Tuberculosis (TB) remains a main driver of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV along with other opportunistic infections. This review summarizes key highlights related to TB, and other opportunistic infections in HIV as well as studies from the virtual 2021 Conference on Retroviruses and Oppoprtunitstic Infections evaluating outcomes among HIV-COVID-19 coinfected patients.

Early treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions compared with active monitoring reduced the risk of anal cancer by 57% in persons with HIV in a landmark randomized trial of 4446 participants. In a multi- country randomized trial, an entirely oral combination regimen consisting of bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin for 24 weeks outperformed the World Health Organization-recommended 36- to 96-week standard of care regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), ushering in a new era of shorter multidrug-resistant TB treatment. These and other studies of TB and coinfections in persons with HIV presented at the 2022 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections pro vided new insights and are summarized herein.

Due to COVID-19, this year marked the first virtual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) in the conference's 27-year history. There were important studies presented that provided new insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and other HIV coinfections. Highlights related to TB and HIV coinfections from this year's meeting are reviewed below.

We assessed the real-world utility of universal broad-range polymerase chain reaction sequencing for pathogen detection. Among 1062 clinical samples, 107/1062 (10.1%) had a clinically significant, positive result, with substantial variation by specimen type. Clinical management was changed in 44/1062 (4.1%). These data can help maximize utility of this emerging diagnostic.