There are over 3 million U.S. citizen children being raised by undocumented immigrant parents, with little known about how these parents' undocumented status affects their children's educational achievement. This study seeks to understand how Mexican immigrant parents' undocumented status informs their U.S. citizen children's development of ethnic self-identity and how the expression of this ethnic identity justifies the adoption of behavior conducive or detrimental to educational success. Eleven U.S. citizen children from ten families headed by undocumented Mexican immigrants in San Diego County were interviewed between September 2006 and March 2007. Students answered a questionnaire, followed by a transcribed, qualitative interview. Students were asked to discuss their awareness of their parents' struggles as undocumented immigrants and to what extent those struggles were relevant to their own educational experiences. While is no direct relationship between parental undocumented status and U.S. citizen children's educational achievement, children tend to develop identities that identify with their parents' struggles. The behaviors that these identities permit vary, depending on a variety of family circumstances. Some families are better able to shelter their children from the effects of parental undocumented status, or able to shape how their children internalize the meaning of the parents' undocumented status, while parental undocumented status exacerbates already negative circumstances in other families. Yet all families headed by undocumented immigrants face the possibility of parental deportation, which has the potential to completely undermine the family's ability to raise educationally successful American citizen children to adulthood.

BACKGROUND: Disparities in diabetes care quality may have increased for patients with limited English language proficiency (LEP) compared to non-LEP patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in diabetes care quality for adult LEP and non-LEP patients of community health centers (CHCs) were examined from 2019 to 2020. METHODS: Adults with Type 2 diabetes (n = 15 965) of 88 CHC sites in California and with 1+ visit/year in 2019 and 2020 from OCHIN electronic health record data were included. Multivariable regression models estimated the association of LEP status and changes in diabetes care quality from 2019 to 2020, controlling for patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Interaction terms (LEP × 2020) were used to estimate differential over time changes in (1) blood pressure screening, (2) blood pressure control (<140/90 mm Hg), and (3) hemoglobin A1c control (HbA1c <8%) for LEP versus non-LEP patients. RESULTS: LEP and non-LEP patients with diabetes had comparable blood pressure screening and control in 2019 and in 2020. LEP patients were less likely than non-LEP patients to have their HbA1c under control in 2019 (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.96, P = .006) and 2020 (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75, 0.92, P = .001). There were no differential changes in HbA1c control over time for LEP and non-LEP patients. DISCUSSION: Although LEP patients were less likely than non-LEP patients to have their HbA1c under control, CHCs maintained quality of care equally for LEP and non-LEP patients with diabetes during the early pandemic period.

Abstract Here we present the Transcription Factor Encyclopedia (TFe), a new web-based compendium of mini review articles on transcription factors (TFs) that is founded on the principles of open access and collaboration. Our consortium of over 100 researchers has collectively contributed over 130 mini review articles on pertinent human, mouse and rat TFs. Notable features of the TFe website include a high-quality PDF generator and web API for programmatic data retrieval. TFe aims to rapidly educate scientists about the TFs they encounter through the delivery of succinct summaries written and vetted by experts in the field. TFe is available at http://www.cisreg.ca/tfe.