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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (32 results)

  • Thesis
  • Peer Reviewed
UC San Francisco Electronic Theses and Dissertations (1989)

    Cover page: The role of cadherin cell adhesion molecule in the early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    UC Davis Previously Published Works (2014)
    Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem that hampers the success of cancer pharmacotherapy. A common mechanism is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters in cancer cells such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that limit the exposure to anticancer drugs. One way to overcome MDR is to develop ABC efflux transporter inhibitors to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The complete clinical trials thus far have showen that those tested chemosensitizers only add limited or no benefits to cancer patients. Some MDR modulators are merely toxic, and others induce unwanted drug-drug interactions. Actually, many ABC transporters are also expressed abundantly in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, brain and other normal tissues, and they largely determine drug absorption, distribution and excretion, and affect the overall pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in humans. In addition, ABC transporters such as P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP co-expressed in tumors show a broad and overlapped specificity for substrates and MDR modulators. Thus reliable preclinical assays and models are required for the assessment of transporter-mediated flux and potential effects on pharmacokinetics in drug development. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ABC efflux transporters in MDR and pharmacokinetics. Preclinical assays for the assessment of drug transport and development of MDR modulators are also discussed.
      Cover page: ABC transporters in multidrug resistance and pharmacokinetics, and strategies for drug development.
      • Thesis
      • Peer Reviewed
      UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2019)

      Using high-level synthesis (HLS) tools for field-programmable gate array (FPGA) design is becoming an increasingly popular choice because HLS tools can generate a high-quality design in a short development time. However, current HLS tools still cannot adequately support users in understanding and fixing the performance issues of the current design. That is, current HLS tools lack in performance debugging capability. Previous work on performance debugging automates the process of inserting hardware monitors in low-level register-transfer level (RTL) languages which limits the comprehensibility of the obtained result. Instead, our HLS-based flows offer analysis on a function or loop level and provide more intuitive feedback that can be used to pinpoint the performance bottleneck of a design. In this dissertation, we present a collection of HLS-based debugging frameworks for various purposes and characteristics of the design. First, we address the problem in the HLS synthesis step, where an inaccurate cycle estimation is provided if the program has input-dependent behavior. We propose a new performance estimator that automatically instruments code that models the hardware execution behavior and interprets the information from the HLS software simulation. However, the performance estimation result of this flow may not be accurate for a type of designs that cannot be simulated correctly by existing HLS software simulators. To handle such cases, we propose a new software simulator that provides cycle-accurate result based on the HLS scheduling information. If the input dataset is not available for software simulation or high-level models do not exist for all components of the FPGA design, we also present an on-board monitoring flow for automated cycle extraction and stall analysis. Finally, we address the needs of HLS programmers to automatically find the best set of directives for FPGA designs. We propose a design space exploration (DSE) framework to optimize applications with variable loop bounds in Polybench benchmark. A quantitative comparison among the proposed frameworks is shown using the sparse matrix-vector multiplication benchmark.

        Cover page: Performance Debugging Frameworks for FPGA High-Level Synthesis
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        UC Davis Previously Published Works (2014)
        Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem that hampers the success of cancer pharmacotherapy. A common mechanism is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters in cancer cells such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that limit the exposure to anticancer drugs. One way to overcome MDR is to develop ABC efflux transporter inhibitors to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The complete clinical trials thus far have showen that those tested chemosensitizers only add limited or no benefits to cancer patients. Some MDR modulators are merely toxic, and others induce unwanted drug-drug interactions. Actually, many ABC transporters are also expressed abundantly in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, brain and other normal tissues, and they largely determine drug absorption, distribution and excretion, and affect the overall pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in humans. In addition, ABC transporters such as P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP co-expressed in tumors show a broad and overlapped specificity for substrates and MDR modulators. Thus reliable preclinical assays and models are required for the assessment of transporter-mediated flux and potential effects on pharmacokinetics in drug development. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ABC efflux transporters in MDR and pharmacokinetics. Preclinical assays for the assessment of drug transport and development of MDR modulators are also discussed.
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          Other (2006)
          For two measured laminations $\nu^+$ and $\nu^-$ that fill up a hyperbolizable surface $S$ and for $t \in (-\infty, \infty)$, let $L_t$ be the unique hyperbolic surface that minimizes the length function $e^t l(\nu^+) + e^{-t} l(\nu^-)$ on Teichmuller space. We characterize the curves that are short in $L_t$ and estimate their lengths. We find that the short curves coincide with the curves that are short in the surface $G_t$ on the Teichmuller geodesic whose horizontal and vertical foliations are respectively, $e^t \nu^+$ and $e^{-t} \nu^-$. By deriving additional information about the twists of $\nu^+$ and $\nu^-$ around the short curves, we estimate the Teichmuller distance between $L_t$ and $G_t$. We deduce that this distance can be arbitrarily large, but that if $S$ is a once-punctured torus or four-times-punctured sphere, the distance is bounded independently of $t$.
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2022)
            We investigate the electromigration forces for weakly bonded adsorbates on graphene by using density-functional based calculations. We find that the nature of electromigration forces on an adsorbate critically depends on the energy level alignment between the adsorbate state and the Fermi level of the graphene. For a resonant adsorbate, whose frontier orbitals lie close to the Fermi level, the electromigration force is dominated by the electron wind force that is strongly enhanced along the electron flow direction, irrespective of the sign of the adsorbate charge. For a nonresonant adsorbate, the electromigration force is essentially the direct force that depends on the adsorbate charge. We also show that the magnitude of electromigration forces can be continuously tunable through electrostatic gating for resonant adsorbates. Our results provide new insight for understanding and controlling how nanoscale objects behave in or on host materials.
              Cover page: Resonantly Enhanced Electromigration Forces for Adsorbates on Graphene
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2008)
              The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997 includes provisions to deny reunification services under specified conditions and gives states latitude to develop any number of additional "aggravated circumstances" in which parents need not be offered services. California legislators have developed a relatively large number of conditions enabling agencies to bypass reunification services. Based upon a case record review involving 1,055 parents, this study attempts to identify the proportion of parents eligible for a reunification bypass, the proportion recommended to the courts, and the proportion of parents who were denied reunification services, and examines the characteristics of parents associated with reunification bypass recommendations. Based upon focus groups and interviews with child welfare and judicial personnel in six counties, the study also examines the implementation of reunification bypass provisions. Implications for public policy and practice are provided.
                Cover page: Reasonable efforts? Implementation of the reunification bypass provision of ASFA.
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 22, Issue 8 (2016)
                Psoriasis is a largely researched topic with abundant potential for publication in dermatologic journals. We used the Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science citation database using the search term “psoriasis” in the titles of any literature published in 4 high-impact dermatology journals. We compiled a ranking of the top 25 cited first authors and top 25 cited authors overall on the subject of psoriasis between 2000-2012. We hope our analysis highlights the achievements of our colleagues and predecessors
                  Cover page: Top-cited psoriasis authors in 4 high-impact dermatology journals: 2000-2012Creative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
                  • Article
                  Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 20, Issue 5 (2014)
                  Psoriasis is a relevant topic for publication in general medical journals. We conducted a search of the Thomson Reuters’ Science Citation using the search term of “psoriasis” in five high-impact general medical journals. All citation classics from 1970 to 2012 were included and each author’s total number of citations was summated. A total of 51 citation classics were collected. The most common topic of publication was psoriasis treatment (37), especially biologic agents (16). A total of 1037 authors of psoriasis articles were identified in our study and the top 25 most-cited authors were compiled. We hope our citation analysis provides a historical perspective and highlights the work of our colleagues and predecessors.
                    Cover page: Citation classics and top-cited authors of psoriasis in five high-impact general medical journals, 1970-2012Creative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
                    • Article
                    Dermatology Online Journal, Volume 21, Issue 4 (2015)
                    We analyzed trends in the frequency of original publications into common dermatologic topics in two premier European journals, the British Journal of Dermatology and the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Most notably, we found that psoriasis publications peaked around the mid-to-late 1980’s as well as demonstrated an upward trend since the 21st century. Skin cancer research witnessed a gradual increase in the frequency of publications since 1970. These findings were consistent with a prior study analyzing trends in two American dermatology journals. We attempted to analyze these results from a historical perspective as well as provide an outlook on the future of research into these common dermatologic topics.
                      Cover page: European trends in the frequency of original research in acne vulgaris, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis, skin cancer, and skin infections, 1970-2010Creative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
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