One-dimensional nonlinear phononic crystals have been assembled from periodic diatomic chains of stainless steel cylinders alternated with Polytetrafluoroethylene spheres. This system allows dramatic changes of behavior (from linear to strongly nonlinear) by application of compressive forces practically without changes of geometry of the system. The relevance of classical acoustic band-gap, characteristic for chain with linear interaction forces and derived from the dispersion relation of the linearized system, on the transformation of single and multiple pulses in linear, nonlinear and strongly nonlinear regimes are investigated with numerical calculations and experiments. The limiting frequencies of the acoustic band-gap for investigated system with given precompression force are within the audible frequency range (20–20,000 Hz) and can be tuned by varying the particle’s material properties, mass and initial compression. In the linear elastic chain the presence of the acoustic band-gap was apparent through fast transformation of incoming pulses within very short distances from the chain entrance. It is interesting that pulses with relatively large amplitude (nonlinear elastic chain) exhibit qualitatively similar behavior indicating relevance of the acoustic band gap also for transformation of nonlinear signals. The effects of an in situ band-gap created by a mean dynamic compression are observed in the strongly nonlinear wave regime.