Up until now, several studies have shown that a speech
interface system giving verbal suggestions with beeping
sounds that decrease in pitch conveyed a low system
confidence level to users intuitively, and these beeping sounds
were named “artificial subtle expressions” (ASEs). However,
all participants in these studies were only Japanese, so if the
participants’ mother tongue has different sensitivity to
variations in pitch compared with Japanese, the
interpretations of the ASEs might be different. We then
investigated whether the ASEs are interpreted in the same
way as with Japanese regardless of the users’ mother tongues;
specifically we focused on three language categories in
traditional phonological typology. We conducted a web-based
experiment to investigate whether the ways speakers of
German, Portuguese (stress accent language), Mandarin
Chinese (tone language) and Japanese (pitch accent language)
interpret the ASEs are different or not. The results of this
experiment showed that the ways of interpreting did not differ,
so this suggests that these ways are language-independent