In planning for long-duration spaceflight, it will be important to accurately model the exposure of astronauts to heavy ions in the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR). As part of an ongoing effort to improve heavy-ion transport codes that will be used in designing future spacecraft and habitats, fragmentation cross sections of 28Si have been measured using beams with extracted energies from 290A MeV to 1200A MeV, spanning most of the peak region of the energy distribution of silicon ions in the GCR. Results were obtained for six elemental targets: hydrogen, carbon, aluminum, copper, tin, and lead. The charge-changing cross sections are found to be energy-independent within the experimental uncertainties, except for those on the hydrogen target. Cross sections for the heaviest fragments are found to decrease slightly with increasing energy for lighter targets, but increase with energy for tin and lead targets. The cross sections are compared to previous measurements at similar energies, and to predictions of the NUCFRG2 model used by NASA to evaluate radiation exposures in flight. For charge-changing cross sections, reasonable agreement is found between the present experiment and those of Webber, et al. and Flesch, et al., and NUCFRG2 agrees with the data to within 3 percent in most cases. Fragment cross sections show less agreement between experiments, and there are substantial differences between NUCFRG2 predictions and the data.

The use of HTS materials in high radiation environments requires that the superconducting properties remain constant up to a radiation high dose. BSCCO-2223 samples from two manufacturers were irradiated with 50 MeV protons at fluences of up to 5 x 1017 protons/cm2. The samples lost approximately 75 percent of their pre-irradiation Ic. This compares with Nb3Sn, which loses about 50 percent at the same displacements per atom.

A neutron irradiation facility is being developed at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the purposes of measuring neutron reaction cross sections on radioactive targets and for radiation effects testing. Applications are of benefit to stockpile stewardship, nuclear astrophysics, next generation advanced fuel reactors, and cosmic radiation biology and electronics in space. The facility will supply a tunable, quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam in the range of 10-30 MeV or a white neutron source, produced by deuteron breakup reactions on thin and thick targets, respectively. Because the deuteron breakup reaction has not been well studied at intermediate incident deuteron energies, above the target Coulomb barrier and below 56 MeV, a detailed characterization was necessary of the neutron spectra produced by thin targets.Neutron time of flight (TOF) methods have been used to measure the neutron spectra produced on thin targets of low-Z (titanium) and high-Z (tantalum) materials at incident deuteron energies of 20 MeV and 29 MeV at 0 deg. Breakup neutrons at both energies from low-Z targets appear to peak at roughly half of the available kinetic energy, while neutrons from high-Z interactions peak somewhat lower in energy, owing to the increased proton energy due to breakup within the Coulomb field. Furthermore, neutron spectra appear narrower for high-Z targets. These centroids are consistent with recent preliminary proton energy measurements using silicon telescope detectors conducted at LBNL, though there is a notable discrepancy with spectral widths.

Secondary neutron-production cross-sections have been measured from interactions of 230 MeV/nucleon He, 400 MeV/nucleon N, 400 MeV/nucleon Kr, 400 MeV/nucleon Xe, 500 MeV/nucleon Fe, and 600 MeV/nucleon Ne interacting in a variety of elemental and composite targets. We report the double-differential production cross sections, angular distributions, energy spectra, and total cross sections from all systems. Neutron energies were measured using the time-of-flight technique, and were measured at laboratory angles between 5 deg and 80 deg. The spectra exhibit behavior previously reported in other heavy-ion-induced neutron production experiments; namely, a peak at forward angles near the energy corresponding to the beam velocity, with the remaining spectra generated by preequilibrium and equilibrium processes. The double-differential spectra are fitted with a moving-source parameterization. Observations on the dependence of the total cross sections on target and projectile mass are discussed.