Procedural justice is placed within a larger theoretical context developed from theories of comparative institutions. In a sample of Lithuanian and American electronics companies it was found that: (a) Employees in the "neotraditional" political economy perceived their organizations as less meritocratic than did their peers in the "modern" political economy. (b) The relationship between political economy and employee perceptions of procedural justice was mediated by the organizations' use of meritocratic practices. (c) Procedural justice was associated with employee organizational commitment and coworker trust, controlling for political economy.