En este trabajo analizo más de 60 años de anuas jesuitas relativas a la Misión de Santa María de las Parras durante el siglo XVII en el reino de la Nueva Vizcaya. Explico que en dichas anuas o reportes anuales que los jesuitas escribían para informar a Roma sobre el proceso de cristianización en sus misiones, la frontera del norte novohispano se articula como un espacio bárbaro de incivilidad, ingobernabilidad e infertilidad en contraste con el espacio ideal de la misión. Asimismo, argumento que el vínculo retórico entre cuerpo y territorio revela, por una parte, las estrategias de adaptación, aceptación y resistencia de las tribus que habitaron esta región y, por otra parte, pone de manifiesto la manera en que discursivamente se intentaba domesticar la frontera novohispana.

California’s transportation and power generation sectors emit more than 50 percent of the state’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The state GHG emission mitigation goals include reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Additionally, to improve air quality throughout the state, aggressive criteria pollutant emission standards have been established for both sectors. Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable fuels is one strategy to meet these environmental goals. Landfills and wastewater treatment plants are a source for the production of alternative fuels like renewable natural gas (RNG) and hydrogen (H2) which could then be used in either sector. To evaluate this strategy, the impact on GHG and criteria pollutant emissions, and on air quality resulting from the production and use of RNG in zero or near-zero emission medium-duty vehicles (MDV) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) are analyzed. The research reveals that (1) RNG produced from biogas is the most cost effective strategy to utilize the limited resource of biogas available in California even though H2 is the most attractive fuel, (2) the transportation sector is the more effective sector for the use of RNG fuel, (3) MDV and HDV outfitted with commercially available near-zero emission CNG engines with RNG results in substantial reductions in both GHG and criteria pollutant emissions, and significantly improves air quality than the use of H2 in LDV, and (4) the reductions in GHG and criteria pollutant emissions and improvements in air quality exceed those achieved with the MDV and HDV populations envisioned by the State Implementation Plan (SIP).

This qualitative study explored the career motivational factors of undergraduate, pre-service male elementary teachers attending a regional comprehensive university in Los Angeles. I conducted a basic interpretive qualitative investigation into the experiences, worldviews, relationships, and personal motivators that resulted in enrollment into an undergraduate elementary education program, under a conceptual framework comprised of the FIT-Choice (Factors Influencing Teaching Choice) theory, funds of knowledge (FoK), and funds of identity (FoI) collectively. I interviewed 14 participants, all currently enrolled male students in an undergraduate Integrated Teacher Education Preparation (ITEP) program, to understand the motivations of individuals deciding to pursue a career in elementary teaching, as well as their impressions and opinions of this preparation program that they are currently enrolled in. Participants indicated the reasons behind their interest in teaching as a career, general perceptions of gender in the classroom, as well as reflections and opinions of their preparation program and teacher recruitment. Investigating the forces that propel the very few males that have enrolled in an undergraduate elementary education program can help inform post-secondary preparation program recruitment strategies that can adversely affect the gender imbalance in teaching and curve the shortage as a whole. Implications and recommendations based on findings share directions for future research on undergraduate preservice preparation and supports, as well as education, cross-system partnerships in the interest of developing teacher career pathways grounded in cultural and community relevancy.

Alameda Creek is one of the few remaining streams in the San Francisco Bay Estuary that has the potential to regain a viable steelhead trout population (Oncorhynchus mykiss). While great effort is underway to remove large barriers throughout the watershed, lesser known are the impacts of smaller structures in the lower reaches. The objective of my study was to determine if a decommissioned rubber dam, a check dam, and a temporary sewage pipe crossing impeded movement and/or created conditions that were unfavorable for outmigrating steelhead smolt during low flow periods. For the study I gathered data on temperature, depth, and channel form. The results showed that the rubber dam created inhospitable conditions of < 0.1 ft depth and water temperature of 20C in April across a 54 ft flat cement surface. Although the check dam and the sewage pipe crossing were less restrictive for smolt passage, all of the structures created environments that increased the risk of smolt predation. These inhospitable conditions were likely exacerbated by low flows. Gauge data from the past 33 years showed that low flows are common throughout the smolt migration period of April in the lower reach of Alameda Creek; therefore indicating the conditions observed in this study were not uncommon. Overall, the results suggest that modification or complete removal of these structures is the most viable solution to improve smolt migration success during low flow periods.