http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ucsdsom/rss Recent eScholarship items from School of Medicine Fri, 26 Jun 2026 13:20:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dt9x04r <h4>Background</h4>Despite progress in cancer therapeutics, there remains an unmet need for treatment of advanced solid tumors. The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in innate antitumor immunity processes. IMSA101 is a small molecule analog of cGAMP and a potent STING agonist. Preclinical studies demonstrate antitumor activity of IMSA101 alone and in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).<h4>Methods</h4>IMSA101-101 was an open-label, multicenter, phase 1 first-in-human dose-escalation study to establish a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of IMSA101 both as monotherapy and in combination with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-(L)1)-ICI. Secondary objectives were to evaluate safety, tolerability and antitumor activity, and to characterize pharmacokinetics. Adult patients with advanced solid tumors with ≥2 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors evaluable lesions, at least one of these suitable for injection, were enrolled. IMSA101 was administered by... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dt9x04r Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jacoby, Jay Mahalingam, Deva Alistar, Angela Garmey, Edward Kazmi, Syed Mooneyham, Teresa Sun, Lijun Yap, Timothy Vu, Peter Moser, Justin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x54w7h2 <p> <strong>Issues Addressed/Background</strong> </p><p>Patients with suspected malignancy are routinely admitted inpatient for diagnostic evaluation for urgent but not emergent workups, utilizing limited inpatient resources. We wondered if some of these workups could be managed outpatient in a timely manner with the right infrastructure. Conventional oncology referral pathways follow a consultation-first sequence; ie patients are seen, then tested, then redirected, which delays diagnosis and consumes limited clinic capacity. The UCSD Suspicion of Cancer (SoC) clinic was designed around an inverted model: physician-led triage occurs right at referral, testing is coordinated before the first visit, and patients who can be safely redirected to disease-specific teams never need an SoC appointment. This report describes operational outcomes over the first four months following clinic launch in December 2025.</p><p> <strong>Description of the Project</strong> </p><p>The SoC clinic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x54w7h2 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Patel, Tulsi Chau, Spencer Ajmera, Archana McLaughlin, Danielle Siepelmeyer, Lauren Kane, Shelly Hamdan, Ayad Coyne, Christopher Vu, Peter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wm3q63b BACKGROUND: In a recent coordinated meta-analysis of neuroimaging data, we reported gray matter (GM) alterations in acutely underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Here, we extend these findings by examining individual variation in brain structure within AN, individual-level differentiation between AN and healthy controls (HC), and differences between AN subtypes, with potential relevance for understanding clinical heterogeneity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analyzed individual-level data from 11 international sites in the ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group, including 570 female participants with AN and 739 HC. We examined cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes in AN versus HC using three complementary approaches: (i) group-level differences in a mega-analysis correcting for age effects, (ii) frequencies of extreme deviations (infra-/supranormal; z &lt; -1.96/z &gt; 1.96) based on normative reference models by the CentileBrain Initiative, and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wm3q63b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bernardoni, Fabio Arold, Dominic Schoppik, Luis Bahnsen, Klaas Ge, Ruiyang Moreau, Clara Bang, Lasse D'Agata, Federico Abbate-Daga, Giovanni Tamnes, Christian K Campbell, Iain O'Daly, Owen Schmidt, Ulrike Frank, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-3441 Horndasch, Stefanie Hess, Andreas Dörfler, Arnd Friederich, Hans-Christoph Simon, Joe Favaro, Angela Lavagnino, Luca Wierenga, Christina E Bischoff-Grethe, Amanda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-3994 Miles, Amy E Kaplan, Allan Voineskos, Aristotle Smeets, Paul AM van Elburg, Annemarie A Danner, Unna Thomopoulos, Sophia I Berner, Laura Jahanshad, Neda Frangou, Sophia King, Joseph A Thompson, Paul Ehrlich, Stefan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qt914fx The ileal loops are anatomical location for the majority of congenital anomalies affecting the gastrointestinal tract. These include Meckel’s diverticulum, ileal duplication, dysgenesis, atresia, mucosal diaphragm, and malposition of the ileum. Symptomatic lesions that often present with abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction or bleeding are usually diagnosed and treated during infancy and childhood. However, many of these congenital conditions may remain clinically silent and detected incidentally in adults undergoing radiological evaluation for unrelated medical reasons. This article presents the spectrum of the congenital ileal anomalies and their distinct features on small bowel examination and CT of the abdomen. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qt914fx Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bh0f0dw Limy Bile Syndrome https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bh0f0dw Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93w5x62b The original article was published with incorrect funding information. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93w5x62b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 MacPherson, Heather A Kudinova, Anastacia Y Schettini, Elana Jenkins, Gracie A Gilbert, Anna C Thomas, Sarah A Kim, Kerri L Radoeva, Petya D Fenerci, Rebecca L Babcock Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Hunt, Jeffrey Keller, Martin B Dickstein, Daniel P https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q20b604 Objectives: To build a one-year risk calculator (RC) to predict individualized risk for suicide attempt in early-onset bipolar disorder. Methods: Youth numbering 394 with bipolar disorder who completed ≥2 follow-up assessments (median follow-up length = 13.1 years) in the longitudinal Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study were included. Suicide attempt over follow-up was assessed via the A-LIFE Self-Injurious/Suicidal Behavior scale. Predictors from the literature on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder that are readily assessed in clinical practice were selected and trichotomized as appropriate (presence past 6 months/lifetime history only/no lifetime history). The RC was trained via boosted multinomial classification trees; predictions were calibrated via Platt scaling. Half of the sample was used to train, and the other half to independently test the RC. Results: There were 249 suicide attempts among 106 individuals. Ten predictors accounted for &gt;90% of the cross-validated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8q20b604 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Goldstein, Tina R Merranko, John Hafeman, Danella Gill, Mary Kay Liao, Fangzi Sewall, Craig Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Weinstock, Lauren Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Benjamin Keller, Martin Strober, Michael Ryan, Neal Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kr5p9fj BACKGROUND: The ability to predict an individual's risk of mood episode recurrence can facilitate personalized medicine in bipolar disorder (BD). We sought to externally validate, in an adult sample, a risk calculator of mood episode recurrence developed in youth/young adults with BD from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study. METHODS: Adult participants from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study (CDS; N=258; mean(SD) age=35.5(12.0) years; mean follow-up=24.9 years) were utilized as a sample to validate the youth COBY risk calculator for onset of depressive, manic, or any mood episodes. RESULTS: In this older validation sample, the risk calculator predicted recurrence of any episode over 1, 2, 3, or 5-year follow-up intervals, with Area Under the Curves (AUCs) approximating 0.77. The AUC for prediction of depressive episodes was about 0.81 for each of the time windows, which was higher than for manic or hypomanic episodes (AUC=0.72).... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kr5p9fj Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fiedorowicz, Jess G Merranko, John A Iyengar, Satish Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Gill, Mary Kay Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Tina R Strober, Michael Hafeman, Danella Keller, Martin B Goldstein, Benjamin I Diler, Rasim S Hunt, Jeffrey I Birmaher, Boris B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fj3s9mf The smooth muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and skeletal muscles of the crural diaphragm (CD) provide a closure/antireflux barrier mechanism at the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ). A number of questions in regard to the pressure profile of the LES and CD remain unclear, e.g., <i>1</i>) Why is the LES pressure profile circumferentially asymmetric, <i>2</i>) Is the crural diaphragm (CD) contraction also circumferentially asymmetric, and <i>3</i>) Where is the LES and CD pressure profile located in the anatomy of the esophagus and stomach? The three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) catheter can record a detailed profile of the EGJ pressure; however, it does not allow the determination of the circumferential orientation of individual pressure transducers in vivo. We used computed tomography (CT) scan imaging in combination with 3-D EGJ pressure recordings to determine the functional morphology of the LES and CD and its relationship to the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fj3s9mf Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mittal, Ravinder K Zifan, Ali Kumar, Dushyant Ledgerwood-Lee, Melissa Ruppert, Erika Ghahremani, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8949q1j5 6.20 The Effect of Traumatic Events on the Longitudinal Course of Youth With Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8949q1j5 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Pascual, Maria Andreu Levenson, Jessica C Goldstein, Tina R Gill, Mary Kay Merranko, John Axelson, David Goldstein, Benjamin I Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Yen, Shirley Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84g86486 Abstract Introduction: Hypogammaglobulinemia is common in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Per consensus guidelines, Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis is generally reserved for patients who have had recurrent, serious infections (e.g., those requiring IV antibiotics or hospitalization) and who also have serum IgG &lt; 500 mg/dL. While prior studies demonstrated reduced infections with IVIG without survival benefit, these were conducted prior to the era of contemporary CLL therapies. We conducted an analysis of infectious outcomes in CLL patients who received IVIG between 2005 and 2022. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of CLL patients at a single institution. Patients who consented to CLL research were identified based on receipt of IVIG. Patients were excluded if they received IVIG for alternative indications (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia). Infection frequency and severity were assessed during the year prior to and the year following... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84g86486 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shah, Nirja Patel, Tulsi Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Choi, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tg5z4wf Abstract Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-associated hypogammaglobulinemia is well-established. A degree of humoral immune reconstitution has been reported after ibrutinib and after venetoclax plus rituximab (Ven + R). We assessed improvement in immunoglobulin levels after different Ven-based treatments, including Ven monotherapy, combinations with rituximab or obinutuzumab (Ven + O), and combination with ibrutinib (Ven + I). Methods: Patients with CLL who received treatment with Ven at our single center during the years 2012-2024 were evaluated in this retrospective chart review analysis. Recurrent courses of Ven were each considered discretely. Patients were excluded from analysis if they did not have at least 1 quantitative immunoglobulin measurement both within 1 year prior to Ven initiation and post-treatment. Patients with a paraprotein were excluded from analysis of that Ig class. Patients who received IVIG were excluded from IgG analysis. Data were extracted... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tg5z4wf Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Patel, Tulsi Shah, Nirja Heyman, Benjamin Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Choi, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7493374w BackgroundIntravenous self-administration (IVSA) of opioids by rats has been shown frequently to exhibit no sex differences, in many cases a higher intake of females, and only rarely higher rates in males. A diversity of methodological parameters (opioid identity, training doses, rat strain, session duration) makes it difficult to identify consistent contributions to these outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine if Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats derived from 8 founder strains differ by sex in the IVSA of opioids.MethodsMale and female Heterogeneous Stock (N = 7–8 per sex) rats were permitted to self-administer heroin (20&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) in 2&nbsp;h sessions under a Fixed Ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. After acquisition, animals completed sessions in which different infusion doses of heroin (0, 15, 30, 60, 120&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion), oxycodone (0, 30, 60, 150, 300&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) and fentanyl (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0&nbsp;µg/kg/infusion) were assessed. Next, animals were evaluated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7493374w Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Taffe, Michael A Mehl, Sydney L Rahman, Sara RMU Grant, Yanabel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71t730vt The properitoneal fat pad is a distinctive anatomical structure located in the midline of anterior abdominal wall between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum. It has variable size and configuration depending on the gender and nutritional status of individuals, but CT and MR images of the upper abdomen can readily depict its shape and adipose composition. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the CT and MRI features of normal properitoneal fat pad, and the spectrum of pathological processes that affect it among patients. This information can be relevant to the practicing radiologists and clinicians for the correct diagnosis and management of such conditions because most lesions of this fat pad produce nonspecific symptoms. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71t730vt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rn7083q Domestic cats (Felis catus) are understudied regarding how commercial diets impact their gut microbiomes. Here, we reanalyzed the 16S rRNA gene (V4) amplicon sequencing Kittybiome dataset, using new tools and techniques. Results demonstrated significant microbial composition differences between cats eating commercial dry kibble diets and those eating canned wet food. Kibble-fed cats showed enriched Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, and Megamonas amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs), linked to carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disease. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rn7083q Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Ganz, Holly H Rojas, Connie A Knight, Rob https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g07847v Demonstration of a very dense or hyper-attenuated liver on the pre-contrast CT images of the abdomen can be an unexpected finding. It may present as a diagnostic challenge if the underlying cause of it is not apparent from the provided clinical history. There are about 12 different pathologic conditions that are associated with deposition of radiopaque elements within the hepatic parenchyma, resulting in diffuse or multi-lobar hyperdense appearance of the liver on abdominal radiographs and CT. Most of them are drug-induced or iatrogenic in nature, while others are the sequelae of genetic disorders like thalassemia, Wilson's disease, and primary hemochromatosis. This pictorial essay will present the CT appearance and etiology of hyper-attenuated liver in various clinical entities. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g07847v Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Hahn, Michael E Fishman, Elliot K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c96j3c6 3.5 Validation of the Youth Suicide Risk Calculator in an Adult Sample with Bipolar Disorder https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6c96j3c6 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Fiedorowicz, Jess G Merranko, John A Goldstein, Tina R Iyengar, Satish Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Gill, Mary Kay Yen, Shirley Strober, Michael Hafeman, Danella M Keller, Martin B Goldstein, Benjamin I Diler, Rasim Somer Hunt, Jeffrey I Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rb0g4kn Remarkable progress in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment across hematologic malignancies has been achieved in the past two decades. Nevertheless, the reliable elimination of disease remains elusive for many cancers. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exemplifies the needs that must be addressed to close the gap between discovery science and remaining clinical challenges. In CLL, targeted therapies have substantially prolonged survival and enabled long-term disease control for many patients. However, curative outcomes remain exceptional, particularly in high-risk groups such as those with TP53 disruption, dual resistance to BTK and BCL2 inhibitors, or transformation to aggressive lymphoma. Recent insights into the interconnection between cancer and immunity have positioned CLL as a model example of cancer-associated immunodeficiency-a realization brought into sharp focus by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic where CLL patients were at extremely high-risk for infection... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5rb0g4kn Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wu, Catherine J Caligaris-Cappio, Federico Chiorazzi, Nicholas Gribben, John G Hallek, Michael J Wierda, William G Kipps, Thomas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cx0g4k4 9.1 PREDICTORS OF LONGITUDINAL PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER TRANSITIONING TO ADULTS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cx0g4k4 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cm4b6x4 Abstract BACKGROUND Whilst the broad clonal architecture of naturally progressing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been described, a comprehensive picture of how chemotherapy and targeted agents reshape that landscape is lacking. Here we integrate clone-specific growth kinetics with mutational profiles, transcriptomic subtypes, and CpG-methylation-based epigenetic classes to capture the multidimensional evolutionary responses of CLL under native conditions and during treatment. METHODS We previously reported a systematic whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 417 leukemia–germline pairs from 169 treatment-naïve patients ≥ 65 y (Karisani et al., Blood 2024). The treatment arm comprised 83 patients who received ibrutinib and 39 who received chlorambucil in the RESONATE-2 trial (NCT01722487). Forty-seven age-matched “watch-and-wait” patients from the CLL Research Consortium served as untreated controls. Peripheral-blood samples were collected at baseline and again ~300 d... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cm4b6x4 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Karisani, Negin Sud, Amit Li, Liang Gohil, Satyen Schlueter-Kuck, Kristy Zhu, Zhihan Rassenti, Laura Tran, Tuan Cheung, Leo Szafer-Glusman, Iliana Dean, James Chen, Guang Tsuji, Junko Palma, Marzia Månsson, Robert Kay, Neil Rai, Kanti Brown, Jennifer Gribben, John Byrd, John Neuberg, Donna Stewart, Chip Bozic, Ivana Kretzmer, Helene Kipps, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-4549 Getz, Gad Wu, Catherine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh4m3fh Ingestion of eggshell in its natural form or as ground and powdered product has become a popular means of dietary calcium supplementation in adults. These substances appear as conspicuous radiopaque material within the gastrointestinal tract on radiographs or computed tomography of the abdomen. The ingested eggshell fragments are usually visible as curvilinear structures on profile view, whereas the ground or powdered eggshells appear as granular densities. This article illustrates the spectrum of findings that are observed following eggshell ingestion by patients undergoing radiological evaluation for various unrelated medical conditions. Potential complications of eggshell consumption are discussed, and two cases of intra-rectal egg insertion for palliative relief of pelvic pain are presented. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xh4m3fh Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t54x22b Erdheim-Chester Disease https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t54x22b Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Dorros, Stephen M Karow, David S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq7m54q Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq7m54q Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p35q5w0 24.3 Reward Processing and Behavior Traits in Female Youth: Implications for Psychiatric Vulnerabilities https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4p35q5w0 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Shott, Megan Sternheim, Lot Swindle, Skylar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-0447 Pryor, Tamara Frank, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-3441 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hv0v0rt Littre hernia is an inguinal or abdominal wall herniation that contains a Meckel’s diverticulum alone or with other intestinal loops. The diagnosis is usually made at surgery, but its pre-operative radiological recognition has been a challenge due to inherent difficulties in detecting the Meckel’s diverticulum within hernial content. The aim of this article is to present 8 adults in whom a Meckel’s diverticulum protruding into their inguinal, umbilical or incisional hernia had been demonstrated by barium examination of the small bowel or colon, or on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. This series included 7 men and 1 woman, who ranged in age from 34 to 78 years (mean age:57 years). Seven patients had subsequent hernia repair, when the diverticulum was visualized and resected. This report highlights the imaging features of these 8 Littre hernias since only 5% of published cases had been diagnosed pre-operatively because the Meckel’s diverticulum... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hv0v0rt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d85t6ts The greater omentum is a unique anatomical structure that serves a critical function in the containment of inflammatory and infectious processes within the abdominal cavity. It is also a common site of involvement by metastases, as well as the primary location for various pathologic lesions of clinical significance. Its fibroadipose composition, large size, and position in the most anterior aspect of abdomen allow accurate visualization of the greater omentum on CT and MR images. Careful evaluation of the greater omentum can provide important clues to the diagnosis of the underlying abdominal disorder. The aim of this article is to present the normal appearance of the greater omentum, and the wide spectrum of its pathological features as demonstrated on CT and MRI of the abdomen. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d85t6ts Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47n184gp Imaging Torus Lesions of Jaw Bones https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47n184gp Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R Ghahremani, Zohreh K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zf493b8 INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of acquired rectal diverticula on barium enema and computed tomography (CT) and to review the pertinent clinical data about this entity. METHODS: This series included 3 men and 6 women, who ranged in age from 47 to 82&nbsp;years (average: 64&nbsp;years). Air-contrast barium enema in 6 patients with history of anorectal disease or obstructed defecation demonstrated rectal diverticula. In these cases, multiple radiographs of the rectosigmoid region were obtained in upright position while the patient was relaxing or straining without any attempt to evacuate the barium. In 3 cases, the lateral rectal diverticula were incidental finding on CT studies that were performed for various unrelated abdominal complaints. RESULTS: Pulsion type of diverticulum presenting as a wide-neck outpouching was detected on the lateral rectal wall in 5 and on the posterior wall in 4 patients. They measured 2-3&nbsp;cm in diameter when... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3zf493b8 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Mittal, Ravinder K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn835pd Research suggests that individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have certain temperamental traits (e.g. perfectionism, anxiety, harm avoidance), which often onset prior to the eating disorder (ED), and may persist following recovery. Although these traits are often represented as vulnerabilities to developing an ED, there is reason to believe that within certain contexts, these traits may serve as assets. We propose that traits can be harnessed within or outside of treatment to promote long-term success, and possibly relate to recovery. To do so, the current paper will: (1) outline literature on traits viewed as strengths; (2) review precedents for strengths-based interventions drawing from other areas of research; (3) propose a framework for future research to assess these strengths in AN; and (4) discuss the implications of the proposed research for the destigmatization of EDs. This last word calls for a shift to a dual consideration of traits as vulnerabilities and strengths. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vn835pd Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Reilly, Erin E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-0747 Wierenga, Christina E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4843-1809 Kaye, Walter H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-4906 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m40v6bt 5.13 SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m40v6bt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Krantz, Megan L Goldstein, Tina R Liao, Fangzi Gill, Mary Kay Rooks, Brian Merranko, John Diler, Rasim S Hafeman, Danella Goldstein, Benjamin I Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Strober, Michael Hunt, Jeffrey I Ryan, Neal Keller, Martin B Axelson, David Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fd375h9 Diverticulosis of the colon is a gradually progressive disease that usually starts in early adulthood and increases with advancing age in its anatomical extent and the size of diverticula. It is important to recognize the initial stages of diverticular development in young patients in order to properly diagnose and manage the potential complications of this very common intestinal disorder. This article presents the pathological and radiological features of early diverticular formation, when the mucosal outpouchings are very small and contained within the colonic wall as distinct intramural lesions. The subsequent development of intramural diverticulitis and the spectrum of its manifestations on barium enema examination or Computed tomography (CT) are illustrated. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fd375h9 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zf68027 LONGITUDINAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT AND RISK IN YOUTHS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDERS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zf68027 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Miklowitz, David J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-6147 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc2c34k Parvoviruses have a predilection for rapidly dividing cells such as occurs during embryonic development. Potentially, in utero exposure could lead to immune tolerance in progeny mice. To determine if MPV infection in utero results in immune tolerance, pregnant mice were inoculated by oral gavage with 50 ID50 MPV1e or sham inoculated with phosphate buffered saline at day 5 and 12 gestation. Offspring were fostered to MPV-negative recipient dams prior to development of a milk spot. After confirming the offspring were seronegative for MPV by serology and not shedding by fecal PCR, they were challenged with 50 ID50 MPV1e by oral gavage at weaning or sham inoculated. At 4 weeks post inoculation, all weanlings exposed in utero developed antibodies to MPV, and MPV was detected by fecal PCR. Similarly, all weanlings from sham-inoculated dams challenged with MPV developed antibodies and MPV was detected by fecal PCR. None of the sham inoculated weanling mice from MPV infected dams or sham... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nc2c34k Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kendall, Lon V Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Henderson, Kenneth S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ct1n13p 3.66 Medication Nonadherence in Youth With Bipolar Disorder Is Distinctly Affected by Comorbid ADHD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ct1n13p Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Elhosary, Mohamed Y Merranko, John Goldstein, Tina R Axelson, David A Goldstein, Benjamin I Keller, Martin B Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Strober, Michael Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2366t6jt This article reports 2 adult patients who had developed an acute allergic reaction to food ingredients or medications, respectively. Both patients presented with concurrent urticaria of the skin and colon. The latter finding appeared as numerous raised plaques of the colonic mucosa on radiographic and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen. The urticarial lesions affecting the skin and large bowel resembled each other and resolved after treatment with antihistamines. Pertinent clinical data and previously published cases of this unusual entity are briefly reviewed. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2366t6jt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21c5k92g INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this report was to present the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of Krukenberg tumors and to review the pertinent clinical data about the rising incidence of this malignancy among young women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This series included 8 women who ranged in age from 24 to 44 years (mean, 36.3 years). They were diagnosed to have Krukenberg tumors during a 5-year period (2011-2016). All patients were evaluated by abdominal CT and pelvic or transvaginal sonography. Five of them also had MRI of the abdomen, and 3 had positron emission tomography scans. RESULTS: The primary cancer was located in the stomach of 7 patients and in the colon in 1. The initial presentation was due to large pelvic mass and abdominal distention by ascites in 3 patients, gastrointestinal symptoms in 4, and small bowel obstruction by carcinoma of the ascending colon in 1 woman. Ovarian metastases were demonstrated on the initial imaging examination... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21c5k92g Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p98t8dv 28.3 PERSON-LEVEL PREDICTION OF PROGRESSION ALONG THE BIPOLAR TRAJECTORY https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p98t8dv Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hafeman, Danella Merranko, John Goldstein, Benjamin I Sakolsky, Dara J Diler, Rasim Somer Axelson, David Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Birmaher, Boris Group, Coby Group, Bios https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nh9n9bd To report the radiological features of intestinal ascariasis and to review the clinical implications of this re-emerging disease for adult population of the USA. This retrospective observational study involved 12 adult patients, whose radiological examinations disclosed unsuspected presence of ascaris in their intestinal tract. They were evaluated by computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast, small bowel series with barium, and magnetic resonance enterography. This series included 7 men and 5 women, who ranged in age from 19 to 72&nbsp;years (mean age 48&nbsp;years). The typical configuration of ascaris within the bowel loops was demonstrated on CT of the abdomen in 5 patients, small bowel examination with barium in 3, and by MR enterography in another 4 cases. Our study highlights the radiological appearances of intestinal ascariasis and the clinical implications of this resurging disease. The practicing radiologists should be aware of these findings, particularly... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nh9n9bd Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Hahn, Michael E https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k25s878 Hepatic Peliosis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1k25s878 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d46360w An essential aspect of population-based research is collecting samples outside of a clinical setting. This is crucial because microbial populations are highly dynamic, varying significantly across hosts, environments, and time points, a variability that clinical sample collection alone cannot fully capture. At-home sample collection enables the inclusion of a larger and more diverse group of participants, accounting for differences in ethnicity, age, and other factors. However, managing large studies is challenging due to the complexities involved in sample acquisition, processing, and analysis. Building on our previous work demonstrating the effectiveness of single 1 mL barcoded, racked Matrix Tubes in reducing sample processing time and well-to-well contamination for paired DNA and metabolite extraction, we further validate this method against a previously benchmarked plate-based approach using the same extraction reagents. This validation focuses on samples from the built environment,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d46360w Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Brennan, Caitriona https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-6701 Shaffer, Justin P Belda-Ferre, Pedro Mohanty, Ipsita Weng, Yuhan Cantrell, Kalen Ackermann, Gail Allaband, Celeste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1832-4858 Bryant, MacKenzie Farmer, Sawyer González, Antonio McDonald, Daniel Martino, Cameron Meehan, Michael J Rahman, Gibraan Salido, Rodolfo A Schwartz, Tara Song, Jin Tribelhorn, Caitlin Tubb, Helena M Dorrestein, Pieter C Knight, Rob https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18x8f0tt PREDICTORS OF COURSE AND OUTCOMES IN YOUTHS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDERS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18x8f0tt Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Youngstrom, Eric https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1775n8c9 FOLLOWING YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER INTO ADULTHOOD: NEW FINDINGS FROM THE COURSE AND OUTCOME OF BIPOLAR YOUTH (COBY) STUDY Symposia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1775n8c9 Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Romero, Soledad Estrada, Xavier Borras, Roger Merranko, John Goldstein, Tina Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Hafeman, Danella Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Benjamin Diler, Rasim Strober, Michael Ryan, Neal Gill, Mary Kay Hunt, Jeffrey Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11c2h5gk OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are latitude and seasonal differences in the prevalence of mood episodes (depression and mania) in youth and young adults with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BD). METHODS: Mood polarity was prospectively evaluated in 413 participants with BD. Participants were enrolled in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study at three sites (University of California Los Angeles-UCLA, Brown University, and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-UPMC) and interviewed on average every 7&nbsp;months for an average of 91.9&nbsp;months (range: 6-228&nbsp;months), with a total of 274,123 weekly mood ratings. Associations between light exposure and mood polarity were estimated using generalized linear mixed models with time-varying covariates, considering the latitude and seasonality of the study sites and other potential confounders. RESULTS: Average age at intake and at last assessment was 12.6&nbsp;±&nbsp;3.3 and 27.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;4.8&nbsp;years-old,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11c2h5gk Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Estrada-Prat, Xavier Romero, Soledad Borras, Roger Merranko, John Goldstein, Tina Hafeman, Danella Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Yen, Shirley Hunt, Jeffrey Goldstein, Benjamin Ryan, Neal Diler, Rasim Strober, Michael Gill, MaryKay Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w44m5fs In human foetus, the mesenteries that carry vascular and neural supply to the alimentary tube play an important role in its development and anatomical location within the abdominal cavity. The mesenteric attachments of the small bowel, transverse colon and sigmoid allow them to be intraperitoneally mobile structures. In contrast, the ascending and descending colon lose their mesenteries by fusion with the parietal peritoneum and become fixed in retroperitoneal position along the posterolateral walls of the abdomen. In about 2%-4% of individuals, this process is disrupted, causing a complete or partial retention of their congenital mesocolon. The ascending or descending colon will then remain intraperitoneally mobile, affecting the normal visceral anatomy and causing potential complications. This article reviews the spectrum of radiological manifestations and clinical consequences of these anomalies. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0w44m5fs Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv9975n PurposeIngestion of a toothbrush is an unusual event but may occur either accident or by intent. Radiological examinations play a crucial role in determining the exact location of the object within the gastrointestinal tract and in planning for its removal by endoscopic or surgical intervention.MethodsMedical and radiological records of 8 patients who had swallowed the broken heads or entire toothbrush were retrospectively reviewed. This series included 4 men and 4 women, ranging in age from 21 to 57 years (mean: 34 years).ResultsRadiographs and computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated the ingested toothbrushes within the stomach in 3, lodged in the duodenum in 1, and entrapped in various parts of the colon in 4 patients. They were removed by laparotomy in 3, laparoscopy in 2, colonoscopy in 2, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 1 patient. There were no perforations or associated complications, and all patients had uneventful recoveries.ConclusionsIngested toothbrushes... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vv9975n Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Richman, Katherine M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sf6g43k Giant Sigmoid Diverticulum: Imaging Features and Management https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0sf6g43k Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c26747m Hepatic Peliosis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0c26747m Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4492 Naimi, David R https://escholarship.org/uc/item/062755pq The Relationship Between Anxiety and Eating Pathology: Novel Insights From Genetics, Childhood Temperamental Traits, Neuroimaging, and Treatments https://escholarship.org/uc/item/062755pq Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Micali, Nadia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03q6v6kx 2.58 HEIGHTENED IRRITABILITY DISTINGUISHES ADULTS WITH COMORBID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER IN A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF BIPOLAR DISORDER https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03q6v6kx Thu, 18 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hoyos, Cintly Celis-de Yen, Shirley Hower, Heather Meg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Weinstock, Lauren M Murage, Daniel Dickstein, Daniel P Hunt, Jeffrey I Strober, Michael Birmaher, Boris Keller, Martin B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81s3h6k2 During cell stress, endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy) receptors remodel the ER by sequestering membrane proteins (cargo) into autophagosomes for degradation. The conserved ER-phagy receptor, Atg40, contains a motif that binds to Atg8 and a reticulon homology domain that is needed for vacuolar/lysosomal delivery. Cargo capture, however, requires the Atg40 binding partner Lst1/SEC24C. To address whether lipids regulate cargo capture during ER-phagy, we analyzed autophagy in neutral lipid-deficient cells. Unexpectedly, we found that Atg40 was delivered to the vacuole in autophagosomes without Lst1/SEC24C or cargo in mutant cells. Lipidomic analysis revealed changes in the ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in the neutral lipid-deficient cells that are predicted to alter ER membrane bendability. Our findings imply that phospholipids control cargo sequestration by regulating receptor-cargo coupling at autophagic sites. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81s3h6k2 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Shuliang Banerjee, Subhrajit Liu, Dongmei Kumar, Kamal Obara, Christopher Novick, Peter Prinz, William Ferro-Novick, Susan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m40k0gc INTRODUCTION: Metformin may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but findings from previous studies have been inconsistent and had insufficient sample sizes to examine whether the association differs by anatomic site. This study examined whether metformin was associated with reduced CRC risk, both overall and stratified by anatomic site, in a large sample of persons with diabetes who underwent colonoscopy. METHODS: We performed a case-control study of US Veterans with prevalent diabetes who underwent colonoscopy between 1999 and 2014 using Department of Veterans Affairs electronic health record data. Cases were defined by presence of CRC at colonoscopy, while controls had normal colonoscopy. The primary exposure was metformin use at time of colonoscopy (yes/no). Association of metformin exposure with CRC (further stratified by proximal, distal, or rectal subsite) was examined using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression and summarized by odds ratios... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m40k0gc Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Demb, Joshua Yaseyyedi, Armaan Liu, Lin Bustamante, Ranier Earles, Ashley Ghosh, Pradipta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-3201 Gutkind, J Silvio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-4482 Gawron, Andrew J Kaltenbach, Tonya R Martinez, Maria Elena Gupta, Samir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-5002 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 BACKGROUND: Living in a country with a large gap between high and low earners has been linked to poor health, including depression. Less studied is gene-by-environment interplay with income inequality as the environmental exposure. Here, we examine the association between childhood exposure to inequality and individual differences in adult depressive symptoms, testing for moderation of genetic influences by inequality using polygenic indices for major depressive disorder, as well as twin models. METHODS: The research participants were 69,924 members of twin studies from four developed countries, born between 1893 and 1979, aged 22-103 years at depressive symptom assessment. Genotyping was available for 6,256 participants. Income inequality was operationalized as share of income accruing to the top 1% for each country when the participants were between age 5 and 15 years. RESULTS: Childhood income inequality was associated with depressive symptom scores in adulthood, adjusting... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68c924z0 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Petkus, Andrew J Reynolds, Chandra A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-7173 Finch, Brian K Thomas, Kyla Beam, Christopher R Catts, Vibeke S Ericsson, Malin Finkel, Deborah G Franz, Carol E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755 Kremen, William S Larsen, Lisbeth Aagaard Martin, Nicholas G McGue, Matt Mosing, Miriam A Neiderhiser, Jenae M Nygaard, Marianne Pedersen, Nancy L Thalamuthu, Anbupalam Whitfield, Keith E Gatz, Margaret Consortium, the IGEMS https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07z3b7wj HLA sensitization poses a major challenge to kidney transplantation for patients with end-stage kidney disease, especially for highly sensitized candidates. Attempts at antibody elimination (desensitization) have had inconsistent efficacy and have often failed to produce sustained reductions in anti-HLA antibodies in patients with the highest level of sensitization (calculated panel-reactive antibody score, ≥99.9%). We now report the results for the safety run-in cohort of a multicenter phase 1 clinical study evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined CD19-targeted and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor&nbsp;(CAR) T cells in eliminating the cellular sources of preformed anti-HLA antibodies (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT06056102). Kidney transplantation was performed in two highly sensitized candidates after desensitization with the use of dual CAR T-cell therapy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07z3b7wj Wed, 17 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bhoj, Vijay Kaminski, Mary Zhao, Huiwu Jackson, Kyle Wang, Wei Liu, Chengyang Montgomery, Robert Ali, Nicole Mangiola, Massimo Spitzer, Thomas Safa, Kassem Pattanayak, Vikram Taj, Raeda Chiu, Joy Bui, Thanh-Mai Sonnenberg, Elizabeth Markmann, James Milone, Michael June, Carl Siegel, Don Fraietta, Joseph Gonzalez, Vanessa Locci, Michela Palmer, Matthew Monos, Dimitri Hwang, Wei-Ting Sledge, Tina Bridges, Nancy Goldstein, Julia Odim, Jonah Sweet, Stuart Besharatian, Behdad Hussain, Sabiha Brown, Nicholas Kamoun, Malek Garfall, Alfred Naji, Ali https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d21326j Larry and the Contraband Lo Mein https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d21326j Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Butler, John T https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dp9m0qs From linker stability to linker fitness: redefining ADC design for clinical translation https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dp9m0qs Sun, 7 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ma, Wenxue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-6162 Klacking, Emma Jamieson, Catriona https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34974766 Purpose Xerostomia remains a common toxicity following head and neck radiotherapy (RT) that significantly impacts patients' quality of life (QOL). Although intensity-modulated RT reduces the dose to the salivary glands, many patients still experience salivary gland toxicity. Methods and Materials This study examined the association between radiation-induced volume changes in the parotid and submandibular glands, mean dose to the salivary glands, and intra-gland dose distribution, as well as its relationship to QOL scores, over a median follow-up period of 47 months. Results Analysis of 329 patients using a linear mixed-effects model revealed distinct volume change patterns. The parotid glands initially underwent significant volume reduction but subsequently showed dose-dependent recovery, increasing in volume by an average rate of 2.4% per doubling of time. This recovery was negatively impacted by higher age and poor performance status. Conversely, the submandibular glands gradually... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34974766 Sun, 7 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Seo, Yuji Tamari, Keisuke Hayashi, Kazuhiko Hirata, Takero Tatekawa, Shotaro Isohashi, Fumiaki Takenaka, Yukinori Suzuki, Motoyuki Fukusumi, Takahito Eguchi, Hirotaka Inohara, Hidenori Ogawa, Kazuhiko https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t41k77x OBJECTIVES: To build a one-year risk calculator (RC) to predict individualized risk for suicide attempt in early-onset bipolar disorder. METHODS: Youth numbering 394 with bipolar disorder who completed ≥2 follow-up assessments (median follow-up length&nbsp;=&nbsp;13.1 years) in the longitudinal Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study were included. Suicide attempt over follow-up was assessed via the A-LIFE Self-Injurious/Suicidal Behavior scale. Predictors from the literature on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder that are readily assessed in clinical practice were selected and trichotomized as appropriate (presence past 6&nbsp;months/lifetime history only/no lifetime history). The RC was trained via boosted multinomial classification trees; predictions were calibrated via Platt scaling. Half of the sample was used to train, and the other half to independently test the RC. RESULTS: There were 249 suicide attempts among 106 individuals. Ten predictors accounted for &gt;90%... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t41k77x Fri, 5 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Goldstein, Tina R Merranko, John Hafeman, Danella Gill, Mary Kay Liao, Fangzi Sewall, Craig Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Weinstock, Lauren Yen, Shirley Goldstein, Benjamin Keller, Martin Strober, Michael Ryan, Neal Birmaher, Boris https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7294v0bz <h4>Objective</h4>Eating disorders (ED), particularly anorexia nervosa (AN), share neurobiological characteristics with Parkinson's Disease (PD) (e.g.,&nbsp;premorbid anxiety, dopaminergic dysfunction, harm avoidance, weight loss), suggesting common vulnerability. The present study built upon these observations, an AN patient's reported family history of Parkinson's Disease (RFHoPD), and AN:PD genetic correlation estimates, by ascertaining RFHoPD in families of individuals with PD.<h4>Method</h4>We ascertained RFHoPD among ED patients and community participants, and estimated relative risks (RRs) for AN, Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and Binge Eating Disorder (BED).<h4>Results</h4>In the total sample (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;1135), we observed increased RFHoPD among patients and community participants meeting criteria for ED diagnoses (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;727) versus community participants without an ED diagnosis (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;408). For AN, RFHoPD prevalence was 6.6%, versus 3.4% (χ²&nbsp;=&nbsp;4.638,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7294v0bz Fri, 5 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Krueger, Angeline Bergen, Andrew W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-7644 Litvan, Irene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-3445 Filoteo, Vincent Makowski, Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-4549 Murray, Susan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-0357 McGlone, Karlee Garvin, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2204-7569 Drouin, Andi Kauffman, Alyssa Steele, Caroline Hower, Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-2059 Kaye, Walter H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-4906 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j514743 Withdrawal: “Torus lesions of the jaw: Diagnosis and clinical implications” Gary G. Ghahremani, David R. Naimi, Zohreh K. Ghahremani https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7j514743 Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G Naimi, David R Ghahremani, Zohreh K https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6v7123j7 <h4>Introduction</h4>The number of medical specialists whose training programs provide robust education in dementia diagnosis and treatment pales in comparison to the increasing number of individuals living with dementia. Primary care providers (PCPs) care for most older adults with cognitive concerns and dementia. Summarized here are the results of an effort to help PCPs care for these patients using targeted training and electronic medical record&nbsp;(EMR)-integrated clinical algorithms.<h4>Methods</h4>Clinicians from two University of California San Diego Family Medicine Clinics completed assessments of dementia knowledge and comfort in caring for patients and family members impacted by dementia four times: enrollment, and approximately two, nine and 15 months after a three-component intervention: 1) training via four online educational modules (six hours total) on screening, evaluation, and care of patients with dementia; 2) integration of clinical algorithms into the EMR... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6v7123j7 Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Sewell, Daniel D Kallenberg, Gene Mandel, Barbara Mandvi, Ammar https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4097-8720 Asmus, Lisa Neel, Ian C Heimler, Graham Andrew, William Lobatz, Michael https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j33g0qx Synapse loss is an early feature of prion disease, yet the underlying drivers are poorly understood. We recently found evidence of neuronal hyperactivity and synaptic loss in prion-infected mice. Herein, we identified increased Arc/Arg3.1 in patients with prion disease, suggesting heightened neuronal activity also occurs in the human prion-affected brain. To determine the signaling events initiated by prion aggregates (PrPSc), we developed a disease model in which human iPSC-derived excitatory neurons are stimulated with a PrPSc-mimetic antibody, POM1, that binds cellular prion protein (PrPC). Within 2 h of POM1 exposure, we detected an Arc/Arg3.1 response together with transcriptomic changes previously reported in prion-infected mice. We identified altered phosphorylation of PLC-γ1, ERK1/2, and EGFR as additional PrPC-triggered cell signaling events. These results suggest that PrPC ligands, including PrPSc, trigger rapid signaling events linked to neuronal hyperactivity in human... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j33g0qx Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ojeda-Juarez, Daniel Funk, Gail McClatchy, Daniel B Richards, Emily Rajic, Alexander J Soldau, Katrin Geschwind, Michael D Chen, Xu Yates, John R Gonias, Steven L Sigurdson, Christina J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x83139r An introduction to the special issue on the state of the art research on treatment and prevention of eating disorders on ethnic minorities https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x83139r Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Perez, Marisol Ramirez, Ana L Trujillo-ChiVacuán, Eva https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49v5295n Mutations in the SOX2 gene have been previously linked to a syndromic form of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, with additional ocular and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Recently, we reported a functional role for SOX2 in hypothalamic kisspeptin-expressing neurons and established a mechanistic relationship between SOX2 heterozygous variants and isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. To further test the role of Sox2 in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, we generated mice with a whole-body heterozygous knockout of Sox2 (Sox2WT/KO). We found that heterozygous loss of Sox2 significantly delayed pubertal onset in both male and female Sox2WT/KO mice compared to wild-ype (WT) controls. In females, fertility was also compromised, with fewer estrous cycles and a significant delay in time to first litter of Sox2WT/KO dams compared to WT controls. Circulating levels of gonadotropins were normal in both male and female Sox2WT/KO mice, suggesting a functional pituitary. Finally,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49v5295n Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cassin, Jessica Dunn, Geneva A Nguyen, Ryan D Chen, Vivian Duong, Annie X Esparza, Lourdes A Tripuraneni, Isha Kauffman, Alexander S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8631-6097 Tonsfeldt, Karen J Mellon, Pamela L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8856-0410 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4499d07r <p>Title: Plotting Progress: Improving Recognition and Education for Patients with Elevated</p><p>BMI admitted to the Pediatric Hospital Medicine Service</p><p>Authors: Toney, C, Kupelian, C, Chong, A, Pierce, H.</p><p>Background/Objective:</p><p>Nationally, children with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th% have tripled over the last three decades. Children with elevated BMI may be at risk for chronic health problems, adverse psychosocial effects, and increased healthcare utilization (~$14 billion/year). Prior studies have shown suboptimal recognition of elevated BMI. In a retrospective multicenter study, only 13.2% of hospitalized children who had clinical obesity (19.5%) received an appropriate obesity diagnosis. To increase the percentage of non-tube fed patients on the pediatric hospital medicine service (PHM) with BMI &gt;85% to have the diagnosis added to problem list, receive standardized discharge education, and evidence-based follow-up plan communicated to the primary care... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4499d07r Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Toney, Caitlin Ileana, MD Kupelian, Chloe, DO Chong, Amy Z, MD Pierce, Heather, MD https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xz8q1qr OBJECTIVE: To produce a consensus statement on the psychological treatment of feeding/eating aversions seen in pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), diagnoses that share common symptoms and psychological mechanisms but have historically been addressed separately in the literature. METHOD: To help bridge the gaps between ARFID and PFD treatment and research, we convened a group of experts to clarify and describe the psychological interventions for treating learned food avoidance. The current manuscript summarizes the conclusions of the meeting. RESULT: The primary outcome of the consensus process was a description of a common core approach to psychological intervention across the two fields: Exposure to food and the feeding/eating experience with the goal of increasing the volume and variety of food and fluid consumed. Although our consensus process identified some differences in the mode of delivery and incorporation of specific... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xz8q1qr Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lukens, Colleen T Dempster, Robert M Eddy, Kamryn T Estrem, Hayley Menzel, Jessie E Noel, Richard J Pederson, Jaclyn L Ramirez, Ana L Romeo, Cuyler Sharp, William G Thomas, Jennifer J Zucker, Nancy L Zickgraf, Hana F https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38h9m3qw Ultrasound is the standard first-line imaging modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening; however, in certain patient populations, sensitivity is limited, and thus alternative strategies are needed in these patients. This article will provide an overview of MR imaging and computed tomography (CT) for the screening of HCC, with an emphasis on abbreviated MR imaging protocols and recent advancements in CT technology (dual energy and photon-counting CT). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38h9m3qw Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 An, Julie Y https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-4908 Dane, Bari R Marks, Robert M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3548r21t Despite initial data suggesting positive treatment outcomes for adolescent eating disorder day-hospital programmes (DHPs), existing studies have included limited follow-up, small samples, and a focus on restricting-type eating disorders. To address these gaps, we explored naturalistic outcomes for an adolescent eating disorders DHP. Adolescent participants (N = 265) completed measurements at treatment admission, discharge (n = 170), and various lengths of follow-up (n = 126; M_{follow up} = 278.87 days). Results from multilevel models indicated significant increases in body weight for the anorexia nervosa group throughout treatment and maintenance of increased body weight from discharge to follow-up. In bulimic spectrum disorders, binge eating and purging significantly decreased from intake to discharge and did not change from discharge to follow-up. Across the entire sample, eating disorder symptoms decreased from intake to discharge and did not change from discharge... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3548r21t Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Reilly, Erin E https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-0747 Rockwell, Roxanne E Ramirez, Ana L Anderson, Leslie K Brown, Tiffany A Wierenga, Christina E https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4843-1809 Kaye, Walter H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-4906 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xw3527k <b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of this study was to reassess the outcome and potential consequences of intraperitoneal barium leakage during radiologic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</b> This retrospective study included 18 patients who had significant intraperitoneal leakage of barium from gastrointestinal perforations that were not suspected or diagnosed before the radiologic procedures. This complication occurred during a barium enema examination in nine patients, an upper gastrointestinal study in seven, and a small bowel series in two patients. All patients underwent urgent laparotomy for repair of perforation, with vigorous peritoneal lavage and antibiotic therapy. <b>RESULTS.</b> All patients had an uneventful recovery and were followed for 4-17 years (mean, 8.5 years). Radiographs obtained during this interval showed that a significant amount of residual barium was retained in the abdominal cavity. Six patients had a total of 10 subsequent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xw3527k Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G Gore, Richard M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w96z2pz Clinical genetic testing identifies variants causal for hereditary cancer, information that is used for risk assessment and clinical management. Unfortunately, some variants identified are of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), complicating patient management. Case-control data is one evidence type used to classify VUS, and previous findings indicate that case-control likelihood ratios (LRs) outperform odds ratios for variant classification. As an initiative of the Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles (ENIGMA) Analytical Working Group we analyzed germline sequencing data of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> from 96,691 female breast cancer cases and 303,925 unaffected controls from three studies: the BRIDGES study of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility consortium, and the UK Biobank. We observed 11,227 <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> variants, with 6,921 being coding, covering 23.4% of <i>BRCA1</i>... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w96z2pz Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zanti, Maria O’Mahony, Denise G Parsons, Michael T Dorling, Leila Dennis, Joe Boddicker, Nicholas J Chen, Wenan Hu, Chunling Naven, Marc Yiangou, Kristia Ahearn, Thomas U Ambrosone, Christine B Andrulis, Irene L Antoniou, Antonis C Auer, Paul L Baynes, Caroline Bodelon, Clara Bogdanova, Natalia V Bojesen, Stig E Bolla, Manjeet K Brantley, Kristen D Camp, Nicola J Campbell, Archie Castelao, Jose E Cessna, Melissa H Chang-Claude, Jenny Chen, Fei Chenevix-Trench, Georgia Collaborators, NBCS Conroy, Don M Czene, Kamila De Nicolo, Arcangela Domchek, Susan M Dörk, Thilo Dunning, Alison M Eliassen, A Heather Evans, D Gareth Fasching, Peter A Figueroa, Jonine D Flyger, Henrik Gago-Dominguez, Manuela García-Closas, Montserrat Glendon, Gord González-Neira, Anna Grassmann, Felix Hadjisavvas, Andreas Haiman, Christopher A Hamann, Ute Hart, Steven N Hartman, Mikael BA Ho, Weang-Kee Hodge, James M Hoppe, Reiner Howell, Sacha J Investigators, kConFab Jakubowska, Anna Khusnutdinova, Elza K Ko, Yon-Dschun Kraft, Peter Kristensen, Vessela N Lacey, James V Li, Jingmei Lim, Geok Hoon Lindström, Sara Lophatananon, Artitaya Luccarini, Craig Mannermaa, Arto Martinez, Maria Elena Mavroudis, Dimitrios Milne, Roger L Muir, Kenneth Nathanson, Katherine L Nuñez-Torres, Rocio Obi, Nadia Olson, Janet E Palmer, Julie R Panayiotidis, Mihalis I Patel, Alpa V Pharoah, Paul DP Polley, Eric C Rashid, Muhammad U Ruddy, Kathryn J Saloustros, Emmanouil Sawyer, Elinor J Schmidt, Marjanka K Southey, Melissa C Tan, Veronique Kiak-Mien Teo, Soo Hwang Teras, Lauren R Torres, Diana Trentham-Dietz, Amy Truong, Thérèse Vachon, Celine M Wang, Qin Weitzel, Jeffrey N Yadav, Siddhartha Yao, Song Zirpoli, Gary R Cline, Melissa S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-1956 Devilee, Peter https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gp548tk <p>This cohort study evaluates rates of leucovorin prescriptions for children with autism after a White House announcement promoting its use.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gp548tk Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rothman, Joshua M Kwan, Brian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-0631 Longhurst, Christopher A Jena, Anupam B https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cz5w40z OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the prevalence of psychological disabilities among university students, characterized associations between symptom severity and functional limitations, explored self-identification and service registration across mental health diagnoses, and examined mental health stigma's effect on service access. PARTICIPANTS: 104,729 post-secondary students from the 2023-2024 Healthy Minds Study. METHODS: Descriptive statistics addressed the first three aims; multivariable logistic regression addressed the fourth. RESULTS: Self-reported psychological disabilities comprised 13.1% of all disabilities. Self-reported functional limitations increased sigmoidally with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores. Students with anxiety and depression were least likely to self-identify as having a psychological disability despite reporting functional limitations. Personal and perceived stigma were not associated with DSO registration, but were negatively associated with mental health treatment... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cz5w40z Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bevens, W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6944-6500 Stadnick, NA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6520-2920 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hx0x35d The ability to record the real-time activity of specialized neurons in the brains of female mice is providing new insights into the hormonal control of ovulation. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hx0x35d Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rose, Lillian Kauffman, Alexander S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8631-6097 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hd1v1fk Retrograde Jejunogastric Intussusception and Novel Reduction https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hd1v1fk Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ghahremani, Gary G https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fw8h909 Objective Local injections such as bupivacaine are used to treat strabismus, although the mechanism of its clinical effects is unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of bupivacaine on extraocular muscle regeneration in a pre-clinical model. Design Laboratory study. Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls Three-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits with age- and sex-matched saline injection controls and un-injected controls. Methods One superior rectus per animal was injected with either 3% bupivacaine or saline control and harvested at 1 week, 1 month, or 3 months after treatment. Histomorphometric analysis was used to determine the effects of bupivacaine on extraocular muscles. Data were analyzed for the global and orbital layer separately, as well as the entire muscle cross-sectional area. Main Outcome Measures. Muscle morphology, markers of muscle regeneration, muscle size. Results 3% bupivacaine treatment has a myodestructive effect on the injected... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fw8h909 Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rudell, Jolene C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3022-4649 Liang, Ashley Bhavaraju, Vaidehi Jung, Cooper Chan, Kaitlyn Routzong, Megan R Granet, David B McLoon, Linda K Alperin, Marianna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fs287bn Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) can induce durable tumor control but is limited by primary and acquired resistance. The mechanisms underlying immune-resistant tumor microenvironments (TMEs) remain incompletely understood. Here we show that deletion of microRNA-25 (miR-25) sensitizes tumors to ICT across multiple syngeneic mouse models. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that miR-25 deficiency activates innate and humoral immunity by increasing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and enhancing classical complement signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Complement activation shifts CAFs toward an inflammatory (iCAF) state, reduces suppressive crosstalk with TAMs, and promotes a pro-inflammatory TME. Mechanistically, miR-25 represses Syndecan-3 (SDC3) in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Editing the miR-25 binding site in Sdc3 restores SDC3 expression and overcomes resistance. These findings identify miR-25–mediated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fs287bn Thu, 4 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhu, Zhouting Han, Wenyan Deng, Yufei Jia, Zhaoyang Baidwan, Gulshanbir Wu, Lujing Jakhmola, Shweta Wang, Tongyun Logeswaran, Dhenugen Wen, Jing Sun, Amanda Y Bray, Bill Li, Na Wang, Lingling Hui, Hui Wu, Jiaqian Patel, Sandip Pravin Rana, Tariq M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6600d6mx BackgroundMajor osteoporotic fracture (MOF) is associated with increased mortality; however, few studies in postmenopausal women have examined racial and ethnic differences in 1-year and 5-year mortality following MOF.ObjectiveTo assess 1-year and 5-year mortality following MOF by race and ethnicity.DesignThis prospective cohort study included postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a population-based, multisite US study. Participants were followed from September 1994 to February 2023. Data were analyzed between August 2023 and November 2023.ParticipantsPostmenopausal women aged 50 to 79&nbsp;years old who experienced a MOF (N = 32,675 in 1&nbsp;year and 29,506 in 5&nbsp;years following MOF).Main MeasuresSelf-reported race and ethnicity. All-cause mortality was determined by death certificates, reports of surrogates, and the National Death Index Search.Key ResultsThe baseline mean age of participants was 77.0 [SD = 8.5] years with 31,223 [95.6%] White... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6600d6mx Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Juels, Michaela Larson, Joseph C Ensrud, Kristine E Stefanick, Marcia L Shadyab, Aladdin H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9693-0522 Garcia, Lorena Nassir, Rami Schnatz, Peter F Nelson, Rebecca Crandall, Carolyn J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b81v8tf A measurement of the inclusive production cross section of isolated prompt photons in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy s=1.96 TeV is presented. The results are obtained using the full Run II data sample collected with the Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9.5 fb-1. The cross section is measured as a function of photon transverse energy, ETγ, in the range 30 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b81v8tf Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aaltonen, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Apollinari, G Appel, JA Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asaadi, J Ashmanskas, W Auerbach, B Aurisano, A Azfar, F Badgett, W Bae, T Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barria, P Bartos, P Bauce, M Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Bland, KR Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brucken, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Butti, P Buzatu, A Calamba, A Camarda, S Campanelli, M Canelli, F Carls, B Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavaliere, V Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chen, YC Chertok, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-6273 Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Cho, K Chokheli, D Clark, A Clarke, C Convery, ME Conway, J Corbo, M Cordelli, M Cox, CA Cox, DJ Cremonesi, M Cruz, D Cuevas, J Culbertson, R d’Ascenzo, N Datta, M de Barbaro, P Demortier, L Deninno, M D’Errico, M Devoto, F Di Canto, A Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR Donati, S D’Onofrio, M Dorigo, M Driutti, A Ebina, K Edgar, R Erbacher, R Errede, S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47h0z536 BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health concern, with people living with opioid use disorder having a higher risk of infection. Despite the cooccurrence of HCV and opioid use disorder, little is known about the treatment patterns for the disorder in this population. This study characterized opioid agonist therapy adherence trajectories over 15 months following opioid agonist therapy initiation among people living with HCV and opioid use disorder and described the baseline characteristics of the patients within distinct opioid agonist therapy adherence trajectories. METHODS: We used Merative MarketScan healthcare claims data from 2015 to 2019 to identify distinct medication treatment adherence trajectories via growth mixture modeling among 5,495 people who initiated opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder and were living with HCV. RESULTS: Our models identified three distinct opioid agonist therapy adherence trajectories over the 15 months of follow-up.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/47h0z536 Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Psaras, Catherine Arah, Onyebuchi A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-1697 Chew, Kara W Lee, Sung-Jae Javanbakht, Marjan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-3803 Nianogo, Roch A Seamans, Marissa J https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f18b2tt BACKGROUND/AIMS: To apply retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) optical texture analysis (ROTA) to investigate (1) the patterns of RNFL bundle defects, and (2) the frequency of papillomacular and papillofoveal bundle involvement across early, moderate and advanced glaucoma. METHODS: All eyes underwent 24-2 visual field (VF) testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for ROTA. The borders of RNFL defects were delineated from ROTA, and the involvement of the arcuate, papillomacular and papillofoveal bundles was determined for each eye. 24-2 VF stimulus projections were mapped onto the corresponding topographic areas of ROTA images. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the structure-function association. RESULTS: Papillomacular bundle defects were highly prevalent in glaucoma, increasing from 87.7% in early to 95.35% in moderate and 100% in advanced glaucoma. Papillofoveal bundle defects were also common, increasing from 29.7% in early to 36.05% in moderate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0f18b2tt Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kamalipour, Alireza Moghimi, Sasan Khosravi, Pooya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-4760 Tansuebchueasai, Natchada Camp, Andrew Steven Vasile, Cristiana Adelpour, Mohsen Gunasegaran, Gopikasree Kashaf, Michael Saheb Nishida, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-6623 Zangwill, Linda M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-5224 Lam, Alexander KN Leung, Christopher Kai-Shun Weinreb, Robert N https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-3202 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hn2p25s INTRODUCTION: Studies of adults undergoing lung resection indicated that selective omission of pleural drains is safe and advantageous. Significant practice variation exists for pleural drainage practices for children undergoing lung resection. We surveyed pediatric surgeons in a 10-hospital research consortium to understand decision-making for placement of pleural drains following lung resection in children. METHODS: Faculty surgeons at the 10 member institutions of the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium completed questionnaires using a REDCap survey platform. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used to characterize responses regarding indications and management of pleural drains following lung resection in pediatric patients. RESULTS: We received 96 responses from 109 surgeons (88&nbsp;%). Most surgeons agreed that use of a pleural drain after lung resection contributes to post-operative pain, increases narcotic use, and prolongs hospitalization. Opinions... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hn2p25s Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Schnuck, Jamie K Acker, Shannon N Kelley-Quon, Lorraine I Lee, Justin H Shew, Stephen B Fialkowski, Elizabeth Ignacio, Romeo C https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-8679 Melhado, Caroline Qureshi, Faisal G Russell, Katie W Rothstein, David H Consortium, the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Cairo, Sarah Chao, Stephanie D Fenton, Stephen J Gollin, Gerald https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-3370 Jensen, Aaron Keane, Olivia A Nicassio, Lauren Ochoa, Brielle Pandya, Samir Patwardhan, Utsav M https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p50r0q1 PURPOSE: Pleural drains are used routinely after thoracic surgery in children despite evidence that drainage is not always necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the necessity of intraoperative drain placement after resectional lung surgery in children, provide a contemporary characterization of the use of pleural drains, and evaluate the utility of intraoperative air leak testing. METHODS: A multi-institutional prospective cohort study was performed at 10 free-standing children's hospitals in the United States from 2023 to 2024. Patients ≤18 years old who underwent open or thoracoscopic wedge resection or lobectomy were included. Patients undergoing operation for spontaneous pneumothorax or trauma, those on extra-corporeal life support, those undergoing bi-lobectomy or pneumonectomy, and those undergoing reoperation in the affected hemithorax were excluded. Operative parameters, intra-operative air leak, length of post-operative drain placement, and number of post-operative... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3p50r0q1 Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kahan, Anastasia M Kelley-Quon, Lorraine I Acker, Shannon N Vincent, Sage Chao, Stephanie D Nepomuceno, Helene Lee, Justin H Padilla, Benjamin E Patwardhan, Utsav M Gollin, Gerald Ignacio, Romeo C https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-8679 Fialkowski, Elizabeth A Fowler, Kathryn L Cairo, Sarah B Munar, Dane Pandya, Samir R Russell, Katie W Fenton, Stephen J Lee, Steven L Rothstein, David H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v15j9s2 BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the appropriate duration of postoperative antibiotics for complicated appendicitis in children. Commonly used antibiotic endpoints include normalization of white blood cell count (WBC) or completion of a minimum number of prespecified treatment days. We compared clinical outcomes resulting from varying postoperative antibiotic protocols for complicated appendicitis in children. METHODS: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (NSQIP-P) data from nine children's hospitals was used to identify a retrospective cohort of children (&lt;18 years) who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from 2021 to 2023 with intraoperative findings of complicated appendicitis. Participating hospitals were classified into four groups based on discharge protocol: 1) no discharge antibiotics, 2) oral antibiotics for elevated WBC on the day of discharge, 3) oral antibiotics to complete a minimum number of total antibiotic days, and 4) routine discharge... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2v15j9s2 Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Patwardhan, Utsav M Kahan, Anastasia Eldredge, R Scott Russell, Katie W Lee, Justin Short, Scott S Padilla, Benjamin Cairo, Sarah B Acker, Shannon N Jensen, Aaron R Kelley-Quon, Lorraine I Rothstein, David H Fialkowski, Elizabeth A Chao, Stephanie D Gillory, Lauren Pandya, Samir Diaz-Miron, Jose Ignacio, Romeo C https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-8679 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91c3v11k <p>Background: Induction of fetal demise is an advanced procedural skill in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) that expands patient access to later-gestation abortion care while mitigating risk of unintended live periviable births. Additionally, the literature shows that many patients prefer induction of fetal demise prior to termination of pregnancy when presented with the option. Despite this, ultrasound-guided injection for fetal asystole is an under-taught skill in abortion training programs, most OBGYN residencies, and many Complex Family Planning (CFP) fellowships. A simulation for this procedure could be a steppingstone for clinicians to learn this skill in a low-risk setting before incorporating it into clinical practice.</p><p>Description: This project aims to increase the average clinician comfort and confidence score when performing ultrasound-guided needle procedures such as induction of fetal asystole following standardized simulation training among the participating... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91c3v11k Wed, 27 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Coots, Cynthia https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dc601mk <p>Background:&nbsp;Resident-run minor surgery clinics have been shown to increase operative autonomy experience&nbsp;for&nbsp;trainees, while delivering high-quality patient care. However,&nbsp;at least 3 mislabeled lab specimens were reported from the resident-run San Diego VAMC minor surgery clinic from May 2025-November 2025, with 47 mislabeling events total across our institution. A root cause analysis (RCA) investigating&nbsp;institution-wide specimen mislabeling&nbsp;identified&nbsp;a lack of standardized clinic processes as a source of&nbsp;mislabeling&nbsp;errors. We aimed to standardize the minor surgery clinic&nbsp;process&nbsp;by implementing pre- and post-operative checklists, including a double verification of&nbsp;accurate&nbsp;specimen labeling, with a goal of residents recording 75% compliance over&nbsp;4&nbsp;months.&nbsp;</p><p>Methods:&nbsp;A Gemba walk was performed of the General Surgery Minor Procedures Clinic at the San Diego VAMC, where small soft tissue... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8dc601mk Wed, 27 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kawano, Bradley A Austin, John R Cosman, Bard Ardill, William Potenza, Bruce https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dv5h7gm Disruptions in the microtubule cytoskeleton play a role in various neurological diseases that afflict a large fraction of the population. Microtubule function is regulated by post-translational modifications like acetylation, and one consistently identified acetylation site in mammals and Drosophila melanogaster is α-tubulin lysine 394 (K394). Our previous research demonstrated that an acetylation-blocking point mutation-K394R-causes a decrease in microtubule stability in axon terminals at the developing neuromuscular junction. Here, we asked whether K394 acetylation regulates the development of additional neuronal structures. Using the central brain mushroom body as a model, we found that K394R results in β lobe overextension at the midline. The K394R phenotype manifests during metamorphosis and affects β lobe growth in a cell-autonomous manner. Our data suggest that the K394R phenotype may result from changes in Tau, a microtubule-associated protein enriched in the mushroom... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dv5h7gm Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Welch, Chloe J Mueller, Liam O’Connor Trujillo, Sophia P Wildonger, Jill https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5830 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ch511v0 <p> <strong>Issues Addressed / Background&nbsp;</strong> </p><p>Informed consent is a foundational component of ethical, patient-centered care, particularly in procedural specialties such as interventional radiology (IR). At its core, consent is not merely a legal requirement, but a critical opportunity to build trust, foster meaningful patient-clinician partnerships, and support shared decision-making. High-quality consent conversations enable patients to ask questions, express their values and concerns, and make informed, personalized decisions about their care.&nbsp;</p><p>Despite this, most clinicians receive limited, if any, formal training in how to conduct these conversations effectively. In high-throughput procedural environments, consent is often compressed into a time-constrained, transactional process, limiting opportunities for dialogue, understanding, and alignment with patient goals. In IR, where patients may first meet their proceduralist immediately prior to... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ch511v0 Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Illindala, Ritvik Collins, Breanna Winter, Dane Rockwell, Helena Song, Albert Levy, Nathan Keller, Eric Newton, Isabel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15h9j8tf Improving NTSV Cesarean Delivery Rates in Medi-Cal Patients at UC San Diego Health https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15h9j8tf Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Do, Nguyen Hoang, Mai Ruppin-Pham, Ayelet https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vz6g2bn The Prevention Station: A Graphic Medicine Approach to Enhancing Inter-Clinic Collaboration in Family Medicine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vz6g2bn Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Younger, Kimberly Roth, Dennis May, James Wang, Regina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jf878qg <p>Background</p><p>The Emergency Department (ED) is often a place of high-stress or difficult cases, with very little time to process these events before returning to other duties in the department. “Hot debriefs”, or short discussions immediately following a difficult case, such as cardiac arrest, pediatric case, or high-stress situation have been shown to decrease burnout, reduce stress, and lead to key process improvements relevant to future codes. Many different styles of hot debriefs have been described, including the Take STOCK, BONE break, and TIM tool. Previous studies have compared hot vs cold debriefs, or examined standardized debrief implementation in the prehospital or ICU setting. In this project, we sought to implement the STOP 5 debrief tool immediately following cardiac arrests, pediatric codes, and other difficult cases in the ED, address physicians perceived lack of time to debrief, and improve confidence of those leading debriefs.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Nursing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jf878qg Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ninokawa, Scott Rudolph, Frances Oyama, Leslie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fj5j00m INTRODUCTION: Frail patients are at significantly elevated risk of major postoperative complications and mortality. The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) Frailty Index is a validated tool for preoperative frailty assessment. In the Veterans Affairs (VA) system, the Surgical Pause Practice is requiring preoperative frailty index documentation. However, as of September 1, 2025, no frailty scores were being recorded on general surgery cases at our VA. Because the preoperative clinic represents the most consistent and controllable point of contact for surgical patients, this project focused on clinic-based workflow integration to maximize impact. This project aimed to increase documentation of preoperative RAI frailty scores among general surgery patients from 0% to 25% over a 4 month time period. METHODS: This quality improvement project used the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement. An interprofessional team of Chief Residents of Quality Improvement and Safety, licensed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fj5j00m Sun, 24 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Austin, John Robert Kawano, Bradley Oviedo, Parisa Cosman, Bard Ardill, William Potenza, Bruce https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vj0889x <p> <strong>Background</strong> </p><p>Access to emergency contraception (EC) is a key component of reproductive healthcare and time-sensitive pregnancy prevention. Two commonly used EC formulations include ulipristal acetate, a prescription medication that remains effective for up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse and across a wider body mass index (BMI) range, and levonorgestrel-based EC, an over-the-counter medication that is effective at pregnancy prevention for up to 3 days after unprotected intercourse. Clinical guidelines recommend ulipristal acetate as first-line EC, particularly for individuals with higher BMI or longer delay after unprotected intercourse. However, pharmacy stocking practices may limit timely access to ulipristal acetate, potentially creating disparities for patients with higher BMI and those facing structural barriers to care. This quality improvement project sought to evaluate the availability and dispensing timelines for stocking EC across... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vj0889x Sun, 24 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kolodner, Rebecca A Lewis, Taylor Ray, Priyanka Mody, Sheila K Greiner, Karen S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08j89935 <p><strong>Background:&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>Due to uneven geographic distribution of health care infrastructure, long distance travel is a reality of cancer care for many patients. Patients&nbsp;travel&nbsp;significant&nbsp;distances to access tertiary academic centers or receive multidisciplinary care¹. Outcomes&nbsp;for patients have&nbsp;been mixed.&nbsp;A&nbsp;2021&nbsp;study&nbsp;of HCC patients undergoing liver resection&nbsp;showed&nbsp;living &gt;50 miles from high volume tertiary academic centers was associated with worse overall survival².</p><p>However,&nbsp;a&nbsp;subsequent&nbsp;NationalCancer Database&nbsp;(NCD) study demonstrated that HCC patients who travel&nbsp;&gt;30 km/18.6 mi&nbsp;were more likely to have higher rates of locoregional/surgical treatment, academic center&nbsp;care, and improved overall survival.&nbsp;Authors&nbsp;reflected&nbsp;this population may be highly motivated and financially able to seek distance care³.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08j89935 Sun, 24 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Resnick, Karen Collins, Breanna Myers, Sam Chang, Jeremy Banegas, Matthew Nodora, Jesse Burgoyne, Adam https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jt0c1rr The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass relies on mitochondrial quality control, including balanced dynamics and mitophagy. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a central mediator of mitochondrial fission, is essential for these processes, yet its role in muscle mass regulation remains incompletely defined. Here, we show that acute Drp1 deletion in the skeletal muscle increases Parkin-mediated mitochondrial degradation, reduces mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, and leads to severe muscle atrophy. Although dual deletion of Drp1 and Parkin restores mtDNA content, muscle loss persists. Mechanistically, Drp1 loss impairs mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) signaling and down-regulating the nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (Nur77). Pharmacologic β2-adrenergic receptor activation with clenbuterol reactivated Erk1/2, restored Nur77 expression, and rescued muscle atrophy. These findings define a Drp1-Erk1/2-Nur77... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jt0c1rr Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 M., Alice Tran, Peter H Yang, Nicole L Ngo, Jennifer Iwasaki, Hirotaka Ren, Wenjuan Livit, Simone Stiles, Linsey Wang, Sarah Ho, Trinity Yim, Emma Y Morrow, Noelle Johnson, Morgan M Cleary, Caroline Zou, Kai Crosbie, Rachelle H Jiang, Yuwei Shirihai, Orian S Wanagat, Jonathan Mahata, Sushil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9154-0787 Wohlschlegel, James A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8289-2222 Hevener, Andrea L Zhou, Zhenqi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z93912v Accurate chromosome segregation requires dynamic kinetochore-microtubule attachments that, under the regulation of Aurora family kinases, biorient and align replicated chromosomes. In <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, Aurora A acts with the TPX2-related activator TPXL-1 to regulate these attachments and control spindle length. We show that, in addition to prominent spindle pole localization, TPXL-1-AurA has a chromatin-associated pool positioned between the sister kinetochores. Structural modeling and biochemical analysis support TPXL-1 directly recognizing the nucleosome acidic patch via an arginine anchor. Disrupting this interaction selectively removed chromatin-bound TPXL-1-AurA and caused chromosome missegregation, whereas elevation of the chromatin pool disrupted chromosome alignment. These opposing perturbations inversely affected kinetochore recruitment of the microtubule-binding Ska complex. These results support spatially distinct TPXL-1-AurA populations acting sequentially,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z93912v Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Meaders, Johnathan L Rodriguez, Alyssa A Variyar, Smriti Park, SungWoo Cirulli, Alessandro E Oegema, Karen Corbett, Kevin D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-2388 Desai, Arshad https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93d8g7b0 Clinical utility of 23-gene expression profiling and concordance with PRAME immunohistochemistry in melanocytic neoplasms: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93d8g7b0 Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jaeger, Zachary Kramer, Kathleen Maverakis Ramirez, Natalia Erickson, Christof Calame, Antoanella https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s5c6gt Objective: Masculinising chest surgery, also known as top surgery, is the most requested gender-affirming procedure among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents, yet research on patient experiences remains limited. This study explored the experiences of TGD adolescents who were seeking or had undergone masculinising chest surgery. Design: Qualitative secondary analysis using existing themes framework and data from the GENDER-Q (GQ) and GENDER-Q Youth (GQY) research programmes, which aim to develop comprehensive patient-reported outcome measures for gender-affirming care. Setting: Participants were sampled from five high-volume gender-affirming care clinics, three in Canada and two in the United States. Interviews were conducted online. ... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83s5c6gt Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Armstrong, Kathleen Quan, Ivy https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6174-3104 Kennedy, Shelby L Kaur, Manraj N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-0395 Cornacchi, Sylvie D Rae, Charlene Johnson, Natasha Khatchadourian, Karine Marinkovic, Maja https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-8010 Sequeira, Gina M Bradley, Brenda Cheung, Kevin Morrison, Shane D Klassen, Anne F https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-0096 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7k5638gx MOTIVATION: High-throughput conformation capture experiments, such as Hi-C provide genome-wide maps of chromatin interactions, enabling life scientists to investigate the role of the three-dimensional structure of genomes in gene regulation and other essential cellular functions. A fundamental problem in the analysis of Hi-C data is how to compare two contact maps derived from Hi-C experiments. Detecting similarities and differences between contact maps are critical in evaluating the reproducibility of replicate experiments and for identifying differential genomic regions with biological significance. Due to the complexity of chromatin conformations and the presence of technology-driven and sequence-specific biases, the comparative analysis of Hi-C data is analytically and computationally challenging. RESULTS: We present a novel method called Selfish for the comparative analysis of Hi-C data that takes advantage of the structural self-similarity in contact maps. We define a novel... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7k5638gx Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ardakany, Abbas Roayaei Ay, Ferhat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-6914 Lonardi, Stefano https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2696-7274 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qm5w2gb Speckled lentiginous nevus (SLN), also referred to as nevus spilus, is a common benign melanocytic neoplasm typically occurring as a small, café-au-lait-colored "speckled" patch studded with numerous darkly pigmented macules or papules. Herein, we present a unique case of SLN arising on the sole of the right foot in a young woman, which was reported to be gradually enlarging since a pregnancy two years prior. The lesion was removed by shave biopsy, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis and ruled out atypical features. While SLN is quite common, the occurrence on acral skin is extremely rare. SLN is considered a mosaic RASopathy due to its embryological development through a postzygotic activating HRAS genetic variant. Although small lesions usually remain isolated, underlying SLN syndrome should be considered in extensive cases with associated neurologic or musculoskeletal abnormalities. Secondary melanocytic neoplasms commonly arise within SLN, but overall, small lesions... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qm5w2gb Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ramirez, Natalia Maverakis Jaeger, Zachary J Skupsky, Hadas McNeill, Anne Marie Calame, Antoanella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-4614 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67z4s6qh Chronic pain is highly prevalent among older adults and contributes to disability, psychological distress, social isolation, and increased healthcare utilization. Older adults remain vulnerable to underassessment and undertreatment due to diagnostic complexity, comorbidity burden, polypharmacy, and limited access to behavioral health services. This article provides an applied overview of evidence-based assessment and intervention strategies for chronic pain among older adults within health service psychology settings. Using a clinical vignette to frame common presentation patterns, key diagnostic considerations and best practices in biopsychosocial pain assessment are reviewed, alongside integrated behavioral interventions such as CBT for chronic pain, ACT, mindfulness-based approaches, behavioral activation, and graded activity pacing. Clinical and ethical challenges—including autonomy/beneficence balance, opioid-related risk, and access inequities—are discussed. Practical recommendations... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67z4s6qh Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Serdarevic, Mirsad https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t8670qp When the Body Learns a New Language https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t8670qp Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Serdarevic, Mirsad