replication. These results reveal a new antiviral function for PEX11B in blocking viral infection and underscore the importance of peroxisomal regulation in host-virus interactions. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6596b4jp Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gao, Xiaoran Hao, Jinyang Lu, Sha Wang, Shida Sun, Yu Ke, Xin Gao, Xia Su, Yuan Sun, Yuze Tian, Yu Yan, Wenyu Wang, Jinliang Zheng, Zhong Hai, Rong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-4521 Zhang, Qianyi Wang, Jingfei Hu, Wei Wang, Guojun https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6485k3fn This narrative review examines research on artificial intelligence (AI), including rule-based systems, natural language processing models, and large language models, in relation to well-being, social connection, and personal growth. After briefly tracing the history of AI, we review evidence from AI-facilitated well-being interventions, educational applications, interpersonal skill development, AI-mediated communication, and AI companionship. In clinical and nonclinical settings, structured AI applications show some short-term benefits for anxiety, stress, loneliness, self-esteem, learning, and social confidence, while emerging evidence suggests that AI companions may provide temporary emotional support and a sense of connection. However, findings across these domains are not consistent and appear to depend on how AI is used, the structure of the interaction, the type of feedback provided, and the broader context. Important risks include emotional dependence, overreliance, reduced... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6485k3fn Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vannoy, Tanya K Cadieux, Stephen Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v87h4rb This study merged archival data from three separate experiments to investigate the typology of individuals who benefit most and least from gratitude letter writing interventions (<i>N</i> = 487). First, k-means clustering of pre- to post-intervention changes in affect revealed three distinct groups: Buffered, Mixed Feelings, and Backfired. The Buffered cluster comprised individuals who, on average, experienced decreases in negative affect (e.g., less frustration) but no changes in positive emotions (e.g., joyful). The Mixed Feelings cluster experienced increases in positive affect, alongside self-conscious emotions, particularly indebtedness, which became more closely aligned with uplifting emotional states following the intervention. The Backfired cluster experienced decreases in positive feelings and increases in negative affect. Next, differences in individual characteristics across clusters indicated that those in the Buffered cluster were relatively more neurotic, had higher... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v87h4rb Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vannoy, Tanya K Walsh, Lisa C Liao, Luke Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jx1305v Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has transformed the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, a substantial proportion of AIS patients experience poor outcomes despite successful recanalization, often due to severe neurological deterioration or life-threatening complications. Early identification of these high-risk patients remains a major unmet need. In this study, we developed and validated machine-learning (ML) models that integrate automated quantitative brain arterial morphology and collateral grading with demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables to predict major post-EVT complications and early neurological outcomes. Using a prospectively collected database of 727 AIS patients that underwent EVT, we developed ML models to incorporate patient-specific vascular morphometry with conventional clinical, laboratory, and imaging data to predict emergence of early neurological deterioration (END), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), malignant brain... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jx1305v Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Deshpande, Aditi Wang, Jing Altaweel, Laith R Yi, Seajin Bahiru, Zelalem Leiphart, Tahddeus J Tahsili-Fahadan, Pouya Laksari, Kaveh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-4796 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48b5x8bq This Nano Focus article summarizes the symposium honoring the inaugural Dong Qin ACS Award in Nanochemistry at the ACS Spring 2026 meeting. The event celebrated the first recipient, Prof. Luis M. Liz-Marzán, and honored the legacy of Prof. Dong Qin. Key themes included data-driven and machine-learning-assisted synthesis, the engineering of chiral and asymmetric nanostructures for biomedical sensing, therapeutic delivery at the nano-bio interface, and high-throughput single-particle characterization techniques. Ultimately, the symposium showcased a future in which nanochemistry is increasingly automated, predictive, and biologically integrated. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48b5x8bq Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sun, Yugang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6351-6977 Pérez-Juste, Jorge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-1699 Yin, Yadong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0218-3042 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42m7f8zn How Chanting Enhances Well-Being: The Roles of Vocalization, Repetition, and Concentration https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42m7f8zn Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cadieux, Stephen Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xm0z5f2 In this article, we propose a CUSUM-type online change-point detection procedure for monitoring a change in the mean function of dependent functional data. Our method is fully nonparametric and does not require dimension reduction for the functional observations. For the proposed sequential monitoring scheme, we provide the limiting distribution of the CUSUM monitoring statistic under the null hypothesis of no change, which yields the threshold to control the global false alarm rate asymptotically. Furthermore, we show that the proposed sequential test has an asymptotic power one. The method is illustrated by means of Monte Carlo simulation studies and an application to a real dataset. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xm0z5f2 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhu, Hanbing Zhou, Houlin Li, Yehua Wang, Xuejun Song, Xinyuan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xm354v1 Reassortment between different influenza strains occurs when they co-infect the same host cell. The emergence of a reassortant virus depends on both its intrinsic fitness and extrinsic factors, including preexisting humoral immunity. The generation of pandemic strains, such as H2N2 and H3N2, and zoonotic influenza A viruses, such as H5N6, H5N8, and H7N9, in birds is suggested to be the result of extensive selection by preexisting antibodies. To further explore the role of humoral immunity in reassortment, we generated two divergent fluorescent protein-expressing viruses and used strain-specific and cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to assess the impact of cross-immunity on reassortment. Our results indicate that all mAbs altered the genotypic diversity and significantly reduced the release of progeny virions in co-infected cells both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, antibody transfer studies in mice revealed protection from challenge with divergent pathogenicity... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xm354v1 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Mengnan Gao, Xiaoran Li, Xueyang Hao, Jinyang Light, Christine Tian, Yu Wang, Siqin Yan, Wenyu Hai, Rong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-4521 Hu, Wei Wang, Guojun https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12v499gc Pathways to Self-Compassion: The Effects of Self-Kind Behaviors and Self-Kind Thoughts on Self-Compassion and Well-Being https://escholarship.org/uc/item/12v499gc Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martinez, Ramona L Regan, Annie Lyubomirsky, Sonja https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-5595 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/195535th Rhodium supported on titania (Rh/TiO 2 ) is an active catalyst for the reverse water gas shift reaction, yet the nature of the active sites for this reaction and others remain under debate due to the dynamic nature of the Rh coordination. Rhodium supported on titania (Rh/TiO 2 ) is an active catalyst for the reverse water gas shift reaction, yet the nature of the active sites for this reaction and others remain under debate. Single atom Rh sites have frequently been proposed as key sites, making it essential to monitor size changes of Rh species under in situ conditions to establish the structure–function relationship. However, surface-sensitive in situ measurements of nanosized particles remain experimentally challenging and have focused on metal oxide single crystal model systems. Here, we apply ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) to Rh/TiO 2 powdered catalysts under oxidizing and reducing environments. We find size-dependent binding energy shifts in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/195535th Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gericke, Sabrina M Erbez, Jake Chen, Xiaobo Khan, Anastassiya Chen, Zhihengyu Lee, Yonghyuk Hong, Seunghwa Heinlein, Jake Schroeder, Emily K Bac, Selin Novak, Jonathan Blum, Monika https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-9092 Nemšák, Slavomir Christopher, Phillip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-5510 Cargnello, Matteo Hoffman, Adam S Bare, Simon R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-0342 Tenney, Samuel Yang, Judith C Alexandrova, Anastassia N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-1911 Head, Ashley R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rh3r5b5 Solidarity and Social Justice in the midst of covid-19 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rh3r5b5 Sat, 8 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hue, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-5092 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z8510nc Olefin metathesis reactions catalyzed by molybdenum or tungsten alkylidene (M═CRR') complexes are robust methods of forming carbon-carbon double bonds, but how catalytically active alkylidene complexes are formed from olefins alone has not been determined. Here we show that two electron reductions of W(NR)(OR')₂Cl₂ complexes in the presence of cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, or cyclooctene yield W(NR)(OR')₂(cycloalkene) and/or W(NR)(OR')₂(cycloalkylidene) complexes (R = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Ar), 2,6-dichlorophenyl (Ar_Cl); OR' = OSiPh₃, OCMe₂(CF₃) (OR_F3), OCMe(CF₃)₂ (OR_F6), OC(CF₃)₃ (OR_F9)). Mechanistic studies suggest that alkylidenes are formed from unobserved bis-alkene complexes through the transfer of an allylic proton from one bound olefin to the second to give an alkyl/allyl intermediate followed by... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7z8510nc Tue, 4 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Maji, Milan Das, Kanu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6490-5058 Trowbridge, Logan Schrock, Richard R https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-3552 Conley, Matthew P Carta, Veronica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xm9z5t7 The STAR experiment reports new, high-precision measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetries for π^{±} within jets, namely the Collins asymmetries, from transversely polarized p^{↑}p collisions at sqrt[s]=510  GeV. The energy-scaled distribution of jet transverse momentum, x_{T}=2p_{T,jet}/sqrt[s], shows a remarkable consistency for Collins asymmetries of π^{±} in jets between sqrt[s]=200  GeV and 510&nbsp;GeV. This indicates that the Collins asymmetries are nearly energy independent, with, at most, a very weak scale dependence in p^{↑}p collisions. These results extend to high-momentum scales (Q^{2}≤3400  GeV^{2}) and enable unique tests of evolution and universality in the transverse-momentum-dependent formalism, thus providing important constraints for the Collins fragmentation functions. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xm9z5t7 Tue, 4 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aboona, BE Adam, J Adamczyk, L Aggarwal, I Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alshammri, AK Aschenauer, EC Aslam, S Atchison, J Bairathi, V Bao, X Barik, P Barish, K https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-0726 Behera, S Bellwied, R Bhagat, P Bhasin, A Bhatta, S Bhosale, SR Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Brandenburg, JD Broodo, C Cai, XZ Caines, H Sánchez, M Calderón de la Barca Cebra, D Ceska, J Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, YS Chang, Z Chatterjee, A Chen, D Chen, JH Chen, Q Chen, W Chen, Z Cheng, J Cheng, Y Christie, W Chu, X Corey, S Crawford, HJ Csanád, M Dale-Gau, G Das, A Lemos, D De Souza Deppner, IM Deshpande, A Dhamija, A Dimri, A Dixit, P Dong, X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-0735 Drachenberg, JL Duckworth, E Dunlop, JC El-Feky, YS Engelage, J Eppley, G Esumi, S Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fan, B Fatemi, R Fazio, S Feng, H Feng, Y Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flor, FA Fu, C Fu, T Gagliardi, CA Galatyuk, T Gao, T Gao, Y Garcia, G Geurts, F Gibson, A Giri, A Gopal, K Gou, X Grosnick, D Gu, A Gu, J Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamed, A Hamilton, RJ Han, J Han, X Harabasz, S Harasty, MD Harris, JW Harrison-Smith, H Havener, LB He, XH He, Y https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2p8vf The correlation between the mean transverse momentum, [p T], and the squared anisotropic flow, v n 2 , on an event-by-event basis has been suggested to be influenced by the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the variances and covariance of [p T] and v n 2 , along with their dimensionless ratio, for Au+Au collisions at various beam energies: s N N = 14.6, 19.6, 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV. Our measurements reveal a distinct energy-dependent behavior in the variances and covariances. In addition, the dimensionless ratio displays a similar behavior across different beam energies. We compare our measurements with hydrodynamic models and similar measurements from Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These findings provide valuable insights into the beam energy dependence of the specific shear viscosity (η/s) and initial-state effects, allowing for differentiating between different initial-state models. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2p8vf Tue, 4 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aboona, BE Adam, J Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, I Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Aitbayev, A Alekseev, I Alpatov, E Alshammri, AK Aparin, A Aslam, S Atchison, J Averichev, GS Bairathi, V Bao, X Barik, P Barish, K https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-0726 Behera, S Bhagat, P Bhasin, A Bhatta, S Bordyuzhin, IG Brandenburg, JD Brandin, AV Broodo, C Cai, XZ Caines, H De La Barca Sánchez, M Calderón Cebra, D Ceska, J Chakaberia, I Chang, YS Chang, Z Chatterjee, A Chen, D Chen, JH Chen, L Chen, Q Chen, W Chen, Z Cheng, J Cheng, Y Christie, W Chu, X Corey, S Crawford, HJ Dale-Gau, G Das, A De Souza Lemos, D Dedovich, TG Deppner, IM Derevschikov, AA Deshpande, A Dhamija, A Dimri, A Dixit, P Dong, X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-5906 Drachenberg, JL Duckworth, E Dunlop, JC El-Feky, YS Engelage, J Eppley, G Esumi, S Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fan, B Fang, Y Fatemi, R Fazio, S Feng, H Feng, Y Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flor, FA Fu, B Fu, C Fu, T Gao, T Gao, Y Garcia, G Geurts, F Gibson, A Giri, A Gopal, K Gou, X Grosnick, D Gu, A Gu, J Gupta, A Hamed, A Hamilton, RJ Han, J Han, X Harasty, MD Harris, JW Harrison-Smith, H Havener, LB He, XH https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90q6q1s0 Abstract Managing carbon stocks in the land, ocean, and atmosphere under changing climate requires a globally‐integrated view of carbon cycle processes at local and regional scales. The growing Earth Observation (EO) record is the backbone of this multi‐scale system, providing local information with discrete coverage from surface measurements and regional information at global scale from satellites. Carbon flux information, anchored by inverse estimates from spaceborne Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations, provides an important top‐down view of carbon emissions and sinks, but currently lacks global continuity at assessment and management scales (&lt;100&nbsp;km). Partial‐column data can help separate signals in the boundary layer from the overlying atmosphere, providing an opportunity to enhance surface sensitivity and bring flux resolution down from that of column‐integrated data (100–500&nbsp;km). Based on a workshop held in September 2024, the carbon cycle community envisions... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90q6q1s0 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Parazoo, N Carroll, D Abshire, JB Bar‐On, YM Birdsey, RA Bloom, AA Bowman, KW Braghiere, RK Bruhwiler, LM Byrne, B Chatterjee, A Crisp, D Duncanson, L Feldman, AF Fox, AM Frankenberg, C Gay, BA Hopkins, F https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7675 Hoffman, FM Holmquist, JR Hutyra, LR Keller, M Koven, CD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-0065 Laughner, JL Liu, J Lovenduski, NS Macbean, N McKinley, GA McNicol, G Menemenlis, D Michalak, AM Miller, CE Nesser, H Oda, T Ordway, EM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-1754 Ott, LE Paustian, K Pierrat, ZA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6726-2406 Poulter, B Reed, SC Schimel, DS Serbin, SP Saatchi, SS Suto, H Windham‐Myers, L Wunch, D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71k8c9hg Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a central component of Earth’s carbon cycle and one of the planet’s most chemically diverse pools, yet the molecular structures of its constituents remain largely unresolved. This limitation has hindered our ability to link DOM composition to microbial processes and ecosystem function. Here we present ENVnet, a global molecular repository built from tandem mass spectrometry data collected across 13 terrestrial and aquatic environment types, including 419 newly generated samples that expand publicly available DOM metabolomics data and cover previously underrepresented environments. By computationally deconvolving chimeric mass spectra, a longstanding challenge in environmental metabolomics, we recover high-quality fragmentation data for &gt;22,000 distinct molecular features (defined by a specific precursor mass and fragmentation pattern). Using ENVnet, we uncover conserved and environment-specific molecular patterns in DOM composition and underlying... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71k8c9hg Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bowen, Benjamin P https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-3958 Harwood, Thomas V de Raad, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-9198 Louie, Katherine B Kosina, Suzanne M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-1248 McMahon, Katherine D Taş, Neslihan Bouskill, Nicholas J Hazen, Terry C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-9993 Bench, Shellie R Mackelprang, Rachel Petras, Daniel Wang, Mingxun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-6097 Maestre, Fernando T Giovannoni, Stephen J Northen, Trent R https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-3259 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36z1x2w5 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to grow, while natural carbon reservoirs are becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, climate extremes, and disturbance. These changes are impacting humans, ecosystems, and natural resources worldwide. Tracking and mitigating GHG emissions require a pivot to operational monitoring of regional carbon flux and stock changes. The current GHG observing system is addressing needs at two distinct scales: 1) Local scale (&lt; 1&nbsp;km), related to anthropogenic point source emissions, and 2) global scales (&gt; 1000&nbsp;km), related to land and ocean carbon sinks. More focus on intermediate (10–1000&nbsp;km) scales is needed to more effectively monitor progress in reducing carbon emissions, enhancing removals, and maintaining sinks.Representatives from carbon cycle biomass and flux communities across United States government agencies and academic institutions met in September 2024 to discuss the rationale and scientific context... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/36z1x2w5 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Parazoo, NC Carroll, D Abshire, JB Bar-On, YM Birdsey, RA Bloom, AA Bowman, KW Braghiere, RK Bruhwiler, LM Byrne, B Chatterjee, A Crisp, D Duncanson, L Feldman, AF Fox, AM Frankenberg, C Gay, BA Hopkins, F https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7675 Hoffman, FM Holmquist, JR Hutyra, LR Keller, M Koven, CD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-0065 Laughner, JL Liu, J Lovenduski, NS MacBean, N McKinley, GA McNicol, G Menemenlis, D Michalak, AM Miller, CE Nesser, H Oda, T Ordway, EM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-1754 Ott, LE Paustian, K Pierrat, ZA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6726-2406 Poulter, B Reed, SC Schimel, DS Serbin, SP Saatchi, SS Suto, H Windham-Myers, L Wunch, D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kr434dp PURPOSE: Conventional arterial spin labeling (ASL) reconstruction suffers from sign-flipping errors and/or noise bias under strong background suppression (BS), limiting SNR optimization. We propose reference-superimposed reconstruction (RS-recon) to enable ideal BS and robust signal recovery. METHODS: RS-recon superimposes high-SNR M0 k-space data onto ASL k-space before reconstruction, with subsequent reference subtraction. Four volunteers underwent 3T scanning with pulsed ASL, pseudo-continuous ASL, and dual-module velocity-selective ASL across varying BS levels. RS-recon integrated reconstruction pipelines were compared to standard magnitude (Mag), complex subtraction (ComplexSub), and complex (Complex) reconstruction pipelines. The performance was evaluated by metrics including ASL signal, temporal SNR (tSNR), artifacts, misalignment robustness, and generalized auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) compatibility. RESULTS: RS-recon eliminated subtraction... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kr434dp Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Jia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-5857 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q2354ds INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoking has been implicated in an array of adverse health outcomes, including those that affect adult bone. However, little is known about the impact of tobacco products on developing bone tissue as it develops in the embryo. AIMS AND METHODS: Here, human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro and concomitantly exposed to various concentrations of smoke solutions from two conventional, one additive-free and two harm-reduction brands of cigarettes. Differentiation inhibition was determined by calcium assays that quantified matrix mineralization and compared to the cytotoxicity of the tobacco product. RESULTS: Exposure to mainstream smoke from conventional and additive-free cigarettes caused no inhibition of cell viability or mineralization, while sidestream smoke (SS) concentration-dependently produced cell death. In contrast, mineralization was inhibited only by the highest mainstream concentration of harm-reduction smoke solution.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q2354ds Wed, 29 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martinez, Ivann KC Sparks, Nicole RL https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6176-7895 Madrid, JV Talbot, Prue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8833-0845 Nieden, Nicole I zur