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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (8 results)

  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2014)

Objective

To compare depressive symptoms between caregivers to persons with dementia and other illnesses and determine whether caregiver role captivity and care recipient disruptive behaviors mediate this association.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of older women in four U.S. communities followed from 1999 to 2009. Home-based interviews were used in 345 caregiving participants from the Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Caregiver status was based on self-report of performing one or more instrumental or basic activities of daily living for a care recipient. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Scores of 16 or greater represented high depressive symptoms. Caregiver role captivity and care recipient problematic behaviors were measured using validated instruments.

Results

Approximately one third of the caregivers cared for a person with dementia. High depressive symptoms were more common among dementia caregivers (22.8% versus 11.2%, p <0.001) (unadjusted odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-3.74). This association was completely mediated by caregiver role captivity and care recipient problematic behaviors. In adjusted results, high depressive symptoms were associated with middle and highest tertiles of role captivity (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]: 5.01; 95% CI: 2.31-11.05 and AOR: 9.41; 95% CI: 3.95-22.40 for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively) and care recipient problematic behaviors (AOR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.02-6.19 and AOR: 5.26; 95% CI: 2.00-13.8 for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively).

Conclusion

Older caregivers to persons with dementia are at increased risk of high depressive symptoms. Targeting problematic behaviors among dementia patients and addressing aspects of dementia care that result in role captivity may ameliorate caregiver depression.
    Cover page: Depressive Symptoms Among Dementia Caregivers: Role of Mediating Factors
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    LBL Publications (2016)
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2004)
      In 2002, Ray Davis and Masatoshi Koshiba were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics ``for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos.'' However, while astronomy has undergone a revolution in understanding by synthesizing data taken at many wavelengths, the universe has only barely been glimpsed in neutrinos, just the Sun and the nearby SN 1987A. An entire universe awaits, and since neutrinos can probe astrophysical objects at densities, energies, and distances that are otherwise inaccessible, the results are expected to be particularly exciting. Similarly, the revolution in quantitative cosmology has heightened the need for very precise tests that depend on the effects of neutrinos, and prominent among them is the search for the effects of neutrino mass, since neutrinos are a small but known component of the dark matter. In this report, we highlight some of the key opportunties for progress in neutrino astrophysics and cosmology, and the implications for other areas of physics.
        Cover page: APS Neutrino Study: Report of the Neutrino Astrophysics and Cosmology Working Group
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2000)
        In preparation for the nuclear physics Long Range Plan exercise, a group of 104 neutrino physicists met in Seattle September 21-23 to discuss both the present state of the field and the new opportunities of the next decade. This report summarizes the conclusions of that meeting and presents its recommendations. Further information is available at the workshop's web site. This report will be further reviewed at the upcoming Oakland Town Meeting.
          Cover page: Nuclear Physics Neutrino PreTown Meeting: Summary and Recommendations
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2013)
          This document presents (off-line) computing requrements and challenges for Cosmic Frontier science, covering the areas of data management, analysis, and simulations. We invite contributions to extend the range of covered topics and to enhance the current descriptions.
            Cover page: Snowmass Computing Frontier: Computing for the Cosmic Frontier, Astrophysics, and Cosmology
            • Article
            LBL Publications (2004)

            On August 15, 2002 the Department of Energy (DOE) selected the Center for Computational Sciences (CCS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to deploy a new scalable vector supercomputer architecture for solving important scientific problems in climate, fusion, biology, nanoscale materials and astrophysics. "This program is one of the first steps in an initiative designed to provide U.S. scientists with the computational power that is essential to 21st century scientific leadership," said Dr. Raymond L. Orbach, director of the department's Office of Science. In FY03, CCS procured a 256-processor Cray X1 to evaluate the processors, memory subsystem, scalability of the architecture, software environment and to predict the expected sustained performance on key DOE applications codes. The results of the micro-benchmarks and kernel bench marks show the architecture of the Cray X1 to be exceptionally fast for most operations. The best results are shown on large problems, where it is not possible to fit the entire problem into the cache of the processors. These large problems are exactly the types of problems that are important for the DOE and ultra-scale simulation. Application performance is found to be markedly improved by this architecture: - Large-scale simulations of high-temperature superconductors run 25 times faster than on an IBM Power4 cluster using the same number of processors. - Best performance of the parallel ocean program (POP v1.4.3) is 50 percent higher than on Japan s Earth Simulator and 5 times higher than on an IBM Power4 cluster. - A fusion application, global GYRO transport, was found to be 16 times faster on the X1 than on an IBM Power3. The increased performance allowed simulations to fully resolve questions raised by a prior study. - The transport kernel in the AGILE-BOLTZTRAN astrophysics code runs 15 times faster than on an IBM Power4 cluster using the same number of processors. - Molecular dynamics simulations related to the phenomenon of photon echo run 8 times faster than previously achieved. Even at 256 processors, the Cray X1 system is already outperforming other supercomputers with thousands of processors for a certain class of applications such as climate modeling and some fusion applications. This evaluation is the outcome of a number of meetings with both high-performance computing (HPC) system vendors and application experts over the past 9 months and has received broad-based support from the scientific community and other agencies.

              Cover page: ORNL Cray X1 evaluation status report
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2019)
              Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions.
                Cover page: Catching Element Formation In The Act
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                UC Davis Previously Published Works (2014)
                The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.
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