http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucsd_aep_mcnair_challenger/rss Recent eScholarship items from Challenger: A McNair Scholars Paper Series Thu, 30 Jul 2026 12:18:11 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90f1j3vq This study researches the e!ect of inclusive language when used in online bias reporting mechanisms as defined by forms-based data intake webpages specifically, and how it increases or decreases the reporting of these incidents. In dialog with prior research, a correlation has been found where victims are more inclined to report bias and feel more encouraged to report such incidents when inclusive language is used. Non-reporting can also be based on fear of reprisal or vaguely worded privacy statements. Title IX regulations delineate data privacy requirements and, as such, are a valuable educational resource in best practices for data collection and dissemination. ADA Law, enacted in 1990, has roots deeply embedded in the fair housing, civil rights, and disability rights movements, which serve to ban bias, harassment, or discrimination based on race, ethnic origin, sex, or ability. Guidelines from these laws, along with a comparison of the University of California at San Diego... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90f1j3vq Wed, 6 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Ingram, Elizabeth E. Carver, Leslie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73m1x2sc Anthropogenic climate change is warming our oceans and thus has the potential to dramatically alter marine ecosystems. Recent ocean temperatures have been shown to impact the distribution and availability of prey species, which may lead to periodic or permanent range shifts of the predators relying on them. Since seabirds are solely dependent on marine prey, changes in seabirds’ distribution may be valuable alerts for ecosystem health. We expand upon previous investigations of range and seabird community composition within the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) form 1980-2017 by selecting a “warm water” and “cool water” seabird species. We investigated these potential trends in Craveri’s murrelets (CRMU), the “warm water” species, and ancient murrelets (ANMU), the “cool water” species, as their northern and southern range, respectively, overlap in the southern CCE region. They are comparable in size, natural history, and prey type. We hypothesized that the trends in their distribution... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73m1x2sc Wed, 6 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Halliman, Karina Russell, Tammy Vernet, Maria https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nb743pr Over the past century, carbon emissions have continuously spiked to new levels every year. Subsequently the need for renewable and sustainable energy to be implemented into various industries is necessary now more than ever. The aviation sector is no exception; it remains one of the most popular forms of travel. Thus, it is crucial to consider its part in both carbon and overall emissions on a global scale. This report entails a comparative assessment of the benefits and flaws associated with aviation along with the advancement of incorporating sustainable aircraft technology. Additionally, I will be paying close attention to the patterns air travel emissions follow with respect to contributions from overall global emissions. Different forms of primary energy such as biofuels, electricity, and electrofuels are considered to analyze the benefits of their implementation. I also focus on methods of combustion, aerodynamics, design, and overall performance to aid me in comparing time... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nb743pr Wed, 6 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Carreon, Jonathan Zhu, Qiang https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11093367 Mind, Body, and (De)Mystic: Indigenous Epistemologies in K-Ming Chang’s Magical Realist Short Fiction  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11093367 Wed, 6 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Ady, Elisa Mendoza, Andrea https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75s3g91b Changing environmental conditions constitutes one of the greatest threats to human health by reducing agricultural yields and exacerbating the burden of undernutrition. Mozambique is a region characterized by a high dependence on agricultural productivity and an increasing prevalence of climate shocks in the form of droughts and floods. Low food availability as a result of changing environmental conditions can impair child development and long-term agricultural productivity, thus necessitating e!orts to understand and protect children’s health. Women’s empowerment is strongly associated with children’s nutritional status, such that disparities in maternal autonomy and educational attainment may explain variations in climate-related vulnerabilities in this regional context. The purpose of this research is to determine the extent climate shocks are associated with child undernutrition among di!erent populations in Mozambique by focusing on droughts and floods during the main crop... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75s3g91b Thu, 16 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Villanueva, Marinelle Dimitrova, Anna Benmarhnia, Tarik https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wp8b3jj This research seeks to examine memoir writing as an extension of expressive writing, which can be used to alleviate the psychosocial e!ects of intergenerational trauma, namely sociocultural dislocation and a lack of agency. With a detailed analysis of two memoirs – In the Dream House by Carmen Maria Machado and Crying in H Mart by Michelle Zauner – in relation to the scholarship on intergenerational trauma and writing, I demonstrate that memoir writing can act as a long-form, communal version of expressive writing, which can help a person su!ering from the e!ects of inherited trauma to reclaim their unique narrative and to begin to restore an individual connection to their cultural history. Throughout both works in memoir, the cra" and storytelling choices that Machado and Zauner make allow them to engage with their trauma in a meaningful process of creation, organization, and transformation. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wp8b3jj Thu, 16 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Hagi-Mohamed, Fartoon Jed, Stephanie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dw3k0fh Within the multi-tones of blue that dress the waters of the Pacific Ocean lies Guåhan, the southernmost and largest island in the Mariånas archipelago. Guåhan and the other fourteen islands that make up this crescent chain are the collective ancestral homelands of the Indigenous Chamorus. Within Western hegemony, stories about Guåhan and Chamorus are inextricably rooted in a deeply colonial past and present. What began as Spanish “discovery” in 1521 turned into three-hundred years of theft of native land and livelihood. What began as Japanese “occupation” in 1941 turned into three years of unjustified violence and death of thousands of Chamorus. What began (and remains) as the facade of American “liberation” during World War II resulted in the division of the Mariåna Islands into the territorial and commonwealth statuses of Guåhan and the Northern Mariåna Islands, respectively—euphemisms for what can be concisely defined as white settler colonialism of Indigenous lands. These... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dw3k0fh Thu, 8 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000 San Nicolas, Ha’ani Lucia Falo https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pm2t2vp Neuro-cognition is our brain’s ability to perform context-appropriate cognitive functions, such as paying attention and maintaining information in working memory, which are associated with specific neural activations. The ability to generate context-appropriate, neuro-cognitively optimal responses to stressful life hardships is a shared aspect of resiliency across all races and ethnicities. We studied how resilience influence neuro-cognitive abilities and if a relationship exists with race and ethnicity. A series of rapid game-like, objective assessments were used to measure internal attention, working memory, distractor processing and emotion processing. We collected demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) and measured resilience using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). We used generalized linear mixed models to probe the association of demographic factors including race and ethnicity, and resilience with neuro-cognitive performance.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pm2t2vp Wed, 7 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Montoya, Morgan Grennan, Gillan Mishra, Jyoti https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mj8m3qp One of the most efficient methods to learn a second language (L2) is through immersion in a country where that language is spoken. What aspects of language immersion enable adult learners to acquire an L2 more efficiently? An obvious consequence of immersion is more frequent and varied exposure to the L2, but another possibility is that immersion makes it easier to inhibit the first language (L1). If so, learning an L2 would involve cognitive mechanisms that lead to some benefits but also produce some cost to the learner, and if so, it would be of interest to know exactly how and to what extent does immersion negatively impact the learner? In this study, we tested a group of eleven English-speaking college students learning Italian through a study abroad program in Rome, Italy for a period of eight weeks. We predicted that language immersion would reduce fluency in the L1, in order to obtain the benefit of acquiring greater gains in fluency in the L2. To test this, participants... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mj8m3qp Wed, 7 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Santacruz, Jasmin Hernandez Gollan, Tamar H. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ww0v5j2 Assigning and reviewing homework as a strategy to help clients gain therapeutic skills is a common technique used across a variety of evidence-based practices (EBPs) and has been shown to improve therapy outcomes for children and youth. However, in studies characterizing routine psychotherapy delivered in community mental health settings, homework is rarely used in sessions. While some therapist and client level predictors of EBP strategy use have been identified in routine psychotherapy (e.g. client stressors, therapists’ attitudes towards EBPs) it is unknown what is associated with community mental health therapists using homework in the increasingly common context of system-driven implementation of multiple EBPs. To identify predictors of therapists’ use of homework, 680 videos of sessions with 274 clients were collected from 103 therapists (of which 55% were Hispanic) providing children’s mental health services through the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health (LACDMH).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ww0v5j2 Wed, 1 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Corona, Alexis J Motamedi, Mojdeh Lau, Anna S Brookman-Frazee, Lauren https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9js9p7vv This research examines the criminalization of Black girls in K-12 schools in the United States and presents possible solutions to the issue. A series of interviews conducted with Black girls and women who attended elementary, middle, and high school throughout the United States were used to develop the following research. The interviews were semi-structured with a set of questions surrounding the interviewees’ relationships with school professionals, their experience with in-school discipline, and their sense of belonging within the school setting. Interviewees o en expanded on the set questions with in-depth anecdotes of their personal experiences and what they witnessed in school. The interview responses were used to understand what experiences Black girls are having in school in relation to discipline; in addition, Black Critical Theory was used to further analyze and explain the recurring anti-Black treatment targeted towards Black girls. Interviews repeatedly revealed that... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9js9p7vv Wed, 1 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Stith Gambles, Jzov https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gc2w3mc The present qualitative study aims to understand how Latino/Hispanic herea er referred to as Latinx, parent involvement is different or similar among first- and second-generation college students in how they experience higher education and how parental education impacts the use of student support services. Hence, supporting Latinx student retention by developing university and parental relationships. Second-generation college students and Latinx parents were unable to be included in the study because of their scarcity or hesitation of participating. Therefore, participants included a convenience sample of six first-generation undergraduate students from a 4-year institution. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain their stories of parental involvement and student involvement. Results suggest that (1) first-generation college students experience a hands-off involvement from parents, however, they enjoyed the freedom this brought, (2) Latinx parents might have a misunderstanding... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gc2w3mc Wed, 1 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gonzalez Herrera, Monica A