Recent ucsflibrary_oapdeposits items

Correction: Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals.

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/60795.].

Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

54798 Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

54798 Informed Consent Practices for Publication of Patient Images in Dermatology Journals

A Benchmarking Survey of Open Access Funds at the University of California

Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Objective – The purpose of this study was to examine the status and viability of application-based open access funds (OAFs) across the University of California (UC) Libraries to assist with long-term planning for this type of funding at UC. Methods – In 2022, the authors surveyed the 10 UC campus libraries about both the outcome of an earlier UC-wide OAF pilot and the current status of application-based OAFs to support article processing charges (APCs), book processing charges (BPCs), and open educational resources (OERs). Five campuses reported having a current OAF. These five campuses responded to additional questions about their budgets and their sustainability, the number of publications funded, policies, and staffing resources for managing the OAF. Results – Five UC campuses had an active application-based OAF, with budgets or expenditures ranging from $20,000 - $271,000 annually. Only two campuses felt their budget was sustainable. One of the five campuses closed its fund...

The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem

Mon, 20 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Academic health sciences libraries ("libraries") offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program's five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity. It serves as a primer for TSH and libraries to explore potential collaborations, demonstrating how libraries can connect researchers to services and resources that support the information needs of TSH.

Sexual harassment at University of California Libraries: Understanding the experiences of library staff members

Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the first study measuring sexual harassment experiences of academic library employees at a single institution, we conducted a census of 1,610 non-student employees at the 10-campus University of California Libraries system. This anonymous online survey measured how sexual harassment was experienced and observed in terms of behaviors, exhibitors, reporting and disclosure, institutional support and betrayal, and recommendations for future actions. Out of 579 respondents, 54% experienced and/or observed sexual harassment at work. Respondents recommended training, workplace culture change, support from leadership, and clear reporting processes in order to address sexual harassment at University of California Libraries.

2023 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Precision Emergency Medicine: Development of a policy‐relevant, patient‐centered research agenda

Thu, 5 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

OBJECTIVES: Precision medicine is data-driven health care tailored to individual patients based on their unique attributes, including biologic profiles, disease expressions, local environments, and socioeconomic conditions. Emergency medicine (EM) has been peripheral to the precision medicine discourse, lacking both a unified definition of precision medicine and a clear research agenda. We convened a national consensus conference to build a shared mental model and develop a research agenda for precision EM. METHODS: We held a conference to (1) define precision EM, (2) develop an evidence-based research agenda, and (3) identify educational gaps for current and future EM clinicians. Nine preconference workgroups (biomedical ethics, data science, health professions education, health care delivery and access, informatics, omics, population health, sex and gender, and technology and digital tools), comprising 84 individuals, garnered expert opinion, reviewed relevant literature, engaged...

Shy, Not Anti-Social: How to Include and Represent Shy Children in the Library

Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Shyness in children is a phenomenon often overlooked as a trait that every child will “grow out of” or stigmatized as an emotional or behavioral anomaly, by caregivers as well as teachers. Yet, academic research on supporting shy children in the context of library youth services is scarce.Unlike social anxiety or introversion, shyness is a lay term that is more difficult to pinpoint, yet inherently meaningful. Asendorpf defines the term broadly as, “various forms of modest, reserved, wary, inhibited, anxious, or withdrawn behaviors in social situations.” While this may serve as a functioning umbrella for a variety of behaviors, not all children who identify as being shy exemplify all of these behaviors.

Automated indexing using NLM's Medical Text Indexer (MTI) compared to human indexing in Medline: a pilot study

Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective

In 2002, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) introduced semi-automated indexing of Medline using the Medical Text Indexer (MTI). In 2021, NLM announced that it would fully automate its indexing in Medline with an improved MTI by mid-2022. This pilot study examines indexing using a sample of records in Medline from 2000, and how an early, public version of MTI's outputs compares to records created by human indexers.

Methods

This pilot study examines twenty Medline records from 2000, a year before the MTI was introduced as a MeSH term recommender. We identified twenty higher- and lower-impact biomedical journals based on Journal Impact Factor (JIF) and examined the indexing of papers by feeding their PubMed records into the Interactive MTI tool.

Results

In the sample, we found key differences between automated and human-indexed Medline records: MTI assigned more terms and used them more accurately for citations in the higher JIF group, and MTI...

What Collaboration Means to Us: Sharing Stories to Drive Open Scholarship

Fri, 23 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

What Collaboration Means to Us: Sharing Stories to Drive Open Scholarship

Peer-reviewed publications in orthopaedic surgery from lower income countries: A comparative analysis

Fri, 23 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal (MSK) disease is a substantial global burden, especially in lower income countries. However, limited research has been published on MSK health by scholars from these countries. We aimed to study the distribution of authorships, including trends in peer-reviewed orthopaedic publications based on each author's affiliated institution's country income status. METHODS: Based on a bibliometric search, 119 orthopaedic-related journals were identified using the Journal Citation Reports database. Details of all scientific articles published in these journals between 2012 and 2021 were used to study trends and association between each of the author's affiliated institution's country income status, using the World Bank Classification. RESULTS: Of the 133,718 unique articles, 87.6% had at least one author affiliation from a high-income country (HIC), 7.0% from an upper-middle income country (UMIC), 5.2% from a lower-middle income country (LMIC), and 0.2% from...

From Python to Raspberry Pi: Celebrating Pi Day with data science

Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The University of California-San Francisco (UCSF) Library is a graduate-only health science university with four professional schools (medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and dentistry), a graduate division, and an academic medical center. For several years UCSF has been the number one public recipient of NIH funding, reflecting the school’s dedication to biomedical research. Around 2015, the UCSF Library began investigating new ways to serve the university’s research population. Seeing a need for more computational and entrepreneurship training the library piloted two new programs: the Data Science Initiative (DSI) and the Makers Lab.

Interplay of demographics, geography and COVID-19 pandemic responses in the Puget Sound region: The Vashon, Washington Medical Reserve Corps experience

Mon, 18 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Rural U.S. communities are at risk from COVID-19 due to advanced age and limited access to acute care. Recognizing this, the Vashon Medical Reserve Corps (VMRC) in King County, Washington, implemented an all-volunteer, community-based COVID-19 response program. This program integrated public engagement, SARS-CoV-2 testing, contact tracing, vaccination, and material community support, and was associated with the lowest cumulative COVID-19 case rate in King County. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of demographics, geography and public health interventions to Vashon's low COVID-19 rates. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study compares cumulative COVID-19 rates and success of public health interventions from February 2020 through November 2021 for Vashon Island with King County (including metropolitan Seattle) and Whidbey Island, located ~50 km north of Vashon. To evaluate the role of demography, we developed multiple linear regression models...

Examining socioeconomic status disparities in facility-based childbirth in Kenya: role of perceived need, accessibility, and quality of care

Fri, 7 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

BackgroundGiving birth in health facilities with skilled birth attendants (SBAs) is one of the key efforts promoted to reduce preventable maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. However, research has revealed large socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in facility-based childbirth. We seek to extend the literature on the factors underlying these SES disparities. Drawing on the Disparities in Skilled Birth Attendance (DiSBA) framework, we examined the contribution of three proximal factors—perceived need, accessibility, and quality of care—that influence the use of SBAs.MethodsWe used data from a survey conducted in Migori County, Kenya in 2016, among women aged 15–49 years who gave birth nine weeks before the survey (N = 1020). The primary outcome is facility-based childbirth. The primary predictors are wealth, measured in quintiles calculated from a wealth index based on principal component analysis of household assets, and highest education level attained. Proposed mediating...

A new conceptual model of experiences of aging in place in the United States: Results of a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies

Sat, 3 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on experiences of aging in place in the United States. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES: We searched six bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts), with no limits on publication date. Eligible studies reported peer-reviewed qualitative research on experiences of aging in place in the United States with full-text available in English. REVIEW METHODS: Three reviewers independently used Covidence software to screen titles and abstracts followed by full texts. We assessed quality and risk of bias using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using meta-ethnography, following Noblit and Hare's seven-step method of translation and synthesis to generate a novel conceptual model. RESULTS: Of 2659 papers screened, 37...

Mutational Landscape of Aggressive Prostate Tumors in African American Men

Tue, 2 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and second most fatal nonskin cancer among men in the United States. African American men are two times more likely to develop and die of prostate cancer compared with men of other ancestries. Previous whole genome or exome tumor-sequencing studies of prostate cancer have primarily focused on men of European ancestry. In this study, we sequenced and characterized somatic mutations in aggressive (Gleason ≥7, stage ≥T2b) prostate tumors from 24 African American patients. We describe the locations and prevalence of small somatic mutations (up to 50 bases in length), copy number aberrations, and structural rearrangements in the tumor genomes compared with patient-matched normal genomes. We observed several mutation patterns consistent with previous studies, such as large copy number aberrations in chromosome 8 and complex rearrangement chains. However, TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions and PTEN losses occurred in only 21% and 8% of the African...

Associations between self-reported obstetric complications and experience of care: a secondary analysis of survey data from Ghana, Kenya, and India

Wed, 15 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

BackgroundAlthough several indicators have been proposed to measure women’s experience of care in health facilities during the intrapartum period, it is unknown if these indicators perform differently in the context of obstetric emergencies. We examined the relationship between experience of care indicators from the Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) scale and obstetric complications.MethodsWe used data from four cross-sectional surveys conducted in Kenya (rural: N = 873; urban: N = 531), Ghana (N = 531), and India (N = 2018) between August 2016 and October 2017. The pooled sample included 3953 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth within 9 weeks prior to the survey. Experience of care was measured using the PCMC scale. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the composite and 31 individual PCMC indicators with (1) obstetric complications; (2) severity of complications; and (3) delivery by cesarean section...

COVID-19 mortality and excess mortality among working-age residents in California, USA, by occupational sector: a longitudinal cohort analysis of mortality surveillance data

Wed, 26 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, workers in essential sectors had higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality than those in non-essential sectors. It is unknown whether disparities in pandemic-related mortality across occupational sectors have continued to occur during the periods of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccine availability. METHODS: In this longitudinal cohort study, we obtained data from the California Department of Public Health on all deaths occurring in the state of California, USA, from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2021. We restricted our analysis to residents of California who were aged 18-65 years at time of death and died of natural causes. We classified the occupational sector into nine essential sectors; non-essential; or unemployed or without an occupation provided on the death certificate. We calculated the number of COVID-19 deaths in total and per capita that occurred in each occupational sector. Separately, using autoregressive...

The Opioid Industry Documents Archive: A Living Digital Repository

Thu, 21 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The Opioid Industry Documents Archive: A Living Digital Repository

Leadership development programs for healthcare professionals in low‐and middle‐income countries: A systematic review

Wed, 13 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Leadership development programs are integral to the future success of public health and healthcare organisations. Despite low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a greater burden of unmet medical needs, fewer professional development opportunities exist in these settings. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of available leadership development programs for healthcare professionals in LMICs. METHODS: This study conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-P systematic review and traditional meta-analyses guidelines. Articles were identified through five academic databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC, and Business Source Complete. Eligibility criteria included original research published in peer-reviewed journals on non-clinical, leadership development programs offered to healthcare professionals in LMICs worldwide. RESULTS: Forty-one peer-reviewed articles met inclusion criteria, of which physicians,...

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (“Long COVID”): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Importance: Reduced exercise capacity is commonly reported among individuals with Long COVID (LC). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold-standard to measure exercise capacity to identify causes of exertional intolerance. Objectives: To estimate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on exercise capacity including those with and without LC symptoms and to characterize physiologic patterns of limitations to elucidate possible mechanisms of LC. Data Sources: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, preprint severs, conference abstracts, and cited references in December 2021 and again in May 2022. Study Selection: We included studies of adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection at least three months prior that included CPET measured peak VO ₂ . 3,523 studies were screened independently by two blinded reviewers; 72 (2.2%) were selected for full-text review and 36 (1.2%) met the inclusion criteria; we identified 3 additional studies from preprint servers. Data Extraction...

Survival outcomes in pediatric recurrent high-grade glioma: results of a 20-year systematic review and meta-analysis

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Recurrent pediatric high-grade glioma is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. We report results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating survival outcome in pediatric patients with recurrent high-grade glioma over the last 20 years. MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Review databases were searched for relevant studies reporting on survival outcomes for pediatric patients with recurrent high-grade glioma treated between 1996 and 2016. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated cumulatively over all studies, by therapy subgroup, and by decade of treatment. Random effects models were used to control for heterogeneity as measured by the I2 statistic. A total of 17 studies across 4 treatment strategies were included. Eleven investigated traditional chemotherapy, 1 investigated targeted therapy, 3 investigated immunotherapy, and 2 investigated radiotherapy. A total of 129 patients were included with a...

Navigation programs relevant for African American men with prostate cancer: a scoping review protocol

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

BackgroundThe excess incidence and mortality due to prostate cancer that impacts African American men constitutes the largest of all cancer disparities. Patient navigation is a patient-centered healthcare system intervention to eliminate barriers to timely, high-quality care across the cancer continuum and improves health outcomes among vulnerable patients. However, little is known regarding the extent to which navigation programs include cultural humility to address prostate cancer disparities among African American men. We present a scoping review protocol of an in-depth examination of navigation programs in prostate cancer care—including navigation activities/procedures, training, and management—with a special focus on cultural context and humility for African American men to achieve health equity.MethodsWe will conduct comprehensive searches of the literature in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete, using keywords and index terms (Mesh and Emtree) within the...

Person-Centered Care Research in Ghana: a Scoping Review Protocol

Tue, 12 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract Background: Person-centered care (PCC) is provision of care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and ensures that patient values guide all clinical decisions. While there is a large body of evidence on the benefits of PCC in high-income countries, little research exists on PCC in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa at large. Most studies on PCC have focused on maternity care as part of the global movement of respectful maternity care. The few studies on patient experiences and health system responsiveness beyond maternal health also highlight gaps in patient experience and satisfaction, as well as discrimination in health facilities which leads to the most vulnerable having the poorest experiences. This scoping review aims to systematically map the extent of literature focused on PCC in Ghana by identifying patient expectations and preferences, barriers and facilitators, and interventions regarding PCC in Ghana.Methods:...

Earlier initiation of palliative care in the disease trajectory of people living with dementia: a scoping review protocol

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

INTRODUCTION: While the need for palliative care for people living with dementia has widely been recognised, they continue to be a disadvantaged group when it comes to timely initiation, and controversies remain regarding appropriate timing, or what elements constitute high quality palliative care early in the disease trajectory. To date, no literature review has summarised this debate or offered insights. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a general overview of research regarding palliative care in mild or moderate dementia, to identify existing controversies, and to examine what are key components of palliative care in dementia, specifically when initiated earlier in the disease trajectory. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Consistent with recent guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, we carried out a search for academic literature in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science;...

Cost-Effectiveness of Immunotherapy Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Kidney cancer exerts significant disease burden in the United States and possesses a rapidly evolving treatment landscape. The expansion of novel systemic treatment approaches and the use of immunotherapy has been accompanied by increased costs over time. However, the cost-effectiveness of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been fully assessed. The current study presents a systematic review of cost-effectiveness studies of immunotherapy-based treatment in the context of RCC. METHODS: A literature search utilizing PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken to find articles related to the cost-effectiveness of immunotherapy treatment in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The inclusion criteria for articles were as follows: English, published between 1983 and 2020 and evaluated cost-effectiveness in any of the currently approved immunotherapies for RCC. Exclusion criteria included being a review article, commentary or editorial,...

Examining reporting and representation of patients with cancer in COVID‐19 clinical trials

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Background

Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with a cancer diagnosis are three times more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to non-cancer patients. Due to these observed risks, it is critical that emerging COVID-19 therapies demonstrate safety and efficacy among patients with cancer.

Aim

This study sought to examine reporting and representation of patients with cancer among published COVID-19 treatment-related research studies.

Methods and results

All published COVID-19 treatment-related clinical research studies published from March 1 to August 20, 2020 recruiting from North America and Europe were identified. The date published, study design, therapeutics studied, and study population were evaluated. Of the 343 studies identified through initial search and researcher knowledge, 55 (16%) reported on COVID-19 treatments. Twenty-one COVID-19 therapeutic studies (n = 15,...

Diagnosis, Staging, Radiation Treatment Response Assessment, and Outcome Prognostication of Head and Neck Cancers Using PET Imaging A Systematic Review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This systematic review summarizes the current applications of ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging in the diagnosis, staging, radiation treatment response assessment, and outcome prognostication of head and neck cancers. For head and neck cancers of unknown primary origin, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT increases the likelihood of identifying the primary tumor and establishing the diagnosis. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is important in the accurate staging of locoregionally advanced cases of HNSCC, which can greatly affect recommendations for treatment. Following definitive chemoradiation, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is validated as a means of treatment response assessment. Emerging PET tracers of hypoxia and their potential applications are reviewed.

The significance of surgically modifying soft tissue phenotype around fixed dental prostheses: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: This systematic review endeavored to investigate the effect of soft tissue phenotype modification therapy (PhMT-s) at sites with a tooth or an implant supported fixed dental prosthesis. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent examiners to identify relevant studies reporting differences in clinical, esthetic, or radiographic outcomes of interest between sites underwent PhMT-s and sites that remained untreated. Risk of bias assessment was calculated for all included studies. Meta-analyses involving endpoints of interest were performed when feasible. RESULTS: No controlled studies pertaining to tooth sites were identified. A total of six articles reporting on the outcomes of buccal soft tissue phenotype modification around implants were selected, of which, five were included in the meta-analyses. Quantitative analyses showed a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.98 mm (95% CI = 0.25 to 1.72 mm, P = 0.009) for change of tissue...

Three-dimensional morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint in asymptomatic patients who undergo orthodontic treatment: A systematic review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarize the morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and were assessed by 3-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, and multidetector computed tomography). STUDY DESIGN: The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify original articles from 2014 to 2021 containing keywords for morphologic changes in the TMJ, orthodontic treatment, and three-dimensional imaging methods. Prospective and retrospective studies, including observational, cross-sectional, randomized, and nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies, were reviewed. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed in studies selected for the full-text review. RESULTS: The search strategy...

Characteristics of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections among Vaccinated Individuals and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

We sought to assess breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals by variant distribution and to identify the common risk associations. The PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched from 2019 to 30 January 2022. The outcome of interest was breakthrough infections (BTIs) in individuals who had completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Thirty-three papers were included in the review. BTIs were more common among variants of concern (VOC) of which Delta accounted for the largest number of BTIs (96%), followed by Alpha (0.94%). In addition, 90% of patients with BTIs recovered, 11.6% were hospitalized with mechanical ventilation, and 0.6% resulted in mortality. BTIs were more common in healthcare workers (HCWs) and immunodeficient individuals with a small percentage found in fully vaccinated healthy individuals. VOC mutations were the primary cause of BTIs. Continued mitigation approaches (e.g., wearing masks and social distancing) are...

Ecological systems in relation to Latinx youth in the juvenile justice system: A narrative literature review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

We conducted a narrative review of literature focused on Latinx youth in the Juvenile Justice System (JJS). The goal of this review was to identify the behavioral health needs and social and cultural factors that place Latinx youth at disproportionate risk for contact and entrenchment with the JJS. Ecodevelopmental Theory (ET) was used as the guiding framework for this review, and a total of 16 peer reviewed articles from Embase, PsychINFO, and Pubmed were collected, analyzed, and summarized. Consistent with ET, we organized themes from the literature into the following sections: (a) microsystem (i.e., family, psychiatric care, sexual health care, school); (b) mesosystem (i.e., family and social environment); (c) exosystem (i.e., family and neighborhood context, and bicultural stress); and (d) macrosystem (i.e., generational status, cultural stress, social class). Sociopolitical disparities, such as disproportionate sentencing by social class and trauma stemming from political...

Association of tooth loss with morbidity and mortality by diabetes status in older adults: a systematic review

Wed, 8 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

ObjectiveThis systematic review assesses the association of tooth loss (TL), as the exposure, with morbidity and mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) status, as the outcome, in older adults.BackgroundIndividuals with DM have higher prevalence of severe TL and increased risk of developing morbidities and mortality. No systematic review has evaluated the association between TL with morbidity and mortality by DM status.Material and methodsComprehensive searches used multiple publication databases containing reports published between 01/01/2000 and 04/21/2021. Two authors independently evaluated included studies for quality and risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for cohort and Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal sheet for cross-sectional studies, while a third author arbitrated decisions to resolve disagreements.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria: eight cross-sectional and five cohort. Qualitative review...

Supporting the Spectrum Scholarship Program: perspectives from the Northern California and Nevada Medical Library Group

Tue, 17 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The immediate past presidents and current president of the Northern California and Nevada Medical Library Group write to raise awareness of the American Library Association Spectrum Scholarship Program, share their approach to supporting Scholars in their region, and encourage Medical Library Association (MLA) chapters and MLA at large to build stronger infrastructures to support Black, Indigenous, and People of Color librarians who are in school and recently graduated.

Summary of second annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge—A movement to accelerate translation of knowledge into action

Wed, 11 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The volume of biomedical knowledge is growing exponentially and much of this knowledge is represented in computer executable formats, such as models, algorithms and programmatic code. There is a growing need to apply this knowledge to improve health in Learning Health Systems, health delivery organizations, and other settings. However, most organizations do not yet have the infrastructure required to consume and apply computable knowledge, and national policies and standards adoption are not sufficient to ensure that it is discoverable and used safely and fairly, nor is there widespread experience in the process of knowledge implementation as clinical decision support. The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community formed in 2016 to address these needs. This report summarizes the main outputs of the Second Annual MCBK public meeting, which was held at the National Institutes of Health on July 18-19, 2019 and brought together over 150 participants from various...

Summary of third annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge—Accelerating the second knowledge revolution

Wed, 11 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The volume of biomedical knowledge is growing exponentially and much of this knowledge is represented in computer executable formats, such as models, algorithms, and programmatic code. There is a growing need to apply this knowledge to improve health in Learning Health Systems, health delivery organizations, and other settings. However, most organizations do not yet have the infrastructure required to consume and apply computable knowledge, and national policies and standards adoption are not sufficient to ensure that it is discoverable and used safely and fairly, nor is there widespread experience in the process of knowledge implementation as clinical decision support. The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community was formed in 2016 to address these needs. This report summarizes the main outputs of the third annual MCBK public meeting, which was held virtually from June 30 to July 1, 2020 and brought together over 200 participants from various domains to frame...

Nurturing diversity and inclusion in AI in Biomedicine through a virtual summer program for high school students

Mon, 21 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the power to improve our lives through a wide variety of applications, many of which fall into the healthcare space; however, a lack of diversity is contributing to limitations in how broadly AI can help people. The UCSF AI4ALL program was established in 2019 to address this issue by targeting high school students from underrepresented backgrounds in AI, giving them a chance to learn about AI with a focus on biomedicine, and promoting diversity and inclusion. In 2020, the UCSF AI4ALL three-week program was held entirely online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, students participated virtually to gain experience with AI, interact with diverse role models in AI, and learn about advancing health through AI. Specifically, they attended lectures in coding and AI, received an in-depth research experience through hands-on projects exploring COVID-19, and engaged in mentoring and personal development sessions with faculty, researchers, industry professionals,...

Health sciences librarians’ engagement in open science: a scoping review

Mon, 3 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

OBJECTIVES: To identify the engagement of health sciences librarians (HSLs) in open science (OS) through the delivery of library services, support, and programs for researchers. METHODS: We performed a scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework and Joanna Briggs' Manual for Scoping Reviews. Our search methods consisted of searching five bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LISTA, and Web of Science Core Collection), reference harvesting, and targeted website and journal searching. To determine study eligibility, we applied predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and reached consensus when there was disagreement. We extracted data in duplicate and performed qualitative analysis to map key themes. RESULTS: We included fifty-four studies. Research methods included descriptive or narrative approaches (76%); surveys, questionnaires, and interviews (15%); or mixed methods (9%). We labeled studies with one or more of FOSTER's six OS themes: open access...

Mobile health strategies for blood pressure self-management in urban populations with digital barriers: systematic review and meta-analyses

Tue, 7 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies improve hypertension outcomes, but it is unknown if this benefit applies to all populations. This review aimed to describe the impact of mHealth interventions on blood pressure outcomes in populations with disparities in digital health use. We conducted a systematic search to identify studies with systolic blood pressure (SBP) outcomes located in urban settings in high-income countries that included a digital health disparity population, defined as mean age ≥65 years; lower educational attainment (≥60% ≤high school education); and/or racial/ethnic minority (<50% non-Hispanic White for US studies). Interventions were categorized using an established self-management taxonomy. We conducted a narrative synthesis; among randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a six-month SBP outcome, we conducted random-effects meta-analyses. Twenty-nine articles (representing 25 studies) were included, of which 15 were RCTs. Fifteen studies used text messaging;...

Provider Impacts of Socioeconomic Risk Screening and Referral Programs: A Scoping Review

Wed, 4 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND: Initiatives to identify and intervene on patients' socioeconomic needs in the context of health care delivery are expanding. Little information has been compiled across studies on health care providers' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors (KABB) regarding socioeconomic risk screening and referral interventions. METHODS: We conducted a systematic scoping review of providers' KABB related to health care-based socioeconomic risk screening and referral interventions using several search engines. Included studies assessed health care providers' KABB about screening and interventions conducted in clinical settings. RESULTS: Of 14,757 studies evaluated, 53 were eligible for inclusion. Study designs were heterogeneous. Outcome measures included attitudes and beliefs (n = 42), provider behaviors (n = 35), and provider knowledge (n = 26). The majority of providers expressed positive attitudes toward addressing patients' socioeconomic risks. Participants...

Open Science Framework (OSF)

Wed, 28 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000
The Open Science Framework (OSF) is a free, open source, research workflow web application developed and maintained by the Center for Open Science (COS).

Tableau (version. 9.1)

Wed, 28 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000
Tableau (version. 9.1)

Assessing the impact of introductory programming workshops on the computational reproducibility of biomedical workflows

Wed, 28 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000
AbstractIntroductionAs biomedical research becomes more data-intensive, computational reproducibility is a growing area of importance. Unfortunately, many biomedical researchers have not received formal computational training and often struggle to produce results that can be reproduced using the same data, code, and methods. Programming workshops can be a tool to teach new computational methods, but it is not always clear whether researchers are able to use their new skills to make their work more computationally reproducible.MethodsThis mixed methods study consisted of in-depth interviews with 14 biomedical researchers before and after participation in an introductory programming workshop. During the interviews, participants described their research workflows and responded to a quantitative checklist measuring reproducible behaviors. The interview data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, and the pre and post workshop checklist scores were compared to assess the impact...

The state of the journal: the Journal of the Medical Library Association in 2020

Mon, 26 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000
As the premier journal in health sciences librarianship, the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) continuously strives to publish high-quality work that advances research and practice and to provide irreplaceable value for readers, authors, and reviewers. This editorial reflects on the state of JMLA in 2020 by describing our editorial team and volume of submissions, highlighting recent initiatives that strengthen the journal's position in the profession, and sharing future plans to enrich JMLA's content and promote open science. Committed to ending structural racism and other inequities in the field, we also issue an ongoing call for submissions pertaining to social justice and critical perspectives on health sciences librarianship.

Tableau (version. 9.1)

Tue, 20 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000
None

Assessing the National Library of Medicine’s Informationist Awards

Tue, 20 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000
OBJECTIVE: To understand the experience of the informationist recipients of NLM-funded Administrative Supplements for Informationist Services and gather evidence for their impact on NIH-funded biomedical research. METHODS: A mixed methods approach consisting of a survey of principal investigators and a focus group of informationists. RESULTS: Informationists appeared to have a positive impact on their team's research, especially in the areas of data storage, data management planning, data organization, and literature searching. In addition, many informationists felt that their involvement had increased their research skills and made them true research partners. Assessing their own impact was a challenge for the award recipients, and questions remain about the best evaluation methods. The overall experience of the informationists and researchers was mixed but largely positive. CONCLUSION: The NLM-funded informationist supplement award appears to be a successful mechanism for immersing...

Why do biomedical researchers learn to program? An exploratory investigation

Mon, 29 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000
OBJECTIVE: As computer programming becomes increasingly important in the biomedical sciences and more libraries offer programming classes, it is crucial for librarians to understand how researchers use programming in their work. The goal of this study was to understand why biomedical researchers who enrolled in a library-sponsored workshop wanted to learn to program in R and Python. METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed with fourteen researchers registered for beginning R and Python programming workshops at the University of California, San Francisco Library. A thematic analysis approach was used to extract the top reasons that researchers learned to program. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged from the interviews. Researchers wanted to learn R and Python programming in order to perform their data analysis independently, to be an informed collaborator, to engage with new forms of big data research, and to have more flexibility in the tools that they used for...

Statement on Inclusion and Equity in Special Collections, Archives, and Distinctive Collections in the University of California Libraries

Tue, 5 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

We acknowledge historical absences in library collections, including those of the University of California Libraries. We will develop practices that counteract a paradigm of racist, sexist, and white-centered collecting, description, instruction, and access. Metadata, digital exhibits, and archival descriptions in particular have disadvantaged communities of color, limited points of subject-based access, and contributed to a culture of exclusivity and inequity. We commit to immediate and enduring work to elevate the narratives, perspectives, and expertise of the marginalized: those who identify as Black, Indigenous, persons of color, immigrants, women, disabled people, and those from the LGBTQ+ communities. We recognize that this work is iterative and ongoing, inherently risky, and messy, but entirely necessary.

Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Justice-Involved Youth: Data-Driven Recommendations for Action Using the Sequential Intercept Model

Tue, 6 Oct 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Justice-involved youth experience high rates of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), placing them in great need of behavioral health treatment and risk for continued justice involvement. Policy makers, government agencies, and professionals working with justice-involved youth have called for trauma-informed juvenile justice reform. Yet, there is currently no available review of the literature on ACEs and their impact on justice-involved youths’ psychological, legal and related (e.g., academic) outcomes to rigorously guide such reform efforts. The current systematic scoping review synthesizes existing literature related to the impact of ACEs on justice-involved youth and offers recommendations for data-driven intervention along the Sequential Intercept Model, which describes five different points of justice system contact (i.e., first arrest, court diversion, detention, community supervision) in which there is opportunity to intervene and improve youth behavioral health, legal...

Advancing a Controversial Research Agenda: Navigating Institutional Dynamics and Politics

Tue, 6 Oct 2020 00:00:00 +0000
Conducting research on topics that others consider “controversial” comes with manychallenges. A key tenet of critical librarianship is to disrupt the status quo, whether that involves dismantling white supremacy culture, questioning patriarchal systems, or rejecting heteronormative practices.1 This chapter provides a guide for librarians interested in conducting research that challenges systems of oppression within and outside of librarianshipbut are unsure how to get started or are afraid that their libraries may not supportthis work. First-hand lessons learned for conducting research on controversial topics are provided by examining the development of two research projects about sexual harassment experiences of University of California library employees.

Assessing the impact of introductory programming workshops on the computational reproducibility of biomedical workflows

Fri, 11 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000
Assessing the impact of introductory programming workshops on the computational reproducibility of biomedical workflows

What’s behind OA2020? Accelerating the transition to open access with introspection and repurposing funds

Fri, 14 Aug 2020 00:00:00 +0000
In 2017, four University of California (UC) campuses took a public stance on accelerating the transition to open access (OA) by endorsing the Open Access 2020 (OA2020) initiative’s Expression of Interest (EOI). OA2020 is an international effort to convert the existing corpus of scholarly journals from subscription-based access to OA. In March 2017, when the first three UC campuses—UC-Berkeley, UC-Davis, and UC-San Francisco—endorsed,1,2 there had been only one U.S. signatory institution (California State University-Northridge, having endorsed in July 2016). Six months later in September 2017, another UC campus, Merced, added its affirmation. As of this writing, these five California universities remain the only OA2020 EOI signatories from the United States.3

A Reproducibility Workshop Series for Biomedical Researchers

Fri, 24 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000
The Library, Graduate Division, and Open Science Group at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) collaborated in the Fall of 2019 on a credit-bearing workshop series on biomedical reproducibility. The series was targeted at UCSF graduate students and researchers and designed to satisfy NIH Rigor and Reproducibility requirements. In addition to covering open data, open code, open protocols, and open access, this workshop series included sessions on designing rigorous experiments, engaging with new forms of peer review, and building a reproducible lab. The goal of this project was for subject experts to provide hands-on training that will improve research workflows, stimulate conversations about open science and research reproducibility, and build an open curriculum that can be replicated by other institutions. This talk describes this innovative workshop series and reports on pre-workshop assessments of researchers' knowledge and behaviors...

Ethics and Open Science

Fri, 24 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000
Open science, the movement to open up the products of scientific research, has the potential to make biomedical research more transparent, reproducible, and equitable. However, as research practices and requirements evolve we are faced with new ethical questions around data ownership, participant consent, and paywalls. This talk will give an overview of the current state of open science in biomedical research and hopefully spark a dialogue about the ethics of practicing science in the open.

Biomedical Reproducibility Workshop Series

Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Given the growing attention to reproducibility in the biomedical sciences there is an increasing need for hands-on reproducibility training for biomedical researchers. To address this need, the Library, Graduate Division, and Open Science Group of University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) collaborated in the Fall of 2019 to create a for-credit workshop series on biomedical reproducibility. The series was targeted at graduate students and postdocs, and aimed to translate recommendations for best practice into actionable steps and training.
Description: The eight-part workshop series was designed to meet the Rigor and Reproducibility requirements of the National Institutes of Health, and included sessions on open data, open code, open protocols, open access, designing rigorous experiments, engaging with new forms of peer review, and building a reproducible lab. Sessions were taught by experts from UCSF as well as outside experts in reproducibility and open...

Assessing the impact of programming workshops on biomedical research reproducibility

Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Given the growing need for computational reproducibility in the biomedical sciences many libraries have started teaching programming workshops. However, little is known about the extent to which researchers are able to translate their new coding skills into more reproducible workflows. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of programming workshops on the computational reproducibility of biomedical workflows.
Methods: This mixed-methods study consisted of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 University of California, San Francisco researchers at two points in time: before they participated in a UCSF Library-led introductory R and Python programming workshop, and three months after they completed the workshop. During the interviews the author collected qualitative data on the tools, methods, and processes researchers used in their work, and quantitative data from a questionnaire that measured evidence of computationally reproducible behaviors....

Self-managed abortion: A systematic scoping review

Wed, 21 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0000
Self-managed abortion, when a person performs their own abortion without clinical supervision, is a model of abortion care used across a range of settings. To provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available literature on self-managed abortion, we conducted a systematic search for peer-reviewed research in April 2019 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Popline, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Scielo, and Redalyc. We included studies that had a research question focused on self-managed abortion; and were published in English or Spanish. The combined search returned 7,167 studies; after screening, 99 studies were included in the analysis. Included studies reported on methods, procurement, characteristics of those who self-managed, effectiveness, safety, reasons for self-managed abortion, and emotional and physical experiences. Numerous abortion methods were reported, most frequently abortion with pills and herbs. Studies reporting on self-managed medication abortion reported high-levels...

California Health Benefits Review Program Analysis of California Senate Bill SB 190 Acquired Brain Injury

Tue, 20 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0000
California Health Benefits Review Program Analysis of California Senate Bill SB 190 Acquired Brain Injury

Forum Planning Committee’s Report to UC Council of University Librarians on Choosing Pathways to Open Access (CP2OA)

Fri, 10 May 2019 00:00:00 +0000

On October 16-17, 2018, University of California (UC) libraries hosted a working forum in Berkeley, California entitled “Choosing Pathways to Open Access” (“CP2OA”) (see https://cp2oa18.com/). Sponsored by the University of California’s Council of University Librarians (“CoUL”), the forum was designed to enable North American library or consortium leaders and key academic stakeholders to engage in action-focused deliberations about redirecting subscription and other funds toward sustainable open access (“OA”) publishing.
This report was prepared by members of the forum’s Planning Committee1 as a way to update CoUL on forum outcomes, and to synthesize these outcomes into recommendations for further collective (UC multi-institutional) action to advance OA. The recommendations reflect the opinions of the report drafters; they are not an official statement by CoUL, nor should publication of this report signify CoUL’s endorsement of our recommendations. We (the Planning Committee)...

Describing Digital: The Design and Creation of a Born-Digital Archival Description Standard at the University of California Libraries

Mon, 10 Sep 2018 00:00:00 +0000
This case study outlines the process of creating a set of standards to guide description of born-digital archival collections materials in an archival context across the University of California (UC) system. The authors outline the need for such a standard, including the research methodology that helped establish this need, and the procedures by which these new guidelines were created, refined, and accepted across the UC. The paper goes into detail about the processes, considerations, and discussions that went into drafting rules for each descriptive element included in the standards. The authors argue that much of the specific guidance for describing born-digital materials that is present in these new standards does not exist elsewhere, and that existing archival description standards could benefit from consideration or incorporation of these new descriptive rules. This is identified as an area for future work.

Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review

Thu, 26 Oct 2017 00:00:00 +0000
Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review

Opening Access for a New Era of Scholarly Publishing. A Report of the Access to Continuing Resources Interest Group (ALCTS CRS) Program, American Library Association Annual Conference, Anaheim, June 2012

Wed, 24 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000
Opening Access for a New Era of Scholarly Publishing. A Report of the Access to Continuing Resources Interest Group (ALCTS CRS) Program, American Library Association Annual Conference, Anaheim, June 2012