Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) produces photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), making it a bio-based and sustainable photosensitizer for micropollutant degradation. However, the rapid self-degradation of FMN under light poses challenges in practical applications. We propose for the first time to use porous organic polymer (POP) structures as particles and in situ grown on nanofibrous membranes to capture the ribityl side chain ("tail") of FMN by electrostatic-driven guest-host interaction. By restraining the free bending mode of FMN in POP, its self-degradation is highly inhibited, showing a prolonged half-life (102.7 and 79.7 times to that in solution and in β-cyclodextrin, respectively) without any impact on the ROS production even after 16 h of UVA irradiation. As a proof-of-concept, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of FMN-POP complexes can be achieved at 58-93% against micropollutants under UVA. The stabilization of FMN by the "tail" capture in the POP allows its photocatalytic degradation function to be continuously online.

Maleic acid (MA) has been explored to replace formaldehyde-based dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) for cotton anti-crease finishing. However, the resilience of treated fabrics was not satisfactorily improved. In this study, acryloyl malic acid (AMA) was synthesized and applied on fabrics as a novel crosslinking agent. The results showed that both crease recovery angle and whiteness index of treated samples were higher than those of MA in the presence/absence of catalyst sodium hypophosphite (SHP). Chemical structure of AMA was confirmed by NMR and MS spectra. The possible crosslinking mechanism between AMA and cellulose was investigated by means of (13)C NMR, MS, FTIR and phosphorus content analyses. It was found that AMA could form ester bonds with cellulose by formation of anhydride intermediate. Meanwhile, additional reaction of double bonds on AMA with another molecule or PH of SHP residual has also contributed to the crosslinking. A reaction equation was proposed based on the analyses.