Much has been learned about the diversity and distribution of human-associated microbial communities, but we still know little about the biology of the microbiome, how it interacts with the host, and how the host responds to its resident microbiota. The In

© 2015 Vuong et al.Background: The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is required for pro-inflammatory effects of TNFaα. Our previous studies demonstrated that PARP-1 mediates TNFaα-induced NF-κB activation in glia. Here, we evaluated th

© 2015 Johnston et al. Background: The United States (US) Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of Naval Research negotiate institutional rates for payments of overhead costs associated with administration and space usage, commonly known a