This study leverages three separate yet overlapping polemical debates over the licentiousness ofpublic drama in early modern Europe to demonstrate patterns of productive interplay between antitheatricalists and the theater industries that arose during the 16th and 17th centuries in England France, and Spain. Previous studies have demonstrated how early modern debates over the existence of public theater spaces deeply impacted contemporary drama, both because dramatists often participated in heated arguments over theater’s illicit qualities and because anti-theatrical logic eventually worked its way into the plots and characters of all three regions. As will be shown, however, the impact of these disputes was rarely one-sided. Despite the logic of antagonism inherent to its polarizing viewpoints on performance, early modern anti-theatricalism often displays a variety of rhetorical, stylistic, and generic patterns driven by trends in contemporary drama. Some anti-theatricalists co-opt the theatrical concentration on visual and aural stimulation, attempting to captivate audiences through imaginative descriptions and fictional scenarios that approximate the sensory experience of spectatorship. Others pull tension on contemporary dramatic practice, balancing out the writing of popular dramatists through complementary strategies that demonstrate both a deep sense of conversance and a complex understanding of debate. Tracing the complex maneuvers from writers on both sides as a result of their productive polemical interplay reveals the common ground between writers of all kinds of calibers and styles, creating an analytical lens that allows us to see how arguments over drama informed the futures of both performance and polemics, as well as how such controversies helped form the unique attributes that helped characterize the early modern period.

Inspired by examples from electromagnetics, acoustic nonreciprocity refers to the unusual phenomenon where waves (sound, elastic, or mechanical) propagate through a material differently in one direction versus the opposite. Analogously to the electronic diode, acoustic nonreciprocity is of particular interest in the context of enabling acoustic logic and signal processing devices, as well as low-loss (backscattering immune) signal propagation. One approach to disrupt reciprocity is to break time-reversal symmetry via spatiotemporal (ST) manipulation of a material's properties through which a wave is propagating. However, all hitherto experimentally demonstrated examples of acoustic nonreciprocity via ST modulation have achieved said modulation by active, distributed control of the material. Such active, distributed control is problematic for implementations involving high frequencies, small length scales, or many modulated elements. Here, we present two related variations of an alternative approach, namely self-modulation via nonlinear mechanical mode interaction, induced by driving from the material boundary.

The first system we study consists of a discrete material composed of designer nonlinear elements, wherein a longitudinal mechanical wave excited from the material boundary modulates the shear stiffness of the material such that nonreciprocal shear wave propagation is achieved. For this system, we formulate the equations of motion for the discrete, nonlinear ST modulated spring-mass system, and calculate the wave dispersion therein approximated to several harmonic orders. Additionally, we outline geometric design constraints of the nonlinear springs and masses comprising the material, that enable control over the relative speed and coupling strength of longitudinal and shear waves, along with the nonreciprocal band structure. To validate our theoretical framework, we present both experimental measurements and numerical simulations illustrating nonreciprocal acoustic wave propagation within this designed material.

The second approach is based on the Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) model, originally described in the context of quantum electronics, wherein a lattice is modulated by periodic on-site potentials. In this study, we introduce a mechanical analog of the AAH model. The structure comprises a one-dimensional lattice featuring a bulk zero-energy mode parametrized by an angle. Depending on the value of this angle, the system exhibits finite-frequency edge modes, as a consequence of the non-zero Chern numbers of the bulk bands. Remarkably, the nonlinear interaction between these finite frequency edge modes and the bulk zero mode results in a ``self-pumping effect.'' This phenomenon is where an excitation from the end with the edge mode activates the bulk zero mode, subsequently transporting (pumping) the excitation from that side to the opposite side of the system, leading to nonreciprocity. We begin our investigation by deriving the equations of motion for the system to map out the spectrum of the system as a function of the angle of its last rotor. We then built the system to experimentally validate the phenomena, and compare our measurements against numerical simulations of the fully nonlinear equations of motion (including experimentally derived dissipation terms).

There is a long-standing debate in the business strategy literature over whether or not firms profit from improving their environmental performance. However, the existing literature has focused mostly on regulated emissions data and few studies have included climate change in this debate or taken a life cycle analysis approach to defining environmental performance. This study investigates the impact of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) on corporate financial performance, and develops complementary hypotheses based on accounting and market based corporate performance measures to represent a short term and long-term perspective on financial performance. Our study also includes both direct and supply chain GHG emissions in calculating a firm’s carbon footprint. In doing so, this paper addresses important questions concerning the profitability of environmental initiatives within the context of supply chain management. Our empirical analysis is based on a novel longitudinal database including over 1100 US firms across a range of industries for the 2004-2008 period. Our results reveal that increasing carbon emissions positively impact financial performance when using accounting based measures (ROA) while it has a negative impact on market based measures of financial performance (Tobin’s q). Importantly, supply chain carbon emissions are shown to significantly drive these findings.

While transit-oriented development (TOD) has become an increasingly popular planning idea, very few studies have examined how localities plan for and implement transit-oriented projects. This paper helps fill that gap by studying the TOD implementation process near stations on the oldest of the current generation of light rail lines – the San Diego Trolley. Interviews with planning directors in the region, supplemented by zoning data, archival research, and inspection of station-area land use, all suggest that TOD is a niche market in the region. There are several barriers which have constrained TOD implementation in San Diego County. TOD projects have been pursued most aggressively in cases where those barriers are less severe or do not apply. Overall, we argue that each city, while being sympathetic to regional rail goals, works within a framework of local goals and constraints. The net result is regional TOD implementation which resembles the incremental model of policy-making first popularized by Lindblom (1959). One implication of this is that a comprehensive reshaping of station-area land use will, at best, take years to be realized.