INTRODUCTION Public domain trust allotments (PD allotments) are parcels of land held in trust by the federal government for specific Indian individuals. It is a class of Indian lands created by the General Allotment Act of 1887 as an ancillary result of the effort to assimilate Indians into the general population by terminating reservations and making Indians homesteaders of private parcels. They were intended for Indians not residing on a reservation or for whose tribe no reservation was created. These "landless" Indians were permitted to make allotment selections from the public domain, including the national forests. PD allotments are not the same as the trust allotments created from Indian reservations that remain within the boundaries of a reservation. Both PD allotments and reservation allotments are supposedly entitled to the same services (and obligations or restrictions) conferred by trust status. As a practical matter, allotments within reservation boundaries have received considerably more attention than PD allotments. Reservation allotments are covered by natural resource management plans prepared for reservations and in general have provided greater benefits to their owners than PD allotments.

Mythical cosmologies are not the attempts of savages to explain in fantasy where empirical knowledge of reality is absent, but are rather the opposite-statements in allegorical form about knowledge of the interrelations between what we would call natural, psychic and cultural aspects of reality. Myth and science are polar opposites, not because one is wrong and the other right, but because myth portrays reality as it is experienced while science postulates a reality that is thought to exist but can never be experienced. Myth unveils what is known to be true, while science experiments to build realities that are thought not to be untrue. Myths through their symbols allow men to enter directly and experientially into the realm of meaningful reality. INTRODUCTION There are over a dozen Indian reservations in California encompassing several hundred thousand acres on which management of natural resources (timber, fish, wildlife, soils, minerals) is an important activity. While in the past much of this management was performed by Bureau of Indian Affairs technical staff on behalf of Indian owners, there is an increasing tendency and necessity for tribes to assume more of this responsibility themselves. This trend is exemplified in California by the pursuit of self-governance powers by some tribes (e.g., Hoopa, Karuk, Yurok), contracting for natural resource management by others under Public Law 93-638-the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act of 1975-(e.g., Round Valley, Tule River, Campo), and formation of advocacy groups such as the California Indian Basketmakers Association and the California Indian Forest and Fire Management Council.

INTRODUCTION Indian Country in the United States contains substantial commercial forest resources. The sixteen million forested acres on 214 reservations in twenty-three states generated over $465 million in revenue and supported forty thousand jobs in 1991, primarily through timber harvesting. Management of these resources is performed by three types of organizations: on- and off-reservation United States Department of the Interior-Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) forestry programs; joint BIA and tribal forestry programs that share responsibilities; and completely tribal forestry programs. Joint BIA-tribal programs are enabled by the “Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act of 1975,” P.L. 93-638, through which tribes can contract with the BIA to do part or all of the forest management work. So-called 638 contracts are constrained, however, at the same funding level as a solely BIA program and, further, by BIA rules and regulations. Totally tribal programs, permitted under the “Indian Self-Determination Act Amendments of 1988,” P.L. 100-472, may appear to be an attractive alternative to BIA or joint programs because self governance allows a tribe to design a program it chooses, pursue funding independent of ordinary BIA budgeting procedures, and seek waivers from regulations that are inappropriate. A tribe seeking greater control over its forest resources may ask, Is self governance a better way to do forest resource management?

For farmers, landowners, and land managers: How to maintain and repair existing roads in rural areas and how to plan and construct new rural roads.

Increasing urbanization is encroaching on the habitat of California's wild fishes, and fish populations are falling. Learn the basics of fish biology and explore ways to reduce or even reverse civilization's negative effect on fish and streams.