- Mar, Nataliya;
- Zakharia, Yousef;
- Falcon, Alejandro;
- Morales-Barrera, Rafael;
- Mellado, Begona;
- Duran, Ignacio;
- Oh, Do-Youn;
- Williamson, Stephen K;
- Gajate, Pablo;
- Arkenau, Hendrik-Tobias;
- Jones, Robert J;
- Teo, Min Yuen;
- Turan, Tolga;
- McLaughlin, Robert T;
- Peltier, Hillary M;
- Chong, Elizabeth;
- Atluri, Harisha;
- Dean, James P;
- Castellano, Daniel
Ibrutinib is a first-in-class Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of various B-cell malignancies and chronic graft-versus-host disease. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ibrutinib, alone or combined with standard-of-care regimens, in adults with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). Once-daily ibrutinib was administered orally at 840 mg (single-agent or with paclitaxel) or at 560 mg (with pembrolizumab). Phase 1b determined the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of ibrutinib, and phase 2 assessed progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety. Thirty-five, eighteen, and fifty-nine patients received ibrutinib, ibrutinib plus pembrolizumab, and ibrutinib plus paclitaxel at the RP2D, respectively. Safety profiles were consistent with those of the individual agents. The best-confirmed ORRs were 7% (two partial responses) with single-agent ibrutinib and 36% (five partial responses) with ibrutinib plus pembrolizumab. Median PFS was 4.1 months (range, 1.0-37.4+) with ibrutinib plus paclitaxel. The best-confirmed ORR was 26% (two complete responses). In previously treated patients with UC, ORR was higher with ibrutinib plus pembrolizumab than with either agent alone (historical data in the intent-to-treat population). ORR with ibrutinib plus paclitaxel was greater than historical values for single-agent paclitaxel or ibrutinib. These data warrant further evaluation of ibrutinib combinations in UC.