http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 Recent ucsdsom items https://escholarship.org/uc/ucsdsom/rss Recent eScholarship items from School of Medicine Mon, 10 Aug 2026 22:34:58 +0000 Multiple recurrences of postmenopausal endometriosis associated with estrogen pellet therapy: clinical implications for hormone therapy and surgical management. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ns6m6f0 OBJECTIVES: To challenge the perception that endometriosis uniformly regresses after menopause by presenting the case of repeated, pathology-confirmed symptomatic recurrences spanning two decades after menopause, and to emphasize key considerations for hormone therapy use and surgical management in postmenopausal endometriosis. METHODS: We report the case of a 70-year-old postmenopausal patient with prior hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, appendectomy, and pathology-confirmed endometriosis who presented with pelvic pain while receiving subcutaneous estrogen pellet therapy. Preoperative imaging was suggestive of recurrent endometriosis. The patient underwent laparoscopic excision for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, with final pathology confirming recurrent disease. Written informed consent was obtained for publication of this case report and use of de-identified clinical images. A focused narrative literature review was performed to contextualize this case within... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ns6m6f0 Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wu, Esther Nassar, Daniel T https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-8945 Ginn, Daniel N Romeroso, Brianne D No Significant Association Between Perioperative Serum Sodium and Intestinal Anastomotic Leaks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ss2f01r Background Anastomotic leakage (AL) rates have been reported as high as 40% with associated mortality approaching 27%. Non-osmotic activation of vasopressin may result in hyponatremia. It has been suggested that perioperative sodium changes may function as an inexpensive and widely available biomarker for early identification of AL. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024522436). English language observational studies were eligible regardless of publication date. Methodological quality was evaluated using the QUADAS 2 tool. Quantitative synthesis was conducted using Meta Mar version 3.5.1. Results Among 121 screened records, five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. One study demonstrated a high risk of bias related to patient selection, while the remaining studies were assessed as low risk across all evaluated domains. The combined cohort included 2,034 patients, with AL occurring in 188 individuals (9%). Although all... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ss2f01r Sat, 8 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sadiq, Kaiser O'Sahil https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5050-6626 Castillo, Eugenia Auxiliadora Marquez Cota, Patricia Ruiz Fontaine-Nicola, Andres Eisenstein, Samuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-0625 Lopez, Nicole Autologous Fat Grafting For Perianal Fistula in Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cp0j9sc Lay Summary This is the first case report of a patient undergoing successful autologous fat grafting for an anal fistula in the setting of Bechet’s disease. We demonstrate that this can be done safely and successfully after optimization of the underlying disease. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cp0j9sc Sat, 8 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sadiq, Kaiser O’Sahil https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5050-6626 Dobke, Marek Krzysztof Boland, Brigid S Lopez, Nicole Eisenstein, Samuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-0625 Apple Vision Pro as a Wearable Display for Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Surgical Experience, Efficiency, and Cost https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rn9c071 Objective To evaluate the Apple Vision Pro (AVP), a wearable spatial computing headset, as the primary intraoperative display for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), assessing operative efficiency, ergonomics, cognitive workload, and cost. Design Consecutive, non-randomized comparative study at a single academic center, following institutional review board approval. Subjects and Controls Thirty-two consecutive endoscopic DCR procedures were analyzed: 16 with the AVP and 16 size-matched controls. Two fellows were the primary surgeons; three attending surgeons assisted. Methods Endoscopic DCR for primary unilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction was performed using either the AVP or a traditional tower-mounted monitor for intraoperative visualization. Outcomes were operative time, functional success, intraoperative complications, surgeon-reported ergonomics, and perceived workload measured with the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). An exploratory cost analysis was also performed.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rn9c071 Wed, 5 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jalbout, Nahia Dib El Bansal, Rolika Shoji, Marissa K Cheng, Sarah D'Urso, Alessia Hosalkar, Hetal H Liu, Catherine Y Dediu, Horace Korn, Tommy S Kikkawa, Don O Broderick, Ryan Korn, Bobby S Simultaneous Presentation of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema in a Set of Monozygotic Twin Elite Maritime Warfare Candidates: A Novel Case Report https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tk1563x Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is an incompletely understood condition that is often seen in U.S. special operations candidates participating in maritime qualification training courses. We present a case of two monozygotic twins with the simultaneous onset of acute respiratory distress during a crucible event of a maritime assessment and selection course. Subsequent pulmonary ultrasonography in both candidates showed wedge-shaped hyperechoic lines (B-lines) extending from the pleural interface into the interstitium. Chest radiography of both candidates revealed bilateral asymmetric hazy opacities consistent with SIPE. Both candidates recovered with supportive measures but were medically removed from training. Given the near-identical exposures of the candidates to the same ambient and water temperatures, duration of water submersion, magnitude of physical stressors, and viral colonization, this case study suggests that there may be underlying genetic factors, in addition... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tk1563x Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 A., Tovar Matthew Boswell, Gilbert Sebreros, Benjamin A Non-Invasive Gas Exchange Monitor To Assess Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gj1b11n Introduction: Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) occurs in physically demanding environments. SIPE has been identified among U.S. Naval Special Warfare (NSW) candidates, risking trainees' lives or, less severely, preventing them from completing training. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and chest X-ray. The MediPines gas exchange monitor AGM-100 is a noninvasive diagnostic tool approved by the FDA and used in hospital settings. This study aimed to assess noninvasive physiological parameters and evaluate the use of the AGM-100 in NSW candidates with SIPE. Methods: In this observational study, eighteen subjects were tested (nine with confirmed SIPE). Data on a noninvasive surrogate for oxygen deficit, based on end-tidal oxygen (EtO₂),carbon dioxide (EtCO₂), and SpO₂ were collected. Chest X-rays (CXR) were graded for interstitial and airspace edema. Results: Subjects with confirmed SIPE displayed an oxygen deficit (28.1 ± 12.9 mm Hg), while eight of nine subjects without... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gj1b11n Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ahmed, Yousef Lindholm, Peter Bartlett, Nick Tripp, Michael Boswell, Gil Volk, Charles A28-19 A Comparative Study of Lung Ultrasound and Chest X-Ray Findings in Military Trainees With Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7df8z2vw Abstract Rationale Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a condition characterized by acute pulmonary symptoms during strenuous water activities, notably affecting military trainees and open-water swimmers. Unilateral pulmonary edema, often on the dependent side during lateral or side-down positions, suggests gravitational and regional perfusion influences. While chest x-ray (CXR) and lung ultrasound (LUS) are utilized for diagnosis, their comparative effectiveness, particularly in detecting lateralization, remains underexplored. The primary aims of this study are to compare CXR and LUS findings in patients with SIPE, determine whether the dependent side in water while performing combat sidestroke (CSS) correlates with unilateral imaging findings, and explore any differences in detection between these modalities. Addressing these objectives may improve diagnostic precision, deepen understanding of SIPE’s underlying mechanisms, and guide more effective management of affected... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7df8z2vw Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sebreros, BA Boswell, G Lussier, AL Lindholm, P Ellis, A Hughes, S Incidence of Respiratory Pathogens in Naval Special Warfare Sea, Air, and Land Team Candidates With Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p9171jj BACKGROUND: Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a respiratory condition frequently seen among Naval Special Warfare (NSW) trainees. The incidence of positive respiratory panel (RP) findings in trainees with a diagnosis of SIPE currently is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does a significant difference exist in the incidence of respiratory pathogens in nasopharyngeal samples of NSW candidates with SIPE and a control group? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical information from NSW Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) team candidates with a diagnosis of SIPE over a 12-month period. Candidates who demonstrated the common signs and symptoms of SIPE underwent a nasopharyngeal swab and RP test for common respiratory pathogens. SIPE diagnoses were supported by two-view chest radiography. RP tests were obtained for a selected control group of first-phase trainees without SIPE. RESULTS: Forty-five of 1,048 SEAL team candidates received a diagnosis of SIPE (4.3%). Five had... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6p9171jj Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sebreros, Benjamin A Wisniewski, Piotr Lindholm, Peter Boswell, Gilbert E Volk, Charles G Severe Left Ventricular Dilation in an Active Duty Athlete With Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Aortic Regurgitation https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fc8425q Severe Left Ventricular Dilation in an Active Duty Athlete With Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Aortic Regurgitation https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6fc8425q Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fenequito, Robert L Harrell, Travis E Boswell, Gilbert E Russell, Matthew C The University of California San Diego Post-Treatment Glioblastoma (UCSD-PTGBM) annotated multimodal MRI Dataset https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66w5w496 We present the University of California San Diego post-treatment glioblastoma (UCSD-PTGBM) annotated multimodal MRI dataset. The UCSD-PTGBM dataset includes 243 timepoints on 178 subjects with histopathologically-proven glioblastoma who were imaged with an advanced brain tumor protocol on 3 Tesla MRI scanners. Sequences include standard 3D imaging, as well as multishell diffusion (Restricted Spectrum Imaging, RSI) and perfusion imaging techniques (Arterial Spin Labelling, ASL and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast, DSC), and neuroradiologist approved voxelwise tumor segmentations for both traditional segmentation masks and cellular tumor segmentations. The dataset also includes isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status and O6-methylguianine-DNA methyl-transferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status, as well as overall survival and progression free survival information for a subset of cases. We hope that researchers around the world will use these data to continue to improve analysis... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66w5w496 Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gagnon, Louis Gupta, Diviya Nguyen, Uyen Correia de Verdier, Maria Saluja, Rachit Mastorakos, George White, Nathan Goodwill, Vanessa McDonald, Carrie R Beaumont, Thomas Conlin, Christopher https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-8702 Seibert, Tyler M Hattangadi-Gluth, Jona Kesari, Santosh Schulte, Jessica D Piccioni, David Schmainda, Kathleen M Farid, Nikdokht Dale, Anders M Rudie, Jeffrey D Laterality of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema During Combat Sidestroke Assessed by Lung Ultrasound and Chest Radiography https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24g3921p BACKGROUND: Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) causes acute respiratory symptoms during strenuous water activities and has been described in military trainees and open-water swimmers. Although SIPE typically presents bilaterally, asymmetric cases may relate to swimmer position. Chest x-ray (CXR) and lung ultrasound (LUS) are used in the clinical evaluation of SIPE, but whether they show similar edema lateralization patterns relative to swimmer position is unclear. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Is edema laterality in SIPE associated with dependent body position during combat sidestroke (CSS)? When CXR and LUS are obtained during the same SIPE episode, do they show similar edema lateralization patterns? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 91 SIPE episodes in 82 maritime trainees. Clinical records, CXR, and LUS were reviewed to characterize edema laterality on a five-point ordinal scale. Agreement between CXR and LUS laterality scores was assessed with Cohen's weighted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24g3921p Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sebreros, Benjamin A Boswell, Gilbert E Lussier, Anna Hughes, Stephen M Lindholm, Peter Incidence and Impact of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema on Navy SEAL Candidates https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kj1078d BACKGROUND: Respiratory complications such as swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) are a common feature of United States Navy Special Warfare (NSW) training. RESEARCH QUESTION: This study was designed to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of SIPE seen in this population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective, observational review of all NSW candidates over a 15-month period was designed. Baseline height, weight, and ECG data were obtained. Candidates with respiratory issues were evaluated with a two-view chest radiograph and ECG while symptomatic and were closely followed up. The chest radiograph and clinical data were then independently reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 2,117 NSW candidates participated in training during the study period, with 106 cases of SIPE identified (5.0%). Ten additional cases of SIPE were repeat episodes in candidates already diagnosed. Forty-four cases of pneumonia were identified (no repeat cases). The majority had cough (90.4%), frothy-pink... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kj1078d Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Volk, Charles Spiro, Jeffrey Boswell, Gilbert Lindholm, Peter Schwartz, Julia Wilson, Zenus Burger, Sara Tripp, Michael The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge Meningioma Radiotherapy (BraTS-MEN-RT) dataset https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05c7x6js Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, frequently requiring radiotherapy as a part of management. Effective radiotherapy planning for meningiomas necessitates accurate and consistent segmentation of target volumes on MRI, a process that is complex, labor-intensive, and dependent on expert expertise. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge Meningioma Radiotherapy (BraTS-MEN-RT) Dataset addresses this problem by providing the largest multi-institutional collection of systematically annotated radiotherapy planning MRIs for meningiomas. Publicly accessible, this dataset comprises 570 radiotherapy planning 3D T1-weighted post-contrast MRIs at native resolutions, with 500 cases featuring expert-annotated gross tumor volumes (GTV). Annotations follow standardized radiotherapy planning protocols and include both intact and postoperative meningioma cases, ensuring wide clinical relevance. Contributions from seven diverse medical centers across the United States... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05c7x6js Sun, 2 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000 LaBella, Dominic Schumacher, Katherine Mix, Michael Leu, Kevin McBurney-Lin, Shan Nedelec, Pierre Villanueva-Meyer, Javier Raleigh, David R https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-7493 Shapey, Jonathan Vercauteren, Tom Chia, Kazumi Ivory, Marina Barfoot, Theodore Al-Salihi, Omar Leu, Justin Halasz, Lia M Velichko, Yury Wang, Chunhao Kirkpatrick, John P Floyd, Scott R Reitman, Zachary J Mullikin, Trey C Vaios, Eugene J Bagci, Ulas Sachdev, Sean Hattangadi-Gluth, Jona A Seibert, Tyler M Farid, Nikdokht Puett, Connor Pease, Matthew W Shiue, Kevin Anwar, Syed M Faghani, Shahriar Taylor, Peter Warman, Pranav Albrecht, Jake Jakab, András Moassefi, Mana Chung, Verena Chai, Rong Aristizabal, Alejandro Karargyris, Alexandros Kassem, Hasan Pati, Sarthak Sheller, Micah Maleki, Nazanin Saluja, Rachit Kofler, Florian Schwarz, Christopher G Lohmann, Philipp Vollmuth, Phillipp Gagnon, Louis Adewole, Maruf Hongwei B, Li Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi Tahon, Nourel H Anazodo, Udunna Moawad, Ahmed W Menze, Bjoern Linguraru, Marius G Aboian, Mariam Wiestler, Benedikt Baid, Ujjwal Conte, Gian-Marco Rauschecker, Andreas M Nada, Ayman Abayazeed, Aly H Huang, Raymond de Verdier, Maria Correia Rudie, Jeffrey D Bakas, Spyridon Calabrese, Evan Emerging roles of the cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in ovarian cancer. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77b7j33j Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the sixth most common gynaecological cancer in the UK, accounting for over 200,000 deaths worldwide. Cancerous Inhibitor of Phosphatase 2&nbsp;A (CIP2A) is an oncoprotein and an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A. CIP2A is a key regulator for cellular processes (e.g. proliferation, DNA damage) and is involved in the progression of many malignancies. In this study we provide a comprehensive overview of its role in OvCa making use of in silico tools, clinical samples and in vitro models. CIP2A is overexpressed in OvCa patients, with metastatic patients having significantly higher expression when compared to patients with malignant and benign ovarian tumours. High CIP2A expression reduces both overall-and progression-free survival, whereas an R530T mutation is predicted to cause structural destabilisation of the CIP2A dimer. We also provide evidence for microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA target interactions with CIP2A. Finally, we have studied the effects of CIP2A inhibition... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77b7j33j Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Filipe, Alice Saravi, Sayeh Mustafov, Denis Panfilov, Suzana Banger, Simran Mousavikivaj, Seyedehnajmeh Braoudaki, Maria Kailasam, Senthilkumar Riazalhosseini, Yasser Sahai, Michelle Drenos, Fotios Sisu, Cristina Karteris, Emmanouil Lisocabtagene maraleucel combined with ibrutinib in R/R CLL or SLL: primary results from TRANSCEND CLL 004. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tc4m34b Patients in the liso-cel plus ibrutinib cohort of the phase 1/2, open-label TRANSCEND CLL 004 study had relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and received liso-cel (50×106 [dose level (DL)1] or 100×106 [DL2] chimeric antigen receptor-positive T cells) with concurrent ibrutinib from enrollment through 90 days after liso-cel infusion or longer per investigator discretion. Primary end point was complete response/remission (CR)/CR with incomplete marrow recovery (CRi) by investigator assessment. Among 56 patients who received ibrutinib plus liso-cel (DL1, n=5; DL2, n=51), median (range) age was 64.5 years (44‒77), 98% had high-risk cytogenetics, 55% had progression on Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor and venetoclax failure, and median (range) number of prior therapies was 5 (1‒13). Median (range) follow-up was 24.8 months (3.1‒51.8). At DL2, CR/CRi rate was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31‒60) and overall response rate was 86%... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tc4m34b Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wierda, William G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-270X Dorritie, Kathleen A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-8573 Gauthier, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5769-8409 Nath, Rajneesh Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Riedell, Peter A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-0580 Eradat, Herbert A Kenderian, Saad S Kharfan-Dabaja, Mohamed A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-5185 Shah, Nirav N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-1071 Solomon, Scott R Stephens, Deborah M Ermann, Daniel A Arnason, Jon E Deol, Abhinav https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-8871 Feldman, Tatyana A Andreadis, Charalambos Babis Ghosh, Monalisa Ma, Shuo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-5486 Schuster, Stephen J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-8978 Gergis, Usama https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-7385 Vose, Julie M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-7434 Soumerai, Jacob D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-6819 van Besien, Koen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-6211 Tuazon, Sherilyn A Perna, Serena K Ou, San-San Ananthakrishnan, Revathi Rane, Neha Papp, Eniko Ansari, Sahar Thompson, Ethan G Okal, Abood Peiser, Leanne Chen, Yizhe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-6709 Sengupta, Sanhita https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9469-5061 Ray, Pradipta Ranjan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-4201 Wang, Jixian Siddiqi, Tanya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-8298 71 | FINAL ANALYSIS OF FIXED‐DURATION IBRUTINIB + VENETOCLAX FOR CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL)/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA (SLL) IN THE PHASE 2 CAPTIVATE STUDY https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sz3j28x 71 | FINAL ANALYSIS OF FIXED‐DURATION IBRUTINIB + VENETOCLAX FOR CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL)/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA (SLL) IN THE PHASE 2 CAPTIVATE STUDY https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sz3j28x Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghia, P Barr, PM Allan, JN Siddiqi, T Tedeschi, A Kipps, TJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 O'Brien, SM Jacobs, R Badoux, XC Trentin, L Lasica, M Carney, D Camburn, A Elinder Serna, J de la Szafer‐Glusman, E Neuenburg, JK Szoke, A Dean, JP Wierda, WG Tam, CS Outcomes in High-Risk Subgroups After Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib (Ibr) plus Venetoclax (Ven) for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL): Up to 5.5 Years of Follow-Up in the Phase 2 CAPTIVATE Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pg871pz Outcomes in High-Risk Subgroups After Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib (Ibr) plus Venetoclax (Ven) for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL): Up to 5.5 Years of Follow-Up in the Phase 2 CAPTIVATE Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pg871pz Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wierda, William G Jacobs, Ryan Barr, Paul M Allan, John N Siddiqi, Tanya Tedeschi, Alessandra Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 O'Brien, Susan M Badoux, Xavier C Visentin, Andrea Lasica, Masa Carney, Dennis Camburn, Anna Elinder De la Serna, Javier Szafer-Glusman, Edith Zhou, Cathy Szoke, Anita Dean, James P Ghia, Paolo Tam, Constantine S A phase II study of the combination of rituximab and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor as treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nt6q31j A phase II study of the combination of rituximab and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor as treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nt6q31j Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Strati, Paolo Tong, Wei-Gang Vitale, Candida Wierda, William G O’Brien, Susan Brown, Jennifer R Weng, Wen-Kai Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Keating, Michael J Ferrajoli, Alessandra Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bp38306 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are essentially different manifestations of the same disease that are similarly managed. A number of molecular and cytogenetic variables with prognostic implications have been identified. Undetectable minimal residual disease at the end of treatment with chemoimmunotherapy or venetoclax-based combination regimens is an independent predictor of improved survival among patients with previously untreated or relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL. The selection of treatment is based on the disease stage, presence or absence of del(17p) or TP53 mutation, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region mutation status, patient age, performance status, comorbid conditions, and the agent's toxicity profile. This manuscript discusses the recommendations outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with CLL/SLL. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bp38306 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wierda, William G Brown, Jennifer Abramson, Jeremy S Awan, Farrukh Bilgrami, Syed F Bociek, Greg Brander, Danielle Cortese, Matthew Cripe, Larry Davis, Randall S Eradat, Herbert Fakhri, Bita Fletcher, Christopher D Gaballa, Sameh Hamid, Muhammad Saad Hill, Brian Kaesberg, Paul Kahl, Brad Kamdar, Manali Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Ma, Shuo Mosse, Claudio Nakhoda, Shazia Parikh, Sameer Schorr, Andrew Schuster, Stephen Seshadri, Madhav Siddiqi, Tanya Stephens, Deborah M Thompson, Meghan Ujjani, Chaitra Valdez, Riccardo Wagner-Johnston, Nina Woyach, Jennifer A Sundar, Hema Dwyer, Mary Addition of Ianalumab (VAY736) to Ibrutinib in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on Ibrutinib Therapy: Results from a Phase Ib Study. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96b5r70w PURPOSE: This phase Ib dose-escalation/expansion trial (NCT03400176) enrolled patients with CLL who did not achieve a complete response (CR) with ibrutinib or had developed resistance mutations.&nbsp;Ianalumab (VAY736), an anti-B cell-activating factor receptor monoclonal antibody, combined with ibrutinib significantly improved survival and reduced tumor burden in preclinical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) models. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received intravenous ianalumab (escalation: 0.3-9.0 mg/kg; expansion: 3.0 mg/kg) once every 2 weeks and continued ibrutinib (420 mg) once daily for up to eight cycles of 28 days. The study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, recommended dose, and antitumor activity of this combination. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were treated (escalation: n = 15; expansion: n = 24). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Of the 39 patients, 38.5% were in CR or CR with incomplete marrow recovery at cycle 9 (C9). At C9 day 1, 17 patients... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/96b5r70w Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rogers, Kerry A Yan, Pearlly Flinn, Ian W Stephens, Deborah M Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Larson, Sarah M Martz, Laura Chen, Xi Wang, Huabao Hopping, Ethan Bundschuh, Ralf Turkoglu, Altan Lozanski, Gerard McGarry, Carolyn Acosta, Alexandra Sechaud, Romain Baldoni, Daniela Chaudhury, Anwesha Whalen, Jeanne Hassounah, Nadia B Orwitz, Nina Otero, Javier Woo, Janghee Byrd, John C Ibrutinib Efficacy Across Subgroups of Patients With High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Systematic Literature Review https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xv8m1mq Ibrutinib Efficacy Across Subgroups of Patients With High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Systematic Literature Review https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xv8m1mq Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Allan, John N Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Bokun, Alex Maegawa, Rodrigo O'Brien, Susan M A qualitative exploration of the downstream impact of a sustained disruption to the methadone supply in Mexico: effects on the mental, financial, and social health of patients with opioid use disorder in Tijuana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hv4w1ct Background: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are considered the gold standard long-term treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) as they have a range of health and psycho-social benefits. Sudden reduction or interruptions in MOUD can have both immediate and long-term consequences for patients. We sought to qualitatively examine the impact of the prolonged closure of Mexico's main methadone production facility (<i>Psicofarma</i>) in 2023 on MOUD patients in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 MOUD patients in Tijuana, Mexico, from May to August 2023. We transcribed interviews and translated them from Spanish to English for analysis. Our analysis followed a thematic and narrative approach, and code congruency was found by consensus. Analytic and narrative memos provided the foundation for the ultimate findings. Findings: The closure of <i>Psicofarma</i> resulted in a sudden stoppage in MOUD for participants. While some were... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hv4w1ct Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bórquez, Annick Goldshear, Jesse Lloyd Muñoz-Mina, Sheryl Tornez, Arturo Vera, Alicia Harvey Mora, María Elena Medina Rangel, Gudelia Strathdee, Steffanie A Public Perceptions of Ethical and Professional Practice in Jordanian Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ft8x9jc Background: Ethical and professional pharmacy practice is fundamental to supporting patient safety and trust. Despite advances in Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP), evidence from developing systems indicates gaps in ethical performance. This study aimed to assess the ethical dimensions of community pharmacists' practice in Jordan from the public's perspective, focusing on counseling quality, privacy, autonomy, and fairness. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 710 community pharmacy clients across Jordan using a validated questionnaire measured five ethical domains and an attitude scale. Composite scores for patient satisfaction, ethical conduct, and pharmacist attitude were calculated. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to identify demographic predictors. Results: Participants were predominantly female (57.9%) and from central Jordan (69.6%). Mean domain scores were: history-taking (51.3 ± 34.3), counseling (60.3 ± 29.6), privacy (67.8 ± 26.1),... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8ft8x9jc Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jarad, Ola F Hasan, Hisham E Khabour, Omar F Alzoubi, Karem H Al-Delaimy, Wael K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-0510 Final Analysis of the RESONATE-2 Study: up to 10 Years of Follow-Up of First-Line Ibrutinib Treatment in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cc7m7qw Final Analysis of the RESONATE-2 Study: up to 10 Years of Follow-Up of First-Line Ibrutinib Treatment in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cc7m7qw Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Burger, Jan Barr, Paul Robak, Tadeusz Owen, Carolyn Tedeschi, Alessandra Sarma, Anita Patten, Piers EM Grosicki, Sebastian McCarthy, Helen Offner, Fritz Szafer-Glusman, Edith Zhou, Cathy Szoke, Anita Neumayr, Lynne Dean, James P Ghia, Paolo Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Ofatumumab monotherapy in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: final results from a pivotal study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80n8c90n Ofatumumab monotherapy in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: final results from a pivotal study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80n8c90n Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Österborg, Anders Jewell, Roxanne C Padmanabhan-Iyer, Swami Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Mayer, Jiří Stilgenbauer, Stephan Williams, Cathy D Hellmann, Andrzej Furman, Richard R Robak, Tadeusz Hillmen, Peter Trnêný, Marek Dyer, Martin JS Piotrowska, Magdalena Kozak, Tomas Gupta, Ira V Phillips, Jennifer L Goldstein, Nancy Struemper, Herbert Losic, Nedjad Lisby, Steen Wierda, William G Efficacy and safety of nemtabrutinib in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: Cohort J of the phase 2 BELLWAVE-003 study. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wp937nb TPS7088 Background: Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) can be limited if patients do not respond to both Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) and B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors (BCL2is). Nemtabrutinib is a once-daily, potent, noncovalent, reversible BTKi with a distinct kinase profile that inhibits BTK and other B-cell receptor relevant kinases. The multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 BELLWAVE-003 study (NCT04728893) is designed to evaluate nemtabrutinib at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) in participants with R/R CLL/SLL, Richter transformation, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Cohort J will evaluate nemtabrutinib in participants with R/R CLL/SLL who are relapsed/refractory to both a BTKi and BCL2i. Methods: Key eligibility criteria for cohort J include participants aged ≥18 years with CLL/SLL whose... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wp937nb Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Awan, Farrukh Tauseef Eichhorst, Barbara Herishanu, Yair Jurczak, Wojciech Lavie, David Martinez-Calle, Nicolas Masszi, Andras Owen, Carolyn Poulsen, Christian Schneider, Christof Xu, Yan Yang, Jing Farooqui, Mohammed Zulfiqar Husain Kothari, Jaimal Genomic assessment of acquired mutations in participants with CLL/SLL treated with nemtabrutinib in the Phase 2 bellwave-003 study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cj2g4t1 Abstract Introduction: Nemtabrutinib is a once daily, noncovalent, reversible Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) that targets BTK and other kinases involved in B-cell receptor signaling. Analysis of nemtabrutinib-treated cell lines using next-generation sequencing showed a lack of mutation in BTK and PLCγ2, in contrast with other covalent and noncovalent BTKi such as ibrutinib and pirtobrutinib, respectively (Qi et al, Blood Adv, 2023). Nemtabrutinib has also demonstrated preclinical activity across a panel of BTK mutant cells lines carrying both C481 and non-C481 mutations derived from participants (pts) treated with pirtobrutinib, like T474I and L528W (Wang et al, NEJM, 2022). Moreover, nemtabrutinib has also shown activity in preclinical models with high-risk mutations such as TP53 (Sartori et al, Mol Ther, 2023), supporting its potential as a therapeutic option in BTKi-resistant and genetically high-risk B cell malignancies. In this exploratory analysis we present data... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7cj2g4t1 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Perini, Guilherme Lavie, David Bigni, Ricardo Navarro-Bailón, Almudena Benjamini, Ohad Fineman, Riva Schneider, Christof Assouline, Sarit Owen, Carolyn Masszi, Andras Dupont, Juan Edmondson, Mackenzie Chen, Cai Cristescu, Razvan Myer, Nicole Xu, Yan Yang, Jing Farooqui, Mohammed ZH Jurczak, Wojciech Survival adjusting for crossover: phase 3 study of ibrutinib vs. chlorambucil in older patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7260g7f2 Survival adjusting for crossover: phase 3 study of ibrutinib vs. chlorambucil in older patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7260g7f2 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Coutre, Steven Tedeschi, Alessandra Robak, Tadeusz Barr, Paul M Owen, Carolyn Bairey, Osnat Burger, Jan Zhou, Cathy Styles, Lori James, Danelle F Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 PD04-10 PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES TO ADVANCE ZILOVERTAMAB-BASED ANTI-ROR1 DUAL SPECIFICITY CAR T-CELL THERAPY FOR METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71j500pj PD04-10 PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES TO ADVANCE ZILOVERTAMAB-BASED ANTI-ROR1 DUAL SPECIFICITY CAR T-CELL THERAPY FOR METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71j500pj Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jamieson, Christina Murtadha, Jamillah Oh, Christopher S Muldong, Michelle Koutouan, Evodie Kim, JongWook Etemadfard, Niloofar Choo, Hae Soo Sinha, Navyaa Pineda, Gabriel Lennon, Kathleen Wu, Christina N Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Jamieson, Catriona Kane, Christopher Mckay, Rana Gaasterland, Terry Kulidjian, Anna Prussak, Charles Cacalano, Nicholas Dual targeting of ROR1 and ROR2 with glycoengineered antibodies elicits potent and selective immunotherapy in hairy cell leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70z4f93s Abstract Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors 1 and 2 (ROR1 and ROR2) are oncoembryonic antigens aberrantly expressed on hairy cell leukemia (HCL) B cells and various other cancers, but absent from healthy B cells and postpartum tissues. We generated novel, glycoengineered monoclonal antibodies—GE-zilovertamab (anti-ROR1) and GE-6E6 (anti-ROR2)—by removing core fucose residues from the Fc regions of their parental humanized IgG1 antibodies, zilovertamab (UC-961/cirmtuzumab) and 6E6, respectively. To assess their immunotherapeutic potential, we engineered the CD20+ B cell leukemia MEC1 cell line to stably express either ROR1 or ROR2, generating MEC1-ROR1 and MEC1-ROR2 cell lines. Co-culture of these targets with Jurkat-Lucia™ NFAT-CD16A (V158) reporter cells and antibody treatments revealed that glycoengineered antibodies (GE-zilovertamab and GE-6E6), but not their parental antibodies, robustly triggered luminescence activity in NFAT-CD16 cells in an antigen-specific... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70z4f93s Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hasan, Md Kamrul Widhopf, George Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Retreatment with venetoclax and rituximab following disease progression while off therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6405r25k Retreatment with venetoclax and rituximab following disease progression while off therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6405r25k Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Brander, Danielle M Roberts, Andrew W Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Ma, Shuo Anderson, Mary Ann Boyer, Michelle Blombery, Piers Popovic, Relja Roser, Jordan Liu, Zhuangzhuang Chyla, Brenda Seymour, John F A glycoengineered anti-ROR1 antibody, GE-zilovertamab, selectively enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sn434rt Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is selectively expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells and certain cancers, but is absent from normal B cells and healthy adult tissues. GE-zilovertamab, an afucosylated anti-ROR1 IgG1 antibody, is engineered to increase FcγRIIIA binding and thereby enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Co-culture assays were performed using CLL cell lines (MEC1, MEC1-ROR1) and primary CLL cells with Jurkat-Lucia™ NFAT-CD16, NK, or peripheral blood mononuclear cell effectors. Treatments included the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab, anti-ROR1 mAbs (GE-zilovertamab, zilovertamab), and the endocytosis inhibitor prochlorperazine, and ADCC was quantified. GE-zilovertamab showed significantly higher ADCC than its parental antibody and activity that was comparable to that of rituximab. We find that the endocytosis inhibitor prochlorperazine further increased this effect. GE-zilovertamab is a promising next-generation immunotherapeutic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sn434rt Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hasan, Kamrul Widhopf, George Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Updated consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with HCL and HCL variant https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mc4r32p ABSTRACT: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL variant (HCLv) are distinct, rare, and chronic splenic B-cell lymphomas/leukemias that partially overlap in clinicopathologic presentation but differ in genetic basis, prognosis, and management. HCL is caused by the BRAF-V600E kinase-activating mutation in &gt;95% of the patients, usually has excellent responses to chemotherapy with purine analogues, and is also amenable to BRAF inhibitor-based targeted treatments. In contrast, HCLv lacks BRAFV600E mutation, requires combined therapy with purine analogues in addition to rituximab, and generally shows less durable responses. Here, an international team of hematologists, experts on these rare diseases, was convened by the Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation to update the previous guidelines (published in 2017) by providing a summary of current methods to diagnose and manage patients with HCL and HCLv as well as a prospective on newer targeted therapies to further improve outcomes. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mc4r32p Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zent, Clive S Tiacci, Enrico Kreitman, Robert J Tadmor, Tamar Tallman, Martin S Wörmann, Bernhard Andritsos, Leslie A Arons, Evgeny Banerji, Versha Barrientos, Jacqueline C Bhat, Seema A Blachly, James S Broccoli, Alessandro Call, Timothy G Dearden, Claire Demeter, Judit Dietrich, Sascha El-Sharkawi, Dima Fagarasanu, Andrei Falini, Brunangelo Forconi, Francesco Gerrie, Alina S Gladstone, Douglas E Gozzetti, Alessandro Hampel, Paul J Hermel, David J Iyengar, Sunil Johnston, James B Juliusson, Gunnar Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Lauria, Francesco Lozanski, Gerard Parikh, Sameer A Park, Jae H Polliack, Aaron Quest, Graeme Rai, Kanti Ravandi, Farhad Robak, Tadeusz Rogers, Kerry A Saven, Alan Seymour, John F Tam, Constantine S Troussard, Xavier Zenz, Thorsten Zinzani, Pier Luigi Grever, Michael R Intravenous Immunoglobulin Reduces Infections for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v58p2ct Hypogammaglobulinemia is common in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Prior studies demonstrated that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) reduced infections without survival benefit. We conducted a single-institution retrospective cohort study of infectious outcomes in patients with CLL who received IVIG between 2005 and 2022 to assess the impact of IVIG across evolving CLL treatment paradigms, including the introduction of targeted agents. Fifty-two patients met the inclusion criteria of IVIG use for hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections, with also any infection up to 1 year prior to the initiation of IVIG. Baseline mean IgG prior to IVIG was 389 mg/dL (range, 93-891 mg/dL). By design, all 52 patients (100%) experienced at least one CTCAE grade ≥2 infection in the 12 months prior to IVIG initiation. In the 12 months following IVIG initiation, only 17 patients (33%) experienced a grade ≥2 infection. IVIG therapy was associated with a 67% reduction in risk... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4v58p2ct Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shah, Nirja N Patel, Tulsi Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Choi, Michael Y Advancing research on strategies to reduce drug use and overdose-related harms: a community informed approach to establishing common data elements https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4042809b With the overdose crisis continuing to pose significant challenges in North America, harm reduction strategies are critical for public health systems to reduce mortality and morbidity. Despite the considerable strides in harm reduction research, high-quality evidence for decision-making is limited. This is compounded by a variation in reported outcomes, drug supply, administration changes, and policy and social impacts, which further challenge researchers and practitioners in their efforts to implement effective, nimble harm reduction interventions. Adoption of common data elements (CDEs) and common outcome measures (COMs) helps researchers standardize and enhance data collection and outcome reporting, ultimately improving the comparability and generalizability of research findings. To accelerate the pace and use of CDEs, members of the NIDA HEAL Research on Interventions for Stability and Engagement (RISE) engaged in prospective semantic harmonization and consensus on CDEs and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4042809b Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Saavedra, Lissette M Christopher, Mia C Illei, Dora Kral, Alex H Ray, Bradley Zibbell, Jon E Wagner, Karla D Borquez, Annick Jordan, Ayana Seal, David Cerdá, Magdalena Mackesy-Amiti, Mary Ellen Wilson, J Deanna Pho, Mai T Behrends, Czarina Navos Hassan, Hira Tomko, Catherine Oga, Emmanuel Cance, Jessica D NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Version 2.2026. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3567t65k Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) and BCL2 inhibitor (BCL2i)-containing regimens significantly improve survival outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Results from randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that time-limited treatment with BCL2i-containing regimens resulted in higher rates of undetectable measurable residual disease (uMRD) than BTKi monotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy (CIT). Pirtobrutinib (a noncovalent BTKi) and lisocabtagene maraleucel (CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy) are newer options for relapsed or refractory disease after prior therapy with BTKi and BCL2i-contining regimens. Histologic transformation of CLL/SLL to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Richter transformation) is associated with a poor prognosis. Molecular analysis to determine whether there is clonal relationship between CLL/SLL and transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is useful to select an appropriate treatment option. These... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3567t65k Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wierda, William G Brown, Jennifer Abramson, Jeremy S Awan, Farrukh Bociek, Greg Boyer, Daniel Cortese, Matthew Cripe, Larry D'Angelo, Christopher Darnell, Elijah Davis, Randall S Eradat, Herbert Esteghamat, Naseem Fitzgerald, Lindsey Fletcher, Christopher D Gaballa, Sameh Huntington, Scott Kahl, Brad Kamdar, Manali Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Ma, Shuo Mosse, Claudio A Nakhoda, Shazia Parikh, Sameer A Riedell, Peter Schorr, Andrew Schuster, Stephen Seshadri, Madhav Shanafelt, Tait Siddiqi, Tanya Sitlinger, Andrea Thompson, Meghan Ujjani, Chaitra Wagner-Johnston, Nina Woyach, Jennifer A Dwyer, Mary Sundar, Hema Phase 1 TRANSCEND CLL 004 study of lisocabtagene maraleucel in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL or SLL https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30f2h3md Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) and venetoclax are currently used to treat newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). However, most patients eventually develop resistance to these therapies, underscoring the need for effective new therapies. We report results of the phase 1 dose-escalation portion of the multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 TRANSCEND CLL 004 (NCT03331198) study of lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), an autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL. Patients with standard- or high-risk features treated with ≥3 or ≥2 prior therapies, respectively, including a BTKi, received liso-cel at 1 of 2 dose levels (50 × 106 or 100 × 106 CAR+ T cells). Primary objectives included safety and determining recommended dose; antitumor activity by 2018 International Workshop on CLL guidelines was exploratory. Minimal residual disease (MRD)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30f2h3md Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Siddiqi, Tanya Soumerai, Jacob D Dorritie, Kathleen A Stephens, Deborah M Riedell, Peter A Arnason, Jon E Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Gillenwater, Heidi H Gong, Lucy Yang, Lin Ogasawara, Ken Thorpe, Jerill Wierda, William George Distinct archetypes of clonal dynamics underlie response and resistance to diverse CLL therapies https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zr91565 Abstract Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) experience variable clinical course and duration of therapeutic response. While prior studies have shown that specific genetic drivers can shape leukemia growth kinetics and influence the natural course of CLL, the longitudinal patterns and genetic determinants of clonal evolution underlying response and resistance to time-limited therapies are not fully defined. To address this, we performed longitudinal analyses of 107 patients treated with time-limited frontline CLL therapies, either chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy (CIT, n=62), or fixed-duration venetoclax-obinutuzumab (VO, n=30) or ibrutinib-venetoclax (IV, n=15). We combined quarterly monitoring of measurable residual disease (MRD) levels with genetic characterization of CLL from blood samples collected serially before and during therapy, at MRD sampling time points after therapy, and at clinical relapse. A median of 6 samples were genetically characterized per... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zr91565 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kwok, Marwan Johnson, Connor Tausch, Eugen Li, Liang Stewart, Chip Cibulskis, Carrie Pollock, Sam van Vliet, Johanna Dao, Fanny Gohil, Satyen Lee, Madison Danysh, Brian Schilhabel, Anke Robrecht, Sandra Zapatka, Marc Ghia, Emanuela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-6106 Rassenti, Laura Freeman, Lita Bhavsar, Erica Itsara, Andy Al-Sawaf, Othman Allan, John Furman, Richard Landau, Dan Avi Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Wiestner, Adrian Ritgen, Matthias Fischer, Kirsten Eichhorst, Barbara Hallek, Michael Stilgenbauer, Stephan Bozic, Ivana Leshchiner, Ignaty Getz, Gad Wu, Catherine SF3B1 mutation accelerates the development of CLL via activation of the mTOR pathway https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tv643xd RNA splicing factor SF3B1 is one of the most recurrently mutated genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and frequently co-occurs with chromosome 13q deletion [del(13q)]. This combination is associated with poor prognosis in CLL, suggesting these lesions increase CLL aggressiveness. While del(13q) in murine B cells (minimal deleted region of 13q14 includes DLEU1, DLEU2, and miR15a-16-1; Mdr mice), but not expression of Sf3b1-K700E, drives the initiation of CLL, we hypothesize that SF3B1 mutation accelerates CLL progression. In this study, we crossed mice with a B cell-specific Sf3b1-K700E allele with Mdr mice to determine the impact of Sf3b1 mutation on CLL progression. We found that the co-occurrence of these 2 lesions in murine B cells caused acceleration of CLL. We showed that Sf3b1-K700E impacted alternative RNA splicing of nuclear factor of activated T cells C1 (Nfatc1) and activated mTOR signaling and the MYC pathway, contributing to CLL acceleration. Moreover, concurrent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tv643xd Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhang, Bo Iyer, Prajish Jin, Meiling Ten Hacken, Elisa Cartun, Zachary J Hart, Kevyn L Fernandez, Mike Stevenson, Kristen Rassenti, Laura Ghia, Emanuela M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-6106 Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Neuberg, Donna Carrasco, Ruben Chan, Wing C Song, Joo Y Hu, Yu Wu, Catherine J Wang, Lili Ibrutinib reduces obinutuzumab infusion-related reactions in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is associated with changes in plasma cytokine levels https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tc5h5qc Ibrutinib reduces obinutuzumab infusion-related reactions in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is associated with changes in plasma cytokine levels https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tc5h5qc Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lujan, Juliana Velez Lengerke-Diaz, Paula A Jacobs, Chaja Moreno-Cortes, Eider F Ramirez-Segura, Cesar A Choi, Michael Y McCarthy, Colin Heinen, Alaina Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Castro, Januario E The persistent chasm between PrEP awareness and uptake: characterizing the biomedical HIV prevention continuum in a nationwide cohort of transgender women in the United States and Puerto Rico https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zr7m1xv INTRODUCTION: Transgender (trans) women are disproportionately impacted by HIV, yet data on the biomedical HIV PrEP continuum (HIVPC) among trans women are limited. We characterized the HIVPC among a large, nationwide cohort of trans women in the United States and Puerto Rico by pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) modality (daily oral and long-acting injectable, LAI) and identified correlates of uptake and non-adherence. METHODS: From April 2023 to December 2024, we enrolled English and Spanish-speaking adult trans women (age 18 years or older) not living with HIV (laboratory-confirmed via fourth-generation HIV-1/2 antigen/antibody testing) and residing in the United States and Puerto Rico into the cohort. PrEP data were collected via self-administered surveys. We characterized the HIVPC using descriptive statistics and assessed for differences in proportions for each step of the HIVPC by modality. Modified Poisson regression models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95%... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zr7m1xv Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cooney, Erin E Poteat, Tonia C Stevenson, Meg Radix, Asa E Borquez, Annick Althoff, Keri N Linton, Sabriya Pontes, Ceza Beyrer, Chris Lint, Arianna Miller, Marissa Brown, Carter Wawrzyniak, Andrew J Brown, Carolyn A Ragone, Leigh Vannappagari, Vani Guignard, Adrienne Reisner, Sari L Wirtz, Andrea L Group, ENCORE Study Substance Use Patterns from Late Childhood to Mid-Adolescence: Updates on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zm941vc Background Adolescent substance use is a continued public health concern. The objective of this manuscript is to detail the prevalence of substance use, polysubstance use, and investigate sex differences in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study from ages 9-17. Methods 11,880 youth across the U.S., recruited at ages 9-10, completed annual study visits from September 2016 to January 2024. The ABCD 6.0 data release comprises baseline to year-6 data. Lifetime and annual substance use prevalence rates, sex differences, and polysubstance use are described and analyzed. Results Past-year substance use prevalence increased with age; 38% report lifetime use by age 16. Alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine were the most reported substances. There were non-significant differences observed between unweighted trends and census-weighted trends. More boys reported substance use prior to age 12, then from age 13 onward, more girls reported use. Polysubstance use analyses detail the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zm941vc Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sullivan, Ryan M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-4909 Wallace, Alexander L Shankula, Chase A Celhay, Olivier Ziemer, Laura R Smith, Calen J Berman, Samantha Linkersdörfer, Janosch Martz, Meghan E Courtney, Kelly E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-2435 Jacobus, Joanna Tapert, Susan F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-6112 Heitzeg, Mary M Lisdahl, Krista M Wade, Natasha E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9629-2305 Final analysis of the RESONATE-2 study: up to 10 years of follow-up of first-line ibrutinib treatment for CLL/SLL https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qd271x3 ABSTRACT: With up to 10 years of follow-up, we report results from the final analysis of RESONATE- 2, a phase 3 study of first-line ibrutinib vs chlorambucil for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Patients aged ≥65 years with previously untreated CLL/SLL without del(17p) were randomly assigned to receive either single-agent ibrutinib (420 mg/d; n = 136) or chlorambucil (0.5-0.8 mg/kg; ≤12 cycles; n = 133). With a median follow-up of 9.6 years in the ibrutinib arm, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.9 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.0 to not estimable [NE]) vs 1.3 years (95% CI, 0.9-1.6) for the chlorambucil arm. Among patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (uIGHV), del (11q), mutated TP53, or complex karyotype, the median PFS was 8.4 years (95% CI, 6.8 to NE) with ibrutinib and 0.7 years (95% CI, 0.4-1.2) with chlorambucil. Median overall survival (OS) with ibrutinib was not reached. The... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qd271x3 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Burger, Jan A Barr, Paul M Robak, Tadeusz Owen, Carolyn Tedeschi, Alessandra Sarma, Anita Patten, Piers EM Grosicki, Sebastian McCarthy, Helen Offner, Fritz Szafer-Glusman, Edith Zhou, Cathy Szoke, Anita Neumayr, Lynne Dean, James P Ghia, Paolo Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Bridging the gap: socioeconomic disparities in pediatric vision referrals from the UCSD EyeMobile Program https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bq405jq PURPOSE: To evaluate demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with pediatric ophthalmology referrals from the UC San Diego (UCSD) EyeMobile, a school-based mobile vision program. METHODS: The records of children screened from 2021 to 2025 were reviewed retrospectively. Children who failed a screening received a comprehensive eye examination by an optometrist. Referrals to a pediatric ophthalmologist were made for those with potentially significant ocular pathology and no established eye care provider. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the national Child Opportunity Index (COI), analyzed as continuous scores and quintiles. Referral rates were compared across quintiles using two-proportion z tests, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with referrals. RESULTS: Of 42,166 children screened during the study period, 5,657 (14.1%) received a comprehensive examination, and 217 (0.51%) were referred to an ophthalmologist. Leading reasons... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bq405jq Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ramesh, Naren Legala, Akshara R Lee, Rachel Hennein, Lauren Borooah, Shyamanga Molina, Iliana Phase I study of single-agent CC-292, a highly selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18n2491m Phase I study of single-agent CC-292, a highly selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18n2491m Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Brown, Jennifer R Harb, Wael A Hill, Brian T Gabrilove, Janice Sharman, Jeff P Schreeder, Marshall T Barr, Paul M Foran, James M Miller, Thomas P Burger, Jan A Kelly, Kevin R Mahadevan, Daruka Ma, Shuo Li, Yan Pierce, Daniel W Barnett, Evelyn Marine, Jeffrey Miranda, Monika Azaryan, Ada Yu, Xujie Nava-Parada, Pilar Mei, Jay Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 A scholar of blood and beauty: remembering Prof. Jacques-Louis Binet (1932–2024) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0v14w8c0 A scholar of blood and beauty: remembering Prof. Jacques-Louis Binet (1932–2024) https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0v14w8c0 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Targeting PRDX1 impairs acute myeloid leukemic blasts and stem cells by disrupting redox homeostasis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nc7g139 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which drive disease progression and confer resistance to therapy, pose a significant challenge to conventional treatment strategies. In this study, we identified and characterized the inhibitory mechanisms of TH37, a small molecule derived from traditional Chinese medicine, which selectively targets AML blasts and LSCs. Our analyses identified peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (a reactive oxygen species), as the primary molecular target of TH37. We demonstrated that TH37 directly interacts with PRDX1, inhibiting its enzymatic activity and thereby elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in AML cells. PRDX1 was found to be overexpressed in AML, and its expression correlated with poor prognosis and the activation of AML- and cancer-associated pathways. Targeting PRDX1,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nc7g139 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Zhenghao Liu, Guangci Chen, Ziren Li, Keming Yu, Zhe He, Chao Ying, Xinyu Huang, Danling Tao, Chengtian Khan, Sajid Wang, Yimeng Zhang, Fang-Lin Li, Huan Chen, Yun Zhou, Jingfeng Yu, Li Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Cheng, Yongxian Zhang, Suping Modeling the impact of changing drug markets and structural determinants on HCV and/or HIV transmission among people who inject drugs in the United States: A rural and urban comparison https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jr515gh BACKGROUND: The impact of changing drug use patterns on hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the US is understudied. METHODS: An HCV and HIV transmission model was calibrated to urban and rural area data (San Diego, CA and Central/Northern Wisconsin). Fentanyl use among PWID was assumed to increase mortality and injecting-related risk of HIV and HCV based on San Diego data. We predicted HCV/HIV incidence with recent trends (in fentanyl use, transition from injecting to smoking drugs, opiate agonist treatment (OAT) and incarceration), and scenarios with no trend changes since 2020. We calculated the population attributable fraction of fentanyl on incidence, comparing to a no fentanyl counterfactual from 2015 to 2025. RESULTS: High and increasing self-reported fentanyl use among PWID was observed in Central/Northern Wisconsin (20 % in 2018 to 45 % in 2021) and San Diego (51 % in 2021 to 66 % in 2023). Between 2015-2025, modeling suggests... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jr515gh Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martin, Natasha K Abramovitz, Daniela Eger, William H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-7313 Friedman, Joseph R Borquez, Annick Cheema, Jaskaran S Stamos-Beusig, Tara Stone, Jack Vickerman, Peter Bradley, Heather Westergaard, Ryan P Strathdee, Steffanie A AI-Informed 30-Day MACE Risk Predictions in ED Arrivals https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03w180g3 Undifferentiated chest pain is a major driver of emergency department (ED) overcrowding and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Early risk stratification for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) allows for early discharge and ED decongestion. We developed a multimodal machine learning model integrating EHR data, laboratory results, demographic and comorbidity features and chest x-ray impressions to predict 30-day MACE in patients presenting to the ED with chest pain. Using 49,348 ED encounters from two healthcare systems, our model achieved a high area under the curve (AUC) of 82.0% at the development site and 74.6% at the external validation site. Predictions occurred within 6&nbsp;h of ED arrival and demonstrated consistently high negative predictive values across time, supporting safe early-rule out. This model demonstrates the potential of integrating AI modeling to enhance early MACE risk stratification and improve ED overcrowding and efficiency. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03w180g3 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gross, Ben J Patel, MD Radha Zheng, Kai Nemati, Shamim Ramsis, MD Mattheus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-8461 Editorial: Neurocardiology: the science of heart–brain interactions https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00p9c5pr Editorial: Neurocardiology: the science of heart–brain interactions https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00p9c5pr Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Tomar, Shubham Lidani, Karita Claudia Freitas Mallugari, Ravinder Longardner, Katherine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-2590 Venugopal, Bhavya Jaya Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated With History of Overdose Among Patients Presenting for Outpatient Addiction Care. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z1665bb <h4>Objectives</h4>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health issues and substance use. Having a substance use disorder increases the risk of overdose (OD). Research on ACEs and risk of OD is limited. This study examined the relationship between ACE scores and a self-reported history of OD among patients in an addiction and mental health outpatient setting.<h4>Methods</h4>This single-center, cross-sectional design included adults in a dual-diagnosis addiction and mental health outpatient recovery and treatment program from November 2017 to August 2020. Patients (N = 115) were assessed with self-report questionnaires, which included ACEs and history of OD. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with self-reported OD history. We assessed the reliability and validity of the ACEs scale.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 115 participants, 26 (22.6%) reported a past OD at intake. The mean ACE score for participants with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z1665bb Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Asheh, Angelo Courchesne-Krak, Natasia Kepner, Wayne Marienfeld, Carla Author Correction: Large-scale network analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome identifies molecular signatures of frontotemporal lobar degeneration https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nt4h694 Correction to: Nature Aginghttps://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00878-2, published online 16 May 2025. This article was originally published under standard Springer Nature license (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.). It is now available as an open-access paper under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license, © The Author(s). The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7nt4h694 Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Saloner, Rowan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1351-6183 Staffaroni, Adam M Dammer, Eric B Johnson, Erik CB Paolillo, Emily W Wise, Amy Heuer, Hilary W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-1685 Forsberg, Leah K Lario-Lago, Argentina Webb, Julia D Vogel, Jacob W Santillo, Alexander F Hansson, Oskar Kramer, Joel H Miller, Bruce L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-4220 Li, Jingyao Loureiro, Joseph Sivasankaran, Rajeev Worringer, Kathleen A Seyfried, Nicholas T Yokoyama, Jennifer S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-2634 Spina, Salvatore Grinberg, Lea T https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-0618 Seeley, William W VandeVrede, Lawren https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-6711 Ljubenkov, Peter A Bayram, Ece Bozoki, Andrea Brushaber, Danielle Considine, Ciaran M Day, Gregory S Dickerson, Bradford C Domoto-Reilly, Kimiko Faber, Kelley Galasko, Douglas R Gendron, Tania Geschwind, Daniel H Ghoshal, Nupur Graff-Radford, Neill Hales, Chadwick M Honig, Lawrence S Hsiung, Ging-Yuek R Huey, Edward D Kornak, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-0619 Kremers, Walter Lapid, Maria I Lee, Suzee E Litvan, Irene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-3445 McMillan, Corey T Mendez, Mario F Miyagawa, Toji Pantelyat, Alexander Pascual, Belen Masdeu, Joseph Paulson, Henry L Petrucelli, Leonard Pressman, Peter Rademakers, Rosa Ramos, Eliana Marisa Rascovsky, Katya Roberson, Erik D Savica, Rodolfo Snyder, Allison Sullivan, Anna Campbell Tartaglia, M Carmela Vandebergh, Marijne Boeve, Brad F Rosen, Howie J Rojas, Julio C Boxer, Adam L Casaletto, Kaitlin B Comparison of Venetoclax‐Based Treatments for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Single‐Center Real‐World Experience https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92j6p8hw ABSTRACTIntroduction<p>The optimal venetoclax‐based treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL is still unknown, especially for high‐risk patients.</p>Methods<p>We performed a retrospective analysis of 98 patients with R/R CLL treated with venetoclax‐based regimens. Patients received venetoclax alone or in combination with rituximab (VenR), obinutuzumab (VenO), or a BTKi (primarily ibrutinib).</p>Results<p>Combination groups achieved higher complete remission (CR) and uMRD rates: VenO (CR 68%, uMRD 86%), VenR (CR 63%, uMRD 82%), Ven&nbsp;+&nbsp;BTKi (CR 43%, uMRD 70%), versus monotherapy (CR 51%, uMRD 67%). At a median 52‐month follow‐up, median PFS was superior in combination arms (76.6 months) compared to monotherapy (58.9 months, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.04).</p>Conclusion<p>This analysis validates, in a real‐world academic cohort, that venetoclax‐based combination therapy, particularly with obinutuzumab or BTKi, yields higher rates of deep remission and superior PFS... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92j6p8hw Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Heyman, Benjamin Choi, Michael Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 A standardized fecal microbiota transplantation protocol enables consistent, microbiota-driven colitis in IL-10-deficient mice https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6q6072w3 Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a central feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet experimental systems that enable controlled investigation of microbiota-driven inflammation remain limited. In interleukin-10-deficient (Il10−/−) mice, intestinal inflammation is strictly dependent on the presence of commensal microbiota; however, disease onset and severity are highly variable, reflecting differences in microbial composition across environments. To overcome this limitation, pharmacologic approaches such as piroxicam administration have been widely used to synchronize disease, but these methods introduce epithelial injury and non-microbiota-dependent inflammatory pathways that confound mechanistic interpretation. Here, we describe a standardized fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol that enables controlled microbiota-driven induction of colitis in Il10−/− recipient mice without the use of chemical triggers. In this model, recipient mice aged 8–10 weeks receive fecal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6q6072w3 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kaur, Prabhdeep Rivera-Nieves, Jesús Integrin β7 sustains ileal humoral immunity and microbial biogeography during chronic TNF-driven ileitis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tg4t1mn Integrin α4β7 directs lymphocyte trafficking to the intestinal lamina propria (LP) and is a major therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although integrin (Itg) β7 has been extensively studied in T-cell recruitment, its role in protective mucosal humoral immunity during chronic ileitis remains unclear. To investigate the role of itg β7 in intestinal immune compartmentalization, we crossed TNFΔARE mice, which develop Crohn's-like ileocolitis with Itg β7-deficient mice. Intestinal inflammation, lymphocyte trafficking, ileal LP immune cell composition, IgA responses, and microbial community structure were assessed using histopathology, competitive homing assays, flow cytometry, mass cytometry, ELISA, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. β7 deficiency exacerbated TNF-driven ileitis in an age-dependent manner. Competitive homing assays demonstrated early impaired recruitment of β7-deficient lymphocytes to the ileal LP. This defect resulted in a selective reduction of intestinal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tg4t1mn Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shen, Zining Lebsack, Matthew DP Boyer, Joshua D Tyler, Christopher Chilukuri, Amruth Holton, Mark Jedlicka, Paul Urtecho, Guillaume Rivera-Nieves, Jesus Stress-adapted cancer-associated fibroblasts as mediators of immunosuppression and therapy resistance https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xh584sm Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key regulators of the tumor microenvironment (TME), shaping immune surveillance, stromal architecture, metastatic progression, and therapeutic resistance across solid tumors. Although traditionally classified into heterogeneous subtypes, emerging evidence indicates that CAF phenotypes are not fixed lineages, but dynamic stress-adaptive states continuously reshaped by hypoxia, oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation, metabolic pressure, and therapy-induced injury. These pressures reprogram CAFs transcriptional, metabolic, and secretory programs, enabling CAFs to amplify tumor-promoting signals that reinforce immunosuppression, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, metastatic niche formation, and treatment resistance. Viewing CAF biology through this stress-adaptation framework provides a mechanistic explanation for the limited success of indiscriminate stromal depletion strategies and highlights the need for more selective, context-aware... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xh584sm Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hu, Yali Ge, Jingyao Xin, Meiqi Guo, Runqi Wu, Chengsheng Ma, Wenxue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-6162 The R120G Knock-in Mutation in αB-Crystallin is Insufficient to Induce Cardiomyopathy in Mice https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90f8t0ng Alpha B-crystallin (CryAB) is a small heat-shock protein highly expressed in cardiac tissue, where it functions as a molecular chaperone that helps prevent protein aggregation, particularly under stress conditions. A missense mutation in CryAB (R120G) causes autosomal dominant cardiomyopathy in humans and is characterized by extensive protein aggregation in cardiomyocytes. To better understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CryAB<sup>R120G</sup>-associated cardiomyopathy, appropriate in vivo models are essential. Genetic mouse models are valuable tools for investigating disease pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies. In this study, we characterized a homozygous CryAB<sup>R120G</sup> knock-in (KI) mouse model to assess the impact of this mutation on cardiac function. CryAB<sup>R120G</sup> KI mice exhibited no overt changes in cardiac structure and function up to 12 months of age, with minimal changes in cardiac and proteotoxic stress markers, except... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90f8t0ng Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Quiles, Justin M Ravindran, Rishith Ivezich, Samantha Chi, Liguo Najor, Rita Gustafsson, Åsa B Pain in the acephate: A case of protracted toxicity after an intentional ingestion of ant killer https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xz0955j Organophosphates (OP) have a variety of applications, including widespread use as pesticides. Although OP poisoning in the U.S. has been declining, toxicity from intentional ingestions of commercially available preparations is still a concern. We describe a case of a 17-year-old female who intentionally ingested an acephate-based fire ant insecticide and developed severe cholinergic toxicity, despite acephate’s classification as a safer OP. The patient was successfully treated with atropine and pralidoxime, but had recurrence of symptoms after long asymptomatic periods requiring repeat dosing, which is atypical. We encourage clinicians to have a low threshold for prolonged observation in these patients, even in the absence of symptoms. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xz0955j Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Trojano, Max Lippi, Matthew Archuleta, Solana Cook, Leanne Lasoff, Daniel Minns, Alicia Likelihood-based optimization enables accurate copy number estimation for paralogous genes using exome data https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8319z5v6 MOTIVATION: Exome sequencing is widely used for genetic studies; however, accurate detection of copy number variants (CNV) in paralogous genes is challenging due to short-read mapping ambiguity and extensive copy-number variation. The human genome contains several hundred paralogous genes, many of which are known to harbor disease-associated CNVs. Existing exome CNV callers are primarily designed for rare CNV detection in uniquely mappable regions and are not well-suited for paralogous genes. METHODS: We describe a computational method (EdgeCopy) for copy number profiling of paralogous genes using whole-exome sequence data. EdgeCopy aggregates reads mapped to all copies of paralogous genes and relates observed read depth to copy number for multiple exome samples using an approximate composite likelihood function. The likelihood function is optimized using numerical optimization to obtain gene-level fractional copy number estimates that are discretized and refined using a Hidden... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8319z5v6 Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Byun, Sang Yoon Bansal, Vikas Psychological Risk Stratification before Spine Surgery Using PCS, PHQ-9, and ODI https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53b3h5gc Outcomes following spine surgery vary widely, and a substantial proportion of patients continue to experience persistent postoperative pain, functional limitations, and reduced quality of life following surgical intervention. Psychological factors—including depression, pain catastrophizing, and baseline disability—are among the most consistent predictors of poorer postoperative outcomes and persistent spinal pain syndrome following surgery. Despite growing evidence supporting psychosocial risk assessment, systematic psychological screening remains inconsistently implemented across many spine programs. This article presents a practical psychological risk stratification framework integrating three brief and widely validated instruments: the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Together, these measures assess cognitive, emotional, and functional domains associated with surgical outcomes. The article... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53b3h5gc Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Serdarevic, Mirsad https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5234-6413 A Novel UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Seven Opioids in Different Human Tissues https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w1616px BACKGROUND: Opioids are considered the cornerstone of pain management: they show good efficacy as a first-line therapy for moderate to severe cancer pain. Since pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic information about the tissue-specific effect and toxicity of opioids is still scarce, their quantification in post-mortem autoptic specimens could give interesting insights. METHODS: We describe an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of methadone, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, hydromorphone and fentanyl in several tissues: liver, brain, kidney, abdominal adipose tissue, lung and blood plasma. The presented method has been applied on 28 autoptic samples from different organs obtained from four deceased PLWH who used opioids for palliative care during terminal disease. RESULTS: Sample preparation was based on tissue weighing, disruption, sonication with drug extraction medium and a protein... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w1616px Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Manca, Alessandra De Nicolò, Amedeo De Vivo, Elisa Delia Ferrara, Micol Oh, Sharon Khalili, Sahar Higgins, Niamh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-5209 Deiss, Robert G Bonora, Stefano Cusato, Jessica Palermiti, Alice Mula, Jacopo Gianella, Sara D’Avolio, Antonio Mapping opioid exposure through prescription data and postmortem analysis of opioid drugs in multiple tissues https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31x037f6 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although opioids are central to end of life (EoL) care, tissue-level opioid exposure remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between prescription-derived morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) and measured morphine concentrations across multiple organs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We analysed data from the Last Gift cohort, a community-centred HIV research rapid autopsy programme. Cumulative MEDD for the final 7 and 30 days before death (MEDD-7, MEDD-30) was calculated using prescription data. Postmortem samples from multiple organs were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify opioids. Mixed-effects regression models and Pearson correlations evaluated relationships between MEDD and tissue morphine concentrations. KEY RESULTS: Among 261 samples from 27 participants (median age 65 years), 96% had ≥1 detectable opioid. Morphine was most frequently prescribed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31x037f6 Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Higgins, Niamh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-5209 Wells, Alan Patel, Nimish Muttera, Nicole Trunfio, Mattia Manca, Alessandra De Nicolò, Amedeo Ferrara, Micol Bonora, Stefano Cusato, Jessica Palermiti, Alice D'Avolio, Antonio Borochoff, Marissa Riggs, Patricia K https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-8468 Hastie, Elizabeth Atayee, Rabia S Solso, Stephanie Dullano, Cheryl Gomez‐Moreno, Vanessa Tenenbaum, Tara Deiss, Robert Smith, Davey M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-1733 Chaillon, Antoine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-3857 Gianella, Sara Approach to Personalizing the Treatment of Osteoporosis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2np789cj Despite the availability of multiple highly effective pharmacologic therapies for osteoporosis, fracture rates in the United States have plateaued or increased in recent years. At the same time, individuals with osteoporosis are exposed to an abundance of digital health information and frequently seek guidance on nutrition, exercise, and other lifestyle strategies to improve bone health. Many endocrinologists, however, may have limited time or expertise to address these questions comprehensively during routine clinical encounters. Current clinical practice guidelines provide valuable direction on selecting pharmacotherapy based on fracture risk, yet they offer limited guidance on how to personalize treatment plans by integrating patient values, beliefs, and preferences. The aim of this manuscript is to equip clinicians with practical, preference-sensitive strategies to address common concerns raised by postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, including evidence-based guidance on... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2np789cj Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Woods, Gina Wooldridge, Jennalee Weaver, Connie M Giangregorio, Lora Artificial Intelligence Note Summarization in the Emergency Department https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gg1n1f2 <p>This quality improvement study investigates the association of an electronic health record-integrated artificial intelligence note summarization tool with emergency physician medical record review time and user experience.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gg1n1f2 Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 You, Alan X Kahl, Nicolas M Patel, Avi Cao, Jie Castillo, Edward M Bedmutha, Poorva Satish Chan, Theodore https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-4735 Singh, Karandeep Longhurst, Christopher A A PKA-selective inhibitor captures an open but more ordered conformation of the PKA catalytic subunit https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rj4n5wm The structure of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA-C), a prototype for the protein kinase superfamily, laid the foundation for the development of targeted kinase inhibitors. Here we describe the structure and biophysical characterization of a PKA-C complex with BLU0588, a small PKA-selective inhibitor. The high-resolution crystal structure not only captures the inhibitor's unusual T-shaped geometry, but also shows how the four rings of BLU0588 serve as surrogates for ATP's adenosine and phosphate-organizing sites. Each site contains two subsites. BLU0588's planar azaindole and pyridine rings, which are buried beneath the glycine-rich loop in a hydrophobic shell at the base of the active site cleft, fill the adenine and ribose subsites. In contrast, BLU0588's indane and pyrrolidine rings fill the phosphate-organizing site. The indane ring occupies the α/β-phosphate organizing site while the pyrrolidine ring fills the Mg/γ-phosphate organizing site. The... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rj4n5wm Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bruystens, Jessica GH Wu, Jian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-9462 Tan, Gerald Bertinetti, Daniela Zenn, Hans-Michael Zimmermann, Bastian Chen, Lisa Köckenberger, Johannes Massaro, Federica Sankaran, Banumathi Walters, Matthew S Veglia, Gianluigi Ferguson, Fleur M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-7617 Herberg, Friedrich W Taylor, Susan S Workplace violence in trauma centers is a serious problem: an AAST Disaster Committee survey on assaults on trauma teams. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ww726rn <h4>Objective</h4>Violence against healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in emergency departments and trauma centers (TCs), is a significant and growing problem. HCWs have the highest numbers and annual rates of workplace violence (WPV) compared with any other private industry sector. There is less information about the rates of violence and stalking against trauma providers in TCs. We hypothesized that a majority of trauma surgeons and team members have experienced deliberate assaults in their TCs. Our secondary hypothesis was that a majority of trauma providers consider WPV a significant issue in their workplace.<h4>Methods</h4>The American Association for Surgery of Trauma Disaster Committee invited 2,100 members to participate in an online survey in May and July 2024. Questions evaluated practice type, TC characteristics, training, experience with WPV, beliefs about WPV prevention, and potential WPV prevention strategies interventions.<h4>Results</h4>The survey response rate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6ww726rn Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Liepert, Amy Fallat, Mary Capella, Jeannette Fox, Adam Kuhls, Deborah Glinik, Galina Fischer, Peter Gates, Jonathan Toscano, Nicole Kelley, Katherine Chung, Sophie Doucet, Jay Disaster Committee, Aast Phase 1 first-in-human dose-escalation study of IMSA101, a novel cyclic di-nucleotide STING agonist, for patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dt9x04r <h4>Background</h4>Despite progress in cancer therapeutics, there remains an unmet need for treatment of advanced solid tumors. The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in innate antitumor immunity processes. IMSA101 is a small molecule analog of cGAMP and a potent STING agonist. Preclinical studies demonstrate antitumor activity of IMSA101 alone and in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).<h4>Methods</h4>IMSA101-101 was an open-label, multicenter, phase 1 first-in-human dose-escalation study to establish a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of IMSA101 both as monotherapy and in combination with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-(L)1)-ICI. Secondary objectives were to evaluate safety, tolerability and antitumor activity, and to characterize pharmacokinetics. Adult patients with advanced solid tumors with ≥2 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors evaluable lesions, at least one of these suitable for injection, were enrolled. IMSA101 was administered by... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dt9x04r Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jacoby, Jay Mahalingam, Deva Alistar, Angela Garmey, Edward Kazmi, Syed Mooneyham, Teresa Sun, Lijun Yap, Timothy Vu, Peter Moser, Justin Before the First Visit: A Triage-Forward Outpatient Cancer Diagnostic Pathway https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x54w7h2 <p> <strong>Issues Addressed/Background</strong> </p><p>Patients with suspected malignancy are routinely admitted inpatient for diagnostic evaluation for urgent but not emergent workups, utilizing limited inpatient resources. We wondered if some of these workups could be managed outpatient in a timely manner with the right infrastructure. Conventional oncology referral pathways follow a consultation-first sequence; ie patients are seen, then tested, then redirected, which delays diagnosis and consumes limited clinic capacity. The UCSD Suspicion of Cancer (SoC) clinic was designed around an inverted model: physician-led triage occurs right at referral, testing is coordinated before the first visit, and patients who can be safely redirected to disease-specific teams never need an SoC appointment. This report describes operational outcomes over the first four months following clinic launch in December 2025.</p><p> <strong>Description of the Project</strong> </p><p>The SoC clinic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x54w7h2 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Patel, Tulsi Chau, Spencer Ajmera, Archana McLaughlin, Danielle Siepelmeyer, Lauren Kane, Shelly Hamdan, Ayad Coyne, Christopher Vu, Peter Brain morphology in Anorexia Nervosa and its subtypes: A multi-cohort study of individual participant data. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wm3q63b BACKGROUND: In a recent coordinated meta-analysis of neuroimaging data, we reported gray matter (GM) alterations in acutely underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Here, we extend these findings by examining individual variation in brain structure within AN, individual-level differentiation between AN and healthy controls (HC), and differences between AN subtypes, with potential relevance for understanding clinical heterogeneity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analyzed individual-level data from 11 international sites in the ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group, including 570 female participants with AN and 739 HC. We examined cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes in AN versus HC using three complementary approaches: (i) group-level differences in a mega-analysis correcting for age effects, (ii) frequencies of extreme deviations (infra-/supranormal; z &lt; -1.96/z &gt; 1.96) based on normative reference models by the CentileBrain Initiative, and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wm3q63b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bernardoni, Fabio Arold, Dominic Schoppik, Luis Bahnsen, Klaas Ge, Ruiyang Moreau, Clara Bang, Lasse D'Agata, Federico Abbate-Daga, Giovanni Tamnes, Christian K Campbell, Iain O'Daly, Owen Schmidt, Ulrike Frank, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-3441 Horndasch, Stefanie Hess, Andreas Dörfler, Arnd Friederich, Hans-Christoph Simon, Joe Favaro, Angela Lavagnino, Luca Wierenga, Christina E Bischoff-Grethe, Amanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-3994 Miles, Amy E Kaplan, Allan Voineskos, Aristotle Smeets, Paul AM van Elburg, Annemarie A Danner, Unna Thomopoulos, Sophia I Berner, Laura Jahanshad, Neda Frangou, Sophia King, Joseph A Thompson, Paul Ehrlich, Stefan Imaging congenital anomalies of the ileum in adults:a pictorial review https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qt914fx The ileal loops are anatomical location for the majority of congenital anomalies affecting the gastrointestinal tract. These include Meckel’s diverticulum, ileal duplication, dysgenesis, atresia, mucosal diaphragm, and malposition of the ileum. Symptomatic lesions that often present with abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction or bleeding are usually diagnosed and treated during infancy and childhood. However, many of these congenital conditions may remain clinically silent and detected incidentally in adults undergoing radiological evaluation for unrelated medical reasons. This article presents the spectrum of the congenital ileal anomalies and their distinct features on small bowel examination and CT of the abdomen. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qt914fx Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Limy Bile Syndrome https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bh0f0dw Limy Bile Syndrome https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bh0f0dw Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Correction to: Relationship between cognitive flexibility and subsequent course of mood symptoms and suicidal ideation in young adults with childhood-onset bipolar disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93w5x62b The original article was published with incorrect funding information. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93w5x62b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 MacPherson, Heather A Kudinova, Anastacia Y Schettini, Elana Jenkins, Gracie A Gilbert, Anna C Thomas, Sarah A Kim, Kerri L Radoeva, Petya D Fenerci, Rebecca L Babcock Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Hunt, Jeffrey Keller, Martin B Dickstein, Daniel P A Risk Calculator to Predict Suicide Attempts Among Individuals With Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q20b604 Objectives: To build a one-year risk calculator (RC) to predict individualized risk for suicide attempt in early-onset bipolar disorder. Methods: Youth numbering 394 with bipolar disorder who completed ≥2 follow-up assessments (median follow-up length = 13.1 years) in the longitudinal Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study were included. Suicide attempt over follow-up was assessed via the A-LIFE Self-Injurious/Suicidal Behavior scale. Predictors from the literature on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder that are readily assessed in clinical practice were selected and trichotomized as appropriate (presence past 6 months/lifetime history only/no lifetime history). The RC was trained via boosted multinomial classification trees; predictions were calibrated via Platt scaling. Half of the sample was used to train, and the other half to independently test the RC. Results: There were 249 suicide attempts among 106 individuals. Ten predictors accounted for &gt;90% of the cross-validated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q20b604 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Goldstein, Tina R Merranko, John Hafeman, Danella Gill, Mary Kay Liao, Fangzi Sewall, Craig Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Weinstock, Lauren Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Benjamin Keller, Martin Strober, Michael Ryan, Neal Birmaher, Boris Validation of the youth mood recurrences risk calculator in an adult sample with bipolar disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kr5p9fj BACKGROUND: The ability to predict an individual's risk of mood episode recurrence can facilitate personalized medicine in bipolar disorder (BD). We sought to externally validate, in an adult sample, a risk calculator of mood episode recurrence developed in youth/young adults with BD from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study. METHODS: Adult participants from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study (CDS; N=258; mean(SD) age=35.5(12.0) years; mean follow-up=24.9 years) were utilized as a sample to validate the youth COBY risk calculator for onset of depressive, manic, or any mood episodes. RESULTS: In this older validation sample, the risk calculator predicted recurrence of any episode over 1, 2, 3, or 5-year follow-up intervals, with Area Under the Curves (AUCs) approximating 0.77. The AUC for prediction of depressive episodes was about 0.81 for each of the time windows, which was higher than for manic or hypomanic episodes (AUC=0.72).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kr5p9fj Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fiedorowicz, Jess G Merranko, John A Iyengar, Satish Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Gill, Mary Kay Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Tina R Strober, Michael Hafeman, Danella Keller, Martin B Goldstein, Benjamin I Diler, Rasim S Hunt, Jeffrey I Birmaher, Boris B Functional morphology of the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm determined by three-dimensional high-resolution esophago-gastric junction pressure profile and CT imaging https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fj3s9mf The smooth muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and skeletal muscles of the crural diaphragm (CD) provide a closure/antireflux barrier mechanism at the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ). A number of questions in regard to the pressure profile of the LES and CD remain unclear, e.g., <i>1</i>) Why is the LES pressure profile circumferentially asymmetric, <i>2</i>) Is the crural diaphragm (CD) contraction also circumferentially asymmetric, and <i>3</i>) Where is the LES and CD pressure profile located in the anatomy of the esophagus and stomach? The three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) catheter can record a detailed profile of the EGJ pressure; however, it does not allow the determination of the circumferential orientation of individual pressure transducers in vivo. We used computed tomography (CT) scan imaging in combination with 3-D EGJ pressure recordings to determine the functional morphology of the LES and CD and its relationship to the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fj3s9mf Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mittal, Ravinder K Zifan, Ali Kumar, Dushyant Ledgerwood-Lee, Melissa Ruppert, Erika Ghahremani, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 6.20 The Effect of Traumatic Events on the Longitudinal Course of Youth With Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8949q1j5 6.20 The Effect of Traumatic Events on the Longitudinal Course of Youth With Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8949q1j5 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pascual, Maria Andreu Levenson, Jessica C Goldstein, Tina R Gill, Mary Kay Merranko, John Axelson, David Goldstein, Benjamin I Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Yen, Shirley Birmaher, Boris Reduction of infections with intravenous immunoglobulin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A single-center retrospective analysis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84g86486 Abstract Introduction: Hypogammaglobulinemia is common in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Per consensus guidelines, Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis is generally reserved for patients who have had recurrent, serious infections (e.g., those requiring IV antibiotics or hospitalization) and who also have serum IgG &lt; 500 mg/dL. While prior studies demonstrated reduced infections with IVIG without survival benefit, these were conducted prior to the era of contemporary CLL therapies. We conducted an analysis of infectious outcomes in CLL patients who received IVIG between 2005 and 2022. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of CLL patients at a single institution. Patients who consented to CLL research were identified based on receipt of IVIG. Patients were excluded if they received IVIG for alternative indications (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia). Infection frequency and severity were assessed during the year prior to and the year following... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84g86486 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shah, Nirja Patel, Tulsi Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Choi, Michael Immune reconstitution after venetoclax-based treatments in CLL https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tg5z4wf Abstract Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-associated hypogammaglobulinemia is well-established. A degree of humoral immune reconstitution has been reported after ibrutinib and after venetoclax plus rituximab (Ven + R). We assessed improvement in immunoglobulin levels after different Ven-based treatments, including Ven monotherapy, combinations with rituximab or obinutuzumab (Ven + O), and combination with ibrutinib (Ven + I). Methods: Patients with CLL who received treatment with Ven at our single center during the years 2012-2024 were evaluated in this retrospective chart review analysis. Recurrent courses of Ven were each considered discretely. Patients were excluded from analysis if they did not have at least 1 quantitative immunoglobulin measurement both within 1 year prior to Ven initiation and post-treatment. Patients with a paraprotein were excluded from analysis of that Ig class. Patients who received IVIG were excluded from IgG analysis. Data were extracted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tg5z4wf Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Patel, Tulsi Shah, Nirja Heyman, Benjamin Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Choi, Michael Impact of sex on heroin intravenous self-administration by heterogeneous stock rats https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7493374w BackgroundIntravenous self-administration (IVSA) of opioids by rats has been shown frequently to exhibit no sex differences, in many cases a higher intake of females, and only rarely higher rates in males. A diversity of methodological parameters (opioid identity, training doses, rat strain, session duration) makes it difficult to identify consistent contributions to these outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine if Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats derived from 8 founder strains differ by sex in the IVSA of opioids.MethodsMale and female Heterogeneous Stock (N = 7–8 per sex) rats were permitted to self-administer heroin (20&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) in 2&nbsp;h sessions under a Fixed Ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. After acquisition, animals completed sessions in which different infusion doses of heroin (0, 15, 30, 60, 120&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion), oxycodone (0, 30, 60, 150, 300&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) and fentanyl (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) were assessed. Next, animals were evaluated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7493374w Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Taffe, Michael A Mehl, Sydney L Rahman, Sara RMU Grant, Yanabel CT and MR imaging of the properitoneal fat pad: a pictorial essay https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71t730vt The properitoneal fat pad is a distinctive anatomical structure located in the midline of anterior abdominal wall between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum. It has variable size and configuration depending on the gender and nutritional status of individuals, but CT and MR images of the upper abdomen can readily depict its shape and adipose composition. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the CT and MRI features of normal properitoneal fat pad, and the spectrum of pathological processes that affect it among patients. This information can be relevant to the practicing radiologists and clinicians for the correct diagnosis and management of such conditions because most lesions of this fat pad produce nonspecific symptoms. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71t730vt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Cats on dry kibble diet have significantly different microbiome than those on canned wet food https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rn7083q Domestic cats (Felis catus) are understudied regarding how commercial diets impact their gut microbiomes. Here, we reanalyzed the 16S rRNA gene (V4) amplicon sequencing Kittybiome dataset, using new tools and techniques. Results demonstrated significant microbial composition differences between cats eating commercial dry kibble diets and those eating canned wet food. Kibble-fed cats showed enriched Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, and Megamonas amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs), linked to carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disease. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rn7083q Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Ganz, Holly H Rojas, Connie A Knight, Rob Computed tomography of hyper-attenuated liver: Pictorial essay https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g07847v Demonstration of a very dense or hyper-attenuated liver on the pre-contrast CT images of the abdomen can be an unexpected finding. It may present as a diagnostic challenge if the underlying cause of it is not apparent from the provided clinical history. There are about 12 different pathologic conditions that are associated with deposition of radiopaque elements within the hepatic parenchyma, resulting in diffuse or multi-lobar hyperdense appearance of the liver on abdominal radiographs and CT. Most of them are drug-induced or iatrogenic in nature, while others are the sequelae of genetic disorders like thalassemia, Wilson's disease, and primary hemochromatosis. This pictorial essay will present the CT appearance and etiology of hyper-attenuated liver in various clinical entities. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g07847v Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Hahn, Michael E Fishman, Elliot K 3.5 Validation of the Youth Suicide Risk Calculator in an Adult Sample with Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c96j3c6 3.5 Validation of the Youth Suicide Risk Calculator in an Adult Sample with Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c96j3c6 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fiedorowicz, Jess G Merranko, John A Goldstein, Tina R Iyengar, Satish Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Gill, Mary Kay Yen, Shirley Strober, Michael Hafeman, Danella M Keller, Martin B Goldstein, Benjamin I Diler, Rasim Somer Hunt, Jeffrey I Birmaher, Boris Unfinished Business in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Translational and Clinical Priorities for a Cure https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rb0g4kn Remarkable progress in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment across hematologic malignancies has been achieved in the past two decades. Nevertheless, the reliable elimination of disease remains elusive for many cancers. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exemplifies the needs that must be addressed to close the gap between discovery science and remaining clinical challenges. In CLL, targeted therapies have substantially prolonged survival and enabled long-term disease control for many patients. However, curative outcomes remain exceptional, particularly in high-risk groups such as those with TP53 disruption, dual resistance to BTK and BCL2 inhibitors, or transformation to aggressive lymphoma. Recent insights into the interconnection between cancer and immunity have positioned CLL as a model example of cancer-associated immunodeficiency-a realization brought into sharp focus by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic where CLL patients were at extremely high-risk for infection... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rb0g4kn Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wu, Catherine J Caligaris-Cappio, Federico Chiorazzi, Nicholas Gribben, John G Hallek, Michael J Wierda, William G Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 9.1 PREDICTORS OF LONGITUDINAL PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER TRANSITIONING TO ADULTS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cx0g4k4 9.1 PREDICTORS OF LONGITUDINAL PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER TRANSITIONING TO ADULTS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cx0g4k4 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Systematic molecular profiling to identify determinants of response to ibrutinib https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cm4b6x4 Abstract BACKGROUND Whilst the broad clonal architecture of naturally progressing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been described, a comprehensive picture of how chemotherapy and targeted agents reshape that landscape is lacking. Here we integrate clone-specific growth kinetics with mutational profiles, transcriptomic subtypes, and CpG-methylation-based epigenetic classes to capture the multidimensional evolutionary responses of CLL under native conditions and during treatment. METHODS We previously reported a systematic whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 417 leukemia–germline pairs from 169 treatment-naïve patients ≥ 65 y (Karisani et al., Blood 2024). The treatment arm comprised 83 patients who received ibrutinib and 39 who received chlorambucil in the RESONATE-2 trial (NCT01722487). Forty-seven age-matched “watch-and-wait” patients from the CLL Research Consortium served as untreated controls. Peripheral-blood samples were collected at baseline and again ~300 d... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cm4b6x4 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Karisani, Negin Sud, Amit Li, Liang Gohil, Satyen Schlueter-Kuck, Kristy Zhu, Zhihan Rassenti, Laura Tran, Tuan Cheung, Leo Szafer-Glusman, Iliana Dean, James Chen, Guang Tsuji, Junko Palma, Marzia Månsson, Robert Kay, Neil Rai, Kanti Brown, Jennifer Gribben, John Byrd, John Neuberg, Donna Stewart, Chip Bozic, Ivana Kretzmer, Helene Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Getz, Gad Wu, Catherine Imaging of eggshells and eggs in the gastrointestinal tract: pictorial essay https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh4m3fh Ingestion of eggshell in its natural form or as ground and powdered product has become a popular means of dietary calcium supplementation in adults. These substances appear as conspicuous radiopaque material within the gastrointestinal tract on radiographs or computed tomography of the abdomen. The ingested eggshell fragments are usually visible as curvilinear structures on profile view, whereas the ground or powdered eggshells appear as granular densities. This article illustrates the spectrum of findings that are observed following eggshell ingestion by patients undergoing radiological evaluation for various unrelated medical conditions. Potential complications of eggshell consumption are discussed, and two cases of intra-rectal egg insertion for palliative relief of pelvic pain are presented. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh4m3fh Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R Erdheim-Chester Disease https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t54x22b Erdheim-Chester Disease https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t54x22b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Dorros, Stephen M Karow, David S Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq7m54q Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq7m54q Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R 24.3 Reward Processing and Behavior Traits in Female Youth: Implications for Psychiatric Vulnerabilities https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p35q5w0 24.3 Reward Processing and Behavior Traits in Female Youth: Implications for Psychiatric Vulnerabilities https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p35q5w0 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Shott, Megan Sternheim, Lot Swindle, Skylar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-0447 Pryor, Tamara Frank, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-3441 Littre hernia in adults: imaging features and clinical implications https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hv0v0rt Littre hernia is an inguinal or abdominal wall herniation that contains a Meckel’s diverticulum alone or with other intestinal loops. The diagnosis is usually made at surgery, but its pre-operative radiological recognition has been a challenge due to inherent difficulties in detecting the Meckel’s diverticulum within hernial content. The aim of this article is to present 8 adults in whom a Meckel’s diverticulum protruding into their inguinal, umbilical or incisional hernia had been demonstrated by barium examination of the small bowel or colon, or on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. This series included 7 men and 1 woman, who ranged in age from 34 to 78 years (mean age:57 years). Seven patients had subsequent hernia repair, when the diverticulum was visualized and resected. This report highlights the imaging features of these 8 Littre hernias since only 5% of published cases had been diagnosed pre-operatively because the Meckel’s diverticulum... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hv0v0rt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 CT and MR imaging of the greater omentum: Pictorial essay https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d85t6ts The greater omentum is a unique anatomical structure that serves a critical function in the containment of inflammatory and infectious processes within the abdominal cavity. It is also a common site of involvement by metastases, as well as the primary location for various pathologic lesions of clinical significance. Its fibroadipose composition, large size, and position in the most anterior aspect of abdomen allow accurate visualization of the greater omentum on CT and MR images. Careful evaluation of the greater omentum can provide important clues to the diagnosis of the underlying abdominal disorder. The aim of this article is to present the normal appearance of the greater omentum, and the wide spectrum of its pathological features as demonstrated on CT and MRI of the abdomen. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d85t6ts Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Imaging Torus Lesions of Jaw Bones https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47n184gp Imaging Torus Lesions of Jaw Bones https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47n184gp Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R Ghahremani, Zohreh K Pulsion diverticula of the rectum: Radiological diagnosis and clinical implications https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zf493b8 INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of acquired rectal diverticula on barium enema and computed tomography (CT) and to review the pertinent clinical data about this entity. METHODS: This series included 3 men and 6 women, who ranged in age from 47 to 82&nbsp;years (average: 64&nbsp;years). Air-contrast barium enema in 6 patients with history of anorectal disease or obstructed defecation demonstrated rectal diverticula. In these cases, multiple radiographs of the rectosigmoid region were obtained in upright position while the patient was relaxing or straining without any attempt to evacuate the barium. In 3 cases, the lateral rectal diverticula were incidental finding on CT studies that were performed for various unrelated abdominal complaints. RESULTS: Pulsion type of diverticulum presenting as a wide-neck outpouching was detected on the lateral rectal wall in 5 and on the posterior wall in 4 patients. They measured 2-3&nbsp;cm in diameter when... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zf493b8 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Mittal, Ravinder K Last word: a call to view temperamental traits as dual vulnerabilities and strengths in anorexia nervosa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn835pd Research suggests that individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have certain temperamental traits (e.g. perfectionism, anxiety, harm avoidance), which often onset prior to the eating disorder (ED), and may persist following recovery. Although these traits are often represented as vulnerabilities to developing an ED, there is reason to believe that within certain contexts, these traits may serve as assets. We propose that traits can be harnessed within or outside of treatment to promote long-term success, and possibly relate to recovery. To do so, the current paper will: (1) outline literature on traits viewed as strengths; (2) review precedents for strengths-based interventions drawing from other areas of research; (3) propose a framework for future research to assess these strengths in AN; and (4) discuss the implications of the proposed research for the destigmatization of EDs. This last word calls for a shift to a dual consideration of traits as vulnerabilities and strengths. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn835pd Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Reilly, Erin E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-0747 Wierenga, Christina E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4843-1809 Kaye, Walter H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-4906 5.13 SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m40v6bt 5.13 SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m40v6bt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Krantz, Megan L Goldstein, Tina R Liao, Fangzi Gill, Mary Kay Rooks, Brian Merranko, John Diler, Rasim S Hafeman, Danella Goldstein, Benjamin I Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Strober, Michael Hunt, Jeffrey I Ryan, Neal Keller, Martin B Axelson, David Birmaher, Boris Intramural diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the colon: Pictorial essay https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fd375h9 Diverticulosis of the colon is a gradually progressive disease that usually starts in early adulthood and increases with advancing age in its anatomical extent and the size of diverticula. It is important to recognize the initial stages of diverticular development in young patients in order to properly diagnose and manage the potential complications of this very common intestinal disorder. This article presents the pathological and radiological features of early diverticular formation, when the mucosal outpouchings are very small and contained within the colonic wall as distinct intramural lesions. The subsequent development of intramural diverticulitis and the spectrum of its manifestations on barium enema examination or Computed tomography (CT) are illustrated. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fd375h9 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 LONGITUDINAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT AND RISK IN YOUTHS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDERS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zf68027 LONGITUDINAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT AND RISK IN YOUTHS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDERS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zf68027 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Miklowitz, David J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-6147 Pre-Natal Exposure to Mouse Parvovirus at Day 5 and 12 Gestation Does Not Induce Immune Tolerance https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc2c34k Parvoviruses have a predilection for rapidly dividing cells such as occurs during embryonic development. Potentially, in utero exposure could lead to immune tolerance in progeny mice. To determine if MPV infection in utero results in immune tolerance, pregnant mice were inoculated by oral gavage with 50 ID50 MPV1e or sham inoculated with phosphate buffered saline at day 5 and 12 gestation. Offspring were fostered to MPV-negative recipient dams prior to development of a milk spot. After confirming the offspring were seronegative for MPV by serology and not shedding by fecal PCR, they were challenged with 50 ID50 MPV1e by oral gavage at weaning or sham inoculated. At 4 weeks post inoculation, all weanlings exposed in utero developed antibodies to MPV, and MPV was detected by fecal PCR. Similarly, all weanlings from sham-inoculated dams challenged with MPV developed antibodies and MPV was detected by fecal PCR. None of the sham inoculated weanling mice from MPV infected dams or sham... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc2c34k Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kendall, Lon V Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Henderson, Kenneth S 3.66 Medication Nonadherence in Youth With Bipolar Disorder Is Distinctly Affected by Comorbid ADHD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ct1n13p 3.66 Medication Nonadherence in Youth With Bipolar Disorder Is Distinctly Affected by Comorbid ADHD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ct1n13p Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Elhosary, Mohamed Y Merranko, John Goldstein, Tina R Axelson, David A Goldstein, Benjamin I Keller, Martin B Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Strober, Michael Birmaher, Boris