Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful imaging technique that enables the visualization of biological samples at the molecular level by measuring the fluorescence decay rate of fluorescent probes. This provides critical information about molecular interactions, environmental changes, and localization within biological systems. However, creating high-resolution lifetime maps using conventional FLIM systems can be challenging, as it often requires extensive scanning that can significantly lengthen acquisition times. This issue is further compounded in three-dimensional (3D) imaging because it demands additional scanning along the depth axis. To tackle this challenge, we developed two novel computational imaging techniques. The first technique is compressed FLIM based on a compressed sensing scheme. By leveraging the compressibility of biological scenes in a specific domain, we simultaneously record the time-lapse fluorescence decay upon pulsed laser excitation within a large field of view. The resultant system can acquire a widefield fluorescence lifetime image within a single camera exposure, eliminating the motion artifact and minimizing the photobleaching and phototoxicity. The imaging speed, limited only by the readout speed of the camera, is up to 100 Hz. We demonstrated the utility of compressed FLIM in imaging various transient dynamics at the microscopic scale. The second technique is light field tomographic FLIM (LIFT-FLIM). This approach allows for the acquisition of volumetric fluorescence lifetime images in a highly data-efficient manner, significantly reducing the number of scanning steps required compared to conventional point-scanning or line-scanning FLIM imagers. Moreover, LIFT-FLIM enables the measurement of highdimensional data using low-dimensional detectors, which are typically low-cost and feature a higher temporal bandwidth. We demonstrated LIFT-FLIM using a linear single-photon avalanche diode array on various biological systems, showcasing unparalleled single-photon detection sensitivity. Additionally, we expanded the functionality of our method to spectral FLIM and demonstrated its application in high-content multiplexed imaging of lung organoids. LIFT-FLIM has the potential to open up new avenues in both basic and translational biomedical research.