Recent ulab_phhs_2024 items

Exploring the Impact of Online Social Platforms on Social Connectedness Among UC Berkeley Undergraduates

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

With social media's prevalence in recent decades, the relationship between social media and the well-being of its users has always been under debate—with some believing that social media tends to have a negative impact and others believing that social media has a positive impact. This systematic review aims to determine how social media contributes to feelings of social isolation or connectedness among college students at the University of California, Berkeley.

We conducted a university-wide survey to determine how college students feel about using social media. Using cluster analysis and the data analysis program R, we determined that most college students feel socially connected while using social media. While some past research articles support this theory, most do not discuss the ways in which college students generally tend to feel socially connected on social media platforms. Our paper explores specific factors contributing to college students’ social connectedness...

The Effects of Natural Medicine as Possible Treatment for Glioblastoma

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The goal of this literature review is to analyze different herbal medicine treatment options for Glioblastoma, a highly malignant cancer that starts as a growth of cells in the brain or spinal cord. The four different herbal medicine treatments that are studied in the paper are Curcumin, Flavonoids, Quercetin, and Terpenoids. Curcumin is used as a key inhibitor in various pathways in the cell proliferation and apoptosis of GBM cells. Flavonoids regulate tumor cell glucose metabolism by preventing cancer cells from uptaking glucose and cannot harness energy in the form of ATP. Quercetin is targeted at glioma cancer growth without negatively impacting normal CNS cells. Terpenoids are used to inhibit the transfer of P-glycoprotein, which can inhibit glioblastoma formation. All four herbal treatments have been shown to slow the progression of Glioblastoma by inhibiting the proliferation of Glioblastoma cells. This can be seen through the decrease in the tumor size of Glioblastoma patients.

Climate Change & Fetal, Infant, Child, and Youth Mortality

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change poses a significant challenge to global human health, particularly impacting vulnerable populations such as infants, children, and youths. Despite growing awareness of its environmental effects, the relationship between climate change and human health remains underexplored. This study aims to address this gap by conducting an observational analysis of the association between climate change, characterized by the total greenhouse gas emissions from the Worldbank database, and stillbirths, neonatal, under-5 and child and youth (ages 5 – 24) mortality rates from the UNICEF database. By stratifying the analysis based on UNICEF regions, this study seeks to explore the spatial and temporal patterns to provide insights for policymakers, non- governmental organization, and the public to target interventions effectively. The results reveal complex relationships with varying mortality rates across UNICEF regions despite the differing levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Across...

Consequences of Social Policy on Creating a Homeless Population in the Oakland Area and Resulting Health Disparities for Older Adults

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

California has the largest homeless population in the nation, with a significant gap between the demand and supply of affordable housing. This disparity not only undermines the quality of life and educational opportunities for residents but also poses grave health risks. This study investigates the nexus between social policies and homelessness in California. By analyzing systemic factors such as exorbitant housing costs and inadequate social safety nets, we uncover the root causes of housing instability. Our examination extends to exploring the multifaceted health disparities experienced by homeless individuals, particularly older adults, and elucidating the complex interplay of mental health struggles within this demographic. Findings reveal that prevailing social policies significantly contribute to homelessness, exacerbating health inequities among vulnerable populations. Our analysis stresses the urgent need for evidence-based policy reforms and holistic, community-based...

How Do Specific Cannabinoids Exhibit Anti-Cancer Properties, and What Strategies Can Be Employed to Optimize Their Efficacy for Targeted Cancer Therapies?

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cannabis, derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, has historically been utilized for its medicinal properties, notably for pain management and symptom relief in various health conditions. Recent research has expanded its potential therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer treatment and chronic pain management. This paper explores the role of two primary cannabinoids, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), in addressing cancer-related symptoms and chronic pain. THC and CBD have demonstrated significant anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, which are mediated through interactions with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). THC primarily targets CB1 receptors to modulate pain and neuroinflammation, while CBD exerts effects through a more complex mechanism involving various receptors, including CB2, TRPV1, and 5-HT1A. The paper reviews clinical and preclinical studies to elucidate the efficacy of these cannabinoids in alleviating symptoms such as pain, anxiety,...

Exploring DDT’s Interlinked Impacts on Maternal and Child Health: Hormonal Dynamics and the Intersection with Obesity and Breast Cancer

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Our study focuses on the impact of the pesticide DDT on maternal and child health, specifically in relation to obesity and breast cancer. The objective is to investigate the interdependence of obesity and breast cancer resulting from DDT exposure on a hormonal level, particularly estrogen, and to understand the association between DDT exposure and maternal and child health. The methodology employs a meta-analysis approach, analyzing independent studies on DDT's impacts on obesity and breast cancer, and examining the correlation between maternal DDT exposure and obesity, as well as the impact of obesity on breast cancer gene mutations. The study population primarily consists of mothers and their newborn children from the United States, with a focus on the persistence of DDT in regions such as South America, Africa, and Asia. Additionally, rodent studies were analyzed to see the impacts of DDT on generational development and reproduction. The data analysis is drawn from primary...

Understanding the Impact of of COVID-19 on Minority Groups: Exploring Factors Contributing to Disparities

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper explores the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on minority groups, focusing on two key aspects: vaccination rates and public trust in the government. Through a comprehensive literature review, the vaccination rates within various minority groups are examined, revealing disparities particularly prevalent among African Americans and refugees. Factors contributing to these disparities, including districts in the government, are identified and analyzed. Additionally, the paper investigates the influence of public health policies on political trust both domestically and internationally. By studying different policies implemented during the pandemic, the research aims to assess their effectiveness in fostering public trust and enhancing the overall welfare of the population. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between COVID-19, minority communities, vaccination rates, public trust, and governmental policies, offering valuable...

Effects of Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium longum on Neurological Disorders

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Probiotics are known for providing health benefits, calling for clinical result testing on subjects. We focus on the biological effects of the following probiotics to find their potential to help neurological disorders: Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium longum. We delve into how probiotics work with the gut-brain axis—the communication center between the central and the enteric nervous system—and its effect on different neurological disorders through an extensive literature review. We found that Lactobacillus brevis helps the immune system with the potential to help with stress and anxiety disorders. Bifidobacterium longum has been shown to help age-associated disorders like Alzheimer’s and reduce severe stress levels. Enterococcus has been shown to help neuroinflammation-based diseases like Parkinson’s. Enterococcus is also shown to be more present in people with depression than without. These results bring attention to specific probiotic potential in helping...

Evaluating the Relationship Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Climate Through the Evaluation of Different Countries and Regions: A Literature Review

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the connection between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and climate change across diverse global regions. The study focuses on Mexico, Southeast Asia, and Canada. By analyzing how regional climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, and seasonal weather patterns influence AMR dynamics, the research can address the critical question of how to tackle AMR. Based on the global escalation of AMR and its profound implications for public health, our study is vital in highlighting the necessity for integrated climate change mitigation strategies within AMR management. The findings emphasize the urgency of surveillance, targeted research, and enforcing strict antimicrobial stewardship to counteract the rising threat of AMR, thereby informing more effective global health responses and policy-making in an era of significant environmental change.

Enhancing Lower Limb Prosthetic Performance: A Detailed Analysis of the BirdBot Model and Its Instrumentation

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

There exists a notably high level of dissatisfaction among lower-limb amputee patients fitted with their affiliated prosthetics. Approximately 40%-60% of amputee patients have been surveyed as dissatisfied with their prostheses. Fifty-seven percent are dissatisfied with the comfort of their prostheses, and over 50% report pain while using their prostheses. Rejection of the prosthesis can be seen as the ultimate expression of dissatisfaction with the prosthesis and occurs in up to 31% of cases of prostheses prescribed to armed forces service members with lower limb amputations, mainly as a result of technical problems (e.g., “too much fuss” during use and the prosthesis being “too heavy”). As a solution to this significant surveyed dissatisfaction, our study attempts to utilize a unique model known as the ‘BirdBot Model’–a lower limb prosthetic model inspired by the biomechanics of emu and ostrich (flightless birds) leg limbs– to explore how the model’s design, movement capabilities,...

How Socio-Ecological Factors Contribute to Climate Anxiety in Young People

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Several studies indicate the lack of a comprehensive understanding of climate change among the youth populations. However, perspectives regarding the socio-ecological factors influencing climate anxiety in young people have yet to be accomplished. We were able to report this in terms of a survey that collected data regarding participants’ levels of climate anxiety, demographic information, and perceptions of various socio-ecological factors. Although the sample size was limited, with this method, we gathered insight and opinions regarding effective strategies to address and alleviate anxiety surrounding the global climate change issue, specifically regarding the students in the University of California, Berkeley from varying demographic backgrounds. Such exposure to a range of perspectives contributed to varying levels of concern and engagement with climate change issues. The importance of individual and collective action to address climate change and its psychological impacts...

Exercise and Breast Cancer: Exploring Dopamine, Insulin and Estrogen Pathways

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Breast Cancer remains a significant health issue, with roughly around 42,000 maternal deaths occurring each year. The relationship between exercise and breast cancer has been widely studied with substantial evidence suggesting that higher exercise can lower breast cancer proliferation. The meta analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between exercise activating the hormones and receptors of dopamine, insulin, and estrogen and breast cancer across different populations. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases and included studies that reported the association between exercise and the hormones and their impact on breast cancer. Through this analysis, we were able to generate novel mechanisms for the hormones and were able to link exercise and breast cancer. Our findings suggest that an increase in exercise increased the levels of dopamine while lowering insulin and estrogen levels. These effects have a strong relationship with lowering breast cancer proliferation....

Exploring the Link Between Sleep, Beta-Amyloid Accumulation, and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Prevention and Treatment

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Dysregulated sleep is often a typical companion of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, but the exact relationship between the two remains complex. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) is a protein related to the onset of dementia, with high levels of Aβ plaque buildup being positively correlated with Alzheimer’s disease, but it is unclear by which mechanism Aβ causes dementia. Recent studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's pathology, wherein disrupted sleep may prevent the clearing of Aβ plaque from the extracellular space, thus exacerbating Aβ accumulation and vice versa, creating a cycle that accelerates cognitive decline. Continuously activated microglia may play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the main sources of brain inflammation, and thus, research indicates that excessively activated microglia can generate elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are neuroimmune...

Cancer Therapy Utilizing the RAS Protein Family

Sun, 27 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The RAS protein family functions as binary switch proteins toggling between active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) states, regulating pivotal cellular pathways like PI3K, MAPK, and Ral-GEF. Dysregulation of Ras signaling, often via mutations, leads to constitutive activation of downstream pathways, driving uncontrolled cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. Targeting aberrant Ras signaling pathways with small molecular inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. This review examines three main approaches: Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), upstream regulation of KRAS, and kinase inhibitors targeting RAS effector pathways. FTIs: inhibiting Ras activation, exhibit cytostatic effects on cancer cells, with clinical trials demonstrating promising activity in various cancer types. Sotorasib: a KRAS p.G12C inhibitor, shows efficacy in KRAS p.G12C-mutated cancers, including pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers, highlighting its potential...