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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (11 results)

  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 26 (2004)
    Cover page: Context-Driven Construction Learning
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 28 (2006)
      Cover page: Contextual Bootstrapping for Grammar Learning
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 26 (2004)
        Cover page: Simulated Action in an Embodied Construction Grammar
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 23 (2001)
          Cover page: Learning Grammatical Constructions
          • Thesis
          • Peer Reviewed
          UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2017)

          Aim: To understand the barriers Latino Adolescents have to self-manage their diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing problem among Latino adolescents. An even bigger problem is the lack of adherence to self-management of the disease within this population, but little is known about what adolescents perceive as barriers to diabetes self-management.

          Methods: This study utilized grounded theory in a qualitative design to explore and understand the barriers to effective diabetes self-management care from the perspective of Latino adolescents with T2DM. Focus groups were conducted with 12 participants to identify the important topics for the individual interviews. Other 15 adolescents participated in the in depth individual interviews. All focus groups and individual interviews were video-taped and coding was done directly from the videos. All participants were recruited from Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.

          Results: Participants were 44.4% female, mean age was 16.3 years (SD 2.1), and 92.6% had a BMI >85% for age. They had T2DM for a mean of 3.86 years (SD 2.1), and they had poor metabolic control with a mean HbA1c of 9.1% (SD2.2%). Qualitative data revealed that the intrapersonal barriers and facilitators were the most important factors that influenced the participants in making decisions about their diabetes self-management. The core category was identified as “Acceptance of diabetes”. This study revealed that when Latino adolescents accepted that they have diabetes, and that it is not going away, they were able to embrace it and were able to overcome all the negative influences and perform diabetes self-management tasks. In order to achieve acceptance participants need to have a combination of a positive outlook in life, high self-esteem, be independent and resilient, and need to have some social support.

          Conclusions: This study has generated new knowledge that may have very important implications in the treatment of Latino adolescents with T2DM. Medical providers working with this population need to understand their barriers to treatment and need to implement changes in practice to help these youths acquire the necessary skills and qualities to achieve Acceptance of their diabetes.

            Cover page: Understanding Barriers to Self-Management Among Latino Adolescents with Type 2 DM
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 20 (1998)
            This paper describes results of a dynamic model of aspectual composition that demonstrates how features necessary for planning and controlling actions can also motivate and ground simple analyses of a number of aspectual phenomena. A novel feature of the model is an active computational representation for verb semantics called x-schemas, an extension of the Petri net formalism that can encode goals, resources and other features affecting aspect. Vexing problems of aspectual composition lend themselves to simple analyses in terms of the context-sensitive interaction between verb-specific x-schemas and a controller x-schema that captures important regularities in the evolution of events. The resulting x-schemas can be elaborated and constrained by such factors as tense, temporal modifiers, nominals and pragmatic context, providing a rich representation that supports simulative inference in language understanding.
              Cover page: A Dynamic Model of Aspectual Composition
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 20 (1998)
              This paper describes an implemented computational model of lexical development for the case of action verbs. A simulated agent is trained by an informant labeling the agent's actions (here hand motions), and the system learns to both label and carry out similar actions. The verb learning model is placed in the broader context of the NTL project on embodied natural language and its acquisition. Based on experimental results and projections to the full range of early lexemes, a significantly enriched model is proposed and its properties discussed.
                Cover page: Extending Embodied Lexical Development
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2020)
                Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy that induces an immune response targeted against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) to treat asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the phase III IMPACT study, sipuleucel-T was associated with a statistically significantly increased overall survival (OS) (median = 4.1 months) vs placebo. Patients with baseline prostate-specific antigen levels in the lowest quartile (≤22.1 ng/mL) exhibited a 13-month improvement in OS with sipuleucel-T. Together, this led sipuleucel-T to be approved and recommended as first-line therapy in various guidelines for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review discusses the varied findings about the mechanisms of action of sipuleucel-T, bringing them together to form a more coherent picture. These pieces include inducing a statistically significant increase in antigen-presenting cell activation; inducing a peripheral immune response specific to the target (PAP) and/or immunizing (PA2024) antigens; stimulating systemic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity; and mediating antigen spread (ie, increased antibody responses to secondary proteins in addition to PAP and PA2024). Each of these pieces individually correlates with OS. Sipuleucel-T also traffics T cells to the prostate and is associated with long-term immune memory such that a second course of treatment induces an anamnestic immune response. Prostate cancer does not have a strongly inflamed microenvironment, thus its response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. Because sipuleucel-T is able to traffic T cells to the tumor, it may be an ideal combination partner with immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors or with radiation therapy.
                  Cover page: Putting the Pieces Together: Completing the Mechanism of Action Jigsaw for Sipuleucel-T
                  • Article
                  • Peer Reviewed
                  UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2019)

                  Background

                  The large registry, PROVENGE Registry for the Observation, Collection, and Evaluation of Experience Data (PROCEED)(NCT01306890), evaluated sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

                  Methods

                  PROCEED enrolled patients with mCRPC receiving 3 biweekly sipuleucel-T infusions. Assessments included overall survival (OS), serious adverse events (SAEs), cerebrovascular events (CVEs), and anticancer interventions (ACIs). Follow-up was for ≥3 years or until death or study withdrawal.

                  Results

                  In 2011-2017, 1976 patients were followed for 46.6 months (median). The median age was 72 years, and the baseline median prostate-specific antigen level was 15.0 ng/mL; 86.7% were white, and 11.6% were African American. Among the patients, 1902 had 1 or more sipuleucel-T infusions. The median OS was 30.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.6-32.2 months). Known prognostic factors were independently associated with OS in a multivariable analysis. Among the 1255 patients who died, 964 (76.8%) died of prostate cancer (PC) progression. The median time from the first infusion to PC death was 42.7 months (95% CI, 39.4-46.2 months). The incidence of sipuleucel-T-related SAEs was 3.9%. The incidence of CVEs was 2.8%, and the rate per 100 person-years was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9-1.6). The CVE incidence among 11,972 patients with mCRPC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database was 2.8%; the rate per 100 person-years was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4-1.7). One or more ACIs (abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, or radium 223) were received by 77.1% of the patients after sipuleucel-T; 32.5% and 17.4% of the patients experienced 1- and 2-year treatment-free intervals, respectively.

                  Conclusions

                  PROCEED provides contemporary survival data for sipuleucel-T-treated men in a real-world setting of new life-prolonging agents, which will be useful in discussing treatment options with patients and in powering future trials with sipuleucel-T. The safety and tolerability of sipuleucel-T in PROCEED were consistent with previous findings.
                    Cover page: Real‐world outcomes of sipuleucel‐T treatment in PROCEED, a prospective registry of men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
                    • Article
                    • Peer Reviewed
                    UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2018)

                    Objective

                    The objective of the study was to report on the measurement properties of the revised and updated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.2 Diabetes Module for children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes.

                    Research design and methods

                    The 33-item PedsQL 3.2 Diabetes Module and PedsQL Generic Core Scales were completed in a 10-site national field test study by 656 families of patients ages 2-25 years with type 1 diabetes.

                    Results

                    The 15-item Diabetes Symptoms Summary Score and 18-item Diabetes Management Summary Score were derived from the factor analysis of the items. The Diabetes Symptoms and Diabetes Management Summary Scores evidenced excellent reliability (patient self-report α = 0.88-0.90; parent proxy report α = 0.89-0.90). The Diabetes Symptoms and Diabetes Management Summary Scores demonstrated construct validity through medium to large effect size correlations with the Generic Core Scales Total Scale Score (r = 0.43-0.67, P < 0.001). HbA1c was significantly correlated with the Diabetes Symptoms and Diabetes Management Summary Scores (r = -0.21 to -0.29, P < 0.001). Minimal clinically important difference scores ranged from 5.05 to 5.55.

                    Conclusions

                    The PedsQL 3.2 Diabetes Module Diabetes Symptoms and Diabetes Management Summary Scores demonstrated excellent measurement properties and may be useful as standardized patient-reported outcomes of diabetes symptoms and diabetes management in clinical research, clinical trials, and practice in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes.
                      Cover page: PedsQL 3.2 Diabetes Module for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Reliability and Validity in Type 1 Diabetes
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