Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devasting disease with no effective cure. We have shown that placental mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) applied in utero improve ambulatory function in an ovine model of spina bifida and have begun the first-inhuman clinical trial for fetal spina bifida. PMSCs and extracellular vesicles (EVs)have neuroprotective properties and we hypothesized that PMSCs and PMSC-EVs would provide a similar neuroprotective effect in SCI.