http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ulab_cogscipsych/rss Recent eScholarship items from Cognitive Science & Psychology Division, ULAB Mon, 14 Sep 2026 02:44:09 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62f5x4q0 A d factor? Understanding Trait Distractibility and Its Relationships with ADHD Symptomatology - A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62f5x4q0 Tue, 5 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Eloy C.C., Luiza Lathan, Mikayla Luna, Ashley Luftman, Ryan Ohashi, Nao Rahman, Inara Qiao, Joyce https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dg9b5mp Analysis of Zeitgeber-Timed Blue Light Exposure &amp; Circadian Rhythm Fragmentation in Aged Rat Models https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dg9b5mp Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Manwaring, Jeremy Liu, Annie Luck, Sophie Tawfik, Theodosya Rose, Ellie Lopes, Ashlyn Huang, Scarlett M’ghirbi, Shiraz https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp8c0tc Visual Orientation Discrimination and Intelligence: A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zp8c0tc Mon, 2 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Dincer, Taylan A. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vh6500j Replicating and Extending Corneal Confocal Microscopy Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Machine Learning and Subgroup Analysis https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vh6500j Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hahn, Nathan Joshi, Ava Pineda, Lou Zhang, Mason Khan, Yusrah Amati, Sriya Tiwari, Devli https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tb2p90n Replication and Extension of Mental Health and Social Contact During the COVID-19 Pandemic https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tb2p90n Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Lin, Henry Chau, Evan Kim, Josephine Lopez, Armando Hong, Ashley Furukawa, Kaho Velagic, Aldijana Venkatesan, Priya Gholikhamseh, Mona https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kh6z9bd Tiny Minds, Twice Measured: A Replication and Extension of Causal Relational Problem Solving in Toddlers https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kh6z9bd Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Bhattacharya, Aishani A. Buntin-Nakamura, Alexandra N. Ha, Jenny Liang, Joyce Liu, Jennifer F. Yu, Justin C. Mendoza, Jomar A. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xx977n3 Replication and Extension of Schooling Effects on Cognitive Control and Brain Activation https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xx977n3 Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Alex Maganti, Akhila Sun, Tanya Wen, Bryant https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v919851 View Duration of Visual Art has Little Effect on Emotional, Eudaemonic, and Cognitive Response: A Dive into Beyond Beauty: Does visual art facilitate social cognitive skills | A Replication &amp; Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v919851 Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Aeyeung, Isaac Joshi, Tvisha Kim, Chanic Liu, Wendy Pae, Anny Reid, Finley Tajri, Maaria Tsai, Claire https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p27r08q Replicating and Extending Upon “Hindsight Bias in Depression” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p27r08q Mon, 20 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Bhardwaj,, Ayushi Eloy Couto Correia, Luiza Kaur Dharni, Noor Jeong, Hannah Kermani, Aaron https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zd3v64r The Effects of Mindfulness on False Memory Production and the Depression-Focused Attention Link: A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zd3v64r Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Bol, Kiely Fan, Layla Manwaring, Jeremy Wahab, Asim Reineck, Eva Chikara, Tia Lin, Henry https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k67s0nk Mood Induction Techniques and Mind-body Practices on Mind-Wandering &amp; Well-being: A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k67s0nk Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Chang, Fang Hsi Ercingoz, Mira Gonzalez, Daniel Jain, Aman Sidhu, Daleen Spears, Christinie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62s9z257 The Social Brain Network: Dynamics Of Social Connectivity and Isolation: A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62s9z257 Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Brogle, Nicholas Dai, Andrew Edara, Anika Kudriavtsev, Katherine Linares, Adrian Nguyen, Mary Shui, Hong Zhao, Marina Cervera, Megan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mb3k613 Comparative Morphological Processing in Adult Chinese-English Bilinguals: Insights from ERP and Electrophysiological Responses https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mb3k613 Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Chowdhury, Yeemmin Jajj, Sanjam Ong, Sandra Tahir, Myra Vora, Shreya Liu, Eileen Zhang, Nick https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9114m1xw Replication and Extension of the Comparison of Wrist Actigraphy and Sleep Diaries in Measuring Sleep in Healthy Adults https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9114m1xw Tue, 23 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Asatryan, Sona Azarmi-Por, Ryan Contreras, Eli Lin, Henry Melwani, Devan Judge, Grace Vuong, Sharon https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9850j6jv The Unintended Consequences Of The Things We Say: A Replication and Extension https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9850j6jv Sun, 25 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Cuaderno, Idalys Cuaderno Gullon, Alicia Kudriavtsev, Katherine Neinast, Sinead Palkar, Esha Vinci, Samuel Zhao, Marina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zb444tx Context in Emotion Recognition: A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zb444tx Sun, 25 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Abillar, Alexandra Cervera, Megan Chan, Steven-Jethro Chen, Yifei Huang, Jason Kang, Christiana Kim, Chanic Keerthana Puvvula, Sai Wei, Amber Vedagarbha, Namrata https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sm1b5d8 Linking Childhood Emotional Abuse and Psychological Problems in Adulthood: A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sm1b5d8 Sun, 25 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Arul, Riya Barba, Izzy Bellevue, Marie Chen, Cindy De La Rocha, Sophia Nadir, Imaan Pagare, Maanya Vedagarbha, Namrata https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xn8x877 How Relationships Bias Moral Reasoning: Neural and Self-Report Evidence: A Replication and Extention Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xn8x877 Sun, 25 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Chan, Amanda Delis, Nasia Hervas, Zag Krishna, Janaki Kawamoto, Linda Muyot, Sercy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83b6w61x Exploring the Role of Genetics in Self Control:&nbsp;A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83b6w61x Thu, 18 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Bhatnagar, Pearl Haq, Izba Hui, Sarah Luna, Genesis Lee, Jane Tao, Ria Van, Jennie Vedagarbha, Namrata Weerakoon, Nimangie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fn972g8 Childhood Adversity, Stress in Adulthood, Emotion Regulation Strategies and Inflammation: A Replication and Extension Study https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fn972g8 Mon, 15 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Eghbali, Areianaz Ercingoz, Mira Giammanco, Alexandra Karusala, Suchira Krishnan, Nanditha Wong, Katrina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fw3f6nj Intuitive metacognitive processes such as metaperception surprisingly have a lot moreinfluence on the intersectionality between interpersonal relations and health than one thinks. Of the many forms of metaperception, this paper aims to further explore the overblown implications effect (OIE), which is a prevalent metaperception error where one overestimates how much other people think of their successes or failures. We conducted a mixed ANOVA analysis and found further support for the statistically significant discrepancy between actors’ metaperception ratings and observers’ social perception ratings. For the extension, we continue to explore whether a longer rating duration for the actors would result in more accurate predictions of observers’ ratings compared to observers’ actual ratings by running a mixed ANOVA analysis. We hypothesized that increasing the rating duration would decrease the difference between the actors’ metaperception ratings and the observers’ social perception... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fw3f6nj Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 He, Cady Wang, Katharine Liu, Jessica Ercingöz, Deniz Balagula, Karena Lee, Jane https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sw5v0t5 Declining cognition, physical health, and mental health are common yet major publichealth challenges. However, research connecting declining cognition and health to common social stressors is limited. This paper aims to replicate Lindert et al. (2021), who used the MIDUS data set, a national sample of non-institutionalized, English-speaking respondents aged 25-74 living throughout the United States, to investigate the decline in episodic memory and executive function with social stress variables. The subsequent extension of the original study seeks to predict various physical and mental health outcomes from different community trust variables. In both the replication and extension, multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of social stressors and trust on cognition and health. We replicated the results reported in the original study, which suggested greater levels of perceived inequality in the family, marital stress, lifetime discrimination, and daily... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sw5v0t5 Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Allen, Yirmeyahuw Cohen, Rebecca Kaur, Gurleen Pham, Rachel Su, Rachel Wang, Serena Wong, Katrina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sn8d3m5 The mental model theory (MMT) proposes that reasoners mentally construct iconic representations of the information they have processed (Johnson-Laird, 2020). This study focuses on the mental model theory to explore the effect of working memory on reasoning, how mental models are represented internally, and how these features of reasoning vary across developmental stages. We referred to Demiddele et al.’s (2019) methods as the foundation of our analysis of the mental model theory in schoolchildren. The main finding of this study was that when note-taking is available, participants spontaneously draw iconic representations of the information consistent with MMT. Their performances varied with and without notes, with participants generally scoring more points when they took notes. In our replication, we attempted to recreate the results of the original study through an in-depth analysis of the statistical models utilized that assessed the implications and the application of the mental... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sn8d3m5 Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Mettapalli, Amit Patel, Neel Yang, Sharona Brown, Tauren Chowdhury, Tayeba Sherwal, Anant https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34c0z5bt The self-congruity effect of music is the tendency of listeners to choose music based on how similar they are to the artist. The personality traits of both the artist and fan can be measured using the Big Five personality traits. Developed in the 1980s to group together personality traits, these traits include openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Openness describes an individual’s curiosity, conscientiousness describes being organized or dependable, extraversion describes a person’s inclination to seek stimulation from the outside world, agreeableness describes a person’s tendency to put others’ needs ahead of their own, and neuroticism describes being anxious or irritable. A 2021 study ran a series of three tests that measured the kind of musical preference, demographics, and perception the participants attained (Greenberg et al.). They concluded that there is statistical significance between the personality of an artist and those who self-identified... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/34c0z5bt Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Adami, Sean Feng, Ruth Kuo, Allison Noru, Sahana Sanchez, Kellan Shafaeen, Sarah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t09k7dh To analyze the development and nature of essentialist beliefs about race in earlychildhood, we replicated Mandalaywala and colleagues’ original study on the topic, in which a “switched-at-birth” task was used to test participants’ beliefs about the heritability of skin color and behavioral/psychological traits. We accessed their data through OSF and implemented quasibinomial and linear regression models using RStudio. As an extension to the original study, models were modified to incorporate participant sex as a variable. Overall, children judged skin color to be more heritable when the race of the birth mother was white but neither participant race nor sex was a strong predictor of general beliefs about the heritability of skin color. As expected, greater outgroup exposure was associated with a decrease in racial essentialism. Additionally, we found that Black participants exhibited higher levels of racial essentialism, and both Black participants and female participants displayed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0t09k7dh Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Abramsky-Sze, Sofia Mon Kyaw, Yee Maroufkhani, Sherien-Isabelle Rasheed, Maia Shah, Molisha Lee, Erin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0667f7dg Analogical transfer, or the ability to use similar solutions to solve seemingly dissimilar problems, has been studied in children using tasks that require the support of long-term memory. However, the transfer of solutions that require the use of tools, or objects with certain functional parts, has not been studied in great depth. This paper replicates and extends upon data collected from a novel study that investigated the role of age and memory on analogical transfer across children who attend public preschools in southern Sweden (Bobrowicz et al., 2020). The purpose of this study was to integrate analogical transfer with functional tool-dependent problem solving and study how both skills develop in toddlerhood. The replication yielded similar results to the original experiment in all five hypotheses tested, with the main finding being that age is not a significant predictor of being able to display analogical transfer from task to task. As an extension to the variables examined... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0667f7dg Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Bains, Jasleen Chang, Kristen Liu, Rachel Pierce, Midori Vedagarbha, Namrata https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zc3h9tf Previous research in moral psychology has shown that the willingness to protect a criminal an offender from punishment is influenced by emotional closeness to that offender (Weidman et al., 2020). Research has yet to examine cognitive mechanisms and the information considered whendeciding between protecting or reporting the offender. We replicated Experiment 2a of Berg Kitayama, &amp; Kross (2021), which investigated how closeness to the offender and crime severity influence the willingness to protect the offender, as well as the attentional mechanisms informing that decision. Using Berg &amp; colleagues’ (2021) data, we also explored whether familial vs. non-familial and romantic vs. non-romantic close relationships with the transgressorinfluenced the willingness to protect them. The findings from our replication of Experiment 2a revealed that people were (1) more likely to protect emotionally close transgressors than distant transgressors; (2) more likely to protect the transgressor... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zc3h9tf Tue, 24 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Liu, Andie Rahardjo, Alexa Roelofs, Ashley Sreya, Alvi Su, Isabella Zhou, Katie Qu, Deborah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dt471ds Previous research has documented that infants as young as six months have intuitions about affiliations regarding shared preferences as well as an understanding of homophily. Homophily ultimately influences friendships, marriages, hiring decisions — the interactions of everyday life. Moreover, understanding shared preferences is relevant to predicting human behavior, as well as guiding child development and socialization.The present study aims to (1) replicate earlier work proving the infants’ understanding of homophily and (2) extend our understanding of infant homophily in regards to characterizing the differences in homophily by sex. Both the replication and extension support the original study by proving the original theory that infants can recognize homophilic attractions. The extension, however, explores the roles that sex and test trial type play in homophily, which the original researchers did not observe. Ultimately, the extension provides preliminary evidence that there... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dt471ds Tue, 24 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Cho, YeSeul Depew, Isabella Lee, Marissa Sarmiento, Solei Kapoor, Tarunika Weerakoon, Nimangie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n2618c3 Positive affect, which is known to evoke pleasurable enegagement with one's environment, has well-established potential to reduce the negative effects of stress (Fredrickson, 1998). Although there are various facets of postive affect, we principally examined the alleviating effect of laughter--a common operational defintion of positive affect--on mental and physiological stress responses (Herring et al., 2011). We did so by conducting a replication and extension of a study published by Zander-Schellenberg et al. (2020), who affiirmed the stress-buffering effect of laughter frequency in daily life. In our replication, we attempted to reproduce the findings of the original study, conducted a residual analysis of the statistical models used, and assessed laughter-stress interplay across individual participants. In our extension, we assessed the&nbsp;<em>cumulative</em> stress-buffering effect of laughter frequency in daily life by determining whether the original findings apply to... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9n2618c3 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Raza, Aida Bhatt, Anar Chuang, Joelle Jin, Jing Le, Van Zhang, Miranda https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cj8s8sw From the moment they are born, infants begin to build an internal model of their physical world. This understanding of physical laws, commonly referred to as intuitive physics, develops over time, enabling individuals to successfully explore and interact with their surroundings. However, the cognitive mechanisms through which humans acquire this understanding of physical quantities, such as mass, are unknown. This paper discusses current understanding of a distinct but foundational part of the intuitive physics engine, mass representation. Current research has localized mass representation to dorsal frontoparietal, ventral-temporal, and dorsal premotor areas of the cortex. However, upon thorough literary analysis, the regions primarily responsible in this process have been narrowed down to the frontal and parietal regions. The extent to which these brain regions are responsible seems to be task dependent, opening avenues for further research to investigate the regions activated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cj8s8sw Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Shaik, Alisha Catrambone, Hailey Min, Enoch Peter, Kevin Swander, Louie Wong, Stephanie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81r4m8k3 fMRI has the potential of being able to differentiate between false memory and deception, but to apply this ability to real life situations, such as court cases or in neurodegenerative studies involving the brain's ability to recognize memory, it is vital that fMRI can detect the differences between general memory1 and deception, as false memory is often mixed in with true memory during recollection. To determine whether fMRI can do this, the prior study, “Can fMRI discriminate between deception and false memory? A meta-analytic comparison between deception and false memory studies” (Yu et al., 2019) [18] was extended. Yu et al., 2019 found that true memory and false memory, independently, could be distinguished from deception. This extension aims to determine if brain activity resulting from deception can be distinguished from activity caused by general memory as opposed to false memory. Given the broader scope of general memory compared to false memory, the prediction is put... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81r4m8k3 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Ayat, Noor Candeloza, Louise Davis, Annabel Jaikumar, Adithi Patel, Parth Rocha, Salma Thakur, Aman https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jh2h32g A core paradox within cognitive science is the emergence of cultural functions, such as writing systems and arithmetic, that develop across time spans far too short for our neural systems to evolve to support them. Previous work has addressed this question with the neural recycling hypothesis, proposing that these newer functions are mapped onto pre-existing interconnected regions of the brain, called neural circuits. We replicated results from a study exploring the specific functions that have been recycled to allow for symbolic subtraction and multiplication. Original findings suggested that numerosity circuitry, typically responsible for comparing the size or quantity of two groups, is employed for subtraction and verbal processing circuitry for multiplication. We reviewed the collected fMRI data to construct a model of the brain with the region responsible for numerosity localized. We confirmed that the region localized by the numerosity task corresponded to the right intraparietal... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jh2h32g Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Kapoor, Tarunika Agulnick, Aaron Muttath, Sheryl Kung, Elly https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d8n640 The trail-making test (TMT) is a neuropsychological test that is often used to identify cognitive impairment and dementia. This paper replicates a study that utilized the TMT and an fMRI to determine differences in brain activity across 36 healthy participants between the ages of 52 and 85 years old. Two TMTs were given, three trials of TMT-A and three trials of TMT-B, and data was collected on the speed and accuracy of which the participants completed each of the six trials. The replication is focused specifically on determining if there are neuroanatomical regions of the brain that show significantly different activity during the TMT-A and TMT-B, as well as if there was positive or negative activation in those areas. Significant group-level activation in brain regions during the TMT-A versus TMT-B was found using Python, and activation in those significant clusters during both tests was compared using a t-test. The replication yielded different t-statistics compared to the original... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d8n640 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Vedagarbha, Namrata Chatterjee, Aadrita Medhat, Yasmeen Wong, Katrina Wraich, Rejvir https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5g81c2nm It has been well researched that social hierarchies can determine the developmental outcomes of young children, but little has been studied about the timing of when children develop an understanding of social hierarchies in their respective communities. It was hypothesized that children believe social status co-varies with gender and is unaffected by in-group bias, and that these beliefs are modulated by the child’s own identity. Using multiple tasks that will be discussed in the methods, the hypotheses were tested on children ages 3.5-6.9 years. Results suggest that children use gender as a social cue for status, and boys show in-group bias whereas girls do not. In today’s social climate, it is important to understand children’s development of beliefs in the context of social hierarchies, such as gender, in order to understand the impact of these concepts on self-image, success, and equity. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5g81c2nm Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Ghai, Jasleen Fozi, Cameron Ma, Hannah https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xc6n2bj While there have been previous studies linking beta-amyloid accumulation in the positive range and cognitive decline, there has yet to be substantial research focusing on the significance of beta-amyloid accumulation in the negative range. The present study aims to replicate the findings of the original paper by Landau et al. 2018 which investigated potential associations between subthreshold levels of beta-amyloid accumulation and decreased executive or memory function. Utilizing data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), longitudinal beta-amyloid accumulation from florbetapir-18 PET scan measurements in cognitively normal individuals and mild cognitively impaired was compared with longitudinal executive and memory function measurements. These findings will provide implications as to whether beta-amyloid accumulation in healthy, cognitively normal individuals may be an earlier indicator of cognitive decline. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xc6n2bj Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Le, Austin Baghai, Mina Juang, Samantha Lam, Jessica Lee, Erin Zhou, Jiayu https://escholarship.org/uc/item/427638w7 In this paper, we detail a theoretical research proposal to investigate the emergence of genderrelated gay males’ and lesbians’ stereotypes using a model called COAT measures which was used in gender stereotypes studies (Liben et al, 2012). Our idea is based on people’s tendency to attribute sexual orientation stereotypes with the opposite gender (Blashill &amp; Powlishta, 2002). Extending on past literature on the early development of gender stereotypes on brilliance in children aged five to seven, we explored whether children in that age range start to perceive and associate gay males and lesbians with gender stereotypes of the opposite gender (Bian et al., 2019). Without carrying out the experiments, we have completed designing the framework of the study and corresponding analysis as well as addressing future ideas to enhance our understanding on the development of gay/lesbian stereotypes. Exploring the association between gender stereotypes, we hypothesize that gay/lesbian... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/427638w7 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Bagaria, Nishita Phan, Minh Rubio, Ricardo, Jr. Qiang, Yunfei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sg15990 Fairness plays a significant role in children’s decision making and also carries meaningful social implications. In this study, our objective is to examine whether sensitivity to fairness develops before infants explicitly show fairness preferences. To further understand this, we replicated Lucca and Pospisil’s (2018) research to test whether infants (13- and 17- month-old infants) prefer to engage with individuals that exhibit fair or unfair behavior. In their study, infants were presented with a novel experimental paradigm in conjunction with video stimuli. Their results suggest that after infants witnessed an individual distribute goods to third parties equally and unequally, infants, both 13 month olds and 17 month olds,&nbsp; actively chose to engage with individuals who distributed goods equally. Given their data, we completed statistical analyses and data manipulation techniques to identify any patterns about inclination towards fair or unfair actors. The Exact Binomial... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sg15990 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Anand, Gunjan Burmester, Kyla Guan, Priscilla Macfarlan, Genna Ramaswamy, Keerthana https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nx8m7d0 Recent studies have made clear that emotion plays a role in intensifying attention. Mrvka et al. 2019 set out to demonstrate that voluntary attention given to stimuli intensifies the emotion associated with it. In this paper, we report the results from a replication of the first experiment reported in Mrkva et al. (2019), in which participants’ attention was directed toward a target image. In the original experiment, participants were asked to rate the emotional intensity of the target objects. The perceived distinctiveness and the degree to which participants liked each image were also examined to find out whether either parameter mediates the relationship between emotion and attention. In our replication, participants perceived target images as more emotionally intense than control images, corroborating the results of the original experiment and aligning with our expectations. Distinctiveness was also found to have a statistically significant effect on attention, indicating... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nx8m7d0 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Najafi, Tara Caballero Alvarado, Vanessa Nguyen, Helen Patel, Aayush Xu, Yi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gv9b1px Lingering negative affect (negative emotions related to stressors that had occurred the day before) has been introduced in recent years as a potential negative mediator to one’s future physical health. The present study utilized longitudinal data from a community-based, nationwide study (n = 2023) to replicate a previous study on how negative affect that persists after a stressor has occurred is related to future health (Leger et al., Psychological science, 29(B), 1283-1290, 2018). Preliminary findings indicated that while certain values (e.g. means, standard deviation) were different from Leger’s due to inconsistencies in the number of participants (n = 1155) included in the original paper, participants who graduated from high school and above experienced more stressors, and tended to be younger. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gv9b1px Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Ophelia Shenthan, Vasheeigaran Gan, Rachel Lin, Kaleigh Murali, Ashwini https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d85q1sx Extant research has continually indicated that emotion moderates attention such that attention can be caught, maintained, and/or intensified towards a given emotional object (Mrkva, Westfall, &amp; Van Boven, 2019). However, sparse research has investigated the reverse— whether attention can intensify emotion. To examine the bidirectionality of the relationship between emotional intensity and voluntary attention, we conducted a replication of the Mrkva et al. study on visual attention and emotional intensity. We hypothesized that participants would perceive target images as more emotionally intense than control images, and that their post-search ratings of emotional intensity for each target image would be higher than their pre-search ratings. Each participant was instructed to search for a specific image in a randomized sequence with varying emotional valence in separate trials per participant (Mrkva et al., 2019). Our primary outcome measures were the participants’ self-reported... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d85q1sx Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Worley, Taylor Danial, Yostina Melkote, Sanjana Oh, Jimin Wang, Angelica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95m180f9 A Statistical Replication of the Relationship Between Dimension-Switch and Language Comprehension in Young Children https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95m180f9 Tue, 1 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Lam, Pandora Kowalevsky, Grace Lin, Lily Payton, Anna Wang, Jessica Baharloo, Roya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28k7p8jc The physiological response to stress and an individual’s subjective perception of stress are two systems vital to enabling adaptive responses to dangerous stimuli and maintaining individual well-being. When the body’s biological stress response and psychological interpretations of stress become misaligned, referred to as a low stress-heart rate coherence, detriments to health can occur (Sommerfeldt et al., 2019). Objective measures of physical stress, such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory biomarkers of stress, and heart rate were analyzed in association with self-reported stress, measures of well-being, anxiety, and depression in a pool of Midlife participants from the United States. The present study utilized this data to replicate analyses performed by the original paper, “Individual Differences in the Association Between Subjective Stress and Heart Rate Are Related to Psychological and Physical Well-Being”. Preliminary findings from this effort indicate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28k7p8jc Tue, 1 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Naeem, Zanib Sharma, Ananya Guo, Joyce Klein, Danielle Yang, Grace Tan, Billy https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rf5320b Characterized as one of the most commonly distressing symptoms of cancer treatment, cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is reported to be more severe and persistent than “normal” fatigue. CRF has been shown to manifest in higher intensities and longer durations among cancer patients, impair mood and functional abilities, and, most relevantly, correlate with impairments in cognitive functioning, leading to impairments in other areas such as recognition memory and explicit memory. Despite its prevalence, CRF continues to be underreported and untreated due to a lack of information about the biological mechanisms underlying this symptom and its correlated impairments in cognitive systems. In order to uncover these mechanisms, the study conducted by Wolff, et. al. (2020) observed pelvic irradiation’s produced fatigue, and how it affects performance during various cognitive tasks, such as spontaneous altercations and reversal learning, as well as changes in whole-brain levels of mature and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rf5320b Tue, 1 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Bruinsma, Sienna Yang, Allyson Lopez-Tenorio, Carlos Lai, Chloe Lai, Kylie Narayanan, Shria https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60j1h9v2 Previous research has documented that mood affects memory accuracy. The present study aimsto (1) replicate earlier work showing that mood (negative, positive, neutral) and valence affectsmemory consolidation, (2) examine whether retrieval processes are more likely to preserve falsememories when a mood is induced, (3) identify error prevalence associated with memoryconsolidation. A recognition-memory standard for photographs depicting script-like events wasused. Individuals in both negative and positive moods–similar in arousal levels–correctlyidentified more target events and are more confident in fewer false memories comparing toindividuals in a neutral mood. This shows that arousal (but not valence) helps predict memoryperformance. These findings suggest that arousal state affects memory while mood mediates trueand false memory. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60j1h9v2 Tue, 19 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Byrne, Ashley Ghai, Jasleen Ramasubban, Shreya Sifry, Melody Reickmann, Erin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k5084pj fMRI imaging measures brain activity by detecting changes in the brain that are associated with blood flow and can be used in order to determine the size and location of visual field maps. This study measured BOLD responses in humans to understand spatial summation by showing them spatial contrast pattern images through vertical and horizontal apertures.Nonlinear responses can be computed from the visual field responses, from which the spatial summation ratio is calculated. A ratio of less than one indicates a smaller response to exposure to a full aperture or contrast image than predicted by the linear model. Datasets were analyzed using MATLAB, producing eccentricity maps of the visual cortices from stimuli. BOLD response curves identify the intensity of the maps within a particular voxel. The eccentricity maps can then be overlain on anatomical representations of the brain, characterizing the various visual field cortices. Methods of fMRI data analysis are confirmed with the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k5084pj Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Bharghavan, Priyanka Raza, Aida Shane, Olivia Shrestha, Riya Kapoor, Kunal https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68s4038j The paper aims to investigate how foreign accents impact perception and credibility by looking at various experiments that the researchers have conducted. To observe the effects that foreign accents have on listeners, we outlined three critical areas: visual and auditory stimuli, subtitle comprehension, and perception. By having an in-group or native accent as our control group, we were able to evaluate how various accents, such as Dutch and German, have a subtle impact on the accuracy of the speakers rated and measured by the participants. Based on our analysis, foreign-accented speakers are perceived to be less credible. In addition, it was concluded that perception also plays a key role in the day-to-day life of non-native speakers. While more research would be beneficial, it is clear that foreign accents reduce the speakers’ credibility and should be considered in environments such as job interviews and other social settings. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68s4038j Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Sethi, Shyam Rho, Daniel Vasquez, Areli Worley, Taylor C. Park, Lindsay https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk794ct Negative gender stereotypes targeting women’s intellectual ability are a deterrent to women’spursuit of prestigious careers in fields whose members believe brilliance is required for success.Previous research has documented that children start to develop gender stereotypes aboutbrilliance at the age of six. This can have lifelong effects as people are drawn towards genderedactivities, careers, etc. Statistical replication with preexisting data from Bian et al. (2017)supports this claim. To further examine the validity and sufficiency of the measures in theoriginal study, we develop an extension by implementing two new statistical models. Lastly, wepropose future work to address the possible role of masculine appearances in the perception ofbrilliance. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk794ct Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Golestaneh, Kian Krishnan, Megha Lee, Pearl Nguyen, Ailinh Stewart, Robin Xie, Jocelyn Ham, Huang H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n1922gt The purpose of this study is to expand upon the findings published by Junhong Yu, Qian Tao,Ruibin Zhang, Chetwyn C.H. Chan, and Tatia M.C. Lee in their paper, “Can fMRI discriminatebetween deception and false memory? A meta-analytic comparison between deception and falsememory studies” by conducting a meta-analysis to compare brain activation between deceptionand general memory1 recollection (Yu et al., 2019). Meta-analyses compile fMRI results frommany individual studies with regard to a specific cognitive task into one, cumulative dataset. Themeta-analyses for this extension were compiled by Neurosynth using FMRIB Software Library(FSL) to measure the amount of brain activation corresponding to areas involved in bothdeception and memory in general (“Nipype: Neuroimaging in Python,” 2020). The purpose ofthis extension is to understand how general memory recollection might compare to deception.The prediction of this study is that by broadening the memory dataset to include data... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n1922gt Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Chang, Kelvin Hastings, William Kwok, Ellen Liu, Eileen Wang, James Houghton, Jessica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sb656vr Distractions and multitasking are generally detrimental to learning and memory.Nevertheless, people often study while listening to music, sitting in noisy coffee shops, orintermittently checking their e-mail. The experiment we replicated examined how distractionsand divided attention influence one’s ability to selectively remember valuable information.Participants studied lists of words that ranged in value from 1 to 10 points while completing adigit-detection task, while listening to music, or without distractions. Most of the figures weresuccessfully replicated using the given dataset and tools like Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets.Since we were able to arrive at the same conclusion as the original author, we believe thisexperiment is valid and reliable for application to further extension studies. Our extension studyexamined correlations between gender and recall ability and between age and recall ability. Weconcluded that there was no significant correlation between these... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sb656vr Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Shalf, Aaron Felty, Amanda Leung, Chelsea Su, Matthew Kapoor, Tarunika Nikolaeva, Tatiana Parikh, Miti https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33p662qr The replication seeks to provide some insight into whether nonlinguistic vocalizations,such as screams, are able to aid humans in identifying individuals based solely on theirscreaming patterns. Participants were asked to distinguish vocalizers after listening to tworecordings. Response accuracies and discriminability indices were calculated to check for screamreceptiveness. We also interpreted d’ scores in order to break down response errors and accuracyfor each participant. According to our findings, the majority of listeners were able to distinguishindividuals based on their screams.The replication also focused on results derived from vocalizer gender differences. Byanalyzing the varying mean response latencies created by male and female vocalizers, we wereable to interpret how well humans are at discriminating against each gender's screams. The goalof this project is to further our understanding of the evolutionary purpose behind screams and toprovide further insight into... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33p662qr Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Anand, Gunjan Bridge, Cheyenne Imasuen, Enoghayin Sumra, Saffanat Vaca, Fausto Zhao, Agnes https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h67b7nj The following study examines the relation between perceived duration and the intensityand fundamental frequency of sounds. Sounds with higher fundamental frequency (the lowestfrequency of a periodic waveform) and greater intensity are judged to have longer duration.However, it is not known if fundamental frequency, intensity, or both affect the perceivedduration, and to what extent. The purpose of this study is to find out the variance in contributionof both fundamental frequency and intensity to perceived duration through two forced choicetasks. Through replication, we found that fundamental frequency does in fact have a significantpositive effect on perceived duration while intensity did not. Future research may focus ontesting these results among different language groups, and applying these results to anunderstanding of communication and language. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h67b7nj Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Marvin Montoya, Chayra Ramesh, Ashish https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23t4z60w Much of research surrounding reading difficulties is based solely on behavioral analyses.A child’s early and correct diagnosis is imperative to insure that they receive adequate resourcesand support which can severely affect equal opportunities for success in the future. Afterstudying different methods of diagnosis for reading difficulties, we saw most of these tests couldnot assert significant differences between children with and without reading difficulties. Thiscontributes to diagnoses being heavily reliant on behavioral observations. Since statisticallysignificant distinction can’t be made with behavioral tests, researchers are pushed to exploredifferent approaches.In order to explore more concrete approaches to diagnoses, we then looked at fMRI datato determine if we could accurately attribute functional localizations in the brain to responses towords and pictures. Through this, researchers aimed to use specific neuroanatomical images todetermine how the brain activity of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23t4z60w Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Ong, Rachel Samano-Lerma, Tanya Empranthiri, Divya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rr9g7gx Several lines of evidence indicate that glucose can enhance cognitive performancewithout being ingested. Previous research has found that the effect of food anticipation can boostcognitive resources in a testing environment [1]. This study was designed to replicate thefindings utilizing the same population, examining the effect that food anticipation has oncognitive abilities among multiple weight groups. 182 students were included in this replicationstudy. In order to accurately measure the results, the study randomized the order that foodanticipation tasks and cognitive tests were performed. The results indicated that an anticipatoryfood reward effect enhanced the cognitive capabilities of individuals categorized by BMI asoverweight and obese. Furthermore, this effect shifted the attention of these individuals towardlite food options as opposed to regular. Finally, this anticipatory food effect reduced emotionalarousal regarding food for individuals in the obese BMI category.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rr9g7gx Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Halabieh, Haya Lee, Christina Mora-Salavar, Michelle Venckus, Jacqueline Quejada, Hannah Tiab, Sondra https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mf941gr <p>Psycholinguistics is the study of how neuroanatomical processes influence language acquisition, language structure, and language use (Menn &amp; Dronkers, 2017). According to the field of psycholinguistics, a concept is represented in the mind and is different from the word associated with those representations. Representational theory of mind seeks to explain concepts through symbols and models of cognitive processes (Williams, 1984). In order to be relevant from a psychological standpoint, representational theory of mind must utilize a computational model rather than focus on individual beliefs. Many different theories use a representational model to explore how individuals acquire and categorize concepts. The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical cognitive model—titled the Semantic-Phonological Association Network (SPAN)—of singular concept generation. While developing SPAN, an examination of the current literature and different theories of models relating to concept... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mf941gr Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Heutmaker, Lilli Budiman, Jacklyn Youkana, Vivian Kim, Yelin Ehrenstein-Smith, Stanely von https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0x02t1gs There is growing interest in the potential of exercise interventions in therapy for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This paper replicates and extends upon some of the analysis of a randomized controlled pilot study that investigates the effect of a 26-week aerobic exercise program on memory, executive function, functional ability, and depression in 68 participants who were likely to develop AD. The replication was focused specifically on the analysis performed on the Memory Composite outcome variable, reproducing an interaction model between two of the main variables, Treatment Arm (Stretching and Toning Exercise versus Aerobic Exercise) and Timepoint (Baseline, Week 13, Week 26). The replication yielded the same values as the original study with similarly insignificant p-values. Using RStudio, the present study tests three additional interaction models, the interaction between Sex and Treatment Arm, between Sex and Timepoint, and between Sex, Treatment Arm, and Timepoint.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0x02t1gs Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Fan, Flora Lee, Jungmin Monder, Simran Vedagarbha, Namrata Xue, May Binoy, Sharon Liu, Cynthia