Skip to main content
eScholarship
Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (4 results)

  • Article
Other Recent Work (2006)

This report presents the results of three studies conducted from 2003 to 2005 measuring HIV discrimination in health care in Los Angeles County. Each of the studies used trained testers posing as either patients who were HIV-positive or organizations working with such patients. Testers called the offices of health care providers and asked if they would accept HIV-positive patients. The studies focused on skilled nursing facilities, cosmetic and plastic surgeons, and obstetricians, in order to determine the percentage of providers in each area who had a blanket policy of refusing services to people living with HIV. The testers also gathered some qualitative information about the reasons why health care providers denied services to HIV-positive patients. The three types of health care providers were chosen based on current medical needs of persons living with HIV/AIDS, including nursing care as the HIV population ages, cosmetic surgery to address the impact of facial wasting, and prenatal care for women living with HIV.

    Cover page: HIV Discrimination in Health Care Services in Los Angeles County: The Results of Three Testing Studies
    • Article
    Other Recent Work (2008)

    This study analyzes data from states that have extended legal recognition to same-sex couples. Analyses show that same-sex couples want and use these new legal statuses. Furthermore, they react more enthusiastically when marriage is possible. More than 40% of same-sex couples have formed legal unions in states where such recognition is available. Same-sex couples prefer marriage over civil unions or domestic partnerships. In the first year that marriage was offered in Massachusetts, 37% of same-sex couples there married. In states that offered civil unions, only 12% of same-sex couples took advantage of this status in the first year and only 10% did so in states with domestic partnership registries.

      Cover page: Marriage, Registration and Dissolution by Same-Sex Couples in the US
      • Article
      Other Recent Work (2007)

      This report reviews more than 50 studies over the last decade and demonstrates a disturbing and consistent pattern: sexual orientation-based and gender identity discrimination is a common occurrence in many workplaces across the country. Surveys of GLBT individuals, studies of the sexual orientation earnings gap, and controlled experiments all provide evidence of discriminatory treatment.

        Cover page: Bias in the Workplace: Consistent Evidence of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 45 (2023)
        In some contexts, last-name-only format is used to refer to people (e.g. "Hedberg came in", "Jones called"). At least in U.S. English, men are more likely to be referred to by last-name-only format than women (male bias, e.g. McConnell-Ginet 2003). Moreover, researchers referred to with last-name-only are judged more famous/eminent (eminence bias, Atir & Ferguson 2018). However, the robustness of these biases is not yet well-understood, nor how they interact with other semantic biases. We report sentence-completion data from humans showing that these biases persist in informationally-impoverished contexts, the male bias persists when even pitted against verbs' implicit-causality biases, and these biases persist even when use of the last-name-only format for women is primed. Furthermore, we compare the human results to sentence-completions produced by the language model chatGPT, and show that chatGPT exhibits a weaker gender-bias effect but a stronger eminence bias than human participants.
          Cover page: Referring to people with only a last name: Comparing gender biases in humans and chatGPTCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
          Top