http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucsc_postprints/rss Recent eScholarship items from UC Santa Cruz Previously Published Works Tue, 1 Sep 2026 07:07:39 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pk772ns Constraints on Wilson coefficients (WCs) corresponding to dimension-6 operators of the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) are determined from a simultaneous fit to seven sets of CMS measurements probing Higgs boson, electroweak vector boson, top quark, and multijet production. Measurements of electroweak precision observables are also included and provide complementary constraints to those from the CMS experiment. The CMS measurements, using LHC proton-proton collision data at s=13Te$$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 36.3 or 138fb-1$$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$, are chosen to provide sensitivity to a broad set of operators, for which consistent SMEFT predictions can be derived. These are primarily measurements of differential cross sections which are parameterized as functions of the WCs. In measurements targeting t(t¯)X$${\text {t}} (\bar{\textrm{t}})\text {X} $$ production, SMEFT effects are modelled at the detector level. Individual... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pk772ns Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chekhovsky, V Hayrapetyan, A Makarenko, V Tumasyan, A Adam, W Andrejkovic, JW Benato, L Bergauer, T Damanakis, K Dragicevic, M Giordano, C Hussain, PS Jeitler, M Krammer, N Li, A Liko, D Mikulec, I Schieck, J Schöfbeck, R Schwarz, D Sonawane, M Waltenberger, W Wulz, C-E Janssen, T Kwon, H Van Laer, T Van Mechelen, P Bierkens, J Breugelmans, N D’Hondt, J Dansana, S De Moor, A Delcourt, M Heyen, F Hong, Y Lowette, S Makarenko, I Müller, D Tavernier, S Tytgat, M Van Onsem, GP Van Putte, S Vannerom, D Bilin, B Clerbaux, B Das, AK De Bruyn, I De Lentdecker, G Evard, H Favart, L Gianneios, P Khalilzadeh, A Khan, FA Malara, A Shahzad, MA Thomas, L Bemden, M Vanden Vander Velde, C Vanlaer, P Zhang, F De Coen, M Dobur, D Gokbulut, G Knolle, J Lambrecht, L Marckx, D Skovpen, K Van Den Bossche, N van der Linden, J Vandenbroeck, J Wezenbeek, L Bein, S Benecke, A Bethani, A Bruno, G Cappati, A De Jeneret, J De Favereau Delaere, C Giammanco, A Guzel, AO Jain Lemaitre, V Lidrych, J Mastrapasqua, P Turkcapar, S Alves, GA Coelho, E Silva, G Correia Hensel, C De Oliveira, T Menezes Herrera, C Mora Teles, P Rebello Soeiro, M Manganote, EJ Tonelli Pereira, A Vilela Júnior, WL Aldá Filho, M Barroso Ferreira Malbouisson, H Brandao Carvalho, W Chinellato, J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sb6m8r9 We present a comprehensive review of Fourier transform spectroscopy in the soft x-ray region, focusing on Mach-Zehnder interferometer configurations. This study evaluates advantages over traditional grating-based methods, including higher resolution potential (&gt;10,000) and rapid data acquisition. We examine historical implementations and their limitations, highlighting how recent advances in laser interferometry, mechanical stability, and detector technology may enable successful development. Through detailed simulations of interferometer schemes and beam splitter designs, we demonstrate how modern piezoelectric stages and feedback systems could overcome previous technical challenges. Applications for resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments at advanced light sources are discussed. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sb6m8r9 Sat, 29 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lindburg, Andrew Chen, Chuzida Ding, Honghe Glans, Per-Anders Islegen-Wojdyla, Antoine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-8387 White, Victor Goldberg, Kenneth A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-5780 Guo, Jinghua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-2172 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp890rp Use of Citizen Science, Social Media, and AI to Track White Whales in the Kingdom of Tonga and Australian Waters https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cp890rp Fri, 28 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Forrest, Alice Pirotta, Vanessa Cheeseman, Ted https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zc677r6 The Hoh rock assemblage of the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington, was Deposited in Eocene to Miocene time, and accreted, deformed, uplifted, and eroded by the late Miocene. Northeast-dipping fault zones within the Hoh are characterized by intensely deformed mud matrix mélange, and they range from ∼200 m to &gt;1,000 m thick; kinematic indicators within the matrix indicate thrusting to the west-southwest. Both hanging-wall and footwall sections are strongly folded and faulted. Wall-rock sections are lithostratigraphically distinct, with hanging walls composed of massive coarse sandstone and conglomerate, and footwall sections composed of thin- to medium- bedded sandstone and siltstone. Folds within the wall-rock sections are oblique to, and are truncated by, the later fault-zone mélanges, indicating that the fault zones postdate folding. Evidence of fluid involvement in the Hoh rocks includes petroliferous outcrops, carbonate and clay cement, and veins of carbonate and laumontite.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zc677r6 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 ORANGE, DANIEL L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 GEDDES, DUNCAN S MOORE, J CASEY https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t50c516 We used high‐resolution mapping to document 161 sites of potential fluid seepage on the shelf and slope regions where no geophysical seep indicators had been reported. Identified potential seabed seepage sites show both high‐backscatter anomalies and bathymetric expressions, such as pockmarks, mounds, and ridges. Almost all identified seabed features are associated with bright spots and flat spots beneath, as mapped within the 3‐D seismic grid. We obtained EM122 multi‐beam data using closely spaced receiver beams and 4–5 times overlapping multi‐beam swaths, which greatly improved the sounding density and geologic resolvability of the data. At least one location shows an acoustic plume in the water column on a 3.5 kHz profile, and this plume is located along a fault trace and above surface and subsurface seepage indicators. Fluid indicators are largely associated with folds and faults within the sediment section, and many of the faults continue into and offset the reflective basement.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t50c516 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kluesner, Jared W Silver, Eli A Bangs, Nathan L McIntosh, Kirk D Gibson, James Orange, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Ranero, Cesar R von Huene, Roland https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sj7q58q Diagrams and visualizations can be seen throughout educational materials, such that their presence is almost ubiquitous. The assumption is that including visualizations in lessons will lead to greater learning. In this paper, I review the psychological and educational literature to examine how the presence of visualizations influences learning in STEM fields. In particular, I examine how the effectiveness of a visualization depends on characteristics of the visualization, the learner, and the context. Characteristics of the visualization are important insofar as they highlight relevant information and reduce extraneous details. Learner characteristics influence how people learn with visualizations, but more work is needed to isolate these relations. The characteristics of the context are a critical but underexplored area in multimedia learning. This review highlights that visualizations are not universally helpful for learning, but rather their effect depends on a myriad of factors... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sj7q58q Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Menendez, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-5940 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98t3s4cx The Duck Creek mélange is one of a series of diapiric mud intrusions into the slope cover sequence of the Cascadia Accretionary Wedge. The diapir originated deep within the accreted Hoh sequences and has intruded approximately 1 km up into the 2–3 km thick Pliocene Quinault slope cover sequences at its current level of exposure in coastal seacliffs. Analyses of the geometry and kinematic indicators at the current exposure level strongly suggest that this part of the diapir intruded at a low angle to form an inclined sill or dyke-like body at least 0.5 km in diameter. Microstructural analysis indicates a zonation of deformational features between the core and margins of the diapir resulting from an evolving series of fabrics and the increasing concentration of strain towards the margins. Specifically, we interpret early independent particulate flow (IPF) fabrics as indicating deformation in a low effective stress environment with the possibility of turbulence during initial mobilization... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98t3s4cx Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Brown, Kevin M Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zt0w5ks Earth system feedbacks can amplify greenhouse gas forcing but are difficult to quantify, particularly on land where long palaeoclimate records are scarce. Here we reconstructed warm-season temperatures and vegetation at Lake Baikal, Russia, over the past 8.6 million years. We document gradual late Neogene cooling that was punctuated by an abrupt transition approximately 2.7 million years ago to severe cold temperatures during glacial periods. Forests were replaced by open steppe–tundra ecosystems and permafrost probably extended into South Siberia during these Early Pleistocene cold intervals. Compiled palaeobotanical data suggest this ecosystem turnover occurred throughout the Arctic and subarctic, although the timescale of these changes is less understood. Reconstructed Early Pleistocene glacial temperatures and vegetation resemble Late Pleistocene glacial periods at Lake Baikal, despite much warmer mean global temperatures in the Early Pleistocene. These geologic observations... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zt0w5ks Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Novak, Joseph B Prokopenko, Alexander A Tarasov, Pavel E Russell, James M Lindemuth, Emma R Shichi, Koji Kashiwaya, Kenji Peck, John Vachula, Richard S Swann, George EA Polissar, Pratigya J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ws222cj Abstract From 2015 to 2018, TGS conducted a comprehensive multiclient oil and gas seep mapping survey in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The basis for identifying seeps on the sea bottom was a high-resolution multibeam echosounder survey, mapping approximately 880,000&nbsp;km2 of the sea bottom deeper than 750&nbsp;m water depth, at a bathymetric resolution of 15&nbsp;m, and a backscatter resolution of 5&nbsp;m. We identified more than 5000 potential oil and/or gas seeps, and of those, we cored approximately 1500 for hydrocarbon geochemical analysis. The sea bottom features best related to hydrocarbon seepage in the GOM are high backscatter features, mud volcanoes, pock marks, brine pools, “popcorn” texture, fault traces, and anticlinal crests. We also tracked gas plumes in the water column back to the sea bottom to provide an additional criterion for hydrocarbon seepage. Cores from sea bottom targets recovered liquid oil, tar, and gas hydrates. Oil extract and gas analyses of samples... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ws222cj Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Decker, John Teas, Philip Orange, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Bernard, Bernie B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kb385tx High-resolution seafloor and sub-surface data were acquired as part of a site survey in Iskenderun Bay, SE Turkey to characterize the geohazards at the location of the proposed drilling site. A 3km×3km geophysical study reveals a pockmark field which trends NE and NNE, similar to the trend of major fault systems in the area. The pockmarks, with an average diameter of 35m, reach their highest density in the northern part of the detailed survey area, with 13features/km2. Acoustic anomalies in the seismic records (acoustic turbidity, blanking, enhanced reflectors) below the proposed drilling site indicated potential shallow gas beneath it. The local seismic anomalies (amplitude and frequency) parallel to stratigraphy were assigned a low gas risk. As a result of the active neotectonics in the area, the pockmark field presented a potential hazard for drilling at the original location. The geohazard study resulted in moving the proposed drilling site eastward to an area of fewer pockmarks,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kb385tx Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 García-García, Ana Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Maher, Norman M Heffernan, Adam S Fortier, Gary S Malone, Andy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dq5f159 High-quality reference genome assemblies have become essential for deepening our understanding of biodiversity, yet obtaining them for many species remains surprisingly challenging. Drawing on experiences from the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) community, we focus on permit and sample-handling procedures leading up to nucleic acid sequencing, covering tasks such as ensuring ethical and legal compliance, verifying accurate species identification, maintaining sample integrity during transport, and isolating high-quality DNA or nuclei. While many of the challenges and solutions we discuss are broadly relevant, our regulatory and logistical examples are primarily from Europe. By synthesising practical guidance, we highlight the crucial importance of taxonomic expertise, proper vouchering and biobanking, rigorous cold-chain management or alternative preservation methods, and emphasise adherence to packaging and shipping requirements for biological materials. We showcase examples... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dq5f159 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Reichel, Katja https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9052-3179 Pohjoismäki, Jaakko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-3610 Astrin, Jonas J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-1162 Böhne, Astrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-3115 Bortoluzzi, Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-6635 Bužan, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-5301 Del Campo, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5292-1421 Ciofi, Claudio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-8659 Di-Nizo, Camilla B https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-5994 Divakar, Pradeep K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-0124 Greve, Carola https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4993-1378 Hampl, Vladimír https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5430-7564 Hilgers, Leon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-2513 Laine, Veronika N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-7002 Leonard, Jennifer A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-7819 Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-1221 Lukić Bilela, Lada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-6284 Mazzoni, Camila J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-5427 McCartney, Ann M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3200 Melo-Ferreira, José https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-1908 Monteiro, Rita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-4474 Oomen, Rebekah A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-5592 Pavlek, Martina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6710-0581 Pimenta, João https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0989-8545 Rindos, Michal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-5157 Seehausen, Ole https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-1434 Tarieiev, Andrii https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-7746 Tomasello, Salvatore https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-1156 Vinnere Pettersson, Olga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5597-1870 Waterhouse, Robert M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-9052 Weber, Alexandra A-T https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7980-388X Zinenko, Oleksandr https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-9940 de Guttry, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-1200 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d56g32f We performed a multibeam survey of Eel Canyon, offshore northern California. The survey revealed a significant bend in the canyon that appears to be due to the oblique compressional tectonics of the region. A series of steps within a linear depression, ∼280 m above the canyon floor, extends from the canyon rim at this bend to the subduction zone and a distinct fan-like topographic rise. We hypothesize that the linear depression is a distributary channel and the steps are cyclic-step bedforms created by turbidity currents. Our interpretation indicates that turbidity currents are able to run up and overspill the 280-m-high canyon wall, resulting in a partial avulsion of the canyon and the construction of a fan lobe that is offset from the canyon mouth. Simple hydraulic calculations show that turbidity currents generated in the canyon head from failure of 2–3 m of material would be capable of partially overflowing the canyon at this bend, assuming steady-uniform flow, full conversion... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d56g32f Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lamb, Michael P Parsons, Jeffrey D Mullenbach, Beth L Finlayson, David P Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Nittrouer, Charles A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qs7p0hc Abstract Oil and gas seeps have been a key tool in hydrocarbon exploration since ancient times. Basin-wide reconnaissance exploration, focused on basic geology and identification of hydrocarbon seepage, has been typical of onshore basin analysis since the beginning of the petroleum industry. Since the discovery of marine chemosynthetic “cold seep” communities in the mid-1980s, and their association with offshore oil and gas seepage, the energy industry has been mapping seeps to target them for exploration and avoid them in development. For exploration, the successful sampling of oil or gas at the seafloor reduces exploration risk by demonstrating generative source rock, maturation, migration, and charge — all key data about the subsurface petroleum systems. In the marine environment, seep communities and associated diagenetic precipitates can modify the bathymetry and/or the backscatter and can be imaged by multibeam echo sounder (MBES). MBES can provide detailed bathymetry of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qs7p0hc Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Teas, Philip A Decker, John Gharib, Jamshid https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n38g7dg Sediment offscraping and accretion takes place predominantly by landward-vergent thrusting along most of the Oregon accretionary prism north of latitude 44°50'N. This indicates very low basal shear stress, probably due to near-lithostatic fluid pressure on the décollement horizon. Recent multichannel seismic and sidescan sonar studies have demonstrated the existence of an oblique, basement-involved, left-lateral strike-slip fault, termed the Wecoma fault. It cuts abyssal plain sediments and oceanic basement of the subducting plate. Where the Wecoma fault intersects the wedge thrust front at 45°09'N, accretion to the wedge occurs through an anomalous seaward-vergent thrust. Linear, fault-parallel erosional gullies, which trend obliquely across the slope on the seaward flank of the frontal anticline in the accretionary wedge, are interpreted as marking the surface traces of splays of the Wecoma fault. Data collected during six Alvin dives on and around these gullies demonstrate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n38g7dg Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 TOBIN, HAROLD J MOORE, J CASEY MACKAY, MARY E ORANGE, DANIEL L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 KULM, LAVERNE D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76t3w9cx Abstract Lipids are powerful tools for reconstructing paleoenvironments and geologic processes because of their ubiquity and preservation in the rock record. Traditionally, organic geochemistry studies are targeted analyses of known biomarker compounds with known responses to past environmental conditions or geologic processes. With the recent development of the lipidomics field in the biological sciences, there is an opportunity for non‐targeted analysis to identify new biomarkers. However, lipids in the rock record integrate processes from biologic to geologic (i.e., diagenesis, heating, catagenesis) resulting in more chemically complex matrices than biological samples. As non‐targeted “‐omics” approaches are transferred from biology and applied to sediment, soil, and rock samples to perform geolipidomics, they must be evaluated and potentially adapted for geologic samples. Here we compare four non‐targeted methods of extracting features consisting of a peak area and spectrum... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76t3w9cx Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Baker, MC Polissar, PJ Savage, HM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-7279 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7444d75s BACKGROUND: The accuracy of relative stopping power (RSP) is a critical aspect for safe treatment planning in proton therapy. Dual-energy CT (DECT) has the ability to estimate RSP more accurately than conventional single-energy CT (SECT) due to its improved material separation. RSP accuracy is commonly determined in homogeneous phantom material as it can be more challenging to determine in heterogeneous biological tissues. Proton CT (pCT) is a modality that directly determines RSP and can be used as a comparative benchmark for evaluating the RSP accuracy of DECT and SECT derived values across homogeneous and heterogeneous material. PURPOSE: In this study, DECT was compared to SECT in both homogeneous phantom inserts of known RSP and heterogeneous tissue samples of unknown RSP using pCT as a quantitative reference. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of DECT to improve RSP estimation over SECT in unknown RSP of heterogeneous tissues. METHODS: A variety of homogeneous... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7444d75s Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Hazel Qu, Yanling Li, Yang Dedes, George Stauffer, Maggie Johnson, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-3711 Deak, Paul Pankuch, Mark https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zk082kd Abstract Frictional heating causes a transient temperature rise in fault zones during earthquakes that leads to metamorphic reactions within the fault rocks. The products of these reactions provide potential evidence of earthquakes in both the outcrop and drill core. Clay minerals such as smectites are commonly found in faults. When heated, they experience a sequence of reactions with increasing temperature: dehydration, dehydroxylation, and decomposition. Clay reactions have been suggested as rock record evidence of past earthquakes, but whether these reactions are fast enough to occur over earthquake timescales (seconds‐minutes) depends on unknown reaction kinetics. We conducted ramped and isothermal heating experiments up to 900°C on smectite clays using in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to monitor reactions as they progressed. Dehydration was variable across experiments due to sensitivity to ambient humidity and therefore accurate kinetics could not be determined for this reaction.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zk082kd Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Krogh, Julia E Savage, Heather M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-7279 Williams, Randolph T Polissar, Pratigya J Rowe, Christie D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wz4z6rc A combination of geomorphological, seismic reflection and geotechnical data constrains this study of sediment erosion and deposition at the toe of the Cascadia accretionary prism. We conducted a series of ALVIN dives in a region south of Astoria Canyon to examine the interrelationship of fluid flow and slope failure in a series of headless submarine canyons. Elevated head gradients at the inflection point of canyons have been inferred to assist in localized failures that feed sediment into a closed slope basin. Measured head gradients are an order of magnitude too low to cause seepage‐induced slope failure alone; we therefore propose transient slope failure mechanisms. Intercanyon slopes are uniformly unscarred and smooth, although consolidation tests indicate that up to several metres of material may have been removed. A sheet‐like failure would remove sediment uniformly, preserving the observed smooth intercanyon slope. Earthquake‐induced liquefaction is a likely trigger for... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wz4z6rc Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McAdoo, Brian G Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Screaton, Elizabeth Lee, Homa Kayen, Robert https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t4395nq CRITICAL VALUES ROBUST TO P-HACKING https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t4395nq Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McCloskey, Adam Michaillat, Pascal https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rx38162 The need for quantifying and understanding the distribution of shallow gas is both of academic interest and of relevance to offshore facilities. The combination of seafloor mapping, subbottom profiling, and multi-channel seismic data can provide information on regions of possible shallow gas, where the gas impacts the acoustic properties of the host material and the seafloor. In this paper, we present two case studies – one academic and one industry – that evaluate the distribution of shallow gas in two field areas in the Mediterranean. In the first case study, geophysical data from Iskenderun Bay, southeastern Turkey, indicate the presence and distribution of shallow gas. Pockmarks on the seafloor are associated with acoustic wipeout in the shallow subbottom data. Although deeper seismic data do not show bright spots or other indicators of possible gas, instantaneous frequency analysis clearly shows laterally restricted anomalies indicating gas-rich zones. The interpretation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rx38162 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 García-García, Ana McConnell, Dan Lorenson, Tom Fortier, Gary Trincardi, Fabio Can, Emrah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mt6m2r6 Children's understanding of illness reflects their developing views of the biological world and predicts the protective measures they engage in. However, most of the research to date has focused on children from the communities surrounding research universities and as such might not provide a generalizable view of how children across the United States think about illnesses and viruses. This is of particular concern with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, as Black and Latinx communities experienced more hospitalizations and deaths, and rural conservative communities were the targets of misinformation. We examined beliefs about two illnesses (COVID-19 and the flu) in 5- to 12-year-old children (<i>N</i> = 313) and their parents (<i>N</i> = 194), from three different types of communities across the United States: university communities (<i>N</i>_children = 104; <i>N</i>_parents = 64), low-socioeconomic-status Black and Latinx communities (<i>N</i>_children... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mt6m2r6 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Menendez, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-5940 Dhaliwal, Tania Umscheid, Valerie Labotka, Danielle Gelman, Susan A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43q3n48d Evolution reflects a balance between innovation and constraint, often repurposing existing components in new contexts. Convergent evolution exemplifies this interplay, with similar traits evolving independently in different species, yet the genomic mechanisms enabling this repeatability remain poorly understood. Here, by analyzing 10 chromosome-scale genome assemblies, including seven newly generated, we found that the <i>S</i>-locus supergene (a cluster of tightly linked genes controlling a floral dimorphism called distyly) arose independently multiple times within the primrose family, Darwin's iconic system for studying distyly. In each case, the same gene was independently duplicated and co-opted. However, the resulting genomic architectures differed, ranging from hemizygous (present on one chromosome copy) to heterozygous (on both copies), challenging the prevailing view that hemizygosity is intrinsic to <i>S</i>-loci and suggesting alternative evolutionary routes to distyly... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43q3n48d Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Potente, Giacomo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-3952 Yousefi, Narjes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-1516 Choudhury, Rimjhim Roy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0499-4124 Grob, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-7383 Gavrilina, Irina A Keller, Barbara Mora-Carrera, Emiliano https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-4265 Szövényi, Péter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-4639 Stubbs, Rebecca L Weiss-Schneeweiss, Hanna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-6808 Temsch, Eva M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-9096 Schneeweiss, Gerald M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-3317 Hoffmann, Matthias H https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-9494 Formenti, Giulio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-5991 McCartney, Ann M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3200 Mouton, Alice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-8789 Leitão, Henrique G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-4590 Diedericks, Genevieve https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-8906 Svardal, Hannes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-7313 Diroma, Maria Angela Natali, Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-171X Ciofi, Claudio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-8659 Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0069-0430 Conti, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-2071 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4308z9vt California faces increasing economic and societal risks from extreme precipitation and flooding associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs) under projected twenty-first century climate warming. Lake sediments can retain signals of past extreme precipitation events, allowing reconstructions beyond the period of instrumental records. Here, we calibrate AR-related extreme precipitation from the last century to proxy data from lake sediments collected in the latitudinal zone of the highest frequency landfall for modern ARs in California. Excursions in erosional proxy data (Ti/Al) are positively and significantly correlated (rmedian = 0.45, pmedian = 0.04) with modern records of integrated vapor transport (IVT, kg&nbsp;m−1&nbsp;s−1), a key metric of AR intensity, using correlations that incorporate age-model uncertainty. Despite the land-use change near the study site, the data suggest intense and long-lasting AR storms are identifiable in this sedimentary record. These results allow... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4308z9vt Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Knight, Clarke A Wahl, David B Addison, Jason Baskaran, Mark Anderson, R Scott Champagne, Marie R Anderson, Lysanna Presnetsova, Liubov Caissie, Beth Starratt, Scott https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32j2h4hk We used long read sequencing data generated from Knightia excelsa, a nectar-producing Proteaceae tree endemic to Aotearoa (New Zealand), to explore how sequencing data type, volume and workflows can impact final assembly accuracy and chromosome reconstruction. Establishing a high-quality genome for this species has specific cultural importance to Māori and commercial importance to honey producers in Aotearoa. Assemblies were produced by five long read assemblers using data subsampled based on read lengths, two polishing strategies and two Hi-C mapping methods. Our results from subsampling the data by read length showed that each assembler tested performed differently depending on the coverage and the read length of the data. Subsampling highlighted that input data with longer read lengths but perhaps lower coverage constructed more contiguous, kmers and gene-complete assemblies than short read length input data with higher coverage. The final genome assembly was constructed into... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/32j2h4hk Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 McCartney, Ann M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3200 Hilario, Elena Choi, Seung-Sub https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7217-225X Guhlin, Joseph Prebble, Jessica M Houliston, Gary Buckley, Thomas R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-4234 Chagné, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-0694 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tk0p4sb Sea ice affects Earth's climate system on both regional and global scales. Its incorporation into climate can be used to achieve more accurate predictions of future climate. However, instrumental records of sea-ice concentration do not extend earlier than 1978. In an effort to extend this record, we constructed a proxy using the generalized additive model based on relative abundances of five easy-to-identify diatom species found in sediment samples across the Bering and Chukchi seas. Here we present the first quantitative diatom-based sea-ice proxy developed for Beringia. The developed proxy has been applied to two sediment cores in the Bering Sea ranging from 0 to 25.7&nbsp;ka (HLY0204 51JPC) and 369 to 430&nbsp;ka (IODP Exp 323 Site U1345) and one in the Chukchi Sea ranging from 2.7 to 10&nbsp;ka (HLY0204 24JPC). The obtained reconstructions of sea-ice concentrations are similar, but not identical to previously published qualitative and nearby records based on other proxies.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tk0p4sb Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nesterovich, Anna Caissie, Beth E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mn7n509 The European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) consortium aims to generate a reference genome catalogue for all of Europe's eukaryotic biodiversity. The biological material underlying this mission, the specimens and their derived samples, are provided through ERGA's pan-European network. To demonstrate the community's capability and capacity to realise ERGA's ambitious mission, the ERGA Pilot project was initiated. In support of the ERGA Pilot effort to generate reference genomes for European biodiversity, the ERGA Sampling and Sample Processing committee (SSP) was formed by volunteer experts from ERGA's member base. SSP aims to aid participating researchers through (i) establishing standards for and collecting of sample/specimen metadata; (ii) prioritisation of species for genome sequencing; and (iii) development of taxon-specific collection guidelines including logistics support. SSP serves as the entry point for sample providers to the ERGA genomic resource production infrastructure... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mn7n509 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Böhne, Astrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-3115 Fernández, Rosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4719-6640 Leonard, Jennifer A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-7819 McCartney, Ann M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3200 McTaggart, Seanna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-4785 Melo-Ferreira, José https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-1908 Monteiro, Rita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-4474 Oomen, Rebekah A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-5592 Vinnere Pettersson, Olga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5597-1870 Struck, Torsten H https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-6239 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k56832n Human astroviruses are a common cause of viral gastroenteritis and are often underdiagnosed. While infections are typically mild or asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts, astrovirus can cause prolonged and severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the clinical presentation of astrovirus infections in paediatric oncology patients. Our findings were compared to two groups: (1) norovirus infections in the same immunocompromised cohort, and (2) a cohort of immunocompetent children with and without diarrheal symptoms. Astrovirus was detected in 9.8% of immunocompromised patients, with prolonged shedding seen in multiple cases. Astrovirus infection was associated with an increased odds of diarrhoea, although this association weakened when adjusting for co-infections. In contrast, norovirus was not significantly associated with diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients, despite prolonged shedding in 24% of the cohort. High rates... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2k56832n Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Davis, Amy E Su, Yin Dallas, Ronald Freiden, Pamela Englund, Janet A Klein, Eileen J Hakim, Hana Hayden, Randall Maron, Gabriela Margolis, Elisa Tang, Li Cortez, Valerie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-5596 Schultz-Cherry, Stacey https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25j2k5x7 Measuring the financial value of nature is difficult, often resulting in insufficient funding directed to nature conservation and restoration. As coastal risks increase due to development and climate change, a tangible benefit of nature is the protection it offers against storm damage. Many studies from the risk industry and others assess the direct effects of wetlands for reducing damage during storms. However, the value of wetlands for coastal protection could extend to many other benefits, including home prices in areas where storms are common. We use property-level housing transaction data from Zillow and show that proximity to mangroves in Florida moderates home price decline and dispersion following major hurricanes. The effects are substantial in magnitude, reducing the probability of losing a quarter or more of the housing value by 2–7 percentage points, which corresponds to 20–40-thousand-dollar value for a million-dollar property, conditional on a hurricane. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25j2k5x7 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Teng Constantz, Brook Hale, Galina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-9730 Beck, Michael W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-9973 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zt614n0 In this article, we further develop the Riemann–Hilbert formalism introduced in our earlier work [Gharakhloo and Its, SIGMA 16 (2020), 100] for the asymptotic analysis of Toeplitz+Hankel determinants with distinct Toeplitz and Hankel symbols. In that work, we showed that the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem can be analyzed by the Deift–Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method under a special restriction on the winding numbers of the symbols. This restriction excludes several natural cases, including the zero–winding configuration for both ϕ and w. The main goal of the present paper is to extend the asymptotic analysis of Toeplitz+Hankel determinants to a broader class of winding–number configurations. As an application, we study the case associated with the Ising model on the zig–zag layered half–plane with critical boundary magnetic field, for which the winding numbers of the Toeplitz and Hankel symbols are 0 and −1, respectively. In this setting, we compute the asymptotics of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zt614n0 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gharakhloo, Roozbeh Its, Alexander https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z4021pq Learning, development, and response to instruction often involve changes in the strategies that learners use to solve problems. In this chapter, our focus is on mathematical problem solving in both children and adults. We offer a selective review of research on three classes of factors that may influence processes of strategy change in mathematical problem solving: contextual factors, individual factors, and metacognitive factors. Contextual factors involve information that learners encounter in the learning context, such as feedback about prior strategies and examples of alternative strategies. Individual factors involve the abilities, dispositions, and knowledge that learners bring to the learning context. Metacognitive factors involve knowledge about strategies and factors that affect the application of strategies-including perceptions of problem difficulty, confidence in the strategies one already knows, and judgments about the qualities of alternative strategies. These factors... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z4021pq Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Alibali, Martha W Brown, Sarah A Menendez, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-5940 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sb224d4 Abstract The extreme warmth of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 has been extensively studied in the terrestrial realm; however, less is known about its expression in the North Pacific. Here, we present a multiproxy record from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1339 in the southeastern Bering Sea (Umnak Plateau). We use sedimentology, diatoms, and organic geochemistry to reconstruct sea ice and primary productivity from the end of MIS 12 to the beginning of MIS 10 (430–368 ka) at this site. In late MIS 12, the Umnak Plateau experienced extensive seasonal sea ice cover, with spring sea ice concentration near 100%. Based on diatoms and ice-rafted debris, sea ice declined to year-round ice-free conditions during deglaciation but readvanced during the interglacial climatic optimum. In contrast, sea ice has not been present at the Umnak Plateau throughout the Holocene. During MIS 11, sea ice at this site may have persisted due to a more easterly and/or weaker Aleutian Low.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sb224d4 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Thompson, Natalie S Caissie, Beth E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1j6591n5 Abstract The successful sampling of seafloor oil and gas seeps can provide information on source rock, migration, maturation, and charge that can impact exploration decisions. Although 3D seismic data can be interpreted for potential seafloor seeps, multibeam can be acquired over larger areas at lower cost and in a shorter turnaround time, with bathymetry, backscatter, and water column imagery leading to the interpretation of potential seafloor seep targets. The use of multibeam-based exploration early in an exploration project can provide information on the petroleum systems in an area and also areas where no evidence of a petroleum system is present on the seafloor. We have developed case studies of block-specific seep hunting and regional multibeam surveys. For regional surveys, multibeam can be combined with 2D seismic data, ultrashort baseline (USBL)-positioned piston coring, heat flow, high-resolution subbottom profiles, marine gravity and magnetics, and core geochemistry... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1j6591n5 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Teas, Philip A Decker, John Gharib, Jamshid https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q3795f7 Like many of Earth's subtropical open ecosystems, the African savanna originated in the Miocene Epoch (23.0 to 5.3 Ma), one of the best historical analogs for future climate states. The first C₄ grass, C₃ tree, and shrub savanna developed in the subtropics after ~10 Ma in northwest Africa, but the terrestrial sedimentary record of the region is not well preserved, making it difficult to determine when, how, and why the African landscape opened. Here, we leverage plant-wax biomarkers extracted from the marine sedimentary archive to document the origination and history of open ecosystems through Miocene northwest Africa. We show that a C₃ grass-rich savanna with no modern analog replaced closed woodlands and forests during the middle Miocene (~15 to 14 Ma), a period of global cooling and aridification. This nonanalog ecosystem transitioned into the C₄ savanna in stages in the late Miocene (most rapidly between 7.4 to 6.4 Ma) as global... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q3795f7 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Schartman, Anna K Polissar, Pratigya J Strömberg, Caroline AE https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h48612z The diverse physiography of the Portuguese land and marine territory, spanning from continental Europe to the Atlantic archipelagos, has made it an important repository of biodiversity throughout the Pleistocene glacial cycles, leading to a remarkable diversity of species and ecosystems. This rich biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic drivers, such as climate change, invasive species, land use changes, overexploitation, or pathogen (re)emergence. The inventory, characterisation, and study of biodiversity at inter- and intra-specific levels using genomics is crucial to promote its preservation and recovery by informing biodiversity conservation policies, management measures, and research. The participation of researchers from Portuguese institutions in the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) initiative and its pilot effort to generate reference genomes for European biodiversity has reinforced the establishment of Biogenome Portugal. This nascent institutional network... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h48612z Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Marques, João P Alves, Paulo C Amorim, Isabel R Lopes, Ricardo J Moura, Monica Myers, Eugene Sim-sim, Manuela Sousa-Santos, Carla Alves, M Judite Borges, Paulo AV Brown, Thomas Carneiro, Miguel Carrapato, Carlos Ceríaco, Luís MP Ciofi, Claúdio da Silva, Luís P Diedericks, Genevieve Diroma, Maria Angela Farelo, Liliana Formenti, Giulio Gil, Fátima Grilo, Miguel Iannucci, Alessio Leitão, Henrique G Máguas, Cristina Mc Cartney, Ann M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3200 Mendes, Sofia L Moreno, João M Morselli, Marco Mouton, Alice Natali, Chiara Pereira, Fernando Rego, Rúben MC Resendes, Roberto Roxo, Guilherme Svardal, Hannes Trindade, Helena Vicente, Sara Winkler, Sylke Alvarenga, Marcela Amaral, Andreia J Antunes, Agostinho Campos, Paula F Canário, Adelino VM Castilho, Rita Castro, L Filipe C Crottini, Angelica Cunha, Mónica V Espregueira Themudo, Gonçalo Esteves, Pedro J Faria, Rui Rodríguez Fernandes, Carlos Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste Louro, Bruno Magalhaes, Sara Paulo, Octávio S Pearson, Gareth Pimenta, João Pina-Martins, Francisco Santos, Teresa L Serrão, Ester Melo-Ferreira, José Sousa, Vítor C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h4097hj New high-resolution CHIRP seismic data acquired along the Eel River margin, northern California, reveal that stratal architecture and sediment thickness of the Holocene transgressive deposits are, in large part, controlled by tectonic deformation and sediment supply. A thick (&gt;20m) transgressive deposit is observed across the Eel margin, a forearc basin that is undergoing active folding perpendicular to the coastline at rates of mm/yr. The transgressive deposits on the Eel margin exhibit marked variations in thickness alongshore; being thickest in the Eel River Syncline and thinnest over the Eureka Anticline. The divergent character of the infill in the syncline suggests that deposition is syntectonic. Fault displacement and structural relief observed along the transgressive surface are consistent with deformation rates measured onshore. The transgressive surface is offset ~0.5m across the Eureka Anticline suggesting deformation has been active since ~10ka. Two distinct acoustic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h4097hj Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hogarth, Leah J Driscoll, Neal W Babcock, Jeffrey M Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01p9b456 Author Correction: The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01p9b456 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mc Cartney, Ann M Formenti, Giulio Mouton, Alice De Panis, Diego Marins, Luísa S Leitão, Henrique G Diedericks, Genevieve Kirangwa, Joseph Morselli, Marco Salces-Ortiz, Judit Escudero, Nuria Iannucci, Alessio Natali, Chiara Svardal, Hannes Fernández, Rosa De Pooter, Tim Joris, Geert Strazisar, Mojca Wood, Jonathan MD Herron, Katie E Seehausen, Ole Watts, Phillip C Shaw, Felix Davey, Robert P Minotto, Alice Fernández, José M Böhne, Astrid Alegria, Carla Alioto, Tyler Alves, Paulo C Amorim, Isabel R Aury, Jean-Marc Backstrom, Niclas Baldrian, Petr Baltrunaite, Laima Barta, Endre BedHom, Bertrand Belser, Caroline Bergsten, Johannes Bertrand, Laurie Bilandija, Helena Binzer-Panchal, Mahesh Bista, Iliana Blaxter, Mark Borges, Paulo AV Dias, Guilherme Borges Bosse, Mirte Brown, Tom Bruggmann, Rémy Buena-Atienza, Elena Burgin, Josephine Buzan, Elena Cariani, Alessia Casadei, Nicolas Chiara, Matteo Chozas, Sergio Čiampor, Fedor Crottini, Angelica Cruaud, Corinne Cruz, Fernando Dalen, Love De Biase, Alessio del Campo, Javier Delic, Teo Dennis, Alice B Derks, Martijn FL Diroma, Maria Angela Djan, Mihajla Duprat, Simone Eleftheriadi, Klara Feulner, Philine GD Flot, Jean-François Forni, Giobbe Fosso, Bruno Fournier, Pascal Fournier-Chambrillon, Christine Gabaldon, Toni Garg, Shilpa Gissi, Carmela Giupponi, Luca Gomez-Garrido, Jessica González, Josefa Grilo, Miguel L Grüning, Björn Guerin, Thomas Guiglielmoni, Nadege Gut, Marta Haesler, Marcel P Hahn, Christoph Halpern, Balint Harrison, Peter W Heintz, Julia Hindrikson, Maris Höglund, Jacob Howe, Kerstin Hughes, Graham M Istace, Benjamin Cock, Mark J Janžekovič, Franc Jonsson, Zophonias O https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fb33781 Plastoquinone and ubiquinone play essential roles in the electron transport chains of chloroplasts and mitochondria by coupling electron transport to the transfer of protons across membranes. The energy of the resulting proton gradient is used to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all life. How did quinones first become involved in this process? We have detected several quinone compounds in carbonaceous meteorites that can transport protons in a liposome model system. It is possible that such compounds were available to transport protons in primitive versions of electron transport in early life. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fb33781 Sun, 23 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Deamer, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pz3r1sh A measurement of the associated production of a top-quark pair with the Higgs boson (tt¯H$$ t\overline{t}H $$) in multilepton final states is presented. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. Six final states defined by the number and flavour of reconstructed charged leptons are combined in a simultaneous likelihood fit to extract the tt¯H$$ t\overline{t}H $$ signal and constrain the most relevant backgrounds. The measured tt¯H$$ t\overline{t}H $$ cross-section normalised to Standard Model (SM) prediction is σtt¯H/σSM=0.63−0.19+0.20$$ {\sigma}_{t\overline{t}H}/{\sigma}^{\mathrm{SM}}=0.{63}_{-0.19}^{+0.20} $$. This result corresponds to an observed (expected) significance of 3.3σ (5.3σ). Additionally, two other fits are used to measure the tt¯H$$ t\overline{t}H $$ cross-section differentially in bins... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pz3r1sh Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Adam Bourdarios, C Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Ait Tamlihat, M Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Alexa, C Aleksandrov, IN Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Alvarez Fernandez, A Alves Cardoso, M Alviggi, MG Aly, M Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amor Dos Santos, SP Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Aperio Bella, L Apicella, M Appelt, C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9474w7zh This paper presents two searches for the electroweak production of higgsinos with compressed mass spectra using 140 fb−1 of s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are required to feature an energetic jet, large missing transverse momentum, and at least one low-momentum charged particle that serves as a candidate higgsino decay product. In the first search, targeting higgsino mass splittings in the range of 0.3–1 GeV, the higgsinos are expected to predominantly decay into pions that are identified as low-momentum charged particles with large transverse impact parameters due to the long higgsino lifetime (cτ ≈ ?(0.1–10 mm)), and neural networks are used to discriminate between signal and background processes. The second search targets larger mass splittings in the range of 1–3 GeV, where the higgsinos are expected to decay promptly into low-momentum leptons, one of which is identified by dedicated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9474w7zh Wed, 19 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Adam Bourdarios, C Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Ait Tamlihat, M Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Alvarez Fernandez, A Alves Cardoso, M Alviggi, MG Aly, M Amaral Coutinho, Y Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amor Dos Santos, SP Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9318f4d5 This Letter analyzes the sensitivity of event geometry estimators to the initial-state kinematics of hard scattering in proton–lead collisions. This analysis uses dijets as a proxy for the parton–parton scattering configuration, correlating it with event geometry estimators, namely the energy deposited in the Zero-Degree Calorimeter and the transverse energy recorded in the Forward Calorimeter in the Pb-going direction. The analysis uses data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider with a nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 56 nb − 1 . The jets are measured within the pseudorapidity interval −2.8  &lt;  η  &lt;  4.5, where positive η values correspond to the direction of the proton beam. Results are presented as a function of the Bjorken-x of the parton originating from the proton, xp . Both event geometry estimators are found to be dependent on xp , with the energy deposited in the Zero-Degree Calorimeter... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9318f4d5 Wed, 19 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mh4f656 A search for a pair of low-mass pseudoscalars a that promptly decay into τ-leptons is presented using 140 fb −1 of proton–proton collision data at 13 TeV centre-of-mass energy recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The result is used to place constraints on exotic decays of the Higgs boson into four τ-leptons, H→aa→τ+τ−τ+τ−. This search focuses on events with either one or two τ-leptons decaying into hadrons and neutrinos, and the remaining three or two τ-leptons decaying into either electron or muon and neutrinos. No significant excess is observed above the expected Standard Model background and upper limits at the 95% confidence level on B(H→aa→τ+τ−τ+τ−) are set ranging from 0.06 to 0.23, depending on the mass ma ranging from 15 to 60 GeV. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mh4f656 Wed, 19 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Collaboration, The ATLAS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63667427 A model-independent search for low-mass resonances decaying into pairs of oppositely charged muons is presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018. The search targets hypothetical dimuon resonances in the invariant mass range from 35 GeV to 75 GeV. The modelling of this mass region is particularly challenging for conventional analytic background parameterisations. To address this, a Gaussian process regression technique is used to model the background. The dimuon mass spectrum is analysed for potential signals, and no statistically significant excess is observed. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the fiducial production cross-section of new resonances decaying promptly into muons, ranging from 20 fb to 110 fb, depending on the resonance mass. These results are further interpreted in the context of dark-photon and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/63667427 Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Adam Bourdarios, C Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Ait Tamlihat, M Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Alvarez Fernandez, A Alves Cardoso, M Alviggi, MG Aly, M Amaral Coutinho, Y Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amor Dos Santos, SP Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Aperio Bella, L Apicella, M Appelt, C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/19t0t1kt Ecosystems are shaped by communities of microorganisms whose niches and impacts depend on functional profiles influenced by gene gains and losses. Culture-based experiments demonstrate that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can mediate gene flux, but quantitative understanding of these dynamics in natural systems remains limited. Here we develop and apply a systematic, meta-omic framework to investigate MGEs in a complex natural system using an 8-year soil time series collected at Stordalen Mire, in Sweden’s thawing permafrost margin. In this climate-critical peatland, we identify ~2.1 million MGE recombinases across 89 microbial phyla and assess ecological distributions, affected functions, past mobility and current activity. This revealed an active mobilome that shapes natural genetic diversity via differential impacts on major phyla and affects a wide range of functions, including metabolic genes involved in carbon flux and nutrient cycling. These findings and this analytic framework... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/19t0t1kt Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Guo, Jiarong Aroney, Samuel TN Domínguez-Huerta, Guillermo Smith, Derek Vik, Dean Owusu-Ansah, Carlos Pratama, Akbar Adjie Solonenko, Sergei Tian, Funing Howard-Varona, Cristina Zhong, Zhi-Ping Fofana, Aminata Smith, Garrett J Hodgkins, Suzanne B Cronin, Dylan Woodcroft, Ben J Tyson, Gene W Rich, Virginia I Sullivan, Matthew B Roux, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-5895 Bagby, Sarah C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1400q724 A search for resonant structures in the mass spectrum is performed using proton-proton collision data at , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of , recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The decay channels of and are analyzed. An excess near 6.9&nbsp;GeV is observed in both channels with a combined significance of . No significant signal is observed near 7.2&nbsp;GeV, and an upper limit on its yield relative to is provided. A simultaneous fit with the di- channel is carried out under assumptions regarding the resonance interferences, yielding a ratio of the partial decay widths between the and di- channels of for the resonance near 6.9&nbsp;GeV. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1400q724 Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j57g5tb Abstract The highest rates of piscivorous predation in the field have been recorded during crepuscular light levels associated with sunrise and sunset or artificial lighting at night (ALAN). Hypothetically, this occurs because, under low‐light conditions, prey lose the ability to visually sense and evade approaching predators, while predators maintain the ability to visually sense and attack prey. However, many prey fishes form social groups, where visually sensing and responding to one another is a key component of anti‐predator behaviours. Thus, for social prey, higher rates of predation under crepuscular conditions could additionally involve the deterioration of prey group behaviours with diminishing light. We conducted a laboratory study exposing groups of predator‐naïve, hatchery‐raised juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) to natural‐origin piscivorous largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) under one of three light treatments: ‘high’—representative of brighter... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j57g5tb Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Frey, Jessica R Burford, Benjamin P Robinson, Rebecca R Takata, Lance K Lehman, Brendan M Michel, Cyril J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1198-3837 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mg9n362 Genetic assessments serve as powerful tools to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on natural populations. In the Klamath River Basin, construction of four dams from 1912 to 1962 had a profound impact on the distribution of anadromous fishes, blocking access to over 751 river kilometers of critical habitat. To characterize the genetic diversity and connectivity among <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> in the basin prior to the historic removal of the four dams in 2024, we genotyped 2466 samples at 193 presumably neutral and 105 putatively adaptive markers. Using complementary population genetic analyses, we found a clear division between coastal and inland <i>O. mykiss</i> lineages located primarily downstream and upstream of the outlet of Upper Klamath Lake, and little genetic structure associated with dams. Further, we detected distinct inland and coastal genetic lineages upstream of the lake outlet supporting the hypothesis that ancestral inland <i>O. mykiss</i>... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mg9n362 Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 O'Malley, Kathleen G Hereford, Mark E Olsen, Kevin C Pearse, Devon E https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1934-6493 Tinniswood, William R Ramirez, Ben S Armstrong, Jonathan B Piotrowski, Stanley J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z20p5sx We use the Whale Safe initiative as a case study to investigate the efficacy of species distribution models (SDMs) for dynamic ocean management in a relatively data-rich context. This program combines SDMs, passive acoustic monitoring and opportunistic sightings data to help reduce whale-ship collisions off California, USA. Blue whale SDM predictions were significantly correlated with the <i>in situ</i> observations of whale presence (sightings and passive acoustic detections), suggesting that the model is a reliable source for indicating blue whale presence. We also demonstrated from this multiyear program the value of integrating multiple sources of inference (sightings, acoustics and SDMs) for achieving dynamic management. The results indicated the potential benefit of using validated SDMs in less data-rich regions to support dynamic ocean management when <i>in situ</i> real-time data sources are sporadic or unavailable. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6z20p5sx Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Nazario, Emily C Bailey, Helen Rhodes, Rachel Hazen, Elliott L Bograd, Steven J Sell, Austin McCauley, Douglas J Baumgartner, Mark F Sirovic, Ana Abrahms, Briana Seary, Rachel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xv4w516 Beyond the Ridge: Rethinking Thermal Windows in Beluga Whales https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xv4w516 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bartosik‐Velez, Sam Nazario, Emily C Reynolds, Amelia H Chambault, Philippine Kendall, Traci L Flammer, Katherine L Christen, Dennis R Williams, Terrie M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vg463v9 In acoustic remote sensing, the seabed frequency-domain reflection coefficient contains significant geoacoustic information, namely the depth and frequency dependence of sediment sound speed, density, and attenuation. Typical reflection measurements are performed with a towed source and/or receivers to obtain a range of seabed reflected angles. It is shown here that the measurements can be performed using a hull-mounted low-frequency multibeam sonar with an offboard fixed or drifting hydrophone. To obtain the reflection coefficient (as well as scattering strength and other quantities of potential interest), the multibeam sonar radiation pattern must be known. Radiation patterns and absolute levels of the Kongsberg SBP29 multibeam sonar are measured and reflection coefficient measurements are presented in two geologically dissimilar environments, the Eel River shelf, CA and the Santa Barbara Basin, CA. The reflection coefficient frequency and angle dependences are explored via... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vg463v9 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Holland, Charles W Henderson, Cody R Sonnemann, Tim Langli, Bjørnar Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sm7v3hn The RNA-binding protein La is found in most eukaryotes, and despite being essential in many organisms, its function is not completely clear. Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, encodes a 'classical' La protein (TbLa) composed of a La-motif, two RNA recognition motifs (RRM1 and RRM2α), a C-terminal short basic motif (SBM), and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). In T. brucei, like in most eukaryotes, position 34 of tRNATyr, -Asp, -Asn and -His is modified with queuosine (Q34). The steady-state levels of queuosine-modified tRNA in the insect form (procyclic) of T. brucei can fluctuate dynamically depending on growth conditions, but the mechanism(s) controlling Q34 levels are not well understood. A well-established function of La is in precursor-tRNA 3'-end metabolism, but in this work, we demonstrate that La also controls Q34-tRNA levels. Individual domain deletions showed that while deletion of La motif or RRM1 causes dysregulation of Q34-tRNA... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sm7v3hn Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gunaratne, Lankani Moore, Henry Albaum, Nicholas Casius, Ananth Henderson, Jeremy Kessler, Alan Hegedűsová, Eva Kulkarni, Sneha Arthur, Henry Ross, Robert L Paris, Zdeněk Maraia, Richard Lowe, Todd M Alfonzo, Juan D https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vr9q4bb UAV-Based Estimation of Fuel Structure and Dynamics in a California Canyon Fire Experiment https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vr9q4bb Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ren, Xiangyu Benterou, David Allen, Jannike Wilkin, Katherine M Brillon, Henri Clements, Craig B Yang, Bo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rc2w9k2 What lies underneath the ocean floor is of interest to a wide variety of disciplines. The focus here is imaging the upper tens of meters of material beneath the seafloor. The sub-bottom profiler is a valuable tool to that end, producing a 2-D image in depth below the seafloor and along the track of the ship. Geoscientists and engineers are frequently interested in not only the subseabed beneath the ship but also either side or cross-track of the ship. We show an approach to cross-track imaging using a low-frequency multibeam sub-bottom profiler. The main result is the detection of a buried 0.2-m diameter pipeline at a range of nearly 1-km cross-track from the ship in 230-m water depth. This is a swath width coverage of eight times the water depth or nominally an angular range of 76 from nadir. These results have implications not only for buried object detection but also for other potential applications including exploring seabed spatial variability. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rc2w9k2 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Holland, Charles W Pinson, Samuel Orange, Daniel L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-2515 Henderson, Cody R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1524x8cw Using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Milky Way Survey, we examine the six-dimensional space of the anticenter region of the Milky Way stellar disk (150° &lt; Galactic longitude &lt; 220°) using 61,883 main-sequence turnoff stars. We focus on two well-known stellar overdensities in the anticenter: the Monoceros Ring (MRi) and Anticenter Stream (ACS). We find that the MRi overdensity has kinematic signatures consistent with a tidally induced spiral arm, a type of dynamic spiral arm created by an interaction with a satellite galaxy, most likely the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr). We use the kinematics of the MRi to calculate the two most recent passage times of Sgr, finding 0.25 ± 0.09 Gyr and 1.10 ± 0.23 Gyr from the present day. We validate that the ACS is kinematically decoupled from the MRi because they are moving in opposite radial and vertical directions. We find that the kinematics associated with the ACS extends beyond our defined overdensity.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1524x8cw Tue, 4 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lambert, Mika https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-8899 Rockosi, Constance M Koposov, Sergey E Li, Ting S Valluri, Monica Beraldo e Silva, Leandro Li, Songting Amarante, João AS Byström, Amanda Medina, Gustavo E Sandford, Nathan R Najita, Joan Kizhuprakkat, Namitha Aguilar, Jessica N Ahlen, Steven Bianchi, Davide Brooks, David Claybaugh, Todd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-6987 Dawson, Kyle de la Macorra, Axel Doel, Peter Forero-Romero, Jaime E Gaztañaga, Enrique Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A Gutierrez, Gaston Joyce, Richard Kremin, Anthony https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-7424 Lamman, Claire Landriau, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-8528 Le Guillou, Laurent Manera, Marc Meisner, Aaron Miquel, Ramon Moustakas, John Myers, Adam Nadathur, Seshadri Percival, Will Prada, Francisco Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi Rossi, Graziano Sanchez, Eusebio Schlegel, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-5088 Schubnell, Michael Silber, Joseph H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-0320 Sprayberry, David Tarlé, Gregory Weaver, Benjamin A Zhou, Rongpu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-4372 Zou, Hu https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w98q4gh Dynamo States with Strikingly Different Symmetries Coexisting in Global Solar Simulations https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w98q4gh Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Toomre, Juri https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6t9226n5 Biofilm formation underlies the environmental persistence and transmission of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, the etiological agent of cholera. The Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS) is the principal structural component of the mature biofilm matrix, yet the enzymatic logic governing its assembly has remained incompletely defined. VPS is synthesized as two closely related polymers that share a tetrasaccharide repeat unit but differ at a single monosaccharide position. Here, we systematically define VPS assembly by integrating targeted gene deletions with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of lipid-linked intermediates, and comparative structural modeling of biosynthetic enzymes. Our results establish that VPS is produced through an ordered Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. VpsL functions as the initiating phosphoglycosyltransferase, generating bactoprenyl diphosphate-linked glucose. A VpsA/VpsB/VpsK module analogous to the enterobacterial common antigen machinery synthesizes and transfers... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6t9226n5 Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dooda, Manoj K Potapova, Anna Piepoli, Sofia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-9464 Vinogradov, Evgeny Yildiz, Fitnat H Troutman, Jerry M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mq701sx Adverse circumstances, such as extreme weather events, can cause significant disruptions to normal operation of electric distribution systems (DSs), which include isolating parts of the DS due to damaged transmission equipment. In this article, we consider the problem of load restoration in a microgrid (MG) that is islanded from the upstream DS. The MG contains sources of distributed generation, such as microturbines and renewable energy sources as well as energy storage systems (ESSs). We formulate the load restoration task as a nonconvex optimization problem. This problem embodies the physics of the MG by leveraging a branch flow model while incorporating salient phenomena in islanded MGs, such as the need for internal frequency regulation and complementarity requirements arising in ESS operations. Since the formulated optimization problem is nonconvex, we introduce a convex relaxation that can be solved through model predictive control as a baseline method. However, in order... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mq701sx Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bose, Shourya Zhang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-2676 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dq1b7rn <i>Wolbachia</i> is an obligate intracellular α-proteobacterium which commonly infects arthropods and filarial nematodes. Different strains of <i>Wolbachia</i> are capable of a wide range of regulatory manipulations in many hosts and modulate host cellular differentiation to influence host reproduction. The genetic basis for the majority of these phenotypes is unknown. The <i>wWil</i> strain from the neotropical fruit fly, <i>Drosophila willistoni</i>, exhibits a remarkably high affinity for host germline-derived cells relative to the soma. This trait could be leveraged for understanding how <i>Wolbachia</i> influences the host germline and for controlling host populations in the field. To further the use of this strain in biological and biomedical research, we sequenced the genome of the <i>wWil</i> strain isolated from host cell culture cells. Here, we present the first high quality nanopore assembly of <i>wWil</i>, the <i>Wolbachia</i> endosymbiont of <i>D. willistoni</i>.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dq1b7rn Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jacobs, Jodie Nakamoto, Anne Mastoras, Mira Loucks, Hailey Mirchandani, Cade Karim, Lily Penunuri, Gabriel Wanket, Ciara Russell, Shelbi L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-2740 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98c9b01v Simulations suggest most stars rotate like the Sun Stellar astrophysics https://escholarship.org/uc/item/98c9b01v Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9527v1kj The growing prevalence of extreme weather events driven by climate change poses significant challenges to power system resilience. Infrastructure damage and prolonged power outages highlight the urgent need for effective grid-hardening strategies. While some measures provide long-term protection against specific hazards, they can become counterproductive under conflicting threats. In this work, we develop an adaptive two-stage stochastic optimization framework to support dynamic decision-making for hardening critical grid components under multiple hazard exposures. Unlike traditional approaches, our model adapts to evolving climate conditions, enabling more resilient investment strategies. Furthermore, we integrate long-term (undergrounding) and short-term (vegetation management) hardening actions to jointly minimize total system costs. Extensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in reducing outage and repair costs while enhancing the adaptability... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9527v1kj Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chowdhury, Sifat Chen, Yihsu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-8232 Zhang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-2676 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77r1n6s5 Global hydrodynamic simulations of internal solar dynamics have focused on replicating the conditions for solar-like (equator rotating faster than the poles) differential rotation and meridional circulation using the results of helioseismic inversions as a constraint. Inferences of meridional circulation, however, have provided controversial results showing the possibility of one, two, or multiple cells along the radius. To help address this controversy and develop a more robust understanding of global flow regimes in the solar interior, we apply a “forward-modeling” approach to the analysis of helioseismic signatures of meridional circulation profiles obtained from numerical simulations. We employ the global acoustic modeling code GALE to simulate the propagation of acoustic waves through regimes of mean mass-flows generated by global hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic models: EULAG, the Pencil code, and the Rayleigh code. These models are used to create synthetic Dopplergram... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77r1n6s5 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Stejko, Andrey M Kosovichev, Alexander G Featherstone, Nicholas A Guerrero, Gustavo Hindman, Bradley W Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Warnecke, Jörn https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kv5432w Motivation: Existing pangenome file formats are designed for batch processing. Graphs must be loaded into memory, and alignment files must be read sequentially. Indexed file formats that can be used directly from disk would be more appropriate for interactive applications. Results: We propose GBZ-base and GAF-base - SQLite-backed file formats comparable to GBZ and GAF. GBZ-base supports efficient extraction of local subgraphs, and GAF-base lets us extract all alignments to the subgraph. Additionally, GAF-base is smaller than any other file format for sequence-to-graph alignments. Availability and implementation: From https://github.com/jltsiren/gbz-base and https://crates.io/crates/gbz-base under the MIT license. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kv5432w Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sirén, Jouni Paten, Benedict Consortium, the Human Pangenome Reference https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p27g6vw Traditional Knowledge Distillation (KD) transfers all outputs from a teacher model to a student model, often introducing knowledge redundancy. This redundancy dilutes critical information, leading to degraded student model performance. To address this, we propose Salient Feature Masking for Knowledge Distillation (SFKD), a lightweight enhancement that masks out less informative components and selectively distills only the top-K activations. SFKD is a drop-in modification applicable to both logit-based and feature-based KD, incurs negligible overhead, and sharpens the student’s learning signal. Empirically, SFKD yields consistent gains over strong KD baselines across architectures (ConvNeXt, ViT) and datasets (CIFAR-100: up to +2.43 pp; CUB-200: up to +6.39 pp; ImageNet-1K: up to +3.57 pp). We also provide intuition from the information bottleneck perspective to motivate why filtering out less salient teacher signals benefits the student. Overall, SFKD is a simple, empirically... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p27g6vw Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kembay, Assel Gunasekaran, Skye Zhu, Rui-Jie Zhang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-2676 Eshraghian, Jason K https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-4054 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zv1d3fj Convex relaxations and approximations of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem have gained significant research and industrial interest for planning and operations in electric power networks. One approach for reducing their solve times is presolving which eliminates constraints from the problem definition, thereby reducing the burden of the underlying optimization algorithm. To this end, we propose a presolving framework for convexified optimal power flow (C-OPF) problems, which uses a novel deep learning-based architecture called M o G E (Mixture of Gradient Experts). In this framework, problem size is reduced by learning the mapping between C-OPF parameters and optimal dual variables (the latter being representable as gradients), which is then used to screen constraints that are non-binding at optimum. The validity of using this presolve framework across arbitrary families of C-OPF problems is theoretically demonstrated. We characterize generalization in M o G E and develop a... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zv1d3fj Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bose, Shourya Chen, Kejun Zhang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-2676 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xz39329 Prosocial behaviors, helpful actions directed toward the well-being of others, are an essential component of social behavior. Adolescence is a particularly sensitive period for the development of social behaviors, yet how social experience during this window shapes prosocial behavior remains poorly understood. Here, we used behavioral assays to examine how social isolation at different ages affects emotional discrimination and affiliative helping behavior in mice of both sexes. We found that adult mice raised in social isolation since weaning failed to allogroom distressed conspecifics and were unable to distinguish stressed from unstressed mice in an emotional discrimination assay. Remarkably, two weeks of post-weaning social isolation was already sufficient to impair both emotional discrimination and prosocial allogrooming, and these deficits persisted despite two months of resocialization. In contrast, two weeks of adult social isolation spared emotional discrimination but... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xz39329 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Hyo Gun Lu, Ju Zuo, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-0003 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hc8c8n0 The optimal power flow (OPF) problem can be rapidly and reliably solved by employing responsive online solvers based on neural networks. The dynamic nature of renewable energy generation and the variability of power grid conditions necessitate frequent neural network updates with new data instances. To address this need and reduce the time required for data preparation time, we propose a semisupervised learning framework aided by data augmentation. In this context, ridge regression replaces the traditional solver, facilitating swift prediction of optimal solutions for the given input load demands. In addition, to accelerate the backpropagation during training, we develop novel batch-mean gradient estimation approaches along with a reduced branch set to alleviate the complexity of gradient computation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our neural network, equipped with the proposed gradient estimators, consistently achieves feasible and near-optimal solutions. These results... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hc8c8n0 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Kejun Bose, Shourya Zhang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-2676 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85n5q95j A combination of measurements sensitive to anomalous quartic electroweak gauge boson couplings is presented using proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at s = 13 TeV at the LHC. Contributing analyses include measurements of vector-boson scattering in numerous final states as well as a tri-boson measurement. The combined measurement is used to constrain anomalous electroweak boson quartic self-couplings that result from dimension-8 operators in the Éboli model using an effective field theory. Results are presented as 68% and 95% confidence level intervals parameterised by one or two Wilson coefficients, both with and without unitarity constraints applied. Theoretical bounds from unitarity and positivity are overlaid where relevant. Confidence intervals obtained from simultaneous profiled fits to all Wilson coefficients are also presented. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85n5q95j Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Almazan, ER Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio Apicella, M Appelt, C Apyan, A Arampatzi, M Val, SJ Arbiol https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c2186bf A measurement oftt¯production is presented in the invariant-mass region near the pair production threshold,mtt¯∼345 GeV, in final states with two charged leptons and multiple jets. The measurement is based on140fb-1of proton-proton collision data collected ats=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data are compared to two models oftt¯production: a baseline model including only perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) predictions for the hard process at approximate next-to-next-to leading order accuracy in the strong coupling, and an extended model that, in addition, incorporates non-relativistic QCD simulations that also include the formation of colour-singlet quasi-bound-states near thett¯threshold. The agreement between the data and the models is quantified via a profile-likelihood fit to the reconstructedmtt¯distributions, in bins of two angular observables sensitive to spin-correlations in thett¯system. An excess of events is observed over the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4c2186bf Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Collaboration, The ATLAS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d6426k8 A search is presented for the electroweak production of a top-quark pair in association with a boson and at least one additional jet known as the process. This process has embedded within it a -scattering vertex, which is probed directly for the first time. The collision data were collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of at . The search uses same-charge pairs of electrons and muons together with jets, of which at least one is -tagged. The properties of the most forward jet relative to the rest of the event are used to discriminate the electroweak production process from its strong production counterpart. A measured (expected) 95%&nbsp;CL upper limit on the cross section is set at (230&nbsp;fb), to be compared with the expected Standard Model (SM) cross section of 47.7&nbsp;fb. Limits are set on the SM effective field theory (EFT) operators and , which modify the electroweak couplings of the top quark through... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3d6426k8 Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22f784cm A search is presented for emerging jets using 140fb-1$$140~\textrm{fb}^{-1}$$ of proton–proton collision data at s=13TeV$$\sqrt{s} = 13~\textrm{TeV}$$, collected by the ATLAS experiment between 2015 and 2018. The search looks for the existence of a dark sector with symmetries similar to those in quantum chromodynamics. This dark sector is populated with dark quarks, which undergo showering similar to quarks in the Standard Model, leading to a high multiplicity of long-lived dark hadrons within a dark jet. These dark hadrons subsequently decay to Standard Model particles via a new heavy scalar mediating particle ϕ$$\phi $$. This results in jets which contain multiple displaced vertices, known as emerging jets. This analysis targets four-jet topologies, with two emerging jets and two Standard Model jets, resulting from the decay of pair-produced scalar mediators. No significant excess above the Standard Model background is observed. For dark pion proper decay lengths of 20mm$$20~\textrm{mm}$$,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/22f784cm Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Santos, SP Amor Dos Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02r956pv A combination of measurements of the properties of Higgs boson interactions with electroweak gauge bosons is presented, using of proton-proton collisions at recorded by the ATLAS detector. Results from vector boson fusion , inclusive , and channels are combined. No evidence of violation is observed, and constrains on the -violating operators in the Standard Model effective field theory framework (SMEFT) are set in the Warsaw basis. The results from the combination improve by over 40% on previous individual limits on and, for the first time, simultaneous constraints on three coefficients , , and are set. These limits are the most stringent constraints to date on the relevant Wilson coefficients in the SMEFT framework with minimum model dependence. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02r956pv Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Almazan, ER Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio Apicella, M Appelt, C Apyan, A Arampatzi, M Val, SJ Arbiol https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rw6m08v A search for Standard Model Higgs bosons produced in association with a high-energy photon and decaying to b b ¯ is performed using 133 fb − 1 of s = 13 TeV pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The photon requirement reduces the multijet background, and the H → b b ¯ decay is the dominant decay mode. Event selection requirements target events produced by vector-boson fusion, the dominant production mode in this channel. Several improvements enhance the search sensitivity compared to previous measurements. These improvements include better background modelling and characterization, the use of a neural-network classifier, and an updated signal extraction strategy adopting a direct binned-likelihood fit to the classifier output. With these improvements, the Higgs boson signal strength is measured to be 0.2 ± 0.7 relative to the Standard Model prediction. This corresponds to an observed significance of 0.3 standard deviations, compared... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2rw6m08v Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Ananiev, V Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7756f0dp SOF-E: An Energy Efficient Robot for Collaborative Transport and Placement of Mechanical Meta-Material Modules https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7756f0dp Thu, 23 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Moon, Inchul Sebastianelli, Frank Gregg, Christine Cheung, Kenneth https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9192d3bh We recently presented the first 3D numerical simulation of the solar interior for which tachocline confinement was achieved by a dynamo-generated magnetic field. In this follow-up study, we analyze the degree of confinement as the magnetic field strength changes (controlled by varying the magnetic Prandtl number) in a coupled radiative zone (RZ) and convection zone (CZ) system. We broadly find three solution regimes, corresponding to weak, medium, and strong dynamo magnetic field strengths. In the weak-field regime, the large-scale magnetic field is mostly axisymmetric with regular, periodic polarity reversals (reminiscent of the observed solar cycle) but fails to create a confined tachocline. In the strong-field regime, the large-scale field is mostly nonaxisymmetric with irregular, quasi-periodic polarity reversals and creates a confined tachocline. In the medium-field regime, the large-scale field resembles a strong-field dynamo for extended intervals but intermittently weakens... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9192d3bh Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Brummell, Nicholas H https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-5183 Hindman, Bradley W Toomre, Juri https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zf0p513 Comprehenders in many of the world's languages exhibit a preference or a greater ease in comprehending transitive relative clauses (RCs) when associating the dislocated head with a subject position. Some theories relate this preference to an early prediction that an animate head will serve as a subject. We present a picture selection experiment with eye-tracking investigating the role of such predictions in comprehending transitive RCs in Santiago Laxopa Zapotec, an Oto-Manguean language of southern Mexico where RCs are ambiguous unless they contain a resumptive pronoun. Patterns of offline choices and incremental looking suggest that Santiago Laxopa Zapotec comprehenders avoid forming predictive interpretations of the RC head, and do not take its animacy into account in early processing. Instead, comprehenders exhibit a later, animacy-sensitive bias to interpret the RC-internal co-argument as a subject. Overall, we take this pattern as evidence that a comprehender's structural... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zf0p513 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Duff, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-0717 Gomez-Jackson, Delaney Silva Robles, Fe Toosarvandani, Maziar Wagers, Matthew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-2380 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8v37m7b9 The dynamical origins of the Sun’s tachocline and near-surface shear layer (NSSL) are still not well understood. We have attempted to self-consistently reproduce an NSSL in numerical simulations of a solar-like convection zone by increasing the density contrast across rotating 3D spherical shells. We explore the hypothesis that high density contrast leads to near-surface shear by creating a rotationally unconstrained layer of fast flows near the outer surface. Although our high-contrast models do have near-surface shear, it is confined primarily to low latitudes (between ±15°). Two distinct types of flow structures maintain the shear dynamically: rotationally constrained Busse columns aligned with the rotation axis and fast, rotationally unconstrained downflow plumes that deplete angular momentum from the outer fluid layers. The plumes form at all latitudes and, in fact, are more efficient at transporting angular momentum inward at high latitudes. The presence of Busse columns... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8v37m7b9 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Hindman, Bradley W Toomre, Juri https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dw7w3rj A major outstanding problem in solar physics is the confinement of the solar tachocline, the thin shear layer that separates nearly solid-body rotation in the radiative interior from strong differential rotation in the convection zone. Here, we present the first 3D, global solar simulation that displays a magnetically confined tachocline. The nonaxisymmetric magnetism is initially built in the convection zone and then diffusively imprints downward, similar to the proposed fast magnetic confinement scenario by the Sun’s cyclic dynamo field. Additionally, the field is locally amplified throughout the radiative interior by vigorous horizontal motions that seem to arise from a combination of equatorial Rossby waves and shear, magnetic, and buoyancy instabilities. Our work thus supports prior studies proposing dynamo action in the radiative interior, and suggests that horizontal motions could play a key role in driving this deep dynamo. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dw7w3rj Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Hindman, Bradley W Featherstone, Nicholas A Blume, Catherine C Toomre, Juri https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76r5w1sw At the base of the Sun’s convective zone, a narrow shear layer called the tachocline separates strong latitudinal differential rotation above from nearly rigid rotation in the radiative zone below. The observed thinness of the tachocline is a long-standing dynamical puzzle because the tachocline should have spread significantly due to inward-burrowing meridional circulation, also called “radiative spreading.” We recently presented the first pair of global simulations to reveal a statistically stationary tachocline confined against radiative spreading by the Maxwell stresses from the large-scale nonaxisymmetric modes of a dynamo, which penetrated into and below the tachocline through a novel magnetic skin effect. In the work presented here, we systematically examine how this “dynamo confinement scenario” works against radiative spreading in a suite of simulations as the governing parameters trend in the direction of the true solar regime. We find that as the stable stratification... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76r5w1sw Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Korre, Lydia Brummell, Nicholas H https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-5183 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60m5607n Current state-of-the-art models of the solar convection zone consist of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in rotating, 3D spherical shells. Such models are highly sensitive to the choice of boundary conditions. Here we present two suites of simulations differing only in their outer thermal boundary condition, which is either one of fixed entropy (FE) or fixed flux (FF; corresponding to a fixed gradient in the entropy). We find that the resulting differential rotation is markedly different between the two sets. The FF simulations have strong differential rotation contrast and isocontours tilted along radial lines (in good agreement with the Sun’s interior rotation revealed by helioseismology), whereas the FE simulations have weaker contrast and contours tilted in the opposite sense. We examine in detail the force balances in our models and find that the poleward transport of heat by Busse columns drives a thermal wind responsible for the different rotation profiles. We conclude... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60m5607n Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Hindman, Bradley W Toomre, Juri https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sp4r3jx The solar tachocline is a thin internal boundary layer in the Sun located between the differentially rotating convection zone and the uniformly rotating region of the radiative interior beneath. E. A. Spiegel &amp; J. P. Zahn proposed the first hydrodynamical model, which here we call SZ92, arguing that the tachocline is essentially in a steady state of thermal-wind balance, angular-momentum balance, and thermal equilibrium. Angular momentum transport in their model is assumed to be dominated by strongly anisotropic turbulence, which is primarily horizontal, owing to the strong stable stratification of the radiative interior. By contrast, the heat transport is assumed to be dominated by a predominantly vertical diffusive heat flux, owing to the thinness of the tachocline. In this paper, we demonstrate that these assumptions are not consistent with the new model of stratified turbulence recently proposed by G. P. Chini et al. and K. Shah et al., which has been numerically validated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sp4r3jx Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Garaud, P Gough, DO Matilsky, LI https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gm2520x Recent observations of Rossby waves and other more exotic forms of inertial oscillations in the Sun’s convection zone have kindled the hope that such waves might be used as a seismic probe of the Sun's interior. Here, we present a 3D numerical simulation in spherical geometry that models the Sun’s convection zone and upper radiative interior. This model features a wide variety of inertial oscillations, including both sectoral and tesseral equatorial Rossby waves, retrograde mixed inertial modes, prograde thermal Rossby waves, the recently observed high-frequency retrograde (HFR) vorticity modes, and what may be latitudinal overtones of these HFR modes. With this model, we demonstrate that sectoral and tesseral Rossby waves are ubiquitous within the radiative interior as well as within the convection zone. We suggest that there are two different Rossby-wave families in this simulation that live in different wave cavities: one in the radiative interior and one in the convection... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gm2520x Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Blume, Catherine C Hindman, Bradley W Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4df6k721 The calling card of solar magnetism is the sunspot cycle, during which sunspots regularly reverse their polarity sense every 11 yr. However, a number of more complicated time-dependent behaviors have also been identified. In particular, there are temporal modulations associated with active longitudes and hemispheric asymmetry, when sunspots appear at certain solar longitudes or else in one hemisphere preferentially. So far, a direct link between this asymmetric temporal behavior and the underlying solar dynamo has remained elusive. In this work, we present results from global 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations, which display both behavior reminiscent of the sunspot cycle (regular polarity reversals and equatorward migration of internal magnetic field) and asymmetric, irregular behavior which we interpret as active longitudes and hemispheric asymmetry in the simulations. The simulations are thus bistable, in that the turbulent convection can stably support two distinct flavors... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4df6k721 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Matilsky, Loren I https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Toomre, Juri https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47b7s9rg The Puzzling Structure of Solar Convection: Window into the Dynamo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47b7s9rg Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Featherstone, Nicholas Anders, Evan H Augustson, Kyle C Aurnou, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8642-2962 Blume, Catherine Brown, Benjamin P Brummell, Nicholas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-5183 Burns, Keaton J Calkins, Michael A Camisassa, Maria Dikpati, Mausumi Fan, Yuhong Fuentes, JR Guerrero, Gustavo Hindman, Bradley W Julien, Keith Kitiashvili, Irina N Korre, Lydia Lecoanet, Daniel Manek, Bhishek Matilsky, Loren https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-6118 Nelson, Nicholas J Oishi, Jeffrey S Powers, Whitney T Rempel, Matthias Soderlund, Krista Vasil, Geoffrey M Stejko, Andrey M Miesch, Mark https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s5396b1 An End-to-End Pipeline to Generate Augmented Tactile Maps from Floor Plans https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3s5396b1 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Michelle, Quach James, Coughlan Dragan, Ahmetovic Matteo, Manzoni Sergio, Mascetti Manduchi, Roberto https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mj516k9 Protecting OSPF Against Cyber Attacks by Sharing a Few Large Integers Among Routers https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mj516k9 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Moghaddassian, Morteza Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2655p2mp A Cross-Layer Protocol for Decentralized Structured Nonorthogonal Access https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2655p2mp Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Mahdi Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zh9r7fc The angular distributions of Drell–Yan lepton pairs provide sensitive probes of the underlying dynamics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) effects in vector-boson production. This paper presents for the first time the measurement of the full set of angular coefficients together with the differential cross-section as a function of the transverse momentum of the W boson, in the full phase space of the decay leptons. The measurements are performed separately for the W-$$W^-$$ and W+$$W^+$$ channels. The analysis uses proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2017 and 2018, during special low-luminosity runs with a reduced number of interactions per bunch crossings (pile-up). The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 338&nbsp;pb-1$$^{-1}$$ at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13$$\sqrt{s} = 13$$&nbsp;TeV. The low pile-up environment provides excellent experimental conditions for high-precision measurements of W-boson production.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zh9r7fc Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Santos, SP Amor Dos Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pz1f4n5 The speckled dace, Rhinichtyhs osculus, is a cyprinoid fish species complex (family: Leuciscidae) with one of the widest native ranges of any freshwater fish in western North America. It occupies a variety of freshwater habitats and exhibits considerable morphological and genetic variation across its range. Several endemic taxa within the species complex are imperiled, four of which are protected under the US Endangered Species Act, with two more proposed for listing. Here, we present an annotated, scaffold-level assembly of the speckled dace genome as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). Consistent with the CCGP genome assembly strategy, we used Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and Omni-C data for our de novo genome assembly and performed genome annotations on NCBI Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline using novel, species-specific RNA-Seq reads generated from five tissue types. The assembly consists of 490 scaffolds totaling approximately 1.15 Gb,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pz1f4n5 Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Baker, Henry K Escalona, Merly https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-4777 Kinziger, Andrew P Rodzen, Jeff https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-8591 Parmenter, Steve Marimuthu, Mohan PA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-3286 Nguyen, Oanh Chumchim, Noravit Beraut, Eric Sacco, Samuel Seligmann, William Fairbairn, Colin W Cooper, Robert D Miller, Courtney Toffelmier, Erin Garza, J Carlos Shaffer, H Bradley Shurin, Jonathan B Rennison, Diana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-0743 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jx4n13j A search for the Higgs boson decay to a Z boson and a photon in the ℓℓγ ( ℓ = e , μ ) final state is performed using pp collisions at s = 13.6 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during 2022–2024, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 165 fb − 1 . The signal yield, normalised to the Standard Model prediction, is measured to be μ = 0 . 9 − 0.6 + 0.7 , compatible with the expected value of μ = 1.0 ± 0.7 . This corresponds to an observed (expected) signal significance of 1.4 (1.5) standard deviations under the background-only hypothesis. This result is combined with that of a similar search performed with 140 fb − 1 of s = 13 TeV pp collisions to provide the best expected sensitivity to date to this rare decay, namely an observed (expected) signal strength of μ = 1 . 3 − 0.5 + 0.6 ( μ = 1 . 0 − 0.5 + 0.6 ), corresponding to an observed (expected) significance of 2.5 (1.9) standard deviations. The measurement is consistent with the Standard Model... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jx4n13j Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hx6n35q Abstract. Nitrification is widely understood to be inhibited by light in the surface ocean, however, increasing evidence indicates its occurrence at low levels at many sites. The extent to which nitrification remains active in the euphotic zone could have important implications to new production calculations, yet it remains understudied. Here, we quantified ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates in the euphotic zone of the Gulf of Aqaba (Northern Red Sea) from late spring to late summer and examined environmental controls and implications for dark carbon fixation (chemoautotrophy) and new production. Both ammonia and nitrite oxidation were detectable throughout the euphotic zone (∼ 0.1–0.8 nmolNL-1d-1). Overall, rates were low in the highest-irradiance surface waters and increased with depth. Integrated rates over the entire euphotic zone (24–56 µmolNm-2d-1) were among the lowest reported for oligotrophic regions globally. This reflects extremely low substrate concentrations and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hx6n35q Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rahav, Eyal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-6684 Wankel, Scott D Paytan, Adina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4712 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gd937jf We present genome assemblies for two cyprinoid fishes, the tui chub (Siphateles bicolor) and the arroyo chub (Gila orcuttii). These fishes are ecologically important representatives of native fish assemblages in the western United States and are both species of conservation concern. The two species hybridize where introductions bring them into contact, with potentially important ecological and evolutionary implications that have not yet been thoroughly examined from a genomic perspective. We present de novo assemblies for both species, representing the first scaffold-level genomes within their respective genera, which were developed as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project using Pacific Biosciences HiFi and Omni-C data. Our tui chub assembly consists of 258 scaffolds spanning 1,148,084,093 base pairs, has a scaffold N50 of 45.9&nbsp;mb, a contig N50 of 23.7&nbsp;mb, and a BUSCO completeness score of 98.1%. Our arroyo chub assembly consists of 179 scaffolds spanning... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gd937jf Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Baker, Henry K Payne, Cheyenne Y Escalona, Merly https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-4777 Rodzen, Jeff Parmenter, Steve Barabe, Russell M Ingel, Claire Marimuthu, Mohan PA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-3286 Nguyen, Oanh Chumchim, Noravit Beraut, Eric Sacco, Samuel Seligmann, William Fairbairn, Colin W Cooper, Robert D Miller, Courtney Toffelmier, Erin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6028-8497 Garza, J Carlos Shaffer, H Bradley Rennison, Diana J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-0743 Shurin, Jonathan B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7891q392 A search for Higgs boson pair production in the b b ¯ γ γ final state is performed. The proton–proton collision dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 308 fb − 1 , consisting of two samples, 140 fb − 1 at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV and 168 fb − 1 at s = 13.6 TeV , recorded between 2015 and 2024 by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In addition to a larger dataset, this analysis improves upon the previous search in the same final state through several methodological and technical developments. The Higgs boson pair production cross section divided by the Standard Model prediction is found to be μ H H = 0 . 9 − 1.1 + 1.4 ( μ H H = 1 − 1.0 + 1.3 expected), which translates into a 95% confidence-level upper limit of μHH  &lt; 3.7. At the same confidence level the Higgs self-coupling modifier is constrained to be in the range − 1.6 &lt; κ λ &lt; 6.6 ( − 1.8 &lt; κ λ &lt; 6.9 expected). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7891q392 Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55d1x3hq The intra-host composition of horizontally transmitted microbial symbionts can vary across host populations due to interactive effects of host genetics, environmental, and geographic factors. While adaptation to local habitat conditions can drive geographic subdivision of symbiont strains, it is unknown how differences in ecological characteristics among host-symbiont associations influence the genomic structure of symbiont populations. To address this question, we sequenced metagenomes of different populations of the deep-sea mussel <i>Bathymodiolus septemdierum</i>, which are common at Western Pacific deep-sea hydrothermal vents and show characteristic patterns of niche partitioning with sympatric gastropod symbioses. <i>Bathymodiolus septemdierum</i> lives in close symbiotic relationship with sulfur-oxidizing chemosynthetic bacteria but supplements its symbiotrophic diet through filter-feeding, enabling it to occupy ecological niches with little exposure to geochemical reductants.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/55d1x3hq Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Breusing, Corinna Xiao, Yao Russell, Shelbi L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-2740 Corbett-Detig, Russell B Li, Sixuan Sun, Jin Chen, Chong Lan, Yi Qian, Pei-Yuan Beinart, Roxanne A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4240c2h4 When a treatment operates through an indirect pathway by influencing a mediator, it is plausible that individuals differ in the magnitude or even the presence of mediation effects they experience. Despite this, standard practice in causal mediation analysis is to marginalize over individual-level mediation effects, typically assuming no effect heterogeneity or only coarse differences across observed groups. In this paper, we examine how mediation effects may vary across both observed groups and unobserved subpopulations and assess the consequences of misspecifying this heterogeneity. Using a simulation study, we evaluate the performance of two existing causal mediation approaches and demonstrate how mediation effect estimates can be misleading when the underlying heterogeneity structure is ignored or incorrectly modeled. Our results show that failing to account for mediation effect heterogeneity can lead to substantial bias, with estimated mediation effects that are not simple... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4240c2h4 Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kim, Hanna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-1045 Kim, Jee-Seon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xc477kn In genetic conflicts between intergenomic and selfish elements, driver and killer elements achieve biased survival, replication, or transmission over sensitive and targeted elements through a wide range of molecular mechanisms, including mimicry. Driving mechanisms manifest at all organismal levels, from the biased propagation of individual genes, as demonstrated by transposable elements, to the biased transmission of genomes, as illustrated by viruses, to the biased transmission of cell lineages, as in cancer. Targeted genomes are vulnerable to molecular mimicry through the conserved motifs they use for their own signaling and regulation. Mimicking these motifs enables an intergenomic or selfish element to control core target processes, and can occur at the sequence, structure, or functional level. Molecular mimicry was first appreciated as an important phenomenon more than twenty years ago. Modern genomics technologies, databases, and machine learning approaches offer tremendous... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xc477kn Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Russell, Shelbi L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-2740 Penunuri, Gabriel Condon, Christopher https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ts7x7mj All plants and animals are host to a community of microorganisms, their microbiotas, which have crucial influences on the life history and performance of their hosts. Despite the importance of such host–microbiota relationships, relatively little is known about the role microbiotas have in mediating evolution of the host and entire host–microbe assemblages. This knowledge gap is partly due to the lack of theoretical frameworks that generate testable predictions on the evolutionary dynamics of host–microbiota systems. In this Perspective, we argue that the foundation for such frameworks exists in evolutionary theory. We highlight four examples of theoretical models—niche construction, indirect genetic effects, maternal effects and multilevel selection—that capture important aspects of host–microbiome evolution. We outline how each of these frameworks can provide key insights into the evolution of host–microbiota systems while also suggesting expansions of current theory to incorporate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ts7x7mj Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Week, Bob Russell, Shelbi L https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-2740 Schulenburg, Hinrich Bohannan, Brendan JM Bruijning, Marjolein https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m0886ws The production of single top quarks and top antiquarks via the t-channel exchange of a virtual W boson is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The full Run 2 data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector in the years 2015–2018 is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The absolute and normalised production cross-sections are measured differentially as a function of the transverse momentum and absolute rapidity of the top quark and top antiquark. In addition, the ratio of top quark to top antiquark production cross-sections is measured. The measured distributions are compared with next-to-leading-order quantum chromodynamics predictions obtained with different combinations of matrix-element generators, parton-shower programs and proton parton distribution functions, as well as to next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations. Overall, good agreement is observed between the measurements and the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m0886ws Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Adam Bourdarios, C Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Ait Tamlihat, M Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Alexa, C Aleksandrov, IN Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Alvarez Fernandez, A Alves Cardoso, M Alviggi, MG Aly, M Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amor Dos Santos, SP Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d54z52n The inclusive top quark pair (tt¯$$t\bar{t}$$) cross-section σtt¯$$\sigma _{t\bar{t}}$$ has been measured in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV$$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV}$$, using 140fb-1$$140\,{\text {fb}^{-1}} $$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Using events with an opposite-charge eμ$$e\mu $$ pair and b-tagged jets, the cross-section is measured to be: σtt¯=829.3±1.3(stat)±8.0(syst)±7.3(lumi)±1.9(beam)pb,$$\begin{aligned} \sigma _{t\bar{t}} &amp; = 829.3\pm 1.3\,\mathrm {(stat)}\ \pm 8.0\,\mathrm {(syst)}\ \pm 7.3\,\mathrm {(lumi)}\ \\ &amp; \quad \pm 1.9\,\mathrm {(beam)}\,\textrm{pb}, \end{aligned}$$where the uncertainties reflect the limited size of the data sample, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity, and the proton beam energy, giving a total uncertainty of 1.3%. The result is used to determine the top quark pole mass via the dependence of the predicted cross-section on mtpole$${m_{t}^\textrm{pole}}$$,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d54z52n Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c4417gm Advances in organoid-on-chip technology are transforming culturing methods by enabling precise control over biochemical environments and sustained nutrient delivery. Conventional methods for assessing organoid health are invasive, requiring skilled manual handling and sacrificing the tissue for analysis. We present a fully automated, integrated system for noninvasive extraction, labeling, and optical analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by 3D organoid cultures. EVs contain important molecular biomarker cargo, such as nucleic acids and proteins, enabling real-time insight on the health of their cell of origin. Using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) optofluidic biosensor, we demonstrate: (1) optical detection of single EVs derived from organoid culture; (2) on-chip sample processing and counting of single EVs; and (3) automating conditioned media delivery, on-chip sample preparation, and optical detection of EVs in a single integrated system. Together, these results showcase... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c4417gm Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Losakul, Ravipa Voitiuk, Kateryna Xu, Ruiting Seiler, Spencer T Yurevych, Viktor Yuzvinsky, Thomas D Wang, Andy Paar, Ivana Haussler, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-4575 Salama, Sofie R Teodorescu, Mircea Schmidt, Holger https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0158h3rb A search for the resonant production of a heavy scalar X decaying into a lighter scalar S and a Higgs boson, through the process X → S ( → b b ¯ ) H ( → γ γ ) , where the two photons are consistent with the Higgs boson decay, is performed. The search is conducted using integrated luminosities of 140 and 59 fb − 1 of proton–proton collision data at centre-of-mass energies of 13 and 13.6 TeV, respectively, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search is performed over the mass ranges of 170  ≤  mX  ≤  1000 GeV and 15  ≤  mS  ≤  500 GeV. No significant excess over the Standard Model background predictions is observed and limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of cross section and branching fraction for the process X → S ( → b b ¯ ) H ( → γ γ ) at 13 TeV, ranging from 9 fb to 0.06 fb. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0158h3rb Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dc5c0s4 This paper presents the first measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy coefficients , which quantify the -order Fourier modulation of charged-particle azimuthal distributions, for in and collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2025. The coefficients are measured as a function of transverse momentum ( ), collision centrality, and event multiplicity. They are extracted using two complementary methods: two-particle correlations with a template-fit subtraction of short-range nonflow contributions, and four-particle subevent cumulants, which intrinsically suppress nonflow effects and provide sensitivity to flow fluctuations. The results show a clear hierarchy and a nonmonotonic dependence on , reaching a maximum around , consistent with trends observed in heavy-ion collisions. Detailed comparisons between the two collision systems reveal an enhanced in central collisions, consistent with theory expectations based on the predicted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dc5c0s4 Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F