The goal of this project is to understand the Cucapáh Indigenous group’s understanding of what the land is and how is their relationship with the land. This study is based on exploring the daily practices, rituals, and language, along with the political struggles for fishing rights, communal land possession, and self-determination of the Cucapáh Indigenous group in Baja California, México, located in three rural communities of the municipality of Mexicali. This dissertation is a qualitative study, with a grounded theory method, from an interpretive approach. I have used the instruments of semi-structured in-depth interviews, participant observation, and place-based methodologies in my fieldwork. Moreover, I conducted archival research in libraries in Mexicali, México and with documents that some Cucapáh families gave me access to in-person. I also had access to documents digitally through the San Diego History Center archive. The main finding of this research project is how the Cucapáh understand what the land is, and how they relate to the land, namely, to their river and hills. The Cucapáh understand the land as their river and the natural elements that allow them to interact and constantly relate to their river as a whole. This includes the Colorado river, the Hardy river (Colorado tributary), the Cucapáh mountain range that allows them to constantly relate to the river, and the fish and other species that interact with the river and survive based on the river, including plants. This conception of the land is not about a fixed patch of soil, but rather the space that allows them to be and interact with their river. Moreover, the Cucapáh rely on relationality and reciprocity to understand and interact with the land.