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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (15 results)

  • Article
CSW Update Newsletter (2006)

The reconstruction of gender identities was central to the modernization process in colonial Korea (1910–1945). A consideration of how women and men of all classes individually and collectively negotiated changing political, social and economic conditions to constitute themselves as subjective agents is crucial to understanding the twentieth- century transformation of Korean society and culture. Using newspapers and magazines as primary sources, I examine their production, content, and readership to better understand their ro

    Cover page: Gender and Modernity in Colonial Korea
    • Thesis
    • Peer Reviewed
    UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2012)

    This study examines the predictive validity of literacy measures from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) for Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELs). Third grade EL students were screened three times during the year with DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency (DORF) and Daze. Predictive validity of the scores was examined in relation to the spring administration of the California Standards Test (CST). Data were analyzed for the entire sample as well as disaggregated by English language proficiency level. Overall results revealed that the DORF was a better predictor of CST performance than the Daze across fall, winter, and spring screenings. Although Daze was a significant predictor when examined individually, results of hierarchical regression models indicated that once DORF was accounted for, Daze did not explain significant additional variance. The contribution of each fluency measure over and above the predictability of the previous year's CST score was also examined. Results indicated that both DORF and Daze accounted for significant additional variance, however, the amount was minimal. When considering English language proficiency level, findings indicated there was not a statistically significant difference in the predictive validity of the DORF or the Daze administered in the fall to CST performance in the spring for students of varying EL level. Predictive accuracy of the DORF and Daze was also examined for each EL group, which indicated a need for additional examination of the current DIBELS cut scores when applied to this group of students. Results from this study contribute to the research suggesting that although there is potential for the use of DIBELS measures to screen Spanish-speaking ELs, further research should be conducted.

      Cover page: Evaluating the Predictive Validity of DIBELS Literacy Measures with Third Grade Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2019)

      Objective

      Current guidelines recommend high-priority treatment of severe sickle cell disease (SCD) pain with opioids; however, patients with SCD have historically been undertreated. We used mixed methods to assess pediatric residents' perceptions toward opioid use in SCD pain management.

      Methods

      We distributed a survey to 88 residents at an urban pediatric medical center in a cross-sectional study. Participants responded to questions about perceived barriers to acute SCD pain management and attitudes toward patients with SCD. Responses were examined using bivariate analyses. Five pediatric residents were interviewed, to provide more in-depth understanding of barriers to SCD pain management.

      Results

      Fifty-three residents (60%) completed the survey. Participants were divided into "more experienced" (had seen ≥ 21 patients with SCD; 45.3%) or "less experienced." Both groups reported potential for tolerance and dependence as major barriers to opioid use in SCD. Less experienced residents reported a greater need for additional training in SCD pain management (P < 0.05), more concern about addiction, and greater empathy for patients with SCD (P < 0.05). Both groups agreed that patients with SCD were "frustrating to care for." Thematic analysis revealed that increased patient and provider barriers led to distrust, ultimately leading to undertreatment of pain and inadequate care.

      Conclusion

      Although more experienced residents reported feeling more comfortable treating acute SCD pain and were less concerned with addiction compared with less experienced residents, certain negative views of patients with SCD were prevalent among all residents. Findings suggest that residency training must address provider attitudes as well as knowledge about SCD.
        Cover page: Pediatric residents’ perceived barriers to opioid use in sickle cell disease pain management
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        UCLA Previously Published Works (2024)
          Cover page: Uplifting Community and Incorporating Reuse in Conservation Planning for the Noah Purifoy Outdoor Desert Art Museum of Assemblage Sculpture
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works (2019)
          Alcohol use disorders, affective disorders and their comorbidity are sexually dimorphic in humans. However, it is difficult to disentangle the interactions between subject factors influencing alcohol sensitivity in studies of humans. Herein, we combined murine models of unpredictable, chronic, mild stress (UCMS) and voluntary binge-drinking to examine for sex differences in the interactions between prior histories of excessive ethanol-drinking and stress upon ethanol-induced changes in motor behavior and subsequent drinking. In Experiment 1, female mice were insensitive to the UCMS-induced increase in ethanol-induced locomotion and ethanol intake under continuous alcohol-access. Experiment 2 revealed interactions between ethanol dose and sex (females>males), binge-drinking history (water>ethanol), and UCMS history (UCMS>controls), with no additive effect of a sequential prior history of both binge drinking and UCMS observed. We also observed an interaction between UCMS history and sex for righting recovery. UCMS history potentiated subsequent binge-drinking in water controls of both sexes and in male binge-drinking mice. Conversely, a prior binge-drinking history increased subsequent ethanol intake in females only, irrespective of prior UCMS history. In Experiment 3, a concurrent history of binge-drinking and UCMS did not alter ethanol intake, nor did it influence the ethanol dose-locomotor response function, but it did augment alcohol-induced sedation and reduced subsequent alcohol intake over that produced by binge-drinking alone. Thus, the subject factors of biological sex, prior stressor history and prior binge-drinking history interact in complex ways in mice to impact sensitivity to alcohol's motor-stimulating, -incoordinating and intoxicating effects, as well as to influence subsequent heavy drinking.
            Cover page: Complex interactions between the subject factors of biological sex and prior histories of binge-drinking and unpredictable stress influence behavioral sensitivity to alcohol and alcohol intake
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            UCLA Previously Published Works (2019)
            HIV-1-infected individuals are treated with lifelong antiretroviral drugs to control the infection. A means to strengthen the antiviral T cell response might allow them to control viral loads without antiretroviral drugs. We report the development of a lentiviral vector-based dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in which HIV-1 antigen is co-expressed with CD40 ligand (CD40L) and a soluble, high-affinity programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) dimer. CD40L activates the DCs, whereas PD-1 binds programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to prevent checkpoint activation and strengthen the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. The injection of humanized mice with DCs transduced with vector expressing CD40L and the HIV-1 SL9 epitope induced antigen-specific T cell proliferation and memory differentiation. Upon HIV-1 challenge of vaccinated mice, viral load was suppressed by 2 logs for 6 weeks. Introduction of the soluble PD-1 dimer into a vector that expressed full-length HIV-1 proteins accelerated the antiviral response. The results support development of this approach as a therapeutic vaccine that might allow HIV-1-infected individuals to control virus replication without antiretroviral therapy.
              Cover page: Lentiviral Vector-Based Dendritic Cell Vaccine Suppresses HIV Replication in Humanized Mice
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UCLA Previously Published Works (2016)

              Background

              The ESX-1 type VII secretion system is an important determinant of virulence in pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This complicated molecular machine secretes folded proteins through the mycobacterial cell envelope to subvert the host immune response. Despite its important role in disease very little is known about the molecular architecture of the ESX-1 secretion system.

              Results

              This study characterizes the structures of the soluble domains of two conserved core ESX-1 components - EccB1 and EccD1. The periplasmic domain of EccB1 consists of 4 repeat domains and a central domain, which together form a quasi 2-fold symmetrical structure. The repeat domains of EccB1 are structurally similar to a known peptidoglycan binding protein suggesting a role in anchoring the ESX-1 system within the periplasmic space. The cytoplasmic domain of EccD1has a ubiquitin-like fold and forms a dimer with a negatively charged groove.

              Conclusions

              These structures represent a major step towards resolving the molecular architecture of the entire ESX-1 assembly and may contribute to ESX-1 targeted tuberculosis intervention strategies.
                Cover page: Structures of EccB1 and EccD1 from the core complex of the mycobacterial ESX-1 type VII secretion system
                • Article
                Recent Work (2022)

                Education Workforce Housing in California: Developing the 21st Century Campus, a new report and companion handbook from cityLAB, Center for Cities + Schools, and the Terner Center for Housing Innovation, provides a comprehensive overview of the potential for land owned by school districts to be designed and developed for teachers and other employees.

                Developed in collaboration with the California School Boards Association (CSBA) and funded by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI), this research inventories tens of thousands of potential sites, shows a range of housing design strategies, and lays out a roadmap for school districts interested in exploring this transformative opportunity to enable more teachers and staff to live in the communities that they serve.

                The report also makes important recommendations for state policy reforms to encourage education workforce housing. The report is accompanied by an illustrated Handbook that provides a how-to guide for school boards, administrators, and community members to advocate for and advance the development of education workforce housing on underutilized schools lands in communities across California.

                  Cover page: Education Workforce Housing in California: Developing the 21st Century Campus
                  • Article
                  • Peer Reviewed
                  UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works (2018)
                  The incubation of cue-reinforced cocaine-seeking coincides with increased extracellular glutamate within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). The vmPFC is comprised of two subregions that oppositely regulate drug-seeking, with infralimbic (IL) activity inhibiting, and prelimibic (PL) activity facilitating, drug-seeking. Thus, we hypothesized that increasing and decreasing endogenous glutamate within the IL would attenuate and potentiate, respectively, cue-reinforced drug-seeking behavior, with the converse effects observed upon manipulations of endogenous glutamate within the PL. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.25 mg/infusion; 6 h/day X 10 days), the delivery of which was signaled by a tone-light cue. Rats were then subdivided into 3 or 30 day withdrawal groups. For testing, rats were microinjected with vehicle, 20 mM of the mGlu2/3 agonist LY379268 (to lower endogenous glutamate), or 300 μM of the excitatory amino acid transporter inhibitor threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA; to raise endogenous glutamate) into either the IL or PL (0.5 μl/side) and then given a 30-min test for cue-reinforced drug-seeking. Vehicle-infused rats exhibited incubated responding on the cocaine-associated lever. Neither LY379268 nor TBOA altered behavior at 3 days withdrawal, indicating that glutamate within neither subregion regulates cue-reinforced drug-seeking during early withdrawal. At 30 days withdrawal, intra-PL LY379268 microinjection significantly decreased drug-seeking behavior, while the effect was more modest when infused intra-IL. Interestingly, intra-IL TBOA attenuated incubated drug-seeking during protracted withdrawal, but did not affect behavior when infused intra-PL. These results argue that glutamate release within the PL in response to drug-seeking likely drives the manifestation of incubated cocaine-seeking during protracted withdrawal.
                    Cover page: Endogenous glutamate within the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices regulates the incubation of cocaine-seeking in rats.
                    • Article
                    • Peer Reviewed
                    UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works (2016)

                    Background

                    Robust methods for the segmentation and analysis of cells in 3D time sequences (3D+t) are critical for quantitative cell biology. While many automated methods for segmentation perform very well, few generalize reliably to diverse datasets. Such automated methods could significantly benefit from at least minimal user guidance. Identification and correction of segmentation errors in time-series data is of prime importance for proper validation of the subsequent analysis. The primary contribution of this work is a novel method for interactive segmentation and analysis of microscopy data, which learns from and guides user interactions to improve overall segmentation.

                    Results

                    We introduce an interactive cell analysis application, called CellECT, for 3D+t microscopy datasets. The core segmentation tool is watershed-based and allows the user to add, remove or modify existing segments by means of manipulating guidance markers. A confidence metric learns from the user interaction and highlights regions of uncertainty in the segmentation for the user's attention. User corrected segmentations are then propagated to neighboring time points. The analysis tool computes local and global statistics for various cell measurements over the time sequence. Detailed results on two large datasets containing membrane and nuclei data are presented: a 3D+t confocal microscopy dataset of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata consisting of 18 time points, and a 3D+t single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) dataset consisting of 192 time points. Additionally, CellECT was used to segment a large population of jigsaw-puzzle shaped epidermal cells from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. The cell coordinates obtained using CellECT are compared to those of manually segmented cells.

                    Conclusions

                    CellECT provides tools for convenient segmentation and analysis of 3D+t membrane datasets by incorporating human interaction into automated algorithms. Users can modify segmentation results through the help of guidance markers, and an adaptive confidence metric highlights problematic regions. Segmentations can be propagated to multiple time points, and once a segmentation is available for a time sequence cells can be analyzed to observe trends. The segmentation and analysis tools presented here generalize well to membrane or cell wall volumetric time series datasets.
                      Cover page: CellECT: cell evolution capturing tool
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