http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/ulab_cogscipsych_repext2020/rss Recent eScholarship items from Replication/Extension Papers 2019 - 2020 Mon, 14 Sep 2026 03:28:50 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81r4m8k3 fMRI has the potential of being able to differentiate between false memory and deception, but to apply this ability to real life situations, such as court cases or in neurodegenerative studies involving the brain's ability to recognize memory, it is vital that fMRI can detect the differences between general memory1 and deception, as false memory is often mixed in with true memory during recollection. To determine whether fMRI can do this, the prior study, “Can fMRI discriminate between deception and false memory? A meta-analytic comparison between deception and false memory studies” (Yu et al., 2019) [18] was extended. Yu et al., 2019 found that true memory and false memory, independently, could be distinguished from deception. This extension aims to determine if brain activity resulting from deception can be distinguished from activity caused by general memory as opposed to false memory. Given the broader scope of general memory compared to false memory, the prediction is put... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81r4m8k3 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Ayat, Noor Candeloza, Louise Davis, Annabel Jaikumar, Adithi Patel, Parth Rocha, Salma Thakur, Aman https://escholarship.org/uc/item/427638w7 In this paper, we detail a theoretical research proposal to investigate the emergence of genderrelated gay males’ and lesbians’ stereotypes using a model called COAT measures which was used in gender stereotypes studies (Liben et al, 2012). Our idea is based on people’s tendency to attribute sexual orientation stereotypes with the opposite gender (Blashill &amp; Powlishta, 2002). Extending on past literature on the early development of gender stereotypes on brilliance in children aged five to seven, we explored whether children in that age range start to perceive and associate gay males and lesbians with gender stereotypes of the opposite gender (Bian et al., 2019). Without carrying out the experiments, we have completed designing the framework of the study and corresponding analysis as well as addressing future ideas to enhance our understanding on the development of gay/lesbian stereotypes. Exploring the association between gender stereotypes, we hypothesize that gay/lesbian... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/427638w7 Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Bagaria, Nishita Phan, Minh Rubio, Ricardo, Jr. Qiang, Yunfei https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60j1h9v2 Previous research has documented that mood affects memory accuracy. The present study aimsto (1) replicate earlier work showing that mood (negative, positive, neutral) and valence affectsmemory consolidation, (2) examine whether retrieval processes are more likely to preserve falsememories when a mood is induced, (3) identify error prevalence associated with memoryconsolidation. A recognition-memory standard for photographs depicting script-like events wasused. Individuals in both negative and positive moods–similar in arousal levels–correctlyidentified more target events and are more confident in fewer false memories comparing toindividuals in a neutral mood. This shows that arousal (but not valence) helps predict memoryperformance. These findings suggest that arousal state affects memory while mood mediates trueand false memory. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/60j1h9v2 Tue, 19 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Byrne, Ashley Ghai, Jasleen Ramasubban, Shreya Sifry, Melody Reickmann, Erin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k5084pj fMRI imaging measures brain activity by detecting changes in the brain that are associated with blood flow and can be used in order to determine the size and location of visual field maps. This study measured BOLD responses in humans to understand spatial summation by showing them spatial contrast pattern images through vertical and horizontal apertures.Nonlinear responses can be computed from the visual field responses, from which the spatial summation ratio is calculated. A ratio of less than one indicates a smaller response to exposure to a full aperture or contrast image than predicted by the linear model. Datasets were analyzed using MATLAB, producing eccentricity maps of the visual cortices from stimuli. BOLD response curves identify the intensity of the maps within a particular voxel. The eccentricity maps can then be overlain on anatomical representations of the brain, characterizing the various visual field cortices. Methods of fMRI data analysis are confirmed with the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6k5084pj Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Bharghavan, Priyanka Raza, Aida Shane, Olivia Shrestha, Riya Kapoor, Kunal https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68s4038j The paper aims to investigate how foreign accents impact perception and credibility by looking at various experiments that the researchers have conducted. To observe the effects that foreign accents have on listeners, we outlined three critical areas: visual and auditory stimuli, subtitle comprehension, and perception. By having an in-group or native accent as our control group, we were able to evaluate how various accents, such as Dutch and German, have a subtle impact on the accuracy of the speakers rated and measured by the participants. Based on our analysis, foreign-accented speakers are perceived to be less credible. In addition, it was concluded that perception also plays a key role in the day-to-day life of non-native speakers. While more research would be beneficial, it is clear that foreign accents reduce the speakers’ credibility and should be considered in environments such as job interviews and other social settings. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68s4038j Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Sethi, Shyam Rho, Daniel Vasquez, Areli Worley, Taylor C. Park, Lindsay https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk794ct Negative gender stereotypes targeting women’s intellectual ability are a deterrent to women’spursuit of prestigious careers in fields whose members believe brilliance is required for success.Previous research has documented that children start to develop gender stereotypes aboutbrilliance at the age of six. This can have lifelong effects as people are drawn towards genderedactivities, careers, etc. Statistical replication with preexisting data from Bian et al. (2017)supports this claim. To further examine the validity and sufficiency of the measures in theoriginal study, we develop an extension by implementing two new statistical models. Lastly, wepropose future work to address the possible role of masculine appearances in the perception ofbrilliance. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rk794ct Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Golestaneh, Kian Krishnan, Megha Lee, Pearl Nguyen, Ailinh Stewart, Robin Xie, Jocelyn Ham, Huang H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n1922gt The purpose of this study is to expand upon the findings published by Junhong Yu, Qian Tao,Ruibin Zhang, Chetwyn C.H. Chan, and Tatia M.C. Lee in their paper, “Can fMRI discriminatebetween deception and false memory? A meta-analytic comparison between deception and falsememory studies” by conducting a meta-analysis to compare brain activation between deceptionand general memory1 recollection (Yu et al., 2019). Meta-analyses compile fMRI results frommany individual studies with regard to a specific cognitive task into one, cumulative dataset. Themeta-analyses for this extension were compiled by Neurosynth using FMRIB Software Library(FSL) to measure the amount of brain activation corresponding to areas involved in bothdeception and memory in general (“Nipype: Neuroimaging in Python,” 2020). The purpose ofthis extension is to understand how general memory recollection might compare to deception.The prediction of this study is that by broadening the memory dataset to include data... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n1922gt Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Chang, Kelvin Hastings, William Kwok, Ellen Liu, Eileen Wang, James Houghton, Jessica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sb656vr Distractions and multitasking are generally detrimental to learning and memory.Nevertheless, people often study while listening to music, sitting in noisy coffee shops, orintermittently checking their e-mail. The experiment we replicated examined how distractionsand divided attention influence one’s ability to selectively remember valuable information.Participants studied lists of words that ranged in value from 1 to 10 points while completing adigit-detection task, while listening to music, or without distractions. Most of the figures weresuccessfully replicated using the given dataset and tools like Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets.Since we were able to arrive at the same conclusion as the original author, we believe thisexperiment is valid and reliable for application to further extension studies. Our extension studyexamined correlations between gender and recall ability and between age and recall ability. Weconcluded that there was no significant correlation between these... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sb656vr Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Shalf, Aaron Felty, Amanda Leung, Chelsea Su, Matthew Kapoor, Tarunika Nikolaeva, Tatiana Parikh, Miti https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33p662qr The replication seeks to provide some insight into whether nonlinguistic vocalizations,such as screams, are able to aid humans in identifying individuals based solely on theirscreaming patterns. Participants were asked to distinguish vocalizers after listening to tworecordings. Response accuracies and discriminability indices were calculated to check for screamreceptiveness. We also interpreted d’ scores in order to break down response errors and accuracyfor each participant. According to our findings, the majority of listeners were able to distinguishindividuals based on their screams.The replication also focused on results derived from vocalizer gender differences. Byanalyzing the varying mean response latencies created by male and female vocalizers, we wereable to interpret how well humans are at discriminating against each gender's screams. The goalof this project is to further our understanding of the evolutionary purpose behind screams and toprovide further insight into... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33p662qr Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Anand, Gunjan Bridge, Cheyenne Imasuen, Enoghayin Sumra, Saffanat Vaca, Fausto Zhao, Agnes https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h67b7nj The following study examines the relation between perceived duration and the intensityand fundamental frequency of sounds. Sounds with higher fundamental frequency (the lowestfrequency of a periodic waveform) and greater intensity are judged to have longer duration.However, it is not known if fundamental frequency, intensity, or both affect the perceivedduration, and to what extent. The purpose of this study is to find out the variance in contributionof both fundamental frequency and intensity to perceived duration through two forced choicetasks. Through replication, we found that fundamental frequency does in fact have a significantpositive effect on perceived duration while intensity did not. Future research may focus ontesting these results among different language groups, and applying these results to anunderstanding of communication and language. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h67b7nj Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Marvin Montoya, Chayra Ramesh, Ashish https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23t4z60w Much of research surrounding reading difficulties is based solely on behavioral analyses.A child’s early and correct diagnosis is imperative to insure that they receive adequate resourcesand support which can severely affect equal opportunities for success in the future. Afterstudying different methods of diagnosis for reading difficulties, we saw most of these tests couldnot assert significant differences between children with and without reading difficulties. Thiscontributes to diagnoses being heavily reliant on behavioral observations. Since statisticallysignificant distinction can’t be made with behavioral tests, researchers are pushed to exploredifferent approaches.In order to explore more concrete approaches to diagnoses, we then looked at fMRI datato determine if we could accurately attribute functional localizations in the brain to responses towords and pictures. Through this, researchers aimed to use specific neuroanatomical images todetermine how the brain activity of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23t4z60w Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Ong, Rachel Samano-Lerma, Tanya Empranthiri, Divya https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rr9g7gx Several lines of evidence indicate that glucose can enhance cognitive performancewithout being ingested. Previous research has found that the effect of food anticipation can boostcognitive resources in a testing environment [1]. This study was designed to replicate thefindings utilizing the same population, examining the effect that food anticipation has oncognitive abilities among multiple weight groups. 182 students were included in this replicationstudy. In order to accurately measure the results, the study randomized the order that foodanticipation tasks and cognitive tests were performed. The results indicated that an anticipatoryfood reward effect enhanced the cognitive capabilities of individuals categorized by BMI asoverweight and obese. Furthermore, this effect shifted the attention of these individuals towardlite food options as opposed to regular. Finally, this anticipatory food effect reduced emotionalarousal regarding food for individuals in the obese BMI category.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rr9g7gx Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Halabieh, Haya Lee, Christina Mora-Salavar, Michelle Venckus, Jacqueline Quejada, Hannah Tiab, Sondra https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mf941gr <p>Psycholinguistics is the study of how neuroanatomical processes influence language acquisition, language structure, and language use (Menn &amp; Dronkers, 2017). According to the field of psycholinguistics, a concept is represented in the mind and is different from the word associated with those representations. Representational theory of mind seeks to explain concepts through symbols and models of cognitive processes (Williams, 1984). In order to be relevant from a psychological standpoint, representational theory of mind must utilize a computational model rather than focus on individual beliefs. Many different theories use a representational model to explore how individuals acquire and categorize concepts. The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical cognitive model—titled the Semantic-Phonological Association Network (SPAN)—of singular concept generation. While developing SPAN, an examination of the current literature and different theories of models relating to concept... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mf941gr Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Heutmaker, Lilli Budiman, Jacklyn Youkana, Vivian Kim, Yelin Ehrenstein-Smith, Stanely von https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0x02t1gs There is growing interest in the potential of exercise interventions in therapy for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This paper replicates and extends upon some of the analysis of a randomized controlled pilot study that investigates the effect of a 26-week aerobic exercise program on memory, executive function, functional ability, and depression in 68 participants who were likely to develop AD. The replication was focused specifically on the analysis performed on the Memory Composite outcome variable, reproducing an interaction model between two of the main variables, Treatment Arm (Stretching and Toning Exercise versus Aerobic Exercise) and Timepoint (Baseline, Week 13, Week 26). The replication yielded the same values as the original study with similarly insignificant p-values. Using RStudio, the present study tests three additional interaction models, the interaction between Sex and Treatment Arm, between Sex and Timepoint, and between Sex, Treatment Arm, and Timepoint.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0x02t1gs Tue, 2 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Fan, Flora Lee, Jungmin Monder, Simran Vedagarbha, Namrata Xue, May Binoy, Sharon Liu, Cynthia